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Support your local PBS station.

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[ Elephants trumpeting ]

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NARRATOR: All around the planet,

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billions of animals
are on the move...

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[ Tiger growls ]

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...making incredible journeys.

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[ Birds chirping ]

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The most amazing of these...
are the smallest.

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♪

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This series uses
the latest camera technology

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to follow six tiny animals

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on the biggest adventures
of their lives...

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...as they travel through
extraordinary landscapes...

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♪

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...where every little step
counts.

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♪

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♪

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The greatest adventures
are the smallest.

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♪

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♪

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[ Insects chirping ]

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♪

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♪

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NARRATOR: Taiwan is home to
an animal that inspired legends

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of underground dragons.

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But this is no
scaly fire breather.

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It's a Formosan pangolin.

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And as evening falls,
his journey is just beginning.

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♪

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♪

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At two years old,
he's the size of a pineapple.

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It's his first breeding season,
but timing is crucial.

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He must find a receptive female

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before peak season ends
in few days' time.

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As he travels, he leaves his own
distinct scent markings,

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a calling card
for any prospective mate.

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And his own sensitive nose
can detect female pheromones.

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[ Birds chirping ]

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His territory is a tiny patch
of forest half a mile wide.

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He hasn't found any sign
of another pangolin here.

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His species is
critically endangered,

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and so he must walk far
to find another.

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To fuel his journey,
he needs food.

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And he's very picky
about what he eats.

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[ Bird calling,
pangolin sniffing ]

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Something has caught
his attention.

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One of his favorite foods...

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...black ants.

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He needs to eat
80,000 ants a day to bulk up.

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[ Wood cracking ]

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But woodpiles are dangerous
places to root around.

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♪

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A disturbed Taiwanese cobra can
strike in the blink of an eye.

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[ Pangolin sniffing ]

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♪

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♪

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Flicking its tongue, the snake
can taste the pangolin's odor.

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Just one drop of its venom
could kill a human.

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But it would be a mistake
to try and bite a pangolin.

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His body is covered
by snake-proof scales

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made of the same material
as a buffalo's horn.

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♪

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♪

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[ Birds chirping ]

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The scent of tree-dwelling ants
now draws him upwards.

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Being snake-proof does come
with its disadvantages.

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His suit of armor is heavy,

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almost a quarter
of his body weight.

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But it's not enough
to stop him from trying.

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♪

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♪

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His scales overlap
to give flexibility.

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♪

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♪

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♪

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He's primed for rapid feeding
with a 16-inch tongue...

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...essential for tackling
cocktail ants...

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...so called by the way they
cock their tail when alarmed.

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He laps them up by the dozen.

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The ants are quick
to mobilize...

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...fighting back
with vicious bites.

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He has flaps
to protect his ears,

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but the ants are small enough
to exploit chinks in his armor.

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He's managed to snaffle
a few thousand ants.

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But their attacks have become
too painful to bear.

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Time to retreat.

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[ Insects chirping ]

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A nocturnal traveler,

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he is ready to journey
through the night

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and into the unknown
in his search for a mate.

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[ Birds calling ]

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On the opposite side
of the world

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in Brazil's Atlantic Forest...

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...dawn is breaking for
another endangered species,

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a family of golden-headed
lion tamarins.

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This female is 6 years old.

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She has made a home here
with her lifelong partner.

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They are no larger
than a milk bottle,

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but they have
a giant responsibility--

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three boys under 2 years old...

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...and baby twins-- a boy...

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and a girl.

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They are no bigger
than the palm of a human hand.

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Mom is struggling to provide
the milk that they need

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because the drying climate
has made fruit scarce.

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[ Birds, insects chirping ]

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♪

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The twins must eat
every two days

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or they could die of starvation.

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♪

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♪

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Driven by hunger,

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the family must travel quickly
to find food.

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♪

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Lion tamarins
are canopy sprinters.

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With claws like running spikes,
they dash along the branches,

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and their forelimbs are like
springs boosting their momentum.

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They can cover large areas
by sprinting in bursts

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of 25 miles per an hour.

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Scientists must use
radio collars

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to follow their journeys.

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Carrying babies a quarter of
their own weight is exhausting.

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They urgently need food.

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[ Birds crying ]

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♪

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Black-necked aracari.

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Birds have an aerial advantage
when it comes to spotting fruit.

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They've revealed
a hoard of figs.

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♪

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She only needs to eat around 40

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to get the calories
to produce milk today.

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♪

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But she can smell
scent markings.

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She's trespassing
into someone else's territory.

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♪

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♪

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♪

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Nervously, they feed as fast
as they can.

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With food becoming
unpredictable,

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lion tamarins are pushed
into more conflict.

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[ Tamarins chirping ]

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The rivals' alarm calls

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are a sign that they have
no intentions of sharing.

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And with young babies in tow,

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it's too risky
for the family to stay.

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Mom has barely eaten enough.

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But at least she can feed
the twins

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with a little milk today.

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Yet if they don't get another
meal within the next two days,

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the babies may not make it.

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That's not the only threat
they face right now.

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[ Thunder rumbling,
wind whistling ]

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A storm.

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[ Tamarins chirping ]

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When it rains,

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the air temperature plummets
to 50 degrees.

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[ Thunder rumbling ]

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Hungry and drenched, the babies
can't generate heat fast enough.

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Hypothermia is a major killer
of these tiny monkeys.

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But being 10 inches tall
does have advantages.

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You can hide
in the smallest spaces.

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And the family huddles inside
to keep warm.

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[ Thunder rumbling ]

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Almost four miles from
their old home and hungry--

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but at least tonight
they have somewhere to sleep.

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[ Birds crying,
insects chirping ]

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Back in Taiwan,

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the pangolin is nearly
two miles beyond his territory,

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with no sign of a female.

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♪

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It's critical
that he picks up a scent

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within the next few days.

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And very few will be receptive
so late in the season.

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But his search has taken him
into a strange type of forest.

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♪

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♪

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There are no trees
to climb here.

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♪

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♪

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Bamboo-- the tallest grass
in the world.

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This species can grow three feet
in one day.

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Here, it towers 65 feet high.

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♪

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Row upon row... mile upon mile.

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It's easy to get lost.

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♪

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This is a strange landscape,

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a plantation created
by humans...

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[ Bamboo creaking ]

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...a monoculture.

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Nothing but bamboo.

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Except...

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...the faint scent of a female.

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[ Leaves crackling ]

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♪

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The scent has led him into
a different type of a forest...

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[ Birds chirping ]

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♪

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...an area that's been
left wild.

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♪

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And there's a pangolin burrow.

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But something
doesn't smell right.

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♪

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He must be cautious.

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Other animals
move into vacant burrows.

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[ Animal chattering, whining ]

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00:17:30,280 --> 00:17:38,640
♪

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[ Animal chattering, growling ]

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A gem-faced civet.

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[ Birds chirping, calling ]

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00:17:52,600 --> 00:17:57,600
Like a skunk, it can release
a stink when alarmed.

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Not what you want

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when your sexual prowess
depends on smelling good.

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00:18:11,800 --> 00:18:15,640
While the pangolin tries to
sniff out a mate,

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00:18:15,760 --> 00:18:19,440
another animal here employs
a different strategy.

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♪

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Light.

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♪

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♪

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00:18:46,160 --> 00:18:55,320
♪

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00:18:55,440 --> 00:19:00,800
There are 56 species of firefly
found in Taiwan.

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♪

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00:19:07,160 --> 00:19:14,800
♪

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♪

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00:19:22,680 --> 00:19:26,760
Each has its own distinctive
sequence of flashes,

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all used for attracting a mate.

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The presence of fireflies
is a sign of a healthy habitat.

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If the pangolin continues
in this direction,

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he might find more burrows.

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♪

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00:19:52,720 --> 00:20:00,080
♪

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00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:07,560
♪

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00:20:07,680 --> 00:20:15,040
♪

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00:20:15,160 --> 00:20:18,320
[ Insects chirping ]

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00:20:18,440 --> 00:20:28,120
♪

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00:20:28,240 --> 00:20:31,360
As wild habitats are turned
to monoculture,

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fireflies disappear

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00:20:35,480 --> 00:20:39,840
and pangolins find themselves
more exposed to humans.

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00:20:39,960 --> 00:20:47,200
♪

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00:20:47,320 --> 00:20:53,600
♪

242
00:20:54,640 --> 00:20:57,240
Another pangolin burrow.

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00:20:59,640 --> 00:21:02,440
This time it's empty.

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00:21:05,160 --> 00:21:09,760
With dawn breaking,
at least it's a place to sleep.

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00:21:09,880 --> 00:21:12,720
[ Vehicle passing ]

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00:21:12,840 --> 00:21:16,720
[ Birds chirping, calling ]

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00:21:19,760 --> 00:21:23,920
The lion tamarins have woken
to a new dawn,

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00:21:24,040 --> 00:21:26,840
hungry and far
from the fruiting trees

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00:21:26,960 --> 00:21:29,160
that they once called home.

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00:21:31,280 --> 00:21:34,840
Grooming reinforces the bonds
between mom and dad.

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00:21:34,960 --> 00:21:37,200
[ Birds chirping ]

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00:21:50,120 --> 00:21:53,680
Giant trees are
the perfect place to live,

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00:21:53,800 --> 00:21:55,880
full of hiding spaces.

254
00:21:56,000 --> 00:22:01,040
And ahead, there's one of the
biggest trees they've ever seen.

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00:22:01,160 --> 00:22:05,480
♪

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00:22:05,600 --> 00:22:09,720
Its branches support
a rich garden of plants.

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00:22:11,720 --> 00:22:17,320
But the lion tamarins want
what might be hiding within.

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00:22:19,600 --> 00:22:22,040
They don't just eat fruit.

259
00:22:22,160 --> 00:22:25,160
Ten percent of their diet
is prey.

260
00:22:25,280 --> 00:22:27,160
[ Birds crying ]

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00:22:27,280 --> 00:22:33,240
♪

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00:22:33,360 --> 00:22:39,080
♪

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00:22:39,200 --> 00:22:44,000
Their extended fingers are
adapted to reach deep inside.

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00:22:44,120 --> 00:22:51,440
♪

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00:22:51,560 --> 00:22:53,440
[ Birds chirping, calling ]

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00:22:53,560 --> 00:23:00,400
♪

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00:23:00,520 --> 00:23:03,360
These grasshoppers are
the first proper meal

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00:23:03,480 --> 00:23:06,080
they've had in days.

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00:23:06,200 --> 00:23:08,680
It's an incredible feast.

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00:23:08,800 --> 00:23:11,520
But there's even better food
here.

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00:23:14,400 --> 00:23:16,720
Frogs.
[ Water splashes ]

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Concentrated protein.

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♪

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00:23:26,240 --> 00:23:28,440
Mom's got one.

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00:23:28,560 --> 00:23:30,720
[ Tamarins chirping ]

276
00:23:30,840 --> 00:23:33,800
And the whole family are keen
for a bite.

277
00:23:33,920 --> 00:23:40,880
♪

278
00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:44,080
It's important
that mom eats first

279
00:23:44,200 --> 00:23:47,560
and replenishes her energy
for making milk...

280
00:23:47,680 --> 00:23:53,640
♪

281
00:23:53,760 --> 00:23:59,720
♪

282
00:23:59,840 --> 00:24:04,440
...even if the twins want to
try frog for themselves.

283
00:24:04,560 --> 00:24:14,080
♪

284
00:24:14,200 --> 00:24:21,200
♪

285
00:24:21,320 --> 00:24:23,720
[ Tamarin chirping ]

286
00:24:23,840 --> 00:24:31,360
♪

287
00:24:31,480 --> 00:24:36,840
It's the baby's first taste
of solid food.

288
00:24:39,360 --> 00:24:43,720
This is the perfect home
for the family--

289
00:24:43,840 --> 00:24:46,080
all the frogs they can eat

290
00:24:46,200 --> 00:24:49,680
and no other lion tamarins
to compete with.

291
00:24:53,040 --> 00:24:56,640
They could establish a new
territory of fruiting trees

292
00:24:56,760 --> 00:24:58,640
around it.

293
00:24:58,760 --> 00:25:01,080
[ Birds, tamarins chirping ]

294
00:25:04,480 --> 00:25:07,760
The future for the family
is looking bright.

295
00:25:09,600 --> 00:25:13,560
With Mom and Dad relaxed,
they allow the male twin

296
00:25:13,680 --> 00:25:16,640
to take his first steps
towards independence.

297
00:25:16,760 --> 00:25:26,120
♪

298
00:25:26,240 --> 00:25:29,800
It's a big feat when you are
30 feet off the ground.

299
00:25:29,920 --> 00:25:36,720
♪

300
00:25:36,840 --> 00:25:43,600
♪

301
00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:50,520
♪

302
00:25:50,640 --> 00:25:55,920
Two months old, he's learning
by copying his older brothers.

303
00:25:56,040 --> 00:26:00,160
But he's not ready to join in
on the play fighting just yet.

304
00:26:00,280 --> 00:26:02,320
[ Tamarins chirping ]

305
00:26:05,160 --> 00:26:07,680
[ Birds chirping ]

306
00:26:10,320 --> 00:26:13,720
All the commotion
hasn't gone unnoticed.

307
00:26:13,840 --> 00:26:17,280
♪

308
00:26:17,400 --> 00:26:24,040
On the forest floor,
predators hunt in the shadows.

309
00:26:24,160 --> 00:26:31,360
♪

310
00:26:31,480 --> 00:26:38,680
♪

311
00:26:38,800 --> 00:26:40,960
An ocelot.

312
00:26:43,000 --> 00:26:46,480
It's only twice the size
of a house cat,

313
00:26:46,600 --> 00:26:50,400
but to the tiny primates,
it's a giant

314
00:26:50,520 --> 00:26:54,520
and could kill each of them
with a single bite.

315
00:26:54,640 --> 00:27:00,400
♪

316
00:27:00,520 --> 00:27:05,120
The lion tamarins are unaware
of the danger approaching below.

317
00:27:05,240 --> 00:27:10,880
♪

318
00:27:11,000 --> 00:27:16,600
♪

319
00:27:16,720 --> 00:27:18,840
The ocelot's speckled coat

320
00:27:18,960 --> 00:27:22,000
makes him disappear
amongst the undergrowth.

321
00:27:22,120 --> 00:27:31,080
♪

322
00:27:31,200 --> 00:27:40,200
♪

323
00:27:40,320 --> 00:27:43,680
His feet are three inches wide,

324
00:27:43,800 --> 00:27:46,880
larger than
a lion tamarin's head.

325
00:27:47,680 --> 00:27:50,600
They allow him to tread
stealthily.

326
00:27:50,720 --> 00:27:55,760
♪

327
00:27:55,880 --> 00:28:00,720
And ocelots are agile enough
to hunt...

328
00:28:00,840 --> 00:28:02,880
in the trees.

329
00:28:03,000 --> 00:28:06,200
[ Birds chirping ]

330
00:28:25,920 --> 00:28:29,160
Something isn't right.

331
00:28:29,280 --> 00:28:31,720
[ Tamarins chirping ]

332
00:28:39,120 --> 00:28:41,000
The cat's been spotted.

333
00:28:42,000 --> 00:28:45,400
The family needs to abandon
the tree quickly.

334
00:28:45,520 --> 00:28:52,600
♪

335
00:28:52,720 --> 00:28:59,640
♪

336
00:28:59,760 --> 00:29:04,440
For the ocelot,
it's not worth a chase.

337
00:29:06,760 --> 00:29:12,280
He's a nighttime hunter,
and this is his sleeping tree,

338
00:29:12,400 --> 00:29:16,720
at the heart of his territory,
three miles wide.

339
00:29:16,840 --> 00:29:22,320
♪

340
00:29:22,440 --> 00:29:26,400
The family must escape
from this area quickly.

341
00:29:26,520 --> 00:29:30,960
Come nightfall, the cat
will be back on the hunt.

342
00:29:32,960 --> 00:29:35,320
[ Birds chirping, crying ]

343
00:29:35,440 --> 00:29:43,840
♪

344
00:29:43,960 --> 00:29:48,600
[ Birds chirping ]

345
00:29:48,720 --> 00:29:50,360
In Taiwan,

346
00:29:50,480 --> 00:29:53,760
the daytime temperature
can reach 100 degrees--

347
00:29:53,880 --> 00:29:58,440
too uncomfortable for
a heavily armored pangolin.

348
00:30:00,880 --> 00:30:06,600
He hides in the burrow,
where it's 20 degrees cooler.

349
00:30:10,120 --> 00:30:13,040
[ Insects chirping ]
As dusk approaches,

350
00:30:13,160 --> 00:30:15,720
he can get back to his journey.

351
00:30:15,840 --> 00:30:20,080
♪

352
00:30:20,200 --> 00:30:24,320
Out there is the female
who dug this burrow,

353
00:30:24,440 --> 00:30:27,680
and her scent
is growing stronger.

354
00:30:28,600 --> 00:30:31,200
He's entered an olive grove...

355
00:30:32,280 --> 00:30:36,800
...and is deep in a world
transformed by humans.

356
00:30:38,080 --> 00:30:41,480
He has never been so exposed.

357
00:30:41,600 --> 00:30:44,000
[ Pangolin sniffing ]

358
00:30:44,120 --> 00:30:47,000
[ Dog barking in distance ]

359
00:30:47,120 --> 00:30:53,080
♪

360
00:30:53,200 --> 00:30:57,960
In Taiwan, feral dogs
pose the biggest threat.

361
00:30:58,960 --> 00:31:00,840
They're one of the few animals

362
00:31:00,960 --> 00:31:03,680
able to bite through
the pangolin's armor.

363
00:31:03,800 --> 00:31:06,640
[ Barking continues ]

364
00:31:06,760 --> 00:31:15,080
♪

365
00:31:15,200 --> 00:31:17,080
[ Armor clanks ]

366
00:31:17,200 --> 00:31:25,480
♪

367
00:31:25,600 --> 00:31:27,840
[ Pangolin sniffing ]

368
00:31:27,960 --> 00:31:34,000
♪

369
00:31:34,120 --> 00:31:37,000
Finally-- a female.

370
00:31:37,120 --> 00:31:45,120
♪

371
00:31:45,240 --> 00:31:53,240
♪

372
00:31:53,360 --> 00:31:56,280
Instinct now takes over.

373
00:31:56,400 --> 00:32:02,160
♪

374
00:32:02,280 --> 00:32:08,000
♪

375
00:32:08,120 --> 00:32:13,720
Gently stroking her back,
he seeks approval.

376
00:32:13,840 --> 00:32:21,320
♪

377
00:32:21,440 --> 00:32:25,160
But the more he makes
his advances,

378
00:32:25,280 --> 00:32:27,240
the tighter she curls up.

379
00:32:27,360 --> 00:32:33,680
♪

380
00:32:33,800 --> 00:32:37,000
She's not interested...

381
00:32:37,120 --> 00:32:40,920
a sign that she may
already be pregnant.

382
00:32:43,560 --> 00:32:45,640
He's too late.

383
00:32:45,760 --> 00:32:52,600
♪

384
00:32:52,720 --> 00:32:59,600
♪

385
00:32:59,720 --> 00:33:02,080
With time running out
on the season,

386
00:33:02,200 --> 00:33:06,480
he must continue
if he is to find another female.

387
00:33:06,600 --> 00:33:12,320
♪

388
00:33:12,440 --> 00:33:18,040
Fortunately, he's within reach
of a remarkable place.

389
00:33:19,680 --> 00:33:23,360
Taoist shrines are believed
to bestow good luck

390
00:33:23,480 --> 00:33:25,680
upon all who pass,

391
00:33:25,800 --> 00:33:29,120
and they are often found
close to a protected forest

392
00:33:29,240 --> 00:33:32,000
where pangolins thrive.

393
00:33:32,120 --> 00:33:35,160
[ Birds chirping ]

394
00:33:37,400 --> 00:33:39,200
Back in Brazil,

395
00:33:39,320 --> 00:33:42,840
The lion tamarins have spent
the last five days

396
00:33:42,960 --> 00:33:45,840
jumping between thousands
of trees.

397
00:33:45,960 --> 00:33:48,160
[ Foliage rustling ]

398
00:33:50,840 --> 00:33:54,000
But they have yet to find
anywhere safe

399
00:33:54,120 --> 00:33:56,840
with enough food to make a home.

400
00:33:56,960 --> 00:34:06,080
♪

401
00:34:06,200 --> 00:34:11,840
Suddenly, something that they
have never seen before--

402
00:34:11,960 --> 00:34:14,120
a break in the tree cover.

403
00:34:14,240 --> 00:34:16,440
[ Engines humming ]

404
00:34:19,440 --> 00:34:21,200
A road.

405
00:34:24,240 --> 00:34:28,760
Here, they are more exposed
to aerial threats.

406
00:34:28,880 --> 00:34:30,880
[ Bird screeching ]

407
00:34:31,000 --> 00:34:34,240
A monkey-eating harpy eagle,

408
00:34:34,360 --> 00:34:38,160
15 times the weight
of a lion tamarin.

409
00:34:40,000 --> 00:34:45,400
With nightfall fast approaching,
the family can't turn back.

410
00:34:45,520 --> 00:34:49,480
They must find a way
to cross the open road.

411
00:34:49,600 --> 00:34:57,080
♪

412
00:34:57,200 --> 00:35:02,800
The gap here is 30 feet wide--
too far to jump.

413
00:35:05,600 --> 00:35:07,480
[ Engine humming ]

414
00:35:07,600 --> 00:35:16,640
♪

415
00:35:16,760 --> 00:35:21,000
And they aren't the only ones
stuck here.

416
00:35:22,400 --> 00:35:24,280
A sloth.

417
00:35:24,400 --> 00:35:30,680
♪

418
00:35:30,800 --> 00:35:37,160
♪

419
00:35:37,280 --> 00:35:42,720
This overhanging tree could be
the family's only way over.

420
00:35:45,160 --> 00:35:46,400
[ Birds chirping ]

421
00:35:46,520 --> 00:35:50,120
An aerial attack
can come from anywhere.

422
00:35:52,360 --> 00:35:58,400
Mom goes first--
16 feet in a single bound.

423
00:35:58,520 --> 00:36:04,240
♪

424
00:36:04,360 --> 00:36:07,440
The rest of the family
must follow.

425
00:36:07,560 --> 00:36:10,800
[ Tamarins chirping ]

426
00:36:12,880 --> 00:36:14,720
Five have made it.

427
00:36:16,400 --> 00:36:19,160
Two to go.

428
00:36:19,280 --> 00:36:25,000
♪

429
00:36:25,120 --> 00:36:30,680
♪

430
00:36:30,800 --> 00:36:33,720
The eagle's caught something.

431
00:36:38,600 --> 00:36:40,800
It's a sloth.

432
00:36:42,480 --> 00:36:44,160
[ Birds chirping ]

433
00:36:44,280 --> 00:36:48,040
All the family
are accounted for.

434
00:36:53,200 --> 00:36:55,440
[ Vehicles passing in distance ]

435
00:36:55,560 --> 00:37:00,360
They continue their journey
for just over a mile,

436
00:37:00,480 --> 00:37:05,000
until, suddenly,
their path is blocked again.

437
00:37:08,720 --> 00:37:12,680
Having spent their entire lives
surrounded by trees,

438
00:37:12,800 --> 00:37:14,680
they have reached the edge
of the forest.

439
00:37:14,800 --> 00:37:18,040
[ Birds chirping,
cows lowing in distance ]

440
00:37:18,160 --> 00:37:23,720
Beyond is human territory--
a farm.

441
00:37:27,480 --> 00:37:29,440
The lion tamarins are trapped

442
00:37:29,560 --> 00:37:32,000
within one
of the few remaining patches

443
00:37:32,120 --> 00:37:36,000
of the once-vast
Atlantic Forest.

444
00:37:38,800 --> 00:37:42,360
Today only 12% remains.

445
00:37:42,480 --> 00:37:52,320
♪

446
00:37:52,440 --> 00:37:54,920
Traveling along
the forest edge...

447
00:37:55,040 --> 00:38:01,480
♪

448
00:38:01,600 --> 00:38:04,960
...there's nothing for them
out there.

449
00:38:05,080 --> 00:38:08,040
It's a dead end for the family.

450
00:38:08,160 --> 00:38:18,000
♪

451
00:38:18,120 --> 00:38:20,480
[ Tamarin chirping ]

452
00:38:22,080 --> 00:38:25,200
When forest fragments become
too small,

453
00:38:25,320 --> 00:38:26,800
there's not enough food

454
00:38:26,920 --> 00:38:30,120
to sustain a healthy population
of animals.

455
00:38:30,960 --> 00:38:34,560
The whole ecosystem
begins to collapse.

456
00:38:38,960 --> 00:38:43,320
It's the end of five days
searching for a new home...

457
00:38:46,520 --> 00:38:51,480
...and the Tamarins' future
seems as uncertain as ever.

458
00:38:54,080 --> 00:38:56,640
[ Birds crying ]

459
00:38:57,600 --> 00:38:59,240
For the pangolin,

460
00:38:59,360 --> 00:39:03,000
it's now coming towards the end
of the breeding season.

461
00:39:04,520 --> 00:39:09,000
He's crossing the boundary
into a protected forest,

462
00:39:09,120 --> 00:39:11,880
one of thousands
scattered across Taiwan,

463
00:39:12,000 --> 00:39:15,280
covering nearly 20%
of the island.

464
00:39:15,400 --> 00:39:17,880
[ Monkeys barking ]

465
00:39:27,080 --> 00:39:30,200
Here, dogs are kept out.

466
00:39:37,920 --> 00:39:40,480
Reserves like this are home

467
00:39:40,600 --> 00:39:44,680
to the world's densest
population of pangolins--

468
00:39:44,800 --> 00:39:48,400
as many as 25 in a square mile.

469
00:39:49,920 --> 00:39:51,960
But before he continues,

470
00:39:52,080 --> 00:39:56,280
he needs to find food
and replenish his energy.

471
00:40:01,560 --> 00:40:06,360
Termites-- packed with protein.

472
00:40:08,760 --> 00:40:11,920
[ Birds chirping, calling ]

473
00:40:30,440 --> 00:40:36,880
♪

474
00:40:37,000 --> 00:40:39,720
He isn't the only one
that's hungry.

475
00:40:39,840 --> 00:40:42,920
[ Animal huffing,
pangolin sniffing ]

476
00:40:43,040 --> 00:40:49,400
♪

477
00:40:49,520 --> 00:40:54,680
A moon bear,
Taiwan's largest carnivore--

478
00:40:54,800 --> 00:40:57,920
30 times bigger than a pangolin.

479
00:40:58,040 --> 00:41:02,080
♪

480
00:41:02,200 --> 00:41:04,400
[ Bear growls ]

481
00:41:04,520 --> 00:41:08,400
♪

482
00:41:08,520 --> 00:41:11,760
They usually live
high in the mountains.

483
00:41:11,880 --> 00:41:13,320
But in the spring,

484
00:41:13,440 --> 00:41:17,680
these bears travel down
to lower slopes to seek food.

485
00:41:17,800 --> 00:41:20,200
[ Bear huffing ]

486
00:41:20,320 --> 00:41:27,880
♪

487
00:41:28,000 --> 00:41:31,440
They're built
for ripping apart trees,

488
00:41:31,560 --> 00:41:35,880
with powerful muscles
and two-inch-long claws.

489
00:41:36,000 --> 00:41:39,960
♪

490
00:41:40,080 --> 00:41:42,760
[ Bear growling ]

491
00:41:42,880 --> 00:41:46,240
It could crunch a pangolin
in one bite.

492
00:41:48,320 --> 00:41:52,240
It isn't going to give up
without a meal.

493
00:41:52,360 --> 00:41:59,600
♪

494
00:41:59,720 --> 00:42:03,600
The pangolin takes his chance
to get away.

495
00:42:05,600 --> 00:42:09,320
Luckily, he's not what
the bear is after.

496
00:42:11,720 --> 00:42:14,480
[ Bear sniffs ]
It's the termites.

497
00:42:21,440 --> 00:42:25,160
He needs to find a meal
that the bear can't reach.

498
00:42:25,280 --> 00:42:30,920
♪

499
00:42:31,040 --> 00:42:34,520
Cocktail ants-- again.

500
00:42:34,640 --> 00:42:42,120
♪

501
00:42:42,240 --> 00:42:51,280
♪

502
00:42:51,400 --> 00:43:00,440
♪

503
00:43:00,560 --> 00:43:03,000
[ Monkeys barking ]

504
00:43:03,120 --> 00:43:04,800
There's only one scent

505
00:43:04,920 --> 00:43:08,640
that can entice a young male
away from food.

506
00:43:09,640 --> 00:43:12,720
The pheromones of a female.

507
00:43:14,560 --> 00:43:17,240
This could be his chance.

508
00:43:17,360 --> 00:43:26,800
♪

509
00:43:26,920 --> 00:43:29,480
[ Pangolin sniffing ]

510
00:43:29,600 --> 00:43:34,760
She is in the last few days
of her reproductive cycle.

511
00:43:34,880 --> 00:43:38,960
Soon she will be unable
to get pregnant.

512
00:43:43,240 --> 00:43:49,040
The final stage of his journey
is now led by this female.

513
00:43:51,560 --> 00:43:53,840
It's a good sign.

514
00:43:56,720 --> 00:44:01,200
They travel hour after hour
through the night.

515
00:44:01,320 --> 00:44:04,920
[ Birds crying ]

516
00:44:08,560 --> 00:44:12,560
He has proved himself worthy.

517
00:44:12,680 --> 00:44:18,680
♪

518
00:44:18,800 --> 00:44:24,880
♪

519
00:44:25,000 --> 00:44:29,120
Mating in a suit of armor
isn't easy.

520
00:44:31,720 --> 00:44:36,200
Finding the right angle
could take till morning.

521
00:44:36,320 --> 00:44:43,520
♪

522
00:44:43,640 --> 00:44:47,960
His first great journey
is a success.

523
00:44:48,080 --> 00:44:50,040
He's found a mate.

524
00:44:50,160 --> 00:44:59,360
♪

525
00:44:59,480 --> 00:45:02,680
And, safe in this
protected forest,

526
00:45:02,800 --> 00:45:06,880
he can help to ensure
the survival of his species.

527
00:45:07,000 --> 00:45:09,560
[ Birds crying ]

528
00:45:09,680 --> 00:45:16,200
♪

529
00:45:16,320 --> 00:45:18,240
Seven months later...

530
00:45:18,360 --> 00:45:26,120
♪

531
00:45:26,240 --> 00:45:29,080
...the pangolins' baby
is born.

532
00:45:32,560 --> 00:45:35,600
And the story continues...

533
00:45:37,920 --> 00:45:40,720
...with a new generation

534
00:45:43,560 --> 00:45:46,360
...and a new journey.

535
00:45:46,480 --> 00:45:51,040
♪

536
00:45:51,160 --> 00:45:53,680
[ Birds chirping, crying ]

537
00:45:54,880 --> 00:45:57,800
It's morning in Brazil.

538
00:45:59,960 --> 00:46:02,040
The tamarins are
still traveling

539
00:46:02,160 --> 00:46:04,280
along the forest edge.

540
00:46:07,960 --> 00:46:10,520
And now they are being watched.

541
00:46:10,640 --> 00:46:16,360
♪

542
00:46:16,480 --> 00:46:22,160
♪

543
00:46:22,280 --> 00:46:26,320
Mom isn't sure
what to make of these monkeys.

544
00:46:26,440 --> 00:46:31,880
♪

545
00:46:32,000 --> 00:46:35,520
[ Monkeys chirping ]

546
00:46:35,640 --> 00:46:40,520
♪

547
00:46:40,640 --> 00:46:47,360
These are Wied's marmosets,
a distant cousin of tamarins.

548
00:46:47,480 --> 00:46:49,000
[ Monkeys chirping ]

549
00:46:49,120 --> 00:46:52,880
Remarkably, they speak
a similar language

550
00:46:53,000 --> 00:46:55,400
and can understand each other.

551
00:46:58,080 --> 00:47:03,160
They too are homeless
and have babies to feed.

552
00:47:03,280 --> 00:47:07,880
it gives them a unique
opportunity to join forces.

553
00:47:08,000 --> 00:47:13,760
♪

554
00:47:13,880 --> 00:47:19,600
♪

555
00:47:19,720 --> 00:47:22,600
The lion tamarins take
the high branches

556
00:47:22,720 --> 00:47:25,800
and keep watch
for aerial threats.

557
00:47:25,920 --> 00:47:29,560
[ Tamarins chirping ]

558
00:47:31,280 --> 00:47:34,480
The marmosets keep an eye out
down below

559
00:47:34,600 --> 00:47:37,080
for predators on the prowl.

560
00:47:37,200 --> 00:47:43,080
♪

561
00:47:43,200 --> 00:47:46,320
One has spotted an agouti...

562
00:47:47,680 --> 00:47:52,680
...a giant rodent three times
bigger than a lion tamarin.

563
00:47:54,080 --> 00:47:57,480
It searches for food
with its nose like a dog

564
00:47:57,600 --> 00:48:01,240
and stores nuts in the ground
like a squirrel.

565
00:48:01,360 --> 00:48:03,320
[ Birds chirping ]

566
00:48:08,000 --> 00:48:10,680
Both families follow it,

567
00:48:10,800 --> 00:48:13,520
watching where it stores
its stash.

568
00:48:13,640 --> 00:48:16,720
[ Tamarins chirping ]

569
00:48:16,840 --> 00:48:21,480
The agouti has led them
to a new world of opportunity...

570
00:48:21,600 --> 00:48:29,880
♪

571
00:48:30,000 --> 00:48:34,160
...a place
of strange plants...

572
00:48:34,960 --> 00:48:38,360
...and huge, colorful fruits.

573
00:48:41,440 --> 00:48:43,880
A cocoa pod...

574
00:48:44,000 --> 00:48:48,800
with enough cocoa beans to feed
a lion tamarin for a day.

575
00:48:48,920 --> 00:48:54,560
♪

576
00:48:54,680 --> 00:49:00,280
♪

577
00:49:00,400 --> 00:49:05,040
This is a territory with plenty
of food to go around.

578
00:49:05,160 --> 00:49:07,400
[ Birds chirping ]

579
00:49:07,520 --> 00:49:12,040
♪

580
00:49:12,160 --> 00:49:15,640
For both families,
it's a paradise.

581
00:49:18,320 --> 00:49:20,600
As they travel further,

582
00:49:20,720 --> 00:49:24,920
they discover the most
remarkable fruit of all...

583
00:49:26,680 --> 00:49:29,680
...the biggest of any tree
on Earth.

584
00:49:33,120 --> 00:49:36,600
This is jackfruit.

585
00:49:40,080 --> 00:49:43,440
It's as big as a basketball...

586
00:49:43,560 --> 00:49:47,280
and five times bigger
than a lion tamarin.

587
00:49:50,840 --> 00:49:55,400
The fruit on a single tree
is packed with enough calories

588
00:49:55,520 --> 00:50:00,760
to feed 6,000 golden-headed
lion tamarins for the day...

589
00:50:01,880 --> 00:50:05,120
...the entire world population.

590
00:50:05,240 --> 00:50:10,760
♪

591
00:50:10,880 --> 00:50:16,400
♪

592
00:50:16,520 --> 00:50:19,800
The family has made it
to a part of the forest

593
00:50:19,920 --> 00:50:21,800
known as cabruca...

594
00:50:21,920 --> 00:50:25,920
♪

595
00:50:26,040 --> 00:50:30,920
...a place where people
sustainably grow cocoa and fruit

596
00:50:31,040 --> 00:50:33,920
in the shade
of giant native trees.

597
00:50:34,040 --> 00:50:36,760
[ Birds chirping ]

598
00:50:36,880 --> 00:50:40,600
♪

599
00:50:40,720 --> 00:50:44,520
Every year, thousands
of new trees are planted...

600
00:50:46,040 --> 00:50:49,640
...to connect dying
forest fragments...

601
00:50:50,840 --> 00:50:54,400
...making them bigger
to keep them alive.

602
00:50:54,520 --> 00:50:59,120
♪

603
00:50:59,240 --> 00:51:02,240
The lion tamarins
can now play their part

604
00:51:02,360 --> 00:51:04,800
to enrich these new areas

605
00:51:04,920 --> 00:51:07,360
by spreading seeds
in their droppings.

606
00:51:07,480 --> 00:51:09,280
[ Birds chirping ]

607
00:51:09,400 --> 00:51:15,280
♪

608
00:51:15,400 --> 00:51:18,280
Cabrucas across
the Atlantic Forest

609
00:51:18,400 --> 00:51:23,360
are sanctuaries for almost every
golden-headed lion tamarin.

610
00:51:23,480 --> 00:51:30,600
♪

611
00:51:30,720 --> 00:51:36,880
Here they grow bigger,
healthier...

612
00:51:38,120 --> 00:51:39,800
...and produce more babies.

613
00:51:39,920 --> 00:51:43,400
♪

614
00:51:43,520 --> 00:51:45,560
[ Tamarins chirping ]

615
00:51:45,680 --> 00:51:50,400
♪

616
00:51:50,520 --> 00:51:53,400
The family has discovered
a new home

617
00:51:53,520 --> 00:51:55,880
on the edge of their world.

618
00:51:58,360 --> 00:52:01,240
And they are already playing
a vital role

619
00:52:01,360 --> 00:52:06,320
in protecting the forest
for future generations.

620
00:52:06,440 --> 00:52:14,920
♪

621
00:52:15,040 --> 00:52:17,120
♪

622
00:52:28,400 --> 00:52:37,240
♪

623
00:52:37,360 --> 00:52:47,120
♪

624
00:52:47,240 --> 00:52:57,040
♪

625
00:52:57,160 --> 00:52:58,320
♪
♪

626
00:52:58,440 --> 00:53:02,920
♪
♪

627
00:53:03,040 --> 00:53:06,200
♪