1
00:01:42,208 --> 00:01:44,119
My name is Damon.

2
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And this is my daughter, velvet.

3
00:01:51,375 --> 00:01:53,366
Are you trying to plant dad?

4
00:01:53,375 --> 00:01:54,865
She's just turned four.

5
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Her days are spent
in a happy bubble,

6
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created by my excellent wife,
Zoe.

7
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Yeah?

8
00:02:08,500 --> 00:02:11,663
She's lucky enough that
her major concerns right now

9
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are numbers...

10
00:02:13,292 --> 00:02:16,489
Daddy. Mummy. Velly.

11
00:02:16,500 --> 00:02:18,411
Zoe: So how many pieces is that?

12
00:02:21,125 --> 00:02:23,161
Damon: How to tell
a knock knock joke...

13
00:02:23,167 --> 00:02:24,782
- Knock, knock.
- Who's there?

14
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- Unicorn.
- Unicorn who?

15
00:02:26,667 --> 00:02:28,999
Unicorn jump over the rainbow.

16
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Oh, that's who it is!

17
00:02:32,917 --> 00:02:35,659
And the elusive art of
sleep direction.

18
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But soon she'll have to
leave that happy bubble

19
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and face a rapidly
deteriorating environment.

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Reporter: Yes, John,
the ice sheet is now melting

21
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faster than
the scientists predicted.

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We're seeing large waterfalls

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pouring off the side of the ice.

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It's an alarming acceleration.

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Damon: The need to address this
is so urgent...

26
00:02:58,417 --> 00:03:00,032
That it often overwhelms me.

27
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The simplest way I can explain
our current predicament

28
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is to briefly channel
my year nine science teacher

29
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and pretend our house
is the planet.

30
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Carbon is a miraculous
building block

31
00:03:22,750 --> 00:03:24,286
and for millions of years,

32
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our planet has been part of
a natural carbon cycle.

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Some gets released,
some gets stored,

34
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and if these things
are balanced,

35
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then equilibrium is maintained.

36
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But since the
industrial revolution,

37
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we've broken the balance

38
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and have been
dramatically increasing

39
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the release of
the earth's stored carbon

40
00:03:43,667 --> 00:03:45,282
into our atmosphere.

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For hundreds of thousands of
years,

42
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we've hovered between about
180 and 280 parts per million

43
00:03:59,042 --> 00:04:01,784
of carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere.

44
00:04:01,792 --> 00:04:03,657
But since the
industrial revolution,

45
00:04:03,667 --> 00:04:06,659
that number has shot up over 40%

46
00:04:06,667 --> 00:04:09,158
to more than
400 parts per million,

47
00:04:09,167 --> 00:04:11,624
trapping heat in our atmosphere.

48
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More than 90% of
the excess heat being trapped

49
00:04:17,125 --> 00:04:19,116
is absorbed by our oceans.

50
00:04:20,375 --> 00:04:23,867
The oceans also absorb much
of the extra carbon dioxide,

51
00:04:23,875 --> 00:04:30,075
and so are now 30% more acidic
than they were 150 years ago.

52
00:04:30,083 --> 00:04:32,699
And this is impacting
on biodiversity,

53
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as many sea creatures,
such as oysters or clams,

54
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are struggling to make
their shells.

55
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But the increased heat and
overall energy in the system

56
00:04:43,625 --> 00:04:46,617
also leads to more intense
weather events.

57
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Hotter air can hold
more moisture,

58
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so rainfalls, storms,
hurricanes, floods,

59
00:04:54,375 --> 00:04:57,082
even snowfalls
can become heavier.

60
00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:04,822
It is true that the climate
has always been changing.

61
00:05:04,833 --> 00:05:06,869
It just hasn't changed
this rapidly

62
00:05:06,875 --> 00:05:08,831
in at least 50 million years.

63
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Unfortunately,
the increase in heat

64
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also means that our polar caps
and glaciers

65
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are rapidly melting,

66
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which causes sea level rise

67
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that threatens
hundreds of millions of people

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The earth
is our collective home,

69
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but we're actually renting it
from future generations.

70
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So we need to not only rapidly
reduce our emissions...

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Man: Oi! Righto!

72
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But also find ways to sequester

73
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or draw down
the excess carbon dioxide

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that has already been
put into the system.

75
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Many scientists believe that
getting down to 350 ppm

76
00:06:00,333 --> 00:06:02,244
would be a terrific goal.

77
00:06:13,250 --> 00:06:15,741
So I think we're all
pretty aware

78
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that when it comes to
predictions of the future,

79
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they're almost entirely
negative at the moment.

80
00:06:21,000 --> 00:06:23,832
Any time you open your newsfeed
or social media,

81
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there's some kind of
doom and gloom story

82
00:06:25,625 --> 00:06:28,241
about the future of
our environment.

83
00:06:29,625 --> 00:06:32,241
And as a father, I...

84
00:06:32,250 --> 00:06:35,242
I think there's room
for a different story.

85
00:06:35,250 --> 00:06:37,582
A story that focuses
on the solutions

86
00:06:37,583 --> 00:06:39,699
to some of these problems.

87
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So my plan is to go out and
find some of these solutions

88
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and then create a vision
of a different future

89
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for our daughter.

90
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What about...

91
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Damon: I want to show her
what the world would look like

92
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if the solutions I find
were implemented today.

93
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So, what would the world
look like in 2040

94
00:06:59,750 --> 00:07:03,117
if we just embraced
the best that already exists?

95
00:07:04,500 --> 00:07:06,741
And that's my only rule.

96
00:07:06,750 --> 00:07:09,492
Everything I show her in
this 2040,

97
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has to exist today,
in some form.

98
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I can't make it up.

99
00:07:15,750 --> 00:07:18,116
- Velvet: See you, dadda.
- See you, darling.

100
00:07:22,250 --> 00:07:23,456
Have fun.

101
00:07:24,500 --> 00:07:26,832
Damon: I'm calling it
an exercise in

102
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fact-based dreaming.

103
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The first step in this exercise
was to consult the generation

104
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who'll be sharing the future
with our daughter.

105
00:08:04,875 --> 00:08:06,365
- Hi, everybody.
- Kids: Morning.

106
00:08:06,375 --> 00:08:08,240
Morning. My name is Damon.

107
00:08:08,250 --> 00:08:10,491
Now, do you guys know where
we've come from today?

108
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Do you know what country
that I'm from?

109
00:08:12,458 --> 00:08:13,368
Kids: No.

110
00:08:13,375 --> 00:08:15,616
We have animals called platypus.

111
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- Kangaroo.
- Kids: Australia!

112
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Australia? Yeah, yeah, yeah.

113
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We've been going
all around the world

114
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and talking to lots of
different children your age,

115
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and so we're going to
ask you what kind of things

116
00:08:27,333 --> 00:08:28,823
you want to see in the future.

117
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Well, what would make me
happy in the world is...

118
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Hmm.

119
00:08:38,792 --> 00:08:40,407
I think we should get
this invention

120
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which sucks up
all of the rubbish in the world

121
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and puts it in a intergalactic
dimension,

122
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which is a rubbish dimension.

123
00:08:51,917 --> 00:08:55,114
I'd like to see deforestation
being stopped

124
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because it's ruining the planet.

125
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Animals are losing their homes.

126
00:09:10,417 --> 00:09:13,909
Cleaner water. That would
really make me happy.

127
00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:24,161
Well, I would like for
the government

128
00:09:24,167 --> 00:09:28,240
to have done something on
global warming and pollution,

129
00:09:28,250 --> 00:09:32,664
as now, I think they're not
really doing anything about it.

130
00:09:32,667 --> 00:09:34,783
You know,
just be respectful to earth.

131
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It was sobering to learn
how preoccupied the kids are

132
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with the state of the planet,

133
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and what a big job
I had ahead of me.

134
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So I began my search
for solutions with energy.

135
00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:24,414
I found myself in Bangladesh,
where the roads are chaotic...

136
00:10:26,292 --> 00:10:29,034
And people are openly
peddling ice on the streets.

137
00:10:31,542 --> 00:10:34,124
Man: Currently, Bangladesh
has one of the largest

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00:10:34,125 --> 00:10:36,036
solar home system
markets in the world.

139
00:10:36,042 --> 00:10:37,782
Over 5 million
solar home systems.

140
00:10:37,792 --> 00:10:40,624
So most households in every
rural area in Bangladesh

141
00:10:40,625 --> 00:10:42,115
actually has
a solar home system,

142
00:10:42,125 --> 00:10:43,911
and that's their primary
source of energy.

143
00:10:43,917 --> 00:10:45,248
Damon: Wow.

144
00:10:46,750 --> 00:10:51,164
This charming 23-year-old
is neel tamhane,

145
00:10:51,167 --> 00:10:53,874
who has studied alternative
energy technologies

146
00:10:53,875 --> 00:10:56,662
and come home to help
power his country.

147
00:10:58,417 --> 00:11:02,285
Turns out I wasn't the only one
who wanted to hear him talk.

148
00:11:04,625 --> 00:11:07,788
Neel: So what we do is we
interconnect solar home systems

149
00:11:07,792 --> 00:11:10,408
and we enable energy
sharing between them,

150
00:11:10,417 --> 00:11:11,907
which is basically trading,

151
00:11:11,917 --> 00:11:14,249
and the customer chooses
when they want to trade

152
00:11:14,250 --> 00:11:15,740
and when they don't.

153
00:11:17,292 --> 00:11:19,658
Instead of building large grids,

154
00:11:19,667 --> 00:11:21,908
we're proposing
a decentralised structure

155
00:11:21,917 --> 00:11:24,750
where we start building grids
bottom up.

156
00:11:26,917 --> 00:11:30,034
Damon: The setup
is quite simple.

157
00:11:30,042 --> 00:11:32,784
Any home that has solar panels
and a battery...

158
00:11:34,667 --> 00:11:36,532
Can buy this special box...

159
00:11:38,042 --> 00:11:39,782
Which connects them
to another house

160
00:11:39,792 --> 00:11:41,282
with the same setup.

161
00:11:43,250 --> 00:11:46,788
The box allows the buying
or selling of energy

162
00:11:46,792 --> 00:11:48,282
between the homes.

163
00:11:49,542 --> 00:11:50,998
But it gets better.

164
00:11:52,250 --> 00:11:54,741
Neel: There is still a segment
of the population

165
00:11:54,750 --> 00:11:56,741
that still can't afford to
buy a solar home system.

166
00:11:56,750 --> 00:11:58,286
So, instead of doing that,

167
00:11:58,292 --> 00:12:00,874
if they can just buy
a small solbox,

168
00:12:00,875 --> 00:12:02,786
they can just buy energy
when they need it.

169
00:12:02,792 --> 00:12:05,374
You fill up your solbox
with money.

170
00:12:05,375 --> 00:12:08,287
As you keep using energy,
it deducts money.

171
00:12:13,250 --> 00:12:15,036
Damon: What this means

172
00:12:15,042 --> 00:12:17,408
is that all the boxes
can connect to each other

173
00:12:17,417 --> 00:12:18,907
to form a microgrid.

174
00:12:20,292 --> 00:12:22,658
It's like a water tank
of community energy

175
00:12:22,667 --> 00:12:25,625
that people can give to
or take from.

176
00:12:27,250 --> 00:12:29,366
The beauty is that
this microgrid

177
00:12:29,375 --> 00:12:31,991
can then connect to the
adjacent village's microgrid

178
00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:34,992
and the network becomes
stronger and stronger.

179
00:12:36,542 --> 00:12:38,783
There's a mimicking of nature
here, isn't there?

180
00:12:38,792 --> 00:12:41,909
Like, in the way that
cells multiply

181
00:12:41,917 --> 00:12:44,374
and form something
and strengthen it.

182
00:12:44,375 --> 00:12:46,366
Yeah, that's a great analogy.

183
00:12:46,375 --> 00:12:48,661
You have one solar home system,

184
00:12:48,667 --> 00:12:50,749
you interconnect with your
neighbours, you make it 50.

185
00:12:50,750 --> 00:12:52,536
Slowly,
you interconnect villages.

186
00:12:52,542 --> 00:12:54,123
Once you have collected
hundreds,

187
00:12:54,125 --> 00:12:56,116
you can hook it up to the grid,
you can sell to the grid.

188
00:12:56,125 --> 00:12:57,615
Forget buying from it -

189
00:12:57,625 --> 00:12:59,411
you become the primary
energy generation source

190
00:12:59,417 --> 00:13:00,907
for the country.

191
00:13:01,917 --> 00:13:04,158
So the idea is
we are like a swarm of bees

192
00:13:04,167 --> 00:13:07,284
or a swarm of fish
that move together,

193
00:13:07,292 --> 00:13:10,250
pool in all our energies
together to run bigger loads.

194
00:13:12,625 --> 00:13:15,412
Damon: This technology
could revolutionise

195
00:13:15,417 --> 00:13:18,534
the way we distribute energy
worldwide.

196
00:13:20,875 --> 00:13:23,742
Damon: From little things,
big things grow.

197
00:13:25,417 --> 00:13:29,615
Man: When we have a
decentralised mode of energy,

198
00:13:29,625 --> 00:13:31,411
the same thing that happened
with the web,

199
00:13:31,417 --> 00:13:32,907
happens with information

200
00:13:32,917 --> 00:13:34,908
where basically,
it's Democratic.

201
00:13:34,917 --> 00:13:36,657
Energy becomes Democratic.

202
00:13:36,667 --> 00:13:39,033
But also it becomes
very efficient.

203
00:13:39,042 --> 00:13:40,498
It's far more efficient

204
00:13:40,500 --> 00:13:43,913
because you produce it at
the point where you consume it.

205
00:13:48,125 --> 00:13:51,288
Damon: Having efficient
local energy

206
00:13:51,292 --> 00:13:53,908
also provides greater resilience

207
00:13:53,917 --> 00:13:56,374
in an increasingly
hostile climate.

208
00:13:58,500 --> 00:14:00,912
Neel: And when we talk about
climate change, it's floods,

209
00:14:00,917 --> 00:14:04,159
it's natural disasters
that happen very often here.

210
00:14:04,167 --> 00:14:07,910
In the last 1.5 years, we have
seen about 5, 6 disasters.

211
00:14:11,125 --> 00:14:14,367
When you have a centralised
grid, everything breaks down

212
00:14:14,375 --> 00:14:17,242
and then it takes a long time
to build it back up.

213
00:14:20,375 --> 00:14:22,866
If we have decentralised
generation sources,

214
00:14:22,875 --> 00:14:25,412
every household has their own
generation source.

215
00:14:25,417 --> 00:14:26,532
They're independent

216
00:14:26,542 --> 00:14:28,032
and they have their power
in their own hands,

217
00:14:28,042 --> 00:14:29,532
instead of depending
on the government

218
00:14:29,542 --> 00:14:31,157
to provide it to them.

219
00:14:50,792 --> 00:14:54,114
Damon: The impact of the
locally-generated electricity

220
00:14:54,125 --> 00:14:55,911
is best seen at night.

221
00:14:58,542 --> 00:15:03,366
The influx of cash has made the
village bazaar the place to be.

222
00:15:40,500 --> 00:15:42,786
You guys have just skipped
the landline telephone.

223
00:15:42,792 --> 00:15:44,282
You've gone straight to
the mobile.

224
00:15:44,292 --> 00:15:46,783
Exactly. And it's throughout.
It's not even about energy.

225
00:15:46,792 --> 00:15:49,374
We skipped the grid
and we build our own.

226
00:15:49,375 --> 00:15:51,912
There are developing
countries like India,

227
00:15:51,917 --> 00:15:54,124
Bangladesh, a lot
of countries in east Africa

228
00:15:54,125 --> 00:15:56,491
that are trying to do
a top-down electrification.

229
00:15:56,500 --> 00:15:58,616
They are spending
billions of dollars here.

230
00:15:58,625 --> 00:16:00,115
But instead of doing that,

231
00:16:00,125 --> 00:16:02,537
if they can actually help
subsidise these systems

232
00:16:02,542 --> 00:16:04,749
and let people
own their own system,

233
00:16:04,750 --> 00:16:07,787
they would be so proud
by owning these.

234
00:16:07,792 --> 00:16:10,408
So when I'm trading energy
with you, suppose,

235
00:16:10,417 --> 00:16:13,739
you're actually paying me for
it, and I'm getting the money,

236
00:16:13,750 --> 00:16:15,866
so the money also stays
within the economy.

237
00:16:18,042 --> 00:16:19,748
This is bringing back people
together.

238
00:16:19,750 --> 00:16:22,036
Damon: Yes!

239
00:16:24,792 --> 00:16:29,365
As I left the village,
I had a renewed sense of hope.

240
00:16:29,375 --> 00:16:31,912
Particularly when neel told me

241
00:16:31,917 --> 00:16:34,249
this technology is springing up
in other countries.

242
00:16:38,167 --> 00:16:41,124
This solution is
great for our environment,

243
00:16:41,125 --> 00:16:44,538
with so many cascading benefits

244
00:16:44,542 --> 00:16:47,409
for any community
that chooses to adopt it.

245
00:16:53,792 --> 00:16:58,286
So, sticking to my rule of only
showing what exists today,

246
00:16:58,292 --> 00:17:01,409
here's what the future
of energy could look like

247
00:17:01,417 --> 00:17:02,907
for my daughter.

248
00:17:11,625 --> 00:17:13,832
This, velvet, could be you.

249
00:17:14,875 --> 00:17:16,240
Or this.

250
00:17:17,333 --> 00:17:18,994
Or even this.

251
00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:20,956
We love you.

252
00:17:20,958 --> 00:17:23,620
And this could be where
you live.

253
00:17:24,875 --> 00:17:26,115
Or here.

254
00:17:28,500 --> 00:17:30,491
Or even here.

255
00:17:30,500 --> 00:17:32,365
But probably not here.

256
00:17:32,375 --> 00:17:36,823
Darling! It's seven o'clock!
It's time for family yoga!

257
00:17:41,750 --> 00:17:43,456
Crystal, bring up energy.

258
00:17:44,625 --> 00:17:46,865
Automated voice: Certainly.
What would you like me to do?

259
00:17:48,250 --> 00:17:51,117
Damon: Imagine if your house
in 2040

260
00:17:51,125 --> 00:17:52,865
is part of a microgrid

261
00:17:52,875 --> 00:17:56,072
that helps power the economy
throughout your city.

262
00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:04,491
Imagine if your windows
are solar glass

263
00:18:04,500 --> 00:18:06,616
and come standard in new homes.

264
00:18:08,250 --> 00:18:12,448
And your solar battery
is cheap and recyclable.

265
00:18:14,458 --> 00:18:17,996
This could allow you to
donate your excess energy.

266
00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:19,956
I'm going away for four days.

267
00:18:19,958 --> 00:18:22,074
Crystal: Would you like to
share or sell?

268
00:18:22,083 --> 00:18:25,325
Share. Hurricane relief.

269
00:18:25,333 --> 00:18:27,369
Crystal: Done. You're a legend.

270
00:18:27,375 --> 00:18:29,115
Thanks.

271
00:18:29,125 --> 00:18:30,740
- Crystal: Humans are awesome.
- Ok.

272
00:18:30,750 --> 00:18:33,492
Crystal: That choice
was good for your soul.

273
00:18:33,500 --> 00:18:34,831
Alright.

274
00:18:35,875 --> 00:18:37,615
Tony: Every home
is going to have a battery

275
00:18:37,625 --> 00:18:40,207
that's going to store
as much electricity

276
00:18:40,208 --> 00:18:41,698
as it possibly can store.

277
00:18:41,708 --> 00:18:43,869
And all the governments
in the world

278
00:18:43,875 --> 00:18:45,740
cannot push back against that

279
00:18:45,750 --> 00:18:48,241
because folks are going to go
buy it at the store,

280
00:18:48,250 --> 00:18:51,367
at Ikea, at Walmart,
at the supermarket.

281
00:18:51,375 --> 00:18:52,865
And it's going to be very cheap.

282
00:18:52,875 --> 00:18:54,866
So cheap that you're not even
going to notice.

283
00:18:59,500 --> 00:19:01,832
Damon: If cheaper
home energy systems

284
00:19:01,833 --> 00:19:04,825
are combined with more people
demanding clean energy

285
00:19:04,833 --> 00:19:06,323
from their politicians,
darling...

286
00:19:07,750 --> 00:19:09,365
Then there's a chance
many countries

287
00:19:09,375 --> 00:19:13,368
could be close to
100% renewable by 2040.

288
00:19:17,750 --> 00:19:19,240
What I can guarantee

289
00:19:19,250 --> 00:19:21,741
is that not only will I be
an embarrassing dad...

290
00:19:21,750 --> 00:19:23,240
Find news.

291
00:19:24,333 --> 00:19:27,120
But that natural disasters
will increase their intensity

292
00:19:27,125 --> 00:19:28,831
over the next two decades.

293
00:19:30,458 --> 00:19:32,870
Man: Absolute chaos.

294
00:19:32,875 --> 00:19:35,582
Woman: Run, run! Get out!
Run, run!

295
00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:40,241
Man: God. Oh, my god!

296
00:19:41,708 --> 00:19:43,244
Woman: Whoa!

297
00:19:49,875 --> 00:19:51,456
But what I now know

298
00:19:51,458 --> 00:19:54,370
is that we actually have
everything we need

299
00:19:54,375 --> 00:19:57,117
on both a large and small-scale

300
00:19:57,125 --> 00:20:00,117
to power us through
these disasters.

301
00:20:01,375 --> 00:20:03,115
And by building new grids,

302
00:20:03,125 --> 00:20:06,447
loads of people
will get loads of jobs.

303
00:20:07,625 --> 00:20:09,365
- Oh, that's good.
- Mmm.

304
00:20:11,083 --> 00:20:14,871
But what would be really great
during this transition, velvet,

305
00:20:14,875 --> 00:20:18,072
is if the people who work
in the fossil fuel industry

306
00:20:18,083 --> 00:20:22,452
are given support and funding
for retraining in new careers.

307
00:20:24,083 --> 00:20:27,575
Paid for by redirecting some of
the $10 million a minute

308
00:20:27,583 --> 00:20:31,747
governments currently spend
subsidising fossil fuels.

309
00:20:56,833 --> 00:20:59,620
What struck me
about the microgrids

310
00:20:59,625 --> 00:21:02,457
is that the profits from
the shared energy

311
00:21:02,458 --> 00:21:05,825
stay within the community
and empower individuals,

312
00:21:05,833 --> 00:21:08,996
rather than going to a big
energy company elsewhere.

313
00:21:10,833 --> 00:21:14,075
But it turns out microgrids
are currently illegal

314
00:21:14,083 --> 00:21:15,573
in some countries.

315
00:21:18,083 --> 00:21:20,745
If we recognised
that our well-being

316
00:21:20,750 --> 00:21:23,332
fundamentally depends
upon the stability

317
00:21:23,333 --> 00:21:25,244
and the thriving of this planet,

318
00:21:25,250 --> 00:21:26,740
we would put that at the heart

319
00:21:26,750 --> 00:21:28,240
of the economic system
we create.

320
00:21:30,125 --> 00:21:32,616
Damon: I met with
the economist Kate raworth

321
00:21:32,625 --> 00:21:34,331
in an appropriate location.

322
00:21:36,250 --> 00:21:38,741
Kate is proposing
a new economic framework

323
00:21:38,750 --> 00:21:41,082
designed for our current
predicament.

324
00:21:42,500 --> 00:21:45,617
Today's economy,
the returns of production

325
00:21:45,625 --> 00:21:47,616
are accruing to a 1%,

326
00:21:47,625 --> 00:21:49,206
which leaves us with

327
00:21:49,208 --> 00:21:50,948
these extraordinary levels
of inequality.

328
00:21:50,958 --> 00:21:52,619
So we need to create an economy

329
00:21:52,625 --> 00:21:55,457
in which value created
is shared far more equitably

330
00:21:55,458 --> 00:21:57,244
with all those
who help create it.

331
00:21:57,250 --> 00:22:00,367
And daft though it sounds, I
think it looks like a doughnut.

332
00:22:00,375 --> 00:22:02,240
The kind with the hole
in the middle.

333
00:22:02,250 --> 00:22:05,083
So, in the hole in the middle
of that doughnut

334
00:22:06,625 --> 00:22:08,115
on life's essentials -

335
00:22:08,125 --> 00:22:10,241
be it food,

336
00:22:10,250 --> 00:22:12,115
housing,

337
00:22:12,125 --> 00:22:13,865
education,

338
00:22:13,875 --> 00:22:15,115
water,

339
00:22:15,125 --> 00:22:17,241
energy,

340
00:22:17,250 --> 00:22:20,083
and so we want to get everybody
in the world out of that hole.

341
00:22:22,250 --> 00:22:26,323
But we also can't go beyond
the doughnut's outer crust,

342
00:22:26,333 --> 00:22:28,324
because there we start to put
so much pressure

343
00:22:28,333 --> 00:22:29,823
on this extraordinary planet,

344
00:22:29,833 --> 00:22:31,573
causing climate breakdown...

345
00:22:33,250 --> 00:22:34,581
Biodiversity loss...

346
00:22:36,375 --> 00:22:37,615
Air-pollution...

347
00:22:39,083 --> 00:22:40,698
Too much land conversion.

348
00:22:41,625 --> 00:22:44,582
We kick out of kilter this
extraordinary living planet

349
00:22:44,583 --> 00:22:46,448
on which all of our well-being
depends.

350
00:22:49,750 --> 00:22:52,116
Last century's economists
didn't see this.

351
00:22:52,125 --> 00:22:54,867
No phase of humanity
has encountered this before.

352
00:22:54,875 --> 00:22:57,241
It's our generational challenge.

353
00:22:57,250 --> 00:22:58,865
We need new ideas to do this.

354
00:23:01,875 --> 00:23:05,572
The wonderful thing about
the microgrids

355
00:23:05,583 --> 00:23:08,871
is that they fit beautifully
within the doughnut framework.

356
00:23:10,000 --> 00:23:13,242
The solar energy helps restore
the outer boundaries

357
00:23:13,250 --> 00:23:14,740
like climate change...

358
00:23:15,833 --> 00:23:17,243
And air-pollution...

359
00:23:18,750 --> 00:23:20,456
But on the inner boundaries,

360
00:23:20,458 --> 00:23:23,370
more people are pulled
into the doughnut

361
00:23:23,375 --> 00:23:26,242
by improving health,
with less kerosene use...

362
00:23:27,583 --> 00:23:30,450
Education, by providing light
to study...

363
00:23:31,958 --> 00:23:33,243
Income equality,

364
00:23:33,250 --> 00:23:35,457
by keeping profits within
the local economy...

365
00:23:36,750 --> 00:23:38,115
And networks,

366
00:23:38,125 --> 00:23:41,197
because the microgrid now
interconnects households.

367
00:23:57,000 --> 00:24:00,618
I am going to invent a plane
and...

368
00:24:00,625 --> 00:24:02,616
You type in the coordinates
where...

369
00:24:02,625 --> 00:24:06,743
What you want it... where you
want it to go and...

370
00:24:06,750 --> 00:24:09,617
In a split second, you're there.

371
00:24:09,625 --> 00:24:12,332
I think electric cars
would help the environment

372
00:24:12,333 --> 00:24:14,619
because that causes
less pollution.

373
00:24:14,625 --> 00:24:19,369
And maybe, um, get electric
cars if they can, um,

374
00:24:19,375 --> 00:24:21,866
'cause that reduces,
like, fossil fuels

375
00:24:21,875 --> 00:24:23,866
and then that also stops
global warming.

376
00:24:23,875 --> 00:24:25,615
And instead of using cars,

377
00:24:25,625 --> 00:24:27,866
I would like to use
rocket boots to go around

378
00:24:27,875 --> 00:24:30,082
and they would be
powered by plants.

379
00:24:30,083 --> 00:24:32,870
Oh, that would be so cool.
That would be awesome.

380
00:24:32,875 --> 00:24:34,331
And rocket boots, I think,

381
00:24:34,333 --> 00:24:37,746
would really cool to see people
flying around the city in.

382
00:24:37,750 --> 00:24:39,832
And also I want it to go
worldwide

383
00:24:39,833 --> 00:24:41,869
and I want to try
and invent them.

384
00:24:49,500 --> 00:24:51,456
Damon: So, it's interesting

385
00:24:51,458 --> 00:24:53,494
being in some of these
big American cities,

386
00:24:53,500 --> 00:24:55,115
the traffic is just diabolical.

387
00:24:55,125 --> 00:24:56,956
And I can see that it...

388
00:24:56,958 --> 00:24:59,825
You know, I consider myself
quite a happy person, you know.

389
00:24:59,833 --> 00:25:01,744
I've got not a lot to
complain about.

390
00:25:02,875 --> 00:25:04,365
But I'm really...

391
00:25:05,833 --> 00:25:09,451
Feeling a bit antsy
in this traffic and, um...

392
00:25:09,458 --> 00:25:10,868
It kind of does that to you.

393
00:25:10,875 --> 00:25:13,867
And I think probably
a lot of people

394
00:25:13,875 --> 00:25:15,991
might not put that as a factor

395
00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:17,865
because they've got other
things going on in their life,

396
00:25:17,875 --> 00:25:19,365
but if you do have things
in your life

397
00:25:19,375 --> 00:25:20,865
that are bothering you,

398
00:25:20,875 --> 00:25:22,957
then you throw yourself
into this environment...

399
00:25:22,958 --> 00:25:24,619
Things can get a little tense.

400
00:25:24,625 --> 00:25:26,616
And I've been tempted to
jump on the horn

401
00:25:26,625 --> 00:25:28,365
and abuse couple of people.

402
00:25:36,375 --> 00:25:38,081
In the us right now,

403
00:25:38,083 --> 00:25:41,871
road vehicles contribute
to 20% of emissions.

404
00:25:44,750 --> 00:25:48,993
But our environment and sanity
will be severely tested

405
00:25:49,000 --> 00:25:52,117
with predictions of an extra
one billion cars worldwide

406
00:25:52,125 --> 00:25:53,615
by 2040.

407
00:25:53,625 --> 00:25:54,865
J here in my car

408
00:25:54,875 --> 00:25:56,740
j I feel safest of all

409
00:25:56,750 --> 00:25:58,706
j I can lock all my doors... j&

410
00:25:58,708 --> 00:26:02,747
a possible solution could be
replacing car ownership

411
00:26:02,750 --> 00:26:05,332
with on-demand
driverless vehicles.

412
00:26:08,875 --> 00:26:12,367
The same way that we
went from owning DVDs or cds

413
00:26:12,375 --> 00:26:13,956
or records or whatever,

414
00:26:13,958 --> 00:26:16,119
to having all of those
on demand -

415
00:26:16,125 --> 00:26:18,332
essentially Netflix and so on -

416
00:26:18,333 --> 00:26:21,996
the same thing is going to
happen with transportation.

417
00:26:24,250 --> 00:26:26,366
Damon: I wasn't sure I'd trust
a driverless car

418
00:26:26,375 --> 00:26:28,206
with my daughter,

419
00:26:28,208 --> 00:26:29,869
so I subjected this prototype

420
00:26:29,875 --> 00:26:32,366
to the surprise pedestrian test.

421
00:26:35,083 --> 00:26:36,948
Ah! Yes!

422
00:26:38,750 --> 00:26:40,957
Robots - 1, human - 0.

423
00:26:43,500 --> 00:26:46,116
The next test was
a little more challenging.

424
00:26:47,250 --> 00:26:48,615
Traffic.

425
00:26:49,875 --> 00:26:51,365
When I push this button,

426
00:26:51,375 --> 00:26:53,491
this car will be driving itself.

427
00:26:53,500 --> 00:26:55,365
And, um, wish me luck.

428
00:27:03,833 --> 00:27:05,118
Right.

429
00:27:07,875 --> 00:27:11,447
So, this is my first experience
in a driverless vehicle,

430
00:27:11,458 --> 00:27:12,823
and, uh...

431
00:27:14,458 --> 00:27:15,994
I'm a little bit nervous

432
00:27:16,000 --> 00:27:17,991
because that wheel
is turning by itself.

433
00:27:19,500 --> 00:27:21,456
Siri, please look after me.

434
00:27:22,833 --> 00:27:25,620
So, yeah, you can see
that's our car tracking there,

435
00:27:25,625 --> 00:27:28,492
and the little lidar,
the radar on top

436
00:27:28,500 --> 00:27:30,456
is reading out
all the information

437
00:27:30,458 --> 00:27:32,870
I think, about 50m ahead of us

438
00:27:32,875 --> 00:27:36,743
and scanning the area and
determining what's around us,

439
00:27:36,750 --> 00:27:39,241
what other obstacles,
what it should look out for -

440
00:27:39,250 --> 00:27:42,617
pedestrians, bike riders,
other cars.

441
00:27:42,625 --> 00:27:44,991
So it's constantly
ahead of us, predicting.

442
00:27:46,375 --> 00:27:48,491
Tony: Two things
are going to happen.

443
00:27:48,500 --> 00:27:51,367
We're all going to have
a massive fleet of cars

444
00:27:51,375 --> 00:27:54,367
that are going to pick you
up at home, take you to work,

445
00:27:54,375 --> 00:27:56,331
take you to the supermarket
and so on,

446
00:27:56,333 --> 00:27:57,869
and the other one -

447
00:27:57,875 --> 00:28:01,948
even if you already own a car
that you already paid off,

448
00:28:01,958 --> 00:28:05,621
it's going to be four times
more expensive

449
00:28:05,625 --> 00:28:07,866
just to own that car

450
00:28:07,875 --> 00:28:10,617
than it is to access
transportation as a service,

451
00:28:10,625 --> 00:28:12,490
so, autonomous
electric vehicles.

452
00:28:16,583 --> 00:28:19,746
Damon: I do like the freedom
of my own car,

453
00:28:19,750 --> 00:28:21,615
so the big question is

454
00:28:21,625 --> 00:28:23,866
are enough of us
willing to give that up

455
00:28:23,875 --> 00:28:26,332
and embrace shared
transportation?

456
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:29,490
One of the interesting
challenges

457
00:28:29,500 --> 00:28:32,367
about a future of vehicles
that involves ridesharing,

458
00:28:32,375 --> 00:28:34,582
is that we have all these ideas
tied up with owning vehicles

459
00:28:34,583 --> 00:28:36,073
that have very little to do with

460
00:28:36,083 --> 00:28:37,493
getting us from
point a to point b,

461
00:28:37,500 --> 00:28:40,207
and all to do with what those
things said about us.

462
00:28:40,208 --> 00:28:42,995
So, you know, they became
symbols of independence

463
00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:44,365
and freedom.

464
00:28:44,375 --> 00:28:47,822
They became symbols of class
and wealth and capital.

465
00:28:47,833 --> 00:28:50,870
Now, the reality is, of course,
we haven't had cars forever.

466
00:28:50,875 --> 00:28:52,866
And the notion of cars
as status symbols

467
00:28:52,875 --> 00:28:54,365
and signals of independence -

468
00:28:54,375 --> 00:28:56,331
that's 60, 70 years old,
at most,

469
00:28:56,333 --> 00:28:58,119
and less than that
in most places.

470
00:28:58,125 --> 00:29:02,118
And so the idea that we
can uncouple those things

471
00:29:02,125 --> 00:29:03,365
isn't impossible.

472
00:29:03,375 --> 00:29:05,331
And frankly, they only ever got
coupled in the first place

473
00:29:05,333 --> 00:29:06,869
because of advertising.

474
00:29:09,625 --> 00:29:13,368
Damon: If we did embrace
on-demand transport,

475
00:29:13,375 --> 00:29:17,118
much like we now require
fewer cds or DVDs...

476
00:29:19,125 --> 00:29:21,241
We'd also require
fewer vehicles...

477
00:29:24,083 --> 00:29:26,369
And almost no parking space.

478
00:29:30,125 --> 00:29:34,494
Tony: Two thirds of la
is parking and roads.

479
00:29:35,583 --> 00:29:39,622
You could fit three cities
the size of San Francisco

480
00:29:39,625 --> 00:29:42,367
in the empty parking space

481
00:29:42,375 --> 00:29:46,243
left by the autonomous vehicle
disruption.

482
00:29:47,333 --> 00:29:50,450
And so, as a society,
we need to make decisions.

483
00:29:50,458 --> 00:29:52,744
What do we do
with all that parking space

484
00:29:52,750 --> 00:29:54,615
that's going to be vacant?

485
00:29:59,875 --> 00:30:03,242
So, here's what 2040 could
look like for my daughter

486
00:30:03,250 --> 00:30:06,083
without an extra billion cars.

487
00:30:14,583 --> 00:30:16,869
As you head off to your first
school dance, velvet...

488
00:30:16,875 --> 00:30:18,957
Family hug. Family hug.

489
00:30:18,958 --> 00:30:20,698
It will be nice
not having to worry

490
00:30:20,708 --> 00:30:22,448
about your date's
driving skills.

491
00:30:24,125 --> 00:30:28,994
Look, dad! A ghost must be
driving! Spooky!

492
00:30:33,125 --> 00:30:35,116
I imagine your date
to be very kind.

493
00:30:36,500 --> 00:30:38,081
And very impotent.

494
00:30:41,583 --> 00:30:43,574
All the cars that
your mum and I ever owned

495
00:30:43,583 --> 00:30:45,244
were stranded assets,

496
00:30:45,250 --> 00:30:49,368
meaning that 96% of the time
they were parked or unused.

497
00:30:49,375 --> 00:30:50,956
But now, in 2040,

498
00:30:50,958 --> 00:30:54,246
with driver costs gone
and the rideshare explosion,

499
00:30:54,250 --> 00:30:56,957
fewer people actually own cars.

500
00:30:56,958 --> 00:31:00,121
They get around in
luxurious pods like this

501
00:31:00,125 --> 00:31:01,990
for next to nothing.

502
00:31:03,458 --> 00:31:06,825
It's just inner cities that are
likely to be driverless only.

503
00:31:07,875 --> 00:31:09,866
And we could really
fatten the doughnut

504
00:31:09,875 --> 00:31:11,957
if vehicles were
community-owned.

505
00:31:17,250 --> 00:31:18,865
But I secretly hope, darling,

506
00:31:18,875 --> 00:31:21,742
that rocket boots girl
has achieved her ambition

507
00:31:21,750 --> 00:31:24,457
of worldwide domination.

508
00:31:24,458 --> 00:31:26,369
Reporter: So, this is
a huge disruption

509
00:31:26,375 --> 00:31:29,082
of a massive part of
the labour force.

510
00:31:29,083 --> 00:31:32,246
Damon: Inevitably, there'll be
debates around this technology.

511
00:31:33,500 --> 00:31:36,332
But if enough of us
embrace ridesharing,

512
00:31:36,333 --> 00:31:40,872
we could reclaim our cities
for humans instead of vehicles,

513
00:31:40,875 --> 00:31:43,491
and generate
millions of new jobs.

514
00:32:00,958 --> 00:32:02,949
Kate: This is big vision.

515
00:32:02,958 --> 00:32:05,370
We just need to have
that vision now.

516
00:32:05,375 --> 00:32:07,616
A lot of people want to be
working on something

517
00:32:07,625 --> 00:32:09,616
that they can see is actually
helping to regenerate

518
00:32:09,625 --> 00:32:12,367
and innovatively
recreate the world.

519
00:32:16,250 --> 00:32:19,492
Damon: The extra space in our
cities could allow the building

520
00:32:19,500 --> 00:32:22,242
of more low-cost
sustainable homes.

521
00:32:25,625 --> 00:32:30,449
And we could see the growth
of remanufacturing industries,

522
00:32:30,458 --> 00:32:33,450
which might convert
existing vehicles to electric.

523
00:32:38,000 --> 00:32:41,117
But most exciting could be
the urban food farms

524
00:32:41,125 --> 00:32:43,241
that spring up
in empty parking lots.

525
00:32:46,125 --> 00:32:48,366
Or inside disused car parks.

526
00:32:50,708 --> 00:32:54,246
And imagine having fresh local
food growing on our rooftops.

527
00:32:57,500 --> 00:33:01,493
This would also contribute to
a much healthier environment.

528
00:33:03,375 --> 00:33:05,741
Man: It's unbeatable to grow
food in your own backyard.

529
00:33:05,750 --> 00:33:07,240
It's unbeatable to grow food

530
00:33:07,250 --> 00:33:09,081
all through and around
your city.

531
00:33:09,083 --> 00:33:12,371
It's unbeatable to grow
food on your roof.

532
00:33:12,375 --> 00:33:17,449
Those are the absolute
gold standard of emissions.

533
00:33:21,125 --> 00:33:23,957
Damon: One day you will be
amazed by the distances

534
00:33:23,958 --> 00:33:25,869
some of our food travelled.

535
00:33:28,333 --> 00:33:30,198
Velvet: Bring up data for 2016.

536
00:33:31,625 --> 00:33:36,073
In 2016, the us was importing
the same amount of beef

537
00:33:36,083 --> 00:33:37,698
as it was exporting.

538
00:33:43,375 --> 00:33:46,492
Fish caught in Norway was flown
to China for filleting.

539
00:33:48,583 --> 00:33:50,824
Then flown back to Norway
to be sold.

540
00:33:53,125 --> 00:33:54,740
What were you guys thinking?

541
00:33:55,750 --> 00:33:57,240
Well, sometimes we weren't.

542
00:33:58,333 --> 00:33:59,994
But how's this?

543
00:34:01,083 --> 00:34:03,620
If we electrify
our transport systems

544
00:34:03,625 --> 00:34:06,241
and frankly, make them
far more attractive...

545
00:34:07,500 --> 00:34:10,867
A lot more fossil fuels
will stay in the ground.

546
00:34:12,125 --> 00:34:13,615
If nobody's going to buy

547
00:34:13,625 --> 00:34:15,741
internal combustion engine
petrol cars,

548
00:34:15,750 --> 00:34:17,866
nobody's going to buy oil.

549
00:34:17,875 --> 00:34:22,744
What we see is that oil demand
is going to peak

550
00:34:22,750 --> 00:34:26,413
and it's going to
go down dramatically.

551
00:34:26,417 --> 00:34:28,157
And it's never coming back.

552
00:34:30,417 --> 00:34:33,864
Damon: This means areas like
the tar sands oil fields

553
00:34:33,875 --> 00:34:36,787
could be magnificently
transformed.

554
00:34:46,417 --> 00:34:49,659
If you do choose to
live in a city, velvet,

555
00:34:49,667 --> 00:34:51,282
I hope it's a bit like this.

556
00:34:54,875 --> 00:34:57,912
A city where
so many of the public parks,

557
00:34:57,917 --> 00:35:03,116
urban food projects
and cleaner transport networks,

558
00:35:03,125 --> 00:35:05,992
all contribute to
a healthier environment,

559
00:35:06,000 --> 00:35:08,412
while fostering a greater sense
of community..

560
00:35:10,042 --> 00:35:12,408
And a hell of a lot less
road rage.

561
00:35:21,625 --> 00:35:23,115
But the bonus

562
00:35:23,125 --> 00:35:26,288
is that you can now actually
hear birds singing

563
00:35:26,292 --> 00:35:27,998
in the middle of the city.

564
00:35:40,667 --> 00:35:43,534
As wonderful as
this future could be,

565
00:35:43,542 --> 00:35:46,909
I was pretty gobsmacked
to learn that vested interests

566
00:35:46,917 --> 00:35:49,909
now spend almost
$1 billion a year

567
00:35:49,917 --> 00:35:52,750
preventing us from actually
lowering our emissions.

568
00:35:56,417 --> 00:35:58,624
So, the fossil fuel industry

569
00:35:58,625 --> 00:36:00,411
have being doing
a magnificent job

570
00:36:00,417 --> 00:36:02,874
at copying the tobacco playbook

571
00:36:02,875 --> 00:36:06,288
in creating doubt and confusion
amongst the public.

572
00:36:06,292 --> 00:36:08,658
And I've been following
some of their key players,

573
00:36:08,667 --> 00:36:10,749
their sneaky players, online,

574
00:36:10,750 --> 00:36:12,286
just to try and learn
and understand

575
00:36:12,292 --> 00:36:13,782
some of the tactics.

576
00:36:13,792 --> 00:36:15,282
So, one of the things they do

577
00:36:15,292 --> 00:36:16,782
is that they create websites

578
00:36:16,792 --> 00:36:18,999
that sound and look
very Sincere,

579
00:36:19,000 --> 00:36:20,911
but are full of misinformation.

580
00:36:20,917 --> 00:36:24,489
You see here the innocent
hummingbird, the leaf.

581
00:36:24,500 --> 00:36:26,161
They'll also fund think tanks

582
00:36:26,167 --> 00:36:28,249
that come up with really clever
cultural memes

583
00:36:31,417 --> 00:36:33,533
and these are things like,
you know,

584
00:36:33,542 --> 00:36:35,248
"climate science isn't settled",

585
00:36:35,250 --> 00:36:37,411
which is ripped
straight from tobacco.

586
00:36:37,417 --> 00:36:38,907
Or "climate change
is a religion".

587
00:36:38,917 --> 00:36:40,657
That's another one.
It's very evocative.

588
00:36:40,667 --> 00:36:43,499
They'll also used fake bots
or algorithms

589
00:36:43,500 --> 00:36:46,037
that appear to be humans
on social media,

590
00:36:46,042 --> 00:36:47,998
and what this does
is creates a sense

591
00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:50,912
that they have more support
than they actually do.

592
00:36:50,917 --> 00:36:54,364
And this one's pretty key
because companies like exxon

593
00:36:54,375 --> 00:36:56,912
will often fund lots of
different organisations

594
00:36:56,917 --> 00:36:58,407
to make it look like

595
00:36:58,417 --> 00:37:00,282
there's this wide consensus
of climate denial,

596
00:37:00,292 --> 00:37:01,782
whereas in actual fact,

597
00:37:01,792 --> 00:37:03,748
all those different
organisations

598
00:37:03,750 --> 00:37:06,287
were funded by the same source.

599
00:37:09,917 --> 00:37:13,159
These tactics have focused
the conversation

600
00:37:13,167 --> 00:37:15,783
primarily on our emissions,

601
00:37:15,792 --> 00:37:19,410
while obscuring a crucial
component of our dilemma.

602
00:37:21,625 --> 00:37:24,287
If we ceased
all emissions today,

603
00:37:24,292 --> 00:37:26,157
if we cut emissions to zero,

604
00:37:26,167 --> 00:37:27,782
human emissions to zero,

605
00:37:27,792 --> 00:37:29,373
we would still be toast.

606
00:37:29,375 --> 00:37:31,741
We're still already over
a tipping point

607
00:37:31,750 --> 00:37:34,412
and on our way
to a point of no return.

608
00:37:34,417 --> 00:37:36,408
So we have to reduce
the emissions

609
00:37:36,417 --> 00:37:38,499
that we're producing today,

610
00:37:38,500 --> 00:37:41,162
and we also have to
sequester carbon

611
00:37:41,167 --> 00:37:43,999
and we have to remove excess
carbon from the atmosphere

612
00:37:44,000 --> 00:37:45,490
and store it.

613
00:37:50,917 --> 00:37:52,999
With an increased sense
of urgency,

614
00:37:53,000 --> 00:37:55,742
I met with Paul hawken,

615
00:37:55,750 --> 00:37:58,036
who thankfully
isn't afraid of heights.

616
00:37:59,667 --> 00:38:02,739
He's the founder of
project drawdown -

617
00:38:02,750 --> 00:38:06,789
the first comprehensive plan
to reverse global warming.

618
00:38:08,417 --> 00:38:12,365
If you look at the solutions
that we model in drawdown,

619
00:38:12,375 --> 00:38:14,866
they're virtually all
regenerative development.

620
00:38:14,875 --> 00:38:17,537
That is to say
the earth is better off,

621
00:38:17,542 --> 00:38:20,158
the people are better off,
the communities are better off,

622
00:38:20,167 --> 00:38:22,032
the creatures are better off,
the birds are better off.

623
00:38:22,042 --> 00:38:24,749
No matter what it is,
they're better off for it

624
00:38:24,750 --> 00:38:26,411
than had we not done it.

625
00:38:29,000 --> 00:38:32,868
Paul suggested I first explore
food and agriculture

626
00:38:32,875 --> 00:38:35,537
for drawdown opportunities.

627
00:38:35,542 --> 00:38:38,784
When you change agriculture
practices related to food,

628
00:38:38,792 --> 00:38:40,282
you can do two things.

629
00:38:40,292 --> 00:38:43,739
One is you stop emitting
carbon, co2,

630
00:38:43,750 --> 00:38:46,913
but you're also
sequestering carbon.

631
00:38:46,917 --> 00:38:49,283
So it's one of those sectors...
Yeah!

632
00:38:49,292 --> 00:38:51,499
That actually does both -
it's a twofer.

633
00:38:51,500 --> 00:38:53,491
Which is... not only does it
stop putting it up,

634
00:38:53,500 --> 00:38:54,990
but it actually brings it down.

635
00:38:55,000 --> 00:38:57,616
So you're flipping
a whole sector.

636
00:38:59,167 --> 00:39:02,534
Yeah, I think that people
should be eating

637
00:39:02,542 --> 00:39:05,659
more fruit and vegetable
and less sweet stuff

638
00:39:05,667 --> 00:39:09,910
and so that the sweet
stuff should be, um...

639
00:39:09,917 --> 00:39:12,408
Like, you should be rationed
on sweet stuff.

640
00:39:12,417 --> 00:39:13,907
When I grow up,

641
00:39:13,917 --> 00:39:17,785
I want it to be national
hot dog day every day.

642
00:39:17,792 --> 00:39:21,284
I want to see more trees

643
00:39:21,292 --> 00:39:26,616
and also want to see chocolate
raining from the clouds.

644
00:39:28,292 --> 00:39:30,408
Be more healthy.

645
00:39:30,417 --> 00:39:33,409
That's all I really have to
say about the food.

646
00:39:33,417 --> 00:39:36,784
Like, I wanted not so much
people eating meat

647
00:39:36,792 --> 00:39:38,407
because that's animals.

648
00:39:38,417 --> 00:39:39,907
But I do like bacon.

649
00:39:39,917 --> 00:39:41,373
Bacon's nice.

650
00:39:42,542 --> 00:39:44,032
But...

651
00:39:44,042 --> 00:39:47,739
It still, like, pigs
and I have a pig toy.

652
00:39:47,750 --> 00:39:50,913
And when I eat bacon,
I feel kind of sad.

653
00:40:02,750 --> 00:40:05,412
Man: Soil's almost
an unknown universe

654
00:40:05,417 --> 00:40:09,285
in that there's
over 6 billion microorganisms

655
00:40:09,292 --> 00:40:11,123
of huge diversity

656
00:40:11,125 --> 00:40:14,413
in a small spoonful of soil,
of healthy soil.

657
00:40:14,417 --> 00:40:16,533
Which is really quite amazing.

658
00:40:16,542 --> 00:40:18,908
Don't know who counted them,
but someone did.

659
00:40:18,917 --> 00:40:21,408
It's a tough job. Yeah.

660
00:40:25,667 --> 00:40:30,991
I was in regional Victoria
in Australia to meet col seis,

661
00:40:31,000 --> 00:40:33,412
a champion of
regenerative agriculture.

662
00:40:35,042 --> 00:40:37,909
In 1979, we had a major
bushfire at home.

663
00:40:37,917 --> 00:40:40,033
Like... a wildfire.

664
00:40:40,042 --> 00:40:42,658
And lost virtually
all of our sheep,

665
00:40:42,667 --> 00:40:44,783
which were 3,000 merino sheep.

666
00:40:44,792 --> 00:40:49,411
I went from going ok
to being broke overnight.

667
00:40:49,417 --> 00:40:50,907
So I had to work out
a way of doing it

668
00:40:50,917 --> 00:40:52,407
without spending any money.

669
00:40:52,417 --> 00:40:55,284
And I developed
a different way of farming,

670
00:40:55,292 --> 00:40:56,532
totally different,

671
00:40:56,542 --> 00:40:59,409
through 1980s and 1990s,

672
00:40:59,417 --> 00:41:02,159
which turned out to
regenerate the land.

673
00:41:02,167 --> 00:41:04,499
Damon: Using a lot less
chemicals and inputs

674
00:41:04,500 --> 00:41:06,161
than is traditionally used.

675
00:41:06,167 --> 00:41:07,998
That's right.
And since I changed -

676
00:41:08,000 --> 00:41:09,410
I actually did the figures
on it -

677
00:41:09,417 --> 00:41:13,865
I've saved over $2 million,
since I changed.

678
00:41:13,875 --> 00:41:15,615
I don't go where
the $2 million went.

679
00:41:20,417 --> 00:41:23,374
Col helps farmers around
the world use plants

680
00:41:23,375 --> 00:41:25,661
to pull carbon from
the atmosphere

681
00:41:25,667 --> 00:41:27,157
and put it into their soil...

682
00:41:28,792 --> 00:41:31,124
Because our constant
ploughing of the soil

683
00:41:31,125 --> 00:41:33,366
has released billions of
tonnes of the stuff.

684
00:41:35,417 --> 00:41:38,784
Eric: Over the last
10,000 years of agriculture,

685
00:41:38,792 --> 00:41:40,373
the degradation of soils

686
00:41:40,375 --> 00:41:44,368
has been one of the leading
causes of climate change.

687
00:41:44,375 --> 00:41:46,411
It's actually, as of right now,

688
00:41:46,417 --> 00:41:48,373
a larger cause of climate change

689
00:41:48,375 --> 00:41:50,286
than burning fossil fuels.

690
00:41:54,792 --> 00:41:58,159
Damon: I asked col to strike
a farming calendar pose

691
00:41:58,167 --> 00:42:00,374
to explain how he brings
the carbon back home.

692
00:42:03,417 --> 00:42:06,784
Plants use carbon dioxide
and energy from the sun

693
00:42:06,792 --> 00:42:08,623
to create simple sugars.

694
00:42:10,417 --> 00:42:12,999
The plant uses
some of these sugars to grow.

695
00:42:13,000 --> 00:42:15,912
The rest is pumped into
the soil, through the roots.

696
00:42:17,042 --> 00:42:19,624
These sugars feed soil microbes,

697
00:42:19,625 --> 00:42:21,741
which interact with the plant

698
00:42:21,750 --> 00:42:24,742
and the carbon dioxide
taken from the atmosphere

699
00:42:24,750 --> 00:42:27,617
is sequestered into the soil
as carbon.

700
00:42:34,792 --> 00:42:36,282
- Man: G'day!
- Fraser.

701
00:42:36,292 --> 00:42:37,782
- Hey, Damon.
- Nice to meet you, mate.

702
00:42:37,792 --> 00:42:39,282
- You too.
- How you going?

703
00:42:39,292 --> 00:42:41,499
- Very well. G'day. Col.
- G'day.

704
00:42:44,042 --> 00:42:46,374
Woman: We went to
take the kids fishing

705
00:42:46,375 --> 00:42:49,492
and we had to go and find worms
on the farm

706
00:42:49,500 --> 00:42:52,992
and Fraser was just going from
paddock to paddock

707
00:42:53,000 --> 00:42:54,536
trying to find worms.

708
00:42:54,542 --> 00:42:56,282
- There wasn't any.
- There was none.

709
00:42:56,292 --> 00:42:57,782
And it ended up...

710
00:42:57,792 --> 00:42:59,657
This fun experience
ended up being not so fun

711
00:42:59,667 --> 00:43:01,157
because there was
so much frustration

712
00:43:01,167 --> 00:43:03,874
about how come there weren't
any worms and...

713
00:43:03,875 --> 00:43:05,615
'Cause healthy soil has worms.

714
00:43:07,375 --> 00:43:09,616
Fraser: We had everything
going for our farm

715
00:43:09,625 --> 00:43:12,037
and I didn't feel that
it was getting the yields

716
00:43:12,042 --> 00:43:13,748
and getting the results that,
you know,

717
00:43:13,750 --> 00:43:15,411
I thought were going
to be there.

718
00:43:15,417 --> 00:43:18,784
And I tried just throwing
more fertiliser at it

719
00:43:18,792 --> 00:43:20,373
and that didn't seem to work.

720
00:43:20,375 --> 00:43:22,036
And so I just had
all these questions

721
00:43:22,042 --> 00:43:25,910
around what we were doing
and why we were doing it.

722
00:43:28,625 --> 00:43:30,365
So, what's going on here,
fellas?

723
00:43:30,375 --> 00:43:33,867
So, this is what we call
a chemical summer fallow.

724
00:43:33,875 --> 00:43:34,910
Damon: Yep.

725
00:43:34,917 --> 00:43:36,407
Fraser: Where we control
the weeds

726
00:43:36,417 --> 00:43:37,873
with a chemical over summer.

727
00:43:37,875 --> 00:43:39,365
So, how does that
affect the soil,

728
00:43:39,375 --> 00:43:41,286
like, in terms of the...

729
00:43:41,292 --> 00:43:43,032
Colin: This form of agriculture

730
00:43:43,042 --> 00:43:45,499
really kills
the whole soil ecosystem.

731
00:43:47,667 --> 00:43:49,908
Fraser: So, what are we
looking at there, col?

732
00:43:49,917 --> 00:43:53,114
Colin: That hard compaction,
poor-structured soil

733
00:43:53,125 --> 00:43:55,912
is really not good
in agriculture.

734
00:43:55,917 --> 00:43:58,249
Like, if you think about a plant

735
00:43:58,250 --> 00:44:01,788
trying to get through that,
it's almost impossible. Um...

736
00:44:01,792 --> 00:44:04,624
The other thing too,
water can't get in there.

737
00:44:04,625 --> 00:44:06,911
Damon: To counteract
these problems,

738
00:44:06,917 --> 00:44:10,910
col's simple advice to Fraser
was to start planting.

739
00:44:13,417 --> 00:44:14,907
Ok, so what we've done here

740
00:44:14,917 --> 00:44:17,533
is planted a mix of
different species.

741
00:44:17,542 --> 00:44:19,032
About 80 in total.

742
00:44:20,125 --> 00:44:23,288
They all play a role
in the soil health,

743
00:44:23,292 --> 00:44:25,032
with their different roots

744
00:44:25,042 --> 00:44:27,499
and their different
root exudates.

745
00:44:27,500 --> 00:44:32,415
So we've got the sunflower here
and the sorghum.

746
00:44:32,417 --> 00:44:35,033
- Um, millet.
- Damon: Yeah, right.

747
00:44:35,042 --> 00:44:36,407
Down here.

748
00:44:36,417 --> 00:44:38,749
Damon: And all these together
means with that variety,

749
00:44:38,750 --> 00:44:40,240
it's making the soil...

750
00:44:40,250 --> 00:44:41,740
It's pulling the carbon
into the soil

751
00:44:41,750 --> 00:44:42,990
and making it healthier.

752
00:44:43,000 --> 00:44:44,661
That's right. Yeah. Exactly.

753
00:44:44,667 --> 00:44:46,532
- Damon: Go, nature!
- Fraser: Yeah.

754
00:44:57,750 --> 00:45:01,288
Colin: If we go back even
a few thousand years,

755
00:45:01,292 --> 00:45:02,998
all of the grasslands
in the world

756
00:45:03,000 --> 00:45:06,538
were dominated by large mobs of
grazing animals.

757
00:45:09,042 --> 00:45:14,241
And also, they were kept moving
all the time by predators.

758
00:45:14,250 --> 00:45:16,036
So the animals -
in this case, cattle -

759
00:45:16,042 --> 00:45:18,499
are never kept on
the same area at one time.

760
00:45:20,667 --> 00:45:23,283
Damon: By letting the cattle
run amok in the crops,

761
00:45:23,292 --> 00:45:25,248
good things happen.

762
00:45:26,292 --> 00:45:29,159
They flatten the field,

763
00:45:29,167 --> 00:45:32,239
they create a utopia
for the local insects

764
00:45:32,250 --> 00:45:34,411
which becomes
a natural fertiliser,

765
00:45:34,417 --> 00:45:39,286
and crucially, they are fed
as nature intended.

766
00:45:42,417 --> 00:45:44,032
Colin: Over the last
50 or 60 years,

767
00:45:44,042 --> 00:45:47,409
we've removed animals
like cattle and sheep

768
00:45:47,417 --> 00:45:49,408
from eating their natural food

769
00:45:49,417 --> 00:45:52,124
and put them in feedlots,
eating grain.

770
00:45:52,125 --> 00:45:53,535
And we should
never have done that

771
00:45:53,542 --> 00:45:55,624
because they have never
evolved to eat grain.

772
00:45:57,042 --> 00:45:59,909
So what happens is that
the cattle are basically sick.

773
00:46:01,000 --> 00:46:04,367
And we are finding out now
that the meat from feedlots

774
00:46:04,375 --> 00:46:05,911
is not healthy for us.

775
00:46:05,917 --> 00:46:08,283
It's certainly not healthy
for the animals.

776
00:46:08,292 --> 00:46:11,284
And it's something that
we should never have done.

777
00:46:14,667 --> 00:46:16,749
Damon: Any discussion
around livestock

778
00:46:16,750 --> 00:46:19,162
has to include methane,

779
00:46:19,167 --> 00:46:22,409
which is another damaging
greenhouse gas,

780
00:46:22,417 --> 00:46:25,614
quite rudely burped out
by the cows.

781
00:46:31,917 --> 00:46:35,284
While some livestock practices
offset that damage,

782
00:46:35,292 --> 00:46:38,124
the bad news for the hot dog kid

783
00:46:38,125 --> 00:46:41,162
is that we need to embrace
a more plant-rich diet.

784
00:46:42,625 --> 00:46:44,035
And the meat we do eat

785
00:46:44,042 --> 00:46:46,909
should ideally come from
regenerative practices

786
00:46:46,917 --> 00:46:48,407
like Fraser's.

787
00:46:49,792 --> 00:46:52,249
Plant-rich diet means that
we actually reduce

788
00:46:52,250 --> 00:46:56,744
the amount of protein that
we eat in wealthier nations,

789
00:46:56,750 --> 00:46:58,286
because it's too high.

790
00:46:58,292 --> 00:47:00,658
It's 100-110g per day.

791
00:47:00,667 --> 00:47:04,740
What we model is
decreasing that to 50-60 g.

792
00:47:06,000 --> 00:47:08,241
The fact is, some people
want to eat meat.

793
00:47:08,250 --> 00:47:11,037
What meat they eat
is critically important.

794
00:47:11,042 --> 00:47:13,749
How it's produced,
how it relates to the land

795
00:47:13,750 --> 00:47:15,911
are very, very important.

796
00:47:23,417 --> 00:47:27,160
But as our climate becomes
increasingly volatile,

797
00:47:27,167 --> 00:47:30,614
this type of farming has
one more crucial advantage.

798
00:47:32,375 --> 00:47:36,994
For every 1% increase in carbon
to 30cm,

799
00:47:37,000 --> 00:47:40,413
we increase the water holding
capacity of soil

800
00:47:40,417 --> 00:47:43,614
by 166,000 litres per hectare.

801
00:47:43,625 --> 00:47:45,035
On every rainfall event.

802
00:47:48,417 --> 00:47:50,908
When it rains,
the soil on the left,

803
00:47:50,917 --> 00:47:53,784
with more carbon
and organic matter,

804
00:47:53,792 --> 00:47:57,034
absorbs the water
and less runs off the top.

805
00:47:58,792 --> 00:48:01,283
Whereas the chemical-ridden
soil on the right

806
00:48:01,292 --> 00:48:06,286
absorbs almost no water,
and allows it to run off,

807
00:48:06,292 --> 00:48:08,283
taking the chemicals with it

808
00:48:08,292 --> 00:48:10,658
into nearby rivers
and waterways.

809
00:48:13,500 --> 00:48:15,286
Colin: That's the way we can
buffer against droughts

810
00:48:15,292 --> 00:48:16,782
and dry seasons.

811
00:48:16,792 --> 00:48:18,282
Grasslands,
all around the world,

812
00:48:18,292 --> 00:48:20,999
they virtually had a built-in
irrigation system.

813
00:48:22,417 --> 00:48:25,033
Fraser: Really can see
the aggregation that's going on

814
00:48:25,042 --> 00:48:26,532
from all these roots

815
00:48:26,542 --> 00:48:28,783
of all the different plants
we've been growing in here.

816
00:48:28,792 --> 00:48:30,874
So what we've got going here
with this clod

817
00:48:30,875 --> 00:48:33,036
is basically a dry paddock

818
00:48:33,042 --> 00:48:36,785
with, um, not much growing
in it, apart from a few weeds.

819
00:48:36,792 --> 00:48:38,498
And here, three months ago,

820
00:48:38,500 --> 00:48:43,244
we planted the multi-species
grazing crop, yeah.

821
00:48:44,417 --> 00:48:46,499
Damon: So that's in three
months that's happened?

822
00:48:46,500 --> 00:48:48,661
Fraser: That's in three-months.
It's incredible, isn't it?

823
00:48:48,667 --> 00:48:51,659
That kind of represents big ag,

824
00:48:51,667 --> 00:48:54,158
and this represents
mother nature.

825
00:48:54,167 --> 00:48:56,533
And it's pretty obvious
who I'd rather

826
00:48:56,542 --> 00:48:58,658
get my source of vegetables
from.

827
00:48:58,667 --> 00:49:01,909
Fraser: Well, when we talk
about trying to work out

828
00:49:01,917 --> 00:49:04,784
some of the global problems
and trying to do it quickly,

829
00:49:04,792 --> 00:49:07,499
well, you can really see the
speed that it can happen here.

830
00:49:07,500 --> 00:49:08,910
I mean, look at all these roots.

831
00:49:08,917 --> 00:49:11,374
Like, that's all carbon pumped,
isn't it?

832
00:49:11,375 --> 00:49:15,163
It is. It really shows that
plants, plants and more plants.

833
00:49:15,167 --> 00:49:18,034
In other words,
plant diversity, um,

834
00:49:18,042 --> 00:49:19,907
plus grazing animals

835
00:49:19,917 --> 00:49:22,408
will create that
and fix our problems.

836
00:49:24,292 --> 00:49:28,160
Eric: People ask me, "well,
what can we say to farmers?"

837
00:49:28,167 --> 00:49:30,783
And the answer is,
"we can't do without you."

838
00:49:30,792 --> 00:49:33,624
We can't mitigate climate
change without agriculture,

839
00:49:33,625 --> 00:49:35,536
so we have to find ways,

840
00:49:39,042 --> 00:49:40,998
instead of part of the problem.

841
00:49:44,042 --> 00:49:45,998
Damon: Fraser will now
let his multi-species crop

842
00:49:46,000 --> 00:49:47,661
break down.

843
00:49:49,667 --> 00:49:52,158
He can then plant
his commercial crops here

844
00:49:52,167 --> 00:49:55,159
without having to break
the soil and release carbon.

845
00:49:56,917 --> 00:49:59,158
But perhaps most importantly,

846
00:49:59,167 --> 00:50:01,533
he can now
take the kids fishing.

847
00:50:12,917 --> 00:50:15,784
So, I just bake it for
20 to 30 minutes?

848
00:50:15,792 --> 00:50:17,748
Yes, that's it. You've got it.

849
00:50:17,750 --> 00:50:19,240
And then, once it's done,

850
00:50:19,250 --> 00:50:21,366
you just sprinkle the Greens
on the top and that's it.

851
00:50:21,375 --> 00:50:22,615
Beautiful.

852
00:50:22,625 --> 00:50:24,911
- Thanks, nan. Love you.
- Ok. Bye, darl.

853
00:50:24,917 --> 00:50:26,282
Bye!

854
00:50:26,292 --> 00:50:29,124
Damon: By 2040, my hope, velvet,

855
00:50:29,125 --> 00:50:31,411
is that more people
will have an understanding

856
00:50:31,417 --> 00:50:34,784
of how the foods they eat
impact our environment.

857
00:50:37,125 --> 00:50:39,116
If this transpires,

858
00:50:39,125 --> 00:50:41,787
your generation are likely
to eat a lot less meat

859
00:50:41,792 --> 00:50:43,282
than mine did.

860
00:50:46,250 --> 00:50:48,036
There's no doubt
we'll continue our obsession

861
00:50:48,042 --> 00:50:49,407
with fad diets.

862
00:50:49,417 --> 00:50:52,159
We find it's the flavour-free
diet that's the way to go

863
00:50:52,167 --> 00:50:53,623
because let's face it -

864
00:50:53,625 --> 00:50:55,115
it's the flavour
that gets us into trouble.

865
00:50:55,125 --> 00:50:56,911
Isn't that right?

866
00:50:56,917 --> 00:50:58,908
Damon: I'll just love
tending our garden.

867
00:50:59,917 --> 00:51:01,407
From an app.

868
00:51:02,917 --> 00:51:05,499
And your mum and I will
completely understand

869
00:51:05,500 --> 00:51:07,786
when you start avoiding
dinner at our house.

870
00:51:13,042 --> 00:51:15,283
With less global
consumption of meat,

871
00:51:15,292 --> 00:51:18,284
aided by some pretty convincing
substitutes...

872
00:51:21,250 --> 00:51:23,992
We could see many feedlots
close down.

873
00:51:26,542 --> 00:51:29,158
And animals returned to the land

874
00:51:29,167 --> 00:51:31,158
for use in regenerative farming.

875
00:51:36,042 --> 00:51:38,283
But just imagine
what we could do

876
00:51:40,917 --> 00:51:44,159
that is currently being used
to grow food for animals.

877
00:51:48,500 --> 00:51:50,286
This land could transition

878
00:51:50,292 --> 00:51:53,249
to a range of
regenerative practices

879
00:51:53,250 --> 00:51:57,664
that drawdown vast amounts
of carbon into the soil,

880
00:51:57,667 --> 00:52:00,158
while retaining precious water

881
00:52:00,167 --> 00:52:02,658
and producing
nutrient-dense food.

882
00:52:08,125 --> 00:52:13,119
Instead of soy or grains, we
could feed the animals grass,

883
00:52:13,125 --> 00:52:16,913
crop residue, or food waste.

884
00:52:17,917 --> 00:52:20,408
This would improve
the health of the animals,

885
00:52:20,417 --> 00:52:23,784
the people who choose to
eat them

886
00:52:23,792 --> 00:52:25,657
and our environment.

887
00:52:32,000 --> 00:52:34,742
The steep croplands
around the world, darling,

888
00:52:34,750 --> 00:52:36,615
could be used to grow foods

889
00:52:36,625 --> 00:52:39,367
that also draw down huge
amounts of carbon.

890
00:52:41,500 --> 00:52:44,913
A practice called agroforestry
does this

891
00:52:44,917 --> 00:52:47,784
by simultaneously growing foods
like pawpaw,

892
00:52:47,792 --> 00:52:52,286
bananas, coffee, avocados
or vegetables,

893
00:52:52,292 --> 00:52:55,784
but crucially,
on small parcels of land.

894
00:52:58,417 --> 00:53:01,784
Woman: With highly diversified
local food systems,

895
00:53:01,792 --> 00:53:06,991
you have a way of really
dramatically decreasing

896
00:53:07,000 --> 00:53:11,790
the scale of land, water,
energy needed,

897
00:53:11,792 --> 00:53:13,748
and massively increasing

898
00:53:13,750 --> 00:53:15,661
how much you can get
from that land.

899
00:53:22,667 --> 00:53:25,158
Industrial ag says,
"without us, you're not...

900
00:53:25,167 --> 00:53:26,907
"You're going to starve.
You're not going to eat.”

901
00:53:26,917 --> 00:53:29,784
Well, actually between 70% and
80% of the food in the world

902
00:53:29,792 --> 00:53:31,657
is created by small holders.

903
00:53:35,792 --> 00:53:40,365
Industrial ag provides
20% of the food in the world.

904
00:53:40,375 --> 00:53:44,539
Most of that is corn
and soy fed to animals.

905
00:53:44,542 --> 00:53:47,409
A lot of that is sugar,
which we don't need.

906
00:53:48,667 --> 00:53:52,034
So the idea that big ag
is going to save us,

907
00:53:52,042 --> 00:53:54,784
or without which we cannot exist

908
00:53:54,792 --> 00:53:56,532
is absolutely upside down
and backwards,

909
00:53:56,542 --> 00:53:58,282
because they produce sickness,

910
00:53:58,292 --> 00:54:00,658
they produce obesity,
they produce diabetes.

911
00:54:00,667 --> 00:54:02,282
That's what big ag is producing.

912
00:54:05,417 --> 00:54:06,998
Damon: I hope one day, velvet,

913
00:54:07,000 --> 00:54:10,413
you get to read the story of
how we reached this future.

914
00:54:13,625 --> 00:54:15,616
It's about how those
who polluted our air

915
00:54:15,625 --> 00:54:17,490
with excess carbon

916
00:54:17,500 --> 00:54:19,161
had to pay a penalty.

917
00:54:20,750 --> 00:54:22,240
And the money raised

918
00:54:22,250 --> 00:54:25,037
paid farmers to clean our air

919
00:54:25,042 --> 00:54:26,657
by putting it back
into the soil.

920
00:54:30,375 --> 00:54:32,161
This helped restore
the climate...

921
00:54:33,917 --> 00:54:35,623
Biodiversity loss...

922
00:54:36,917 --> 00:54:38,407
And land conversion...

923
00:54:39,417 --> 00:54:41,874
While pulling more people
into the doughnut

924
00:54:41,875 --> 00:54:44,787
by saving precious water,

925
00:54:44,792 --> 00:54:47,909
improving the quality
of our food,

926
00:54:47,917 --> 00:54:51,114
and in turn
improving our health.

927
00:55:04,417 --> 00:55:05,998
It's interesting,
making this film,

928
00:55:06,000 --> 00:55:07,911
the more that
I'm learning about...

929
00:55:09,417 --> 00:55:12,659
You realise how hard it is
to actually do the right thing.

930
00:55:12,667 --> 00:55:16,615
And in a sense, it's tempting
to kind of just shut down

931
00:55:16,625 --> 00:55:18,115
and switch off

932
00:55:18,125 --> 00:55:20,411
because, I mean, here I am
sitting on an aeroplane

933
00:55:20,417 --> 00:55:23,659
that is spewing out
half a tonne of carbon,

934
00:55:23,667 --> 00:55:25,282
making this film,

935
00:55:25,292 --> 00:55:27,157
or getting water in this cup

936
00:55:27,167 --> 00:55:28,907
that's probably going to go
straight into the ocean

937
00:55:28,917 --> 00:55:30,623
and hurt a baby turtle,

938
00:55:30,625 --> 00:55:32,616
and I don't want to know that.

939
00:55:32,625 --> 00:55:34,115
And most people don't want to
know about that,

940
00:55:34,125 --> 00:55:35,615
so they switch off.

941
00:55:35,625 --> 00:55:39,288
And you can't help but be
a hypocrite at the moment

942
00:55:39,292 --> 00:55:43,285
because our entire system is
built on and by fossil fuels.

943
00:55:44,375 --> 00:55:45,865
Fossil fuels have done us
really well

944
00:55:45,875 --> 00:55:47,240
to get to this point.

945
00:55:47,250 --> 00:55:48,740
There's some great
things in the world.

946
00:55:48,750 --> 00:55:50,240
But we can't keep doing
what we're doing.

947
00:55:50,250 --> 00:55:51,615
It's actually impossible

948
00:55:51,625 --> 00:55:53,741
to maintain the resources
we're using.

949
00:55:53,750 --> 00:55:55,741
So we're going to
have to transition,

950
00:55:55,750 --> 00:55:57,240
and it's going to be
a little bit awkward,

951
00:55:57,250 --> 00:55:59,241
if we're going to give
our kids a better future.

952
00:56:11,875 --> 00:56:14,287
J we are setting sail

953
00:56:15,417 --> 00:56:17,282
j to the place on the map

954
00:56:17,292 --> 00:56:20,659
j from which no-one
has ever returned... j

955
00:56:21,917 --> 00:56:24,249
Damon: While storing carbon
in our soil

956
00:56:24,250 --> 00:56:27,663
will go a long way
to solving our problem,

957
00:56:27,667 --> 00:56:31,239
there is a limit to how much
carbon soil can hold.

958
00:56:32,375 --> 00:56:35,242
So we're going to need another
leg-up from mother nature.

959
00:56:37,500 --> 00:56:39,912
Make sure coral looks ok

960
00:56:39,917 --> 00:56:42,909
'cause it normally looks like
a rainbow in the sea

961
00:56:42,917 --> 00:56:45,374
with all the fishes,

962
00:56:45,375 --> 00:56:47,616
but sometimes if you litter,

963
00:56:47,625 --> 00:56:50,367
it looks a bit not good.

964
00:56:50,375 --> 00:56:55,415
It looks like... a big, big
mess.

965
00:56:56,625 --> 00:56:58,911
At the beach,
it would just not be the same

966
00:56:58,917 --> 00:57:00,908
if you can't swim in the water.

967
00:57:00,917 --> 00:57:03,909
And also all the really amazing
marine animals

968
00:57:03,917 --> 00:57:06,784
like vaquita, whales, sea fish -

969
00:57:06,792 --> 00:57:09,909
if they were all gone, then
it just wouldn't be the same,

970
00:57:09,917 --> 00:57:11,157
the world.

971
00:57:11,167 --> 00:57:14,739
I want the oceans to be cleaner.

972
00:57:18,167 --> 00:57:19,657
Paul: One of the coming
attractions

973
00:57:19,667 --> 00:57:21,908
that I think is gonna to have
the biggest impact

974
00:57:21,917 --> 00:57:25,660
is what is called
marine permaculture.

975
00:57:25,667 --> 00:57:28,124
It's just another way of
farming in the ocean,

976
00:57:28,125 --> 00:57:30,616
but this is a more wild farming

977
00:57:30,625 --> 00:57:32,786
because it actually
sets up the context

978
00:57:32,792 --> 00:57:35,750
for the oceans to
regenerate themselves.

979
00:57:45,292 --> 00:57:47,999
Paul: Dr Brian Von herzen,
a physicist,

980
00:57:48,000 --> 00:57:49,490
used to fly to Europe every year

981
00:57:49,500 --> 00:57:53,243
and he saw how quickly the
Greenland ice sheet was melting

982
00:57:53,250 --> 00:57:55,912
and decided to change
his whole life in 2006

983
00:57:55,917 --> 00:57:57,407
to restoring living systems,

984
00:57:57,417 --> 00:57:58,907
and focused on the ocean.

985
00:58:03,167 --> 00:58:05,533
Damon: Brian told me
to pack a lunch...

986
00:58:05,542 --> 00:58:07,498
And a sick bag,

987
00:58:07,500 --> 00:58:10,037
as we were spending the day
out at sea.

988
00:58:16,625 --> 00:58:18,536
Man: With 93% of global warming

989
00:58:18,542 --> 00:58:20,533
going into the ocean today
each year,

990
00:58:20,542 --> 00:58:23,499
the problem is that
the waters are getting too warm

991
00:58:23,500 --> 00:58:25,912
and without enough
overturning circulation,

992
00:58:25,917 --> 00:58:27,498
and there aren't enough
nutrients,

993
00:58:27,500 --> 00:58:30,412
and the result is
we lose the life in the ocean.

994
00:58:32,125 --> 00:58:34,912
Damon: Understandably,
there has been reluctance

995
00:58:34,917 --> 00:58:36,657
to meddle with our oceans.

996
00:58:37,917 --> 00:58:39,657
But the fact that they
are getting warmer,

997
00:58:39,667 --> 00:58:41,749
becoming acidic,

998
00:58:41,750 --> 00:58:45,288
and many fish species are now
in danger of collapse...

999
00:58:47,125 --> 00:58:49,286
Means that they
actually need our help.

1000
00:58:52,417 --> 00:58:55,033
Brian's solution is seaweed.

1001
00:58:56,917 --> 00:58:59,408
So what we do
with marine permaculture

1002
00:58:59,417 --> 00:59:02,614
is we restore
overturning circulation.

1003
00:59:02,625 --> 00:59:05,742
It's as if your leg was asleep
and you lost circulation.

1004
00:59:05,750 --> 00:59:07,411
We have to do that
with the ocean.

1005
00:59:07,417 --> 00:59:09,908
We've gotta get that
overturning circulation

1006
00:59:09,917 --> 00:59:10,906
going again

1007
00:59:10,917 --> 00:59:13,874
to bring the cool waters up
with the higher nutrient levels

1008
00:59:13,875 --> 00:59:17,163
that can actually restore
conditions for the seaweeds.

1009
00:59:18,917 --> 00:59:20,908
Between Australia
and the United States,

1010
00:59:20,917 --> 00:59:24,535
there's 100,000,000 km?
Of ocean desert

1011
00:59:24,542 --> 00:59:27,409
that is amenable to
marine permaculture.

1012
00:59:28,500 --> 00:59:31,788
We can actually restore life
in subtropical oceans,

1013
00:59:31,792 --> 00:59:35,785
restore the fish habitat that's
needed to restore fisheries.

1014
00:59:38,000 --> 00:59:41,618
Damon: Marine permaculture
is a regenerative technology

1015
00:59:41,625 --> 00:59:43,115
that works like this.

1016
00:59:44,375 --> 00:59:46,991
A frame made of
recycled material

1017
00:59:47,000 --> 00:59:49,992
becomes a platform for
the seaweed to grow on.

1018
00:59:50,000 --> 00:59:52,241
It sits just below the surface

1019
00:59:52,250 --> 00:59:55,742
and sinks lower as the
seaweed grows and gets heavier.

1020
00:59:58,125 --> 01:00:01,663
A pump powered simply by
the rise and fall of the ocean,

1021
01:00:01,667 --> 01:00:04,784
brings the cold, nutrient-laden
waters from below

1022
01:00:04,792 --> 01:00:07,374
and disperses them
over the seaweed

1023
01:00:07,375 --> 01:00:09,536
in the upper warmer layer.

1024
01:00:09,542 --> 01:00:11,908
The seaweed can be
regularly harvested

1025
01:00:11,917 --> 01:00:13,999
and used for a range
of purposes.

1026
01:00:15,375 --> 01:00:19,288
Seaweed is good for food,
animal feed, fertiliser,

1027
01:00:19,292 --> 01:00:20,873
fibre and biofuel.

1028
01:00:20,875 --> 01:00:22,911
There's so much we can do
with seaweeds.

1029
01:00:30,542 --> 01:00:36,162
So, we're cruising along in
this very low-carbon vessel,

1030
01:00:36,167 --> 01:00:37,907
following Brian,

1031
01:00:37,917 --> 01:00:40,408
who's swum down
to get the seaweed

1032
01:00:40,417 --> 01:00:42,783
in one of his testing sites
here.

1033
01:00:47,667 --> 01:00:49,248
Except he's gone,

1034
01:00:49,250 --> 01:00:52,492
and he's been underwater for
about two minutes and, um...

1035
01:00:52,500 --> 01:00:53,785
Brian!

1036
01:00:55,792 --> 01:00:57,657
Brian?!

1037
01:00:57,667 --> 01:00:59,498
- Brian: I found it.
- You found it.

1038
01:00:59,500 --> 01:01:01,365
- Yeah.
- Alright, we'll come to you.

1039
01:01:03,042 --> 01:01:04,532
The permaculture tests

1040
01:01:04,542 --> 01:01:08,034
that Brian and his team have
conducted in the south pacific

1041
01:01:08,042 --> 01:01:10,624
have seen marine life return,

1042
01:01:10,625 --> 01:01:14,368
and the seaweed transform the
quality of the water itself.

1043
01:01:17,500 --> 01:01:19,786
Brian: Seaweeds actually
draw down

1044
01:01:19,792 --> 01:01:22,499
carbon dioxide
from the ocean waters.

1045
01:01:23,875 --> 01:01:26,491
And they restore the alkalinity
of the ocean.

1046
01:01:27,792 --> 01:01:31,535
That enables shellfish
and other creatures to thrive.

1047
01:01:35,542 --> 01:01:38,284
Damon, I thought we'd try
some seaweed salad today.

1048
01:01:38,292 --> 01:01:39,782
Oh.

1049
01:01:42,792 --> 01:01:44,623
Well, the little bursts of gas
are good.

1050
01:01:44,625 --> 01:01:46,115
Yeah. Like little poppers.

1051
01:01:49,167 --> 01:01:51,158
Ok. That's actually pretty good.

1052
01:01:51,167 --> 01:01:52,748
Seaweed salad.

1053
01:01:52,750 --> 01:01:55,287
So, what kind of... we're
getting omega 3s in here.

1054
01:01:55,292 --> 01:01:56,532
- What kind of...
- Oh, yeah.

1055
01:01:56,542 --> 01:01:57,873
What's our source?

1056
01:01:57,875 --> 01:02:00,662
Epa, dha, antioxidants,
phytonutrients,

1057
01:02:00,667 --> 01:02:02,282
omega nutrients.

1058
01:02:03,625 --> 01:02:08,369
Damon: But this humble weed has
one more heroic trait to offer.

1059
01:02:09,542 --> 01:02:13,034
It could play a profound role
in drawing down carbon.

1060
01:02:14,250 --> 01:02:16,161
Well, this is an example
of brown seaweed.

1061
01:02:16,167 --> 01:02:20,285
The fastest brown seaweeds
will grow half a metre per day.

1062
01:02:20,292 --> 01:02:22,533
Hang on. Half a metre a day?

1063
01:02:22,542 --> 01:02:24,032
Half a metre a day.

1064
01:02:24,042 --> 01:02:25,907
And they'll grow over 50m long.

1065
01:02:25,917 --> 01:02:28,408
Is that one of the fastest
growing plants in the world?

1066
01:02:28,417 --> 01:02:31,284
It is the fastest-growing
tree on the planet.

1067
01:02:31,292 --> 01:02:33,533
Wow. Ok. So that's why
the understanding of...

1068
01:02:33,542 --> 01:02:35,624
That it's going to be pulling
carbon out of the atmosphere

1069
01:02:35,625 --> 01:02:37,616
very quickly,
because it grows so fast.

1070
01:02:37,625 --> 01:02:41,994
Thousands of tonnes of carbon
per square kilometre per year.

1071
01:02:43,417 --> 01:02:44,782
Wow. Ok.

1072
01:02:46,042 --> 01:02:47,873
Win! It's not a weed at all.

1073
01:02:47,875 --> 01:02:50,912
It's food,
it's habitat for fish,

1074
01:02:50,917 --> 01:02:52,999
it gives back to
the fish ecosystems,

1075
01:02:53,000 --> 01:02:54,490
and we balance carbon.

1076
01:02:54,500 --> 01:02:56,036
We measure the carbon export.

1077
01:02:58,792 --> 01:03:01,624
The testing of large-scale
marine permaculture

1078
01:03:01,625 --> 01:03:03,035
is yet to be done.

1079
01:03:04,500 --> 01:03:06,491
But the stakes
couldn't be any higher

1080
01:03:06,500 --> 01:03:07,990
for getting them underway.

1081
01:03:09,792 --> 01:03:15,287
This is all about restoring the
foundation of our civilisation,

1082
01:03:15,292 --> 01:03:17,624
because with climate disruption,

1083
01:03:17,625 --> 01:03:20,287
we'll deplete the soils,
we'll deplete the oceans.

1084
01:03:20,292 --> 01:03:22,408
There will be
no civilisation left

1085
01:03:22,417 --> 01:03:26,035
because any time
you lose that foundation

1086
01:03:26,042 --> 01:03:28,249
of food and the soils
and the seas,

1087
01:03:28,250 --> 01:03:29,990
you lose civilisation as well.

1088
01:03:55,625 --> 01:03:59,789
Damon: So, velvet, because
the warming will increase

1089
01:03:59,792 --> 01:04:02,408
over the next two decades,

1090
01:04:02,417 --> 01:04:05,159
and sea levels
will continue to rise...

1091
01:04:06,500 --> 01:04:12,621
Some countries will need to
adapt in new and creative ways.

1092
01:04:19,917 --> 01:04:22,659
But if predictions of severe
droughts are realised

1093
01:04:22,667 --> 01:04:25,784
that see shortages of food,

1094
01:04:25,792 --> 01:04:29,410
the potential for unprecedented
numbers of refugees

1095
01:04:29,417 --> 01:04:31,783
and civil unrest
around the world...

1096
01:04:33,375 --> 01:04:34,865
Is enormous.

1097
01:04:42,375 --> 01:04:46,288
Just imagine large-scale
marine permaculture,

1098
01:04:46,292 --> 01:04:48,908
helping to mitigate
the severity of such a crisis.

1099
01:04:52,042 --> 01:04:53,907
It could provide
an alternative food source

1100
01:04:53,917 --> 01:04:55,407
to the damaged land crops...

1101
01:04:57,250 --> 01:04:59,787
That is rich in protein
and other nutrients.

1102
01:05:03,042 --> 01:05:04,532
Kate: Instead of having
governments

1103
01:05:04,542 --> 01:05:06,407
that are reacting to disaster,

1104
01:05:06,417 --> 01:05:08,282
we need governments
and communities

1105
01:05:08,292 --> 01:05:11,489
and businesses that proactively
set a new vision

1106
01:05:11,500 --> 01:05:13,365
that prevents these disasters,

1107
01:05:13,375 --> 01:05:15,415
that actually takes us
off in a different direction.

1108
01:05:18,167 --> 01:05:21,534
Investment in marine
permaculture around the world

1109
01:05:21,542 --> 01:05:24,284
could generate countless jobs

1110
01:05:24,292 --> 01:05:26,908
and help us reduce
our meat consumption,

1111
01:05:26,917 --> 01:05:29,624
while sequestering staggering
amounts of carbon.

1112
01:05:33,542 --> 01:05:38,411
Imagine decommissioned oil rigs
converted to house the workers

1113
01:05:38,417 --> 01:05:41,409
and becoming exciting
tourist destinations

1114
01:05:41,417 --> 01:05:44,250
for those keen
to explore marine life.

1115
01:05:52,792 --> 01:05:55,158
The seaweed could be
particularly valuable

1116
01:05:55,167 --> 01:05:59,911
in climate vulnerable areas
like the bay of bengal,

1117
01:05:59,917 --> 01:06:03,614
where it could provide food,
fertiliser and biofuel.

1118
01:06:05,042 --> 01:06:08,660
Along the coast of Africa, it
could provide similar benefits,

1119
01:06:08,667 --> 01:06:11,374
contributing to a thriving
local economy.

1120
01:06:17,167 --> 01:06:19,909
Paul: With mechanisms,
simple ones,

1121
01:06:19,917 --> 01:06:23,284
you are in fact
regenerating the oceans.

1122
01:06:26,250 --> 01:06:27,911
You could feed 10 billion people

1123
01:06:27,917 --> 01:06:30,659
with the protein from
marine permaculture alone.

1124
01:06:50,917 --> 01:06:52,623
At this point of the trip,

1125
01:06:52,625 --> 01:06:56,538
I felt for the first time
like we genuinely have a chance

1126
01:06:56,542 --> 01:06:58,032
at a better future...

1127
01:06:59,125 --> 01:07:00,786
If we choose to take it.

1128
01:07:06,292 --> 01:07:10,410
But before heading home, there
was another subject to address.

1129
01:07:14,542 --> 01:07:17,158
Well, I wish they'd stop
killing off animals

1130
01:07:17,167 --> 01:07:19,658
and, well, forests and whatnot.

1131
01:07:21,250 --> 01:07:22,740
That'd be cool.

1132
01:07:23,750 --> 01:07:27,789
Probably for people to
acknowledge that, like,

1133
01:07:27,792 --> 01:07:29,498
the factories we build

1134
01:07:29,500 --> 01:07:32,913
and, like, they hurt nature
sometimes.

1135
01:07:32,917 --> 01:07:35,033
Like, the things
that we produce,

1136
01:07:35,042 --> 01:07:39,661
it can, like, hurt the wildlife
and it's not good.

1137
01:07:39,667 --> 01:07:41,783
But people just ignore it
right now.

1138
01:07:41,792 --> 01:07:45,660
I would like to see everyone
using the three rs -

1139
01:07:45,667 --> 01:07:48,158
reduce, reuse and recycle.

1140
01:07:48,167 --> 01:07:51,534
Many people know about it,
but don't practice it today.

1141
01:08:03,542 --> 01:08:05,999
Kate: Today's economy, right?

1142
01:08:06,000 --> 01:08:07,786
It gets bigger
faster and faster.

1143
01:08:07,792 --> 01:08:11,410
So the economy is doubling
in size nearly every 20 years.

1144
01:08:13,292 --> 01:08:16,614
We take earth's materials,
turn them into stuff we want,

1145
01:08:16,625 --> 01:08:18,832
we use it for a while
and then throw it away.

1146
01:08:18,833 --> 01:08:19,822
Yep.

1147
01:08:19,833 --> 01:08:21,369
And that take, make, use, lose -

1148
01:08:21,375 --> 01:08:23,741
it cuts against the
living cycles of the planet,

1149
01:08:23,750 --> 01:08:26,822
causing climate change,
causing pollution.

1150
01:08:29,875 --> 01:08:32,366
So we're kicking ourselves
out of planetary balance.

1151
01:08:36,208 --> 01:08:38,494
It is difficult to see
the impacts

1152
01:08:38,500 --> 01:08:41,617
of our individual resource use
on the broader environment.

1153
01:08:44,375 --> 01:08:48,072
But our survival could depend
on us making that connection.

1154
01:08:50,625 --> 01:08:54,493
For greater than
99.9% of our evolution,

1155
01:08:54,500 --> 01:08:57,492
human beings lived in this
very intimate association

1156
01:08:57,500 --> 01:08:59,331
with the natural world.

1157
01:08:59,333 --> 01:09:03,076
The decisions we made
on a daily basis as individuals

1158
01:09:03,083 --> 01:09:05,244
within the context of
communities,

1159
01:09:05,250 --> 01:09:07,582
they were informed by
this immediate feedback

1160
01:09:07,583 --> 01:09:09,869
we got from the world around us.

1161
01:09:09,875 --> 01:09:13,367
From the sun, from the water
that was falling on us.

1162
01:09:13,375 --> 01:09:15,741
And you fast forward
to this little blip of time

1163
01:09:15,750 --> 01:09:18,366
that we're in right now,
and, you know,

1164
01:09:18,375 --> 01:09:20,616
we're completely and totally
alienated from nature.

1165
01:09:20,625 --> 01:09:22,115
We've lost that connection.

1166
01:09:25,750 --> 01:09:28,617
I've come to the town of
oberlin in Ohio,

1167
01:09:28,625 --> 01:09:30,240
where John and his team

1168
01:09:30,250 --> 01:09:32,616
have come up with
a quite brilliant way

1169
01:09:32,625 --> 01:09:36,072
to raise awareness of
their community's resource use.

1170
01:09:39,083 --> 01:09:40,823
The environmental dashboard

1171
01:09:40,833 --> 01:09:42,744
was really kind of built around
the science

1172
01:09:42,750 --> 01:09:44,866
and putting people and humans
in connection with

1173
01:09:44,875 --> 01:09:46,991
how they're using
their natural resources.

1174
01:09:47,000 --> 01:09:48,740
And so what this does

1175
01:09:48,750 --> 01:09:52,993
is it gives a visual
representation of the usage.

1176
01:09:53,000 --> 01:09:55,491
And they put it into the schools

1177
01:09:55,500 --> 01:09:58,367
and so it's really gotten
a lot more into the community.

1178
01:09:58,375 --> 01:10:02,368
And the teachers are
utilising it in their lessons.

1179
01:10:02,375 --> 01:10:04,081
I want you to pay
close attention

1180
01:10:04,083 --> 01:10:06,495
to the squirrel on
the right side.

1181
01:10:06,500 --> 01:10:08,240
And watch what happens.

1182
01:10:08,250 --> 01:10:13,825
As it goes down, he gets sadder
and sadder and starts to cry.

1183
01:10:13,833 --> 01:10:16,245
Teacher: Why do you think the
squirrel got happier or sadder?

1184
01:10:16,250 --> 01:10:17,740
I noticed that too.

1185
01:10:17,750 --> 01:10:19,240
Well, probably
because we're using

1186
01:10:19,250 --> 01:10:21,115
a lot of electricity
at that point.

1187
01:10:21,125 --> 01:10:23,081
More than we regularly used.

1188
01:10:23,083 --> 01:10:24,573
John: We did a controlled study

1189
01:10:24,583 --> 01:10:26,574
where we have
another school system

1190
01:10:26,583 --> 01:10:28,699
very similar to oberlin's
school systems

1191
01:10:28,708 --> 01:10:30,244
in a different area of Ohio.

1192
01:10:30,250 --> 01:10:32,366
They've got
the same curriculum as we do,

1193
01:10:32,375 --> 01:10:33,865
but they don't have dashboard.

1194
01:10:33,875 --> 01:10:36,742
We found as a result of
exposure,

1195
01:10:36,750 --> 01:10:39,617
if you ask them about
electricity use,

1196
01:10:39,625 --> 01:10:42,367
they start talking about
emotions.

1197
01:10:42,375 --> 01:10:44,991
And when you compare
students in our school

1198
01:10:45,000 --> 01:10:46,581
with this other school,

1199
01:10:46,583 --> 01:10:48,824
they also have more of
a community response

1200
01:10:48,833 --> 01:10:52,121
when they talk about what needs
to be done about energy use.

1201
01:10:52,125 --> 01:10:53,990
They use the word 'we'.

1202
01:10:54,000 --> 01:10:57,242
And in the other school system,
they use the word 't'.

1203
01:10:57,250 --> 01:10:59,366
So we've seen real change

1204
01:10:59,375 --> 01:11:03,323
as a result of this technology
in the school.

1205
01:11:06,750 --> 01:11:09,822
Damon: What is most exciting
about this idea

1206
01:11:09,833 --> 01:11:11,869
is that the dashboards
could reconnect us

1207
01:11:11,875 --> 01:11:13,456
to a range of resources...

1208
01:11:15,250 --> 01:11:17,115
And influence our behaviour.

1209
01:11:20,625 --> 01:11:22,581
Sharon: It's a way to really
engage the community

1210
01:11:22,583 --> 01:11:24,119
in this discussion,

1211
01:11:24,125 --> 01:11:27,868
regardless of what race,
what education, economic level,

1212
01:11:27,875 --> 01:11:29,740
in this discussion
on sustainability

1213
01:11:29,750 --> 01:11:31,240
and the environment.

1214
01:11:36,958 --> 01:11:39,370
But awareness of
our resource use

1215
01:11:39,375 --> 01:11:41,741
is just one piece of
a complicated puzzle.

1216
01:11:43,333 --> 01:11:44,823
Another solution

1217
01:11:44,833 --> 01:11:47,370
that could have a huge impact
on our dilemma

1218
01:11:47,375 --> 01:11:49,991
caught me completely off-guard.

1219
01:11:53,333 --> 01:11:57,622
Paul: Probably our biggest
surprise was educating girls

1220
01:11:57,625 --> 01:12:00,241
and family planning.

1221
01:12:00,250 --> 01:12:01,865
You combine these two together,

1222
01:12:01,875 --> 01:12:04,366
the number one solution
to reversing global warming

1223
01:12:04,375 --> 01:12:06,206
is the empowerment
of girls and women.

1224
01:12:06,208 --> 01:12:07,698
Damon: Wow.

1225
01:12:15,250 --> 01:12:18,947
Damon: So, our daughter
starts school next year

1226
01:12:18,958 --> 01:12:21,370
and as an Australian,

1227
01:12:21,375 --> 01:12:24,117
I completely take for granted

1228
01:12:24,125 --> 01:12:27,572
that she will get to complete
her education.

1229
01:12:27,583 --> 01:12:29,574
And what I'm just learning here

1230
01:12:29,583 --> 01:12:33,075
is that there are 65 million
girls around the world

1231
01:12:33,083 --> 01:12:34,619
that don't get that opportunity.

1232
01:12:35,833 --> 01:12:37,323
And there's a host of reasons
for that.

1233
01:12:37,333 --> 01:12:39,870
Some are put to work to
support families

1234
01:12:39,875 --> 01:12:41,365
or they're married off.

1235
01:12:41,375 --> 01:12:42,865
But on average,

1236
01:12:42,875 --> 01:12:45,833
those girls will have
five or more children.

1237
01:12:48,583 --> 01:12:50,244
Woman: So we found
that across the board,

1238
01:12:50,250 --> 01:12:51,740
and this isn't just countries

1239
01:12:51,750 --> 01:12:53,240
where there might be
high rates of poverty.

1240
01:12:53,250 --> 01:12:54,615
Even wealthier countries,

1241
01:12:54,625 --> 01:12:57,617
we know that when girls
stay in school for longer

1242
01:12:57,625 --> 01:13:00,742
and they have access to good
reproductive health services,

1243
01:13:00,750 --> 01:13:03,332
as well as decent
work opportunities,

1244
01:13:03,333 --> 01:13:05,995
that women will tend to delay
having children

1245
01:13:06,000 --> 01:13:07,490
until they're ready,

1246
01:13:07,500 --> 01:13:09,957
and then they choose to have
fewer children from then on.

1247
01:13:09,958 --> 01:13:11,619
So, what this does
as a collective,

1248
01:13:11,625 --> 01:13:14,332
is it slows down
the population growth rate,

1249
01:13:14,333 --> 01:13:15,869
which means that
there's less pressure

1250
01:13:15,875 --> 01:13:19,072
and competition for access to
a whole range of resources,

1251
01:13:19,083 --> 01:13:21,244
whether it's food or water
or land.

1252
01:13:22,875 --> 01:13:24,957
Their children tend to
stay in school longer as well

1253
01:13:24,958 --> 01:13:28,746
and, over time, they break
that cycle of poverty.

1254
01:13:32,875 --> 01:13:34,957
So it's a form of
family planning,

1255
01:13:34,958 --> 01:13:36,494
but it's not coercive.

1256
01:13:36,500 --> 01:13:37,956
It's not control.

1257
01:13:37,958 --> 01:13:41,871
It's just empowering girls
to be who they want to be

1258
01:13:41,875 --> 01:13:44,947
and you have
these incredible benefits.

1259
01:13:51,250 --> 01:13:55,448
One child, one teacher,

1260
01:13:55,458 --> 01:13:59,121
one book and one pen

1261
01:13:59,125 --> 01:14:00,865
can change the world.

1262
01:14:23,333 --> 01:14:24,994
Damon: So this could be
a pleasant afternoon

1263
01:14:25,000 --> 01:14:27,616
in a standard city of 2040.

1264
01:14:34,583 --> 01:14:36,448
Freed-up space has encouraged

1265
01:14:36,458 --> 01:14:39,245
a range of new
outdoor activities.

1266
01:14:43,375 --> 01:14:47,323
Imagine, velvet, you and
your cool group of friends

1267
01:14:47,333 --> 01:14:48,948
have met for a picnic.

1268
01:14:50,625 --> 01:14:52,115
Although it is unlikely

1269
01:14:52,125 --> 01:14:54,366
that Princess Elsa will still
be part of your crew.

1270
01:14:58,750 --> 01:15:03,323
My hope is that we are all
using resources more wisely

1271
01:15:03,333 --> 01:15:06,120
and some of the clever
innovations that exist today...

1272
01:15:06,125 --> 01:15:07,615
Man: Selfiel

1273
01:15:07,625 --> 01:15:09,490
except for this drone phone
that I did make up

1274
01:15:09,500 --> 01:15:10,990
to obliterate selfie sticks...

1275
01:15:11,000 --> 01:15:12,615
Man: Home!

1276
01:15:12,625 --> 01:15:14,616
Have been widely adopted.

1277
01:15:17,250 --> 01:15:22,324
Some materials are grown
or made from organic matter.

1278
01:15:27,875 --> 01:15:32,244
While other materials have been
recycled or break down rapidly.

1279
01:15:35,333 --> 01:15:36,869
And wouldn't it be terrific

1280
01:15:36,875 --> 01:15:38,831
if we have not only implemented
the smart ways

1281
01:15:38,833 --> 01:15:41,370
to deal with the billions of
coffee cups

1282
01:15:41,375 --> 01:15:43,081
we send to landfill each year...

1283
01:15:45,125 --> 01:15:46,740
But each city of the world

1284
01:15:46,750 --> 01:15:48,991
has followed the lead of
Stockholm,

1285
01:15:49,000 --> 01:15:51,366
who collect their residents'
food waste...

1286
01:15:53,625 --> 01:15:56,617
Extract the methane to
power their local vehicles...

1287
01:15:58,250 --> 01:16:00,582
And give the leftovers
to farmers

1288
01:16:00,583 --> 01:16:03,370
to use as a natural
fertiliser for their soils.

1289
01:16:05,500 --> 01:16:08,492
Well played, Sweden.
Well played.

1290
01:16:12,125 --> 01:16:14,741
These behaviour changes
in our resource use

1291
01:16:14,750 --> 01:16:16,706
could be reflected on dashboards

1292
01:16:16,708 --> 01:16:18,869
throughout our cities,

1293
01:16:18,875 --> 01:16:20,615
where there used to be ads.

1294
01:16:22,833 --> 01:16:25,370
Even encouraging some
healthy competition.

1295
01:16:32,375 --> 01:16:34,331
But in this 2040,

1296
01:16:34,333 --> 01:16:36,995
my greatest hope

1297
01:16:37,000 --> 01:16:39,366
is that girls across the globe

1298
01:16:39,375 --> 01:16:42,742
now have access to the same
educational opportunities

1299
01:16:42,750 --> 01:16:44,866
as you and your friends.

1300
01:17:00,000 --> 01:17:02,366
The cascading benefits of this

1301
01:17:02,375 --> 01:17:06,618
could be greater than anything
else I have discovered.

1302
01:18:04,958 --> 01:18:08,997
So, velvet, this was my story

1303
01:18:09,000 --> 01:18:12,072
of a future I hope
you get to experience.

1304
01:18:13,333 --> 01:18:17,246
Your story and
the one that transpires

1305
01:18:17,250 --> 01:18:18,865
may be completely different.

1306
01:18:20,125 --> 01:18:22,081
But what I now understand

1307
01:18:22,083 --> 01:18:24,495
is that not only are there
so many people

1308
01:18:24,500 --> 01:18:27,367
who want to take part
in telling a new story...

1309
01:18:29,083 --> 01:18:32,826
But we have everything
we need right now

1310
01:18:32,833 --> 01:18:34,619
to make it happen.

1311
01:18:37,875 --> 01:18:41,743
Helena: When you go beyond
the dominant media discourse

1312
01:18:41,750 --> 01:18:43,991
and get closer to the ground,

1313
01:18:44,000 --> 01:18:47,743
you will see,
everywhere you look,

1314
01:18:47,750 --> 01:18:50,116
incredible reasons for hope.

1315
01:19:00,250 --> 01:19:02,115
Over the next few years,

1316
01:19:02,125 --> 01:19:04,616
you may notice less
red meat for dinner...

1317
01:19:06,833 --> 01:19:08,619
More trips to the compost bin...

1318
01:19:11,458 --> 01:19:13,119
Better search engines...

1319
01:19:16,333 --> 01:19:19,496
And potentially a new
dashboard in your classroom.

1320
01:19:22,375 --> 01:19:27,324
If enough of us make
these sorts of small changes,

1321
01:19:27,333 --> 01:19:30,120
when combined,
they will make a difference.

1322
01:19:31,875 --> 01:19:33,991
Big banks continue to take a hit

1323
01:19:34,000 --> 01:19:37,197
as the public shifts its money
away from organisations

1324
01:19:37,208 --> 01:19:39,119
that support fossil fuels.

1325
01:19:41,083 --> 01:19:44,120
But of equal importance
is strong leadership.

1326
01:19:46,750 --> 01:19:49,867
Wouldn't it be terrific
if new leaders emerge

1327
01:19:49,875 --> 01:19:52,082
who can navigate us
to a better 20407?

1328
01:19:55,875 --> 01:19:58,867
And just imagine if they used
the doughnut framework

1329
01:19:58,875 --> 01:20:00,581
to create the new story...

1330
01:20:01,875 --> 01:20:03,991
Coupled with more
and more people

1331
01:20:04,000 --> 01:20:06,241
finding a defining role
within it.

1332
01:20:08,500 --> 01:20:11,742
What we can do
is see where you get lit up

1333
01:20:11,750 --> 01:20:13,456
and maybe it's
girls' education -

1334
01:20:13,458 --> 01:20:14,994
"wow. I had no idea!"

1335
01:20:16,000 --> 01:20:18,332
Or it can be food or it can be
farming or it could be energy,

1336
01:20:18,333 --> 01:20:20,449
it could be housing, transport.

1337
01:20:20,458 --> 01:20:22,369
I mean, there's so many areas

1338
01:20:22,375 --> 01:20:25,993
where you actually probably
do have influence

1339
01:20:26,000 --> 01:20:27,991
where you are working,

1340
01:20:28,000 --> 01:20:30,241
where you can affect change

1341
01:20:30,250 --> 01:20:32,741
in a way that actually
is demonstrable

1342
01:20:32,750 --> 01:20:34,991
and meaningful
to you and others.

1343
01:20:40,000 --> 01:20:43,322
And it just unleashes
the power of innovation

1344
01:20:43,333 --> 01:20:47,372
and imagination and creativity
that's within all people.

1345
01:20:55,000 --> 01:20:57,116
Damon: My hope for you, darling,

1346
01:20:57,125 --> 01:20:59,616
is that sometime in 2040

1347
01:20:59,625 --> 01:21:01,240
there's a day

1348
01:21:01,250 --> 01:21:03,992
when the greenhouse gases
in our atmosphere

1349
01:21:04,000 --> 01:21:07,743
stop increasing and
begin to come down.

1350
01:21:09,458 --> 01:21:11,949
And the solutions
that achieve this

1351
01:21:11,958 --> 01:21:14,370
benefit a wide range of people.

1352
01:21:19,625 --> 01:21:23,322
To celebrate, there are parties
across the globe

1353
01:21:23,333 --> 01:21:25,494
for you and your generation.

1354
01:21:26,875 --> 01:21:28,456
The regeneration.

1355
01:22:10,083 --> 01:22:13,996
When I grow up, I want homeless
people to have their own homes

1356
01:22:14,000 --> 01:22:16,366
with their own money
to buy their own food

1357
01:22:16,375 --> 01:22:17,865
and have their own jobs.

1358
01:22:18,958 --> 01:22:22,450
Well, I'd like it
to be human instinct

1359
01:22:22,458 --> 01:22:25,996
to just look after the world
and to care for the world.

1360
01:22:26,000 --> 01:22:28,332
I would like to see everybody
have equal rights

1361
01:22:28,333 --> 01:22:30,244
and the same living
opportunities.

1362
01:22:31,250 --> 01:22:33,741
I just want the future
to be good.

1363
01:22:43,250 --> 01:22:44,956
Dadda!

1364
01:22:55,625 --> 01:22:57,115
Damon: So...

1365
01:22:58,875 --> 01:23:00,615
What's your 20407?

1366
01:25:11,833 --> 01:25:15,826
Child: I want to see clean
air for more people to breathe

1367
01:25:15,833 --> 01:25:17,619
and clean air, so that the trees

1368
01:25:17,625 --> 01:25:21,823
don't have to take the smoke
into their leaves and die.

1369
01:25:24,375 --> 01:25:28,243
Child: I also hope that we'll
be able to solve world hunger,

1370
01:25:28,250 --> 01:25:30,366
'cause a lot of people
are going hungry.

1371
01:25:31,375 --> 01:25:33,366
Child: At the moment,
the ice caps are melting

1372
01:25:33,375 --> 01:25:35,491
because of all
the greenhouse gases.

1373
01:25:37,125 --> 01:25:39,867
Woman: [I the earth speaks
loud and clear

1374
01:25:39,875 --> 01:25:42,832
j the time to act is here

1375
01:25:42,833 --> 01:25:44,243
child: I have want to make sure

1376
01:25:44,250 --> 01:25:45,990
there's no pollution
in the ocean.

1377
01:25:49,125 --> 01:25:51,616
Woman: & tomorrow's become today

1378
01:25:51,625 --> 01:25:55,072
j it's too late to turn away

1379
01:25:56,125 --> 01:26:00,323
child: I want to see fresh air,
fresh water, no pollution.

1380
01:26:00,333 --> 01:26:03,450
Because that will kill animals
and I want no animals to die.

1381
01:26:05,125 --> 01:26:07,957
Child: I'd like it
to be human instinct

1382
01:26:07,958 --> 01:26:12,122
to just look after the world
and to care for the world.

1383
01:26:12,125 --> 01:26:13,865
Child: I would like
to see a world

1384
01:26:13,875 --> 01:26:17,117
where people live in peace,
Harmony and happiness

1385
01:26:17,125 --> 01:26:20,367
and not a world
where people live in fear.

1386
01:26:20,375 --> 01:26:21,990
Child: I don't think
we should use guns

1387
01:26:22,000 --> 01:26:23,615
and force each other around.

1388
01:26:24,875 --> 01:26:27,867
Woman: J take time
to count the cost

1389
01:26:27,875 --> 01:26:30,457
j the creatures we have lost

1390
01:26:36,875 --> 01:26:39,617
Woman: J you've got something
to say

1391
01:26:39,625 --> 01:26:43,243
j so please don't turn away

1392
01:26:43,250 --> 01:26:46,868
child: In the future, I'd like
to see more beautiful things

1393
01:26:46,875 --> 01:26:49,457
like flowers, more trees.

1394
01:26:49,458 --> 01:26:50,948
Child: Cleaner water.

1395
01:26:50,958 --> 01:26:52,368
Child: Be respectful to earth.

1396
01:26:52,375 --> 01:26:53,990
Child: Less global warming.

1397
01:26:54,000 --> 01:26:57,948
Child: We could stop littering
and make sure coral looks ok

1398
01:26:57,958 --> 01:27:00,950
'cause it normally looks
like a rainbow in the sea.

1399
01:27:00,958 --> 01:27:03,745
Woman: J you've got something
to say

1400
01:27:03,750 --> 01:27:06,457
j so please don't turn away

1401
01:27:06,458 --> 01:27:08,244
child: And also,
I'd like my kids

1402
01:27:08,250 --> 01:27:12,072
to be able to swim
in fresh water.

1403
01:27:13,083 --> 01:27:15,825
Woman: J you've got something
to say

1404
01:27:15,833 --> 01:27:19,371
j so please don't turn away

1405
01:27:19,375 --> 01:27:21,115
child: A lot more inventions.

1406
01:27:21,125 --> 01:27:22,740
Child: Electric cars.

1407
01:27:22,750 --> 01:27:24,832
Child: Take transportation.

1408
01:27:24,833 --> 01:27:27,700
Woman: J you've got something
to say

1409
01:27:27,708 --> 01:27:31,576
j so please don't turn away

1410
01:27:52,625 --> 01:27:55,457
Child: If people keep doing
what they're doing now,

1411
01:27:55,458 --> 01:27:58,245
the world won't be
a very good place.

1412
01:27:58,250 --> 01:28:00,957
Woman: J you've got something
to say

1413
01:28:00,958 --> 01:28:04,496
j so please don't turn away

1414
01:28:04,500 --> 01:28:06,866
j the future

1415
01:28:06,875 --> 01:28:08,331
child: I would also like

1416
01:28:08,333 --> 01:28:10,870
if money was
more evenly distributed.

1417
01:28:10,875 --> 01:28:13,241
Child: I would like to see
everybody have equal rights

1418
01:28:13,250 --> 01:28:15,332
and the same living
opportunities.

1419
01:28:15,333 --> 01:28:18,075
Child: For the government
to have done something

1420
01:28:18,083 --> 01:28:20,745
on global warming and pollution.

1421
01:28:25,375 --> 01:28:28,572
I want people to treat
each other better.

1422
01:28:29,875 --> 01:28:33,743
Child: J please don't pollute
the earth. J