>>> WHAT DOES THE ORIGIN OF EVERYTHING LOOK LIKE? THAT'S WHAT NASA'S JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE IS TRYING TO
DISCOVER. >> WE CALL IT SPACE BECAUSE WE THOUGHT THERE WAS NOTHING OUT THERE.
>> THERE IS NO EMPTY SKY WITH JAMES WEBB. >> THE TELESCOPE IS SENSITIVE TO THE FAINT LIGHT THAT REACHES US
FROM THE DAWN OF TIME. THEN THIS TEAM TURNS DATA INTO IMAGES THAT LOOK LIKE THIS AND THIS AND THIS.
>>> THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA HAS IGNITED A REVOLUTION IN GLOBAL SPORTS, AND IT'S NOT EASY TO APPLY A PRICE TAG.
SOCCER STAR CRISTIANO RONALDO HAS JUST SIGNED A $200 MILLION CONTRACT FOR ONE YEAR. GOLFERS WHO LEFT THE PGA MAKE
MORE THAN $100 MILLION TO PLAY IN A NEW SAUDI-BACKED CIRCUIT. IS THE KINGDOM SIMPLY RESETTING THE MARKET IN SPORTS OR USING
SPORTS TO LAUNDER ITS IMAGE? >>> ALMOST EXACTLY FOUR YEARS AGO THE CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DAME IN PARIS CAUGHT FIRE, AND THE
WORLD WATCHED IN HORROR. ON THIS EASTER SUNDAY "60 MINUTES" GETS RARE ACCESS TO THE PAINSTAKING RESTORATION OF NOTRE
DAME AS WORKERS AND ARTISANS REVIVE EVERY PART OF THIS MEDIEVAL MASTERPIECE. >>> I'M LESLEY STAHL.
>> I'M BILL WHITAKER. >> I'M ANDERSON COOPER. >> I'M SHARYN ALFONSI. >> I'M JON WERTHEIM.
>> I'M NORAH O'DONNELL. >> I'M SCOTT PELLEY. THOSE STORIES AND MORE, TONIGHT ON "60 MINUTES."
>>> NASA'S JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE HAS HARDLY OPENED ITS EYES, AND THE UNIVERSE IS NEW. MORE MYSTERIOUS, MORE BEAUTIFUL
THAN HUMANITY'S DREAMS. THE LARGEST TELESCOPE EVER FLOWN, LAUNCHED INTO DEEP SPACE ON CHRISTMAS DAY 2021.
ITS PRIMARY MISSION IS TO REVEAL THE "LET THERE BE LIGHT" MOMENT WHEN THE STARS AND GALAXIES FIRST IGNITED AFTER THE BIG
BANG. RECENTLY, WE GOT A LOOK AT SOME CAPTIVATING IMAGES AS WEBB PEERS BACK TOWARD THE ORIGIN OF
EVERYTHING. THIS IS ONE OF WEBB'S EARLY DEEP DIVES INTO THE COSMOS. 250 HOURS OF EXPOSURES THAT
EXPAND THE IMAGINATION. >> AND ALL THESE LITTLE DOTS ARE STARS? >> ALL THESE LITTLE DOTS ARE
GALAXIES, SOME OF WHICH ARE BIGGER THAN OUR OWN. >> ASTROPHYSICIST BRAND ROBERTSON FLEW US THROUGH
130,000 GALAXIES, HALF NEVER SEEN BEFORE. ENORMOUS SWIRLS OF BILLIONS OF STARS EACH.
SOME LIKE OUR OWN MILKY WAY AND OTHERS, WELL, OUT OF THIS WORLD. >> WE CALL THIS GALAXY AT THE CENTER OF THE SCREEN THE COSMIC
ROSE. JUST BY CHANCE IT LOOKS LIKE A ROSE DOES. YOU CAN SEE THAT DUSTY RED
IRREGULAR GALAXY. YOU KNOW, SPACE IS MORE CROWDED THAN YOU MIGHT THINK, AND ACTUALLY GALAXIES WIND UP
INTERACTING WITH EACH OTHER. THEY ACTUALLY WILL MERGE TOGETHER. SO I'M ZOOMING IN NOW ON A PAIR
OF GALAXIES THAT ARE MERGING TOGETHER, INTERACTING. YOU CAN SEE THAT THEY'RE DISTURBED BECAUSE THE GRAVITY OF
ONE GALAXY YANKS THE STARS OUT OF THE OTHER GALAXY. >> THEY'RE RUNNING INTO EACH OTHER.
>> Reporter: ROBERTSON, OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA
CRUZ, HELPS LEAD WEBB'S MOST AMBITIOUS WHICH IS, THE ADVANCED DEEP EXTRAGALACTIC SURVEY. >> WELL, WE'VE DISCOVERED THE
MOST DISTANT GALAXY IN THE UNIVERSE, THE ONE THAT IS THE FURTHEST AWAY FROM US THAT WE CURRENTLY KNOW ABOUT.
I' LIKE TO SHARE THAT WITH YOU. CAN I SHOW YOU SOME PICTURES? >> PLEASE. I'D LOVE TO SEE IT.
>> SO AS WE ZOOM IN, WE KEEP GOING, WE KEEP GOING, AND NOW THIS RED SPLOTCH THAT YOU SEE THERE.
THAT GALAXY, THAT'S A GALAXY. THAT GALAXY IS MORE THAN 33 BILLION LIGHT YEARS AWAY. >> HOW LONG AFTER THE BIG BANG,
THE BEGINNING OF THE UNIVERSE, DID THIS GALAXY FORM? >> IT'S AMAZING. IT'S ONLY 320 MILLION YEARS
AFTER THE BIG BANG. >> Reporter: THE MOST DISTANT GALAXY SO FAR, THERE ON THE RIGHT, DOESN'T LOOK LIKE MUCH,
BUT ASTRONOMERS CAN FILL TEXTBOOKS BY ANALYZING THE SPECTRUM OF ITS LIGHT. >> SO WE CAN ACTUALLY MEASURE
THINGS LIKE HOW FAST IT'S FORMING STARS. WE CAN MEASURE THE AMOUNT OF STARS IN THE GALAXY.
WE KNOW THE SIZE BECAUSE WE KNOW HOW FAR AWAY IT IS. AND WE KNOW THE TYPICAL AGE OF THE STARS IN THE GALAXY.
SO WE KNOW A LOT. >> Reporter: THE EARLIEST GALAXY SO FAR FORMED WHEN THE UNIVERSE WAS 2% OF ITS CURRENT AGE, AND
THE BABY GALAXY IGNITED STARS AT A FURIOUS PACE. >> IT'S LIKE A HUMMINGBIRD. YOU KNOW, THE HEARTBEAT OF THIS
GALAXY IS SO RAPID -- >> WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THAT? >> WELL, THIS GALAXY IS FORMING STARS AT ABOUT THE RATE OF THE
MILKY WAY, EVEN THOUGH IT'S 100 TIMES LESS MASSIVE. SO IT REALLY IS LIKE A HUMMINGBIRD.
THE HEARTBEAT OF THIS GALAXY IS RACING. >> T MINUS 30 SECONDS AND COUNTING.
>> Reporter: MORE THAN A FEW HUMAN HEARTS WERE RACING IN 2021 AS THE $10 BILLION OBSERVATORY READIED FOR LAUNCH.
>> WOW. >> Reporter: EARLIER THAT YEAR WE WERE AMONG THE LAST TO SEE WEBB IN CALIFORNIA BEFORE IT WAS
FOLDED INTO A 15-FOOT-WIDE NOSECONE. >> WELL, SOMEHOW THAT'S A LOT BIGGER THAN I IMAGINED.
>> Reporter: 25 YEARS IN THE MAKING, WEBB IS NAMED FOR AN EARLY NASA ADMINISTRATOR. NORTHROP GRUMMAN ENGINEER AMY LO
SHOWED US DOWN BELOW, THE SILVER-COLORED SUN SHIELD, BIG AS A TENNIS COURT, AND 21 FEET OF GOLD-PLATED MIRRORS FOR
GATHERING LIGHT. >> THERE ARE 18 OF THESE HEXAGONAL MIRRORS. BUT WHEN YOU FOLD THEM OUT, THEY
ALL WORK IN CONCERT AS ONE MIRROR? >> THAT'S RIGHT. ALL 18 IMAGES WILL FORM ONE VERY
NICE SOLID IMAGE. >> AND LIFT-OFF. DECOLAGE, LIFT-OFF FROM A TROPICAL RAINFEST TO THE EDGE OF
TIME ITSELF. JAMES WEBB BEGINS A VOYAGE BACK TO THE BIRTH OF THE UNIVERSE. >> Reporter: WEBB LOFTED ON A
EUROPEAN ROCKET INTO AN ORBIT AROUND THE SUN A MILLION MILES AWAY, TO SET UP FOR OBSERVATIONS ENGINEERS USED A STAR TO ALIGN
THOSE MIRRORS. BUT THE IMAGE WAS SPECKLED WITH WHAT LOOKED LIKE ARTIFACTS OF DIGITAL NOISE, WHICH FORCED A
CLOSER LOOK. >> THESE WERE NOT ARTIFACTS FROM THE DETECTOR. THESE WERE NOT STRANGE STARS.
THE WHOLE OF THE SKY WAS FILLED WITH GALAXIES. THERE WAS NO EMPTY SKY. AND THAT'S WHEN I WENT, THIS
TELESCOPE'S GOING TO BE PHENOMENAL. >> Reporter: MATT MOUNTAIN LEADS WEBB'S OPERATIONS AS PRESIDENT
OF THE ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITIES FOR RESEARCH IN ASTRONOMY. >> NO EMPTY SKY?
WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THAT? >> ON ALMOST EVERY IMAGE WE'RE TAKING NOW WE SEE GALAXIES EVERYWHERE.
I MEAN, WE TOOK A SIMPLE PICTURE OF A PLANET IN OUR OWN SYSTEM, NEPTUNE. YOU KNOW, IT WAS THIS BEAUTIFUL
ORB JUST SITTING THERE. AND WE SAW SOME RINGS. IN THE BACKGROUND ARE ARE GALAXIES AGAIN.
IT TELLS US THAT OUR UNIVERSE IS FILLED WITH GALAXIES. WE KNEW THIS THEORETICALLY. BUT WHEN YOU GO OUT TO THE NIGHT
SKY WE'RE USED TO SAYING, WELL, LOOK UP AT THE NIGHT SKY, WE SEE THOSE STARS. WE CAN NO LONGER SAY THAT.
WE NOW HAVE TO SAY, LOOK UP AT THE NIGHT SKY AND THERE ARE GALAXIES EVERYWHERE. >> WE CALL IT SPACE BECAUSE WE
THOUGHT THERE WAS NOTHING OUT THERE. >> THERE IS NO EMPTY SKY WITH JAMES WEBB.
THAT IS WHAT WE HAVE DISCOVERED. >> Reporter: MATT MOUNTAIN SAYS THAT WEBB IS A REMINDER OF HOW MUCH WE DO NOT KNOW.
FOR EXAMPLE, GALAXIES ARE RUSHING AWAY FROM EACH OTHER AT GREATER AND GREATER SPEED, DEFYING GRAVITY.
IT MAKES NO SENSE. SO SCIENTISTS INFER THAT THERE MUST BE UNSEEN ELEMENTS AT WORK. THEY CALL THEM DARK ENERGY AND
DARK MATTER. >> AND WHENEVER YOU HEAR THE TERM "DARK ENERGY" OR "DARK MATTER," THIS MEANS WE DON'T
KNOW WHAT IT IS. WE'RE NOT THAT IMAGINATIVE. BUT IT IS A FORCE. IT IS 95% OF OUR UNIVERSE.
AND WE HAVE NO IDEA WHAT IT IS. >> WAIT A MINUTE. 95% OF OUR UNIVERSE IS MADE UP OF DARK ENERGY AND DARK MATTER
AND WE DON'T KNOW WHAT IT IS? >> CORRECT. WE'RE LUCKY IF WE UNDERSTAND EVEN 4% OF OUR UNIVERSE TODAY.
ASTRONOMY IS A VERY HUMBLING DISCIPLINE. >> Reporter: HUMBLING, BUT WITH WEBB --
>> LOOK AT THIS. >> Reporter: ALSO THRILLING. >> LOOK AT THIS! RIGHT?
>> Reporter: THIS IS PURDUE UNIVERSITY ASTRONOMER DAN MILISAVLJEVIC MILISAVLJEVIC, STARSTRUCK AND
CHATTING WITH A COLLEAGUE. >> YES! YES! LOOK AT THE -- LOOK AT THE
DETAIL! >> Reporter: EVEN WILBUR, WHO'S NOT AN ASTRONOMER, STRAINED TO SEE WHAT THE EXCITEMENT WAS
ABOUT. MILISAVLJEVIC STUDIES EXPLODED STARS, WHICH WERE THE FURNACES THAT FORGED THE FIRST HEAVY
ELEMENTS FROM A COSMOS OF SIMPLE HELIUM AND HYDROGEN. >> EVERY TIME THERE'S A SUPERNOVA EXPLOSION IT'S
PRODUCING THE RAW MATERIALS FOR LIFE. THE IRON IN OUR BLOOD, THE CALCIUM IN OUR BONES, THE OXYGEN
THAT WE BREATHE. LOVE THAT OXYGEN. ALL THAT IS BEING MANUFACTURED IN SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS.
>> THE LATE ASTRONOMER CARL SAGAN USED TO SAY "WE'RE ALL MADE OF STAR STUFF." >> THAT'S EXACTLY RIGHT.
>> Reporter: WEBB REVEALS UNPRECEDENTED DETAIL AT THE CENTER OF THESE EXPLOSIONS. >> AND THAT'S WHAT WEBB IS MOST
SENSITIVE TO FOR OUR PURPOSES. UNDERSTANDING WHAT'S HAPPENING INSIDE THE EXPLOSION THAT WE COULDN'T SEE BEFORE BECAUSE IT
ONLY COMES OUT IN INFRARED LIGHT. >> Reporter: INFRARED LIGHT IS WHAT WEBB IS DESIGNED TO SEE.
LIKE A NIGHTVISION CAMERA, THE TELESCOPE IS SENSITIVE TO HEAT RADIATION, WHICH IS ALL THAT REMAINS OF THE LIGHT REACHING US
FROM THE DAWN OF TIME. TROUBLE IS, INFRARED IS INVISIBLE TO THE HUMAN EYE. >> WHEN YOU FIRST PULL UP THE
WEBB DATA, WHAT DOES THAT LOOK LIKE? >> ESSENTIALLY, IT LOOKS LIKE A BLANK SCREEN.
>> Reporter: ALYSSA PAGAN AND JOE DePASQUALE ARE ASTRONOMERS AND SCIENCE IMAGEERS FOR THE SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE
INSTITUTE. THIS IS WHAT A WEBB INFRARED PICTURE LOOKS LIKE UNTIL THEY MATCH THE DATA-FILLED DARKNESS
TO COLORS OF WONDER. >> SO WE TAKE THOSE LONGEST WAVELENGTHS OF INFRARED LIGHT AND GIVE THOSE THE RED COLORS.
THE NEXT SHORTEST WAVELENGTHS WOULD BE GREEN. AND THEN THE SHORTEST WAVELENGTHS WE GET FROM WEBB
WOULD BE COLORED BLUE. AND SO JUST LIKE OUR EYES WORK WE TAKE THOSE THREE COLOR CHANNELS, COMBINE THEM TOGETHER
TO CREATE THE FULL COLOR IMAGES THAT WE SEE FROM WEBB. >> Reporter: AMONG THEIR FAVORITE IMAGES IS THIS CLUSTER
OF STARS WITH THE NOT SO WONDROUS NAME NGC 346. COSMIC DUST SCULPTED INTO RIPPLES BY INTERACTIONS BETWEEN
STARS. AND THE TARANTULA NEBULA, A STAR-BIRTHING NURSERY ON A BACKDROP OF GALAXIES.
>> IT OCCURS TO ME YOU'RE THE FIRST TWO PEOPLE TO SEE THESE IMAGES IN HUMAN HISTORY. >> YEAH.
>> IT'S QUITE AN HONOR. >> IT IS A GREAT HONOR. IT DOES BLOW YOUR MIND EVERY TIME.
>> Reporter: THERE WILL BE MANY MIND-BLOWING REVELATIONS. WEBB IS ALREADY THE FIRST TO FIND CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE SKY
OF A PLANET 700 LIGHT YEARS AWAY. IT WILL CONTINUE TO LOOK FOR PLANETS WITH ATMOSPHERES THAT
MIGHT SUPPORT LIFE. ON THE OTHER END OF THE TIME SCALE ASTROPHYSICIST ERICA NELSON OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
COLORADO BOULDER THINKS HER TEAM MAY HAVE MADE A DISCOVERY THAT SHE SAYS WOULD BREAK THE THEORY OF HOW THE EARLY UNIVERSE
FORMED. >> EITHER THIS IS WRONG OR THIS IS A HUGE DISCOVERY, AND WE THINK THAT IT'S A HUGE
DISCOVERY. >> Reporter: MORE OBSERVATIONS ARE NEEDED, BUT NELSON IS INVESTIGATING WHAT MAY BE FIVE
GIANT GALAXIES THAT APPEAR TO HAVE FORMED MUCH TOO QUICKLY AFTER THE BIG BANG. IF THEY'RE CONFIRMED, ASTRONOMY
MAY HAVE TO REVISE THE TIMELINE OF GALAXY FORMATION. >> AND THAT'S THE MOST EXCITING PIECE OF THIS, OF THIS
TELESCOPE, OF THIS REMARKABLE INSTRUMENT WE'VE PUT IN SPACE, IS FINDING THINGS THAT WE DIDN'T EXPECT, THAT WE CAN'T EXPLAIN.
BECAUSE THAT MEANS THAT WE HAVE TO REVISE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE. >> Reporter: BRANT ROBERTSON,
WHO SHOWED US THE EARLIEST GALAXY FOUND SO FAR BY THE JAMES WEBB TELESCOPE, TOLD US THE RECORD FOR THE EARLIEST WILL NOT
HOLD LONG. >> HOW FAR BACK CAN YOU GO TO THE ORIGINS OF THE UNIVERSE? >> WELL, JWST IS SO PHENOMENAL
THAT IF YOU SPEND ENOUGH TIME YOU COULD PROBABLY FIND ANY GALAXY THAT EVER FORMED IN THE UNIVERSE.
IT'S REALLY THAT POWERFUL. >> WILL THE HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY BE DIVIDED BETWEEN BEFORE WEBB AND AFTER WEBB?
>> YES. I BELIEVE IT WILL BE. >> Reporter: MATT MOUNTAIN, WHO MANAGES WEBB OPERATIONS, TOLD US
THE OBSERVATORY MAY LAST UP TO 25 YEARS, PERHAPS LONG ENOUGH TO COMPREHEND SPACE AND TIME AND THE ORIGINS OF LIFE.
>> WE'RE SEEING A UNIVERSE WE'VE NEVER SEEN BEFORE. WE THOUGHT IT WAS THERE. WE HOPED IT WAS THERE.
BUT NOW WE SEE IT FOR THE FIRST TIME. >>> IN THE DAYS OF THE ROMAN COLISEUM THEY CALLED IT "BREAD
AND CIRCUSES." LEADERS USING THE SUPERFICIAL APPEAL OF ENTERTAINMENT TO DISTRACT CITIZENS FROM GENUINE
PROBLEMS. THE TERM TODAY, SPORTSWASHING. THE USE OF GAMES AND TEAMS AND STADIUMS TO CLEANSE AN IMAGE AND
LAUNDER A REPUTATION. A COUNTRY THAT HAS NEVER WON AN OLYMPIC GOLD MEDAL, SAUDI ARABIA, HAS SUDDENLY EMERGED AS
A MAJOR PLAYER IN GLOBAL SPORT, HOSTING EVENTS, BUYING TEAMS, AND LURING ATHLETES WITH STAGGERING CONTRACTS.
IS THIS INVESTMENT AN ATTEMPT TO DIVERSIFY THE ECONOMY AND CATER TO YOUNGER CITIZENS, AS ITS LEADERS CLAIM?
OR IS IT DONE TO PAPER OVER HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES, AUTHORITARIAN RULE, AND EVEN MURDER?
WE VISITED THE KINGDOM TO CHECK OUT THE SPORTS WORLD'S NEW NERVE CENTER AND CHECK OUT WHAT THE SAUDIS AND THEIR NEIGHBORS ARE
GETTING FOR THEIR MONEY. >> ARGENTINA, CHAMPIONS OF THE WORLD'S GREATEST GAME. >> Reporter: ARGENTINA MAY HAE
CLAIMED THE WORLD CUP LAST DECEMBER, BUT IT WASN'T THE ONLY COUNTRY TO EMERGE AS A BIG WINNER.
A CONTROVERSIAL CHOICE TO HOST, THE OIL-RICH GULF STATE OF QATAR THREW MORE THAN $200 BILLION INTO STAGING THE EVENT AND
DRIBBLED PAST CRITICISM OVER ITS APPALLING HUMAN RIGHTS RECORD. AND ANOTHER WINNER WAS NEXT DOOR.
SAUDI ARABIA FIELDED THE ONE TEAM THAT BEAT ARGENTINA. A TRIUMPH CELEBRATED AROUND THE ARAB WORLD.
NOT LEAST BY PRINCE ABDULAZIZ BIN TURKI AL SAUD, THE COUNTRY'S MINISTER OF SPORT. >> IT WAS UNBELIEVABLE.
IT WAS JUST A MILESTONE THAT WE TICKED THAT SHOWS THAT IF YOU PUT THE EFFORT AND THE RIGHT RESOURCES BEHIND IT YOU CAN
ACHIEVE IMPOSSIBLE THINGS. >> Reporter: THE IMPROBABLE CONTINUED AFTER THE WORLD CUP. SAUDI ARABIA'S ENORMOUS
RESOURCES, THAT IS, SLOSHING OIL MONEY, ENTICED CRISTIANO RONALDO OF PORTUGAL, A GENERATIONAL STAR, TO PLAY FOR A TEAM IN
RIYADH. HIS SALARY? MORE THAN $200 MILLION A SEASON. THAT'S RIGHT.
200 MILLION. ROUGHLY THE ANNUAL PLAYING WAGES OF LeBRON JAMES, STEPH CURRY, AARON JUDGE, AND PATRICK MAHOMES
COMBINED. >> SUCH A CALM, COMPOSED FELLOW. >> Reporter: THE OPENING BELL FOR SAUDI ARABIA'S INVESTMENT IN
GLOBAL SPORTS SOUNDED THREE YEARS AGO WITH "THE CLASH ON THE DUNES," A HEAVYWEIGHT TITLE FIGHT.
A FEW MONTHS LATER THE KINGDOM STAGED THE WORLD'S RICHEST HORSE RACE. >> A HUGE SHOCK BUT THEY LOVE IT
HERE IN SAUDI ARABIA! >> Reporter: THERE'S FORMULA 1 RACING. AND A TEN-YEAR DEAL WITH THE
WWE. BUT TO MANY THESE MEGA-EVENTS IN SAUDI ARABIA ARE FINANCIAL LOSS LEADERS BEING USED TO LAUNDER
THE IMAGE OF A COUNTRY WHILE CLOAKING REPRESSION AND AUTHORITARIAN RULE. >> YOU'VE HEARD THE TERM
"SPORTSWASHING," THIS IDEA THAT COUNTRIES CAN COVER UP BAD ACTS THROUGH SPORTS. DO YOU BELIEVE IN THE CONCEPT
THAT A COUNTRY CAN USE SPORTS THIS WAY? >> NOT AT ALL. I DON'T AGREE WITH THAT -- WITH
THAT TERM BECAUSE I THINK THAT IF YOU GO TO DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD THEN YOU BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER.
EVERYONE SHOULD COME, SEE SAUDI ARABIA, SEE IT FOR WHAT IT IS, AND THEN MAKE YOUR DECISION. SEE IT FOR YOURSELF.
IF YOU DON'T LIKE IT, FINE. ♪ >> Reporter: WHICH IS PRECISELY WHY WE CAME TO SAUDI ARABIA LATE
LAST YEAR, TO SEE THIS UNLIKELY SPORTS HUB FOR OURSELVES. DECEMBER IS THE OFF-SEASON FOR PRO TENNIS.
YET RIYADH WAS THE SITE OF AN EXHIBITION, STUDDED WITH TOP TEN STARS AND EMBROIDERED WITH LOCAL TOUCHES.
FALCONS ENLISTED TO HELP WITH THE DRAW CEREMONY. [ APPLAUSE ] BUT THE REAL DRAW?
AUSTRALIA'S NICK KYRGIOS WAS BLUNT. >> WHAT BROUGHT YOU HERE AT THE END?
>> WELL, THE MONEY'S PRETTY GOOD. I'M NOT GOING TO LIE. >> Reporter: DESPITE DESERTS OF
EMPTY SEATS AND LITTLE IN THE WAY OF TELEVISION RIGHTS, USUALLY THE LIFEBLOOD FOR SPORTS, THE PLAYERS WERE PAID
MILLIONS JUST TO SHOW UP. >> AND HE MAGNIFICENT. >> Reporter: AND TAYYLOR FRITZ,A CALIFORNIAN, EARNED $1 MILLION
IN PRIZE MONEY FOR WINNING THE WEEKEND EVENT. ♪ ♪ OH, OH ♪
THE SAUDIS AREN'T JUST HOSTING EVENTS. THROUGH THE KINGDOM'S SOVEREIGN WEALTH FUND THEY BOUGHT AN
ENGLISH PREMIER LEAGUE SOCCER TEAM, NEWCASTLE UNITED. WE SAW THEM FOR A VISITING GAME AGAINST A LOCAL TEAM.
POINTEDLY ABANDONING THEIR USUAL STRIPED KITS FOR THE GREEN OF THE SAUDI FLAG. THEN THERE IS TO DATE SAUDI'S
BIGGEST SWING IN SPORTS, THE $2.5 BILLION LIV TOUR, WHICH HAS DIVIDED GOLF. DISMISSING THIS RIVAL TO THE PGA
TOUR AS, QUOTE, AN ENDLESS PIT OF MONEY, TIGER WOODS TURNED DOWN $800 MILLION FROM THE SAUDIS TO JOIN LIV.
MANY OTHER TOP PLAYERS, INCLUDING PHIL MICKELSON AND DUSTIN JOHNSON, DID SWITCH THEIR TOUR ALLEGIANCES, BOTH PAID AS
THEY WERE NORTH OF $100 MILLION. THIS FLOOD OF SAUDI MONEY INTO SPORTS IS JUST ABSOLUTELY -- IT'S A DISRUPTOR.
IT'S COMPLETELY CHANGING THE FACE OF SPORTS. IS THAT THE INTENTION? >> NOT AT ALL.
IT ADDS A LOT TO THE SPORT. >> BUT YOU HAVE TO REALIZE THE IMPACT THIS HAS. I MEAN, WHEN WINNERS OF LIV GOLF
EVENTS ARE MAKING MULTIPLE TIMES WHAT TIGER WOODS WON THE LAST TIME HE WON THE MASTERS, THAT'S A BIG ECONOMIC CHANGE.
>> IT DOESN'T MATTER. I THINK IF THE IMPACT OF INCREASING THE PARTICIPATION OF SPORTS AND THE INTEREST IN THAT
SPORT IS GROWING, THEN WHY NOT? >> Reporter: THE SPORTS MINISTER INSISTS THAT THE MASSIVE INVESTMENT IS AN ESSENTIAL
PILLAR OF WHAT I CALLED "VISION 2030," A $7 TRILLION PLAN BY THE KINGDOM'S EFFECTIVE RULER, CROWN PRINCE MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN, OR
MBS, TO DIVERSIFY THE ECONOMY BEYOND OIL WHILE SOFTENING SOME OF ITS MOST RESTRICTIVE SOCIAL CONVENTIONS AND LAWS.
IT'S NOW PERMITTED FOR WOMEN TO DRIVE, UNCOVER THEIR HEAD, HOLD A PASSPORT AND TRAVEL WITHOUT A MALE GUARDIAN.
ON THE COUNTRY'S FIELDS AND IN GYMS AND REC CENTERS, YOUNG SAUDIS, MALE AND FEMALE, ARE EMBRACING SPORT.
SO ARE THEIR MOMS. RASHA AL KHAMIS IS THE COUNTRY'S FIRST FEMALE CERTIFIED BOXING COACH.
BACK IN 2019 SHE ATTENDED THE CLASH ON THE DUNES FIGHT. >> THIS IS YOUR COUNTRY. THESE ARE TWO INTERNATIONAL
SUPERSTARS. AND YOU'RE NOT WATCHING THEM ON TV. YOU'RE WATCHING THEM LIVE HERE.
WHAT WAS THAT LIKE? >> I WOULD NEVER IMAGINE THAT ME GOING TO THE FIGHT, DRIVING MY CAR AND ATTENDING THE FIGHT IN
MY OWN COUNTRY. SO THAT'S -- THAT'S A MASSIVE TRANSFORMATION. AND YOU CAN FEEL THAT THE CHANGE
IS TANGIBLE. >> Reporter: YET THESE CHANGES COME AT A COST. LOUJAIN AL HATHLOUL LED THE
SAUDI WOMEN TO DRIVE MOVEMENT AND WAS PUNISHED FOR HER ACTIVISM, ARRESTED, CHARGED WITH TERRORISM, AND SENTENCED TO
PRISON, WHERE SHE SAYS SHE WAS TORTURED. EVEN AFTER HER RELEASE SHE IS PREVENTED FROM LEAVING THE
COUNTRY. HER SISTER LINA LIVES IN EXILE AND SPOKE WITH US REMOTELY. >> WHEN WE TALK ABOUT SPORTS, OF
COURSE WE DO WANT TO HAVE ENTERTAINMENT IN SAUDI ARABIA. WE DO WANT TO HAVE THIS. BUT NOT AT THE EXPENSE OF -- OF
OUR FREEDOMS. WE DON'T WANT TO BE LIVING IN FEAR AND NOT KNOWING IF TOMORROW THEY WILL BREAK INTO OUR HOUSE
AND TAKE OUR SISTER, OUR DAUGHTER. I DO NOT WANT TO LIVE IN THIS COUNTRY.
I WANT TO LIVE IN A COUNTRY WHERE I FEEL FREE TRULY. >> EVEN IF THEY HAVE FANCY SPORTING EVENTS?
>> I WANT BOTH. >> Reporter: HER SISTER'S HARSH TREATMENT, SHE SAYS, UNDERSCORES A STARK PARADOX.
AT A TIME WHEN SOCIAL FREEDOMS HAVE EXPANDED, POLITICAL REPRESSION IN SAUDI ARABIA HAS BECOME MORE SEVERE.
>> YOU'RE SAYING THIS IS WINDOW DRESSING, THIS IS -- THIS IS COSMETIC. AND BEHIND THE GAMES THERE'S
MASS EXECUTIONS AND REPRESSION LIKE NEVER BEFORE. >> ABSOLUTELY. EXACTLY.
THIS IS WHAT'S HAPPENING. >> Reporter: THE CULTURAL SHIFT GOES BEYOND SPORTS. WHO WOULD HAVE PEGGED SAUDI
ARABIA TO START HOSTING AN ANNUAL DESERT RAVE? ♪ BRUNO MARS AND DJ KHALED WERE
AMONG THE HEADLINERS. IT'S ALL OF A PIECE. SPORTS, ENTERTAINMENT, TOURISM. TO MARRY IT ALL THE CROWN PRINCE
TURNED TO AMERICAN IMPRESARIO JERRY INZERILLO. >> WHAT'S A GUY FROM BROOKLYN DOING IN A PLACE LIKE THIS?
>> CREATING MAGIC. MAKING A PLACE WELCOMING FOR EVERYBODY TO COME SEE THE KINGDOM, THE BIRTHPLACE OF THE
KINGDOM. VERY EXCITING TIMES. SALAM ALLAKEEM. >> Reporter: IN HIS CAREER IN
HOSPITALITY AND ENTERTAINMENT INZERILLO LAUNCHED ATLANTIS IN THE BAHAMAS. NAME A GLOBAL CEREMONY AND BE
ASSURED JERRY HAS MADE THEIR ACQUAINTANCE. >> I'VE DONE FIVE DECADES IN TOURISM.
MY JOB IS TO WELCOME PEOPLE AND TO CREATE JOY AND FESTIVITY. WITH VISION 2030 NOW WE WANT PEOPLE TO COME TO SAUDI.
>> Reporter: TODAY HE OVERSEES A MASSIVE $63 BILLION DEVELOPMENT ON THE SITE WHERE THE SAUDI STATE WAS BORN.
CONVERTING IT INTO A MODERN XANADU WITH HOMES FOR 100,000 PEOPLE, LUXURY HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS.
WE ASKED INZERILLO ABOUT IZZ HAD COMFORT LEVEL REPRESENTING THIS ATOCRACY. HE TOLD US HE FOCUSES ON THE
POSITIVE. >> YOU KNOW, I WENT TO SCHOOL IN LAS VEGAS. AND THERE'S A GAMBLING TERM THAT
WHEN YOU'RE WAY AHEAD YOU'RE PLAYING WITH HOUSE MONEY. >> YOU WINNING? >> OH, I'M -- NOT ONLY AM I
WINNING. I'VE WON. THERE'S AN OLD COUNTRY WESTERN SONG, "DANCE WITH THE ONE PRO
BRUNG YOU." >> WHO BRUNG YOU? >> WHO BRUNG ME HERE? >> YEAH.
>> VISION 2030. A VERY BENEVOLENT, VERY LOVED KING, AND A VERY VISIONARY, DYNAMIC CROWN PRINCE.
>> Reporter: BUT IT'S THE LESS NOBLE DOINGS OF THE CROWN PRINCE THAT HAVE STAINED THE COUNTRY'S REPUTATION, BOTH ACCELERATING
AND COMPLICATING ITS FORAY INTO SPORTS. A CIA REPORT SAID MBS APPROVED THE 2018 ASSASSINATION AND
DISMEMBERING OF "WASHINGTON POST" JOURNALIST JAMAL KHASHOGGI. UNDER MBS'S RULE EXECUTIONS HAVE
DRASTICALLY INCREASED, INCLUDING A MASS BEHEADING OF 81 PEOPLE IN ONE DAY LAST MARCH. THE MILDEST CRITICISM OF THE
STATE EVEN ON TWITTER HAS BEEN MET WITH DETENTION, TORTURE AND LONG AND ARBITRARY PRISON SENTENCES.
>> WE'VE HEARD A LOT ABOUT TRANSITION. WE'VE SEEN IT WITH OUR OWN EYES. BUT THE CONCERN IS THAT THIS
COUNTRY RIGHT NOW IS STILL NOT FIT TO HOLD INTERNATIONAL SPORTING EVENTS. >> WE'RE NOT SAYING THAT WE'RE
PERFECT. BUT WHAT I'M TRYING TO SAY IS THAT THESE THINGS HELP US TO ACHIEVE A BETTER FUTURE FOR OUR
POPULATION. >> I THINK NO COUNTRY WOULD SAY THEY'RE PERFECT. BUT ARE YOU SAYING THAT EVERY
COUNTRY HAS A LEADER THAT ACCORDING TO THE CIA HAS ORDERED THE MURDER OF A JOURNALIST? ARE YOU SAYING THAT EVERY
COUNTRY HAS 81 BEHEADINGS IN A SINGLE DAY? AND IF THE ANSWER IS NO, DOESN'T IT MAKE THIS RELATIVE ARGUMENT,
THIS WHATABOUTISM, DOESN'T IT MAKE THAT IRRELEVANT? >> WELL, WHAT I'M TRYING TO SAY IS THAT LET'S LOOK AT THE GOOD
SIDE ABOUT THIS. AND YOU KNOW, YOU'RE JUST PINPOINTING CERTAIN TOPICS THAT IF WE -- I GO AND, YOU KNOW, WE
HAD THE MASS SHOOTING A COUPLE OF WEEKS AGO IN THE U.S. DOES THAT MEAN THAT WE DON'T HOST THE WORLD CUP IN THE U.S.?
NO. WE SHOULD GO TO THE U.S. WE SHOULD GET PEOPLE TOGETHER. >> A MASS SHOOTING IS NOT A
GOVERNMENT ACTOR. LET'S BE CLEAR ABOUT THAT. >> STILL, WHATEVER -- WHATEVER. PEOPLE DIED.
BUT WHAT I'M TRYING TO SAY IS THAT IF WE LOOK AT ONLY THE BAD SIDE THEN WE SHOULDN'T BE DOING ANYTHING.
>> ARE THERE NOT UNIVERSALS? ARE THERE NOT BASIC THRESHOLDS YOU THINK NEED TO BE MET? >> AS I SAID, THERE IS A LOT OF
ISSUES WITH A LOT OF COUNTRIES. BUT THEN YOU MENTION THAT THE ORDER CAME FROM THE CROWN PRINCE.
AND THAT'S NOT TRUE. THERE'S NO PROOF OF THAT AS WE SPEAK. >> YOU'RE DENYING THE CIA'S
REPORT THAT SAYS THIS WAS ORDERED AND APPROVED -- >> I DON'T THINK THE CIA REPORT ACTUALLY SAYS THAT.
IF YOU LOOK AT IT. >> THE CIA REPORT CONCLUDED "SAUDI ARABIA'S CROWN PRINCE MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN APPROVED AN
OPERATION TO CAPTURE OR KILL SAUDI JOURNALIST JAMAL KHASHOGGI." >> FINALLY, THEY COLLIDE.
>> Reporter: STILL THE GAMES GO ON. SO DO THE CHOICES. JUST LAST MONTH FIFA, SOCCER'S
GOVERNING BODY, NOT KNOWN FOR OCCUPYING ETHICAL HIGH GROUND, RESPONDED TO PROTESTS FROM PLAYERS AND TURNED DOWN SAUDI
TOURISM'S SPONSORSHIP OFFER FOR THIS SUMMER'S WOMEN'S WORLD CUP. THESE MORAL DILEMMAS WERE ONLY INTENSIFY.
>> WHEN WE WERE IN SAUDI ARABIA, WE SAW A TOP LEVEL TENNIS EVENT. A TOP LEVEL GOLF EVENT HAD JUST BEEN HELD.
BRUNO MARS HAD GIVEN A CONCERT. WHAT WOULD YOUR MESSAGE BE TO THE ATHLETES AND ENTERTAINERS WHO ARE COMING IN TO PERFORM AND
COMPETE? >> MY MESSAGE IS THAT WHY WOULD YOU GO TO SAUDI ARABIA AND STAY SILENT ON WHAT IS GOING ON ON
THE GROUND? WHY -- WHY WON'T YOU SPEAK ON BEHALF OF THE PRISONERS WHO HAVE BEEN MUZZLED?
ON ALL THE FAMILIES THAT CANNOT SPEAK. BECAUSE WHEN YOU GO TO SAUDI ARABIA YOU ARE PART OF THIS
COVERING UP MACHINE. >> WHAT DO YOU THINK THE PURPOSE IS OF THROWING AROUND BILLIONS AND BILLIONS OF DOLLARS INTO
SPORTS LIKE THIS? >> I THINK THE SAUDI GOVERNMENT, THE SAUDI REGIME AND MBS, HE WANTS PEOPLE TO THINK OF RONALDO
WHEN THEY THINK ABOUT SAUDI AND NOT ABOUT KHASHOGGI. >> THAT'S BECOME THE ASSOCIATION NOW.
WE'VE GONE FROM THE MURDERED JOURNALIST TO THE STAR SOCCER PLAYER. >> ABSOLUTELY, YEAH.
UNFORTUNATELY. >>> ALMOST EXACTLY FOUR YEARS AGO THE CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DAME IN PARIS CAUGHT FIRE.
IT WAS ONE OF THOSE 21st CENTURY MOMENTS THAT PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD EXPERIENCED TOGETHER, STARING IN HORROR AT LIVE VIDEO
ON THEIR SMARTPHONES AND TELEVISIONS. FOR THE PEOPLE OF FRANCE IT WAS ESPECIALLY TRAUMATIC, BECAUSE
NOTRE DAME HAS BEEN A POWERFUL SYMBOL, BOTH SACRED AND SECULAR, SINCE MEDIEVAL TIMES. FRENCH PRESIDENT EMMANUEL MACRON
PLEDGED THAT NOTRE DAME WOULD BE REOPENED BY THE END OF 2024. HE COULDN'T HAVE KNOWN THEN HOW HARD IT WOULD BE TO KEEP THAT
PROMISE. BUT ON THIS EASTER SUNDAY, FOUR YEARS LATER, THE RESURRECTION OF THE GREAT CATHEDRAL SEEMS WITHIN
REACH. [ SIRENS ] FLAMES TORE THROUGH THE ROOF OF NOTRE DAME ON THE EVENING OF
APRIL 15th, 2019, AND SPREAD WITH INCREDIBLE SPEED AND FEROCITY, ENGULFING HER 200-FOOT SPIRE.
>> EVERYBODY STOPS. >> Reporter: JEAN-LOUIS GEORGELIN IS THE MAN NOW IN CHARGE OF RESTORING NOTRE DAME.
>> AND A LOT OF PEOPLE IN FRANCE CRIED BECAUSE THEY FEEL THAT SOMETHING VERY DEEP IN THE SOUL OF FRANCE, IN THE SPIRIT OF
FRANCE WAS ABOUT TO COLLAPSE. >> Reporter: ONLY A HEROIC EFFORT BY THE PARIS FIRE BRIGADE SAVED NOTRE DAME FROM COLLAPSE,
AS A FEW STAFFERS RACED THROUGH FALLING EMBERS TO RESCUE PRECIOUS RELICS. PHILIPPE VILLENEUVE, THE
CATHEDRAL'S CHIEF ARCHITECT, WAS OUT OF TOWN THAT NIGHT AND RACED BACK TO PARIS. HE WAS DEVASTATED BY WHAT HE
SAW. "I'VE SAID THAT THE LITTLE BOY WHO WAS IN LOVE WITH THE CATHEDRAL AND THE ARCHITECT WHO
WAS IN CHARGE OF IT DIED THAT DAY AND ANOTHER MAN TOOK OVER AND SAID, I HAVE TO SAVE THE CATHEDRAL.
IT'S MY MISSION. IT'S MY DUTY." VILLENEUVE NOW SHARES THAT DUTY. IF HE'S THE ARTIST WHO KNOWS
EVERY INCH OF STONE IN NOTRE DAME, RETIRED ARMY GENERAL GEORGELIN IS THE COMMANDER, CALLED BACK TO MEET THAT
FIVE-YEAR DEADLINE. >> I WILL RELAX ONLY WHEN THIS WILL BE DONE. >> WHAT DOES THIS CATHEDRAL MEAN
TO THE PEOPLE OF FRANCE? >> THE CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DAME DE PARIS IS IN SOME WAY THE HEART OF FRANCE.
FOR THE CATHOLIC, OF COURSE, FOR THE CHRISTIAN, BUT FOR EVERYBODY. ALL THE GREAT EVENTS OF FRANCE
IN SOME WAY OR ANOTHER TOOK PLACE HERE IN THE CATHEDRAL. >> Reporter: NAPOLEON CROWNED HIMSELF EMPEROR IN NOTRE DAME IN
1804. IN 1944 AS PARIS WAS LIBERATED FROM NAZI OCCUPATION GENERAL CHARLES DE GAULLE BRAVED SNIPER
FIRE TO ENTER THE CATHEDRAL. [ GUNSHOTS ] >> IN MANY WAYS YOU COULD SAY THAT SHE'S THE PEOPLE'S PALACE.
>> Reporter: AGNES POIRIER IS A JOURNALIST AND AUTHOR WHO LIVES AND WORKS JUST ACROSS THE RIVER SEINE FROM NOTRE DAME.
SHE AND HER NEIGHBORS WATCHED THE MOST HORRIFYING MOMENT THE NIGHT OF THE FIRE, THE COLLAPSE OF THAT IMPOSING SPIRE.
>> I REMEMBER THE SCREAM OF THE CROWD, SAYING "NO." AS IF THEY COULDN'T -- THEY COULDN'T CONCEIVE SUCH A THING.
>> Reporter: THAT SPIRE MEANT SO MUCH TO PHILIPPE VILLENEUVE THAT HE HAD IT TATTOOED ON HIS ARM. "THEY SAY THAT I HAVE NOTRE DAME
IN MY SKIN," HE TOLD US. "IT'S VERY PRACTICAL BECAUSE WHN I HAVE TO EXPLAIN HOW THE SPIRE FELL IT'S ALWAYS BETTER TO
SHOW THAT FROM HERE TO THERE IT TIPPED OVER." THE HUGE SPIRE MADE OF OAK AND COVERED IN LEAD TILES CRASHED
THROUGH TWO OF THE STONE VAULTS WHICH FORM THE CEILING OF NOTRE DAME, LEAVING GAPING HOLES AT THE TOP AND HEAPS OF BROKEN
STONE AND CHARRED WOOD ON THE FLOOR BELOW. THE TOP PRIORITY WAS TO SHORE UP THE GRAND CATHEDRAL'S WEAKENED
STRUCTURE. HUGE TEMPORARY WOODEN SUPPORTS WERE PLACED UNDER THE SURVIVING STONE VAULTS OF HER CEILING AND
UNDER THE FLYING BUTTRESSES TO SAVE THIS PRIME EXAMPLE OF MEDIEVAL ENGINEERING. >> WE HAVE TO CHECK EVERY STONE
IN THE CATHEDRAL, EVERY PILLAR. >> Reporter: AT THE SAME TIME A HUGE DECONTAMINATION PROJECT WAS MOUNTED TO REMOVE LEAD TILES
THAT HAD MELTED FROM THE BURNING ROOF AND SPIRE AND ALL THE TOXIC LEAD DUST SPREAD BY THE FIRE. FOUR YEARS ON WORKERS STILL TAKE
EXTRAORDINARY PRECAUTIONS AGAINST LEAD POISONING. WE HAD TO WEAR DISPOSABLE HAZMAT SUITS TO ENTER THE CATHEDRAL.
TONS OF RUBBLE HAD TO BE REMOVED. PAINTINGS AND STAINED GLASS WINDOWS WERE TAKEN AWAY FOR
RESTORATION. AND TWISTED STEEL SCAFFOLDING ERECTED FOR ONGOING RESTORATION WORK HAD TO BE DISMANTLED.
>> SO YOU WERE IN THE PROCESS OF RESTORING THE SPIRE WHEN THE FIRE BROKE OUT IN 2019. DID YOUR RESTORATION PROJECT
HAVE ANYTHING TO DO WITH THE FIRE BREAKING OUT? "AN INVESTIGATION IS STILL UNDER WAY," PHILIPPE VILLENEUVE TOLD
US, "AND NO CAUSE OF THE FIRE HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED. BUT PERSONALLY, IT'S UNBEARABLE. THIS FIRE NEVER SHOULD HAVE
HAPPENED, AND IT DID. INEVITABLY, I FEEL RESPONSIBLE." >> SO YOU KNOW -- >> Reporter: AT THAT POINT IN
OUR INTERVIEW VILLENEUVE SWITCHED TO ENGLISH, WITH A RUEFUL SMILE. >> IN REALITY, I'M TOTALLY
DESTROYED. >> REALLY? >> YES. I SO WANT TO REBUILD NOTRE DAME.
IT'S BECAUSE I WANT TO REBUILD MYSELF. >> Reporter: THE FIRE'S DEEPLY EMOTIONAL IMPACT ON PHILIPPE
VILLENEUVE WAS MIRRORED AROUND THE WORLD. ♪ NEARLY A BILLION DOLLARS IN
PRIVATE DONATIONS HAVE BEEN PLEDGED TO REBUILD NOTRE DAME, MOST OF IT FROM FRANCE. $50 MILLION FROM AMERICANS.
>> I KNOW MANY PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES CONTRIBUTED. >> THEY CAN CONTRIBUTE AGAIN. >> THEY CAN CONTINUE TO
CONTRIBUTE, HUH? >> YEAH. THE CASH IS ALWAYS RUNNING. IF THEY WANT TO GIVE ME MONEY, I
NEED. >> Reporter: IN THE WEEKS IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING THE FIRE, ALL SORTS OF IDEAS WERE FLOATED
FOR HOW CENTURIES-OLD NOTRE DAME MIGHT BE GIVEN A TOUCH OF AVANT-GARDE. >> AND ALL THOSE ARCHITECTS
THROUGHOUT THE WORLD SAID YES, LET'S HAVE A ROOF GARDEN, LET'S HAVE A GOLDEN TORCH, LET'S HAVE A TITANIUM SPIRE.
YOU KNOW, EVEN I, FOR 20 SECONDS I THOUGHT, HMM, TO ADD SOME 21st CENTURY GENUSIUS TO NOTRE DAME, WHY NOT?
>> Reporter: CHIEF ARCHITECT PHILIPPE VILLENEUVE HAD A VERY SIMPLE ANSWER WHY NOT. "AN HISTORIC MONUMENT, A
CATHEDRAL, IS NOT SOMETHING TO BE PLAYED WITH," HE TOLD US. "NOTRE DAME HAD BEEN STANDING FOR 850 YEARS WITH A WOODEN
FRAME AND A LEAD ROOF. SO WOOD IS THE WAY TO GO." IN THE END PRESIDENT MACRON AND A SPECIAL COMMITTEE AGREED TO
REBUILD NOTRE DAME EXACTLY AS SHE HAD BEEN, AND WITH THE SAME MATERIALS, STONE, WOOD, AND LEAD.
>> HOW IS IT THAT THE TRADITIONALISTS WON OUT? >> WELL, I THINK WISDOM WON. >> Reporter: NOTRE DAME'S
SIGNATURE SPIRE WAS A FAIRLY RECENT ADDITION. IMAGES OF THE CATHEDRAL FROM THE MID 1800s SHOW HER WITHOUT A
SPIRE AND IN AN ADVANCED STATE OF DECAY. >> THE CATHEDRAL WAS IN GREAT DISREPAIR, WAS IT NOT?
>> IT WAS ABOUT TO COLLAPSE. BUT OF NEGLECT, NOT OF FIRE. >> Reporter: THERE WERE EVEN PROPOSALS TO DEMOLISH NOTRE DAME
BEFORE THE CATHEDRAL CRUMBLED ON ITS OWN. INSTEAD, THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT HIRED A YOUNG ARCHITECT NAMED
VIOLLET-LE-DUC. HE CREATED THAT FAMOUS SPIRE. >> SO YOU ARE REBUILDING THE SPIRE EXACTLY AS VIOLLET-LE-DUC?
>> YES. >> ARE YOU USING HIS ORIGINAL DRAWINGS? >> Reporter: "WE WERE LUCKY," HE
SAID, "BECAUSE IT WAS EXTREMELY WELL DOCUMENTED. WE HAVE THE DRAWINGS OF VIOLLET-LE-DUC, THE SKETCHES,
THE SURVEYS. WE HAVE EVERYTHING NEEDED TO BE ABLE TO REMAKE IT." A THOUSAND FRENCH OAK TREES WERE
FELLED FOR THE NEW SPIRE, THEN FINE-CUT BY CARPENTERS IN EASTERN FRANCE. IN OTHER WORKSHOPS AROUND THE
COUNTRY THE CATHEDRAL'S ORGAN, THE LARGEST IN FRANCE, AND MANY OF ITS STAINED GLASS WINDOWS WERE RESTORED.
>> HOW MANY WORKERS AND CRAFTSMEN DO YOU HAVE ON THIS PROJECT? >> IF WE TAKE INTO ACCOUNT ALL
OF THE PEOPLE IN FRANCE, IT'S ABOUT 1,000 PEOPLE. >> Reporter: ON THE PLAZA IN FRONT OF NOTRE DAME A HUGE TENT
HAS BEEN ERECTED WHERE STONE CUTTERS AND SCULPTORS ARE RECREATING GOTHIC GARGOYLES AND ADORNMENTS DAMAGED IN THE FIRE.
PHILIPPE VILLENEUVE SUPERVISES EVERY DETAIL. "I'LL MAKE THEM PUT THEIR FINGERS ON THE LAYERS OF THE
ORIGINAL SCULPTURE," HE SAID, "AND THEN ON THE LAYER THEY'RE SCULPTING." >> SO HE WANTS YOU TO FEEL IT.
>> MM-HMM. >> NOT JUST LOOK AT IT. >> YEAH, YEAH. >> AND THAT WORKS?
>> YEAH. I THINK TOO. >> Reporter: DANAE LEBLOND IS JUST 23 YEARS OLD, SCULPTING AND
CHISELING TO RECREATE A FLORAL DETAIL CARVED HUNDREDS OF YEARS AGO. "WE TRY TO REMAKE THINGS
IDENTICALLY," SHE SAID, "BUT WE ARE ALSO TRYING TO UNDERSTAND THE INTENTION OF THE ORIGINAL SCULPTORS.
SO WE LOOK AT THE TRACES LEFT BY THEIR TOOLS." WE WERE GIVEN RARE ACCESS TO THE PAINSTAKING RESTORATION OF NOTRE
DAME AS WORKERS AND ARTISANS REVIVED THE CATHEDRAL'S EXTERIOR -- >> THE TOWERS OF THE CATHEDRAL.
>> Reporter: AND HER INTERIOR. >> OH, MY GOD. >> Reporter: THE CATHEDRAL'S GREAT ROSE WINDOWS HAVE BEEN
METICULOUSLY CLEANED. >> LOOK AT THIS. >> Reporter: AND EVERY INCH OF STONE COATED WITH LATEX, WHICH
WHEN PEELED AWAY LEAVES THE SURFACE GLEAMING. WE FOUND RESTORERS, MATHILDE MAIRE AND AUDE MASSIMI WORKING
ON PAINTED STONE SCULPTURES DEPICTING SCENES FROM THE LIFE OF CHRIST. >> HOW OLD IS THIS?
"THIS PART OF THE CATHEDRAL," SHE SAID, "WAS BUILT AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 14th CENTURY. THESE SCULPTURES ARE MEDIEVAL."
THE RESTORERS ARE CAREFULLY WIPING EVERY SURFACE WITH SMALL COTTON SWABS DIPPED IN A WATER-BASED CLEANING SOLUTION.
>> SO I THINK YOU HAVE TO HAVE A LOT OF PATIENCE. >> YES. OUI.
>> Reporter: "YES," SHE SAYS. "YOU HAVE TO BE CALM AND KNOW THAT IT WILL TAKE TIME. BUT IT'S A PLEASURE."
>> WE CAN SEE SHE'S WIPING AWAY THE CENTURIES. >> Reporter: A 600-TON MAZE OF SCAFFOLDING HAS BEEN BUILT
INSIDE NOTRE DAME TO SUPPORT ALL THE WORK, ESPECIALLY THE REBUILDING OF THE SPIRE. GENERAL GEORGELIN TOOK US UP
THROUGH IT, 2/3 OF THE WAY ON A CONSTRUCTION ELEVATOR. WE REACHED THE TOP CLIMBING STEPS AND LADDERS.
>> THIS IS INCREDIBLE. >> Reporter: WE WERE STANDING 100 FEET ABOVE THE CATHEDRAL FLOOR, IN EXACTLY THE SPOT WHERE
THE FLAMING SPIRE COLLAPSED. FOUR YEARS AGO THERE WAS NOTHING HERE BUT A VAST HOLE. >> THE DRAMA TOOK PLACE HERE.
AND WE HAVE TO REBUILD THE VAULT OF THE TRANSEPT. THE SPIRE WILL BE THERE. 66 METERS HIGH.
>> Reporter: AT THE TOP OF THE OLD 200-FOOT SPIRE SAT A COPPER SCULPTURE OF A ROOSTER, THE SYMBOL OF THE FRENCH PEOPLE.
THE DAY AFTER THE FIRE PHILIPPE VILLENEUVE FOUND IT ON A LOWER ROOF, A BIT MANGLED BUT MIRACULOUSLY UNTOUCHED BY THE
FLAMES. IT HAS BEEN LEFT AS IT WAS FOUND AND WILL BE PUT ON DISPLAY IN THE RESTORED CATHEDRAL.
"CAN I TELL YOU," VILLENEUVE SAYS, "THAT I PLAN TO PUT A NEW ROOSTER ON TOP OF A NEW SPIRE ONE YEAR TO THE DAY BEFORE THE
REOPENING OF THE CATHEDRAL. THERE WILL STILL BE SCAFFOLDING, BUT THE FRAME OF THE SPIRE WILL AGAIN BE IN THE SKY OF PARIS."
>> AND THE SPIRE WILL REST, REPOSE -- >> REST. >> REST.
ON THESE FOUR PILLARS YOU SEE HERE. YOU SEE? >> BE MAGNIFICENT.
>> MAGNIFICENT, YES. FOR THE GLORY OF GOD AND FRANCE.
>>> RECREATING NOTRE DAME'S ICONIC SPIRE. >> YOU TOOK THESE DOWN FOUR DAYS BEFORE THE FIRE?
>> >>> NOW, THE LAST MINUTE OF "60 MINUTES."
>>> PREPARING TONIGHT'S STORY, WE WERE REMINDED OF THE ROLE NOTRE DAME, A SOARING "PRAYER IN STONE" HAS PLAYED IN THE LIFE OF
PARIS AND ALL OF FRANCE. OUR OWN HOUSES OF PRAYER ARE AS OFTEN PRAYERS IN BRICK OR WOOD AS OF GRANITE OR LIMESTONE.
BUT THEY ARE EVERY BIT AS VITAL TO THEIR COMMUNITIES. HOUSES OF PRAYER ARE OFTEN HOUSES OF REFUGE FOR THE HUNGRY,
HOUSES OF HOSPITALITY FOR THE ADDICTED, THE ALCOHOLIC, AND THE ABUSED. IN SMALL TOWNS AND BIG CITIES,
IN IMMIGRANT COMMUNITIES AND AMONG PEOPLE IN SPIRITUAL NEED, OUR CHURCHES AND SYNAGOGUES, OUR MOSQUES AND TEMPLES, GRAND OR
SIMPLE, ARE OUR OWN NOTRE DAMES. I'M BILL WHITAKER. WE'LL BE BACK NEXT WEEK WITH ANOTHER EDITION OF "60 MINUTES."
HAPPY EASTER, A JOYOUS PASSOVER, AND A PEACEFUL ORTHODOX HOLY WEEK.