1 00:00:10,276 --> 00:00:18,651 >>> ACTING ON A TIP FROM A MIDDLE SCHOOL, FEDERAL INVESTIGATORS DISCOVERED A MAJOR AMERICAN COMPANY SENDING 2 00:00:18,718 --> 00:00:23,723 CHILDREN TO WORK IN SLAUGHTERHOUSES. >> AND WHAT DID YOU FIND? >> THAT THERE WERE MINORS 3 00:00:23,790 --> 00:00:30,397 EMPLOYED ACROSS THE COUNTRY BETWEEN THE AGES OF 13 AND 17 WORKING THE OVERNIGHT SHIFT. >> THIS WAS NOT A MISTAKE. 4 00:00:30,463 --> 00:00:35,201 >> THERE IS NO WAY THAT THIS WAS JUST A MISTAKE. >> HOW MANY MINORS DID YOU IDENTIFY? 5 00:00:35,268 --> 00:00:45,345 >> 102 MINORS AT 13 DIFFERENT PLANTS IN EIGHT DIFFERENT STATES. >>> EAST OF SAN DIEGO AND SOUTH 6 00:00:45,412 --> 00:00:55,622 OF PALM SPRINGS LIES THE SALTON SEA, CALIFORNIA'S LARGEST INLAND BODY OF WATER, SPREADING EAST FROM THE SEA IS A GIANT 7 00:00:55,688 --> 00:01:02,495 MINERAL-RICH GEOTHERMAL FIELD BOILING WITH POTASSIUM, SODIUM, AND LITHIUM. THE REGION IS BEING CALLED 8 00:01:02,562 --> 00:01:12,739 LITHIUM VALLEY, AND IT'S ABOUT TO CHANGE THE AUTO INDUSTRY WORLDWIDE. >>> IN THE DARKEST TIMES AND IN 9 00:01:12,806 --> 00:01:24,083 THE MOST DANGEROUS PLACES, JAMES NACHTWEY CAPTURES BEAUTY AND BRUTALITY, MOMENTS OF HATE AND HEROISM, SENSELESS DESTRUCTION, 10 00:01:24,150 --> 00:01:31,758 AND QUIET ACTS OF COMPASSION. >> MOTHERS AND FATHERS ARE MY HEROES, WHAT THEY DO FOR THEIR CHILDREN, HOW THEY PROTECT THEM, 11 00:01:31,825 --> 00:01:41,901 BEING IN PLACES WHERE PEOPLE HAVE NEXT TO NOTHING, AND, YET, ANYTHING THEY HAVE, THEY OFFER TO A STRANGER. 12 00:01:41,968 --> 00:01:47,373 >> I'M LESLEY STAHL. >> I'M BILL WHITAKER. >> I'M ANDERSON COOPER. >> I'M SHARYN ALFONSI. 13 00:01:47,440 --> 00:01:59,686 >> I'M JON WERTHEIM. >> I'M SCOTT PELLEY. THOSE STORIES AND MORE TONIGHT ON "60 MINUTES." 14 00:01:59,752 --> 00:02:08,928 >>> 85 YEARS AGO, THE UNITED STATES OUTLAWED CHILD ABUSE IN SWEATSHOP LABOR -- A SCOURGE THAT FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT CALLED 15 00:02:08,995 --> 00:02:18,738 "THIS ANCIENT ATROCITY." SO, IT WAS A SHOCK IN 2022 TO LEARN THAT AN AMERICAN COMPANY, OWNED BY A WALL STREET FIRM, 16 00:02:18,805 --> 00:02:29,916 SENT CHILDREN AS YOUNG AS 13 TO WORK IN SLAUGHTERHOUSES. THE DISGRACE WAS MORE DISTURBING BECAUSE THE COMPANY, PSSI, IS 17 00:02:29,983 --> 00:02:36,756 VITAL TO NATIONAL FOOD SAFETY AND ITS OWNER, BLACKSTONE, CLAIMS TO BE A MODEL OF MANAGEMENT. 18 00:02:36,823 --> 00:02:46,900 BOTH COMPANIES SAY THEY HAD NO IDEA THEY EMPLOYED CHILDREN IN EIGHT STATES. BUT IT WAS OBVIOUS TO TEACHERS 19 00:02:46,966 --> 00:02:57,844 IN GRAND ISLAND, NEBRASKA, WHO NOTICED ACID BURNS ON A CHILD. IN OUR STORY, YOU WILL SEE ONLY TWO PHOTOS OF CHILDREN WORKING 20 00:02:57,911 --> 00:03:06,786 IN A SLAUGHTERHOUSE. BECAUSE OF PRIVACY, TWO, WITH OBSCURED FACES, ARE ALL THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR WOULD GIVE 21 00:03:06,853 --> 00:03:16,195 US. BUT TWO MAY BE ENOUGH. THEIR HARD HATS READ "PSSI" FOR PACKERS SANITATION SERVICES 22 00:03:16,262 --> 00:03:26,139 INCORPORATED -- THE NATION'S LEADING SLAUGHTERHOUSE CLEANING SERVICE WITH 15,000 WORKERS, IN 432 PLANTS, TAKING IN MORE THAN 23 00:03:26,205 --> 00:03:35,615 A BILLION DOLLARS A YEAR. NOT, IT SEEMED, A LIKELY ABUSER OF CHILDREN. >> IT SEEMED POSSIBLE, BUT NOT 24 00:03:35,682 --> 00:03:44,290 NECESSARILY LIKELY. AND IF IT WERE POSSIBLE, YOU KNOW, MAYBE IT WAS -- SOMEONE HAD SLIPPED THROUGH THE CRACKS. 25 00:03:44,357 --> 00:03:51,197 SHANNON REBOLLEDO IS A 17-YEAR LABOR DEPARTMENT INVESTIGATOR WHO WAS SKEPTICAL. BUT SHE WENT TO GRAND ISLAND, 26 00:03:51,264 --> 00:04:01,608 NEBRASKA, LAST SUMMER, AFTER A MIDDLE SCHOOL TOLD POLICE ABOUT ACID BURNS ON THE HAND AND KNEE OF A 14-YEAR-OLD GIRL. 27 00:04:01,674 --> 00:04:08,781 THE STUDENT EXPLAINED THAT SHE WORKED NIGHTS IN THIS SLAUGHTERHOUSE ON THE EDGE OF TOWN. 28 00:04:08,848 --> 00:04:18,891 >> WHAT DID THE EDUCATORS AT WALNUT MIDDLE SCHOOL TELL YOU? >> IT SEEMED TO BE KNOWN WITHIN THE COMMUNITY THAT MINORS EITHER 29 00:04:18,958 --> 00:04:24,097 ARE OR WERE WORKING OVERNIGHT SHIFTS. THEY TOLD US ABOUT CHILDREN THAT WERE FALLING ASLEEP IN CLASS, 30 00:04:24,163 --> 00:04:29,636 UM, THAT HAD BURNS, CHEMICAL BURNS. THEY WERE CONCERNED FOR THE SAFETY OF THE KIDS. 31 00:04:29,702 --> 00:04:39,579 THEY WERE CONCERNED THAT THEY WEREN'T ABLE TO STAY AWAKE AND DO THEIR JOB, WHICH IS LEARNING IN SCHOOL. 32 00:04:39,646 --> 00:04:45,118 >> BECAUSE THEY'D BEEN UP ALL NIGHT. >> RIGHT. >> UP ALL NIGHT AT THE JBS 33 00:04:45,184 --> 00:04:53,092 SLAUGHTERHOUSE -- AN IMMENSE PLANT THAT PRODUCES 5% OF THE BEEF IN AMERICA. JBS CAN BUTCHER 6,000 COWS A DAY 34 00:04:53,159 --> 00:05:02,368 HERE, BUT EACH NIGHT, THE PLANT WAS TURNED OVER TO PSSI FOR CLEANING FROM 11:00 TO 7:00 A.M. SHANNON REBOLLEDO STAKED OUT THE 35 00:05:02,435 --> 00:05:12,278 PARKING LOT AS JBS LEFT AND PSSI CAME IN. >> AND YOU REALLY NOTED THE DIFFERENCE IN THE APPEARANCE OF 36 00:05:12,345 --> 00:05:16,215 THESE WORKERS THAT WERE COMING TO WORK THIS LATE-NIGHT SHIFT. >> WHAT DO YOU MEAN? >> THEY WERE -- THEY WERE 37 00:05:16,282 --> 00:05:24,624 LITTLE. THEY LOOKED YOUNG. >> SHE BELIEVED CHILDREN WERE WASHING BLOODY FLOORS AND 38 00:05:24,691 --> 00:05:30,530 RAZOR-SHARP MACHINES WITH SCALDING WATER AND POWERFUL CHEMICALS. SO, REBOLLEDO RETRNED WITH A 39 00:05:30,596 --> 00:05:38,071 TEAM AND A SEARCH WARRANT. SHE SAYS, THEY FOUND NINE CHILDREN AT WORK, A REVELATION THAT TRIGGERED A NATIONAL AUDIT 40 00:05:38,137 --> 00:05:44,377 OF PSSI. >> AND WHAT DID YOU FIND? >> THAT THIS WAS A STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE. 41 00:05:44,444 --> 00:05:50,516 THAT THERE WERE MINORS EMPLOYED ACROSS THE COUNTRY BETWEEN THE AGES OF 13 AND 17 WORKING THE OVERNIGHT SHIFT. 42 00:05:50,583 --> 00:05:59,859 >> THIS WAS NOT A MISTAKE? >> THERE IS NO WAY THAT THIS WAS JUST A MISTAKE, A CLERICAL ERROR, A HANDFUL OF ROUGE 43 00:05:59,926 --> 00:06:05,298 INDIVIDUALS GETTING THROUGH. THIS WAS THE STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE. >> HOW MANY MINORS DID YOU 44 00:06:05,364 --> 00:06:11,904 IDENTIFY? >> WE WERE ABLE TO IDENTIFY AND CONFIRM 102 MINORS AT 13 DIFFERENT PLANTS IN EIGHT 45 00:06:11,971 --> 00:06:18,711 DIFFERENT STATES. >> DO YOU BELIEVE THAT 102 IS THE FULL EXTENT? >> NOT AT ALL. 46 00:06:18,778 --> 00:06:24,717 I BELIEVE THAT THE NUMBER IS LIKELY MUCH HIGHER. >> LAST NOVEMBER, THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR FILED SUIT AGAINST 47 00:06:24,784 --> 00:06:32,358 PSSI. THE COMPANY RESPONDED WITH THIS: "PSSI HAS AN ABSOLUTE COMPANYWIDE PROHIBITION" AGAINST 48 00:06:32,425 --> 00:06:40,466 HIRING MINORS. IT ADDED, "WE WILL DEFEND OURSELVES VIGOROUSLY AGAINST THESE CLAIMS." 49 00:06:40,533 --> 00:06:50,643 THE STATEMENT SAID PSSI CHECKS ELIGIBILITY OF EMPLOYEES, INCLUDING THIS GIRL, ON A FEDERAL DATABASE. 50 00:06:50,710 --> 00:07:01,053 BUT THAT DATABASE IS WELL KNOWN TO BE ABUSED IN AN INDUSTRY THAT CAN STRUGGLE TO FIND WORKERS. THE JOBS ARE GRIM AND DANGEROUS, 51 00:07:01,120 --> 00:07:07,260 AND SO THEY ARE OFTEN FILLED BY IMMIGRANTS WHO ARE DESPERATE FOR WORK. SOME IMMIGRANTS USE FALSE PAPERS 52 00:07:07,326 --> 00:07:15,368 TO ROUTINELY BEAT THE FEDERAL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM THAT IS KNOWN AS E-VERIFY. EMPLOYERS HAVE KNOWN FOR NEARLY 53 00:07:15,434 --> 00:07:24,710 30 YEARS THAT E-VERIFY IS USELESS IF THE APPLICANT HAS BOUGHT, BORROWED, OR STOLEN AN ACTUAL I.D. -- WHICH IS COMMON. 54 00:07:24,777 --> 00:07:36,255 AND IN THE CASE OF THE CHILDREN, E-VERIFY WAS ESPECIALLY DUBIOUS. >> THESE WEREN'T CLOSE CALLS. IN SOME CASES, THEY WERE 55 00:07:36,322 --> 00:07:42,895 13-YEAR-OLDS WORKING AND THEY WERE IDENTIFIED BY PSSI AS BEING IN THEIR 30s. IT'S JUST NOT POSSIBLE. 56 00:07:42,962 --> 00:07:51,671 >> IN ITS STATEMENT WHEN THE SUIT WAS FILED, PSSI SAID, IN ADDITION TO E-VERIFY, IT HAS "INDUSTRY-LEADING, BEST-IN-CLASS 57 00:07:51,737 --> 00:08:01,614 PROCEDURES..." INCLUDING "EXTENSIVE TRAINING, DOCUMENT VERIFICATION, BIOMETRICS AND MULTIPLE LAYERS OF AUDITS." 58 00:08:01,681 --> 00:08:08,888 >> THE SYSTEM THAT THEY USE AUTOMATICALLY FLAGS WHETHER OR NOT SOMEONE HAS CERTIFIED THAT THEY ARE 18 OR NOT. 59 00:08:08,955 --> 00:08:15,628 AND WHAT WE FOUND IN OUR REVIEW WAS THAT IT WAS REGULARLY IGNORED IF SOMEONE DIDN'T CERTIFY THAT THEY WERE 18. 60 00:08:15,695 --> 00:08:20,333 >> DID ANY OF THE CHILDREN TELL YOU HOW LONG THEY HAD BEEN WORKING AT THE PLANT? >> YES. 61 00:08:20,399 --> 00:08:26,305 >> AND HOW LONG WAS THAT? >> WE LOOKED BACK AT A THREE-YEAR PERIOD. SO, WE CAN CONFIRM THAT THEY HAD 62 00:08:26,372 --> 00:08:34,847 MINORS WORKING THERE AS EARLY AS 2019. >> FOUR WEEKS AFTER ITS VOW TO "VIGOROUSLY DEFEND" ITSELF, PSSI 63 00:08:34,914 --> 00:08:43,322 SETTLED WITH THE GOVERNMENT. IT DID NOT DISPUTE THE FINDING THAT IT HIRED CHILDREN. PSSI PROMISED NOT TO DO SO IN 64 00:08:43,389 --> 00:08:54,567 THE FUTURE AND AGREED TO REGULAR AUDITS. THE COMPANY PAID THE MAXIMUM FINE OF $1.5 MILLION WHICH WAS 65 00:08:54,634 --> 00:09:03,809 ABOUT 1% OF ITS CASH ON HAND. THE SETTLEMENT ENDED THE SUIT, BUT IT DIDNOT ANSWER THE QUESTION -- WHY. 66 00:09:03,876 --> 00:09:12,585 THE CHILDREN'S PAY WAS THE SAME AS ADULTS SO WHY HIRE KIDS? JESSICA LIMA GAVE US INSIGHT INTO THIS QUESTION -- AND INTO 67 00:09:12,652 --> 00:09:20,760 THE DESPERATION OF THE WORKERS. >> PEOPLE, I KNOW, WE NEED MONEY TO SURVIVE, TO PAY BILLS, TO PAY RENT. 68 00:09:20,826 --> 00:09:32,505 BUT, FOR ME, IT'S NOT. WE JUST NEED -- WE JUST NEED A JOB. >> LIMA WORKED FOR PSSI, AS AN 69 00:09:32,571 --> 00:09:40,313 ADULT, IN ANOTHER PLANT. SHE TOLD US IT WAS OBVIOUS SOME CO-WORKERS WERE CHILDREN. >> THEY HAVE THE AGE FROM -- 70 00:09:40,379 --> 00:09:50,589 LIKE MY KIDS ARE RIGHT NOW. THEY SHOULD BE IN A SCHOOL. THEY SHOULD NOT BE THERE. FOR US, LIKE ADULT, IT'S HARD. 71 00:09:50,656 --> 00:09:56,629 YOU CAN'T IMAGINE FOR A CHILDREN. IT'S NOT EASY. >> DO YOU BELIEVE THAT THE 72 00:09:56,696 --> 00:10:02,702 SUPERVISORS AT PSSI KNEW THAT THESE WERE CHILDREN THAT THEY WERE HIRING? >> THEY KNOW BUT THEY DON'T SAY 73 00:10:02,768 --> 00:10:11,544 NOTHING. BECAUSE THEY JUST NEED THE PEOPLE TO GET THE JOB DONE. >> "PEOPLE TO GET THE JOB DONE." 74 00:10:11,610 --> 00:10:20,019 JESSICA LIMA TOLD US TURNOVER OF WORKERS WAS HIGH IN THE TOUGH OVERNIGHT JOBS, BUT THERE WAS NEVER A LETUP IN THE PRESSURE TO 75 00:10:20,086 --> 00:10:26,859 GET THE SLAUGHTERHOUSES OPEN BY DAWN. >> IN GRAND ISLAND, MANY ARE AT FAULT. 76 00:10:26,926 --> 00:10:34,700 IN COUNTY COURT, TWO PARENTS HAVE BEEN CONVICTED OF CHILD ABUSE OR ENDANGERMENT FOR SENDING KIDS TO THE PLANT. 77 00:10:34,767 --> 00:10:44,210 A MOTHER WAS SENTENCED TO 60 DAYS. >> THERE IS A LOT OF BLAME -- AND IN THIS AUDIO RECORDING, A 78 00:10:44,276 --> 00:10:51,817 STEPFATHER IS BEING SENTENCED TO 30 DAYS BY JUDGE ARTHUR WETZEL. >> OBVIOUSLY, THE COMPANY THAT EMPLOYED THIS YOUNG LADY HAS 79 00:10:51,884 --> 00:11:01,660 SUBSTANTIAL BLAME. FORCING YOUNG CHILDREN TO WORK ON A KILL FLOOR AT A BEEFPACKING PLANT. 80 00:11:01,727 --> 00:11:12,805 TAKING FALSE IDENTIFICATION THAT THE YOUNG LADY WAS 22 YEARS OF AGE WHEN IN FACT SHE WAS 14. THERE'S BLAME TO BE PASSED UPON 81 00:11:12,872 --> 00:11:21,247 THE MOTHER WHO OBTAINED THE FALSE DOCUMENTS SO HER CHILD COULD WORK. ALSO, THE ELEPHANT IN THE ROOM, 82 00:11:21,313 --> 00:11:28,621 JBS, IS AT BLAME FOR HIRING A CLEANING COMPANY SUCH AS THIS TO CONDUCT THEIR AFFAIRS IN THEIR PLANT. 83 00:11:28,687 --> 00:11:38,164 >> PARENTS PURCHASED FALSE IDENTITIES. CHILDREN WERE COACHED TO LIE. BUT IT WAS UP TO PSSI TO ENSURE 84 00:11:38,230 --> 00:11:47,006 ITS OPERATIONS DIDN'T CREATE A MARKET FOR CHILD LABOR. IN ITS DEFENSE, A TOP PSSI OFFICIAL TOLD US, OFF CAMERA, WE 85 00:11:47,073 --> 00:11:58,384 OWN THIS, WE KNOW WE MADE SOME MISTAKES, IT'S INEXCUSABLE. PSSI NOW SAYS IT HAS FIRED MORE THAN THREE DOZEN LOCAL MANAGERS. 86 00:11:58,451 --> 00:12:05,057 >> THE SHEER NATURE, THE SYSTEMIC FAILURES, I'VE NEVER SEEN SYSTEMIC FAILURES LIKE THIS. 87 00:12:05,124 --> 00:12:12,164 THE VIOLATIONS ACROSS THE BOARD AT ALL OF THESE DIFFERENT LOCATIONS, I'VE NEVER SEEN SOMETHING LIKE THAT. 88 00:12:12,231 --> 00:12:21,040 >> FOR ALL THE YEARS THE INVESTIGATION FOUND CHILD LABOR, PSSI HAS BEEN OWNED BY WALL STREET'S BLACKSTONE, THE LARGEST 89 00:12:21,107 --> 00:12:27,847 PRIVATE EQUITY FIRM IN THE WORLD. BLACKSTONE TOLD US "EXTENSIVE PRE-INVESTMENT DUE DILIGENCE 90 00:12:27,913 --> 00:12:36,255 SHOWED PSSI HAD INDUSTRY-LEADING HIRING COMPLIANCE..." BUT IT SEEMS THAT DILIGENCE FAILED TO FIND WHAT WAS OBVIOUS TO 91 00:12:36,322 --> 00:12:46,165 INVESTIGATORS WATCHING A SHIFT CHANGE IN A PARKING LOT. STILL, THE INVESTMENT GIANT SAYS, "A CLAIM OF INSUFFICIENT 92 00:12:46,232 --> 00:12:54,707 DILIGENCE OR OVERSIGHT IS SIMPLY FALSE." AND YET 102 CHILDREN LABORED AT 13 SLAUGHTERHOUSES IN EIGHT 93 00:12:54,773 --> 00:13:01,947 STATES. >> WE'RE REALLY, REALLY OUTRAGED AND CONCERNED THAT THIS IS HAPPENING IN THE COUNTRY TODAY. 94 00:13:02,014 --> 00:13:11,657 >> JESSICA LOOMAN HEADS THE LABOR DEPARTMENT'S WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION -- IN CHARGE OF ENFORCEMENT. 95 00:13:11,724 --> 00:13:19,365 >> IN YOUR VIEW, IS THIS BILLIONAIRES MAKING PROFITS OFF THE SWEAT OF CHILDREN? >> THIS WAS A SYSTEMIC PROBLEM 96 00:13:19,431 --> 00:13:28,007 THAT WAS HAPPENING AT PSSI AND WE HAVE TO THINK ABOUT WHAT THIS MEANS FOR OUR COMMUNITIES, WHAT THIS MEANS FOR OUR ECONOMY. 97 00:13:28,073 --> 00:13:34,380 AND WHAT WE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, AND ACROSS THIS ADMINISTRATION, ARE ADAMANT ABOUT IS THAT WE WILL NEVER 98 00:13:34,446 --> 00:13:43,522 REBUILD OUR ECONOMY ON THE BACKS OF CHILDREN. >> SOUNDS LIKE THE 19th CENTURY. >> THIS IS HAPPENING IN 2022, 99 00:13:43,589 --> 00:13:50,796 2023 THAT WE HAVE KIDS WORKING IN MEATPACKING FACTORIES. AND WE SHOULD ALL BE OUTRAGED. >> HARD TO IMAGINE THE 100 00:13:50,863 --> 00:13:59,672 CALLOUSNESS THAT IS REQUIRED. >> IT MAKES US ALL QUESTION WHAT'S GOING WRONG. >> NEITHER BLACKSTONE NOR PSSI 101 00:13:59,738 --> 00:14:07,613 WOULD MAKE A CORPORATE OFFICER AVAILABLE FOR AN ON-CAMERA INTERVIEW. PSSI OFFERED AN ATTORNEY, HIRED 102 00:14:07,680 --> 00:14:13,752 AFTER THE LABOR DEPARTMENT FILED SUIT. BUT HE HAD NO FIRST-HAND KNOWLEDGE OF THE HIRING OF 103 00:14:13,819 --> 00:14:21,894 CHILDREN. TODAY, PSSI HAS A NEW CEO. IT PLEDGES TO, AMONG OTHER THINGS, SPEND $10 MILLION ON THE 104 00:14:21,961 --> 00:14:32,171 WELFARE OF CHILDREN. IN GRAND ISLAND, THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE OWNER, JBS, TOLD US IT DIDN'T KNOW CHILDREN 105 00:14:32,238 --> 00:14:41,981 WORKED IN ITS PLANT. JBS AND OTHER MEATPACKERS HAVE FIRED PSSI AT MORE THAN TWO DOZEN SITES. 106 00:14:42,047 --> 00:14:51,056 PSSI TOLD US "WE ARE 100% COMMITTED" TO ENFORCING "OUR ABSOLUTE PROHIBITION" AGAINST HIRING CHILDREN. 107 00:14:51,123 --> 00:14:57,563 AS FOR THE CHILD WORKERS IN GRAND ISLAND, PRIVACY LAWS PREVENT OFFICIALS FROM TELLING US MUCH. 108 00:14:57,630 --> 00:15:04,937 BUT WE DO KNOW ONE CHILD IS IN FOSTER CARE AND OTHERS ARE WITH THEIR PARENTS. >> YOU KNOW, I WONDER AFTER 109 00:15:05,004 --> 00:15:13,412 SPEAKING TO THESE CHILDREN, AFTER EXPOSING WHAT WAS HAPPENING TO THEM, WHAT IS YOUR HOPE FOR THEM NOW? 110 00:15:13,479 --> 00:15:22,621 >> I HOPE THAT THEY'RE SAFE. I HOPE THAT THEY HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO BE KIDS, TO GO TO SCHOOL AND NOT BE TIRED. 111 00:15:22,688 --> 00:15:37,002 AND IF THEY'RE WORKING, I JUST -- I JUST HOPE THAT THEY'RE ABLE TO WORK IN A SAFE ENVIRONMENT. 112 00:15:37,069 --> 00:15:45,044 >>> THE TRANSITION FROM FOSSIL FUELS TO SUSTAINABLE ELECTRIC POWER HAS GONE MAINSTREAM, MOST VISIBLY IN THE AUTO INDUSTRY. 113 00:15:45,110 --> 00:15:52,718 THE MAJOR CAR COMPANIES ARE CHASING TESLA WITH AMBITIOUS PLANS FOR FLEETS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES. 114 00:15:52,785 --> 00:15:57,523 THOSE CARS AND TRUCKS RUN ON LITHIUM BATTERIES. THE U.S. HAS MASSIVE QUANTITIES OF LITHIUM, BUT HAS BEEN SLOW TO 115 00:15:57,589 --> 00:16:05,364 INVEST IN THE MINING AND EXTRACTION OF THE METAL. THAT'S ABOUT TO CHANGE. LITHIUM OPERATIONS POWERED BY 116 00:16:05,431 --> 00:16:11,537 CLEAN ENERGY ARE BEING DEVELOPED IN A LONG NEGLECTED, IMPOVERISHED PART OF CALIFORNIA BY THE SALTON SEA, NOT FAR FROM 117 00:16:11,603 --> 00:16:21,680 THE MEXICAN BORDER. THE REGION IS BEING CALLED LITHIUM VALLEY, AND JUST LIKE THE 1849 GOLD RUSH, COMPANIES 118 00:16:21,747 --> 00:16:32,191 ARE RACING TO STRIKE IT RICH. >> EAST OF SAN DIEGO AND SOUTH OF PALM SPRINGS LIES THE SALTON SEA, CALIFORNIA'S LARGEST INLAND 119 00:16:32,257 --> 00:16:43,402 BODY OF WATER. SPREADING EAST FROM THE SEA IS A GIANT, UNDERGROUND, MINERAL-RICH GEOTHERMAL FIELD BOILING WITH 120 00:16:43,469 --> 00:16:47,740 POTASSIUM, SODIUM AND LITHIUM. >> IT IS A WORLD-CLASS LITHIUM RESOURCE. >> THIS IS? 121 00:16:47,806 --> 00:16:57,282 >> WHEN YOU HEAR ESTIMATES OF HOW BIG THIS RESOURCE COULD BE, IT'S USUALLY MEASURED ON ANNUAL TONS PRODUCED. 122 00:16:57,349 --> 00:17:02,654 AND WE'RE CONFIDENT THAT THIS IS IN EXCESS OF 300,000 TONS A YEAR. RIGHT NOW, THAT'S WAY MORE THAN 123 00:17:02,721 --> 00:17:10,195 HALF OF THE WORLD SUPPLY OF LITHIUM. ERIC SPOMER IS CEO OF ENERGYSOURCE MINERALS, A COMPANY 124 00:17:10,262 --> 00:17:18,837 BASED BY THE SALTON SEA IN CALIFORNIA'S IMPERIAL VALLEY. IT'S STEAMING AHEAD WITH PLANS TO RECOVER LITHIUM USING AN 125 00:17:18,904 --> 00:17:28,180 EXISTING ELECTRIC PLANT, POWERED BY THE VAST, UNDERGROUND GEOTHERMAL FIELD. >> WE'RE MOVING INTO AN ERA OF 126 00:17:28,247 --> 00:17:36,588 GREEN TECHNOLOGY, ESPECIALLY WITH OUR CARS. WHERE DOES THIS FIT IN? >> OUR MORE CONSERVATIVE 127 00:17:36,655 --> 00:17:44,296 PROJECTION WOULD SUPPORT 7.5 MILLION ELECTRIC VEHICLES A YEAR, WHICH IS HALF OF THE TOTAL U.S. CAR SALES, CARS AND TRUCKS. 128 00:17:44,363 --> 00:17:49,902 >> COMING FROM THE SALTON SEA AREA? >> CORRECT. >> WHAT ABOUT THIS PLANT? 129 00:17:49,968 --> 00:17:57,776 >> THIS PLANT WILL BE 20,000 TONS PER YEAR, WHICH IS EQUIVALENT TO ABOUT 500,000 VEHICLES PER YEAR. 130 00:17:57,843 --> 00:18:07,085 ONCE UP AND RUNNING, THE TONS OF LITHIUM GENERATED HERE WILL BE SHIPPED, REFINED, AND PROCESSED INTO MILLIONS OF RECHARGEABLE 131 00:18:07,152 --> 00:18:15,160 ELECTRIC CAR BATTERIES. >> OVER 50% OF OUR LINEUP AND OUR RETAIL SALES WILL BE FROM BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES BY THE 132 00:18:15,227 --> 00:18:22,401 END OF THE DECADE. >> MARK STEWART IS HEAD OF STELLANTIS NORTH AMERICA, A GLOBAL CAR MAKER THAT OWNS SOME 133 00:18:22,468 --> 00:18:28,907 OF AMERICA'S BEST KNOWN BRANDS, INCLUDING CHRYSLER, JEEP AND RAM TRUCKS. >> IT REALLY IS, QUOTE, UNQUOTE, 134 00:18:28,974 --> 00:18:34,379 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, THE NEXT PHASE, RIGHT? THIS IS THE MOST INTERESTING AND EXCITING TIME TO BE A PART OF 135 00:18:34,446 --> 00:18:45,023 OUR INDUSTRY. >> STELLANTIS IS INVESTING $35 BILLION IN AN AMBITIOUS, HISTORIC TRANSFORMATION. 136 00:18:45,090 --> 00:18:48,927 >> WE'RE RE-IMAGINING OUR FACTORIES, ON OUR ASSEMBLY PLANTS. THEY'RE ALREADY ROLLING OUR 137 00:18:48,994 --> 00:18:59,638 PLUG-IN HYBRIDS, AS WELL AS LOOKING TO TWO NEW BATTERY JOINT VENTURES THAT ARE IN FULL CONSTRUCTION RIGHT NOW. 138 00:18:59,705 --> 00:19:04,643 >> THE NEW INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. >> IT ABSOLUTELY IS. IT'S REALLY THE -- THE BIGGEST 139 00:19:04,710 --> 00:19:10,816 TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN OUR INDUSTRY IN NEARLY 100 YEARS. >> WE WERE DOWN IN THE SALTON SEA REGION, THEY BELIEVE THEY 140 00:19:10,883 --> 00:19:16,455 CAN SUPPLY THE LITHIUM NEEDS FOR ALL AMERICAN CAR MANUFACTURERS. >> ABSOLUTELY, THAT IS THE CASE. >> WHATEVER THEY CAN PRODUCE, 141 00:19:16,522 --> 00:19:24,830 YOU GUYS WILL BE BUYING IT? >> WE FOR SURE WILL TAKE AS MUCH AS WE CAN GET AND AS MUCH AS WE HAVE, WE HAVE ALREADY SECURED 142 00:19:24,897 --> 00:19:29,334 EARLY. >> LITHIUM IS KEY TO POWERING ELECTRIC CARS. THE DENSE METAL HELPS MAKE 143 00:19:29,401 --> 00:19:37,843 BATTERIES RECHARGEABLE. THERE'S A LOT OF IT AROUND, BUT EXTRACTING LITHIUM IS DIRTY BUSINESS. 144 00:19:37,910 --> 00:19:44,550 MOST COMES FROM ROCK MINES IN AUSTRALIA, OR AS POWDER EVAPORATED FROM MINERAL PONDS IN SOUTH AMERICA. 145 00:19:44,616 --> 00:19:52,858 THE U.S. HAS ONE LITHIUM EVAPORATION PLANT IN NEVADA. ENERGYSOURCE PLANS TO BREAK GROUND ON A CLEAN, BILLION 146 00:19:52,925 --> 00:19:58,530 DOLLAR FACILITY HERE BY THE SALTON SEA IN THE NEXT FEW MONTHS. >> SO THE PLANT WILL FIT IN THIS 147 00:19:58,597 --> 00:20:08,340 SPOT RIGHT HERE? >> CORRECT. THAT SPOT RIGHT THERE. >> THAT'S NOT A BIG FOOTPRINT. 148 00:20:08,407 --> 00:20:12,744 >> NO. >> WHAT ARE THESE? >> WE CALL THEM THE MUD POTS. AND THEY ARE CO2 CENTS, HOT CO2 149 00:20:12,811 --> 00:20:17,482 WITH FLUID THAT'S BUBBLING TO THE SURFACE. >> SO THIS IS EVIDENCE OF THE HEAT AND ACTIVITY GOING ON 150 00:20:17,549 --> 00:20:23,288 UNDERGROUND? >> CORRECT. >> THE 600-DEGREE GEOTHERMAL BRINE THAT POWERS THE REGION'S 151 00:20:23,355 --> 00:20:32,030 ELECTRIC PLANTS COMES FROM MORE THAN A MILE BENEATH THE EARTH. THE BOILING BRINE PRODUCES CLEAN STEAM, WHICH DRIVES TURBINES TO 152 00:20:32,097 --> 00:20:41,039 GENERATE ENOUGH ELECTRICITY TO POWER 400,000 HOMES. IN THE PAST, THE MINERAL-RICH BRINE WAS SIMPLY RETURNED TO THE 153 00:20:41,106 --> 00:20:48,614 EARTH. NOW ENERGYSOURCE PLANS TO EXTEND THE PROCESS AND EXTRACT LITHIUM FROM THE BRINE BEFORE 154 00:20:48,680 --> 00:20:59,458 REINJECTING IT UNDERGROUND. >> OUR PROCESS IN COMBINATION WITH THIS RESOURCE WILL BE THE CLEANEST, MOST EFFICIENT LITHIUM 155 00:20:59,524 --> 00:21:06,431 PROCESS IN THE WORLD. >> AND HOW LONG BEFORE THE LITHIUM PROCESSED HERE WILL BE IN COMMERCIAL USE IN THE U.S.? 156 00:21:06,498 --> 00:21:14,973 >> IN 2025. >> A LOT OF THE COMPONENTS THAT GO INTO THE BATTERIES HAVE BEEN COMING FROM, YOU KNOW, ANYWHERE 157 00:21:15,040 --> 00:21:25,350 AROUND THE WORLD BUT AMERICA. >> WHY WAS THAT? >> WE HAVE A LOT OF DECENT RESOURCES IN NORTH AMERICA, 158 00:21:25,417 --> 00:21:33,725 THEY'VE JUST BEEN UNDEVELOPED. >> DAVID DEAK WORKED FOR TESLA, TRAVELING THE WORLD TO FIND THE BST SOURCES OF LITHIUM AS IT 159 00:21:33,792 --> 00:21:41,867 WAS BUILDING UP PRODUCTION OF ITS ELECTRIC VEHICLES, OR EVs. TESLA TURNED TO THE LITHIUM-ION BATTERY TO POWER ITS CARS, THE 160 00:21:41,933 --> 00:21:47,305 SAME KIND OF RECHARGEABLE BATTERY SONY FIRST MASS-PRODUCED FOR ITS CAMCORDERS. >> THERE WAS A NEW MARKET FOR 161 00:21:47,372 --> 00:21:52,477 CONSUMER ELECTRONICS. BUT THE VAST MAJORITY IS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES. >> AND THAT WAS PRETTY MUCH 162 00:21:52,544 --> 00:22:02,721 TRIGGERED BY TESLA? >> TRIGGERED BY TESLA. ALSO, YOU KNOW, THERE'S A LOT OF EV GROWTH AND EV DEMAND AND 163 00:22:02,788 --> 00:22:09,394 PRODUCTION IN CHINA. THAT'S BEEN A BIG PART OF IT, BIG PART OF THE GLOBAL LITHIUM DEMAND STORY. 164 00:22:09,461 --> 00:22:13,999 >> COME ON IN. >> DEAK IS NOW ENERGYSOURCE'S CHIEF DEVELOPMENT OFFICER, AND SAYS HE HAD A EUREKA MOMENT WHEN 165 00:22:14,066 --> 00:22:20,005 HE SAW ITS UNIQUE TECHNOLOGY. AT THE COMPANY'S LAB, DEAK SHOWED US THE MECHANICS IN MINIATURE. 166 00:22:20,072 --> 00:22:29,314 THE FULL-SIZED PLANT WILL BE 100 TIMES LARGER. >> SO WHAT GOES ON INSIDE THIS CYLINDER? 167 00:22:29,381 --> 00:22:35,554 IS IT PELLETS? OR WHAT, WHAT IS THE MATRIX -- >> YEAH. THINK OF IT AS BEADS IN A 168 00:22:35,620 --> 00:22:40,392 COLUMN, MUCH LIKE THE ACTIVATED CARBON THAT YOU WOULD FIND IN A BRITA FILTER. IT WORKS IN A SIMILAR CONCEPT. 169 00:22:40,459 --> 00:22:49,434 A BRITA FILTER WILL FILTER ALL IMPURITIES OUT OF WATER. THIS SORBENT IS SOMETHING THAT WOULD ONLY TAKE IN LITHIUM, AND 170 00:22:49,501 --> 00:22:56,708 NOT ABSORB EVERYTHING ELSE. >> THE SYSTEM TAKES JUST A FEW HOURS TO TURN THIS ORANGE BRINE INTO THIS CLEAR LITHIUM 171 00:22:56,775 --> 00:23:01,246 SOLUTION, WHICH WILL BE DRIED INTO POWDER. >> AND THIS IS WHAT EVERYBODY'S LOOKING FOR. 172 00:23:01,313 --> 00:23:09,387 >> THAT'S WHAT EVERYONE WANTS. >> HERE BY THE SALTON SEA, ENERGYSOURCE IS LEADING THE RACE FOR LITHIUM. 173 00:23:09,454 --> 00:23:20,499 WARREN BUFFETT'S BHE RENEWABLES RUNS TEN GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS IN THE REGION. AND THERE'S ANOTHER ON THE 174 00:23:20,565 --> 00:23:26,738 DRAWING BOARD BY AN AUSTRALIAN COMPANY, CONTROLLED THERMAL RESOURCES. BOTH VENTURES ARE MOVING TO TAP 175 00:23:26,805 --> 00:23:35,480 THE PROMISE BUBBLING UNDER THE EARTH. >> CEO ROD COLWELL TOLD US CONTROLLED THERMAL RESOURCES HAD 176 00:23:35,547 --> 00:23:46,391 BEEN FINE-TUNING THE PROCESS AT THIS TEST FACILITY FOR 90 DAYS. >> WE'RE PRODUCING LITHIUM FROM LIVE BRINE. 177 00:23:46,458 --> 00:23:53,331 HERE BEHIND US, THIS IS OUR OPTIMIZATION PLANT. >> BASED ON WHAT IT LEARNS HERE, CONTROLLED THERMAL RESOURCES 178 00:23:53,398 --> 00:23:59,271 PLANS TO BUILD A NEW PLANT FOR RECOVERING LITHIUM, WHICH COSTS ABOUT $4,000 A TON TO EXTRACT AND CURRENTLY IS SELLING FOR SIX 179 00:23:59,337 --> 00:24:05,143 TIMES MORE. >> THE NOISE IS FROM THE MACHINES COOLING 600-DEGREE BRINE RISING FROM THE WELL, 180 00:24:05,210 --> 00:24:11,616 RELEASING STEAM. >> THIS IS A BATTERY-GRADE PRODUCT FROM SALTON SEA BRINE. >> THIS FOR YOU IS EUREKA? 181 00:24:11,683 --> 00:24:18,857 >> THIS IS ABSOLUTELY EUREKA, YES. >> ROD COLWELL TOLD US THIS BOTTLE OF CLEAR LITHIUM CHLORIDE 182 00:24:18,924 --> 00:24:26,031 IS THE PURIST PRODUCT FROM THIS TEST FACILITY SO FAR. >> THIS IS THE FIRST TIME THIS HAS BEEN IN MY HANDS SINCE IT 183 00:24:26,097 --> 00:24:33,672 HAPPENED LAST NIGHT, BILL. SO I MIGHT TAKE THAT HOME WITH ME. [ LAUGHTER ] 184 00:24:33,738 --> 00:24:42,414 THAT'S ABOUT $10 WORTH OF LITHIUM RIGHT THERE. SO... >> YOU KNOW IT WORKS. 185 00:24:42,480 --> 00:24:48,286 >> WE KNOW IT WORKS. >> THE QUESTION HERE IN THE SALTON SEA BASIN IS WILL IT WORK FOR EVERYONE? 186 00:24:48,353 --> 00:24:53,525 THIS RICH LITHIUM RESOURCE LIES BENEATH ONE OF THE POOREST SECTIONS OF CALIFORNIA. >> THE SALTON SEA WAS CREATED 187 00:24:53,592 --> 00:24:59,431 WHEN THE COLORADORIVER FLOODED THE BASIN IN 1905. BUT FOR THE PAST 50 YEARS THE MAIN SOURCE OF WATER HAS BEEN 188 00:24:59,497 --> 00:25:05,303 CHEMICAL-LADEN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF. AND FOR DECADES NOW THE SEA HAS BEEN EVAPORATING AND SHRINKING. 189 00:25:05,370 --> 00:25:11,643 A ONCE THRIVING TOURIST INDUSTRY HAS BEEN REPLACED BY ENVIRONMENTAL DECAY, TOXIC DUST, AND ECONOMIC HARDSHIP. 190 00:25:11,710 --> 00:25:19,584 AND WITH UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE REGION HOVERING AROUND 16%, THERE'S A LOT RIDING ON TURNING THE IMPERIAL VALLEY INTO LITHIUM 191 00:25:19,651 --> 00:25:26,992 VALLEY. >> GOVERNOR NEWSOM CALLED IT, YOU KNOW, THE SAUDI ARABIA OF LITHIUM. 192 00:25:27,058 --> 00:25:32,764 I THINK, YOU KNOW, IT CAN CHANGE THE LANDSCAPE OF THE REGION. >> FRANK RUIZ, THE AUDUBON SOCIETY'S LOCAL PROGRAM 193 00:25:32,831 --> 00:25:41,773 DIRECTOR, IS FIGHTING TO INCLUDE THE COMMUNITY IN THAT CHANGE. HE WAS A COMMISSIONER ON THE STATE PANEL STUDYING HOW THE 194 00:25:41,840 --> 00:25:50,815 ENTIRE REGION CAN BENEFIT FROM THE POTENTIAL UNDERGROUND. >> YOU'RE AN ENVIRONMENTALIST. HOW DO YOU RECONCILE THE 195 00:25:50,882 --> 00:25:55,620 INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THIS AREA WITH SAVING THE WILDLIFE AND THE COMMUNITIES? >> WE NEED TO LEARN HOW TO 196 00:25:55,687 --> 00:26:00,892 BALANCE THE TABLES. THE LITHIUM INDUSTRY CAN BE REALLY GOOD, YOU KNOW, FOR THESE COMMUNITIES. 197 00:26:00,959 --> 00:26:07,332 IT CAN, YOU KNOW, IT CAN PROVIDE BETTER PAID JOBS. IT CAN PROVIDE MORE JOB OPPORTUNITIES, ESPECIALLY FOR 198 00:26:07,399 --> 00:26:15,307 THE YOUNGER FOLKS. IT CAN PROVIDE THE REVENUES, YOU KNOW, TO OFFSET THE CHALLENGES THAT WE HAVE HERE AT THE SALTON 199 00:26:15,373 --> 00:26:23,248 SEA. >> GEOLOGISTS PREDICT ONCE THE INDUSTRY IS FULLY OPERATIONAL, THE LITHIUM UNDERGROUND SHOULD 200 00:26:23,315 --> 00:26:29,020 LAST FOR GENERATIONS BEFORE RUNNING OUT. GOOD NEWS FOR STELLANTIS, WHICH RAN OUT OF BATTERIES FOR ITS 201 00:26:29,087 --> 00:26:36,261 PLUG-IN HYBRID JEEP WRANGLER LAST YEAR. >> WE SOLD OUT. >> WHAT HAPPENED? 202 00:26:36,328 --> 00:26:42,267 >> THE UH -- IF I COULD TURN BACK MY CRYSTAL BALL, BILL, I WOULD HAVE SECURED A LITTLE MORE CAPACITY FOR -- FOR LAST YEAR. 203 00:26:42,334 --> 00:26:48,640 >> TO PREVENT THAT FROM HAPPENING IN THE FUTURE, MARK STEWART AND STELLANTIS HAVE COMMITTED TO BUYING LITHIUM FROM 204 00:26:48,707 --> 00:26:57,115 CONTROLLED THERMAL RESOURCES AT THE SALTON SEA, KNOWING IT WILL BE YEARS BEFORE ITS PRODUCT IS COMMERCIALLY VIABLE. 205 00:26:57,182 --> 00:27:03,588 >> WE SECURED A LARGE SUPPLY FROM THEM OVER A TEN-YEAR PERIOD BECAUSE WE ARE VERY POSITIVE ON THEIR TECHNOLOGY. 206 00:27:03,655 --> 00:27:10,996 >> SO IS CARMAKER GENERAL MOTORS, WHICH HAS INVESTED IN CONTROLLED THERMAL RESOURCES. THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND 207 00:27:11,062 --> 00:27:17,335 U.S. AUTOMAKERS ARE EAGER FOR DOMESTIC LITHIUM. THE COMPANIES WERE STUNG WHEN THE PANDEMIC DISRUPTED THE 208 00:27:17,402 --> 00:27:26,111 WORLDWIDE SUPPLY CHAIN, STALLING SHIPMENTS OF MICROCHIPS, PARTS AND BATTERIES. STILL TODAY, THREE-QUARTERS OF 209 00:27:26,177 --> 00:27:33,218 ALL LITHIUM BATTERIES ARE PROCESSED IN ASIA. >> CURRENT LITHIUM, WHAT TYPICALLY HAPPENS, RIGHT, IT'S 210 00:27:33,284 --> 00:27:39,591 MINED IN ONE SPOT. IT'S MOVED ACROSS THE WORLD FOR PROCESSING AND COMES BACK. THINK OF ALL THAT ADDITIONAL 211 00:27:39,657 --> 00:27:44,896 COST. THINK OF ALL THAT ADDITIONAL CARBON THAT'S BEING USED TO DO THAT. 212 00:27:44,963 --> 00:27:52,337 AND, AT THE END, SOMEONE PAYS FOR IT. AND THAT'S A CONSUMER. >> SO WILL HAVING THIS DOMESTIC 213 00:27:52,404 --> 00:27:57,642 SUPPLY OF LITHIUM HELP KEEP THE COST OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES DOWN? >> IT WILL CERTAINLY HELP. >> PRICES FOR ELECTRIC CARS ARE 214 00:27:57,709 --> 00:28:03,548 COMING DOWN AND ARE PROJECTED TO BE ON PAR WITH GAS VEHICLES WITHIN A FEW YEARS, DRIVEN, IN PART, BY THE TAX INCENTIVES IN 215 00:28:03,615 --> 00:28:11,456 THE 2022 INFLATION REDUCTION ACT. ERIC SPOMER OF ENERGYSOURCE TOLD US THE TAX BENEFITS HAVE ALSO 216 00:28:11,523 --> 00:28:22,600 BEEN A CATALYST FOR DEVELOPING DOMESTIC LITHIUM. >> WE'RE STARTING TO SEE BIG ANNOUNCEMENTS OF INVESTMENTS TO 217 00:28:22,667 --> 00:28:28,973 CREATE THAT DOMESTIC DEMAND SO IT DOESN'T EVER HAVE TO GO ACROSS AN OCEAN. >> THIS SEEMS LIKE THIS IS A 218 00:28:29,040 --> 00:28:34,846 GAME CHANGER FOR AMERICAN INDUSTRY? >> IT'S A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE. IT'S AN OPPORTUNITY THAT WE CAN 219 00:28:34,913 --> 00:28:38,483 BE A LEADER GLOBALLY. AND WHY NOT LEAD? 220 00:28:51,096 --> 00:28:56,668 >>> WHEN RUSSIA INVADED UKRAINE LAST YEAR, JAMES NACHTWEY PACKED UP HIS CAMERAS AND KEVLAR VEST AND RUSHED TO THE FRONT LINES. 221 00:28:56,734 --> 00:29:02,874 NACHTWEY IS ONE OF THE GREATEST WAR PHOTOGRAPHERS OF ALL TIME. OVER THE LAST FOUR DECADES, HE'S COVERED NEARLY EVERY ARMED 222 00:29:02,941 --> 00:29:09,514 CONFLICT IN THE WORLD. HE WAS SHOT IN THE LEG IN THAILAND, WOUNDED BY A BOMB IN EL SALVADOR, A MORTAR IN BEIRUT, 223 00:29:09,581 --> 00:29:17,655 AND A GRENADE IN IRAQ THAT WAS TOSSED INTO A HUMVEE HE WAS RIDING IN. JAMES NACHTWEY IS 75 NOW, AND AS 224 00:29:17,722 --> 00:29:23,928 WE FOUND OUT TRYING TO KEEP UP WITH HIM OVER THE PAST YEAR, STILL RISKING HIS LIFE TO CAPTURE IMAGES THAT MAY BE 225 00:29:23,995 --> 00:29:32,470 DIFFICULT TO LOOK AT...BUT IMPORTANT TO NEVER FORGET. >> IN THE DARKEST TIMES AND IN THE MOST DANGEROUS PLACES, JAMES 226 00:29:32,537 --> 00:29:40,812 NACHTWEY CAPTURES BEAUTY AND BRUTALITY. MOMENTS OF HATE AND HEROISM, SENSELESS DESTRUCTION, AND QUIET 227 00:29:40,879 --> 00:29:50,054 ACTS OF COMPASSION. HIS PHOTOGRAPHS REVEAL THE DEEPEST AND OFTEN DISTURBING DEPTHS OF WHO WE ARE AND WHAT WE 228 00:29:50,121 --> 00:29:56,027 DO TO EACH OTHER. >> YOU'VE SAID THAT PHOTOGRAPHS CAN SPEAK, AND I'M WONDERING IF YOU FEEL LIKE YOU'RE -- YOU'RE 229 00:29:56,094 --> 00:30:04,068 HELPING GIVE VOICE TO SOME OF THE PEOPLE YOU PHOTOGRAPH. >> WELL, MANY OF THE PEOPLE I PHOTOGRAPHED ARE MARGINALIZED BY 230 00:30:04,135 --> 00:30:13,077 THE POWERS THAT BE, THAT THEY'RE SILENCED, THEY'RE MADE INVISIBLE. SO WHEN SOMEONE COMES FROM 231 00:30:13,144 --> 00:30:20,418 ANOTHER PART OF THE WORLD AND HE ASSUMES RISK TO TELL THEIR STORY, I THINK PEOPLE SEE US AS A KIND OF MESSENGER. 232 00:30:20,485 --> 00:30:29,027 >> NACHTWEY HAS DEVOTED HIS LIFE TO TELLING OTHER PEOPLE'S STORIES, BEARING WITNESS TO THEIR SUFFERING AND SACRIFICES. 233 00:30:29,093 --> 00:30:34,999 BUT DOCUMENTING WHAT HE CALLS "THE INSANITY OF WAR" HAS BEEN THE CORE OF HIS CAREER. HE'S SPENT DECADES COVERING 234 00:30:35,066 --> 00:30:41,573 CONFLICTS IN AFGHANISTAN AND THE MIDDLE EAST, THE WAR IN BOSNIA, AND THE GENOCIDE IN RWANDA WHEN AS MANY AS A MILLION PEOPLE 235 00:30:41,639 --> 00:30:47,345 DIED. >> SOME PHOTOGRAPHERS HAVE TALKED ABOUT THEIR CAMERA AS A WEAPON. 236 00:30:47,412 --> 00:30:53,117 DO YOU THINK OF YOUR CAMERA IN THAT WAY? >> I THINK IT'S A WAY OF LOOKING AT IT. 237 00:30:53,184 --> 00:30:58,856 BECAUSE, IN A WAY, YOU'RE -- YOU MIGHT BE FIGHTING FOR PEACE OR FIGHTING AGAINST AN INJUSTICE, AND THE WAY YOU DO IT IS BY 238 00:30:58,923 --> 00:31:05,563 INFORMING PEOPLE ABOUT IT, WITH THE FAITH THAT PEOPLE WILL WANT SOMETHING DONE ABOUT IT. >> IN UKRAINE AT THE START OF 239 00:31:05,630 --> 00:31:13,972 THE WAR, NACHTWEY WORKED IN AND AROUND KYIV AND KHARKIV FOR "THE NEW YORKER" MAGAZINE. THESE ARE IMAGES HE TOOK IN 240 00:31:14,038 --> 00:31:18,843 BUCHA SHORTLY AFTER RUSSIAN TROOPS PULLED OUT, LEAVING BEHIND THE BODIES OF CIVILIANS THEY'D EXECUTED. 241 00:31:18,910 --> 00:31:26,618 >> BUCHA WAS HORRENDOUS. IT WAS REALLY, LIKE, KIND OF BUTCHERY. >> IN TERMS OF BRUTALITY, OF ALL 242 00:31:26,684 --> 00:31:31,856 THE MILITARIES YOU HAVE SEEN, DOES THE RUSSIAN MILITARY STAND APART IN UKRAINE FOR THEIR BEHAVIOR? 243 00:31:31,923 --> 00:31:38,363 >> SOMEHOW THE RUSSIANS HAVE STOOD APART, AND NOT ONLY IN UKRAINE, BUT IN CHECHNYA. >> NACHTWEY WAS IN CHECHNYA'S 244 00:31:38,429 --> 00:31:50,341 CAPITAL GROZNY FOR WEEKS IN 1995 AND '96, AS RUSSIAN FORCES RELENTLESSLY BOMBARDED THE CITY. >> THE PART THAT WAS INHABITED 245 00:31:50,408 --> 00:31:56,914 BY THE CHECHENS WAS POUNDED INTO RUBBLE FROM ARTILLERY AND ROCKET FIRE AND AIRSTRIKES FOR WEEKS AND WEEKS ON END, WITH THE 246 00:31:56,981 --> 00:32:03,988 CIVILIAN POPULATION TRAPPED INSIDE. THEY'VE TAKEN THAT TO UKRAINE, BUT IT'S THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. 247 00:32:04,055 --> 00:32:11,729 >> IN KHARKIV IN EASTERN UKRAINE, LAST YEAR WE WATCHED NACHTWEY AS HE WORKED, PHOTOGRAPHING A MAN LIVING IN A 248 00:32:11,796 --> 00:32:16,467 CRAWL SPACE UNDER A BUILDING TO AVOID SHELLING. MONTHS LATER, BACK IN HIS NEW HAMPSHIRE STUDIO, NACHTWEY 249 00:32:16,534 --> 00:32:21,506 SHOWED US SOME OF THE IMAGES HE'D TAKEN. >> WHAT MADE THIS AN IMAGE THAT SPOKE TO YOU? 250 00:32:21,572 --> 00:32:31,516 >> THE EXPRESSION ON HIS FACE. IF YOU REALLY LOOK CAREFULLY AT HIS EYES, YOU CAN SEE THERE'S TERROR IN HIS EYES. 251 00:32:31,582 --> 00:32:39,324 HE'D JUST BEEN LIVING IN A STATE OF TERROR FOR QUITE A WHILE. >> THIS PHOTOGRAPH WAS TAKEN IN A KYIV SUBURB OF CIVILIANS 252 00:32:39,390 --> 00:32:43,561 EVACUATING ACROSS A MAKESHIFT BRIDGE. >> THESE ARE SPLIT SECONDS THAT ARE OCCURRING. 253 00:32:43,628 --> 00:32:49,701 YOU CAN BE RUNNING AND TAKING A PICTURE... >> QUITE OFTEN I'M RUNNING, AND I HAVE TO TRY AND MAKE A 254 00:32:49,767 --> 00:32:55,907 COMPOSITION, GET IT IN FOCUS, AND CATCH THE MOMENT. >> PEOPLE TALK ABOUT YOUR USE OF HANDS IN IMAGES. 255 00:32:55,973 --> 00:33:02,480 IS THAT SOMETHING YOU'RE CONSCIOUS OF? >> I'M EXTREMELY CONSCIOUS OF HANDS AND EYES. 256 00:33:02,547 --> 00:33:08,486 I THINK THOSE ARE THE TWO MOST EXPRESSIVE PARTS OF PEOPLE. >> THIS IS A REALLY GOOD EXAMPLE HERE. 257 00:33:08,553 --> 00:33:18,696 >> THAT'S THE CENTER OF THE PICTURE, THE OLD MAN'S HAND REACHING FOR SUPPORT TO BE HELD UP BY THE VOLUNTEER. 258 00:33:18,763 --> 00:33:23,935 >> HOW MANY SCENES LIKE THIS HAVE YOU SEEN IN YOUR LIFE? >> TOO MANY. >> DECADES OF NACHTWEY'S 259 00:33:24,001 --> 00:33:28,506 PHOTOGRAPHS ARE ON DISPLAY IN A TRAVELING EXHIBITION CALLED MEMORIA. WHEN IT STOPPED IN NEW YORK, HE 260 00:33:28,573 --> 00:33:33,745 SHOWED US SOME OF THE 67 STUNNING IMAGES IN IT. >> THESE ARE THE ORPHANAGES IN ROMANIA. 261 00:33:33,811 --> 00:33:39,350 >> IN 1990, NACHTWEY HELPED REVEAL THE SHOCKING SQUALOR AND NEGLECT IN ROMANIA'S STATE-RUN ORPHANAGES. 262 00:33:39,417 --> 00:33:44,956 >> THE CRIBS WERE JUST PACKED TOGETHER. THE CHILDREN WERE IN THE CRIBS AND THEY WEREN'T TAKEN OUT TO 263 00:33:45,022 --> 00:33:50,895 PLAY. THERE WAS -- ALMOST LIKE IN PRISON, IN A WAY. >> HIS PHOTOGRAPHS, PUBLISHED IN 264 00:33:50,962 --> 00:33:56,801 "THE NEW YORK TIMES" MAGAZINE, HELPED LEAD TO AN INTERNATIONAL EFFORT TO RESCUE THESE CHILDREN. >> HOW DOES A CHILD WHO'S, WHAT, 265 00:33:56,868 --> 00:34:04,308 3 YEARS OLD MAYBE HAVE A LOOK LIKE THAT IN HIS EYES? >> OTHER WALLS IN THE EXHIBITION WERE LINED WITH CASUALTIES OF 266 00:34:04,375 --> 00:34:11,082 WAR, A FAMILY MOURNING IN BOSNIA, A FATHER PROTECTING HIS WOUNDED DAUGHTER FROM GUNFIRE IN EL SALVADOR. 267 00:34:11,149 --> 00:34:19,724 >> THOSE ARE MACHETE STRIKES? >> AND THIS MAN, A SURVIVOR OF A MACHETE ATTACK IN RWANDA. >> HE COULDN'T TALK. 268 00:34:19,791 --> 00:34:25,696 I APPROACHED HIM VERY SLOWLY. AND I JUST MADE EYE CONTACT WITH HIM. AND I SHOWED HIM MY CAMERA. 269 00:34:25,763 --> 00:34:31,436 AND HE ALLOWED ME TO TAKE THE PICTURE. HE EVEN TURNED HIS FACE MORE TOWARD THE LIGHT WITHOUT ME 270 00:34:31,502 --> 00:34:37,141 ASKING. >> THAT'S IMPORTANT TO YOU, THAT SOMEBODY GIVES THEIR PERMISSION IN A SITUATION LIKE THIS? 271 00:34:37,208 --> 00:34:43,581 >> I DON'T WANT TO FEEL LIKE I'M TAKING FROM PEOPLE. I WANT THEM TO FEEL LIKE THEY'RE PART OF WHAT I'M DOING. 272 00:34:43,648 --> 00:34:50,221 AND I THINK HE UNDERSTOOD WHAT HIS SCARS WOULD SAY TO THE REST OF THE WORLD. >> DO YOU GET DEPRESSED BY IT? 273 00:34:50,288 --> 00:35:02,433 DO YOU CRY? DO YOU GET ANGRY? >> I'M ANGRY A LOT OF THE TIME. I MEAN, WHEN I SEE INNOCENT 274 00:35:02,500 --> 00:35:08,906 PEOPLE BEING PUSHED AROUND AND BULLIED, YEAH, I FIGHT DEPRESSION. IT -- THE THINGS ARE DEPRESSING. 275 00:35:08,973 --> 00:35:15,780 BUT I THINK IT'S A SENSE OF PURPOSE THAT, YOU KNOW, SORT OF DRIVES ME THROUGH THAT. >> YOU'VE SAID THAT YOU HAD TO 276 00:35:15,847 --> 00:35:21,252 LEARN HOW TO CHANNEL YOUR ANGER AS A JOURNALIST. >> I REALIZE ANGER CAN JUST THROW YOU OFF THE RAILS. 277 00:35:21,319 --> 00:35:27,358 SO I CHANNEL IT INTO THE PICTURES. AND I THINK MY PICTURES HAVE ANGER IN THEM, BUT THEY ALSO 278 00:35:27,425 --> 00:35:34,966 HAVE COMPASSION. >> IT WAS THIS IMAGE AND OTHERS TAKEN BY THE LEGENDARY LIFE MAGAZINE PHOTOGRAPHER LARRY 279 00:35:35,032 --> 00:35:41,205 BURROWS IN VIETNAM THAT OPENED NACHTWEY'S EYES TO THE POWER OF PICTURES WHEN HE WAS A STUDENT AT DARTMOUTH COLLEGE IN THE LATE 280 00:35:41,272 --> 00:35:48,746 1960s. BURROWS' PHOTOGRAPHS HAD A POINT OF VIEW, REVEALING THE REALITY OF WAR FOR SERVICE MEMBERS AND 281 00:35:48,813 --> 00:35:53,718 CIVILIANS ALIKE. >> HOW DID YOU START? >> I JUST STARTED COLD. I READ BOOKS. 282 00:35:53,784 --> 00:36:00,758 I WOULD CREATE ASSIGNMENTS FOR MYSELF, AND I WOULD GO OUT AS IF I WAS WORKING FOR AN EDITOR AND PRACTICE. 283 00:36:00,825 --> 00:36:05,396 >> WAIT, SO YOU WOULD JUST MAKE UP YOUR OWN ASSIGNMENTS? >> YES. I SAID, OKAY, "I'M GOING TO GO 284 00:36:05,463 --> 00:36:11,669 OUT ON THAT FISHING TRAWLER." YOU KNOW, MAKING BELIEVE, YOU KNOW, I WAS SHOOTING FOR "NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC" OR 285 00:36:11,736 --> 00:36:15,573 SOMETHING. >> HE LANDED A JOB TAKING PICTURES FOR THE ALBUQUERQUE JOURNAL IN 1976. 286 00:36:15,640 --> 00:36:21,646 THAT'S HIS PHOTO ON THE FRONT PAGE. BUT IT WASN'T UNTIL 1981, AFTER TEN YEARS OF TRAINING, THAT 287 00:36:21,712 --> 00:36:27,051 NACHTWEY FELT READY TO PHOTOGRAPH ARMED CONFLICT. HE BOUGHT A TICKET TO BELFAST, NORTHERN IRELAND, WHERE RIOTS 288 00:36:27,118 --> 00:36:31,889 AND STREET BATTLES WERE ESCALATING. >> DID YOU KNOW PEOPLE THERE? >> I DIDN'T KNOW ANYONE. 289 00:36:31,956 --> 00:36:38,629 I WAS GREEN. I JUST THREW MYSELF INTO IT. >> HIS PHOTOGRAPHS FROM THERE WERE PUBLISHED BY NEWSWEEK 290 00:36:38,696 --> 00:36:49,507 MAGAZINE. >> I FELT THAT I WAS IN THE MIDST OF HISTORY AS IT WAS HAPPENING, AND I WAS DOCUMENTING 291 00:36:49,574 --> 00:36:54,645 IT AND THAT WAS REALLY AN EXCITING FEELING. >> YOU WERE ON THE BREAKING WAVE OF HISTORY. 292 00:36:54,712 --> 00:36:59,250 >> I MEAN, ISN'T THAT WHAT PHOTOGRAPHERS DO? BECAUSE NOTHING'S BEEN WRITTEN. A SITUATION IS HAPPENING, WE 293 00:36:59,317 --> 00:37:04,455 ACTUALLY DON'T KNOW WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN IN THE NEXT MOMENT. ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN. >> HIS UNFLINCHING COVERAGE OF 294 00:37:04,522 --> 00:37:09,694 THE CIVIL WARS IN CENTRAL AMERICA IN THE 1980s CEMENTED NACHTWEY'S REPUTATION AND EARNED HIM A CONTRACT WITH "TIME" 295 00:37:09,760 --> 00:37:18,536 MAGAZINE, WHERE HIS WORK APPEARED FOR THE NEXT 34 YEARS. >> IN SOUTH AFRICA IN THE EARLY 1990s, NACHTWEY COVERED THE 296 00:37:18,603 --> 00:37:24,175 VIOLENT END OF APARTHEID AND THE BLOOD-SOAKED BIRTH OF A NEW DEMOCRACY. HE WAS THERE WHEN ANOTHER 297 00:37:24,241 --> 00:37:29,981 PHOTOJOURNALIST KEVIN OOSTERBROOK WAS SHOT TO DEATH AND TWO OTHER COLLEAGUES WOUNDED. 298 00:37:30,047 --> 00:37:37,288 >> WE WERE DOWN ON THE GROUND, TRYING TO NOT BE TARGETS OF INCOMING FIRE. AND YOU CAN SEE MY HAIR PART 299 00:37:37,355 --> 00:37:42,326 FROM THE BULLET GOING THROUGH MY HAIR. >> YOU ACTUALLY FELT THE BULLET GOING THROUGH YOUR HAIR? 300 00:37:42,393 --> 00:37:47,098 >> YOU CAN ACTUALLY SEE IT ON THE FILM. >> HERE IT IS AGAIN IN SLOW MOTION, AS NACHTWEY IN THE WHITE 301 00:37:47,164 --> 00:37:54,338 SHIRT MOVED TO REACH HIS INJURED COLLEAGUE, A BULLET, LIKE A GUST OF WIND, GRAZED HIS HAIR. >> YOU'VE COME CLOSE MANY TIMES 302 00:37:54,405 --> 00:38:01,078 TO BEING KILLED. IS IT WORTH IT FOR THESE IMAGES? >> IT'S NOT FOR ANY ONE IMAGE. IT'S FOR THE JOB ITSELF. 303 00:38:01,145 --> 00:38:08,819 I DECIDED A LONG TIME AGO THAT IF I WAS GOING TO DO THIS, I WOULD HAVE TO PUT MYSELF AT RISK, AND ANYTHING COULD HAPPEN. 304 00:38:08,886 --> 00:38:15,993 >> YOU CLEARLY MADE A COMMITMENT THAT THIS WAS WORTH SACRIFICING FOR, WORTH SACRIFICING HAVING A FAMILY FOR. 305 00:38:16,060 --> 00:38:25,536 >> I REALIZED THAT IF I WERE TO PURSUE WHAT I'M DOING, AND I WAS VERY DRIVEN TO DO THAT, I WOULDN'T BE A GOOD FATHER. 306 00:38:25,603 --> 00:38:31,609 I WOULDN'T BE A GOOD HUSBAND, AND ALL THAT WOULD FALL APART. I JUST DIDN'T WANT THAT TO HAPPEN. 307 00:38:31,676 --> 00:38:39,517 SO I HAD TO FOREGO IT. >> NACHTWEY LIVES IN HANOVER, NEW HAMPSHIRE, WHERE HE WENT TO COLLEGE, THOUGH HE IS RARELY 308 00:38:39,583 --> 00:38:45,523 THERE FOR LONG. >> HIS LIFE'S WORK, NEARLY A MILLION IMAGES, HAS BEEN ACQUIRED BY DARTMOUTH, INCLUDING 309 00:38:45,589 --> 00:38:52,930 HIS WRENCHING COVERAGE OF THE OPIOID EPIDEMIC IN THE U.S., AND CONTACT SHEETS FROM THE MORNING OF SEPTEMBER 11th. 310 00:38:52,997 --> 00:38:58,302 NACHTWEY WAS JUST BLOCKS AWAY WHEN THE TOWERS WERE HIT. >> SO THAT'S THE FIRST IMAGE... >> YES. 311 00:38:58,369 --> 00:39:04,475 THAT'S ROLL ONE. THAT'S THE FIRST PICTURE RIGHT THERE. >> THE PROOF SHEETS ARE A SILENT 312 00:39:04,542 --> 00:39:10,114 REMINDER OF THE HORROR THAT DAY, BUT ALSO REVEAL HOW NACHTWEY WORKS. HE ISN'T JUST A PHOTOGRAPHER 313 00:39:10,181 --> 00:39:16,153 DOCUMENTING DESTRUCTION. HE'S A MAN IN SEARCH OF MEANING. >> ABOUT A BLOCK AND A HALF FROM THE SOUTH TOWER WAS A SMALL 314 00:39:16,220 --> 00:39:23,828 ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH WITH A CROSS ON THE TOP. AND I THOUGHT THAT WAS AN INTERESTING WAY OF FRAMING IT. 315 00:39:23,894 --> 00:39:30,668 IT SOMEHOW INDICATED THE CULTURAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WHO WAS BEING ATTACKED AND WHO WAS DOING THE ATTACKING. 316 00:39:30,735 --> 00:39:36,807 AND AS I WAS PHOTOGRAPHING IT, THE TOWER FELL. >> THAT'S WHAT'S HAPPENING RIGHT HERE? 317 00:39:36,874 --> 00:39:45,616 >> IT STARTS COLLAPSING AS I'M PHOTOGRAPHING IT. AND ALL OF THIS DEBRIS, THESE GIANT GIRDERS THAT MUST HAVE 318 00:39:45,683 --> 00:39:50,221 WEIGHED TONS, WERE FLYING THROUGH THE AIR. >> YOU WERE ABOUT TO GET KILLED? >> SO I FOUND MY WAY INTO THE 319 00:39:50,287 --> 00:39:54,992 LEE OF A BUILDING AND IT ALL FLEW OVER ME. >> DECADES OF CLOSE CALLS HAVE TAKEN THEIR TOLL ON JAMES 320 00:39:55,059 --> 00:40:02,133 NACHTWEY. HIS HEARING IS DAMAGED, AND HE HAS GRENADE SHRAPNEL IN HIS KNEES, STOMACH, AND FACE, BUT HE 321 00:40:02,199 --> 00:40:09,240 HAS NO PLANS ON RETIRING AND STILL FINDS REASONS TO HOPE IN HIS CAMERA'S VIEWFINDER. >> THAT LOOK OF JUST UTTER JOY 322 00:40:09,306 --> 00:40:15,946 AND... >> AS IN THIS IMAGE OF NELSON MANDELA ON THE EVE OF HIS ELECTION AS SOUTH AFRICA'S FIRST 323 00:40:16,013 --> 00:40:23,354 BLACK PRESIDENT IN 1994. >> HIS FIST IS IN THE AIR, WHICH IS A SYMBOL OF BOTH TRIUMPH AND DEFIANCE. 324 00:40:23,420 --> 00:40:28,959 >> AND THIS ONE, TAKEN TWO YEARS EARLIER OF SOUTH AFRICAN CHILDREN PLAYING ON A TRAMPOLINE. 325 00:40:29,026 --> 00:40:34,031 >> WHAT MADE YOU TAKE THIS PICTURE? >> THERE'S SOMETHING ABOUT THE INNOCENCE OF CHILDREN THAT'S 326 00:40:34,098 --> 00:40:41,639 TRANSCENDENT, AND TO BOUNCE ON A TRAMPOLINE, I THINK THAT YOU GET TO THE HEIGHT OF YOUR JUMP AND THEN FOR A MOMENT, YOU DEFY 327 00:40:41,705 --> 00:40:55,719 GRAVITY. AND I THINK THAT'S THE FEELING THAT I WANTED TO GET IN THIS PICTURE, THAT THEY'RE 328 00:40:55,786 --> 00:41:00,724 TRANSCENDING THE WEIGHT THAT HAS BEEN ON THEIR SOCIETY. >> PERHAPS IN THE END THAT IS WHAT JAMES NACHTWEY SHOWS US IN 329 00:41:00,791 --> 00:41:05,930 HIS WORK. THAT WE ARE ALL CAPABLE OF TRANSCENDING OUR CIRCUMSTANCES AND OURSELVES. 330 00:41:05,996 --> 00:41:10,968 WE CAN COMMIT TERRIBLE ACTS OF BRUTALITY AND BARBARISM, BUT ALSO STUNNING ACTS OF KINDNESS AND CARING. 331 00:41:11,035 --> 00:41:15,806 >> ARE YOU OPTIMISTIC ABOUT THE HUMAN SPECIES? I MEAN, YOU SEE THE WORST IN PEOPLE. 332 00:41:15,873 --> 00:41:25,282 >> I DON'T KNOW IF "OPTIMISM" IS EXACTLY THE RIGHT WORD. BUT IN THESE HORRIBLE SITUATIONS, WE SEE EVERYDAY 333 00:41:25,349 --> 00:41:31,689 CITIZENS DOING REMARKABLE THINGS FOR EACH OTHER. MOTHERS AND FATHERS ARE MY HEROES. 334 00:41:31,755 --> 00:41:40,464 WHAT THEY DO FOR THEIR CHILDREN. HOW THEY PROTECT THEM. BEING IN PLACES WHERE PEOPLE HAVE NEXT TO NOTHING AND, YET, 335 00:41:40,531 --> 00:41:48,138 ANYTHING THEY HAVE, THEY OFFER TO A STRANGER. THOSE ARE THE THINGS THAT WE ALL HAVE AND THAT ARE DISPLAYED IN 336 00:41:48,205 --> 00:41:53,811 THE WORST SITUATIONS THAT MAKES ME BELIEVE IN HUMANITY. 337 00:42:00,184 --> 00:42:05,389 >>> HOW JAMES NACHTWEY'S PHOTOS INSPIRED ANDERSON COOPER TO BECOME A JOURNALIST. >> YOU HAVE BEEN A PERSON WHO 338 00:42:05,456 --> 00:42:21,338 MADE ME INTERESTED IN WANTING TO DO THIS LINE OF WORK. >>> NOW, "THE LAST MINUTE" OF "60 MINUTES." 339 00:42:21,405 --> 00:42:28,279 >>> NEXT SUNDAY ON "60 MINUTES," OUR NEW CORRESPONDENT, CECILIA VEGA, HEADS FOR THE CARIBBEAN ISLAND OF DOMINICA, HOME OF A 340 00:42:28,345 --> 00:42:36,186 RARE POPULATION OF SPERM WHALES. SHE DIVES RIGHT IN FOR A CLOSE-UP LOOK AT THE WHALES AND THE EFFORT TO PROTECT THEM BY 341 00:42:36,253 --> 00:42:45,329 ESTABLISHING A MARINE RESERVE WHERE FISHING AND OTHER HARMFUL ACTIVITIES ARE BANNED. >> THERE IS A SENSE OF AWE THAT 342 00:42:45,396 --> 00:42:49,099 COMES WITH BEING IN THERE WITH HER. >> EVERY SINGLE TIME. >> YEAH. 343 00:42:49,166 --> 00:42:53,771 SHE WAS LOOKING RIGHT AT US. >> I'M SCOTT PELLEY. WE'LL BE BACK NEXT WEEK WITH CECILIA VEGA'S FIRST STORY ON 344 00:42:53,837 --> 00:43:11,388 ANOTHER EDITION OF "60 MINUTES."