1 00:00:10,243 --> 00:00:24,724 >> ON THIS EDITION OF "60 MINUTES TONIGHT" IS OUR DOGS. CANINE EVOLUTION. HOW WITH WOLVES AND MAN'S BEST 2 00:00:24,791 --> 00:00:34,901 FRIEND ALIKE? YOU'LL BE SURPRISED AT WHAT WE FOUND OUT. >> CAN I SEE YOUR FACE? 3 00:00:34,968 --> 00:00:41,374 >> AS WELL AS THE REMARKABLE WAYS DOGS ARE HELPING SIGNTISTS RESEARCH SOME OF THE DEADLIEST KINDS OF CANCER. 4 00:00:41,441 --> 00:00:50,250 IT'S SO AMAZING TO ME HOW SIMILAR HUMANS AND DOGS' IMMUNE RESPONSE IS. >> WE'RE VERY SIMILAR PERHAPS 5 00:00:50,316 --> 00:01:01,261 MORE SO THAN WE'D LIKE TO ADMIT. >>> IT'S HARD TO IMAGINE ANYTHING SURVIVING ON THIS EXPANSIVE BAD LANDS IN NORTHERN 6 00:01:01,327 --> 00:01:08,968 WYOMING. SAGE BRUSH BLANKETS THE HIGH DESERT ALL THE WAY TO THE ROCKY MOWN UNTAINS BUT IN THE EMPTY 7 00:01:09,035 --> 00:01:17,277 QUARTER OF THE STATE IS A THUNDERING HERD OF MUSTANGS, UNTOUCHED, WILD AND BREATHTAKINGLY BEAUTIFUL. 8 00:01:17,343 --> 00:01:30,490 WHAT IS HAPPENING TO THESE THOUSANDS OF WILD HORSES? THAT'S OUR >>> GOOD EVENING. 9 00:01:30,557 --> 00:01:38,932 I'M ANDERSON COOPER. WELCOME TO "60 MINUTES PRESENTS." TONIGHT THREE TALES OF OUR 10 00:01:38,998 --> 00:01:44,103 FOUR-LEGGED FRIENDS. WE'LL HEAR ABOUT HORSES BUT WE'LL BEGIN WITH DOGS. THERE IS A GOOD CHANCE OF THOSE 11 00:01:44,170 --> 00:01:51,311 YOU WATCHING HAVE A DOG NEARBY BUT WHAT DO YOU ACTUALLY KNOW WHERE DOGS COME FROM? YOU'RE PROBABLY AWARE THEY 12 00:01:51,377 --> 00:01:56,316 EVOLVED FROM WOLVES BUT HOW AND WHEN? IT TURNS OUT MUCH OF THAT IS A MYSTERY THERE ARE INTRIGUING 13 00:01:56,382 --> 00:02:02,322 CLUES HOWEVER THAT HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED IN THE DNA OF DOGS AND WOLVES, CLUES THAT MIGHT GIVE US A BETTER UNDERSTANDING 14 00:02:02,388 --> 00:02:08,428 OF HOW THEY AND WE EVOLVED. YOU HEARD OF SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST, BUT AS WE FIRST REPORTED IN NOVEMBER, A 15 00:02:08,495 --> 00:02:18,037 SCIENTIST AT DUKE UNIVERSITY SAYS THE TERM THAT MAY BEST DESCRIBE DOGS' REVOLUTIONARY SUCCESS IS SURVIVAL OF THE 16 00:02:18,104 --> 00:02:23,243 FRIENDLIEST. THERE'S NO DOUBT DOGS ARE AN EVOLUTIONARIRY TRIUMPH. THERE IS AN ESTIMATED BILLION OF 17 00:02:23,309 --> 00:02:29,816 THEM ON THE PLANET AND THEY'VE NOSED THEIR WAY INTO EVERY CORNER OF OUR LIVES, LIVING WITH US, WORKING WITH US. 18 00:02:29,883 --> 00:02:34,387 >> YES, GOOD BOY. >> AND LOVING US. WHAT IS IT YOU'RE TRYING TO UNDERSTAND ABOUT DOGS? 19 00:02:34,454 --> 00:02:42,595 >> I'M REALLY INTERESTED IN WHERE DOGS COME FROM, AND I THINK IT TEACHES US A LOT ABOUT WHERE HUMANS CAME FROM. 20 00:02:42,662 --> 00:02:56,009 >> BRIAN HAIR AN EVOLUTIONARY BUY BUY OL' BIOLOGIST AT DUKE UNIVERSITY. 21 00:02:56,075 --> 00:03:02,081 >> SURVIVAL OF THE FRIENDLIEST. >> WHAT ABOUT SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST? >> SO SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST IS 22 00:03:02,148 --> 00:03:12,225 A MISCONTRUL IN THE PUBLIC MIND LIKE THE IDEA THE BIGGEST, THE STRONL STRONGEST ARE ALWAYS THE WIN 23 00:03:12,292 --> 00:03:15,628 THAT ONES. NOT AT ALL. DOGS ARE EXHIBIT A OF THIS. >> HAIR SAYS IT MIGHT BE HARD TO 24 00:03:15,695 --> 00:03:26,205 IMAGINE BUT THAT SWEET DOG YOU LOVED STARTED OUT AS THIS. A WILD PREDATORY WOLF AND THEIR REVOLUTIONARY STORY BEGAN AT 25 00:03:26,272 --> 00:03:33,246 LEAST 20,000 YEARS AGO WHEN HUMANS WERE HUNTER GATHERERS. >> SO WHAT WE BELIEVE HAPPENED AND WE HAVE SCIENCE TO SHOW SOME 26 00:03:33,313 --> 00:03:44,324 OF THIS IS THAT WOLVES CHOSE US, A POPULATION OF WOLVES ACTUALLY BECAME ATTRACTED TO HUMANS AND THEY WERE AT AN DVANTAGE BECAUS 27 00:03:44,390 --> 00:03:51,130 THEY WERE EATING GARBAGE AND PEOPLE LEFT AROUND HOMES AND WOLVES GAVE UP ON HUNTING AND ATTRACTED AND FRIENDLIEST 28 00:03:51,197 --> 00:03:57,036 TOWARDS HUMANS. THEY WERE AT A HUGE ADVANTAGE. >> SOME WOLVES WERE ABLE TO FEED OFF SCRAPS, THEY WEREN'T 29 00:03:57,103 --> 00:04:04,944 AGGRESSIVE AND OVER TIME, THEY BECAME DOMESTIC. >> THAT'S EXACTLY RIGHT. >> TO BETTER UNDERSTAND HOW THE 30 00:04:05,011 --> 00:04:12,151 TWO SPECIES DIVERGED SO DRASTICALLY, BRIAN HARE CAME HERE TO THE WILDLIFE SCIENCE CENTER IN MINNESOTA. 31 00:04:12,218 --> 00:04:17,657 >> DO YOU WANT TO GUARD AND I'LL DRY? >> YEAH. >> IT'S RUN BY PEGGY CALLAHAN 32 00:04:17,724 --> 00:04:23,096 AND HER 23-YEAR-OLD DAUGHTER MEG BOTH SKILLED AT NAVIGATING A CAGE OF HUNGRY WOLVES. >> BACK UP. 33 00:04:23,162 --> 00:04:28,167 >> BACK UP. >> BACK UP. >> NOPE, NOPE, I KNOW YOU'RE HUNGRY. 34 00:04:28,234 --> 00:04:35,942 DON'T GET PISSED AT ME. >> YOU MIGHT WANT TO JUST HAND IT OVER. >> THERE ARE 110 GRAY WOLVES 35 00:04:36,009 --> 00:04:40,780 HERE. SOME RESCUED FROM THE WILD BUT MOST HAND RAISED BY PEGGY AND MEG. 36 00:04:40,847 --> 00:04:49,856 THEY'RE DIVIDED INTO PACTS SEPARATED BY CHAIN LINK FENCES. THIS PACT IS NAMED AFTER THE '80s HORROR MOVIE "CHILDREN OF 37 00:04:49,922 --> 00:04:56,162 THE CORN." SO I SAW THE MOVIE "CHILDREN OF THE CORN" WHICH IS TERRIFYING. WHICH IS THIS PACT CALLED 38 00:04:56,229 --> 00:05:02,935 "CHILDREN OF THE CORN"? >> FOR TERRIFYING REASONS. THEY ATTACKED AND KILLED THEIR FATHER AND TRIED TO KILL THEIR 39 00:05:03,002 --> 00:05:07,707 MASTER. >> THIS PACT? >> THIS PACT. >> EYE DID THEIR KILL THEIR 40 00:05:07,774 --> 00:05:09,375 FATHER? >> OPPORTUNITY. >> OPPORTUNITY? >> YEAH. 41 00:05:09,442 --> 00:05:15,281 >> WOW. >> YOU COME HERE TO SEE ME. >> PEGGY TOLD US THE ONLY REASON WE WERE ABLE TO SIT AMONG THE 42 00:05:15,348 --> 00:05:24,257 CHILDREN OF THE CORN BECAUSE THESE WOLVES VIEW HER AS THE DOMINANT MEMBER OF HER PACT. >> WHY IS IT IMPORTANT IN THEIR 43 00:05:24,323 --> 00:05:32,765 MIND YOU ARE CDOMINANT TO THEM. >> I KNOW THEY'RE CAPABLE OF KILLING ONE ANOTHER. THEIR JAW PRESSURE IS ENORMOUS. 44 00:05:32,832 --> 00:05:38,471 >> EVEN NOW WITH THE WOLVES COMING BEHIND YOU, YOU'RE AWARE THEY'RE BEHIND YOU. >> YES, YOU HAVE TO HAVE EYES IN 45 00:05:38,538 --> 00:05:43,009 THE BACK OF YOUR HEAD. >> THEY'RE ASSESSING WHO ARE WE? WHO IS DOMINANT? CAN I TAKE THIS PERSON? 46 00:05:43,076 --> 00:05:48,681 >> ABSOLUTELY. YEAH. WHAT I DON'T -- HI. I DON'T THINK THEY'RE PLANNING 47 00:05:48,748 --> 00:05:56,255 ANYTHING BUT I THINK SHOULD AN OPPORTUNITY AFFORD, THEY'RE INCREDIBLE OPPORTUNISTS. >> PEGGY WORKS HARD TO SECURE 48 00:05:56,322 --> 00:06:01,527 THE UPPER HAND. IF YOU HAVE ANY DOUBT ABOUT HER POSITION AS THE ALPHA DOG, JUST LISTEN. 49 00:06:01,594 --> 00:06:24,817 >> CAN YOU SHOW ME YOUR HAOWL? >> ABSOLUTELY. [HOWLING] >> GOOSE BUMPS EVERY TIME. 50 00:06:24,884 --> 00:06:31,023 [ LAUGHTER ] >> THAT WAS SO COOL. >> WHEN YOU LEARN TO HOWL, DID THAT HAPPEN? 51 00:06:31,090 --> 00:06:35,762 >> WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE HOWL? >> THEY USE IT TO MARK TERRITORY. 52 00:06:35,828 --> 00:06:43,669 THEY WILL ALSO HOWL AT INTRUDERS TO GET THEM TO LEAVE. >> BECOMING DOMINANT OVER A WOLF STARTS EARLY. 53 00:06:43,736 --> 00:06:49,542 IF A PUP NEEDS TO BE TAKEN AWAY FROM ITS MOTHER FOR HEALTH OR RESEARCH, MEG STEPS IN. >> TOLD YOU I'D BRING A WOLF F 54 00:06:49,609 --> 00:06:55,515 PUPPY TO VISIT. >> WHEN WE WERE THERE LAST YEAR SHE WAS TAKING 1 MONTH OLD FILO EVERYWHERE, EVEN THE MORNING 55 00:06:55,581 --> 00:07:04,190 COFFEE RUN. >> SOMETIMES IF HE GETS REALLY MOUTHING -- OUCH, LIKE THAT. GOOD BOY. 56 00:07:04,257 --> 00:07:10,263 SO IT'S JUST A LITTLE CORRECTION. I PINCH AND GROWL AND THE SECOND HE STOPS GROWLING, LIKE OH, I 57 00:07:10,329 --> 00:07:15,201 WHINE TO HIM AND RUB HIS BULLY AND STUFF. >> THAT'S WHAT HIS MOTHER WOULD DO? 58 00:07:15,268 --> 00:07:23,276 >> EXACTLY, YEAH. I'M SORRY. SOME WOLF LOOKED JUST LIKE YOU BACK TALKING ME, NOT YOU. 59 00:07:23,342 --> 00:07:29,382 >> DON'T BE FOOLED. DOMINANCE HAS ITS LIMITS. THIS IS MJ. >> THE DOMINANT FEMALE? 60 00:07:29,448 --> 00:07:33,920 >> YES. >> SHE WAS HAND RAISED AND LIKES A BELLY RUB, TOO, UNTIL SHE DOESN'T. 61 00:07:33,986 --> 00:07:41,060 >> SHE'S TOLERATING THIS WITH US -- OH, OH. NO, SHE'S NOT. OKAY. 62 00:07:41,127 --> 00:07:45,298 ENOUGH. OKAY. SHE JUST SAID STOP. >> I HEARD. 63 00:07:45,364 --> 00:07:55,708 TO SEE JUST HOW FAR DOGS HAVE EVOLVED BECAUSE OF DOMESTIC, DUKE UNIVERSITY BRIAN HARE SET UP A PUPPY KINDERGARTEN. 64 00:07:55,775 --> 00:08:07,053 >> OH MY GOODNESS. >> STUDENTS HELP RAISE LAB PUPPIES CRUISING THE QUAD, GOING TO BASKETBALL PRACTICE, EVEN THE 65 00:08:07,119 --> 00:08:13,025 TRACK TEAM'S PHOTO SHOOT. >> YEAH! [ CHEERS ] >> PART OF THE PROGRAM IS AIMED 66 00:08:13,092 --> 00:08:20,166 AT TRAINING SERVICE DOGS FOR THE ORGANIZATION CANINE COMPANIONS BUT THERE IS RESEARCH BEING DONE, TOO, TO COMPARE THE 67 00:08:20,233 --> 00:08:26,372 PUPPIES TO HAND RAISED WOLF PUPS, BRAIN HARE'S TEAM RUNS THEM THROUGH A SERIES OF BEHAVIORAL TESTS. 68 00:08:26,439 --> 00:08:33,312 >> LOOK, LOOK. OKAY. OKAY. >> YES, GOOD JOB. 69 00:08:33,379 --> 00:08:38,050 >> WATCH AGAIN. >> PUPPY LOOK. >> NOTICE HOW THIS PUPPY LOOKS BACK AND FORTH FROM THE 70 00:08:38,117 --> 00:08:46,025 RESEARCHER TO THE BOWL AND IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWS HER POINT. FILO THE WOLF PUPPY MIGHT LOOK LIKE A DOG BUT WATCH HIM TAKE 71 00:08:46,092 --> 00:09:03,776 THE SAME TEST. >> WHAT IS IT. >> YOU CAN SEE FILO DIDN'T FOLLOW THE POINT HERE. 72 00:09:03,843 --> 00:09:11,684 >> IT LOOKS LIKE DOG PUPPIES COME IN THE WORLD BETTER PREPARED TO UNDERSTAND US BECAUSE OF DOMESTIC AND 73 00:09:11,751 --> 00:09:17,023 INTERACTING WITH US. >> YOU'VE DONE TESTING WITH DOZENS OF WOLVES. OVERALL, WHAT HAVE YOU FOUND? 74 00:09:17,089 --> 00:09:24,597 >> YOU CAN SPEND 24 HOURS A DAY WITH SAY A WOLF PUPPY AND EVEN AFTER YOU'VE DONE THAT FOR SEVERAL MONTHS, THEY'R NOT 75 00:09:24,664 --> 00:09:29,769 ATTRACTED TO NEW PEOPLE, THEY DON'T WANT TO BE WITH PEOPLE. THEY WANT TO BE WITH WOLVES. THAT'S NOT WHAT HAPPENS IN THE 76 00:09:29,835 --> 00:09:40,212 CASE OF DOGS. AS A SPECIES, THEY'RE ACTUALLY WHAT IS KNOWN AS ZENIPHILIC. THEY'RE ATTRACTED TO PEOPLE. 77 00:09:40,279 --> 00:09:50,189 >> HOW MUCH OF THAT IS IN THEIR GENES. HARE'S COLLEAGUE, A GENETICS STARTED COMPARING DOGS TO 78 00:09:50,256 --> 00:09:54,493 WOLVES. YOU'VE LOCATED SOME SPECIFIC GENES THAT LED TO FRIENDLY BEHAVIOR. 79 00:09:54,560 --> 00:10:01,100 >> THAT'S RIGHT. WHEN WE SEQUENCED A BUNCH OF DOGS AND A BUNCH OF WOLVES, WE USED THAT TO THEN SEARCH FOR 80 00:10:01,167 --> 00:10:14,180 MUTATIONS IN THE DOG GENOME THAT ONLY DOGS HAD AND WE CAME OUT WITH A REALLY NICE HOT SPOT OF MUTATIONS ON CHROMOSOME NUMBER 81 00:10:14,246 --> 00:10:20,920 SIX IN THE DOGGIE GENOME AND TS HIGHLIGHTED HERE. >> YOU CAN PINPOINT GENES IN DOGS THAT MAKE THAT DOG FRIENDLY 82 00:10:20,987 --> 00:10:24,557 TO HUMANS IN A WAY THAT WOLVES ARE NOT? >> ABSOLUTELY. >> WOW. 83 00:10:24,623 --> 00:10:31,964 >> THIS WAS A MAJOR FINDING IN MY OPINION. >> THAT IS SOMETHING THAT WOULD HAVE EVOLVED OVER TIME. 84 00:10:32,031 --> 00:10:38,738 >> THAT'S RIGHT. SO WE CAN IMAGINE BACK IN THE PREDOG ERA WHERE THERE WERE WLVES RUNNING AROUND AND SOME 85 00:10:38,804 --> 00:10:47,313 OF THOSE WOLVES WERE MAYBE MAKING THEIR DENS CLOSER TO HUMAN SETTLEMENTS, I HYPOTHESIZED THAT IF I COULD GO 86 00:10:47,380 --> 00:10:55,021 AND SEQUENCE THOSE WOLVES, THEY WOULD CARRY MAYBE TWO OF THESE MUTATIONS AND THE REST OF THE WOLVES, MAYBE NONE. 87 00:10:55,087 --> 00:11:03,396 >> BRIDGET CALLS THESE FRIENDLINESS MUTATIONS. DOES MY DOG REALLY LOVE ME OR ACTING OUT ON IT'S GENETIC CODE? 88 00:11:03,462 --> 00:11:13,105 >> SHE ABSOLUTELY LOVES YOU. SHE HAS THE AGAIGENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO WHOLE HEARTEDLY LOVE YOU. 89 00:11:13,172 --> 00:11:20,012 >> WHAT CAME NEXT STUNNED HER AND US. SHE FOUND THE LOCATION OF THE FRIENDLINESS MUTATIONS IN DOGS 90 00:11:20,079 --> 00:11:27,787 CORRESPONDS TO THE SAME GENES THAT WHEN DELETED IN HUMANS CAUSED A RARE CONDITION CALLED WILLIAM SYNDROME. 91 00:11:27,853 --> 00:11:35,995 HER STUDY ESTABLISHED ONE OF THE FIRST AGGENETIC LINKS BETWEEN DS AND HUMANS. MEET BEN. 92 00:11:36,062 --> 00:11:42,601 >> HOW ARE YOU, SIR? >> WELL, HOW ARE YOU? >> WHAT A SURPRISE. >> BEN IS NO STRANGER TO "60 93 00:11:42,668 --> 00:11:48,474 MINUTE MINUTE" WHEN HE WAS 11 IN 1997 THERE WAS A STORY DONE ON THE SYNDROME. 94 00:11:48,541 --> 00:11:52,978 >> HOW ARE YOU? ♪ ♪ >> PEOPLE WITH WILLIAMS SYNDROME 95 00:11:53,045 --> 00:12:04,857 LIKE BEN ARE OFTEN UN USUALLY OT GOING AND FRIENDLY LEAVING SOME TO CALL IT COCKTAIL PARTY SYNDROME. 96 00:12:04,924 --> 00:12:21,173 HE JUMPED UP MID DINNER TO JOIN THE BAND. ♪ ♪ 97 00:12:21,240 --> 00:12:25,478 >> WHAT IS IT THAT MAKES YOU NOW NECK? >> MY WAY OF GIVING HAPPINESS TO PEOPLE. 98 00:12:25,544 --> 00:12:32,351 MY FRIENDLINESS, MY KINDNESS. >> I GOT TO SAY JUST MEETING YOU, YOU'VE MADE ME SMILE FROM THE MOMENT WE MET. 99 00:12:32,418 --> 00:12:37,790 >> WHEN PEOPLE ARE HAPPY, IT MAKES ME FEEL LIKE I'VE ACHIEVED SOMETHING. >> WILLIAM SYNDROME IS A 100 00:12:37,857 --> 00:12:48,067 LIFELONG CONDITION THAT OFTEN CAUSES SERIOUS MEDICAL PROBLEMS AND INTELLECTUAL L DISDISABILIT. BEN'S MOM SAYS BEN AND OTHERS 101 00:12:48,134 --> 00:12:56,909 LIKE HIM ARE SO TRUSTING AND FRIENDLY THEY CAN SOMETIMES BE TAKEN ADVANTAGE OF. CAN YOU EXPLAIN WHAT IS 102 00:12:56,976 --> 00:13:09,054 DIFFERENT ABOUT BEN GENETICALLY. >> BEN IS MISSING 25 GENES ON CHROME ZONE SEVEN. >> THAT DELEING IN BEN'S DNA 103 00:13:09,121 --> 00:13:14,660 INVOLVES THE SAME GENES THAT CAUSE THE FRIENDLY MUTATIONS DISCOVERED IN DOGS. BEN, WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT 104 00:13:14,727 --> 00:13:19,865 THAT? THERE MIGHT BE A LINK OF FRIENDLINESS IN DOGS, THERE MIGHT BE A LINK TO FRIENDLINESS 105 00:13:19,932 --> 00:13:28,374 IN HUMANS? >> IT JUST MAKES ME FEEL SO HAPPY AND PROUD THAT DOGS AND PEOPLE HAVE SIMILARITIES. 106 00:13:28,440 --> 00:13:34,513 >> WHEN THE DISCOVERY WAS ANNOUNCED IN 2017, TERRY WAS HEAD OF THE WILLIAM SYNDROME ASSOCIATION. 107 00:13:34,580 --> 00:13:41,253 SHE REACHED OUT TO SOME MEMBERS TO SEE HOW THEY FELT ABOUT IT. >> AND ONE OF THE PARENTS THAT I CALLED SAID ARE YOU KIDDING? 108 00:13:41,320 --> 00:13:51,597 YOU KNOW, I'M SURE THAT IF A TAIL WAS PUT ON MY SON, IT WOULD BE WAGGING ALL THE TIME. I THINK THAT REALLY PUT IT INTO 109 00:13:51,664 --> 00:13:58,137 PROSPECTIVE. >> UNDERSTANDING WHY DOGS ARE SO FRIENDLY BRIAN HARE TELLS US IS HELPING UNRAVEL THE MYSTERY OF 110 00:13:58,204 --> 00:14:03,676 HOW HOMO SAME YINS CAME TO BE THE MOST DOMINANT SPECIES ON EARTH. WHAT IS OUR UNDERSTANDING OF DOG 111 00:14:03,742 --> 00:14:09,081 EVOLUTION TELL US ABOUT HUMAN EVOLUTION? >> I THINK WHAT DOG EVOLUTION TEACHES US IS THAT ACTUALLY HOW 112 00:14:09,148 --> 00:14:16,322 YOU GET AHEAD IN THE GAME OF LIFE IS YOU EVOLVE A NEW WAY TO BE FRIENDLY THAT LEADS TO A NEW FORM OF COOPERATION. 113 00:14:16,388 --> 00:14:24,496 HUMANS, 100,000 YEARS AGO, OUR ENTER SEES WAS SPECIES WAS NOT ALONE. THERE WAS AT LEAST THREE 0 FOUR 114 00:14:24,563 --> 00:14:30,769 OTHER HUMAN SPECIES AND THE QUESTION IS WHY ARE WE THE ONLY ONE LEFT? WE THINK AND WHAT DOGS POINT TO 115 00:14:30,836 --> 00:14:39,445 IS THAT WE WERE THE FRIENDLIEST SPECIES THAT EVER EVOLVED AMONG HUMANS AND THAT WE SURVIVED BECAUSE WE ARE FRIENDLY. 116 00:14:39,511 --> 00:14:48,153 >> SURVIVAL OF THE FRIENDLIEST. A SUCCESSFUL EVOLUTIONARY STRATEGY MANY HUMANS TODAY WOULD BE WISE TO REMEMBER. 117 00:14:48,220 --> 00:14:54,627 >>> WHEN WE COME BACK, SEE HOW THE GENETIC TIES BETWEEN DOGS AND HUMANS MAY HELP US BOTH IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CANCER. 118 00:15:00,466 --> 00:15:19,318 >>> HOW FRIENDLY IS ANDERSON COOPER'S DOG LILY? >>> IF YOU'VE EVER LOST A DOG TO DISEASE, IT MAY WELL HAVE BEEN 119 00:15:19,385 --> 00:15:23,055 CANCER CANCER. SOME 4 MILLION DOGS ARE DIAGNOSED EVERY YEAR, OFTEN THE 120 00:15:23,122 --> 00:15:38,470 SAME KINDS HUMANS GET. WE SHARE MANY OF THE SAME GENES WITH OUR CANINE CAMPAOPACOMPANI. IT IS FUNDED BY THE WHITE HOUSE 121 00:15:38,537 --> 00:15:46,712 CANCER MOON SHOOT INITIATIVE DOCTORS AND SCIENTISTS STUDYING NATURALLY DEVELOPING CANCERS IN HUMANS AND DOGS AND USING IT TO 122 00:15:46,779 --> 00:15:53,018 SPEED POTENTIAL TREATMENTS TO THEM AND US. A DOG SHOW MIGHT SEEM LIKE ON ODD PLACE TO CONDUCT CANCER 123 00:15:53,085 --> 00:15:57,690 RESEARCH. >> CAN I SEE YOUR FACE? >> LAST SUMMER IN NORWALK, CONNECTICUT WE MET SCIENTISTS 124 00:15:57,756 --> 00:16:04,229 FROM THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SWABBING AND COLLECTING DNA SAMPLES FROM ALL SORTS OF BREEDS. 125 00:16:04,296 --> 00:16:12,504 >> AWESOME. >> THEY'VE BEEN DOING THIS FOR NEARLY 30 YEARS AND CLEOLLECTED 30,000 SAMPLES SO FAR, LEADING 126 00:16:12,571 --> 00:16:24,950 THE TEAM IS ELAINE A SENIOR GENETIC STUDYING AT NIH. >> WHY IS THERE SCIENTISTS AT NHI STUDYING DOGS? 127 00:16:25,017 --> 00:16:30,556 >> WE ARE STUDYING HUMAN DISEASE AND DOING IT THROUGH DOGS SO DOGS LIVE IN OUR WORLD. THEY GET ALL THE SAME DISEASES 128 00:16:30,622 --> 00:16:36,662 WE DO. THEY EAT OUR FOOD. THEY'RE EXPOSED TO THE SAME ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS AND 129 00:16:36,729 --> 00:16:48,140 HAVE THE SAME GENES WE DO AND HAVE MUTATIONS THAT MAKE US SUSCEPTIBLE TO DIABETES OR CANCER OR NEURO MUSCULAR 130 00:16:48,207 --> 00:16:54,513 DISEASES, EFRGVERYTHING HUMANS , DOGS GET. >> IT EASIER TO STUDY THE GENES IN DOGS THAN HUMANS BECAUSE FOR 131 00:16:54,580 --> 00:17:00,953 THE LAST 200 YEARS THEY'VE BEEN BRED TO EMPHASIZE SPECIFIC TRAITS, THAT'S WHY THEY HAVE THESE DISTINCT NOSES AND TAILS 132 00:17:01,019 --> 00:17:15,300 AND SIZES FROM GREAT DANES TO CHIHUAHUAS. VICTORIAN TIMES, TH DOGS WERE THE SAME. >> ALL THE MOST ALL THE 133 00:17:15,367 --> 00:17:23,642 VARIATION IN THE RINGS TODAY ALL HAPPENED IN THE LAST 200 YEARS. >> INCREDIBLE THAT MUCH VARIETY. >> SO IT'S PROBABLY GOING TO BE 134 00:17:23,709 --> 00:17:28,480 A SMALL NUMBER OF GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR MOST OF THE MAJOR DIFFERENCES. >> IT TURNS OUT ONE GENE 135 00:17:28,547 --> 00:17:36,288 DETERMINES IF A DOG HAS CREAM COLORED HAIR OR BLACK. OTHER GENES DETERMINE LONG HAIR OR SHORT AND HER TEAM AT THE NIH 136 00:17:36,355 --> 00:17:43,529 DISCOVERED SOME PHYSICAL TRAITS IN DOGS LIKE EAR POSITION HOLD SURPRISING CLUES ABOUT HUMAN HEALTH. 137 00:17:43,595 --> 00:17:52,037 >> THIS WAS A STUDY LOOKING AT PRICK EARS VERSUS FLOPPY EARS DUE TO A MUTATION IN ONE GENE CALLED MSRB 3. 138 00:17:52,104 --> 00:18:01,046 >> SO A MUTATION IN ONE GENE. >> ONE GENE, ISN'T THAT AMAZING? >> MAKES THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POINTING EARS AND FLOPPY EARS? 139 00:18:01,113 --> 00:18:08,020 >> ISN'T THAT AMAZING. WHEN THIS GENE IS MORE DRAMATICALLY MUTATED IN HUMANS, WE GET A FORM OF DEAFNESS. 140 00:18:08,086 --> 00:18:11,924 >> REALLY? >> YEAH. >> SHE TOLD US SOME OF THE MOST PROMISING GENETIC RESEARCH IN 141 00:18:11,990 --> 00:18:22,468 DOGS INVOLVES CANCER. SOME BREEDS GET CERTAIN TYPES OF CANCERS MORE OFTEN MAKING IT EASIER TO LOCATE SOME OF THE 142 00:18:22,534 --> 00:18:31,443 GENES RESPONSIBLE. SCOTTISH TERIERS ARE 20 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO GET GLABLADDER CANCER THAN THE AVERAGE DOG. 143 00:18:31,510 --> 00:18:37,316 >> IF I LOOKED AT HUMANS, THE STORY WOULD BE SO MUCH MORE COMPLEX. THERE WOULD BE DIFFERENT GENES 144 00:18:37,382 --> 00:18:41,520 IN DIFFERENT POPULATIONS AND DIFFERENT MUTATIONS AND DIFFERENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF ENVIRONMENT. 145 00:18:41,587 --> 00:18:51,263 WHEN I LOOK AT ONE BREED, I GET SIMPLE STORIES. >> DOGS ARE DIAGNOSE ND WITH WI MELANOMA, BRAIN AND BREAST 146 00:18:51,330 --> 00:19:07,513 CANCER AND THE DEADLY BONE OSTE >> MASON OVERSEES ONCOLOGY TRIALS FUNDED BY THE WHITE HOUSE'S CANCER MOON SHOT 147 00:19:07,579 --> 00:19:14,152 INITIATIVE. SHE SHOWED US JUST HOW SIMILAR OSTEOSARCOMIA LOOKS IN DOG AND PEOPLE. 148 00:19:14,219 --> 00:19:26,398 >> THERE IS A LOT OF PURPLE DOTS HERE. THESE ARE THE NUCLEUS OF THE CANCER CELLS THAT LOOK 149 00:19:26,465 --> 00:19:29,935 IDENTICAL. >> A MICROSCOPE COULDN'T TELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A DOG AND HUMAN? 150 00:19:30,002 --> 00:19:35,874 >> CORRECT. INCREDIBLY SIMILAR. >> IT'S AGGRESSIVE AND MALIGNANT MALIGNANT. 151 00:19:35,941 --> 00:19:43,248 NEARLY 10,000 DOGS IN THE UNITED STATES ARE ESTIMATED TO GET IT EACH YEAR BUT ONLY 1,000 PEOPLE ARE, MOSTLY CHILDREN AND YOUNG 152 00:19:43,315 --> 00:19:50,722 ADULTS. CHRISTIE WAS DIAGNOSED IN 2020 WHEN SHE WAS 11. >> WHICH LEG WAS HURTING? 153 00:19:50,789 --> 00:19:55,594 >> THE LEFT. >> IN YOUR THIGH? >> HERE. >> CHRISTIE WAS USED TO GETTING 154 00:19:55,661 --> 00:20:07,606 BRUISED ON THE SOCCER FIELD SO THEY CHALKED IT UP TO A RT SPOR INJURY BUT AFTER MONTHS OF PHYSICAL THERAPY, THEY 155 00:20:07,673 --> 00:20:18,216 DISCOVERED OSTEOSARCOMA. >> SHE CAME IN AND SAID CHRISTIE HAS A CANCEROUS TUMOR IN HER FEMUR. 156 00:20:18,283 --> 00:20:24,323 I WAS LIKE WHAT? >> I AM NOT A CRIER, I WAS PROCESSING IT AND SAW HER CRY AND I STARTED CRYING. 157 00:20:24,389 --> 00:20:30,495 >> SHE WAS LIKE WAIT? I HAVE CANCER? >> DOCTORS REMOVED THE REMAINING BONE AND REPLACED IT WITH THIS 158 00:20:30,562 --> 00:20:40,639 NINE-INCH METAL ROD. MONTHS OF GRUELING CHEMO WITHERED HER TO 72 POUNDS BUT HER PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGIST SAID 159 00:20:40,706 --> 00:20:51,750 THE CANCER CAME BACK THIS TIME IN KRCHRISTIE'S LUNG. >> ONCE THEIR CANCER COMES BACK A LOT OF TIME GET NEW TUMORS. 160 00:20:51,817 --> 00:21:00,892 >> ARE THERE NEW TREATMENTS FOR OSTEOSARCOMA? >> NO, WE'VE BEEN USING THE SAME TREATMENT FOR 60 YEARS OR SO? 161 00:21:00,959 --> 00:21:07,599 >> REALLY? BECAUSE IT'S A SMALLER CANCER. >> THERE ARE NOT MANY TO STUDY AND SINCE IT'S RARE, NOT A LOT 162 00:21:07,666 --> 00:21:15,474 OF FUNDING GOES TO A LOT OF TRIALS FOR IT. >> BUT THERE WERE TRIALS IN PET DOGS OF AN EXPEIMENTAL IMMUNE 163 00:21:15,540 --> 00:21:26,518 THERAPY FOR OSTEOSARCOMA IN 2012 LED BY MASON USED BY LISTERIA. >> THIS IS LISTERIA AND CAUSES FOOD POISONING. 164 00:21:26,585 --> 00:21:35,227 THIS PARTICULAR LISTERIA IS GENETICALLY MODIFIED SO IT IS FAR LESS POTENT. >> IT'S BEEN MODIFIED TO CONTAIN 165 00:21:35,293 --> 00:21:45,937 A SPECIFIC PROTEIN CALLED HER 2 FOUND ON THE CANCER CELLS. ONCE INJECTED INTO THE DOG'S BLOODSTREAM THE LISTERIA AWAKENS 166 00:21:46,004 --> 00:22:00,619 THE IMMUNE SYSTEM MAKING THEM FEEL SICK AND PA DTROL THE BODY. SANDY A 9-YEAR-OLD GOLDEN RETRIEVER JOINED A TRIAL AND HAD 167 00:22:00,686 --> 00:22:08,660 HER FRONT LEG AMPUTATED OF THE CANCER. DURING THE TRIAL DR. MASON TOLD US SANDY'S IMMUNE SYSTEM REACTED 168 00:22:08,727 --> 00:22:16,601 TO THE LISTERIA AS SHE HOPED. >> HER BODY TEMPERATURE STARTED TO INCREASE, PEAKED AROUND ABOUT FOUR HOURS AND STARTED TO DROP 169 00:22:16,668 --> 00:22:23,041 DOWN AGAIN. WE SORT OF WANT TO SEE THAT BECAUSE IT TELLS US THAT THE IMMUNE THERAPY IS IN FACT 170 00:22:23,108 --> 00:22:28,947 STIMULATING HER IMMUNE RESPONSE, WICH IS WHAT WE WANT TO HAPPEN. >> WHEN SANDY WAS FIRST DIAGNOSED, HER LIFE EXPECTANCY 171 00:22:29,014 --> 00:22:37,255 WITH THE STANDARD CARE OF AMPUTATION AND CHEMO THOUTHERAP AROUND A YEAR BUT THAT WAS FOUR YEARS AGO. 172 00:22:37,322 --> 00:22:40,592 THERE IS NO SIGN OF CANCER? >> NO. >> AND YOU'VE HAD FOUR GREAT YEARS WITH HER? 173 00:22:40,659 --> 00:22:45,964 >> YEAH. >> DID SHE GET EXTRA TREATS WHEN SHE GOT THROUGH IT ALL? >> SHE GOT EVERYTHING. 174 00:22:46,031 --> 00:22:50,836 [ LAUGHTER ] >> SHE STILL DOES. >> I BET SHE DOES. >> DR. MASON BELIEVES STUDYING 175 00:22:50,902 --> 00:23:03,415 AND TREATS NATURALLY 0 COCCURRI CANCER IN PET DOGS ARE MORE BENEFICIAL THAN LAB MICE THAT HAVE TO BE ARTIFICIALLY GIVEN 176 00:23:03,482 --> 00:23:09,488 CANCER. >> WE HAVE TO FIND A BETTER WAY TO DETERMINE WHICH ARE THE BEST TREATMENTS TO TAKE FORWARD INTO 177 00:23:09,554 --> 00:23:16,561 THE HUMAN. >> THIS IS NOT GIVING DOGS RARE FORMS OF CANCER AND THEN STUDYING THEM AND TESTING THEM 178 00:23:16,628 --> 00:23:20,665 IN A LAB? >> EXACTLY. THESE ARE NATURALLY OCCURRING CANCERS. 179 00:23:20,732 --> 00:23:29,274 THESE ARE CLINICAL TRIALS JUST AS YOU OR I WOULD GO ON INTO A CLINICAL TRIAL IF WE HAD A CANCER AND WE DO EXACTLY THE 180 00:23:29,341 --> 00:23:37,349 SAME IN THE VETERINARY FIELD. >> RESULTS FROM THE FIRST LISTERIA TRAIL IN PET DOGS WERE ENCOURAGING SHOWING THE DOGS 181 00:23:37,415 --> 00:23:43,021 TOLERATED THE IMMUNE THERAPY AND IT SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED DURATION OF SURVIVAL TIME. THOSE RESULTS WERE SUBMITTED TO 182 00:23:43,088 --> 00:23:46,858 THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION. >> LET'S JUST CONFIRM YOUR BIRTHDAY. 183 00:23:46,925 --> 00:23:54,633 >> IN 2021 THE FDA APPROVED A PHASE TWO CLINICAL TRIAL USING MODIFIED LISTERIA TO TREAT YOUNG ADULTS AND CHILDREN LIKE 184 00:23:54,699 --> 00:24:11,483 CHRISTIE GOMES WHO REOCCURRING OSTEOSARCOMA THAT SPREAD TO HER LUNGS. >> DO YOU WANT CARTOONS ON THE 185 00:24:11,550 --> 00:24:15,153 TV? >> YEAH, PLEASE. >> WE WERE WITH HER WITH THE THIRD LISTERIA CHANCE FUSION. 186 00:24:15,220 --> 00:24:18,557 >> THAT DARK ONE IS GOING INTO YOUR VAIN. FIRST SHE WAS GIVEN MEDICATION TO MAKE HER SLEEPILY. 187 00:24:18,623 --> 00:24:23,261 >> WHEN THE UNFUSION HAPPENS DO YOU REMEMBER AFTERWARD OR SLEEP THROUGH IT. >> JUST SLEEP. 188 00:24:23,328 --> 00:24:26,565 WHEN I WAKE UP, IT HITS LIKE A TRUCK. >> IS THAT RIGHT? >> YEAH. 189 00:24:26,631 --> 00:24:34,239 >> YOU GET A HEADACHE? >> UH-HUH. BAD HEADACHE. AND NAUSEOUS AND I HATE NAUSEOUS 190 00:24:34,306 --> 00:24:42,848 AND HEADACHE, TWO THINGS I DON'T LIKE IS TWO THINGS GUARANTEED. >> WHEN SHE WAS DOSING, THE LIST TIR YA 191 00:24:42,914 --> 00:24:45,817 -- LISTERIA STARTED DRIPPING INTO THE I.V. IT'S STARTED NOW? >> IT HAS. 192 00:24:45,884 --> 00:24:52,390 >> IT'S AMAZING TO THINK THAT YOU'RE BOTH ON THE CUTTING EDGE OF MEDICINE. >> I KNOW. 193 00:24:52,457 --> 00:25:01,833 AND I DON'T THINK SHE -- I DON'T THINK SHE REALIZES HOW IMPORTANT THIS IS. [CRYING] 194 00:25:01,900 --> 00:25:06,872 >> MOMMY. [CRYING] >> IT HURTS. >> AN HOUR LATER, THAT TRUCK 195 00:25:06,938 --> 00:25:13,311 CHRISTIE TOLD US ABOUT, IT HIT HER HARD. [CRYING] >> BUT SIMILAR TO WHAT 196 00:25:13,378 --> 00:25:21,286 HAPPENEDED TO SANDY THE GOLDEN RETRIEVER, THE LISTERIA APPEARED APPEAREDED TO HAVE AWAKEN CHRISTIE'S IMMUNE SYSTEM AND 197 00:25:21,353 --> 00:25:25,323 AFTER TEN MINUTES HER HEADACHE GOT BETTER AND A FEW HOURS LATER, SHE WAS ABLE TO LEAVE THE HOSPITAL. 198 00:25:25,390 --> 00:25:30,528 IT'S SO AMAZING TO ME HOW SIMILAR AND DOGS' IMMUNE RESPONSE IS. >> WE'RE VERY SIMILAR. 199 00:25:30,595 --> 00:25:38,003 YOU KNOW, I THINK PERHAPS MORE SO THAN WE MIGHT LIKE TO ADMIT. >> WERE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE IS SPENDING MORE THAN 200 00:25:38,069 --> 00:25:45,377 $20 MILLION TO ANALYZE CANCER SAMPLES FROM PET DOGS ALL THE OVER THE COUNTRY AND OVER SEA COMPARATIVE ONCOLOGY TRIALS TO 201 00:25:45,443 --> 00:25:50,682 IMPROVE TREATMENTS IN HUMANS AND DOGS. ONE OF THEIR TARGETS IS BRAIN CANCER. 202 00:25:50,749 --> 00:26:00,325 THIS IS OTTO, A 7-YEAR-OLD BOX THERE BELONGS TO DAN. HE WAS DIAGNOSED WITH A DEADLY BRAIN TUMOR IN 2021. 203 00:26:00,392 --> 00:26:04,629 >> TAKE THE POINTER FINGER ON YOUR LEFT HAND AND TAKE YOUR NOSE. >> THIS IS JULIE WHO IS 59. 204 00:26:04,696 --> 00:26:13,538 SHE WAS DIAGNOSED IN 2020 WITH A SIMILAR NEARLY INCURABLE BRAIN CANCER. SHE'S HAD SURGERY, RADIATION AND 205 00:26:13,605 --> 00:26:22,948 CHEMOTHERAPY BUT THE CANCER CAME BACK. JULIE AND OTTO INEVENROLLED IN CLINICAL TRIALS THAT USE 206 00:26:23,014 --> 00:26:31,990 VIRTUALLY THE SAME EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENT. A NEUROSURGEON AND VENNTERINARY SURGEON TEAMED UP TO TREAT OTTO 207 00:26:32,057 --> 00:26:45,203 AND DOGS WITH BRAIN CANCER AND SHARED DATA WITH SAFETY AND DOSING WITH A NEURO ON CCOLOGIS JULIE AND OTHERS. 208 00:26:45,270 --> 00:26:52,711 THEY MET OUT TO FOR THE FIRST TIME LAST YEAR. TWO PATIENTS, SIMILAR CANCERS, DIFFERENT SPEAR SEE 209 00:26:52,777 --> 00:26:58,583 SPECIES. WHAT'S IT LIKE TO MEET OTTO? >> I'M CRYING. >> INFLAMMATION IN JULIE'S BRAIN 210 00:26:58,650 --> 00:27:05,757 MAKES IT DIFFICULT FOR HER TO SPEAK. I NEVER THOUGHT I'D BE HAVING CONVERSATION WITH A PERSON AND A 211 00:27:05,824 --> 00:27:15,567 DOG WHO HAVE THE SAME TREATMENT. >> WHO HAVE THE SAME TREATMENT. >> I DIDN'T REALIZE UNTIL NOW. >> YEAH, I DIDN'T UNTIL AFTER 212 00:27:15,633 --> 00:27:21,539 HIS FIRST SURGERY. >> YEAH. >> WHAT SORT OF AN IMPACT THAT HE WAS GOING TO HAVE. 213 00:27:21,606 --> 00:27:29,514 NOT ONLY FOR HIM BUT OTHER DOGS AND HUMANS. >> BUT TWO MONTHS AFTER THAT MEETING, OTTO'S SYMPTOMS 214 00:27:29,581 --> 00:27:36,354 WORSENED. IT APPEARED HIS CANCER RETURNED. DAN TOOK HIM FOR A FINAL SWIM IN HIS FAVORITE RIVER AND THEN SAID 215 00:27:36,421 --> 00:27:42,761 GOOD-BYE TO THE DOG HE CALLED HIS BEST FRIEND AND A MEDICAL PIONEER. >> GOOD OTTO. 216 00:27:42,827 --> 00:27:49,501 >> JULIE'S SYMPTOMS HAVE WORSENED, AS WELL. SHE STOPPED TAKING PART IN THE TRIAL AND HAS ENTERED HOSPICE 217 00:27:49,567 --> 00:27:58,910 CARE. SHE TOLD US SHE'S GRATEFUL TO HAVE BEEN PART OF AN INNOVATIVE INTERSPECIES BATTLE. 218 00:27:58,977 --> 00:28:03,415 >> I HELPED FIGHT CANCER. >> IT GIVES YOU SATISFACTION TO KNOW YOU HELPED FIGHT CANCER? >> YEAH. 219 00:28:03,481 --> 00:28:11,456 >> I'VE HAD TWO DOGS WHO HAVE HAD CANCER AND THE IDEA THAT THAT CANCER CAN BE STUDIED AND TREATED AND IT CAN HAVE AN 220 00:28:11,523 --> 00:28:18,630 IMPACT ON HUMANS IS INCREDIBLE. >> YEAH. MAY BE THE KEY, RIGHT? >> YEAH, DOGS MAY HOLD THE KEY. 221 00:28:18,696 --> 00:28:27,038 >> CHRISTIE GOMES WHO IS NOW WELL INTO HER FRESHMAN YEAR IN HIGH SCHOOL SAYS SHE AGREES. >> WE HAVE TO HAVE MORE COME MOP 222 00:28:27,105 --> 00:28:33,111 THING -- COMMON THINGS THAN WE THINK. >> NOT THAT THEY JUST NEED US FOR FOOD. 223 00:28:33,178 --> 00:28:37,849 >> WE NEED MORE CONNECTION THAN THAT. >> CHRISTIE'S LAST SCAN SHOWED NO SIGNS OF CANCER. 224 00:28:37,916 --> 00:28:48,927 SHE CONTINUES TO GET IMMUNE THERAPY EVERY THREE WEEKS. BETWEEN TREATMENTS AND HOMEWORK, YOU'LL FIND HER WITH HER 225 00:28:48,993 --> 00:29:03,942 YORKIE BENNIE A GIFT FROM HER MOM. ONE MORE >>> THERE ARE MORE THAN 75,000 226 00:29:04,008 --> 00:29:14,152 WILD HORSES ROAMING PUBLIC LAND IN THE WEST, WILD HORSES ARE THE DESEN DEBTS OF DOMESTIC KATED EXPLORERS. 227 00:29:14,219 --> 00:29:21,326 BY 1971 THEIR NUMBERS WERE DWINDLING IN CONGRESS STEPPED IN PASSING A LAW TO PROTECT THIS ROMANTIC FRAGMENT OF OUR 228 00:29:21,392 --> 00:29:27,098 HISTORY. IT WORKED ALMOST TOO WELL. TODAY, FEDERAL LAND MANAGERS SAY THE NUMBER OF WILD HORSES IS 229 00:29:27,165 --> 00:29:34,906 NEARLY THREE TIMES WHAT IT SHOULD BE AND LEFT UNCHECKED, THEIR POPULATION CAN DOUBLE EVERY FIVE YEARS. 230 00:29:34,973 --> 00:29:40,945 AS SHARON FIRST REPORTED IN NOVEMBER, THERE IS A PROGRAM IN WYOMING DESIGNED TO REIGN IN THE WILD HORSES AND AN UNLIKELY 231 00:29:41,012 --> 00:29:52,290 GROUP OF MEN. >> IT HARD TO IMAGINE ANYTHING SURVIVING ON THIS STRETCH OF BADLANDS IN NORTHERN WYOMING. 232 00:29:52,357 --> 00:29:59,998 SAGE BRUSH BLANKETS THE HIGH DESERT ALL THE WAY TO THE ROCKY MOWN TAUNTAINS BUT THIS EMPTY QR OF THE COWBOY STATE IS A 233 00:30:00,064 --> 00:30:10,975 THUNDERING HERD OF MUSTANGS. UNTOUCHED, WILD AND BREATHTAKINGLY BEAUTIFUL. BUT WILD HORSES CAN ALSO RECK 234 00:30:11,042 --> 00:30:18,116 THE RANGELANDS THEY HOME. GOVERNMENT LAND MANAGERS SAY IN THE WEST, WILD HORSES ARE COMPETING WITH CATTLE AND 235 00:30:18,183 --> 00:30:28,193 WILDLIFE FOR INCREASINGLY SCARCE WATER AND FOOD AND THEIR OVER POPULATION OFTEN FURTHER STRAINS THE ENVIRONMENT. 236 00:30:28,259 --> 00:30:35,366 SO THE FEDERAL BURRO OF LAND MANAGEMENT REGULARLY ROUNDS UP WILD HORSES, MAINLY BY USING SMALL HELICOPTERS TO LOCATE, 237 00:30:35,433 --> 00:30:43,508 CAPTURE AND TRUCK THEM OFF TO CORRALS OR ENCLOSED PAST TOURS LIKE THIS ONE. A HORSE CAN LIVE FOR ABOUT 20 238 00:30:43,575 --> 00:30:52,317 YEARS AND MOST OF THESE HORSES WILL REMAIN HERE UNTIL THEY DIE. THE WIND RIVER WILD HORSE SANCTUARY OUTSIDE WYOMING IS RUN 239 00:30:52,383 --> 00:30:56,854 BY JESS AND HIS FAMILY. TALK ABOUT THE HORSES HERE. FOR MOST OF THEM, THIS IS IT, RIGHT? 240 00:30:56,921 --> 00:31:01,125 >> YES, MA'AM. WE HAVE THE 225 LONG-TERM RESIDENTS -- >> LONG-TERM RESIDENTS. 241 00:31:01,192 --> 00:31:05,964 >> LONG-TERM RESIDENTS. >> SOUNDS LIKE A NURSING HOME. >> THAT'S WHAT I CALL THEM. THEY'RE PART OF OUR FAMILY AND 242 00:31:06,030 --> 00:31:11,302 THEY WILL BE HERE LONG TERM. >> AND THERE THEY GO. >> YES, MA'AM. >> THE 1400 ACRE FACILITY IS ON 243 00:31:11,369 --> 00:31:18,743 AN INDIANA RESERVATION. THE FAMILY IS ONE OF DOZENS OF CONTRACTORS PAID BY THE GOVERNMENT TO FEED AND CARE FOR 244 00:31:18,810 --> 00:31:24,148 MUSTANGS AFTER THEY'VE BEEN REMOVED FROM THE WILD. ACTIVISTS WANT THE HORSES TO REMAIN FREE. 245 00:31:24,215 --> 00:31:32,857 WHY NOT JUST LET THE WILD HORSES BE WILD AND RUN? >> THE HARSH REALITY IS ECOSYSTEMS ARE DELICATE BALANCE 246 00:31:32,924 --> 00:31:41,466 OF EACH SPECIES CO-EXISTING TOGETHER IN THE ENVIRONMENT. THERE IS A LIMITED RESOURCE IN GRASS AND WATER AND WILD HORSES 247 00:31:41,532 --> 00:31:45,570 ARE DOMINANT. THEY'RE SMART, THEY'RE FAST, THEY EAT A LOT OF FOOD AND NEED TO BE PROPERLY MANAGED. 248 00:31:45,637 --> 00:31:52,377 >> KEEPING COUNT OF ALL THOSE HORSES IS HOLLY, THE DIVISION CHIEF OF THE PROGRAM THAT OVERSEES WILD HORSES FOR THE 249 00:31:52,443 --> 00:32:00,785 BURRO OF LAND MANAGEMENT. HOW MANY WILD HORSES IS THE GOVERNMENT NOW CARING FOR? >> SO WE ARE CURRENTLY CARING 250 00:32:00,852 --> 00:32:09,093 FOR OVER 57,000 WILD HORSES. >> AND CARING FOR THEM IS NOT INEXPENSIVE? >> NO, THE COST TO CARE FOR WILD 251 00:32:09,160 --> 00:32:15,667 HORSES IN OUR OFF RANCH CORRAL AND PASTORS WAS TWO OF THIRDS OF OUR BUDGET LAST YEAR, A LITTLE OVER $70 MILLION. 252 00:32:15,733 --> 00:32:21,272 >> $70 MILLION TO CARE FOR THE WILD HORSES? >> TAXPAYER DOLLARS. >> TO RELIEF SOME OF THE BURDEN 253 00:32:21,339 --> 00:32:33,384 ON TAXPAYERS IN 2021, THE BURRO SAYS 3,742 MUSTANGS CAME OFF THE GOVERNMENT ROLL THROUGH AN INCENTIVE PROGRAM THAT PAYS 254 00:32:33,451 --> 00:32:44,962 INDIVIDUALS $1,000 TO ADOPT ONE. WILD HORSES ATTRACT RELATIVELY FEW TAKERS BUT THESE HORSES DID. PICKED FOR THEIR YOUTH, BALANCE 255 00:32:45,029 --> 00:32:54,238 AND STEMPERAMENT SAID TO BE TRAINED OF ALL PLACES PRISONS LIKE THE WYOMING ONE. IT'S A 640-ACRE COMPOUND OF 256 00:32:54,305 --> 00:33:00,645 TIGHTY BUILDINGS, MANICURED LAL UP LAWNS, CATTLE AND ENOUGH HAY TO FEED THEM. 257 00:33:00,712 --> 00:33:09,020 IT MAY LOOK LIKE A DUDE RANCH BUT THIS IS A STATE RUN MINIMUM SECURITY PRISON WITH FELONS WORKING THE LAND AND HORSES. 258 00:33:09,087 --> 00:33:15,693 THERE ARE NO TOWERS AND ARMED GUARDS. A SIMPLE 4-FOOT CATTLE FENCE MARKS THE PERIMETER BETWEEN THE 259 00:33:15,760 --> 00:33:20,732 PRISON AND THE TOWN OF RIVER TON, WYOMING. >> WYOMING HAS A TENDENCY TO DO THINGS DIFFERENTLY. 260 00:33:20,798 --> 00:33:28,106 WE'RE A SMALLER STATE. AND I THINK IT'S ONE OF THOSE THINGS UNTIL YOU SEE IT, YOU CAN'T ACTUALLY BELIEVE IT 261 00:33:28,172 --> 00:33:39,117 YOURSELF. >> CURTIS MOFFITT SPENT HIS ENTIRE CAREER IN CORRECTIONS. HE'S THE ONLY ONE THAT DOESN'T 262 00:33:39,183 --> 00:33:46,157 WARE COWBOY BOOTS TO WORK. WHAT STRUCK ME IS THE 4-FOOT HIGH CATTLE FENCE. WHAT STOPS AN INMATE FROM 263 00:33:46,224 --> 00:33:51,496 RUNNING OR MAKING A RIDE INTO THE SUNSET? >> REALISTICALLY HIMSELF. MOST OF THE GUYS ARE AT THE END 264 00:33:51,562 --> 00:33:56,968 OF THE SENTENCE. THEY DON'T WANT TO DESTROY THAT OR CATCH ANOTHER NUMBER, DO ANOTHER FIVE YEARS OR SO. 265 00:33:57,034 --> 00:34:02,740 IT'S ON THEM TO MAKE SURE THAT THEY'RE GOING TO DO THINGS THE RIGHT WAY. >> MOST INMATES HAVE EARNED THE 266 00:34:02,807 --> 00:34:07,912 RIGHT TO BE HERE. TRANSFERRED FOR GOOD BEHAVIOR FROM MORE RESTRICTIVE STATE PRISONS. 267 00:34:07,979 --> 00:34:19,357 AND EACH DAY ABOUT 30 INMATES REPORT TO WORK IN A MAZE OF CHUT CHUTES AND PINS WITH WILD HORSES WEIGHING UP TO 1,000 POUNDS. 268 00:34:19,424 --> 00:34:28,366 THEIR JOB IS TO TRANSFER THESE WILD MUSTANGS FROM WILD BURDENS OF THE STATE TO SHOW HORSES THAT COULD CATCH THOUSANDS OUT 269 00:34:28,433 --> 00:34:32,103 AUCTION. >> THESE GUYS ARE HERE TO DO THEIR TIME BUT REALLY ABOUT CHANGING THEIR LIFE, PUT A 270 00:34:32,170 --> 00:34:36,741 CHANGE IN THEM IN A POSITIVE DIRECTION. >> TRAVIS IS THE COWBOY IN CHARGE. 271 00:34:36,808 --> 00:34:43,781 HE'S THE MANAGER OF THE FARM. >> COME ON, BEAUTY QUEENS. >> HE SPENT HIS LIFE TEACHING THE ART OF TRAINING HORSES. 272 00:34:43,848 --> 00:34:55,026 IT SHOWS IN A STRIDE KINGED BY OLD FRANK TOURS IN A VOICE FIRM AND CALM AS MUCH FOR THE INMATES AS HORSES. 273 00:34:55,092 --> 00:35:00,231 >> DO THE ROPE A DOPE AND THROW THE ROPE INTO YOUR HAND. DO NOT GET KICKED. >> IT TAKES TIME TO TRAIN A WILD 274 00:35:00,298 --> 00:35:05,436 HORSE BUT HE SAYS THERE'S NOTHING SPECIAL ABOUT HOW IT STARTS. >> YOU WALK THEM IN THERE LIKE 275 00:35:05,503 --> 00:35:10,441 YOU JUST KIND OF RIP OFF THE BAND-AID AND HUMAN GOES IN THERE. DON'T CHASE HIM. 276 00:35:10,508 --> 00:35:13,678 WHOA. >> WHAT'S THE NEXT STEP? >> YOU TEACH THEM TO YIELD TO PRESSURE. 277 00:35:13,744 --> 00:35:19,517 YOU STOP THE FORWARD MOVEMENT. TEACH THEM THAT IF THEY MOVE FORWARD TOWARDS YOU, THE PRESSURE GOES AWAY. 278 00:35:19,584 --> 00:35:26,457 AND THEN FROM THERE YOU GET TO WHERE YOU CAN TOUCH THEM AND GET TO WHERE YOU CAN PET THEM, INTRODUCE A HALTER, GET THEM 279 00:35:26,524 --> 00:35:34,031 HALTER BROKE AND HAVE THAT TRUST LIKE THEY UNDERSTAND IF THEY GIVE UP THEIR RIGHT OF FLIGHT TO STAY WITH YOU. 280 00:35:34,098 --> 00:35:41,939 THERE IS SOME TRUST THERE. >> ARE YOU TALKING ABOUT THE HORSES ORR INMATES. >> THE HORSES. 281 00:35:42,006 --> 00:35:49,280 WE ARE IN THE PEOPLE BUSINESS AND HELPING HORSES IS EXTRA BUT THE GUYS REALLY LEARN A LOT OF LIFE LESSONS FROM THE HORSES. 282 00:35:49,347 --> 00:35:53,651 THEY LEARN TO TRY. THEY LEARN TO NOT LIE TO THEMSELF ABOUT THEIR FEELINGS. THEY LEARN TO CONTROL WHETHER 283 00:35:53,718 --> 00:35:59,090 IT'S THE HIGHEST OF HIGH EMOTIONS OR THE LOWEST OF LOW EMOTIONS EMOTIONS. 284 00:35:59,156 --> 00:36:08,165 >> NO ONE HERE BREAKS A HORSE. THE METHOD USED AT THE FARM IS CALLED ED GENTLING. FORCE IS REPLACED BY PATIENCE, 285 00:36:08,232 --> 00:36:16,641 PERSISTENCE AND AN EVEN KEEL. IN ANY PIN ON ANY DAY, YOU CAN SEE IT PLAY OUT. A BALLET IN DUSTY BOOTS. 286 00:36:16,707 --> 00:36:25,249 A DELICATE DANCE OF INCHES REPEATED 100 TIMES OVER DAYS IN THE MAKING FOR THIS. THE FIRST HUMAN TOUCH. 287 00:36:25,316 --> 00:36:35,459 NEXT DOOR A MUSTANG IN FULL GALLOP A RUN AWAY TRAIN YIELDS AND STOPS ON COMMAND. >> THERE YOU GO. 288 00:36:35,526 --> 00:36:41,732 >> WE'RE WATCHING ALL THESE THINGS STEP BY STEP BY STEP BUT THIS DOESN'T HAPPEN OVERNIGHT. >> NO, SOMETIMES IT WILL TAKE 289 00:36:41,799 --> 00:36:47,204 FOUR WEEKS. SOMETIMES IT WILL TAKE FOUR MONTHS TO DO THESE STEPS AND A WILD HORSE TAKES A LITTLE BIT 290 00:36:47,271 --> 00:36:54,845 LONGER SOMETIMES. >> MICHAEL DAVIS HAS BEEN RIDING HORSES HIS WHOLE LIFE. HE'S SERVING 15 TO 20 YEARS FOR 291 00:36:54,912 --> 00:37:01,519 VOLUNTARILY MANSLAUGHTER. HE'S ELIGIBLE FOR PAROLE IN A LITTLE OVER THREE YEARS. >> IF YOU'RE MAD, IF YOU'RE 292 00:37:01,586 --> 00:37:07,358 SCARED, A HORSE KNOWS BEFORE YOU EVER EVEN TOUCH HIM. HOW THEY KNOW, I DON'T. YOU HAVE TO CONTROL YOUR 293 00:37:07,425 --> 00:37:13,831 FEELINGS CONSIDERABLY WITH THE HORSE BECAUSE IT IS SO EASY FOR THEM TO PICK UP ON YOUR MOVES. >> SO YOU'RE GOOD AT CONTROLLING 294 00:37:13,898 --> 00:37:20,004 YOUR FEELINGS WITH THE HORSE BUT WITH PEOPLE HOW ARE YOU DOING? >> NOT REAL GREAT. >> STILL HAVE YOUR MOMENTS? 295 00:37:20,071 --> 00:37:27,011 >> STILL WORKING ON IT. WE'RE GETTING BETTER. >> DAVIS IS AN OLD COWBOY, ONE OF A FEW INMATES HERE WHO CAN 296 00:37:27,078 --> 00:37:35,252 HANDLE THIS. THIS HORSE HAS NEVER HAD A MAN ON ITS BACK UNTIL NOW. HEY! 297 00:37:35,319 --> 00:37:42,326 WHOA! A REMARKABLE SKILL THAT CAN'T BE ACQUIRED WITHOUT A FEW SCARS. >> I GOT A BROKEN ANKLE, A 298 00:37:42,393 --> 00:37:48,599 SEPARATED SHOULDER, A BROKEN COLLARBONE, STITCHES IN MY HEAD, BROKEN HAND, FINGERS, LOTS OF FINGERS. 299 00:37:48,666 --> 00:37:52,770 >> WHAT'S THE PROGRAM TAUGHT YOU? WHAT'S IT MEANT TO YOU? >> A LITTLE PIECE OF FREEDOM. 300 00:37:52,837 --> 00:37:59,543 I MEAN, I'M WEARING BOOTS AND JEANS INSTEAD OF HOSPITAL SCRUBS. AND I MEAN, IT'S HOT OUT HERE 301 00:37:59,610 --> 00:38:06,350 BUT IT'S AS CLOSE TO BEING OUTSIDE AS I CAN GET UNTIL I GET OUTSIDE. >> OUT HERE IT'S EASY TO FORGET 302 00:38:06,417 --> 00:38:14,825 THIS IS A PRISON WITH 300 INMATES UNDER THE WATCHFUL EYE OF WARDEN MOFFETT. PEOPLE AT HOME WILL SAY THESE 303 00:38:14,892 --> 00:38:21,999 GUYS ARE FELONS AND DID TERRIBLE THINGS AND COMMITTED AWFUL CRIMES AND RUINED FAMILIES. WHY SHOULD THEY BE ALLOWED TO BE 304 00:38:22,066 --> 00:38:27,438 OUT HERE TO BE TRUSTED TO WORK WITH HORSES? >> WE DON'T PROVIDE THE ACCEPT SENTENCE. 305 00:38:27,505 --> 00:38:33,411 WE DON'T PROVIDE THE PUNISHMENT. THE JUDGE DECIDES THAT. OUR JOB IS TO SUPERVISE THEM WHILE HERE AND RETURN THEM TO 306 00:38:33,477 --> 00:38:39,283 SOCIETY WHERE THEY'RE RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUALS AND CAN BE LAW-ABIDING CITIZENS. I THINK THIS PROGRAM GOES A LONG 307 00:38:39,350 --> 00:38:45,156 WAY TO DO THAT AND I WANT TO MAKE SURE THEY GET OUT AND WE CAN BELIEVE THAT THEY'RE GOING TO BE SUCCESSFUL AND THEY'RE NOT 308 00:38:45,222 --> 00:38:50,928 GOING TO REOFFEND. >> YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE, RIGHT, THAT THE HORSES AREN'T RETURNED AND THE INMATES DON'T RETURN. 309 00:38:50,995 --> 00:39:01,839 >> RIGHT. >> IS THAT FAIR TO SAY? >> RIGHT. >> IN WYOMING, THE RETURN ROATE 310 00:39:01,906 --> 00:39:08,579 IS BELOW 30% AND FEWER THAN TEN INMATES HAVE MADE A RUN FOR IT. >> COME BACK DOWN TO A WALK. >> STAYING ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF 311 00:39:08,646 --> 00:39:20,958 THE FENCE IS NOT LOST ON PATON AN INMATE SERVING SEVEN TO TEN YEARS FOR AGGRAVATED ASSAULT. HE TRANSFERRED FROM A MAXIMUM 312 00:39:21,025 --> 00:39:24,595 MAXIMUM-SECURITY PRISON A YEAR AGO AND CAME HERE WITH NO EXPERIENCE WORKING WITH HORSES. WHAT'S IT LIKE TO STEP INTO A 313 00:39:24,662 --> 00:39:32,937 PIN THE FIRST TIME WITH A WILD 800-POUND HORSE? >> ADRENALINE HEART POUNDING EXCITEMENT BUT I WAS EXCITED TO 314 00:39:33,003 --> 00:39:39,977 DO IT BECAUSE ONCE YOU GET A HORSE TO GO THE DIRECTION YOU WANT AND COME AND JOIN UP TO YOU AND TURN AROUND AND HE'S RIGHT 315 00:39:40,044 --> 00:39:48,152 THERE AND IT'S LIKE WOW, THIS ANIMAL, THIS CONNECTION, THIS FEELING I CAN'T EXPLAIN IT. >> WHAT HAS THIS TAUGHT YOU 316 00:39:48,219 --> 00:39:54,759 ABOUT YOURSELF? >> IT'S TAUGHT ME RESPONSIBILITY. IT'S TAUGHT ME WHAT I WANT TO DO 317 00:39:54,825 --> 00:40:02,666 FOR A CAREER WHEN I GET OUT OF HERE. THIS MAKES YOU LOOK AT LIFE A WHOLE DIFFERENT WAY. 318 00:40:02,733 --> 00:40:07,338 WHOA. >> AND HIS PATIENCE AND FEEL ARE PAYING OFF. AT AUCTION A HORSE LIKE THIS 319 00:40:07,404 --> 00:40:12,510 COULD SELL FOR THOUSANDS BUT IT'S NOT WITHOUT A LITTLE HEARTACHE. IS IT HARD TO SEE THEM GO? 320 00:40:12,576 --> 00:40:19,683 >> IT IS. BUT AT THE SAME TIME, WE'RE NOT DOING THIS JUST FOR US. WE'RE DOING IT FOR THEM, TOO. 321 00:40:19,750 --> 00:40:24,021 IT'S A SECOND CHANCE FOR THEM, AS WELL. HAVE YOU RIDDEN HIM WITHOUT A TIE DOWN? 322 00:40:24,088 --> 00:40:30,861 >> YES, MA'AM. >> THIS SEPTEMBER THE OWNER HELD THE SECOND AUCTION OF THE YEAR. HOPES 323 00:40:30,928 --> 00:40:38,969 HUNDREDS OF BUYERS CAME TO THE PRISON FROM ALL OVER THE COUNTRY TO INSPECT THE HORSES AND KWIRRY THE TRIPPERS LIKE KICKING TIRES 324 00:40:39,036 --> 00:40:46,610 IN A CAR LOT. THEN EACH MUSTANG TAKES THE MAP STAGE TROTTING AND LOPING, SOLD TO THE HIGHEST BIDDER. 325 00:40:46,677 --> 00:40:54,785 >> SOLD OUT 2500. HERE WE GO. >> IN ALL 34 HORSES FETCHED $65,000 FOR THE BURRO OF LAND 326 00:40:54,852 --> 00:41:01,759 MANAGEMENT. AN ACHIEVEMENT ALMOST AS GOOD AS THE LOOK ON THE INMATES' FACES. REMEMBER MICHAEL DAVIS? 327 00:41:01,826 --> 00:41:08,065 THE OLD COWBOY WHO COULDN'T BE BUCKED? WE NOTICED HE WASN'T AT THE AUCTION. 328 00:41:08,132 --> 00:41:14,905 THE WARDEN TOLD US HE WAS SUSTAINED SPEND SUSPENDED FOR NOT GETTING ALONG WTH OTHERS. 329 00:41:14,972 --> 00:41:22,780 GENERALLY A HORSE AND REHA REHABILITAING A MAN DOESN'T HAPPEN ON THE SAME CLOCK. BY HIGH NOON EVERY MUSTANG HAD A 330 00:41:22,847 --> 00:41:30,154 NEW HOME AND FOR THIS WILD BUNCH, GENTLING HAD THE VIR FEWS. I THINK I KNOW THE ANSWER IF 331 00:41:30,221 --> 00:41:38,395 YOU'RE A BETTING MAN IS A PSYCHOLOGIST ASK CHANGE A MAN, A DOCTOR OR A HORSE? >> A HORSE. 332 00:41:38,462 --> 00:41:44,568 100%. THAT'S PURELY TRAVIS TALKING BUT THE HORSES ARE A MAJOR ROLE IN WHAT BETTERS THOSE MEN. 333 00:41:44,635 --> 00:41:50,975 THEY CAN TEACH YOU LIFE LESSONS EVERY STEP EVERY WAY. TEACH YOU THAT YOU GOT SOMETHING IN YA YOU DIDN'T THINK YOU HAD. 334 00:41:51,041 --> 00:42:08,492 THEY CAN TEACH YOU IT OKAY TO BE AFRAID BUT CAN STILL BE DONE. NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE. THERE IS SO MANY LIFE 335 00:42:08,559 --> 00:42:16,634 >>> THE LAST MINUTE OF " 00 IN MINUTES" IS SPONSORED BY UNITED HEALTH CARE. GET HEALTHCARE WITH MORE. 336 00:42:16,700 --> 00:42:25,376 >>> THIS EVENING'S STORIES HAVE BARELY SCRATCHED THE SURFACE OF THE MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL RELATION RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PEOPLE AND 337 00:42:25,442 --> 00:42:30,648 PETS. PET DOGS HELP REDUCE STRESS AND BLOOD PRESSURE, DOG OWNERS ARE GENERALRY HEALTHIER AND LIVE 338 00:42:30,714 --> 00:42:38,222 LONGER AND A FRIENDLY TAIL WAGGER FIGHTS DEPRESSION AND ISOLATION, EVEN THE OFTEN ELUDED HOUSE CAT CAN HELP KIDS WITH 339 00:42:38,289 --> 00:42:46,230 ASTHMA AND ALLERGIES A. FOUR-LEGGED FRIEND HELPS EASE ACHES AND PAINS AND HELPS US LEAD BETTER LIVES. 340 00:42:46,297 --> 00:43:04,181 I'M