1 00:00:07,307 --> 00:00:12,579 LOU HAMER LOU HAMER FANNIE 2 00:00:12,645 --> 00:00:21,621 >>> RUSSIAN MISSILES HAVE STRUCK EVERY POWER PLANT IN UKRAINE, A CAMPAIGN TO MAKE WINTER A WEAPON OF MASS DESTRUCTION. 3 00:00:21,688 --> 00:00:30,430 WE FOUND FAMILIES BURNING FIREWOOD IN THEIR HOMES, ENDURING BY CANDLELIGHT, AND MORE DEFIANT THAN EVER. 4 00:00:30,497 --> 00:00:43,476 I REALLY WANT TO GO AND GIVE THAT PUTIN A REALLY GREAT SLAP IN THE FACE, A GREAT BIG SLAP IN THE FACE FROM A WOMAN. 5 00:00:43,543 --> 00:00:51,985 >> WHEN SANNA MARIN WAS ELECTED PRIME MINISTER OF FINLAND IN 2019, SHE MADE HISTORY. AT 34 YEARS OLD, MARIN BECAME 6 00:00:52,051 --> 00:00:57,056 THE YOUNGEST HEAD OF GOVERNMENT IN THE WORLD. BUT IT WASN'T THE PRIME MINISTER'S TOUGH STANCE AGAINST 7 00:00:57,123 --> 00:01:03,863 VLADIMIR PUTIN THAT CAUGHT THE WORLD'S ATTENTION LAST SUMMER. IT WAS HER DANCING. >> I'M LIVING MY LIFE. 8 00:01:03,930 --> 00:01:10,537 I'M STILL DANCING. I'M DRINKING OCCASIONALLY, MEETING MY FRIENDS. I'M DOING ALL KIND OF THINGS 9 00:01:10,603 --> 00:01:18,912 THAT ARE NORMAL FOR MY AGE PEOPLE. >>> IT'S ALMOST LIKE GOING INTO THE PRO FOOTBALL HALL OF FAME. 10 00:01:18,978 --> 00:01:26,953 THIS IS BIG FOR ME. >> THAT'S JERRY RICE, THE NFL'S GREATEST ALL-TIME WIDE RECEIVER, TALKING ABOUT HAVING HIS 11 00:01:27,020 --> 00:01:34,527 FAMILY'S BACK STORY INCLUDED IN SOMETHING CALLED THE HISTORY MAKERS, AN EXPANSIVE DIGITAL ARCHIVE OF FIRST-PERSON ACCOUNTS 12 00:01:34,594 --> 00:01:42,168 FROM A WHO'S WHO OF BLACK AMERICANS, CREATED BY A NON-PARTISAN, NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION. 13 00:01:42,235 --> 00:01:49,342 THERE ARE 3,500 INTERVIEWS SO FAR NOW STORED AT THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. >>> I'M LESLEY STAHL. 14 00:01:49,409 --> 00:01:57,617 >> I'M BILL WHITAKER. >> I'M ANDERSON COOPER. >> I'M SHARYN ALFONSI. >> I'M SCOTT PELLEY. 15 00:01:57,684 --> 00:02:13,333 THOSE STORIES AND MORE >>> THIS PAST WEEK, VLADIMIR PUTIN UNLEASHED ANOTHER AIR ASSAULT ON UKRAINIAN FAMILIES 16 00:02:13,399 --> 00:02:22,542 AND THEIR POWER GRID IN HIS CAMPAIGN TO TURN WINTER IN A WEAPON OF MASS DESTRUCTION. 44 MILLION UKRAINIAN MEN, WOMEN, 17 00:02:22,609 --> 00:02:30,483 AND CHILDREN ENDURE HOURS OR DAYS WITHOUT LIGHT, HEAT, OR WATER. WE MET SOME OF THEM ON CENTRAL 18 00:02:30,550 --> 00:02:44,464 STREET IN A TOWN CALLED BORODYANKA, NORTHWEST OF KYIV. IN THE BLACKEST DAYS IN EUROPE █ SINCE WORLD WAR II, WE FOUND 19 00:02:44,531 --> 00:02:58,311 FAMILIES FACING TERROR WITH CANDLES AGAINST THE DARKNESS. >> Reporter: THE POWER WAS OUT THE NIGHT WE MET VERA SAVCHENKO. 20 00:02:58,378 --> 00:03:08,421 THE GREAT GRANDMOTHER IS THE ONLY LEFT IN HER STREET. BACK IN MARCH WHEN BORODYANKA WAS BOMBED, THE WIDOW MOVED OUT. 21 00:03:08,488 --> 00:03:13,893 SHE TOLD US, ON THE 20th OF MAY, I SAID, THAT'S IT. I'M GOING HOME. THEY TRIED TO TALK ME INTO 22 00:03:13,960 --> 00:03:21,267 STAYING, BUT I SAID, NO, I'M GOING HOME. THEY WERE HER DAUGHTER AND SON-IN-LAW, WHO TOOK HER IN 23 00:03:21,334 --> 00:03:29,342 AFTER THE INVASION. MY SON-IN-LAW SAID, LET HER GO. SHE'LL GET COLD, AND SHE'LL COME BACK. 24 00:03:29,409 --> 00:03:37,850 BUT OUT OF PRINCIPLE, I DECIDED, NO, I WON'T GO BACK. AND SO I DIDN'T. I STAYED HERE. 25 00:03:37,917 --> 00:03:50,563 HER PRINCIPLE IS DEFIANCE, UNDIMMED IN THE FRAGILE LIGHT, UNBROKEN BY THE 25-DEGREE NIGHT. THE SIGN ON HER DOOR READS, 26 00:03:50,630 --> 00:04:08,648 DANGER. AND THE VIEW FROM THIS APARTMENT IN HER BUILDING REVEALS WHY. THIS IS CENTRAL STREET IN 27 00:04:08,715 --> 00:04:19,559 BORODIANKA. IN MARCH, PUTIN'S AIR FORCE DESTROYED 144 BUILDINGS IN DOER BORODIANKA. 28 00:04:19,626 --> 00:04:36,209 UKRAINE DROVE RUSSIA ROUT, BUT CENTRAL IS CROWDED WITH MEMORIALS TO MURDERED CIVILIANS. SURVIVORS INCLUDE TATIANA 29 00:04:36,275 --> 00:04:42,849 SOLOGUB, WHO WE FOUND SHOVELING THE ASHES OF HER LIFE. I DON'T EVEN HAVE A SPOON OR A BOWL, SHE SAID. 30 00:04:42,915 --> 00:04:49,789 EVERYTHING, EVERYTHING WAS HERE. I'VE BEEN LEFT WITH NOTHING. ON HER BALCONY, SHE TOLD US HER SON ENLISTED IN THE ARMY THE 31 00:04:49,856 --> 00:05:02,735 FIRST DAY OF THE INVASION. SHE'S NOW MOVED INTO A PUBLIC SHELTER POWERED BY A GENERATOR. BUT HER NEIGHBOR, SERHII 32 00:05:02,802 --> 00:05:10,977 BONDARENKO, SHOWED US HOW MILLIONS OF UKRAINIANS ENDURE PUTIN'S WAR ON LIGHT AND HEAT. FOR NOW, HE TOLD US, WE HAVE 33 00:05:11,044 --> 00:05:20,653 FIREWOOD. WE SURVIVE ANY WAY WE CAN. BONDARENKO'S NEW WOOD STOVE IS VENTED THROUGH A HOLE HE KNOCKED 34 00:05:20,720 --> 00:05:25,191 IN THE WALL. A CAR BATTERY POWERS A STRING OF LIGHTS. AND WELL WATER FILLS IN FOR THE 35 00:05:25,258 --> 00:05:36,169 DRIED UP TAP. WE NOTICED A THERMOMETER INSIDE WAS CHILLED TO 40 DEGREES, BUT HE TOLD US, WE'RE UKRAINIAN. 36 00:05:36,235 --> 00:05:48,815 IF THE TEMPERATURE OUTSIDE IS ABOVE FREEZING, WE OPEN THE WINDOWS SO THE HEAT CAN GET IN. A SENSE OF HUMOR AND INGENUITY 37 00:05:48,881 --> 00:05:58,057 SUSTAINED UKRAINE THROUGH THE WORST AERIAL BOMBARDMENT OF EUROPEANS SINCE WORLD WAR II. THERE HAVE BEEN 14 MASSIVE 38 00:05:58,124 --> 00:06:10,603 ASSAULTS ON THE NATIONAL POWER GRID IN THE LAST 18 WEEKS. EVERY POWER PLANT HAS BEEN HIT. HALF THE ELECTRICITY IS OUT. 39 00:06:10,670 --> 00:06:24,951 THERE HAVE BEEN A FEW DAYS WITHOUT BLACKOUTS, BUT FOR THE MOST PART, POWER IS RATIONED, ROUGHLY FOUR HOURS ON, FOUR OFF, 40 00:06:25,017 --> 00:06:37,864 NATIONWIDE. IN OCTOBER, DRONES ZEROED IN ON THE HEADQUARTERS OF THE NATIONAL POWER COMPANY. 41 00:06:37,930 --> 00:07:02,121 THAT'S THE CEO, VOLODYMYR CUD RITZ SKI. >> CUE DRITS KI ALLOWED US TO SEE A DAMAGED FACILITY, WHICH IS 42 00:07:02,188 --> 00:07:09,996 NOW AMONG ONE OF THE MOST SENSITIVE NATIONAL SECURITY SITES IN UKRAINE. WHEN THIS 200-TON TRANSFORMER 43 00:07:10,062 --> 00:07:15,835 BURNED, HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS LOST POWER. CREWS RACED TO IMPROVISE REPAIRS AND SPRINT TO SHELTER WHEN THE 44 00:07:15,902 --> 00:07:24,577 MISSILES COME BACK. SOME HAVE BEEN KILLED. >> YOUR CREWS ARE ON THE FRONT LINE, ALMOST LIKE A SOLDIER. 45 00:07:24,644 --> 00:07:34,520 >> THIS ENGINEER IS IN CHARGE OF REPAIRS NATIONWIDE. AND SO, FOR SECURIY REASONS, THEY ASKED US NOT TO USE HIS 46 00:07:34,587 --> 00:07:42,128 NAME. HE TOLD US, THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE HAVE THEIR FRONT LINE THAT THEY DEFEND, AND WE HOLD 47 00:07:42,195 --> 00:07:47,934 THE ENERGY FRONT. SO, YES, THESE ARE PRACTICALLY SOLDIERS. >> WHAT ARE THE RUSSIANS TRYING 48 00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:56,542 TO DO? >> SO, THEY CANNOT WIN THE WAR AT THE BATTLEFIELD, SO THEY ARE EFFECTIVELY TERRORIZING 49 00:07:56,609 --> 00:08:01,747 POPULATIONS, CIVILIANS, TO BLACKMAIL POLITICAL LEADERSHIP TO START NEGOTIATIONS. THIS IS WHAT THEY ARE DOING. 50 00:08:01,814 --> 00:08:10,156 >> THIS IS TERRORISM IN YOUR VIEW? >> ABSOLUTELY, YES. >> Reporter: TERROR FOUND 51 00:08:10,223 --> 00:08:17,997 ANATOLIY KAHARLITSKIY ON THE QUIET STREET WHERE HE'S LIVED 40 YEARS. HIS FAMILY WAS COOKING UP A NEW 52 00:08:18,064 --> 00:08:26,939 YEAR'S EVE CELEBRATION, WHEN A MISSILE MEANT FOR THE GRID RUINED HIS HOPES AND PLANS FOR ALL THE YEARS TO COME. 53 00:08:27,006 --> 00:08:35,915 HE FOUND HIS DAUGHTER-IN-LAW IN THE WRECKAGE OF HIS HOME. SHE WAS CRUSHED, BROKEN, HE SAID. 54 00:08:35,982 --> 00:08:48,728 SHE DIED IN AN INSTANT. HE'S A RETIRED REPORTER, USED TO MAKING SENSE OF FACTS. BUT IN THIS, THERE IS ONLY 55 00:08:48,794 --> 00:08:56,102 BEWILDERMENT. I DON'T UNDERSTAND WHY THIS IS HAPPENING. THIS IS RUSSIA'S WORLD. 56 00:08:56,168 --> 00:09:04,176 THIS IS HOW THEY ARE LIBERATING US. THESE ARE PIECES OF THE MISSILE. >> Translator: YES, PIECES OF 57 00:09:04,243 --> 00:09:15,521 THE MISSILE. ALL OF THIS WAS FLYING HERE AND THERE. HOW CAN YOU ESCAPE FROM IT? 58 00:09:15,588 --> 00:09:25,831 >> KAHARLITSKIY DID NOT ESCAPE. THEY STITCHED ME UP ALL OVER, HE SAID. HIS WIFE SURVIVED WITH THEIR SON 59 00:09:25,898 --> 00:09:35,074 AND GRANDSON. HIS DAUGHTER-IN-LAW WAS 36. >> WAS THIS THEIR WEDDING DAY? >> Translator: YES. 60 00:09:35,141 --> 00:09:46,652 YES, THIS WAS THE WEDDING DAY. >> Reporter: SHE WAS AN ACCOUNTANT AND MOTHER TO A 10-YEAR-OLD SON. 61 00:09:46,719 --> 00:09:57,863 WHAT SHOULD THE WORLD KNOW ABOUT THIS WAR? >> Translator: PEOPLE SHOULD REALIZE THAT THIS INFECTION 62 00:09:57,930 --> 00:10:07,306 THAT'S COMING FROM MOSCOW, IT WON'T STOP HERE. IF THEY OVERCOME US HERE, THEY'LL MOVE FURTHER INTO 63 00:10:07,373 --> 00:10:15,781 EUROPE. I AM 74 YEARS OLD. I WENT TO THE GUN RANGE FOR SHOOTING PRACTICE. 64 00:10:15,848 --> 00:10:28,928 I WILL FIGHT IF THEY COME HERE. I WILL FIGHT UNTIL THEY KILL ME. >> Reporter: RECENTLY, UKRAINE HAS BEEN KILLING MORE OF THE 65 00:10:28,995 --> 00:10:40,773 MISSILES AIMED AT THE GRID. KYIV COPS MORTALLY WOUNDED A SLOW-FLYING DRONE. BELOW THE SOUND OF GUNFIRE, THE 66 00:10:40,840 --> 00:10:51,817 CAPITAL OF 3 MILLION VIBRATES WITH SOME OF THE 800,000 GENERATORS UKRAINE HAS IMPORTED. AT NIGHT, THE CITY DARKENS MOST 67 00:10:51,884 --> 00:11:01,527 WINDOWS AND KILLS ITS STREET LAMP LS LAMPS, LEAVING MOSTLY HEADLIGHTS UNDER A WINTER SKY TOO THICK FOR 68 00:11:01,594 --> 00:11:10,136 THE MOON. AN ESTIMATED 1,200 MISSILES AND DRONES HAVE ATTACKED THE GRID. AND BACK ON CENTRAL STREET, WE 69 00:11:10,202 --> 00:11:20,046 FOUND A WOMAN WHO CAN SUM UP THE RAGE. OKSANA CROW OKSANA KORONIK IS A NURSE, WHO 70 00:11:20,112 --> 00:11:24,817 IS CAMPING IN HER BLACKED OUT APARTMENT WITH HER HUSBAND AND SON. SHE SEEMS TO BE FIGHTING THE 71 00:11:24,884 --> 00:11:36,495 WHOLE RUSSIAN ARMY TO CLAW BACK SOMETHING NORMAL. WHEN YOU CAME BACK HOME AFTER THE BOMBING, WHAT DID YOU SEE? 72 00:11:36,562 --> 00:11:45,771 >> Translator: HORROR. HORROR, OKSANA TOLD US. IT HURT. EVERY CELL IN MY BODY WAS IN 73 00:11:45,838 --> 00:11:52,611 PAIN. I COULD NOT BEAR TO SEE IT. WE POURED OUR SOUL, OUR FINANCES, OUR WORK INTO THIS. 74 00:11:52,678 --> 00:12:01,520 I CRIED FOR PROBABLY THREE WEEKS. >> Reporter: THE GAS IS BACK ON IN APARTMENT 28, BUT FOR LIGHTS 75 00:12:01,587 --> 00:12:09,228 AND PHONES, SHE HAS CAR BATTERIES THAT LAST NINE HOURS, IF SHE'S CAREFUL. GROCERIES ARE CHILLED IN A ROOM 76 00:12:09,295 --> 00:12:19,772 WITH A WINDOW CRACKED, AND IT GALLS HER WHEN TIMOTHY MISSES ONLINE SCHOOL BECAUSE THE POWER IS OUT. 77 00:12:19,839 --> 00:12:29,014 THIS IS HIS ACTUAL SCHOOL ON CENTRAL STREET. UKRAINE SAYS PUTIN HAS DESTROYED 214 SCHOOLS. 78 00:12:29,081 --> 00:12:41,627 THE U.N. COUNTS 683 ATTACKS ON HOSPITALS AND CLINICS. >> THE RUSSIANS SAY THAT THEY'RE ATTACKING ONLY MILITARY TARGETS. 79 00:12:41,694 --> 00:12:49,168 >> Translator: NO. THEY HAVE DESTROYED OUR LIFE. THEY DESTROYED OUR KINDERGARTEN. THEY DESTROYED OUR SCHOOL. 80 00:12:49,235 --> 00:12:59,545 THEY DESTROYED OUR MUSIC SCHOOL. FOR SOME PEOPLE, THEY'VE EVEN DESTROYED THEIR WORKPLACE. THEY HAVE DESTROYED EVERYTHING. 81 00:12:59,612 --> 00:13:09,188 THEY HAVE DESTROYED US FROM THE INSIDE OUT. I RECOGNIZE NOW THAT I AM FEELING HATRED FOR OTHER PEOPLE. 82 00:13:09,255 --> 00:13:18,164 I WAS NEVER THIS KIND OF PERSON BEFORE. >> Reporter: BUT THEN, SHE'D NEVER DOWNLOADED AN AIR RAID APP 83 00:13:18,230 --> 00:13:26,639 BEFORE. IT'S CONNECTED TO THE NATIONAL WARNING SYSTEM, BUT SHE FINALLY MUTED THE SOUND. 84 00:13:26,705 --> 00:13:35,080 TOO MANY SIRENS, DAY AND NIGHT. >> Reporter: THE RUSSIANS BELIEVE THAT IF THEY CAN KEEP YOUR FAMILY IN THE DARK AND IN 85 00:13:35,147 --> 00:13:45,758 THE COLD LONG ENOUGH, YOUR WILL TO RESIST WILL DISSOLVE. >> Translator: NO. OUR WILL WILL NOT DISAPPEAR. 86 00:13:45,824 --> 00:13:54,767 IT WILL ONLY GET STRONGER. I REALLY WANT TO GO AND GIVE THOSE RUSSIANS, THAT PUTIN, A REALLY GREAT SLAP IN THE FACE, A 87 00:13:54,833 --> 00:14:07,746 GREAT BIG SLAP IN THE FACE FROM A WOMAN. >> Reporter: THEY O. Y MAKE >> Translator: THEY ONLY MAKE 88 00:14:07,813 --> 00:14:12,551 THEMSELVES MORE HATED, WHILE WE ARE BECOMING MORE AND MORE UNITED. >> Reporter: AS ON EVERY FRONT 89 00:14:12,618 --> 00:14:22,628 IN HIS UNPROVOKED UKRAINE FIASCO, PUTIN HAS FAILED HERE TOO. HE CAME UP AGAINST VIRA 90 00:14:22,695 --> 00:14:30,669 SAVCHENKO, HER FINGERS WORKING, AND HER HEELS DUG IN. SOMEHOW, I'M NOT AFRAID ANYMORE, SHE SAID. 91 00:14:30,736 --> 00:14:35,541 >> Translator: ON THURSDAY, IN THE CITY CENTER, THERE'S A MARKET. THIS THURSDAY, THERE WERE AIR 92 00:14:35,608 --> 00:14:40,346 RAID SIRENS. THERE WAS SHOOTING. BUT FOR SOME REASON, IT DIDN'T FRIGHTEN ME THIS TIME. 93 00:14:40,412 --> 00:14:55,894 I TURN UP THE VOLUME ON TV OR RADIO SO I DON'T HEAR ANYTHING. >> Reporter: IN A CONDEMNED BUILDING ON CENTRAL STREET, WE 94 00:14:55,961 --> 00:15:03,702 SAW PUTIN'S TERROR CAMPAIGN UNITING UKRAINIANS LIKE AMERICANS AFTER 9/11. WE LEFT A GREAT GRANDMOTHER 95 00:15:03,769 --> 00:15:11,877 NITTING DILIGENTLY INTO A DIM, COLD NIGHT. KNITTING WITH A VENGEANCE. KNITTING SOCKS FOR UKRAINIAN 96 00:15:11,944 --> 00:15:33,866 SOLDIERS. >>> GO INSIDE UKRAINE'S FIGHT TO KEEP THE POWER ON. . 97 00:15:33,932 --> 00:15:41,940 >>> WHEN SANNA MARIN WAS ELECTED PRIME MINISTER OF FINLAND IN 2019, SHE MADE HISTORY. AT 34 YEARS OLD, MARIN BECAME 98 00:15:42,007 --> 00:15:46,412 THE YOUNGEST HEAD OF GOVERNMENT IN THE WORLD. BUT IT WASN'T THE PRIME MINISTER'S POLITICAL MOVES THAT 99 00:15:46,478 --> 00:15:52,518 CAUGHT THE WORLD'S ATTENTION LAST SUMMER. IT WAS HER DANCING. YOU MAY RECALL THE UPROAR AFTER 100 00:15:52,584 --> 00:16:00,793 A VIDEO OF THE MILLENNIAL PRIME MINISTER PARTYING WITH FRIENDS WAS LEAKED TO THE PRESS. PRIME MINISTER MARIN WAS ALREADY 101 00:16:00,859 --> 00:16:09,401 IN THE SPOTLIGHT AFTER RUSSIA INVADED UKRAINE LAST YEAR. FINLAND AND RUSSIA SHARE A LONG BORDER AND A COMPLICATED 102 00:16:09,468 --> 00:16:18,277 HISTORY. IN MAY, PRIME MINISTER MARIN, ANNOUNCED FINLAND WOULD APPLY FOR NATO MEMBERSHIP, A BOLD MOVE 103 00:16:18,344 --> 00:16:31,824 THAT ENDED SEVEN DECADES OF FINNISH NEUTRALITY. >> I THINK VLADIMIR PUTIN IS NOT SOMEONE YOU CAN REASON WITH. 104 00:16:31,890 --> 00:16:39,098 HIS ACTIONS ARE EMOTIONAL AND IT'S BASED ON SOME FEELING OF HISTORY AND GREATNESS OF RUSSIA. THEY SEE UKRAINE PART OF RUSSIA, 105 00:16:39,164 --> 00:16:45,437 AND THEY THINK THAT THEY HAVE THE RIGHT TO ATTACK ANOTHER INDEPENDENT COUNTRY. >> DO YOU THINK THAT, AS WE SIT 106 00:16:45,504 --> 00:16:52,544 HERE RIGHT NOW, THAT RUSSIA POSES A THREAT TO FINLAND? >> I THINK RUSSIA POSES A THREAT TO ALL OF EUROPE. 107 00:16:52,611 --> 00:16:59,451 THEY ARE ATTACKING ANOTHER COUNTRY. THEY ARE KILLING CIVILIANS. THEY ARE DEMOLISHING 108 00:16:59,518 --> 00:17:05,491 IFRASTRUCTURE. RUSSIA POSES A THREAT TO ALL OF US, AND THAT'S WHY WE HAVE TO MAKE SURE THAT UKRAINE WILL WIN. 109 00:17:05,557 --> 00:17:13,932 >> WE MET SANNA MARIN AT THE PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICIAL RESIDENCE IN HELSINKI. >> OH, WOW, THIS IS BEAUTIFUL. 110 00:17:13,999 --> 00:17:23,575 >> A QUIET SPOT OVERLOOKING THE FROZEN BALTIC SEA. >> WE ALSO HAVE OUR OWN HOME. >> Reporter: MOMENTS OF QUIET 111 00:17:23,642 --> 00:17:31,950 HAVE BEEN FEW AND FAR BETWEEN FOR PRIME MINISTER MARIN, WHO, OVER THE LAST THREE YEARS, HAS MOVED FROM ONE ONCE IN A 112 00:17:32,017 --> 00:17:40,726 LIFETIME CRISIS TO ANOTHER. THE MOST DEFINING ONE UNFOLDING LAST YEAR. FINLAND'S 800-MILE BORDER WITH 113 00:17:40,793 --> 00:17:49,468 RUSSIA IS THE LONGEST OF ANY EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRY. >> HOW QUICKLY AFTER THE INVASION DID YOU DECIDE THAT 114 00:17:49,535 --> 00:17:56,175 FINLAND SHOULD JOIN NATO? >> I KNEW RIGHT AWAY. I WAS LEANING IN FAVOR OF NATO EVEN BEFORE. 115 00:17:56,241 --> 00:18:06,985 BUT THE COUNTRY WASN'T READY TO ASK THE FINNISH PEOPLE OR POLITICIANS IN THE PARLIAMENT. BEFORE THE WAR MATURITY, WOULD 116 00:18:07,052 --> 00:18:13,725 HAVE SAID NO. BUT AFTER THE WAR STARTED, I KNEW IMMEDIATELY THIS WAS THE ONLY WAY OF FINLAND TO JOIN THE 117 00:18:13,792 --> 00:18:16,829 ALLIANCE. >> WHEN YOU SAY, THIS IS THE ONLY WAY, WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THAT? 118 00:18:16,895 --> 00:18:23,635 >> WELL, WE ARE A NEXT DOOR NEIGHBOR TO RUSSIA. AND NOW WE HAVE SEEN THAT RUSSIA IS ATTACKING, TODAY, THEIR 119 00:18:23,702 --> 00:18:30,209 NEIGHBORING COUNTRY. AND WE DON'T EVER AGAIN WANT TO SEE WAR IN FINLAND. SO, WE ARE ASKING OURSELVES, 120 00:18:30,275 --> 00:18:35,614 WHAT IS THE LINE THAT RUSSIA WOULDN'T CROSS? AND THAT'S THE NATO LINE. >> Reporter: THE INVASION OF 121 00:18:35,681 --> 00:18:48,760 UKRAINE OPENED OLD SCARS FOR MANY IFINNS. 1939, FINLAND WAS INVADED BY THE SOVIET UNION. 122 00:18:48,827 --> 00:18:57,035 SINCE WORLD WAR II, FINLAND HAS BEEN RELATIVELY NEUTRAL. ITS LEADERS CHARACTERIZED AS BEAR WHISPERS FOR THEIR ABILITY 123 00:18:57,102 --> 00:19:03,842 TO STAND UP TO VLADIMIR PUTIN BUT NOT PROVOKE HIM. THE PRESIDENT OF FINLAND, WHO OVERSEAS FOREIGN POLICY, 124 00:19:03,909 --> 00:19:10,182 REPORTEDLY LAST SPOKE TO PUTIN LAST MAY, THE SAME MONTH FINLAND SUBMITTED ITS APPLICATION TO JOIN NATO. 125 00:19:10,249 --> 00:19:17,623 >> PUTIN HAS SAID RUSSIA MAY BE FORCED TO TAKE RETALIATORY STEPS. DO YOU VIEW THOSE WORDS AAS I 126 00:19:17,689 --> 00:19:23,795 THREAT? >> I THINK WE SHOULD MAKE OUR DECISIONS NOT BASED BY FEAR BUT WHAT WE REALLY FEEL AND THINK. 127 00:19:23,862 --> 00:19:33,505 AND THAT'S WHY WE ARE JOINING NATO, AND HOPEFULLY WE WILL BE MEMBERS OF NATO VERY SOON. >> IT'S ONE THING TO SAY, WE 128 00:19:33,572 --> 00:19:41,113 SUPPORT UKRAINE. IT'S A VERY DIFFERENT THING TO GO TO UKRAINE, TO STAND NEXT TO PRESIDENT ZELENSKYY, WHICH YOU 129 00:19:41,179 --> 00:19:47,185 DID, WHICH WAS A BOLD MOVE. WHY DID YOU CHOOSE TO DO THAT? >> WELL, I THINK IT'S VERY IMPORTANT THAT WE ARE SHOWING 130 00:19:47,252 --> 00:19:55,961 SOLIDARITY IN MANY WAYS, BY SENDING HUMANITARIAN AID, FINANCIAL AID, MILITARY AID, EQUIPMENT, FOR EXAMPLE, AND I 131 00:19:56,028 --> 00:20:02,167 THINK IT SENDS A VERY IMPORTANT MESSAGE THAT WE ARE IN IT TOGETHER. THEY ARE NOT ALONE. 132 00:20:02,234 --> 00:20:09,675 WE ARE RIGHT BESIDE THEM. >> Reporter: TAKING SIDES IS NOT WHAT THE FINNS ARE KNOWN FOR. BUT SANNA MARIN SEEMS TO ENJOY 133 00:20:09,741 --> 00:20:16,415 BREAKING TRADITION. MARIN, WHO WAS RAISED BY HER MOTHER AND HER FEMALE PARTNER IN A WORKING CLASS NEIGHBORHOOD, 134 00:20:16,481 --> 00:20:26,391 WAS THE FIRST IN HER FAMILY TO GRADUATE HIGH SCHOOL AND LATER COLLEGE. SHE WAS ELECTED TO CITY COUNCIL 135 00:20:26,458 --> 00:20:34,199 IN 2007. SOON, HER CONTENTIOUS DEBATES WERE SHARED AROUND YOUTUBE. SHE WAS ELECTED TO PARLIAMENT AS 136 00:20:34,266 --> 00:20:40,739 A MEMBER OF THE LEFT-LEANING SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY. AT AGE 34, SHE WAS NAMED THE PRIME MINISTER OF FINLAND, THE 137 00:20:40,806 --> 00:20:49,281 MOST POWERFUL POLITICAL POSITION IN THE COUNTRY. >> WAS THAT YOUR INTENTION? >> I NEVER REALLY HAD FOCUS 138 00:20:49,348 --> 00:20:56,888 ABOUT MY OWN CAREER. I KNOW THAT SOUNDS INTERESTING BECAUSE I AM IN THIS POSITION. BUT IT'S ALSO COINCIDENCE THAT I 139 00:20:56,955 --> 00:21:01,259 BECAME A PRIME MINISTER. >> REALLY? YOU CAN BECOME PRIME MINISTER BY COINCIDENCE? 140 00:21:01,326 --> 00:21:08,066 >> WELL, I WAS THE FIRST VICE CHAIR OF OUR PARTY WHEN THE LAST PREVIOUS PRIME MINISTER RESIGNED. 141 00:21:08,133 --> 00:21:16,241 AND THEN I HAD TO STEP UP. >> Reporter: THE FORMER PRIME MINISTER SUBMITTED HIS RESIGNATION AFTER HE WAS ACCUSED 142 00:21:16,308 --> 00:21:25,017 OF MISHANDLING A POSTAL STRIKE. MARIN WAS CHOSEN BY HER PARTY TO FILL HIS SHOES. >> BUT IT WASN'T SOMETHING I 143 00:21:25,083 --> 00:21:30,656 PURSUED. I WASN'T SURE, IS IT SOMETHING THAT I PERSONALLY WANT? OR AM I CAPABLE OF DOING ALL OF 144 00:21:30,722 --> 00:21:37,663 THOSE THINGS? BUT I THOUGHT THAT IF SOMEBODY ELSE CAN DO IT, WHY NOT ME? >> Reporter: MARIN, WHO WAS THE 145 00:21:37,729 --> 00:21:46,705 MOTHER OF A NEWBORN, WITH HER NOW HUSBAND, TOOK OFFICE IN DECEMBER 2019, LEADING A HISTORIC COALITION GOVERNMENT IN 146 00:21:46,772 --> 00:21:51,376 WHICH ALL PARTY LEADERS WERE WOMEN. A MONTH LATER, THE PRIME MINISTER AND HER NEW CABINET 147 00:21:51,443 --> 00:21:59,017 WERE TESTED WITH A GLOBAL PANDEMIC. >> THAT HAD TO BE JUST A CRASH COURSE OF LEADERSHIP FOR YOU. 148 00:21:59,084 --> 00:22:05,991 WHAT WERE THOSE DAYS LIKE, AS YOU WERE FIGURING THAT OUT? >> EVERYBODY WAS, LIKE, FROZEN IN THE BEGINNING. 149 00:22:06,058 --> 00:22:13,899 WHAT SHOULD WE DO? AND THEN IT REALLY TOOK POLITICAL LEADERSHIP FROM ME BUT ALSO MANY MINISTERS THAT WERE IN 150 00:22:13,965 --> 00:22:25,077 THE CENTER, IN THE MIDDLE, OF THE CRISIS. SO, IT WAS ALSO LONELY. IT TOOK COURAGE, A LOT, TO DO 151 00:22:25,143 --> 00:22:34,019 THOSE VERY DIFFICULT CHOICES THAT WE WEREN'T PREPARED BEFORE. >> Reporter: SHE'S TALKING ABOUT WHEN SHE ORDERED HER COUNTRY'S 152 00:22:34,086 --> 00:22:42,027 BORDERS AND SCHOOLS TO BE SHUT DOWN IN MARCH OF 2020 AND PROMPTLY IMPOSED A LOCKDOWN. FINLAND FARED BETTER THAN MOST 153 00:22:42,094 --> 00:22:48,066 OF EUROPE, WITH LOWER INFECTION RATES AND A QUICKER ECONOMIC RECOVERY. PRIME MINISTER MARIN WAS PRAISED 154 00:22:48,133 --> 00:22:57,909 FOR HER STEADY LEADERSHIP AND EARNED AN 85% APPROVAL RATING FOR HER HANDLING OF THE CRISIS. BUT AS THE PANDEMIC CAME TO AN 155 00:22:57,976 --> 00:23:04,549 END, THE PUBLIC SPOTLIGHT TURNED TO THE PRIME MINISTER'S PRIVATE LIFE. IN AUGUST, A SERIES OF PRIVATE 156 00:23:04,616 --> 00:23:13,391 VIDEOS, INCLUDING ONE OF THE PRIME MINISTER DANCING WITH FRIENDS, WAS LEAKED TO THE PRESS AND MADE INTERNATIONAL 157 00:23:13,458 --> 00:23:23,902 HEADLINES. CRITICS ACCUSED HER OF EMBARRASSING FINLAND, A COUNTRY THAT PRIDES ITSELF ON BEING 158 00:23:23,969 --> 00:23:32,911 STOIC AND RESERVED. OPPONENTS REQUIRED SHE TAKE A DRUG TEST, WHICH WAS NEGATIVE. MARIN HELD BACK TEARS, DEFENDING 159 00:23:32,978 --> 00:23:41,319 HER ACTIONS, SAYING, I AM A HUMAN. DURING THESE DARK TIMES, I TOO NEED SOME JOY, LIGHT, AND FUN. 160 00:23:41,386 --> 00:23:49,561 SHE ADDED SHE'D NEVER MISSED A DAY OF WORK. IN YOUR APOLOGY, YOU SAID, I'M A HUMAN. 161 00:23:49,628 --> 00:23:55,534 DO YOU THINK POLITICIANS ARE ALLOWED TO BE HUMAN NOW? >> I THINK WE NEED MORE POLITICIANS THAT ARE HUMAN, THAT 162 00:23:55,600 --> 00:24:04,476 ARE NORMAL HUMAN, ALSO SHOWING EMOTIONS AND ALSO BEING THEMSELVES BECAUSE THEY ARE REPRESENTING ORDINARY PEOPLE. 163 00:24:04,543 --> 00:24:11,716 >> Reporter: ON SOCIAL MEDIA, WOMEN AROUND THE WORLD RUSHED TO MARIN'S DEFENSE POSTING VIDEOS OF THEMSELVES DANCING IN 164 00:24:11,783 --> 00:24:16,354 SOLIDARITY. >> THOSE VIDEOS WEREN'T SOMETHING THAT I WANTED TO BE LEAKED. 165 00:24:16,421 --> 00:24:22,894 THOSE WERE PRIVATE. IT WAS PRIVATE APARTMENT AND PRIVATE VIDEOS. BUT OF COURSE THAT DIDN'T STOP 166 00:24:22,961 --> 00:24:30,101 THE MEDIA OF PUBLISHING THEM. >> BUT THE BACKLASH, YOU KNOW, BORIS JOHNSON, THERE'S VIDEOS OF HIM DANCING. 167 00:24:30,168 --> 00:24:35,440 >> AND THERE'S VIDEOS OF A LOT OF PEOPLE DANCING. >> AND IT WASN'T AN INTERNATIONAL INCIDENT. 168 00:24:35,507 --> 00:24:42,147 >> YEAH. >> DO YOU THINK IT WAS BECAUSE YOU WERE A WOMAN AND A YOUNG WOMAN THAT YOU WERE CRITICIZED 169 00:24:42,214 --> 00:24:48,420 THE WAY YOU WERE CRITICIZED? >> I THINK ONE OF THE REASONS WHY IT CAUSED THAT KIND OF FRENZY WAS THE WAY I LOOKED IN 170 00:24:48,486 --> 00:25:01,600 THE VIDEOS, THE WAY I DANCED. AND SOME PEOPLE THOUGHT THAT'S NOT APPROPRIATE BECAUSE THERE ARE THESE NON-WRITTEN RULES 171 00:25:01,666 --> 00:25:09,574 STILL UNFORTUNATELY FOR WOMEN AND ESPECIALLY WOMEN IN THESE POSITIONS, THAT YOU SHOULDN'T BE HUMAN BE. 172 00:25:09,641 --> 00:25:16,982 THAT YOU SHOULD ONLY BE PUT IN CERTAIN KIND OF POSITION AND THAT YOU SHOULD STAY IN THAT POSITION. 173 00:25:17,048 --> 00:25:20,886 I DON'T CARE ABOUT THOSE RULES. I REALLY DON'T. I'M LIVING MY LIFE. I'M STILL DANCING. 174 00:25:20,952 --> 00:25:31,062 I'M DRINKING OCCASIONALLY, MEETING MY FRIENDS, AND DOING ALL KIND OF THINGS THAT ARE NORMAL FOR MY AGE PEOPLE. 175 00:25:31,129 --> 00:25:43,241 I DON'T THINK THAT WE SHOULD GIVE THAT ROOM FOR -- I THINK WE SHOULD ALL JUST BE OURSELVES. AND PEOPLE CAN VOTE. 176 00:25:43,308 --> 00:25:48,113 WE LIVE IN DEMOCRACY. THAT'S THE GOOD THING. THEY CAN VOTE. THEY CAN VOTE ME OUT IF THEY 177 00:25:48,179 --> 00:25:51,816 WANT. >> Reporter: PRIME MINISTER MARIN IS UP FOR RE-ELECTION IN APRIL. 178 00:25:51,883 --> 00:26:01,593 WE WENT WITH HER TO A PARTY KICKOFF EVENT EARLIER THIS MONTH THAT LOOKED MORE LIKE A YOU'RE VISION 179 00:26:01,660 --> 00:26:07,666 UROVISION COMPETITION. REFITTING OF A ROCK STAR. >> HOW DID YOU FEEL ABOUT TODAY? >> IT'S VERY GOOD ATMOSPHERE. 180 00:26:07,732 --> 00:26:13,738 PEOPLE ARE SO HAPPY. THEY ARE WILLING TO MAKE THE CAMPAIGN HAPPEN AND REALLY WIN THE ELECTION. 181 00:26:13,805 --> 00:26:21,513 >> Reporter: POLLS SHOW MARIN IS THE MOST POPULAR PRIME MINISTER IN FINLAND IN 30 YEARS. SHE MANAGES HER OWN INSTAGRAM 182 00:26:21,579 --> 00:26:27,953 ACCOUNT OF MORE THAN A MILLION FOLLOWERS. POSING FOR PHOTOS AT ROCK FESTIVALS AND SHOWING UP ON 183 00:26:28,019 --> 00:26:34,292 REALITY SHOWS. BUT THE PRIME MINISTER IS FACING A TIGHT RACE AGAINST THE CONSERVATIVE TRUE FINNS PARTY. 184 00:26:34,359 --> 00:26:42,067 >> VOTERS TO THE RIGHT WITH THE ANTIIMMIGRATION SENTIMENT, DOES THAT CONCERN YOU HERE IN FINLAND? 185 00:26:42,133 --> 00:26:49,708 >> I DON'T THINK THAT'S THE ANSWER TO ANYTHING. I REALLY SEE THE PROBLEMS WE ARE FACING ALSO BECAUSE OUR 186 00:26:49,774 --> 00:26:58,283 POPULATION IS AGING. WE NEED MORE PEOPLE IN FINLAND. SO, I THINK THE FAR RIGHT, THEY ARE REALLY WRONG. 187 00:26:58,350 --> 00:27:05,256 AND IT'S VERY, VERY DANGEROUS. POLITICS ALSO BECAUSE WE CANNOT -- OURSELF. >> WHY DO YOU THINK IT'S 188 00:27:05,323 --> 00:27:12,764 DANGEROUS? >> BECAUSE IF WE WOULD CLOSE OUR DOORS, KNOW THE PEOPLE, THEN WE WOULDN'T HAVE THAT ECONOMIC 189 00:27:12,831 --> 00:27:19,104 GROWTH. WE WOULDN'T HAVE NEW JOBS. WE WOULDN'T HAVE THE PROSPECTS. AND THEY HAVE ALSO SAID THAT 190 00:27:19,170 --> 00:27:27,212 THEIR AIM AND GOAL IS TO GET RID OF EUROPEAN UNION, TO LEAVE EUROPEAN UNION. >> WHAT WOULD THAT MEAN TO 191 00:27:27,278 --> 00:27:34,219 FINLAND? >> IT WOULD BE A CATASTROPHE TO FINLAND IF WE WERE TO LEAVE. IT WOULD BE SO STUPID, I WOULD 192 00:27:34,285 --> 00:27:40,992 SAY, BLUNTLY. WE HAVE SEEN THE PROBLEMS WITH BREXIT AND GREAT BRITAIN. IT'S A BIGGER COUNTRY THAN 193 00:27:41,059 --> 00:27:46,398 FINLAND. WE ARE A SMALL COUNTRY. WE HAVE AN AGGRESSIVE NEIGHBOR. THERE'S NO OTHER CHOICE OR 194 00:27:46,464 --> 00:27:52,070 POSSIBILITY FOR US THAN TO STAY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION. >> Reporter: IT IS A DEFINING MOMENT FOR FINLAND AND FOR PRIME 195 00:27:52,137 --> 00:27:57,275 MINISTER MARIN. JUST AFTER OUR VISIT, SHE APPEARED WITH OTHER HEADS OF STATE AT THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE 196 00:27:57,342 --> 00:28:06,484 AND SNAPPED A SELFIE WITH PRESIDENT ZELENSKYY. >> YOUR CRITICS SAID YOU WERE TOO YOUNG, YOU WERE 197 00:28:06,551 --> 00:28:11,356 INEXPERIENCED. YOU HAVE SINCE NEGOTIATED A GLOBAL PANDEMIC. YOU'VE GONE TOE TO TOE WITH 198 00:28:11,423 --> 00:28:16,895 VLADIMIR PUTIN. WHAT DO YOU SAY TO YOUR CRITICS NOW? >> I DON'T FOCUS ON THEIR 199 00:28:16,961 --> 00:28:21,466 CRITICS. THEY WILL FAULT WHATEVER I DO. YOU SHOULD FOCUS ON THE ISSUES THAT ARE ON THE TABLE. 200 00:28:21,533 --> 00:28:30,809 AND I THINK THE MOST IMPORTANT THING IS NOT TO BE AFRAID. I THINK TOO MANY PEOPLE ARE LIVING THEIR LIVES TO BE TOO 201 00:28:30,875 --> 00:28:35,180 AFRAID. AND I THINK ALSO TOO MANY POLITICIANS ARE NOT DOING THE IMPORTANT POSITIONS BECAUSE THEY 202 00:28:35,246 --> 00:28:50,762 ARE AFRAID. . >>> AT A TIME WHEN WE'RE HAVING A NATIONAL DISCUSSION ABOUT HOW 203 00:28:50,829 --> 00:29:00,672 BLACK HISTORY FITS INTO THE AMERICAN MOSAIC, WE DISCOVERED THAT MANY STORIES OF BLACK ACHIEVEMENT ARE SLIPPING AWAY, 204 00:29:00,738 --> 00:29:08,046 GOING UNPRESERVED FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS. A NON-PROFIT, NON-PARTISAN ORGANIZATION CALLED THE 205 00:29:08,113 --> 00:29:15,887 HISTORYMAKERS IS HOPING TO CHANGE THAT, BY CREATING AN EXPANSIVE DIGITAL ARCHIVE OF FIRST PERSON ACCOUNTS. 206 00:29:15,954 --> 00:29:25,697 FOUNDER JULIEANNA RICHARDSON TOLD US SHE'S DETERMINED TO DOCUMENT THE DOCUMENT BLACK HISTORY IN 207 00:29:25,763 --> 00:29:36,841 AMERICA ONE STORY AT A TIME. >> IN SOCIETY TODAY, WHO IS BEING VALUED. WHO HAS VALUE AND WHO DOESN'T? 208 00:29:36,908 --> 00:29:44,048 YOU PRESERVE WHAT HAS VALUE. >> Reporter: JULIEANNA RICHARDSON HAS BEEN PRESERVING BLACK AMERICAN STORIES FOR THE 209 00:29:44,115 --> 00:29:50,655 PAST TWO DECADES. ONE DAY SHE'S INTERVIEWING THE FIRST BLACK PRESIDENT OF RUTGERS UNIVERSITY. 210 00:29:50,722 --> 00:29:56,494 >> WHAT THINGS DID YOU FIND OUT ABOUT? >> THE DAILY RACISM MY SIBLINGS DEALT WITH. 211 00:29:56,561 --> 00:30:04,502 >> ANOTHER DAY, ANITA HILL. >> IN THREE COUNTIES, THE CENSUS TAKERS ACTUALLY BOTHERED TO LIST THE SLAVES BY NAME. 212 00:30:04,569 --> 00:30:12,944 AND THAT'S HOW I MET AND FOUND OUT WHO MY GREAT, GREAT GRANDPARENTS WERE. >> Reporter: HILL, KNOWN FOR HER 213 00:30:13,011 --> 00:30:20,084 TESTIMONY AGAINST CLARENCE THOMAS, WASN'T EASY TO GET. >> IT'S BEEN A LONG TIME COMING. I'M REALLY HAPPY TO HAVE YOU 214 00:30:20,151 --> 00:30:25,990 HERE. >> WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO HAVE THESE FIRST-PERSON ACCOUNTS? >> HOW ELSE ARE YOU GOING TO 215 00:30:26,057 --> 00:30:37,569 KNOW WHAT REALLY HAS HAPPENED IN THE BLACK COMMUNITY IF YOU DON'T ALLOW THE COMMUNITY TO SPEAK FOR ITSELF. 216 00:30:37,635 --> 00:30:40,805 ITSELF? >> YOU'VE CALLED THESE AMERICA'S MISSING STORIES. >> THEY ARE. 217 00:30:40,872 --> 00:30:48,980 THEY'RE AMERICA'S MISSING STORIES. AND AMERICAN HISTORY WON'T BE COMPLETE WITHOUT THEM. 218 00:30:49,047 --> 00:30:54,419 >> Reporter: RUCH >> Reporter: RICHARDSON AND HER STAFF IN CHICAGO HAVE CREATED A HISTORY OF AFRICAN AMERICAN 219 00:30:54,485 --> 00:31:00,792 HISTORIES. THERE ARE MORE THAN 3,500 INTERVIEWS SO FAR. EACH ONE IS TRANSCRIBED, THEN 220 00:31:00,858 --> 00:31:08,866 POSTED ONLINE. IT'S A WHO'S WHO OF BLACK AMERICA. THERE ARE LUMINARIES LIKE POET, 221 00:31:08,933 --> 00:31:13,838 MAYA ANGELOU. >> I'M NOT TALKING TO BLACKS AND BLACKS ALONE, NO, I'M TALKING TO EVERYBODY. 222 00:31:13,905 --> 00:31:20,812 >> AND THERE ARE RISING STARS, LIKE A YOUNG BARACK OBAMA. >> WHO WOULD YOU SAY INFLUENCED YOU MOST IN YOUR LIFE? 223 00:31:20,878 --> 00:31:28,886 >> RICHARDSON INTERVIEWED HIM WHEN HE WAS AN ILLINOIS STATE SENATOR. >> NOT JUST MALCOLM X, DR. KING, 224 00:31:28,953 --> 00:31:38,162 BUT BOB MOSES AND FANNIE LOU HAMER AND ROSA PARKS. >> THINK ABOUT THIS IS 2001. BY 2008, HE'S PRESIDENT OF THE 225 00:31:38,229 --> 00:31:42,934 UNITED STATES. IT'S EXTRAORDINARY. >> Reporter: EXTRAORDINARY IS A GOOD WAY TO DESCRIBE THE BREADTH 226 00:31:43,001 --> 00:31:48,139 AND DEPTH OF THE COLLECTION. >> YOU WANT TO HEAR SOMETHING REAL CRAZY? >> YES. 227 00:31:48,206 --> 00:31:59,784 >> Reporter: NOT LONG BEFORE HE DIED, BASS BARE TON WILLIAM WARFIELD GAVE AN IMPROMPTU PERFORMANCE IN GERMAN WHILE 228 00:31:59,851 --> 00:32:08,293 RECOUNTING HIS PERFORMANCE OF "SHOW BOAT" THAT BROUGHT DOWN THE HOUSE. >> EVERYBODY WHO SEES THIS IS 229 00:32:08,359 --> 00:32:15,767 SORT OF ENTHRALLED. >> Reporter: JULIEANNA RICHARDSON SAYS AS A CHILD, ALL SHE KNEW OF BLACK HISTORY WAS 230 00:32:15,833 --> 00:32:22,407 THAT HER GREAT GRANDFATHER HAD BEEN ENSLAVED. SHE GREW UP IN A PREDOMINANTLY WHITE OHIO TOWN AND TOLD US, 231 00:32:22,473 --> 00:32:29,380 WHEN SHE WAS NINE, SHE WAS THE ONLY BLACK STUDENT IN HER CLASS. >> YOU HAD NOT BEEN TAUGHT ANYTHING ABOUT BLACK AMERICAN 232 00:32:29,447 --> 00:32:33,384 HISTORY IN SCHOOL? >> NOTHING. BUT I'M NOT THE ONLY ONE. >> NO. 233 00:32:33,451 --> 00:32:41,859 I WASN'T EITHER. >> IT'S A COMMON STORY. >> AS A SOPHOMORE, SHE TRAVELLED TO SHOM BERG LIBRARY FOR A 234 00:32:41,926 --> 00:32:50,501 PROJECT ON THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE. SHE HAD AN EPIPHANY WHILE LISTENING TO A SONG. 235 00:32:50,568 --> 00:32:58,009 SHE THOUGHT WAS ABOUT PRESIDENT HARRY TRUMAN. >> I LEARNED FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT THIS SONG IS WRITTEN ABOUT 236 00:32:58,076 --> 00:33:12,523 A BLACK SONG WRITING TEAM OF NOBLE SISSLE AND EUBIE BLAKE. AND I'M JUST LISTENING TO THE MUSIC. 237 00:33:12,590 --> 00:33:19,564 AND IT WAS, LIKE, IT OPENED THE APPETITE. AND I'M READING AND I'M STUDYING AND I'M LISTENING AND I'M 238 00:33:19,630 --> 00:33:24,302 HEARING. I'M HEARING THESE THINGS THAT I HAD NO KNOWLEDGE OF FOR THE FIRST TIME. 239 00:33:24,369 --> 00:33:31,409 >> Reporter: THE SPARK WAS LIT BUT DIDN'T CATCH FIRE. HER FATHER HAD WANTED HER TO BE A LAWYER. 240 00:33:31,476 --> 00:33:38,983 AFTER HARVARD LAW SCHOOL, SHE HAD A SUCCESSFUL CAREER AS A CORPORATE LAWYER AND CABLE ENTREPRENEUR, BUT SHE WAS 241 00:33:39,050 --> 00:33:44,055 RESTLESS. >> I WAS IN MY MID 40s. I DIDN'T HAVE CHILDREN. YOU GET TO A POINT IN YOUR LIFE 242 00:33:44,122 --> 00:33:49,827 WHEN YOU START ASKING, YOU KNOW, WHAT IS GOING TO BE YOUR LEAVE BEHIND. WHAT IS GOING TO BE YOUR LEGACY? 243 00:33:49,894 --> 00:33:55,900 AND I WANTED TO DO GOOD IN MY LIFE. >> Reporter: AS SHE MOLD HER FUTURE, SHE WENT TO A LEGAL 244 00:33:55,967 --> 00:34:07,445 CONFERENCE IN MEMPHIS AND HER THE REVEREND BILLY KYLE, WHO WAS ON THE HOTEL BALCONY WITH DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. WHEN HE 245 00:34:07,512 --> 00:34:13,451 WAS ASSASSINATED. RICHARDSON REALIZED THERE WERE LOTS OF IMPORTANT STORIES LIKE HIM. 246 00:34:13,518 --> 00:34:19,791 >> AT THAT MOMENT, THE NAME HISTORYMAKERS CAME TO ME. AND I CAME BACK, AND I WAS LIKE, I KNOW WHAT I'M GOING TO DO. 247 00:34:19,857 --> 00:34:26,164 IT'S GOING TO BE CALLED THE HISTORYMAKERS, AND IT'S GOING TO BE AN ARCHIVE OF BLACK PEOPLE. >> IN THE BEGINNING, DID YOU 248 00:34:26,230 --> 00:34:33,905 HAVE A LOT OF ENCOURAGEMENT? >> MY FRIENDS LITERALLY DID AN INTERVENTION. >> WITH NO MONEY, NO TRAINING, 249 00:34:33,971 --> 00:34:39,811 SHE LAUNCHED THE HISTORYMAKERS IN 1999. AT FIRST, IT WASN'T EASY TO GET PEOPLE TO SHARE THEIR INTIMATE 250 00:34:39,877 --> 00:34:48,219 STORIES WITH A STRANGER, BUT SHE CONVINCED THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN COLONEL BILL THOMPSON. >> WE WERE FLYING NOW WITH WHITE 251 00:34:48,286 --> 00:34:54,292 GUYS. >> HE SAYS, HAVE YOU HEARD OF THE GOLDEN 13? I SAID, NO COLONEL THOMPSON, 252 00:34:54,358 --> 00:35:01,432 I'VE NEVER HEARD OF THE GOLDEN 13. HE SAID, WELL, THEY WERE THE NAVY'S VERSION OF THE TUSKEGEE 253 00:35:01,499 --> 00:35:06,504 AIRMEN. HE SAID FOUR LIVE IN THIS COUNTRY, AND ONE LIVES UPSTAIRS. AND HE WANTS TO TALK TO YOU ALL. 254 00:35:06,571 --> 00:35:14,812 AND IT WAS JUST AT THAT POINT THAT I, YOU KNOW, I KNEW WE'RE AT THE POINT OF DISCOVERING. >> Reporter: BY 2012, SHE HAD 255 00:35:14,879 --> 00:35:23,721 DISCOVERED SO MUCH, THE ARCHIVE HAD GROWN SO VAST, THE COLLECTION SO SIGNIFICANT, THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AGREED TO 256 00:35:23,788 --> 00:35:31,863 BECOME ITS PERMANENT REPOSITORY, ALONGSIDE THE ONLY OTHER PROJECT OF ITS MAGNITUDE, THE SLAVE NARRATIVES RECORDED DURING THE 257 00:35:31,929 --> 00:35:42,106 GREAT DEPRESSION. >> I GO, OH, MY GOD. THE STORIES OF THE FORMERLY ENSLAVED AND THE STORIES OF -- 258 00:35:42,173 --> 00:35:49,814 THE FORMERLY ENSLAVED ARE ALL TOGETHER. >> IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. >> IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 259 00:35:49,881 --> 00:35:57,989 YEP. IT DOESN'T GET BETTER THAN THAT. >> Reporter: JULIEANNA RICHARDSON IS NOT ONE TO REST ON 260 00:35:58,055 --> 00:36:06,230 HER LAURELS. WHEN SHE'S NOT CONDUCTING INTERVIEWS, SHE'S FUNDRAISING. >> EVERY INTERVIEW COSTS US 261 00:36:06,297 --> 00:36:12,670 $6,000 TO PROCESS. >> Reporter: WHEN SHE REALIZED THE ARCHIVE NEEDED MORE ATHLETES, SHE PERSUADED THE NFL 262 00:36:12,737 --> 00:36:18,743 TO DONATE HUNDREDS OF HOURS OF ITS OWN INTERVIEWS WITH BLACK PLAYERS. LAST YEAR, SHE LANDED HALL OF 263 00:36:18,809 --> 00:36:24,682 FAME WIDE RECEIVER JERRY RICE, WHO COULDN'T BELIEVE HE GOT THE CALL. >> BECAUSE IT'S ALMOST JUST LIKE 264 00:36:24,749 --> 00:36:31,522 GOING INTO THE PRO FOOTBALL HALL OF FAME. THIS IS BIG FOR ME. >> Reporter: RICE SHOWED US THE 265 00:36:31,589 --> 00:36:35,993 49ers MUSEUM IN THEIR HOME STADIUM. >> SO, WHAT'S WITH ALL THESE FOOTBALLS? 266 00:36:36,060 --> 00:36:41,666 >> WELL, THESE REPRESENT ALL MY TOUCHDOWNS. >> ALL OF THIS? >> YAERKS ALL OF THIS RIGHT 267 00:36:41,732 --> 00:36:46,070 HERE. >> Reporter: HE SCORED 208 TOUCHDOWNS OVER 20 SEASONS, STILL AN NFL RECORD. 268 00:36:46,137 --> 00:36:57,081 HE PLAYED IN FOUR SUPER BOWLS, WON THREE, AND SNAGGED A SUPER BOWL MVP. BUT RICE SAID, THE HISTORYMAKERS 269 00:36:57,148 --> 00:37:03,788 WANTED TO KNOW AS MUCH ABOUT HIS UPBRINGING IN RURAL MISSISSIPPI. >> DID YOU HAVE INDOOR PLUMBING? >> NO, WE DIDN'T. 270 00:37:03,854 --> 00:37:08,793 IT WAS OUTDOOR. >> HE TOLD US POVERTY FUELLED HIS DRIVE FOR SUCCESS. >> WE WERE VERY POOR. 271 00:37:08,859 --> 00:37:15,399 VERY POOR. MY FATHER WAS A BRICKLAYER, AND HE WOULD TAKE ME TO WORK WITH HIM DURING THE SUMMER. 272 00:37:15,466 --> 00:37:21,872 VERY DEMANDING WORK. I USED TO BE UP ON THE SCAFFOLD THAT WAS PROBABLY ABOUT 20 FEET IN THE AIR. 273 00:37:21,939 --> 00:37:27,845 AND MY BROTHERS DOWN BELOW, THEY WOULD TOSS THE BRICKS UP, AND I WOULD SNATCH THE BRICKS OUT OF THE AIR. 274 00:37:27,912 --> 00:37:36,020 AND I ALWAYS PRIDED MYSELF ON, YOU KNOW, BEING THAT REALLY STRONG LINK. >> WHAT'S IMPORTANT ABOUT YOUR 275 00:37:36,087 --> 00:37:42,226 STORY FOR ANYBODY WHO STARTS SEARCHING FOR YOU? >> WITH THE YOUNGER GENERATION, WHEN THEY SEE SOMEONE, YOU KNOW, 276 00:37:42,293 --> 00:37:51,736 WHO LOOKS LIKE THEM AND SAY, HEY, LOOK, THAT GUY, HE MADE IT, THAT MIGHT BE THAT LITTLE KICK, THAT LITTLE NUDGE, TO MAKE THEM 277 00:37:51,802 --> 00:37:57,675 WORK A LITTLE BIT HARDER. >> Reporter: JULIEANNA RICHARDSON BELIEVES STORIES OF STRUGGLE AND SUCCESS ARE 278 00:37:57,742 --> 00:38:06,517 POWERFUL MOTIVATORS FOR ALL RACES, ESPECIALLY YOUNG MINDS. SO, SHE'S CONVINCED MORE THAN 180 COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES TO 279 00:38:06,584 --> 00:38:15,226 SUBSCRIBE TO HISTORYMAKERS. AND SHE RECENTLY ROLLED OUT A NEW CURRICULUM FOR SCHOOLS? NEW YORK, ATLANTA, CHICAGO, AND 280 00:38:15,292 --> 00:38:21,532 CHARLOTTE. >> DID YOU KNOW IMMEDIATELY THAT YOU WANTED TO USE IT IN THE CLASSROOM? 281 00:38:21,599 --> 00:38:28,305 >> YES, I DID. >> LAST SPRING, WE VISITED TEACHER RACHEL DAVIS AND HER SOCIAL STUDIES CLASS AT O.W. 282 00:38:28,372 --> 00:38:33,844 HUTH MIDDLE SCHOOL NEAR CHICAGO. THE STUDENT BODY IS LARGELY AFRICAN AMERICAN, AND MANY HAVE LOST FAMILY MEMBERS IN THE 283 00:38:33,911 --> 00:38:41,185 PANDEMIC. >> SOMETIMES IN ONE HOUSEHOLD, IT WAS THREE OR FOUR, THE GRANDPARENT, AN AUNT, A COUSIN. 284 00:38:41,252 --> 00:38:52,363 AND THEN WE HAD STUDENTS WHO WERE STARTING TO HAVE A LOT OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION. >> Reporter: DAVIS SOUGHT A 285 00:38:52,430 --> 00:38:59,370 PERFECT SALVE FROM LOSS TO THRIVING. SHE HAD HER STUDENTS BROWSE THE ARCHIVES AND PICK THE 286 00:38:59,437 --> 00:39:08,079 HISTORYMAKERS WHO OVERCAME ADVERSITY. >> I CHOSE THE HONORABLE BLANCHE M. MANNING. 287 00:39:08,145 --> 00:39:16,387 SHE'S A JUDGE. >> SPORTS REPORTER. >> RODNEY ADKINS, PART OF THE IBM INDUSTRY. 288 00:39:16,454 --> 00:39:23,627 >> Reporter: THEY TOLD US THEY FOUND THE RECORD OF BLACK ACHIEVEMENT TO BE RICHER AND MORE DIVERSE THAN THEY HAD EVER 289 00:39:23,694 --> 00:39:34,238 IMAGINED OR BEEN TAUGHT. >> FROM MAYBE KINDERGARTEN TO SIXTH GRADE, WE HEARD THE SAME PEOPLE. 290 00:39:34,305 --> 00:39:39,110 MADAM T.J. WALKER. THE SAME PEOPLE. >> HAS IT CHANGED NOW THAT YOU'VE MET SOME PEOPLE WHO MAY 291 00:39:39,176 --> 00:39:45,816 NOT HAVE BEEN IN THE HISTORY BOOKS? >> IT'S A LOT EASIER TO SEE WHAT WE WENT THROUGH AND HOW WE 292 00:39:45,883 --> 00:39:52,189 PERSEVERED AND IT SHOWS HOW STRONG WE ARE REALLY. >> AND THINK ABOUT THIS. WHAT IF I HAD OUR ARCHIVES BACK 293 00:39:52,256 --> 00:39:55,860 WHEN I WAS NINE. >> WHEN YOU WERE THAT 9-YEAR-OLD GIRL. >> THINK ABOUT THAT. 294 00:39:55,926 --> 00:40:04,301 I MEAN, THERE WAS ACTUALLY BLACK HISTORY IN MY TOWN JUST YARDS FROM WHERE I WAS. THERE WAS A MAN NAMED 295 00:40:04,368 --> 00:40:12,343 SHACKLEFORD WHO SAT WITH HIS GUN POINT, DARING THE WHITE COMMUNITY TO TEAR DOWN HIS SCHOOL FOR BLACK KIDS. 296 00:40:12,409 --> 00:40:19,850 THE FIFTH PRESIDENT OF LIBERIA WAS BORN IN NEWARK, OHIO. >> IN YOUR HOMETOWN. >> MY HOMETOWN, IN 1815. 297 00:40:19,917 --> 00:40:26,624 I'M THINKING THERE'S NO BLACK HISTORY, BUT IT WAS ALL AROUND ME. AND THAT'S WHAT THE KIDS -- IT'S 298 00:40:26,690 --> 00:40:37,434 ALL AROUND THEM. BUT THEY DON'T KNOW IT. THEY DON'T TOUCH IT. SO, THEY CAN'T ASPIRE TO BE WHAT 299 00:40:37,501 --> 00:40:42,673 THEY DON'T REALLY SEE. >> NOW BECAUSE OF YOUR ARCHIVES, THEY CAN KNOW. >> THEY CAN. 300 00:40:42,740 --> 00:40:47,378 >> THAT'S GOT TO BE REWARDING. >> YES, IT IS. BUT OUR WORK IS NOT DONE. >> Reporter: JULIEANNA 301 00:40:47,444 --> 00:40:57,655 RICHARDSON IS NOW ON A MISSION TO COLLECT AND DIGITIZE THE PAPERS OF HISTORYMAKERS. THESE BELONG TO ENTERTAINER, AND 302 00:40:57,721 --> 00:41:05,863 SHE FOUND A WILLING PARTNER IN DARREN WALKER. >> THIS ORGANIZATION IS INDEED A NATIONAL TREASURE, AND YOU, 303 00:41:05,930 --> 00:41:16,340 JULIANNA, ARE A NATIONAL TREASURE. SO, I'M VERY, VERY HAPPY TO MAKE THIS PLEDGE OF $1 MILLION TO 304 00:41:16,407 --> 00:41:24,949 YOUR GREAT DEBT. >> I'VE WORKED 24/7 FOR 22 YEARS, AND I'M SURROUNDED BY THESE SUCH RICH STORIES. 305 00:41:25,015 --> 00:41:39,196 SO, I UNTIL I TAKE MY LAST BREATH, THEY WILL ALWAYS BE A PART OF ME. AND THE LITTLE GIRL, I MEAN, I'M 306 00:41:39,263 --> 00:41:50,608 NOW A VERY RICHLY ENDOWED PERSON THAT NO ONE CAN TELL ME THAT ME AND MY PEOPLE DON'T HAVE TREMENDOUS VALUE. 307 00:41:50,674 --> 00:41:56,046 NO ONE CAN TELL ME THAT EVER. 308 00:42:01,785 --> 00:42:10,494 >>> THE LAST MINUTE OF "60 MINUTES" IS SPONSORED BY UNITED HEALTH CARE. GET MEDICARE WITH MORE. 309 00:42:10,561 --> 00:42:20,771 >>> THE MAGNITUDE 7.8 EARTHQUAKE IN SOUTHWEST TURKEY AND NORTHERN SYRIA 13 DAYS AGO, IN A MATTER OF MOMENTS, ERASED MORE LIVES 310 00:42:20,838 --> 00:42:27,578 THAN SOME WARS OVER YEAR OF BATTLE. THERE WILL BE NO WAY TO TELL HOW MANY UNTIL RELIEF WORKERS FINISH 311 00:42:27,645 --> 00:42:33,651 RECOVERING THE REMAINS FROM THE RUBBLE. THAT MAY TAKE WEEKS OR MORE. BUT THE TOLL HAS ALREADY CLIMBED 312 00:42:33,717 --> 00:42:40,291 PAST 41,000. MORE THAN 5 MILLION PEOPLE MAY HAVE BEEN LEFT WITHOUT HOMES, ACCORDING TO THE U.N. 313 00:42:40,357 --> 00:42:48,065 STORIES AND PICTURE OF NEAR MIRACLE RESCUES HAVE BEEN HEARTENING, BUT THE PACE OF THE WORLD'S RESPONSE HAS BEEN 314 00:42:48,132 --> 00:42:53,671 ANYTHING BUT. HAMPERED BY REMOTENESS AND SERIOUS CIVIL WAR, HELP HAS BEEN SLOW TO ARRIVE.