1 00:00:02,280 --> 00:00:04,360 Through another party? Yes. 2 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:06,440 Could we know who? 3 00:00:06,440 --> 00:00:09,040 I think that would be a mistake. 4 00:00:09,040 --> 00:00:10,760 I'll tell you for what reason. 5 00:00:10,760 --> 00:00:14,240 Not to take this person to task in any way. 6 00:01:17,800 --> 00:01:22,280 'The Trinity test and the subsequent devastation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 7 00:01:22,280 --> 00:01:25,720 'had had a profound effect on Oppenheimer. 8 00:01:25,720 --> 00:01:28,360 'At the end of the war, he had rapidly become 9 00:01:28,360 --> 00:01:30,560 'a most influential government scientist. 10 00:01:30,560 --> 00:01:35,440 'And he used that influence in trying to promote international control of nuclear weapons. 11 00:01:36,600 --> 00:01:39,040 'The attempt was largely unsuccessful, 12 00:01:39,040 --> 00:01:43,800 'but at home he then tried to resist the growth of an all-out arms race 13 00:01:43,800 --> 00:01:47,760 'and the development of the H-bomb. 14 00:01:47,760 --> 00:01:49,080 'In doing so, 15 00:01:49,080 --> 00:01:54,120 'despite his strong position as Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission's Advisory Committee. 16 00:01:54,120 --> 00:01:56,000 'And as Director of the Institute 17 00:01:56,000 --> 00:02:00,960 'for Advanced Study at Princeton, he had made powerful enemies. 18 00:02:00,960 --> 00:02:05,080 'And in the late '40s, the Cold War and growing anti-communism 19 00:02:05,080 --> 00:02:09,720 'made those with past left-wing associations increasingly vulnerable. 20 00:02:11,240 --> 00:02:16,200 'Already some of his students had been summoned before the House Un-American Activities Committee 21 00:02:16,200 --> 00:02:22,000 'investigating alleged Communist penetration of the war-time weapons project at Berkeley. 22 00:02:23,280 --> 00:02:25,680 'On the 7th June 1949, 23 00:02:25,680 --> 00:02:30,160 'Oppenheimer was summoned before a closed session of the Committee. 24 00:02:40,360 --> 00:02:47,400 'With him, acting as adviser, was the chief counsel for the Atomic Energy Commission, Joseph Volpe.' 25 00:02:47,400 --> 00:02:51,200 The Committee wish me to emphasise that in asking you to attend, 26 00:02:51,200 --> 00:02:58,720 it is not seeking to embarrass a man of your stature whose loyalty has been vouched for many times. 27 00:02:58,720 --> 00:03:00,600 As you see, we've made this 28 00:03:00,600 --> 00:03:04,640 a closed session to avoid any unfortunate publicity 29 00:03:04,640 --> 00:03:07,320 Now...Doctor... 30 00:03:07,320 --> 00:03:14,120 You are probably acquainted with the case involving George Charles Eltenton and Haakon Chevalier. 31 00:03:14,120 --> 00:03:16,560 I am familiar with some aspects. 32 00:03:16,560 --> 00:03:19,480 Would you tell the Committee JUST what you know? 33 00:03:20,920 --> 00:03:25,920 It was, I think, the end of '42 or the beginning of '43 that a friend, Haakon Chevalier, 34 00:03:25,920 --> 00:03:28,560 in a conversation at my home in Berkeley, 35 00:03:28,560 --> 00:03:34,040 mentioned a man called Eltenton who claimed to be able to contact the Soviet government. 36 00:03:35,240 --> 00:03:38,360 Dr Chevalier was clearly confused and embarrassed 37 00:03:38,360 --> 00:03:43,440 and I told him, most violently, to have nothing to do with it. 38 00:03:43,440 --> 00:03:47,400 I should emphasise, Chevalier didn't ask me for ANY information. 39 00:03:47,400 --> 00:03:48,440 I see. 40 00:03:48,440 --> 00:03:51,080 This Chevalier... 41 00:03:51,080 --> 00:03:55,000 Were you at ALL acquainted with his views on communism? 42 00:03:55,000 --> 00:03:59,880 Well, I know he had contacts with all kinds of radical organisations, 43 00:03:59,880 --> 00:04:02,320 he was interested in left-wing writers. 44 00:04:02,320 --> 00:04:05,040 But all in pre-war days. 45 00:04:05,040 --> 00:04:07,120 Dr Oppenheimer, may I ask, 46 00:04:07,120 --> 00:04:11,280 did you report this conversation to any security officers? 47 00:04:11,280 --> 00:04:12,640 I did, 48 00:04:12,640 --> 00:04:15,160 first to the security officers at Berkeley, 49 00:04:15,160 --> 00:04:18,720 second to Colonel Lansdale, and third to General Groves. 50 00:04:18,720 --> 00:04:20,040 Thank you, sir. 51 00:04:20,040 --> 00:04:21,760 Now, Doctor, 52 00:04:21,760 --> 00:04:26,280 I realise this will be difficult for you, but 53 00:04:26,280 --> 00:04:29,920 I'd like to ask some questions concerning your brother, Frank. 54 00:04:31,440 --> 00:04:35,200 Is he currently a member of the Communist Party? 55 00:04:36,520 --> 00:04:39,440 To my knowledge, he is not. 56 00:04:39,440 --> 00:04:42,560 Has he ever BEEN a member of the Communist Party? 57 00:04:50,920 --> 00:04:55,880 Mr Chairman, I ask you not to pursue these questions about my brother. 58 00:04:55,880 --> 00:04:59,240 If they are important to you, you can ask him. 59 00:04:59,240 --> 00:05:02,840 I will answer if asked, but beg you not to press this. 60 00:05:06,560 --> 00:05:08,720 I withdraw the question. 61 00:05:08,720 --> 00:05:13,240 And I think, Dr Oppenheimer, that is all I have to ask you. 62 00:05:13,240 --> 00:05:14,680 Before we adjourn, 63 00:05:14,680 --> 00:05:18,840 I'd like to say, and I'm sure I speak for all who are here, 64 00:05:18,840 --> 00:05:22,040 I have noted for sometime Dr Oppenheimer's work 65 00:05:22,040 --> 00:05:25,520 and I think we have all been VERY impressed by him 66 00:05:25,520 --> 00:05:28,400 and are mighty glad to have him in the position 67 00:05:28,400 --> 00:05:30,760 he has in our atomic programme. 68 00:05:30,760 --> 00:05:32,000 Thank you. 69 00:05:44,320 --> 00:05:47,240 How'd I do, Joe? Beautiful! Be-a-ut-i-ful!! 70 00:05:47,240 --> 00:05:50,680 Nice words from the Congressman. Useful guy to have in our corner. 71 00:05:50,680 --> 00:05:52,360 WHAT corner? 72 00:05:54,360 --> 00:05:56,520 We did all right. We did! 73 00:05:56,520 --> 00:05:59,720 You're one fish they're afraid to fry. What? 74 00:06:01,480 --> 00:06:03,080 Oh, it's still a lousy thing. 75 00:06:03,080 --> 00:06:06,600 You know, in England they'd be giving you a knighthood. Here... 76 00:06:08,800 --> 00:06:09,960 Come and have lunch. 77 00:06:09,960 --> 00:06:11,920 Can't, I'm meeting my wife. 78 00:06:11,920 --> 00:06:14,840 Going straight to a GAC meeting. Tough one? 79 00:06:14,840 --> 00:06:20,400 Strauss and the continuing saga of the radio-isotope - Chapter 99. 80 00:06:20,400 --> 00:06:23,040 What's his beef? He's got the security bug. 81 00:06:23,040 --> 00:06:25,440 Clamp-down on everything. However ridiculous. 82 00:06:25,440 --> 00:06:26,880 Be nice to Strauss, Robert. 83 00:06:27,880 --> 00:06:29,720 He's an important man. 84 00:06:31,080 --> 00:06:34,200 All right, so are you! But take it easy. 85 00:06:34,200 --> 00:06:35,480 Right? 86 00:06:36,560 --> 00:06:38,920 Thank you. My pleasure. 87 00:06:44,360 --> 00:06:46,520 Was it rough? No. 88 00:06:49,040 --> 00:06:51,320 They were gentlemen. It's a goddamned nerve. 89 00:06:51,320 --> 00:06:55,200 Those punks! One of them even gave a little speech! Terrific! 90 00:06:55,200 --> 00:06:57,920 Can we go up to Princeton now? 91 00:06:57,920 --> 00:06:59,280 I've got an AEC meeting. 92 00:07:00,560 --> 00:07:03,480 Four hours of Lewis Strauss. 93 00:07:06,600 --> 00:07:09,040 Do you have anything to do? 94 00:07:09,040 --> 00:07:10,600 Shopping. 95 00:07:12,040 --> 00:07:13,680 What for? 96 00:07:13,680 --> 00:07:15,240 Sheets. 97 00:07:15,240 --> 00:07:17,160 Do we need sheets? 98 00:07:17,160 --> 00:07:18,640 I've no idea. 99 00:07:23,040 --> 00:07:25,680 I was just thinking. 100 00:07:25,680 --> 00:07:27,640 Lewis Strauss! 101 00:07:27,640 --> 00:07:29,440 And what is more, Gentlemen, 102 00:07:29,440 --> 00:07:35,520 I have secret information that at least one Norwegian to whom we propose shipping isotopes 103 00:07:35,520 --> 00:07:37,920 is an open member of the Communist Party. 104 00:07:38,960 --> 00:07:40,480 You can laugh! 105 00:07:40,480 --> 00:07:43,120 Just thinking, it's bad enough the guy's foreign! 106 00:07:44,520 --> 00:07:47,440 I am not being taken seriously. Admiral Strauss, 107 00:07:47,440 --> 00:07:51,080 we have tried to explain. Don't patronise me. 108 00:07:51,080 --> 00:07:55,400 For Christ's sake! These isotopes have no military use whatsoever. 109 00:07:55,400 --> 00:07:59,680 They're used in medicine, industry. This fuss is ridiculous. Gentlemen! 110 00:07:59,680 --> 00:08:03,240 I doubt we've calmed your fears at all? 111 00:08:03,240 --> 00:08:04,840 You have not. 112 00:08:04,840 --> 00:08:06,480 I didn't think so, but... 113 00:08:06,480 --> 00:08:12,360 The Atomic Energy Commission's exported these isotopes for two years without any problem. 114 00:08:12,360 --> 00:08:15,560 I think you're beating a dead horse. 115 00:08:15,560 --> 00:08:17,320 May be dead. Won't lie down. 116 00:08:18,840 --> 00:08:23,000 I've decided to air this matter at the Committee on Atomic Energy. 117 00:08:23,920 --> 00:08:26,880 Robert, as Chairman of this General Advisory Committee, 118 00:08:26,880 --> 00:08:29,920 I've asked that you be called to appear before it. 119 00:08:31,960 --> 00:08:34,760 May I ask when I might be expected to attend? 120 00:08:34,760 --> 00:08:37,800 You certainly may. Tuesday at 11 o'clock. 121 00:08:40,360 --> 00:08:43,520 Now, if there's nothing further? No, that's it. 122 00:08:43,520 --> 00:08:44,880 Good day, gentlemen. 123 00:08:52,760 --> 00:08:55,200 See why we made you chairman! 124 00:08:55,200 --> 00:08:58,400 Through the war I had to baby Groves, now it's Strauss, 125 00:08:58,400 --> 00:09:01,240 there's no end. You've got to suffer fools gladly. 126 00:09:01,240 --> 00:09:02,760 I'm suffering. 127 00:09:03,920 --> 00:09:07,920 Same day as Frank goes before the Un-American Activities Committee, 128 00:09:07,920 --> 00:09:10,120 the brothers Oppenheimer. 129 00:09:11,640 --> 00:09:13,760 What a circus! 130 00:09:18,560 --> 00:09:22,600 Your contention, Dr Oppenheimer, is that with these... 131 00:09:22,600 --> 00:09:25,640 ...these...er...radio-isotopes... 132 00:09:25,640 --> 00:09:29,560 ..um...just exactly what IS a radio-isotope? 133 00:09:29,560 --> 00:09:32,960 Very simply it's the product of a nuclear reactor. 134 00:09:32,960 --> 00:09:36,320 I see - nuclear reactor. 135 00:09:36,320 --> 00:09:38,760 And your contention is that 136 00:09:38,760 --> 00:09:42,320 there is no danger to national security in sending 137 00:09:42,320 --> 00:09:44,960 these isotopes abroad? Yes. 138 00:09:46,080 --> 00:09:49,640 And you would characterise such fears as...? 139 00:09:49,640 --> 00:09:50,960 Foolish. 140 00:09:50,960 --> 00:09:52,960 A RIPPLE THROUGH THE AUDIENCE 141 00:09:54,680 --> 00:09:56,280 Foolish. 142 00:09:56,280 --> 00:09:59,080 Doctor, would you care to tell the Committee 143 00:09:59,080 --> 00:10:04,120 what use these radio-isotopes would have to the people we're sending them to? 144 00:10:05,080 --> 00:10:07,280 They are research tools. 145 00:10:07,280 --> 00:10:10,720 Medical research, Industrial, scientific. 146 00:10:10,720 --> 00:10:13,760 Could they be used to create atomic energy? 147 00:10:14,680 --> 00:10:20,360 No-one can force me to say that you cannot use these isotopes to produce atomic energy. 148 00:10:20,360 --> 00:10:25,240 You can use a shovel for atomic energy or a bottle of beer 149 00:10:25,240 --> 00:10:26,920 for atomic energy. 150 00:10:29,120 --> 00:10:31,080 But to suggest that 151 00:10:31,080 --> 00:10:36,240 to export these radio-isotopes would somehow encourage foreign governments 152 00:10:36,240 --> 00:10:40,400 to start manufacturing atom bombs in their back yards... 153 00:10:40,400 --> 00:10:41,440 AUDIENCE LAUGHS 154 00:10:43,040 --> 00:10:45,200 Well, Doctor, for the record., 155 00:10:45,200 --> 00:10:47,440 just what, in your view, 156 00:10:47,440 --> 00:10:51,920 is the precise, strategic military value of these isotopes? 157 00:10:51,920 --> 00:10:54,240 In my view, 158 00:10:54,240 --> 00:10:59,120 they're somewhat less important than electronic devices, and 159 00:10:59,120 --> 00:11:03,040 somewhat more important than a bottle of vitamins. 160 00:11:06,200 --> 00:11:08,440 Well...I think that's all. 161 00:11:08,440 --> 00:11:10,480 Thank you for attending. 162 00:11:29,240 --> 00:11:32,760 How'd I do this time? Too well, Robert, too well. 163 00:11:32,760 --> 00:11:34,920 I'm tired of playing games. 164 00:11:35,840 --> 00:11:37,600 Wonder how Frank's doing? 165 00:11:37,600 --> 00:11:38,800 Better than this, I hope. 166 00:11:41,040 --> 00:11:43,120 Professor Oppenheimer... 167 00:11:44,120 --> 00:11:47,280 ...I remind you that you are on oath. 168 00:11:47,280 --> 00:11:48,600 Yes, sir. 169 00:11:48,600 --> 00:11:51,440 Do you understand that? 170 00:11:51,440 --> 00:11:52,640 I do. 171 00:11:55,320 --> 00:11:57,920 Frank Friedman Oppenheimer, 172 00:11:57,920 --> 00:12:00,240 are you a member of the Communist Party? 173 00:12:06,640 --> 00:12:08,120 No, sir. 174 00:12:08,120 --> 00:12:11,520 Have you ever been a member of the Communist Party? 175 00:12:13,360 --> 00:12:14,400 Yes, sir. 176 00:12:19,880 --> 00:12:21,120 I didn't hear that. 177 00:12:22,600 --> 00:12:23,720 Yes. 178 00:12:24,640 --> 00:12:26,640 I WAS... 179 00:12:26,640 --> 00:12:28,480 ..a member. 180 00:12:41,440 --> 00:12:43,600 Anything to say about the University of Minnesota? 181 00:12:44,760 --> 00:12:46,560 You didn't know, Frank? 182 00:12:46,560 --> 00:12:48,080 They've accepted your resignation. 183 00:13:17,920 --> 00:13:19,840 They really stuck it in to you. 184 00:13:19,840 --> 00:13:22,840 This makes things very difficult for Robert. 185 00:13:22,840 --> 00:13:25,160 I don't believe I heard that. 186 00:13:25,160 --> 00:13:27,560 It'll be difficult for us, Kitty. 187 00:13:27,560 --> 00:13:29,040 It's Frank's fault. Frank? 188 00:13:29,040 --> 00:13:33,440 He was asked that two years ago. He lied, so they dump him now. 189 00:13:33,440 --> 00:13:35,600 Jesus Christ! All right... 190 00:13:35,600 --> 00:13:37,280 ..but it could threaten Robert's position. 191 00:13:37,280 --> 00:13:39,760 It's already destroyed Frank's. 192 00:13:39,760 --> 00:13:42,040 I'm not talking about a professorship. 193 00:13:42,040 --> 00:13:45,760 Kitty, one thing I've always wanted to say... Come on, Kitty. 194 00:13:47,320 --> 00:13:48,600 Let's not bicker. 195 00:13:52,360 --> 00:13:54,600 Let's go see the children, Kitty. 196 00:14:06,160 --> 00:14:08,120 I hope it doesn't do you harm. 197 00:14:09,320 --> 00:14:12,040 I should have done more for you. 198 00:14:12,040 --> 00:14:15,280 What? What could you do? 199 00:14:15,280 --> 00:14:17,520 I don't know. 200 00:14:17,520 --> 00:14:18,920 Talk to some people. 201 00:14:18,920 --> 00:14:21,920 No, you couldn't risk your position. 202 00:14:21,920 --> 00:14:23,720 Can you get another job? 203 00:14:24,760 --> 00:14:26,360 What do you think! 204 00:14:26,360 --> 00:14:27,400 What'll you do? 205 00:14:29,320 --> 00:14:32,040 We thought we'd get a place out west. 206 00:14:32,040 --> 00:14:33,680 Raise sheep. 207 00:14:33,680 --> 00:14:35,640 Frank, you're a physicist. 208 00:14:35,640 --> 00:14:37,200 Not any more! 209 00:14:40,320 --> 00:14:42,320 When they were working me over... 210 00:14:42,320 --> 00:14:44,320 ...that committee... 211 00:14:45,880 --> 00:14:48,880 ...I suddenly felt glad. 212 00:14:48,880 --> 00:14:50,680 I felt relieved. 213 00:14:50,680 --> 00:14:53,440 It was over. 214 00:14:53,440 --> 00:14:56,160 They'd finally caught up with me. 215 00:14:57,760 --> 00:15:00,800 I don't have to worry any more. 216 00:15:14,840 --> 00:15:17,520 It was a B-29 - Regular flight. 217 00:15:17,520 --> 00:15:18,640 Sea of Japan. 218 00:15:18,640 --> 00:15:20,560 This is the sample analysis. 219 00:15:23,080 --> 00:15:26,200 Sorry I'm late, General. Oppy, Rabi. 220 00:15:27,320 --> 00:15:29,680 We sent out more flights immediately. 221 00:15:29,680 --> 00:15:33,600 Here we picked up ten times the count rate of the original. 222 00:15:33,600 --> 00:15:35,120 Here 19 times. Here 13. 223 00:15:38,680 --> 00:15:40,720 These are the filter papers. 224 00:15:48,360 --> 00:15:51,040 GEIGER COUNTER CHATTERS 225 00:15:58,720 --> 00:16:01,280 More readings about the same. 226 00:16:01,280 --> 00:16:03,560 There's no doubt, is there? 227 00:16:03,560 --> 00:16:06,600 We wondered if it was traces of ours? 228 00:16:06,600 --> 00:16:11,040 No, this is significant radio-activity. In the wrong place. 229 00:16:11,040 --> 00:16:13,280 Where exactly was it? 230 00:16:13,280 --> 00:16:15,800 Sea of Japan, day before yesterday. 231 00:16:15,800 --> 00:16:20,000 If these were taken yesterday, the test was four days before that? 232 00:16:20,000 --> 00:16:21,520 About that. 233 00:16:21,520 --> 00:16:24,080 The President's informed? Through Admiral Strauss. 234 00:16:25,440 --> 00:16:29,480 Is your business important here? It can wait. Come back to Princeton. 235 00:16:31,240 --> 00:16:32,760 Thank you, General. 236 00:16:35,240 --> 00:16:37,360 I'll stick with it here, Oppy. 237 00:16:44,760 --> 00:16:47,360 We knew they'd get it some day. 238 00:16:47,360 --> 00:16:48,720 Not this soon. 239 00:16:48,720 --> 00:16:51,160 They had the know-how to build the bomb and 240 00:16:51,160 --> 00:16:54,840 evidently the industrial capacity. We shouldn't be surprised. 241 00:16:55,960 --> 00:16:57,880 It's not us that worries me. 242 00:16:57,880 --> 00:17:02,240 Who? The President, Congress, the whole country. 243 00:17:03,400 --> 00:17:05,600 There could be a panic over this. 244 00:17:05,600 --> 00:17:08,880 They thought they had a monopoly for years. Well, they did. 245 00:17:08,880 --> 00:17:09,920 Four years! 246 00:17:09,920 --> 00:17:12,040 It's this damn secrecy mania. 247 00:17:12,040 --> 00:17:14,600 No informed debate. Take it easy. 248 00:17:14,600 --> 00:17:17,280 Panic and ignorance. It's a great combination. 249 00:17:18,520 --> 00:17:20,680 TELEPHONE RINGS 250 00:17:22,160 --> 00:17:24,160 Yes? 251 00:17:24,160 --> 00:17:25,480 This is he. 252 00:17:26,760 --> 00:17:29,440 No, it's not a rumour. Confirmed. 253 00:17:31,520 --> 00:17:33,840 Edward, I haven't had a chance. 254 00:17:35,160 --> 00:17:36,360 No. 255 00:17:37,760 --> 00:17:40,720 Look, just keep your shirt on. 256 00:17:42,600 --> 00:17:43,640 No. 257 00:17:45,680 --> 00:17:47,040 No. 258 00:17:49,160 --> 00:17:51,520 OK. 259 00:17:51,520 --> 00:17:53,360 Goodbye. 260 00:17:53,360 --> 00:17:54,520 Teller? 261 00:17:54,520 --> 00:17:57,040 He knows? Yes. 262 00:17:57,040 --> 00:17:58,520 Very excited. 263 00:17:58,520 --> 00:18:00,920 Of course, this is his big chance. 264 00:18:00,920 --> 00:18:05,480 His first words were, did I think this justified a crash programme on the Super? 265 00:18:07,040 --> 00:18:08,080 I told him... 266 00:18:08,080 --> 00:18:09,560 'Keep your shirt on.' 267 00:18:10,680 --> 00:18:13,000 Fat chance. 268 00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:15,240 Good of you to come, Dr Teller. 269 00:18:15,240 --> 00:18:18,560 Secretary of the Air Force, Mr Finletter. 270 00:18:18,560 --> 00:18:22,560 Senator Knowland, Joint Committee on Atomic Energy 271 00:18:22,560 --> 00:18:24,320 Find yourself a chair, Doctor. 272 00:18:25,840 --> 00:18:31,640 I thought it a good idea in the present emergency for us to meet informally. 273 00:18:31,640 --> 00:18:36,360 Get the benefit of Dr Teller's advice and expertise. I could sure use some. 274 00:18:36,360 --> 00:18:39,080 This Russian test knocked me sideways. 275 00:18:39,080 --> 00:18:43,040 Mail from my constituents - never seen so much. They're afraid. 276 00:18:43,040 --> 00:18:46,880 I'm sure we all agree the Russian move demands a swift response. 277 00:18:46,880 --> 00:18:51,720 All right - a response, but what kind of response? What can we do? 278 00:18:51,720 --> 00:18:52,760 Doctor? 279 00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:58,160 There is no question in my mind. 280 00:18:58,160 --> 00:19:01,760 We must immediately make a huge effort to develop the hydrogen. 281 00:19:03,560 --> 00:19:06,440 Now this hydrogen, this is the Super bomb, is it? 282 00:19:06,440 --> 00:19:07,920 It is called that too. 283 00:19:07,920 --> 00:19:12,560 All right - now, can you give some idea of this thing? What is it? 284 00:19:15,160 --> 00:19:16,560 Now, look... 285 00:19:16,560 --> 00:19:22,200 if we're asked to vote money for this in the Senate, it would help to know what the hell it was. 286 00:19:22,200 --> 00:19:26,120 Well, I think we've a matter of classified information here, Bill. 287 00:19:28,240 --> 00:19:31,160 All right - but at least give me some idea. 288 00:19:31,160 --> 00:19:34,640 What's the scale of the hydrogen? Bigger than the atomic? 289 00:19:34,640 --> 00:19:37,920 Of course. How much bigger? Ten times? 290 00:19:37,920 --> 00:19:39,000 20? 291 00:19:40,040 --> 00:19:41,080 50? 292 00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:44,680 100? 293 00:19:45,760 --> 00:19:51,120 Are you telling me these things are 100 times more powerful than the atomic bomb? 294 00:19:51,120 --> 00:19:53,960 Than the Hiroshima bomb? 295 00:19:53,960 --> 00:19:56,040 Yes, certainly. 296 00:19:56,040 --> 00:19:59,920 We see no limit to its destructive power. 297 00:20:01,560 --> 00:20:04,440 That's not for general circulation. 298 00:20:04,440 --> 00:20:07,920 Good God, what if the Russians got hold of one? 299 00:20:07,920 --> 00:20:09,120 And we don't. 300 00:20:09,120 --> 00:20:10,160 Right. 301 00:20:11,560 --> 00:20:14,960 All right. I'm convinced. We need this - pronto! 302 00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:19,160 What's the problem? Let's get at it. 303 00:20:19,160 --> 00:20:22,080 It's not as simple as all that. 304 00:20:22,080 --> 00:20:27,240 You see, first it has to go before the AEC's General Advisory Committee. 305 00:20:27,240 --> 00:20:29,720 And they'll make a recommendation to the President. 306 00:20:29,720 --> 00:20:31,720 That's the Oppenheimer Committee? 307 00:20:33,760 --> 00:20:38,240 The GAC contains several, equally distinguished scientists. 308 00:20:38,240 --> 00:20:43,840 Rabi, Fermi, Manley... Come now, Doctor, Oppy runs it. 309 00:20:43,840 --> 00:20:46,640 Where does he stand on this? 310 00:20:46,640 --> 00:20:47,680 Lewis? 311 00:20:50,320 --> 00:20:51,360 Doctor? 312 00:20:54,840 --> 00:20:59,120 One is never quite sure where Oppy stands. 313 00:21:00,320 --> 00:21:01,760 Is this all? 314 00:21:01,760 --> 00:21:04,960 I think Fermi's coming How about Seaborg? 315 00:21:04,960 --> 00:21:07,880 He had to go to Sweden. So we don't know his views? 316 00:21:07,880 --> 00:21:10,360 He sent a letter. I'm trying to find it. 317 00:21:11,440 --> 00:21:12,680 I'm sorry. Fermi. 318 00:21:14,920 --> 00:21:19,680 I've been trying to find it. I don't think it was very helpful. 319 00:21:22,160 --> 00:21:24,360 Gentlemen, 320 00:21:24,360 --> 00:21:29,440 as Chairman of the General Advisory Committee I've been asked by the AEC Commissioners 321 00:21:29,440 --> 00:21:35,000 to obtain the Committee's views on whether, in the light of the Soviet atomic test, 322 00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:40,120 our country should embark on a crash programme leading directly to the production of a Super 323 00:21:40,120 --> 00:21:41,400 or hydrogen bomb. 324 00:21:43,600 --> 00:21:47,800 It's a lousy subject and a lousy job but we have to do it. 325 00:21:47,800 --> 00:21:51,680 Right, let's start with the present status of the Super. 326 00:21:51,680 --> 00:21:56,280 If we go for a crash programme what are the chances of success? Enrico? 327 00:21:56,280 --> 00:21:58,320 The present status... 328 00:21:58,320 --> 00:22:01,040 I've looked at Teller's recent work and am unimpressed. 329 00:22:01,040 --> 00:22:03,520 The design is unwieldy, possibly grotesque. 330 00:22:03,520 --> 00:22:05,880 Chances of success I put at no more than 50%. 331 00:22:05,880 --> 00:22:09,080 Second point, with the design they're working on now, 332 00:22:09,080 --> 00:22:10,800 there's a real delivery problem. 333 00:22:10,800 --> 00:22:13,920 How do they get it to the target? No plane on earth could lift it. 334 00:22:13,920 --> 00:22:15,040 Rockets? 335 00:22:15,040 --> 00:22:18,760 It's a monstrous contraption. The refrigeration system is huge. 336 00:22:18,760 --> 00:22:23,880 Well, that's absurd. We're being asked to divert resources from a successful weapons programme 337 00:22:23,880 --> 00:22:28,200 to feed some project we don't even know has a chance. OK, but 338 00:22:28,200 --> 00:22:31,000 the Commissioners feel, and the President feels, 339 00:22:31,000 --> 00:22:34,880 and I guess I feel there should be a response to the Soviet test. 340 00:22:34,880 --> 00:22:37,920 All right, Oppy, but there's an appropriate response and there's a 341 00:22:37,920 --> 00:22:39,400 hysterical response. 342 00:22:39,400 --> 00:22:43,720 And I just resent Teller trying to stampede us into his pet project. 343 00:22:43,720 --> 00:22:45,480 I hear he's been in Washington. 344 00:22:45,480 --> 00:22:48,400 Sure - talking to the Joint Chiefs hustling round the Senate. 345 00:22:48,400 --> 00:22:53,040 Quite a bit of marketing he's doing. Come on, it's not just Edward. 346 00:22:53,040 --> 00:22:54,840 There's Lawrence, Alvarez. 347 00:22:54,840 --> 00:22:58,880 All right - all those Californians. 348 00:22:58,880 --> 00:23:02,360 Sure, I believe in a response. 349 00:23:02,360 --> 00:23:04,920 We should beef up our fission bomb programme. 350 00:23:04,920 --> 00:23:07,960 We're way ahead of the Russians, and we can stay ahead. 351 00:23:07,960 --> 00:23:11,360 With weapons we know about, and know we can deliver them. 352 00:23:11,360 --> 00:23:14,840 I mean, what would we DO with one of these hydrogen bombs? 353 00:23:14,840 --> 00:23:19,080 What's their capability? They're talking of a megaton. 354 00:23:20,040 --> 00:23:24,400 We've already got a 500,000 tonne fission bomb in the works. 355 00:23:24,400 --> 00:23:28,840 And a target for a megaton bomb? Is there a city that big in Russia? 356 00:23:28,840 --> 00:23:31,080 Moscow? Leningrad? 357 00:23:31,080 --> 00:23:32,680 I think Leningrad's too small. 358 00:23:32,680 --> 00:23:35,840 Leningrad and suburbs. 359 00:23:35,840 --> 00:23:38,880 The truth is, the goddamned truth is, 360 00:23:38,880 --> 00:23:43,560 we're the ones with the really tempting targets. 361 00:23:43,560 --> 00:23:46,520 New York, Chicago, Los Angeles. 362 00:23:46,520 --> 00:23:48,560 Think what Teller could do to LA. 363 00:23:48,560 --> 00:23:50,880 What are you saying? 364 00:23:50,880 --> 00:23:56,680 I'm saying that for our own safety we should be awfully careful about giving a lead here. 365 00:23:56,680 --> 00:23:59,600 The Russians built an A-bomb because we built one. 366 00:23:59,600 --> 00:24:01,760 If we build a hydrogen... 367 00:24:01,760 --> 00:24:04,320 Is the converse true? 368 00:24:04,320 --> 00:24:10,680 If we refrain from building the hydrogen, would the Russians be encouraged to also refrain? 369 00:24:10,680 --> 00:24:12,800 I think they'd like to refrain. 370 00:24:12,800 --> 00:24:17,840 The A-bomb must have broken them. I can't think they'd want to spend what it'll take to make the Super. 371 00:24:18,960 --> 00:24:20,920 But will they refrain? 372 00:24:21,920 --> 00:24:23,840 If we set an example? 373 00:24:23,840 --> 00:24:25,720 It's unknown territory. 374 00:24:28,200 --> 00:24:35,040 There's one area we haven't gone into. I don't know if you'll want to go into the... 375 00:24:35,040 --> 00:24:37,360 ...morality of this thing. 376 00:24:38,800 --> 00:24:41,880 We all had something to do with creating the atom bomb. 377 00:24:41,880 --> 00:24:44,160 Some more than others. 378 00:24:44,160 --> 00:24:49,360 As I recall, the question of morality wasn't raised much before Hiroshima. 379 00:24:49,360 --> 00:24:52,160 It was wartime. 380 00:24:52,160 --> 00:24:53,920 It was... 381 00:24:56,880 --> 00:25:01,360 Anyway, I wouldn't like to think that it was passed over this time. 382 00:25:08,840 --> 00:25:11,040 Perhaps it's inappropriate. 383 00:25:13,440 --> 00:25:15,600 Enrico? 384 00:25:15,600 --> 00:25:18,320 I'm sorry, I was... 385 00:25:18,320 --> 00:25:21,240 ..with your question. "Would the Russians refrain?" 386 00:25:22,320 --> 00:25:27,320 You all know I have very little faith in the good intentions of the Soviets, but... 387 00:25:27,320 --> 00:25:29,640 I hate the idea of this weapon. 388 00:25:29,640 --> 00:25:31,120 It's wrong. 389 00:25:31,120 --> 00:25:34,040 It's inhuman. It's evil. 390 00:25:34,040 --> 00:25:36,960 In California I heard a new word. 391 00:25:36,960 --> 00:25:38,360 Megadeath. 392 00:25:39,360 --> 00:25:41,840 One million human lives. 393 00:25:41,840 --> 00:25:44,480 They talk of a one megadeath bomb, two megadeath... 394 00:25:44,480 --> 00:25:49,480 I would never want to see this country take the initiative in making such a vile weapon. 395 00:25:50,720 --> 00:25:54,080 It may be optimistic, but if there's a chance that 396 00:25:54,080 --> 00:25:57,640 by not building this thing we can influence the Russians, 397 00:25:57,640 --> 00:25:59,640 I would rather take that gamble. 398 00:25:59,640 --> 00:26:01,760 Rather that than 'megadeath'. 399 00:26:04,880 --> 00:26:09,000 Then we feel we should not recommend a crash programme? 400 00:26:09,000 --> 00:26:10,040 Right! 401 00:26:12,800 --> 00:26:14,280 I'm glad. 402 00:26:14,280 --> 00:26:18,040 If it'd gone the other way, I would have resigned. 403 00:26:18,040 --> 00:26:20,400 It won't be a popular recommendation. 404 00:26:24,920 --> 00:26:26,680 It's incredible. 405 00:26:26,680 --> 00:26:28,520 Absolutely incredible. 406 00:26:28,520 --> 00:26:32,280 How can intelligent men put their names to this? 407 00:26:33,280 --> 00:26:35,920 "In determining not to build the Super bomb, 408 00:26:35,920 --> 00:26:39,240 "we see a unique opportunity, of providing 409 00:26:39,240 --> 00:26:41,640 "some limitations on the totality of war 410 00:26:41,640 --> 00:26:45,880 "and thus of eliminating fear and arousing the hope in mankind." 411 00:26:45,880 --> 00:26:49,320 Imagine Uncle Joe's face when he reads that...and he will. 412 00:26:50,520 --> 00:26:52,520 Well, I guess it's idealism. 413 00:26:52,520 --> 00:26:53,800 I HOPE it's idealism. 414 00:26:54,760 --> 00:26:56,320 Careful, David. 415 00:26:56,320 --> 00:26:57,360 What do you think? 416 00:26:58,600 --> 00:27:00,920 I think they've got no guts. 417 00:27:00,920 --> 00:27:06,320 I think they want to play being saints. I think they're ageing men who've had their day and... 418 00:27:06,320 --> 00:27:08,720 ...that's all. 419 00:27:08,720 --> 00:27:11,560 God! If the Russians build a Super and we don't... 420 00:27:11,560 --> 00:27:14,680 We will - I intend to fight this all the way. 421 00:27:14,680 --> 00:27:17,680 What about the other Commissioners? 422 00:27:17,680 --> 00:27:19,720 I don't know. 423 00:27:19,720 --> 00:27:21,680 Well, you've got one ally. 424 00:27:21,680 --> 00:27:23,120 The Air Force? 425 00:27:23,120 --> 00:27:24,200 All the way. 426 00:27:25,720 --> 00:27:28,240 At least the language is pretty. 427 00:27:28,240 --> 00:27:29,880 Oppenheimer? 428 00:27:29,880 --> 00:27:31,080 Who else? 429 00:27:31,080 --> 00:27:32,120 KNOCK AT DOOR 430 00:27:33,640 --> 00:27:36,080 Ah! Bill! 431 00:27:36,080 --> 00:27:39,040 Now you're two fellows who ought to know each other. 432 00:27:39,040 --> 00:27:41,280 Dave Griggs, scientific adviser, the Air Force. 433 00:27:41,280 --> 00:27:44,040 Bill Borden, Joint Atomic Energy Committee. 434 00:27:44,040 --> 00:27:46,800 A fine committee. I think we're realists. 435 00:27:46,800 --> 00:27:48,280 Praise be! 436 00:27:48,280 --> 00:27:50,920 I must go, Lewis. Keep in touch. 437 00:28:02,240 --> 00:28:04,840 I'm afraid I interrupted you. 438 00:28:04,840 --> 00:28:07,320 The cares of an AEC Commissioner! 439 00:28:07,320 --> 00:28:09,800 I'm not sure how I can help you... 440 00:28:09,800 --> 00:28:14,680 Well, sir, ever since Mr Truman called for a greater tightening up of security procedures, 441 00:28:14,680 --> 00:28:18,680 it seemed to me this was an area I'd been neglecting. 442 00:28:18,680 --> 00:28:20,200 I see. 443 00:28:20,200 --> 00:28:22,520 Naturally, I'm all in favour. 444 00:28:22,520 --> 00:28:27,240 But I think that here at the AEC we run a pretty tight ship. 445 00:28:27,240 --> 00:28:30,840 Presumably you have your quota of sensitive cases? 446 00:28:30,840 --> 00:28:31,880 Yes, one or two. 447 00:28:33,880 --> 00:28:36,600 I hoped I could count on your co-operation. 448 00:28:36,600 --> 00:28:38,600 You've got it, you've got it! 449 00:28:38,600 --> 00:28:41,160 I was just wondering where you should begin. 450 00:28:42,920 --> 00:28:44,640 Why not at the top? 451 00:28:44,640 --> 00:28:45,920 I'm sorry? 452 00:28:45,920 --> 00:28:47,840 Do you know Robert Oppenheimer? 453 00:28:47,840 --> 00:28:51,120 I saw him when he appeared before our committee - I was impressed. 454 00:28:51,120 --> 00:28:53,800 Yes, he IS impressive, isn't he? 455 00:28:53,800 --> 00:28:56,360 I have a great deal of respect for Robert 456 00:28:56,360 --> 00:28:59,520 and he's a close friend. I got him his job at Princeton. 457 00:28:59,520 --> 00:29:00,640 A remarkable man. 458 00:29:02,520 --> 00:29:05,160 Is HE a sensitive case? 459 00:29:05,160 --> 00:29:07,920 Well, yes, there is a file on him. 460 00:29:07,920 --> 00:29:12,400 He had quite a few unfortunate friends before the war. 461 00:29:12,400 --> 00:29:14,120 He's been cleared presumably? 462 00:29:14,120 --> 00:29:16,280 Oh, surely, many times. 463 00:29:16,280 --> 00:29:19,160 Perhaps that wouldn't interest you after all? 464 00:29:20,200 --> 00:29:22,680 No, I think he might. 465 00:29:22,680 --> 00:29:24,240 It'd be somewhere to start anyway. 466 00:29:25,640 --> 00:29:28,520 Right! Why don't I have his file sent up here? 467 00:29:28,520 --> 00:29:30,560 I couldn't do that. No, no. 468 00:29:30,560 --> 00:29:33,960 I don't use this office very much. Feel free. 469 00:29:33,960 --> 00:29:37,400 I've asked a colleague to help me. That's all right, we like to 470 00:29:37,400 --> 00:29:40,280 co-operate with Congress at the AEC. 471 00:29:40,280 --> 00:29:42,400 You might start right there. 472 00:29:43,680 --> 00:29:47,840 It's the Advisory Committee's recommendations on the H-bomb. 473 00:29:47,840 --> 00:29:50,120 Oppenheimer is the chairman. 474 00:30:10,920 --> 00:30:13,480 I hear we locked into an office. 475 00:30:13,480 --> 00:30:16,400 They're sending up Robert Oppenheimer's file. 476 00:30:16,400 --> 00:30:18,120 I'd like you to read that. 477 00:30:29,880 --> 00:30:31,880 That's some file! 478 00:30:33,760 --> 00:30:35,440 I've heard enough! 479 00:30:35,440 --> 00:30:37,120 Yes, all right. 480 00:30:37,120 --> 00:30:40,040 All right, in the kitchen. Hello, Joe! 481 00:30:41,640 --> 00:30:43,240 What is it? What's going on? 482 00:30:45,200 --> 00:30:47,200 Go upstairs. 483 00:30:47,200 --> 00:30:49,200 Upstairs! UPSTAIRS! 484 00:30:49,200 --> 00:30:52,360 You can go into your rooms and play. 485 00:31:02,240 --> 00:31:04,320 What is it? 486 00:31:04,320 --> 00:31:07,000 It's confidential. Cut that shit out, Robert. 487 00:31:08,720 --> 00:31:10,440 Do you remember Klaus Fuchs? 488 00:31:11,600 --> 00:31:13,440 Los Alamos. 489 00:31:13,440 --> 00:31:15,840 The baby sitter? What about him? 490 00:31:17,880 --> 00:31:19,720 He's been arrested in England. 491 00:31:19,720 --> 00:31:21,080 He's a Soviet spy. 492 00:31:22,560 --> 00:31:24,120 Oh, Jesus! 493 00:31:25,760 --> 00:31:28,160 Well, they can't hang that on YOU. 494 00:31:28,160 --> 00:31:30,640 The British brought him over, not you. 495 00:31:33,040 --> 00:31:36,480 Anyway, the Russians have got the atom bomb now. 496 00:31:36,480 --> 00:31:38,440 It's just spilled milk now. 497 00:31:38,440 --> 00:31:41,920 He was at the early discussions on the H-bomb. 498 00:31:41,920 --> 00:31:43,360 What does that mean? 499 00:31:46,520 --> 00:31:48,320 I'd say it meant the ball game. 500 00:31:51,200 --> 00:31:53,840 'On January 31st 1950, 501 00:31:53,840 --> 00:31:56,600 'four days after the arrest of Klaus Fuchs, 502 00:31:56,600 --> 00:32:01,880 'President Truman gave the go-ahead to a crash programme for building the hydrogen bomb. 503 00:32:01,880 --> 00:32:05,720 'The advice of the General Advisory Committee had been ignored 504 00:32:05,720 --> 00:32:08,400 'Oppenheimer's fame, as Father of the A-bomb, 505 00:32:08,400 --> 00:32:15,040 'made him the biggest target for continuing attacks from victorious supporters of the hydrogen bomb. 506 00:32:15,040 --> 00:32:18,720 'They celebrated at a birthday party, 507 00:32:18,720 --> 00:32:23,000 'held at the AEC for Commissioner Lewis Strauss.' 508 00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:25,320 To the Super! To the Super! 509 00:32:30,440 --> 00:32:34,000 If I listen to much more I'll be sick! 510 00:32:34,000 --> 00:32:37,240 No, I mean it, Kitty. I'll throw up! 511 00:32:37,240 --> 00:32:39,400 Coming, John? OK. 512 00:32:39,400 --> 00:32:43,920 Oppy? Not yet. You're a masochist! 513 00:32:43,920 --> 00:32:45,080 Bye, Bob! 514 00:32:50,640 --> 00:32:55,600 Ah, Doctor. No hard feelings, I hope? I'm sorry? 515 00:32:55,600 --> 00:33:00,200 The verdict went against you, but I hope one day you'll see it was for the best. 516 00:33:01,880 --> 00:33:08,760 You haven't met my wife, Kitty - Secretary of the Air Force, Mr Finletter. Hello! How do you do? 517 00:33:08,760 --> 00:33:11,640 We've had quite a battle with your husband, but 518 00:33:11,640 --> 00:33:14,680 now, I hope, we can all get behind the President. 519 00:33:15,640 --> 00:33:18,960 The Commander-in-chief has spoken. So he has. 520 00:33:18,960 --> 00:33:21,040 Well, what's your response? 521 00:33:21,040 --> 00:33:24,560 I guess there can only be one response, Mr Secretary... 522 00:33:24,560 --> 00:33:26,320 Yes? 523 00:33:26,320 --> 00:33:29,400 'Moritori te salutamus'. 524 00:33:30,880 --> 00:33:33,320 Yes...well... 525 00:33:33,320 --> 00:33:35,200 That's it. 526 00:33:42,480 --> 00:33:45,920 One day you'll wise-crack us right over the edge. 527 00:33:45,920 --> 00:33:47,880 Keep your voice down. 528 00:33:52,240 --> 00:33:55,280 'We, who are about to die, salute you'. 529 00:33:55,280 --> 00:33:59,000 That's what the gladiators said. Son of a bitch! 530 00:33:59,000 --> 00:34:01,040 TELEVISION: My answer to these charges... 531 00:34:01,040 --> 00:34:03,960 DOOR BELL ..is short, simple and direct. 532 00:34:03,960 --> 00:34:05,640 I am not and never 533 00:34:05,640 --> 00:34:10,680 have been disloyal - I am not and never have been a Communist. 534 00:34:10,680 --> 00:34:12,600 I am not and never have been... 535 00:34:12,600 --> 00:34:14,080 What are you doing in the dark? 536 00:34:14,080 --> 00:34:18,960 I am not and never have been a supporter of, a member of, or a sympathiser with 537 00:34:18,960 --> 00:34:21,760 any organisation known to me to be 538 00:34:21,760 --> 00:34:26,760 or suspected by me of being controlled or dominated by Communists. 539 00:34:26,760 --> 00:34:28,280 Thank you, Kitty. 540 00:34:31,040 --> 00:34:37,520 CROWD SING A MCCARTHY SONG 541 00:34:47,040 --> 00:34:48,560 Such nonsense. 542 00:34:49,880 --> 00:34:52,320 You're not a McCarthy fan, Edward? No, I'm not. 543 00:34:56,040 --> 00:34:57,720 Thank you for seeing me. 544 00:34:57,720 --> 00:34:58,840 You're always welcome. 545 00:35:05,040 --> 00:35:07,320 You know why I'm here? 546 00:35:07,320 --> 00:35:11,200 You're recruiting for Los Alamos. I did it myself in '43. 547 00:35:11,200 --> 00:35:13,600 Will you help me? Help you? Recommend some good people. 548 00:35:13,600 --> 00:35:17,840 Oh! Sure. Sure... I'll recommend some people. 549 00:35:17,840 --> 00:35:19,120 You won't encourage them. 550 00:35:20,040 --> 00:35:22,520 I'll say you pay well, the climate's good. 551 00:35:25,760 --> 00:35:27,800 You won't DIScourage them now? 552 00:35:27,800 --> 00:35:29,600 When did I do that? 553 00:35:29,600 --> 00:35:31,720 Bethe. Hans? I don't follow. 554 00:35:31,720 --> 00:35:36,120 After the Soviet test Hans promised to help me on the Super 555 00:35:36,120 --> 00:35:39,440 Then he said he wouldn't come, after talking to YOU. 556 00:35:39,440 --> 00:35:41,880 I don't remember that. You did do IT. 557 00:35:41,880 --> 00:35:45,320 I may have. So you discouraged him. 558 00:35:45,320 --> 00:35:48,040 I may have given an opinion. What of it? 559 00:35:48,040 --> 00:35:50,080 He can make up his own mind. 560 00:35:52,760 --> 00:35:55,360 You see, here is my problem with you, Oppy. 561 00:35:55,360 --> 00:35:57,440 I know I am right. 562 00:35:57,440 --> 00:35:59,320 There's no question. 563 00:35:59,320 --> 00:36:01,120 We had to develop the hydrogen. 564 00:36:01,120 --> 00:36:04,440 Any intelligent man could see it, so why don't YOU see it? 565 00:36:04,440 --> 00:36:06,760 It's possible for two people to disagree... 566 00:36:06,760 --> 00:36:10,520 Please, Oppy, high school ethics! It's life and death of nations. 567 00:36:10,520 --> 00:36:12,600 I'm aware of that. But you're wrong. 568 00:36:16,880 --> 00:36:19,040 Did you really believe 569 00:36:19,040 --> 00:36:22,680 if we didn't build the Super the Russians wouldn't? 570 00:36:22,680 --> 00:36:25,040 I thought it was worth trying. 571 00:36:25,040 --> 00:36:26,600 And you weren't afraid? 572 00:36:27,920 --> 00:36:29,960 Have you ever met George Keenan? 573 00:36:29,960 --> 00:36:33,160 State Department. Knows a lot about the Soviets. 574 00:36:33,160 --> 00:36:37,280 He says the Russians are deathly afraid of war after the last one. 575 00:36:37,280 --> 00:36:41,720 If they have any plans to expand it won't be through great wars, 576 00:36:41,720 --> 00:36:45,600 it'll be gradual, by internal subversion, 577 00:36:45,600 --> 00:36:48,120 and small wars around the periphery. 578 00:36:48,120 --> 00:36:49,680 Africa. 579 00:36:49,680 --> 00:36:51,320 Latin America. 580 00:36:51,320 --> 00:36:52,880 Indo-China. 581 00:36:54,720 --> 00:36:56,800 What I was afraid of... 582 00:36:56,800 --> 00:36:58,560 What I am afraid of... 583 00:36:58,560 --> 00:37:01,680 ...is that all our resources will go on the hydrogen 584 00:37:01,680 --> 00:37:04,880 and we won't be able to deal with anything but total war. 585 00:37:04,880 --> 00:37:10,120 As far as makes any difference, we'll have no conventional forces, air defence nor tactical weapons 586 00:37:10,120 --> 00:37:12,440 We'll be able to bomb Moscow. 587 00:37:13,440 --> 00:37:16,120 And do nothing else. 588 00:37:16,120 --> 00:37:17,480 That's what I'm afraid of. 589 00:37:17,480 --> 00:37:20,320 We'll have both - big and small. Attack and defence. 590 00:37:20,320 --> 00:37:23,520 Of course we can have both. Not with this thing of yours. 591 00:37:23,520 --> 00:37:26,200 It'll be insatiable. 592 00:37:26,200 --> 00:37:28,160 And good God, Edward, it's a monster! 593 00:37:28,160 --> 00:37:30,840 How are you even going to deliver it? In an ox-cart? 594 00:37:37,040 --> 00:37:39,760 You knew we would improve on that prototype. 595 00:37:39,760 --> 00:37:41,400 When? Now. 596 00:37:43,560 --> 00:37:45,040 Now. 597 00:37:45,040 --> 00:37:46,680 Things are happening. 598 00:37:50,000 --> 00:37:54,120 But even if we could have both, big weapons and small... 599 00:37:55,360 --> 00:37:57,440 ...would you change on the Super? 600 00:37:59,720 --> 00:38:01,000 I think it's evil. 601 00:38:02,400 --> 00:38:03,960 High school ethics. 602 00:38:08,040 --> 00:38:10,720 I don't understand you, Oppy. 603 00:38:10,720 --> 00:38:12,080 You're not required to. 604 00:38:16,600 --> 00:38:17,720 I should like to. 605 00:38:22,440 --> 00:38:24,320 Ah, Oppy... 606 00:38:24,320 --> 00:38:27,000 Come out to Los Alamos. 607 00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:29,840 We should work together, you and I, we should. 608 00:38:29,840 --> 00:38:33,800 Look, we're the only ones who really count. The only ones. 609 00:38:33,800 --> 00:38:35,200 Edward!! But it's true! 610 00:38:38,640 --> 00:38:39,720 You won't come? 611 00:38:42,520 --> 00:38:44,120 And you won't stop fighting? 612 00:38:45,600 --> 00:38:47,760 Will I keep my mouth shut? 613 00:38:48,680 --> 00:38:49,880 No, I won't do that. 614 00:38:54,880 --> 00:38:56,920 When's your next pronouncement? 615 00:38:58,400 --> 00:39:01,240 I am coming to Los Alamos, just to give a talk. 616 00:39:01,240 --> 00:39:03,560 It might interest you. What about? 617 00:39:03,560 --> 00:39:06,040 Educating the public. And government. 618 00:39:06,040 --> 00:39:07,440 Oh, boy! 619 00:39:07,440 --> 00:39:12,320 You want to see the whole country become a big Oppenheimer seminar! 620 00:39:12,320 --> 00:39:17,640 And everybody's talking and arguing and learning and having such a wonderful time. 621 00:39:17,640 --> 00:39:21,520 We won't notice the Russians beating us to the Super by a mile. 622 00:39:23,560 --> 00:39:26,280 You'd rather they stuck to that? Oh, Oppy... 623 00:39:33,640 --> 00:39:37,920 Come out to Los Alamos early and stay with us. 624 00:39:37,920 --> 00:39:39,880 I'm expected on the Coast. 625 00:39:39,880 --> 00:39:40,920 Project Vista? 626 00:39:41,880 --> 00:39:44,440 Some people are still interested in my views. 627 00:39:49,040 --> 00:39:51,800 Have you really improved on the Super? 628 00:39:54,600 --> 00:39:56,040 Yes. 629 00:39:56,040 --> 00:39:58,120 We've had a real breakthrough. 630 00:39:59,520 --> 00:40:00,600 Tell me. 631 00:40:06,600 --> 00:40:11,160 I've been working closely with Stan Ulan for months and we couldn't get anywhere. 632 00:40:12,440 --> 00:40:14,880 We had our fusion mixture, deuterium and tritium, 633 00:40:14,880 --> 00:40:17,120 and we had the fission trigger 634 00:40:17,120 --> 00:40:22,800 But with the high energy created at fission, we knew it would blow apart the fusion system before... 635 00:40:22,800 --> 00:40:24,920 Predetonation. Precisely! 636 00:40:25,840 --> 00:40:27,800 Sounds familiar, doesn't it? 637 00:40:27,800 --> 00:40:30,240 We tried to make it into a solid 638 00:40:30,240 --> 00:40:34,520 to avoid that vast cooling system that I know appalled Fermi. 639 00:40:34,520 --> 00:40:36,080 Go ahead, Edward. 640 00:40:36,080 --> 00:40:38,160 Oppy, it's so simple! 641 00:40:38,160 --> 00:40:40,280 It was criminal we didn't see it. 642 00:40:40,280 --> 00:40:45,760 We had assumed that the energies created in the fission were transformed into heat, 643 00:40:45,760 --> 00:40:49,040 which is quite a slow process. But it's not so! 644 00:40:49,040 --> 00:40:56,160 No? NO, at that temperature most of the energy is emitted as X-rays! X-rays? X-rays!! 645 00:40:56,160 --> 00:40:58,040 Which travel at the speed of light. 646 00:40:58,040 --> 00:41:01,920 Precisely! Fast enough to avoid predetonation. 647 00:41:01,920 --> 00:41:03,920 As soon as we saw it, 648 00:41:03,920 --> 00:41:06,920 it was just basic maths. 649 00:41:06,920 --> 00:41:11,440 It's a most elegant, efficient... 650 00:41:11,440 --> 00:41:13,360 ...thermo-nuclear weapon. 651 00:41:15,240 --> 00:41:16,400 That's beautiful! 652 00:41:17,640 --> 00:41:19,040 Yes. 653 00:41:19,040 --> 00:41:22,160 I am calling for greater candour. 654 00:41:23,520 --> 00:41:26,520 We do not operate well when the important facts, 655 00:41:26,520 --> 00:41:31,360 the essential conditions which limit our choices, are unknown. 656 00:41:31,360 --> 00:41:36,400 We do not operate well when they are known in secrecy and in fear, by only a few men. 657 00:41:37,400 --> 00:41:40,480 An example may illustrate what I mean. 658 00:41:40,480 --> 00:41:42,960 A high officer of the Air Defence Command 659 00:41:42,960 --> 00:41:49,360 said only a few months ago in a most serious discussion of the defence of the United States, 660 00:41:49,360 --> 00:41:53,400 said it was our policy to try to protect our striking force, 661 00:41:53,400 --> 00:41:57,920 but that it wasn't really our policy to protect this country, 662 00:41:57,920 --> 00:42:03,760 for that is so big a job that it would interfere with our retaliatory capabilities. 663 00:42:05,040 --> 00:42:12,440 Such follies can occur only when the men who know the facts can find no-one to discuss them with, 664 00:42:12,440 --> 00:42:16,520 when the facts are too secret for discussion, and thus for thought. 665 00:42:17,680 --> 00:42:23,200 The prevailing view is that we are probably faced with a long period of cold war. 666 00:42:23,200 --> 00:42:26,520 The atomic clock ticks faster. 667 00:42:26,520 --> 00:42:32,320 Two great powers will each be in a position to destroy the life and civilisation of the other, 668 00:42:32,320 --> 00:42:34,480 but not without risking its own. 669 00:42:35,520 --> 00:42:39,160 We may be likened to two scorpions in a bottle. 670 00:42:39,160 --> 00:42:41,280 Each capable of killing the other, 671 00:42:41,280 --> 00:42:44,120 but only at the risk of his own life. 672 00:42:46,720 --> 00:42:49,080 In this prospect, 673 00:42:49,080 --> 00:42:54,000 we shall need all the help and wisdom and resourcefulness we can muster. 674 00:42:56,520 --> 00:43:01,000 We need to be clear that there will not be many atomic wars 675 00:43:01,000 --> 00:43:03,640 for us, nor our institutions. 676 00:43:05,080 --> 00:43:07,680 It is important that there not be one. 677 00:43:23,960 --> 00:43:26,680 I've got to see Finletter. Yes. 678 00:43:26,680 --> 00:43:32,040 This can't go on. If you're thinking of trying to bully Oppy, you won't win. 679 00:43:32,040 --> 00:43:33,880 There are other ways, David. 680 00:43:43,040 --> 00:43:44,520 That's it. Screw him. 681 00:43:44,520 --> 00:43:45,840 Tom! It's worth it. 682 00:43:45,840 --> 00:43:49,520 It might just be that a clear warning will do the job. 683 00:43:49,520 --> 00:43:53,920 He has a right to that, you know. It's worth five more minutes 684 00:43:53,920 --> 00:43:58,040 I'm sorry. The traffic... Ah, Robert! It doesn't matter. 685 00:43:58,040 --> 00:44:01,000 Now, I want your verdict on this. 686 00:44:01,000 --> 00:44:03,320 Robert's quite a connoisseur. 687 00:44:11,320 --> 00:44:12,360 Well? 688 00:44:15,640 --> 00:44:16,680 Fine, fine. 689 00:44:18,240 --> 00:44:22,800 Now, gentlemen, this is an occasion I've long waited for. 690 00:44:22,800 --> 00:44:29,600 It always saddens me when two men who ought to be friends are divided by day-to-day controversy. 691 00:44:29,600 --> 00:44:31,800 And Tom, Robert, 692 00:44:31,800 --> 00:44:37,880 I do believe that you two are the kind of fellows, who, given the chance, would like each other. 693 00:44:39,760 --> 00:44:45,160 Well, Doctor, I certainly think we should stop throwing punches. 694 00:44:45,160 --> 00:44:47,520 I wasn't aware of throwing any. 695 00:44:47,520 --> 00:44:49,560 The Vista report was a good shot. 696 00:44:50,600 --> 00:44:54,240 I wrote the draft for one chapter of that report. 697 00:44:54,240 --> 00:44:56,520 Which tried to undermine SAC. 698 00:44:56,520 --> 00:44:58,080 I beg your pardon? 699 00:44:58,080 --> 00:45:02,240 I thought I spoke clearly. Which tried to undermine SAC. 700 00:45:02,240 --> 00:45:05,760 I have great respect for the Air Command. 701 00:45:05,760 --> 00:45:07,040 Now you're sneering. 702 00:45:07,040 --> 00:45:09,480 Please don't tell me what I'm thinking. 703 00:45:09,480 --> 00:45:11,120 Gentlemen, gentlemen,... 704 00:45:11,120 --> 00:45:18,200 Robert, in the Air Force there's a feeling that SAC didn't get a fair shake from Vista. 705 00:45:18,200 --> 00:45:23,440 The accent, and I don't say it's all your fault, is on air defence. 706 00:45:23,440 --> 00:45:28,400 I happen to believe that as well as trying to figure out ways to bomb Russian cities, 707 00:45:28,400 --> 00:45:34,160 we should spend a little time and effort and money working out how to stop them bombing ours. 708 00:45:34,160 --> 00:45:36,080 I'm not alone in thinking that. 709 00:45:36,080 --> 00:45:38,480 It is not your first attempt to harm SAC. 710 00:45:39,440 --> 00:45:40,760 What else? 711 00:45:40,760 --> 00:45:42,720 You tried to stop the Super. 712 00:45:44,360 --> 00:45:49,280 I tried to prevent you wasting time on the original design. 713 00:45:49,280 --> 00:45:52,440 Teller's new design I don't quarrel with. 714 00:45:52,440 --> 00:45:54,040 I can't. 715 00:45:54,040 --> 00:45:55,400 It's too sweet. 716 00:45:55,400 --> 00:45:57,920 You said the Super's evil. 717 00:45:57,920 --> 00:45:59,960 Do you think it's lovable? 718 00:46:07,600 --> 00:46:11,680 All right, Doctor, I'll tell you what's on my mind. 719 00:46:11,680 --> 00:46:18,920 I have nothing against honest disagreement, but I would urge you not to peddle false rumours. 720 00:46:18,920 --> 00:46:21,680 You'll have to explain that. 721 00:46:21,680 --> 00:46:24,080 You made a speech at Los Alamos. 722 00:46:24,080 --> 00:46:26,760 Mr Griggs at the front, I recall. 723 00:46:26,760 --> 00:46:30,400 Yes, now, he tells me it contained a story suggesting 724 00:46:30,400 --> 00:46:34,920 it is not our policy to defend this country from enemy bombers. 725 00:46:34,920 --> 00:46:38,600 Yes. That's a lie. 726 00:46:40,200 --> 00:46:44,000 I don't think so - I had it from an unimpeachable source. 727 00:46:44,000 --> 00:46:46,040 It's a lie. 728 00:46:46,040 --> 00:46:47,560 I'd go further. 729 00:46:47,560 --> 00:46:49,120 It's a treasonous lie. 730 00:46:57,520 --> 00:46:59,800 Thank you, Lewis. For the wine. 731 00:47:08,560 --> 00:47:12,040 No, Lewis, you were wrong. 732 00:47:12,040 --> 00:47:13,800 I don't like him one bit. 733 00:47:14,720 --> 00:47:17,200 It can't go on. No. 734 00:47:17,200 --> 00:47:18,960 He must be stopped. 735 00:47:18,960 --> 00:47:21,320 He leaves the AEC soon. His term is up. 736 00:47:22,760 --> 00:47:25,400 I mean his INFLUENCE must be stopped. 737 00:47:35,560 --> 00:47:38,200 Are you going to stop this? All right, Mr Griggs. 738 00:47:38,200 --> 00:47:42,640 You may not understand, but I have a point of view, and a right to advance it. I have a duty. 739 00:47:42,640 --> 00:47:45,320 Just who do you have a duty TO? 740 00:47:45,320 --> 00:47:47,440 What are you saying?! 741 00:47:47,440 --> 00:47:51,520 Spit it out - you think I'm pro-Russian? Is that it? 742 00:47:51,520 --> 00:47:55,000 Say it! I wish I knew. 743 00:47:55,000 --> 00:47:57,440 All right, Mr Griggs. 744 00:47:57,440 --> 00:48:00,000 As you like labelling people, 745 00:48:00,000 --> 00:48:02,360 well, here's one for you. 746 00:48:02,360 --> 00:48:04,040 I think you're paranoid. 747 00:48:11,360 --> 00:48:14,080 The Chevalier business. 748 00:48:14,080 --> 00:48:16,680 That's what gets me. 749 00:48:16,680 --> 00:48:21,000 You have a guy who's asked by another guy - in time of war - 750 00:48:21,000 --> 00:48:23,400 to supply information to a foreign government. 751 00:48:23,400 --> 00:48:26,200 He reported it. Sure - six months later. 752 00:48:26,200 --> 00:48:30,360 Still he reported it, and the other guy was a good friend. 753 00:48:31,400 --> 00:48:34,840 I can see where personal loyalties would make you hesitate. 754 00:48:37,720 --> 00:48:40,040 No, it's the later stuff that gets me. 755 00:48:40,040 --> 00:48:45,080 All this moralising about the H-bomb, And not a trace of it when he was asked about the A-bomb. 756 00:48:45,080 --> 00:48:46,360 What's the change? 757 00:48:46,360 --> 00:48:49,720 The A-bomb killed over 100,000 people, Bill. 758 00:48:49,720 --> 00:48:53,360 That could change a man's mind if he had made it. 759 00:48:55,240 --> 00:48:57,840 No - I'll tell you what the change is. 760 00:48:57,840 --> 00:49:00,040 It's the target. 761 00:49:00,040 --> 00:49:03,840 The A-bombs were aimed at Japan. Germany. 762 00:49:03,840 --> 00:49:06,160 No problem - bombs away! 763 00:49:06,160 --> 00:49:07,760 But the hydrogen... 764 00:49:09,120 --> 00:49:10,720 Goes to Russia. 765 00:49:10,720 --> 00:49:12,000 Not if Oppy can help it. 766 00:49:25,480 --> 00:49:29,200 What is this? Dr Oppenheimer? Yes, and this is my home. 767 00:49:29,200 --> 00:49:34,400 I have orders to remove all Atomic Energy Commission files, sir, for safe keeping. 768 00:49:36,440 --> 00:49:38,440 Have you got that in writing? 769 00:49:47,720 --> 00:49:50,360 Lewis Strauss. 770 00:49:53,920 --> 00:49:56,040 I spoke to him this morning. 771 00:49:58,040 --> 00:49:59,640 He said nothing. 772 00:50:03,280 --> 00:50:04,760 He said nothing about this. 773 00:50:12,960 --> 00:50:14,480 All right. 774 00:50:14,480 --> 00:50:16,640 May I have my orders, ma'am? 775 00:50:24,320 --> 00:50:27,120 I didn't volunteer, Doctor. 776 00:50:36,120 --> 00:50:37,920 This is awful. 777 00:50:37,920 --> 00:50:39,880 Can't you call somebody? 778 00:50:39,880 --> 00:50:42,240 Don't worry. Don't worry? 779 00:50:43,640 --> 00:50:46,680 What's going to happen to us? 780 00:50:46,680 --> 00:50:48,040 What? 781 00:50:48,040 --> 00:50:49,680 I don't know. 782 00:50:52,880 --> 00:50:53,920 Nothing. 783 00:51:02,240 --> 00:51:03,360 I don't know. 784 00:51:10,520 --> 00:51:12,800 Go upstairs. No. 785 00:51:18,360 --> 00:51:20,640 'In the winter of 1953, 786 00:51:20,640 --> 00:51:26,600 'the Oppenheimers escaped the worsening atmosphere in the United States by going to Europe. 787 00:51:27,760 --> 00:51:31,880 'After stopping in London to give the BBC's Reith lectures, 788 00:51:31,880 --> 00:51:35,520 'Oppenheimer and Kitty had gone to Paris, 789 00:51:35,520 --> 00:51:37,440 'where his old friend 790 00:51:37,440 --> 00:51:41,680 'Haakon Chevalier and his new wife were living.' 791 00:51:41,680 --> 00:51:44,680 Here's your wedding present. Oh, how thoughtful. 792 00:51:45,720 --> 00:51:48,760 I hope you like it. I'll love it! 793 00:51:52,440 --> 00:51:55,680 Oh! How lovely, look, darling! 794 00:51:55,680 --> 00:51:59,320 Where's it from? Virgin Islands. I think it's mahogany. 795 00:51:59,320 --> 00:52:04,240 I've been telling Carol about the famous salads you mixed at Berkeley. 796 00:52:04,240 --> 00:52:06,280 God, they had everything! 797 00:52:06,280 --> 00:52:08,920 Passion fruit. Apricots. Melons. 798 00:52:08,920 --> 00:52:11,280 They looked so cool and inviting. 799 00:52:11,280 --> 00:52:14,440 Then you had a mouthful. Hot as hell! 800 00:52:14,440 --> 00:52:16,720 What else did you put in? 801 00:52:16,720 --> 00:52:20,160 A little Cayenne pepper. A touch of gunpowder. 802 00:52:22,440 --> 00:52:24,040 Thank you both very much. 803 00:52:24,040 --> 00:52:25,400 Thank you. 804 00:52:25,400 --> 00:52:29,320 When you come to Princeton, I'll mix you something unforgettable. 805 00:52:29,320 --> 00:52:32,240 Both of you. That won't be soon, 806 00:52:32,240 --> 00:52:36,800 from what we hear about the situation. It's unbelievable. 807 00:52:36,800 --> 00:52:37,880 Yep. 808 00:52:38,840 --> 00:52:41,120 I gather they're roasting you somewhat? 809 00:52:41,120 --> 00:52:49,160 Christ! At the hairdresser's you pick up a magazine, inside some general is pulling Robert apart. 810 00:52:49,160 --> 00:52:52,760 I remember "Ten Ways To Find A Husband". 811 00:52:52,760 --> 00:52:55,120 Now, "The Guilty Men In Our Government". 812 00:52:55,120 --> 00:52:57,200 That bad? Hideous! 813 00:52:58,360 --> 00:53:01,040 But you have your troubles too? 814 00:53:01,040 --> 00:53:03,560 Oh...the endless saga. 815 00:53:05,560 --> 00:53:09,600 I thought I'd be safe over here working for Unesco. 816 00:53:09,600 --> 00:53:12,080 But I'm beginning to feel a cool breeze. 817 00:53:12,080 --> 00:53:15,800 From Unesco? From the US Embassy. 818 00:53:15,800 --> 00:53:19,560 The way I get it is if I want to keep my job, 819 00:53:19,560 --> 00:53:21,720 I have to renounce my citizenship. 820 00:53:21,720 --> 00:53:23,480 I don't want to do that. 821 00:53:28,160 --> 00:53:32,360 Every now and then I have a friendly visit from the FBI. 822 00:53:32,360 --> 00:53:36,640 They're still buzzing on about what happened in the '30s and '40s. 823 00:53:36,640 --> 00:53:38,560 Remember George Eltenton? 824 00:53:39,720 --> 00:53:42,800 They seemed to think there was a conspiracy. 825 00:53:44,920 --> 00:53:47,080 Confusion to our enemies! 826 00:53:49,160 --> 00:53:50,720 It's such an awful world. 827 00:53:52,280 --> 00:53:53,680 I'll say! 828 00:53:53,680 --> 00:53:56,040 It's an awful country. 829 00:53:56,040 --> 00:53:58,280 Robert, do you have to go back? 830 00:53:58,280 --> 00:54:00,640 You could be an honoured man here. 831 00:54:00,640 --> 00:54:02,440 Un grand maitre! 832 00:54:02,440 --> 00:54:04,480 I couldn't live outside the US. 833 00:54:04,480 --> 00:54:05,880 Why not? 834 00:54:05,880 --> 00:54:07,400 It's the centre of the world. 835 00:54:08,440 --> 00:54:11,640 What? You mean power? Wealth? 836 00:54:11,640 --> 00:54:13,640 I didn't think you cared about all that. 837 00:54:13,640 --> 00:54:15,880 You haven't seen him in ten years. 838 00:54:17,040 --> 00:54:18,440 Power... 839 00:54:18,440 --> 00:54:20,160 ..is very interesting. 840 00:54:20,160 --> 00:54:21,560 See what I mean? 841 00:54:21,560 --> 00:54:25,200 But I was thinking about science mostly. 842 00:54:25,200 --> 00:54:29,000 When I was young we had to come over here to learn REAL science. 843 00:54:29,000 --> 00:54:31,160 This is where the masters were. 844 00:54:31,160 --> 00:54:32,680 Now... 845 00:54:33,760 --> 00:54:35,680 ..the world comes to us. 846 00:54:35,680 --> 00:54:38,520 We are the masters. It's grand! 847 00:54:38,520 --> 00:54:43,080 I tell you! He's the most all-American boy I know! 848 00:54:43,080 --> 00:54:47,560 Living over here, you realise temporary it all is. 849 00:54:47,560 --> 00:54:49,480 Sic transit gloria mundi. 850 00:54:51,160 --> 00:54:53,040 All right, all right, but... 851 00:54:53,040 --> 00:54:57,040 ...these people, I mean, they had Napoleon once. 852 00:54:57,040 --> 00:55:01,480 Now nine out of ten couldn't tell you who's the newest Prime Minister! 853 00:55:01,480 --> 00:55:02,720 'Earth's shadows pass...' 854 00:55:02,720 --> 00:55:06,760 Don't laugh! Look at him! He won't renounce his citizenship. 855 00:55:07,720 --> 00:55:10,520 One more provocation from J Edgar Hoover and... 856 00:55:14,680 --> 00:55:15,800 We must go back. 857 00:55:17,720 --> 00:55:20,040 But not looking forward to it? 858 00:55:20,040 --> 00:55:22,160 Oh, God, no! 859 00:55:22,160 --> 00:55:24,080 We're not looking forward to it. 860 00:55:28,680 --> 00:55:30,000 Well? 861 00:55:31,880 --> 00:55:34,240 I think so. I think he's guilty. 862 00:55:35,480 --> 00:55:37,160 It's funny. 863 00:55:37,160 --> 00:55:40,520 After all that I don't think he is. 864 00:55:40,520 --> 00:55:42,320 Not guilty? No. 865 00:55:43,360 --> 00:55:44,880 Wish I felt the same. 866 00:55:44,880 --> 00:55:51,360 I think he's arrogant, I think his judgment is often faulty, I think he's probably done a lot of harm. 867 00:55:51,360 --> 00:55:53,720 But I don't think he's guilty. 868 00:55:53,720 --> 00:55:56,200 Did you see the latest FBI report? 869 00:55:56,200 --> 00:55:59,560 In Paris the first person he sees... Chevalier! 870 00:55:59,560 --> 00:56:02,640 ...is the man he says tried to make him commit treason. 871 00:56:02,640 --> 00:56:04,520 I said I thought he was arrogant. 872 00:56:04,520 --> 00:56:07,520 It WAS arrogant, but he knows he's under suspicion. 873 00:56:08,440 --> 00:56:10,480 But I still don't think he's guilty. 874 00:56:12,440 --> 00:56:13,560 I do. 875 00:56:15,760 --> 00:56:17,520 What are you saying exactly? 876 00:56:17,520 --> 00:56:19,440 I'm saying... 877 00:56:19,440 --> 00:56:21,280 ..that I think... 878 00:56:21,280 --> 00:56:23,000 ..on balance... 879 00:56:23,000 --> 00:56:28,280 ..it's more probable than not that Robert Oppenheimer is a Soviet agent 880 00:56:28,280 --> 00:56:31,840 Be careful... Listen, the British are riddled with them. 881 00:56:31,840 --> 00:56:33,840 Do you really think we're immune? 882 00:56:38,840 --> 00:56:41,760 What are you going to do about it? 883 00:56:41,760 --> 00:56:43,480 You can't just sit on it. 884 00:56:48,640 --> 00:56:50,920 I guess I'll have to write a letter. 885 00:56:54,600 --> 00:56:57,280 I'll leave you to it. 886 00:57:16,040 --> 00:57:20,320 'William Borden sent his letter to FBI Director, J Edgar Hoover. 887 00:57:20,320 --> 00:57:25,920 'In it, he accused Oppenheimer of being, in all probability, a Soviet agent. 888 00:57:26,920 --> 00:57:29,800 'In the tense atmosphere created by McCarthyism, 889 00:57:29,800 --> 00:57:34,040 'President Eisenhower was so alarmed that he directed that 890 00:57:34,040 --> 00:57:39,920 '"a blank wall", as he called it, be put between Oppenheimer and all secret information. 891 00:57:43,040 --> 00:57:46,520 'Unknown to Oppenheimer, his security clearance was revoked, 892 00:57:46,520 --> 00:57:52,360 'only to be reinstated when Borden's charges had been fully and satisfactorily investigated'.