1 00:00:11,778 --> 00:00:19,486 >>> THE JOY IN 2-YEAR-OLD MELANIA DEFIED BOTH CANCER AND WAR. BUT IF SHE WAS TO LIVE, HER 2 00:00:19,552 --> 00:00:31,698 FAMILY HAD TO ESCAPE UKRAINE. AS MISSILES FLEW AND DOCTORS RUSHED THE SICKEST CHILDREN UNDERGROUND, A RENOWNED AMERICAN 3 00:00:31,765 --> 00:00:41,007 HOSPITAL AND 21 COUNTRIES IMPROVISED A FLIGHT TO SAFETY CALLED THE CONVOY OF LIFE. >>> EARLIER THIS MONTH, THE 4 00:00:41,074 --> 00:00:47,914 SPORTING WORLD WAS STUNNED WHEN LIV GOLF, THE BREAKAWAY TOUR FUNDED BY SAUDI ARABIA, ENDED A BITTER LEGAL DISPUTE AND 5 00:00:47,981 --> 00:00:53,820 ABRUPTLY MERGED WITH THE PGA TOUR. IT BROUGHT A FRESH ROUND OF SCRUTINY TO SAUDI ARABIA'S 6 00:00:53,887 --> 00:01:02,595 LAVISHLY FUNDED FORAY INTO INTERNATIONAL SPORT, WHICH HAS SEEN ATHLETES LIKE SOCCER STAR CRISTIANO RONALDO TAKE HUNDREDS 7 00:01:02,662 --> 00:01:10,036 OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS FROM THE GOLF KINGDOM. IS SAUDI ARABIA SIMPLY RESETTING THE MARKET IN SPORTS OR USING 8 00:01:10,103 --> 00:01:18,478 SPORTS TO LAUNDER ITS IMAGE? ♪ >> IF YOU'VE BEEN TO THE MOVIES IN THE PAST 40 YEARS, YOU HAVE 9 00:01:18,545 --> 00:01:27,287 HEARD A HANS ZIMMER SCORE. ACTION, DRAMA, COMEDY, BLOCKBUSTERS. HE'S DONE THEM ALL. 10 00:01:27,353 --> 00:01:39,766 ♪ >> I WOULD DESCRIBE MYSELF AS SOMEBODY WHO'S DEEPLY IN LOVE WITH MUSIC AND DEEPLY IN LOVE 11 00:01:39,833 --> 00:01:46,005 WITH MOVIES. VERY NICE. >> I'M LESLEY STAHL. >> I'M BILL WHITAKER. 12 00:01:46,072 --> 00:01:51,644 >> I'M ANDERSON COOPER. >> I'M SHARYN ALFONSI. >> I'M JON WERTHEIM. >> I'M CECILIA VEGA. 13 00:01:51,711 --> 00:01:55,048 >> I'M SCOTT PELLEY. THOSE STORIES TONIGHT ON "60 MINUTES." 14 00:01:55,114 --> 00:02:03,923 -- Captions by VITAC -- www.vitac.com 15 00:02:03,990 --> 00:02:13,633 >>> RUSSIA IS ATTACKING CIVILIANS IN UKRAINE WITH NEW WAVES OF MISSILES AND RELENTLESS ASSAULTS THAT THE UNITED NATIONS 16 00:02:13,700 --> 00:02:20,907 CALLS WAR CRIMES. BUT EVEN BEFORE RUSSIA'S INVASION, MORE THAN A THOUSAND UKRAINIAN CHILDREN WERE ALREADY 17 00:02:20,974 --> 00:02:28,715 AT WAR. THEY WERE FIGHTING CANCER. AS WE FIRST REPORTED LAST WINTER, RUSSIAN ATTACKS ON 18 00:02:28,781 --> 00:02:34,888 HOSPITALS AND THE POWER GRID PUT THESE FRAGILE CHILDREN IN IMMEDIATE DANGER. THE FIRST LADY OF UKRAINE ASKED 19 00:02:34,954 --> 00:02:45,231 THE WORLD FOR HELP, AND A RENOWNED AMERICAN HOSPITAL AND 21 COUNTRIES ANSWERED THE CALL. WHAT FOLLOWED WAS AN IMPROVISED 20 00:02:45,298 --> 00:02:58,344 FLIGHT TO SAFETY THAT UKRAINE CALLED THE CONVOY OF LIFE. THE JOY IN 2-YEAR-OLD MELANIA DEFIED BOTH CANCER AND WAR. 21 00:02:58,411 --> 00:03:06,686 BUT IF SHE WAS TO LIVE, HER FAMILY HAD TO ESCAPE UKRAINE. IN FEBRUARY, HER MOTHER, ROKSOLANA SEMERAZ, JOINED THE 22 00:03:06,753 --> 00:03:17,597 JAM OF THOUSANDS OF REFUGEES STRUGGLING TO CROSS INTO POLAND. PEOPLE WERE WALKING FOR MILES, SHE TOLD US, LEAVING THEIR CARS 23 00:03:17,664 --> 00:03:27,273 AND BELONGINGS BEHIND. THEY WOULD ONLY TAKE WITH THEM THEIR MOST PRECIOUS ONES, THEIR CHILDREN AND PETS. 24 00:03:27,340 --> 00:03:36,482 MY HEART WAS TEARING APART. AT THE BORDER, ROKSOLANA'S DESPERATION ROSE WITH THE TEMPERATURE OF MELANIA'S CANCER 25 00:03:36,549 --> 00:03:46,492 DRUG SHE WAS CARRYING. IT HAD TO BE REFRIGERATED. BUT NOW THEY WERE TRAPPED. AFTER WAITING IN LINE AT THE 26 00:03:46,559 --> 00:03:53,499 BORDER FOR OVER 24 HOURS AND IT WOULD GET WARMER DURING THE DAY, I HAD NO STORAGE FOR THE MEDICATION, AND THAT'S WHEN I 27 00:03:53,566 --> 00:04:04,243 WOULD BECOME DESPERATE. I DIDN'T KNOW WHAT TO DO, HOW TO HAVE HOPE FOR THE TREATMENT OF MY CHILD. 28 00:04:04,310 --> 00:04:11,084 MOTHERS ACROSS UKRAINE WERE LOSING HOPE FOR THEIR SICK CHILDREN. THIS WAS THE SCENE IN THE 29 00:04:11,150 --> 00:04:21,961 CAPITAL KYIV OUTSIDE THE WINDOW OF OHMATDYT CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL. DR. LESIA LYSYTSIA TOLD US, AS THE MISSILES FLEW, SHE RUSHED 30 00:04:22,028 --> 00:04:31,204 PATIENTS TO THE BASEMENT, MANY ON CHEMOTHERAPY. ALL OF THE PATIENTS WERE VERY SICK, SHE TOLD US. 31 00:04:31,270 --> 00:04:41,814 BEING MOVED TO THE BASEMENT DEFINITELY DIDN'T DO ANY GOOD TO THEIR HEALTH. DR. LYSYTSIA SPECIALIZES IN EYE 32 00:04:41,881 --> 00:04:48,287 CANCER. AND IN THE TREATMENT ROOM, THEY DISPLAYED THEIR RAGE "WE ARE CONTINUING TO WORK DESPITE THE 33 00:04:48,354 --> 00:04:58,297 WAR AND WE ARE GOING TO WIN THIS WAR WITH RUSSIAN SOLDIERS AND KILL CANCER." MAYBE THEY DIDN'T NEED THE SIGN. 34 00:04:58,364 --> 00:05:09,108 DR. LYSYTSIA'S LOOK SAID IT ALL. SHE TOLD US, THEIR LIVES DEPEND ON THE HOSPITAL'S SUPPLIES, SUCH BASIC SUPPLIES AS BLOOD, FOR 35 00:05:09,175 --> 00:05:14,647 EXAMPLE. YOU CAN'T DELAY AN OPERATION FOR AN ONCOLOGY PATIENT FOR A WEEK OR TWO. 36 00:05:14,714 --> 00:05:23,790 YOU CAN'T STOP THEIR TREATMENT BECAUSE TIMING IS CRUCIAL. IF YOU DELAY CHEMOTHERAPY FOR TWO WEEKS, THEN YOU'VE LOST SOME 37 00:05:23,856 --> 00:05:33,499 PERCENTAGE OF THEIR CHANCE TO SURVIVE. THE PLIGHT OF DESPERATE CHILDREN TOUCHED THE FIRST LADY OF 38 00:05:33,566 --> 00:05:43,142 UKRAINE, OLENA ZELENSKA. WE MET IN KYIV, IN SEPTEMBER. ELEGANT BUT WEARY, SHE SEEMED TO BEAR THE BURDEN OF 44 MILLION 39 00:05:43,209 --> 00:05:51,284 UKRAINIANS. KIDS WITH CANCER WERE AMONG THE FIRST TO FIND HER EMPATHY. >> HOW DID YOU WORK WITH OTHER 40 00:05:51,350 --> 00:06:00,493 COUNTRIES TO EVACUATE THESE CANCER PATIENTS? >> Translator: ON MY LEVEL, I CAN SPEAK WITH THE FIRST LADIES. 41 00:06:00,560 --> 00:06:14,006 FOR THIS CONVOY TO WORK, THEY NEEDED TO SET UP THE SYSTEM IN THEIR COUNTRIES, MAKING SURE THAT PHYSICIANS AND HOSPITALS IN 42 00:06:14,073 --> 00:06:21,481 THEIR COUNTRY WOULD ACCEPT THE CHILDREN FOR TREATMENT. JILL BIDEN RESPONDED FOR THE UNITED STATES, BRIGITTE MACRON 43 00:06:21,547 --> 00:06:29,589 FOR FRANCE, AGATA AGATA KORNHAUSER-DUDA FOR POLAND AND MANY OTHERS. THEY HELPED ACTIVATE CHARITIES 44 00:06:29,655 --> 00:06:35,428 AND MEDICAL SOCIETIES. >> Translator: WE HAD A BIG TEAM, EVERYONE HELPING EACH OTHER, AND I AM VERY GRATEFUL 45 00:06:35,495 --> 00:06:41,801 FOR THAT. >> THAT TEAM LIKELY SAVED THE LIFE OF 17-YEAR-OLD ZHASMIN ALKADI, A WOMAN WHO IMPRESSED US 46 00:06:41,868 --> 00:06:51,978 WITH THE CREATIVITY, PERSONALITY, AND LOVE OF LIFE THAT ARE RICH IN THOSE WHO KNOW THEY CAN LOSE THEM. 47 00:06:52,044 --> 00:07:01,487 IN FEBRUARY, DOCTORS ORDERED HER INTO CHEMOTHERAPY TO SAVE HER LEG FROM BONE CANCER. BUT BEFORE THAT HAPPENED, RUSSIA 48 00:07:01,554 --> 00:07:09,128 INVADED. IN MARCH, ZHASMIN JOINED THE CONVOY OF LIFE. PATIENTS THROUGHOUT UKRAINE TOOK 49 00:07:09,195 --> 00:07:16,135 BUSES AND TRAINS TO A CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL IN LVIV NEAR POLAND. AFTER TREATMENT THERE, THE CHILDREN AND THEIR FAMILIES 50 00:07:16,202 --> 00:07:23,242 CROSSED THE BORDER WHERE THEY BOARDED A MEDICAL TRAIN. THE ENTIRE ROUTE COULD TAKE DAYS OR WEEKS. 51 00:07:23,309 --> 00:07:34,754 BUT THROUGHOUT THE EXHAUSTING JOURNEY, AT LEAST ZHASMIN HAD HER MOTHER TO LEAN ON. WHEN WE SEE YOU ON THE TRAIN, 52 00:07:34,821 --> 00:07:45,865 YOU ARE MOVING INTO THE UNKNOWN IN THAT MOMENT. >> Translator: YES. ON THAT JOURNEY, WE DIDN'T KNOW 53 00:07:45,932 --> 00:07:53,272 WHAT COUNTRY ON THE DESTINATION LIST WE WOULD END UP IN. YOU'RE ON THE TRAIN HOPING FOR THE BEST, TRUSTING DOCTORS, 54 00:07:53,339 --> 00:08:03,950 HOPING IT WILL ALL BE FINE. BUT, AS YOU SAID, YOU'RE MOVING INTO THE UNKNOWN. WHERE WILL I BE TOMORROW? 55 00:08:04,016 --> 00:08:13,359 THE ANSWER TURNED OUT TO BE THIS IMPROVISED TRIAGE CENTER IN POLAND SET UP BY AN AMERICAN HOSPITAL, ST. JUDE CHILDREN'S 56 00:08:13,426 --> 00:08:21,334 RESEARCH HOSPITAL OF MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, NAMED FOR THE PATRON SAINT OF HOPELESS CAUSES. >> THERE ARE PATIENTS WHO ARE 57 00:08:21,400 --> 00:08:28,975 MORE LIKELY TO GET SICK THAN OTHERS, AND SO WE WANT TO IDENTIFY THOSE PATIENTS SO WE CAN PAY ATTENTION TO THEM WHEN 58 00:08:29,041 --> 00:08:37,850 THEY GET HERE. >> THAT'S DR. MARTA SALEK OF ST. JUDE WHO HELPED ORGANIZE THE TRIAGE CENTER IN AN EMPTY HOTEL 59 00:08:37,917 --> 00:08:45,091 IN THE POLISH COUNTRYSIDE. >> THE CHILDREN WOULD GET ESCORTED FROM LVIV TO THE BORDER SO THAT THEY DIDN'T HAVE TO WAIT 60 00:08:45,157 --> 00:08:50,363 IN LINE. AND THEN THEY WOULD CROSS THE BORDER INTO POLAND. THE CHILDREN WHO WERE SICK WOULD 61 00:08:50,429 --> 00:08:56,302 GO STRAIGHT TO THE HOSPITAL WITH AN AMBULANCE, SOMETIMES A HELICOPTER. THE ONES THAT WERE STABLE WOULD 62 00:08:56,369 --> 00:09:02,909 TAKE THIS REALLY IMPRESSIVE MEDICAL TRAIN THAT HAD MEDICAL STAFF. THEY HAD AN ICU AND A SURGICAL 63 00:09:02,975 --> 00:09:10,783 THEATER. AND THEY WOULD TAKE THIS TRAIN TO A CITY CALLED KIELCE THAT WAS CLOSE TO WHERE OUR UNICORN 64 00:09:10,850 --> 00:09:18,357 CLINIC WAS. >> THE "UNICORN CLINIC" WAS THE NAME THEY GAVE TO THE HOTEL THAT COULD HOLD 300 REFUGEES, 65 00:09:18,424 --> 00:09:26,332 PATIENTS AND THEIR FAMILIES. MEDICAL RECORDS WERE TRANSLATED AND HOSPITALS FOUND FOR TREATMENT, AT NO CHARGE, IN 21 66 00:09:26,399 --> 00:09:32,238 WELCOMING COUNTRIES. >> I SUSPECT YOU'D NEVER HEARD OF MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE? >> Translator: I JUST KNEW THAT 67 00:09:32,305 --> 00:09:40,947 THERE WAS SUCH A PLACE, BUT NOT MUCH ELSE. >> IN MARCH, ZHASMIN ALKADI ARRIVED IN MEMPHIS FOR TREATMENT 68 00:09:41,013 --> 00:09:45,117 AT ST. JUDE. WHAT ARE THE DOCTORS TELLING YOU NOW? >> Translator: I HAVE A FEW 69 00:09:45,184 --> 00:09:52,491 ROUNDS OF CHEMOTHERAPY LEFT. EVERYTHING IS GOING WELL. I ALREADY HAD MY LEG AMPUTATED, UNFORTUNATELY. 70 00:09:52,558 --> 00:10:00,433 THE DOCTORS SAID IT WAS TOO LATE TO SAVE THE LEG AND IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE. I JUST NEED TO FINISH MY 71 00:10:00,499 --> 00:10:11,410 CHEMOTHERAPY, AND I CAN THEN CONTINUE LIVING MY LIFE, AS BEFORE. >> ALSO LIVING A RAMBUNCTIOUS 72 00:10:11,477 --> 00:10:25,925 LIFE AT ST. JUDE IS 2-YEAR-OLD MELANIA SEMERAZ, THE GIRL WHO HAD BEEN STUCK AT THE POLISH BORDER WITH HER REFRIGERATED 73 00:10:25,992 --> 00:10:36,836 MEDICATION. HER MOTHER ROKSOLANA TOLD US THERE'S HOPE THAT MELANIA CAN BE CURED OF HER FIBROSARCOMA, A 74 00:10:36,902 --> 00:10:44,310 CANCER OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN HER LEG. >> WE FLED THE WAR FROM PEOPLE WHO JUST WANTED TO KILL, 75 00:10:44,377 --> 00:10:53,219 ROKSOLANA TOLD US IN NOVEMBER. AND HERE PEOPLE ARE GREETING YOU AND WANT TO GIVE YOU THE BEST HELP. 76 00:10:53,285 --> 00:10:57,990 THEY DID SO MUCH FOR US AND ARE STILL DOING. THIS IS SOMETHING INCREDIBLE. >> WHAT DOES THE WORLD NEED TO 77 00:10:58,057 --> 00:11:08,901 KNOW ABOUT THIS WAR? >> Translator: IT IS SCARY THAT IN OUR CENTURY PEOPLE STILL BELIEVE THAT WAR IS WORTH 78 00:11:08,968 --> 00:11:21,147 SOMETHING. THERE ARE SO MANY REAL PROBLEMS IN THE WORLD SUCH AS CANCER. WHY DOESN'T RUSSIA FIGHT CANCER? 79 00:11:21,213 --> 00:11:31,023 BUT RATHER THAN FIGHT DISEASE, RUSSIA IS ATTACKING MEDICINE. THE U.N. SAYS RUSSIA HAS ASSAULTED HOSPITALS AND CLINICS 80 00:11:31,090 --> 00:11:41,500 AT LEAST 900 TIMES. THIS IS A HOSPITAL IN MYKOLAIV, A HOSPITAL IN MARIUPOL. THE LUHANSK CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 81 00:11:41,567 --> 00:11:50,142 AND A MATERNITY HOSPITAL IN KYIV. WHAT ARE THE RUSSIANS TRYING TO DO? 82 00:11:50,209 --> 00:11:57,616 >> THEY ARE WAGING WAR AGAINST CIVILIANS, FIRST LADY ZELENSKA TOLD US. THEY ARE TRYING TO SCARE PEOPLE 83 00:11:57,683 --> 00:12:04,723 AWAY, MAKE THEM FLEE, LEAVING EMPTY CITIES AND VILLAGES BEHIND, AND THEN THEY WOULD COME AND SEIZE THESE LANDS USING 84 00:12:04,790 --> 00:12:13,899 SCORCHED-EARTH TACTICS. >> SINCE OUR VISIT WITH MRS. ZELENSKA, RUSSIA HAS DEVASTATED UKRAINE'S POWER GRID. 85 00:12:13,966 --> 00:12:22,775 THE KYIV CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL WE VISITED SENT US IMAGES OF SURGERIES ILLUMINATED BY GENERATORS AND THE NEONATAL 86 00:12:22,842 --> 00:12:30,349 INTENSIVE CARE UNIT SWADDLED IN SANDBAGS. DR. LESIA LYSYTSIA REMAINS AT WORK. 87 00:12:30,416 --> 00:12:39,325 >> WHAT HAS THE WAR TAKEN FROM UKRAINIAN CHILDREN? >> Translator: CHILDHOOD, THE MOST VALUABLE THING THAT 88 00:12:39,391 --> 00:12:46,465 CHILDREN HAVE. TEY STOLE CHILDHOOD FROM OUR CHILDREN, AND WE NOW HAVE A LOT OF KIDS WHO ARE MENTALLY BROKEN, 89 00:12:46,532 --> 00:12:57,476 NO MATTER HOW HARD WE TRY TO REBUILD THEIR LIVES. >> THE MASS EVACUATION OF CHILDREN WITH CANCER RAN, LAST 90 00:12:57,543 --> 00:13:07,553 SPRING, FROM MARCH THROUGH MAY. DR. MARTA SALEK OF ST. JUDE TOLD US A FEW CHILDREN DID NOT SURVIVE THE JOURNEY. 91 00:13:07,620 --> 00:13:12,992 >> AND SO THERE WERE SOME INSTANCES WHERE CHILDREN WOULD DIE ON THE JOURNEY. BUT I THINK THOSE CHILDREN WOULD 92 00:13:13,058 --> 00:13:18,864 HAVE DIED IF THEY HAD STAYED IN UKRAINE. IT WAS THE GIFT THAT WE COULD GIVE TO THE FAMILIES TO GIVE 93 00:13:18,931 --> 00:13:24,303 THEM THAT HOPE THAT THE CHILD COULD DIE PEACEFULLY IN A SAFE ENVIRONMENT AND NOT HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF WAR. 94 00:13:24,370 --> 00:13:29,508 >> A GIFT? >> YEAH. >> WHAT DO YOU MEAN? >> I CAN'T IMAGINE BEING A 95 00:13:29,575 --> 00:13:36,615 PARENT WHO HAS A CHILD WITH A CHRONIC CONDITION THAT IS APPROACHING END OF LIFE, AND THE FAMILY MEMBER HAS TO WORRY, WILL 96 00:13:36,682 --> 00:13:42,888 THE HOSPITAL BE STRUCK BY A MISSILE? AT THE TIME THE DECISION WAS TO EVACUATE THOSE CHILDREN WITH THE 97 00:13:42,955 --> 00:13:49,128 RISK THAT THEY MIGHT DIE EN ROUTE. BUT IF THAT WOULD BRING PEACE TO THE FAMILY, AS THEY WERE GOING 98 00:13:49,195 --> 00:13:54,667 THROUGH THIS TERRIBLE CIRCUMSTANCE THAT WAS ALSO NOW AFFECTED BY WAR, THEN IT FELT LIKE THE RIGHT THING TO DO AT 99 00:13:54,733 --> 00:14:01,307 THE TIME. >> PROVIDING THESE CHILDREN WITH A SAFE PLACE TO DIE? >> YEAH. 100 00:14:01,373 --> 00:14:09,114 IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT. AND, SO, WE HONORED THAT REQUEST. >> BY RECENT COUNT, THE CONVOY 101 00:14:09,181 --> 00:14:23,095 OF LIFE EVACUATED 1,300 CHILDREN INTO A WELCOMING WORLD, ALLOWING THEIR FAMILIES TO FIGHT ONE WAR AT A TIME. 102 00:14:23,162 --> 00:14:30,002 I WONDER WHAT YOU'D LIKE TO SAY TO THE AMERICANS WHO HAVE WELCOMED YOUR FAMILY. >> Translator: WHEREVER I GO, I 103 00:14:30,069 --> 00:14:39,912 WANT TO SAY THANK YOU TO EVERY PERSON THAT I MEET. I FEEL LIKE I WANT TO SCREAM OUT LOUD TO EVERYONE, "THANK YOU!" 104 00:14:39,979 --> 00:14:50,089 AMERICA GAVE THIS TO US. AND I WOULD LIKE TO HAVE A CHANCE TO HELP OTHERS, TOO, SO THAT PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT 105 00:14:50,155 --> 00:14:55,027 KINDNESS WINS. WE NEED TO DO MORE GOOD THINGS. 106 00:15:01,133 --> 00:15:12,411 >>> STORIES OF THE SICK WHO STAYED. THE CHILDREN FIGHTING CANCER IN A 107 00:15:12,478 --> 00:15:19,018 >>> SPORTSWASHING...IT'S LIKELY A TERM YOU HAVE HEARD A LOT RECENTLY, THE USE OF GAMES AND TEAMS AND COMPETITION TO CLEANSE 108 00:15:19,084 --> 00:15:25,524 A COUNTRY'S IMAGE AND LAUNDER A REPUTATION. EARLIER THIS MONTH, THE SPORTING WORLD WAS STUNNED WHEN LIV GOLF, 109 00:15:25,591 --> 00:15:32,031 THE BREAKAWAY TOUR FUNDED BY SAUDI ARABIA, ENDED A BITTER LEGAL DISPUTE AND ABRUPTLY MERGED WITH THE PGA TOUR. 110 00:15:32,097 --> 00:15:38,570 IT BRINGS ANOTHER ROUND OF SCRUTINY TO SAUDI ARABIA'S LAVISHLY-FUNDED FORAY INTO INTERNATIONAL SPORT. 111 00:15:38,637 --> 00:15:47,246 HOSTING EVENTS, BUYING TEAMS, AND ATTRACTING ATHLETES WITH COLOSSAL PAYDAYS. IS THIS INVESTMENT AN ATTEMPT TO 112 00:15:47,313 --> 00:15:52,151 DIVERSIFY THE ECONOMY AND CATER TO YOUNGER CITIZENS, AS ITS LEADERS CLAIM? OR IS IT DONE TO PAPER OVER 113 00:15:52,217 --> 00:15:57,556 HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES, AUTHORITARIAN RULE AND EVEN MURDER? AS WE FIRST REPORTED BACK IN 114 00:15:57,623 --> 00:16:04,129 APRIL, WE VISITED THE KINGDOM TO CHECK OUT THE SPORTS WORLD'S NEW NERVE CENTER, AND CHECK OUT WHAT THE SAUDIS AND THEIR NEIGHBORS 115 00:16:04,196 --> 00:16:20,412 ARE GETTING FOR THEIR MONEY. >> ARGENTINA, CHAMPIONS OF THE WORLD'S GREATEST GAME. >> ARGENTINA MAY HAVE CLAIMED 116 00:16:20,479 --> 00:16:25,384 THE WORLD CUP LAST DECEMBER, BUT IT WASN'T THE ONLY COUNTRY TO EMERGE AS A BIG WINNER. A CONTROVERSIAL CHOICE TO HOST, 117 00:16:25,451 --> 00:16:32,491 THE OIL-RICH GULF STATE OF QATAR THREW MORE THAN $200 BILLION INTO STAGING THE EVENT AND DRIBBLED PAST CRITICISM OVER ITS 118 00:16:32,558 --> 00:16:41,033 APPALLING HUMAN RIGHTS RECORD. AND ANOTHER WINNER WAS NEXT DOOR. SAUDI ARABIA FIELDED THE ONE 119 00:16:41,100 --> 00:16:49,942 TEAM THAT BEAT ARGENTINA, A TRIUMPH CELEBRATED AROUND THE ARAB WORLD, NOT LEAST BY PRINCE ABDULAZIZ BIN TURKI AL SAUD, THE 120 00:16:50,008 --> 00:16:58,417 COUNTRY'S MINISTER OF SPORT. >> IT WAS UNBELIEVABLE. IT WAS JUST A MILESTONE THAT WE TICKED THAT SHOWS THAT IF YOU 121 00:16:58,484 --> 00:17:04,456 PUT THE EFFORT AND -- AND THE RIGHT RESOURCES BEHIND IT, YOU CAN ACHIEVE IMPOSSIBLE THINGS. >> THE IMPROBABLE CONTINUED 122 00:17:04,523 --> 00:17:13,132 AFTER THE WORLD CUP. SAUDI ARABIA'S ENORMOUS RESOURCES - THAT IS, SLOSHING OIL MONEY - ENTICED CRISTIANO 123 00:17:13,198 --> 00:17:18,604 RONALDO OF PORTUGAL, A GENERATIONAL STAR, TO PLAY FOR A TEAM IN RIYADH. HIS SALARY? 124 00:17:18,670 --> 00:17:27,279 MORE THAN $200 MILLION A SEASON. THAT'S RIGHT, $200 MILLION, ROUGHLY THE ANNUAL PLAYING WAGES OF LeBRON JAMES, STEPH CURRY, 125 00:17:27,346 --> 00:17:38,157 AARON JUDGE, AND PATRICK MAHOMES, COMBINED. THE OPENING BELL FOR SAUDI ARABIA'S INVESTMENT IN GLOBAL 126 00:17:38,223 --> 00:17:44,129 SPORTS SOUNDED THREE YEARS AGO WITH "THE CLASH ON THE DUNES," A HEAVYWEIGHT TITLE FIGHT. A FEW MONTHS LATER, THE KINGDOM 127 00:17:44,196 --> 00:18:00,412 STAGED THE WORLD'S RICHEST HORSE RACE. >> THERE'S FORMULA 1 RACING, AND A TEN-YEAR DEAL WITH THE WWE. 128 00:18:00,479 --> 00:18:09,254 BUT, TO MANY, THESE MEGA-EVENTS IN SAUDI ARABIA ARE FINANCIAL LOSS LEADERS BEING USED TO LAUNDER THE IMAGE OF A COUNTRY, 129 00:18:09,321 --> 00:18:16,228 WHILE CLOAKING REPRESSION AND AUTHORITARIAN RULE. >> YOU'VE HEARD THIS TERM SPORTSWASHING, THE THIS IDEA 130 00:18:16,295 --> 00:18:21,099 THAT COUNTRIES CAN COVER UP BAD ACTS THROUGH SPORTS. DO YOU BELIEVE IN THE CONCEPT THAT A COUNTRY CAN USE SPORTS 131 00:18:21,166 --> 00:18:26,004 THIS WAY? >> NOT AT ALL. I DON'T AGREE WITH THAT -- WITH THAT TERM. 132 00:18:26,071 --> 00:18:30,876 BECAUSE I THINK THAT IF YOU GO TO DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD, THEN YOU BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER. EVERYONE SHOULD COME, SEE SAUDI 133 00:18:30,943 --> 00:18:37,416 ARABIA, SEE IT FOR WHAT IT IS, AND THEN MAKE YOUR DECISION. SEE IT FOR YOURSELF. IF YOU DON'T LIKE IT, FINE. 134 00:18:37,483 --> 00:18:45,557 >> WHICH IS PRECISELY WHY WE CAME TO SAUDI ARABIA LATE LAST YEAR, TO SEE THIS UNLIKELY SPORTS HUB FOR OURSELVES. 135 00:18:45,624 --> 00:18:52,598 DECEMBER IS THE OFFSEASON FOR PRO TENNIS, YET RIYADH WAS THE SITE OF AN EXHIBITION, STUDDED WITH TOP TEN STARS AND 136 00:18:52,664 --> 00:19:00,205 EMBROIDERED WITH LOCAL TOUCHES, FALCONS ENLISTED TO HELP WITH THE DRAW CEREMONY. BUT THE REAL DRAW? 137 00:19:00,272 --> 00:19:04,643 AUSTRALIA'S NICK KYRGIOS WAS BLUNT. >> WHAT BROUGHT YOU HERE AT THE END? 138 00:19:04,710 --> 00:19:11,650 >> WELL, THE MONEY IS PRETTY GOOD, I AM NOT GOING TO LIE. >> DESPITE DESERTS OF EMPTY SEATS, AND LITTLE IN THE WAY OF 139 00:19:11,717 --> 00:19:19,791 TELEVISION RIGHTS, USUALLY THE LIFEBLOOD FOR SPORTS, THE PLAYERS WERE PAID MILLIONS JUST TO SHOW UP. 140 00:19:19,858 --> 00:19:34,973 AND TAYLOR FRITZ, A CALIFORNIAN, EARNED $1 MILLION IN PRIZE MONEY FOR WINNING THE WEEKEND EVENT. >> THE SAUDIS AREN'T JUST 141 00:19:35,040 --> 00:19:40,946 HOSTING EVENTS, THROUGH THE KINGDOM'S SOVEREIGN WEALTH FUND, THEY BOUGHT AN ENGLISH PREMIER LEAGUE SOCCER TEAM, NEWCASTLE 142 00:19:41,013 --> 00:19:46,919 UNITED. WE SAW THEM FOR A VISITING GAME AGAINST A LOCAL TEAM, POINTEDLY, ABANDONING THEIR USUAL STRIPED 143 00:19:46,985 --> 00:19:56,695 KITS FOR THE GREEN OF THE SAUDI FLAG. >> THEN THERE IS, TO DATE, SAUDI'S BIGGEST SWING IN SPORTS, 144 00:19:56,762 --> 00:20:02,134 THAT $2.5 BILLION BREAKAWAY LIV TOUR, WHICH TIGER WOODS DISMISSED AS, QUOTE, THE ENDLESS PIT OF MONEY. 145 00:20:02,200 --> 00:20:08,640 TOP PLAYERS, INCLUDING PHIL MICKELSON AND DUSTIN JOHNSON, SWITCHED THEIR TOUR ALLEGIANCES, BOTH PAID, AS THEY WERE, NORTH 146 00:20:08,707 --> 00:20:16,782 OF $100 MILLION. EARLIER THIS MONTH, THE PGA AND LIV MERGED, A WIN FOR THE SAUDIS, SECURING THEIR FOOTHOLD 147 00:20:16,848 --> 00:20:24,389 IN THE SPORT. >> THIS FLOOD OF SAUDI MONEY INTO SPORTS IS JUST ABSOLUTELY, IT'S A DISRUPTOR. 148 00:20:24,456 --> 00:20:28,727 IT'S -- IT'S COMPLETELY CHANGING THE FACE OF SPORTS. IS -- IS THAT THE INTENTION? >> NOT AT ALL. 149 00:20:28,794 --> 00:20:34,666 IT ADDS A LOT TO THE SPORT. >> BUT YOU HAVE TO REALIZE THE IMPACT THIS HAS. I MEAN, WHEN WINNERS OF LIV GOLF 150 00:20:34,733 --> 00:20:42,774 EVENTS ARE MAKING MULTIPLE TIMES WHAT TIGER WOODS WON LAST TIME HE WON THE MASTERS, THAT'S A BIG ECONOMIC CHANGE. 151 00:20:42,841 --> 00:20:47,713 >> IT DOESN'T MATTER I THINK IF THE IMPACT OF INCREASING THE PARTICIPATION OF SPORTS AND THE INTEREST IN THAT SPORT IS 152 00:20:47,779 --> 00:20:55,287 GROWING, THEN WHY NOT? >> THE SPORTS MINISTER INSISTS THAT THE MASSIVE INVESTMENT IN AN ESSENTIAL PILLAR OF WHAT IS 153 00:20:55,354 --> 00:21:03,528 CALLED "VISION 2030": A $7 TRILLION PLAN BY THE KINGDOM'S EFFECTIVE RULER CROWN PRINCE MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN, OR 154 00:21:03,595 --> 00:21:17,075 MBS, TO DIVERSIFY THE ECONOMY BEYOND OIL, WHILE SOFTENING SOME OF ITS MOST RESTRICTIVE SOCIAL CONVENTIONS AND LAWS. 155 00:21:17,142 --> 00:21:22,914 IT'S NOW PERMITTED FOR WOMEN TO DRIVE, UNCOVER THEIR HEAD, HOLD A PASSPORT AND TRAVEL WITHOUT A MALE GUARDIAN. 156 00:21:22,981 --> 00:21:27,386 ON THE COUNTRY'S FIELDS, AND IN GYMS AND REC CENTERS, YOUNG SAUDIS, MALE AND FEMALE, ARE EMBRACING SPORT. 157 00:21:27,452 --> 00:21:31,723 SO ARE THEIR MOMS. RASHA AL KHAMIS IS THE COUNTRY'S FIRST FEMALE CERTIFIED BOXING COACH. 158 00:21:31,790 --> 00:21:38,230 BACK IN 2019 SHE ATTENDED THE CLASH ON THE DUNES FIGHT. >> THIS IS YOUR COUNTRY. THESE ARE TWO INTERNATIONAL 159 00:21:38,296 --> 00:21:44,202 SUPERSTARS, AND YOU'RE NOT WATCHING THEM ON TV. YOU'RE WATCHING THEM LIVE HERE. WHAT WAS THAT LIKE? 160 00:21:44,269 --> 00:21:50,709 >> I WOULD NEVER IMAGINE THAT ME, GOING TO THE FIGHT, DRIVING MY CAR AND ATTENDING THE FIGHT IN -- IN MY OWN COUNTRY. 161 00:21:50,776 --> 00:21:57,215 SO THAT'S A -- THAT'S A MASSIVE TRANSFORMATION. AND YOU CAN FEEL THAT THE CHANGE IS TANGIBLE. 162 00:21:57,282 --> 00:22:05,957 >> YET, THESE CHANGES COME AT A COST. LOUJAIN AL HATHLOUL LED THE SAUDI WOMAN-TO-DRIVE MOVEMENT, 163 00:22:06,024 --> 00:22:10,896 AND WAS PUNISHED FOR HER ACTIVISM. ARRESTED, CHARGED WITH TERRORISM, AND SENTENCED TO 164 00:22:10,962 --> 00:22:15,767 PRISON, WHERE SHE SAYS SHE WAS TORTURED. EVEN AFTER HER RELEASE, SHE IS PREVENTED FROM LEAVING THE 165 00:22:15,834 --> 00:22:24,810 COUNTRY. HER SISTER LINA LIVES IN EXILE AND SPOKE WITH US REMOTELY. >> WHEN WE TALK ABOUT SPORTS, OF 166 00:22:24,876 --> 00:22:30,449 COURSE WE DO WANT TO HAVE ENTERTAINMENT IN SAUDI ARABIA. WE DO WANT TO HAVE THIS. BUT NOT AT THE EXPENSE OF -- OF 167 00:22:30,515 --> 00:22:35,887 OUR FREEDOMS. WE DON'T WANT TO BE LIVING IN FEAR AND NOT KNOWING IF TOMORROW THEY WILL BREAK INTO OUR HOUSE 168 00:22:35,954 --> 00:22:41,326 AND TAKE OUR SISTER OR DAUGHTER. I DO NOT WANT TO LIVE IN THIS COUNTRY. I WANT TO LIVE IN A COUNTRY 169 00:22:41,393 --> 00:22:47,833 WHERE I FEEL FREE, TRULY. >> EVEN IF THEY HAVE FANCY SPORTING EVENTS? >> I WANT BOTH. 170 00:22:47,899 --> 00:22:56,007 >> HER SISTER'S HARSH TREATMENT, SHE SAYS, UNDERSCORES A STARK PARADOX: AT A TIME WHEN SOCIAL FREEDOMS HAVE EXPANDED, 171 00:22:56,074 --> 00:23:02,013 POLITICAL REPRESSION IN SAUDI ARABIA HAS BECOME MORE SEVERE. >> YOU'RE SAYING THIS IS WINDOW DRESSING. 172 00:23:02,080 --> 00:23:08,120 THIS IS -- THIS IS COSMETIC. AND BEHIND THE GAMES THERE'S MASS EXECUTIONS AND REPRESSION LIKE NEVER BEFORE. 173 00:23:08,186 --> 00:23:14,626 >> ABSOLUTELY. EXACTLY. THIS IS WHAT'S HAPPENING. >> THE CULTURAL SHIFT GOES 174 00:23:14,693 --> 00:23:21,032 BEYOND SPORTS. WHO WOULD HAVE PEGGED SAUDI ARABIA TO START HOSTING AN ANNUAL DESERT RAVE? 175 00:23:21,099 --> 00:23:28,106 BRUNO MARS AND DJ KHALED WERE AMONG THE HEADLINERS. IT'S ALL OF A PIECE, SPORTS, ENTERTAINMENT, TOURISM. 176 00:23:28,173 --> 00:23:34,246 TO MARRY IT ALL, THE CROWN PRINCE TURNED TO AMERICAN IMPRESARIO, JERRY INZERILLO. >> WHAT'S A GUY FROM BROOKLYN 177 00:23:34,312 --> 00:23:42,721 DOING IN A PLACE LIKE THIS? >> CREATING MAGIC, MAKING A PLACE WELCOMING FOR EVERYBODY TO COME SEE THE KINGDOM THE 178 00:23:42,788 --> 00:23:49,261 BIRTHPLACE OF THE KINGDOM. VERY EXCITING TIMES. SALAAM-ALAIKUM. >> IN HIS CAREER IN HOSPITALITY 179 00:23:49,327 --> 00:23:55,233 AND ENTERTAINMENT, INZERILLO LAUNCHED ATLANTIS IN THE BAHAMAS. NAME A GLOBAL CELEBRITY AND, BE 180 00:23:55,300 --> 00:24:01,840 ASSURED, JERRY HAS MADE THEIR ACQUAINTANCE. >> I'VE DONE FIVE DECADES IN TOURISM. 181 00:24:01,907 --> 00:24:12,918 MY JOB IS TO WELCOME PEOPLE AND TO CREATE JOY AND FESTIVITY. WITH VISION 2030 NOW WE WANT PEOPLE TO COME TO SAUDI. 182 00:24:12,984 --> 00:24:17,589 >> TODAY HE OVERSEES A MASSIVE $63 BILLION DEVELOPMENT ON THE SITE WHERE THE SAUDI STATE WAS BORN, CONVERTING IT INTO A 183 00:24:17,656 --> 00:24:25,730 MODERN XANADU WITH HOMES FOR 100,000 PEOPLE, LUXURY HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS. WE ASKED INZERILLO ABOUT HIS 184 00:24:25,797 --> 00:24:32,237 COMFORT LEVEL REPRESENTING THIS AUTOCRACY. HE TOLD US HE FOCUSES ON THE POSITIVE. 185 00:24:32,304 --> 00:24:37,709 >> YOU KNOW I WENT TO SCHOOL IN LAS VEGAS, AND THERE'S A GAMBLING TERM THAT WHEN YOU'RE WAY AHEAD, YOU'RE PLAYING WITH 186 00:24:37,776 --> 00:24:43,114 HOUSE MONEY. >> YOU WINNING? >> OH, I'M -- NOT ONLY AM I WINNING, I'VE WON. 187 00:24:43,181 --> 00:24:48,019 >> YOU KNOW THERE'S A COUNTRY WESTERN SONG, "DANCE WITH THE ONE WHO BRUNG YA." >> WHO BRUNG YA? 188 00:24:48,086 --> 00:24:52,357 >> WHO BRUNG ME HERE? >> YEAH. >> VISION 2030, A VERY BENEVOLENT, VERY LOVED KING, AND 189 00:24:52,424 --> 00:24:59,431 A VERY VISIONARY, DYNAMIC CROWN PRINCE. >> BUT IT'S THE LESS NOBLE DOINGS OF THE CROWN PRINCE THAT 190 00:24:59,497 --> 00:25:05,470 HAVE STAINED THE COUNTRY'S REPUTATION, BOTH ACCELERATING AND COMPLICATING ITS FORAY INTO SPORTS. 191 00:25:05,537 --> 00:25:12,978 A CIA REPORT SAID MBS APPROVED THE 2018 ASSASSINATION AND DISMEMBERING OF "WASHINGTON POST" JOURNALIST JAMAL 192 00:25:13,044 --> 00:25:19,584 KHASHOGGI. UNDER MBS' RULE, EXECUTIONS HAVE DRASTICALLY INCREASED, INCLUDING A MASS BEHEADING OF 81 PEOPLE IN 193 00:25:19,651 --> 00:25:27,192 ONE DAY LAST YEAR. THE MILDEST CRITICISM OF THE STATE, EVEN ON TWITTER, HAS BEEN MET WITH DETENTION, TORTURE, AND 194 00:25:27,259 --> 00:25:31,930 LONG AND ARBITRARY PRISON SENTENCES. >> WE'VE HEARD A LOT ABOUT TRANSITION. 195 00:25:31,997 --> 00:25:36,701 WE'VE SEEN IT WITH OUR OWN EYES. BUT THE CONCERN IS THAT THIS COUNTRY RIGHT NOW IS STILL NOT FIT TO HOLD INTERNATIONAL 196 00:25:36,768 --> 00:25:46,745 SPORTING EVENTS. >> WE'RE NOT SAYING THAT WE'RE PERFECT, BUT WHAT I'M TRYING TO SAY IS THAT THESE THINGS HELP US 197 00:25:46,811 --> 00:25:52,183 TO ACHIEVE A BETTER FUTURE FOR OUR POPULATION. >> I THINK NO COUNTRY WOULD SAY THEY'RE PERFECT, BUT ARE YOU 198 00:25:52,250 --> 00:25:57,622 SAYING THAT EVERY COUNTRY HAS A LEADER THAT, ACCORDING TO THE CIA, HAS ORDERED A MURDER OF A JOURNALIST? 199 00:25:57,689 --> 00:26:02,560 ARE YOU SAYING THAT EVERY COUNTRY HAS 81 BEHEADINGS IN A SINGLE DAY? AND IF THE ANSWER IS NO, DOESN'T 200 00:26:02,627 --> 00:26:06,898 IT MAKE THIS RELATIVE ARGUMENT, THIS WHATABOUTISM, DOESN'T IT MAKE THAT IRRELEVANT? >> WELL, WHAT I'M TRYING TO SAY 201 00:26:06,965 --> 00:26:12,337 IS THAT, "LET'S LOOK AT THE GOOD SIDE ABOUT THIS." AND -- AND, YOU KNOW, YOU'RE JUST PINPOINTING CERTAIN TOPICS 202 00:26:12,404 --> 00:26:17,342 THAT IF WE -- I GO AND, YOU KNOW, WE HAD THE MASS SHOOTING A COUPLE WEEKS AGO IN THE U.S. DOES THAT MEAN THAT WE DON'T 203 00:26:17,409 --> 00:26:21,746 HOST THE -- THE WORLD CUP IN THE U.S.? NO. WE SHOULD GO TO THE U.S. 204 00:26:21,813 --> 00:26:26,418 WE SHOULD GET PEOPLE TOGETHER. >> A MASS SHOOTING IS NOT A GOVERNMENT ACTOR. LET'S BE CLEAR ABOUT THAT. 205 00:26:26,484 --> 00:26:31,623 >> STILL, WHATEVER -- WHATEVER, PEOPLE DIED. BUT WHAT I'M TRYING TO SAY IS THAT IF WE LOOK AT ONLY THE BAD 206 00:26:31,690 --> 00:26:36,194 SIDE, THEN WE SHOULDN'T DO ANYTHING. >> ARE THERE NOT UNIVERSALS, ARE THERE NOT BASIC THRESHOLDS YOU 207 00:26:36,261 --> 00:26:39,998 THINK NEED TO BE MET? >> AS I SAID, THERE IS A LOT OF ISSUES WITH WITH A LOT OF COUNTRIES. 208 00:26:40,065 --> 00:26:43,802 BUT THEN YOU MENTION THAT THE ORDER CAME FROM THE CROWN PRINCE, AND THAT'S NOT TRUE. THERE'S NO PROOF OF THAT -- AS 209 00:26:43,868 --> 00:26:49,207 WE SPEAK. >> YOU'RE DENYING THAT THE CIA'S REPORT THAT SAYS THIS WAS ORDERED AND APPROVED -- 210 00:26:49,274 --> 00:26:54,646 >> I DON'T THINK THE CIA REPORT ACTUALLY SAYS THAT, IF YOU LOOK AT IT. >> THE CIA REPORT CONCLUDED: 211 00:26:54,713 --> 00:27:00,652 SAUDI ARABIA'S CROWN PRINCE MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN APPROVED AN OPERATION TO CAPTURE OR KILL SAUDI JOURNALIST JAMAL 212 00:27:00,719 --> 00:27:09,928 KHASHOGGI. >> STILL, THE GAMES GO ON, SO DO THE CHOICES. EARLIER THIS YEAR, FIFA, 213 00:27:09,995 --> 00:27:15,333 SOCCER'S GOVERNING BODY, NOT KNOWN FOR OCCUPYING ETHICAL HIGH GROUND, RESPONDED TO PROTESTS FROM PLAYERS AND TURNED DOWN 214 00:27:15,400 --> 00:27:24,009 SAUDI TOURISM'S SPONSORSHIP OFFER FOR THIS SUMMER'S WOMEN'S WORLD CUP. THESE MORAL DILEMMAS WILL ONLY 215 00:27:24,075 --> 00:27:29,981 INTENSIFY. >> WHEN WE WERE IN SAUDI ARABIA, WE SAW A TOP-LEVEL TENNIS EVENT, A TOP-LEVEL GOLF EVENT HAD JUST 216 00:27:30,048 --> 00:27:37,756 BEEN HELD. BRUNO MARS HAD GIVEN A CONCERT. WHAT WOULD YOUR MESSAGE BE TO THE ATHLETES AND ENTERTAINERS 217 00:27:37,822 --> 00:27:44,095 WHO ARE COMING IN TO PERFORM AND COMPETE? >> MY MESSAGE IS THAT, WHY WOULD YOU GO TO SAUDI ARABIA AND STAY 218 00:27:44,162 --> 00:27:51,803 SILENT ON WHAT IS GOING ON, ON THE GROUND? WHY WON'T YOU SPEAK ON BEHALF OF THE PRISONERS WHO HAVE BEEN 219 00:27:51,870 --> 00:27:57,142 MUZZLED, ON ALL THE FAMILIES THAT CANNOT SPEAK? BECAUSE WHEN YOU GO TO SAUDI ARABIA YOU ARE A PART OF -- OF 220 00:27:57,208 --> 00:28:04,249 THIS COVERING UP MACHINE. >> WHAT DO YOU THINK THE PURPOSE IS OF THROWING AROUND BILLIONS AND BILLIONS OF DOLLARS INTO 221 00:28:04,315 --> 00:28:10,255 SPORTS LIKE THIS? >> I THINK THE SAUDI GOVERNMENT, THE SAUDI REGIME AND -- AND MBS, HE WANTS PEOPLE TO THINK OF 222 00:28:10,321 --> 00:28:15,660 RONALDO WHEN THEY THINK ABOUT SAUDI AND NOT ABOUT KHASHOGGI. >> THAT'S BECOME THE ASSOCIATION NOW. 223 00:28:15,727 --> 00:28:19,998 WE'VE GONE FROM THE MURDERED JOURNALIST TO THE STAR SOCCER PLAYER. >> ABSOLUTELY, YEAH. 224 00:28:20,065 --> 00:28:26,571 UNFORTUNATELY. 225 00:28:30,842 --> 00:28:39,417 >>> MUSIC IN THE BACKGROUND OF A MOVIE IS OFTEN CRUCIAL TO HOW WE EXPERIENCE THE FILM. IN SOME CASES, IT CAN BECOME AS 226 00:28:39,484 --> 00:28:51,896 MEMORABLE AS THE MOVIE ITSELF. THINK OF THE SCREAMING VIOLINS IN "PSYCHO" OR THAT HAUNTING TUBA IN "JAWS" - THE LATTER 227 00:28:51,963 --> 00:29:00,038 WRITTEN BY JOHN WILLIAMS - WHO FOR MORE THAN A GENERATION WAS HOLLYWOOD'S LEADING COMPOSER. BUT OVER THE YEARS AS DIRECTORS 228 00:29:00,105 --> 00:29:08,313 AND STUDIOS BEGAN TO LOOK FOR EDGIER SCORES, THEY HAVE -- AS WE FIRST REPORTED IN JANUARY -- INCREASINGLY TURNED TO A 229 00:29:08,379 --> 00:29:15,320 GERMAN-BORN COMPOSER NAMED HANS ZIMMER. IF YOU'VE BEEN TO THE MOVIES IN THE PAST 40 YEARS, YOU HAVE 230 00:29:15,386 --> 00:29:25,730 HEARD A HANS ZIMMER SCORE. ACTION, DRAMA, COMEDY, ROMANCE, BLOCKBUSTERS, HE'S DONE THEM ALL. 231 00:29:25,797 --> 00:29:34,005 ♪ ♪ >> INCLUDING THE 1994 FILM, "THE LION KING," WHICH HE WON AN 232 00:29:34,072 --> 00:29:49,187 OSCAR FOR WITH ITS OPENING ZULU CHANT. SUNG BY LEBO M., A SOUTH AFRICAN MUSICIAN, WHO WAS WORKING AT A 233 00:29:49,254 --> 00:30:00,598 CAR WASH IN LOS ANGELES WHEN HANS ENLISTED HIM. >> THAT'S HOW THAT OPENING SONG CAME ABOUT, LITERALLY. 234 00:30:00,665 --> 00:30:09,307 MICROPHONE IN THE ROOM, NOT IN A BOOTH OR ANYTHING LIKE THIS. >> HANS TOLD THE EXECUTIVES AT DISNEY THAT HE WANTED TO SAY 235 00:30:09,374 --> 00:30:20,685 RIGHT OFF THE BAT THIS IS NOT A TYPICAL DISNEY MOVIE, IT'S A FATHER/SON STORY THAT TAKES PLACE IN AFRICA. 236 00:30:20,752 --> 00:30:26,090 >> AND THEY SAID, "EXACTLY. THAT'S GOOD. DO -- DO WHAT -- DO WHAT YOU DO." 237 00:30:26,157 --> 00:30:32,030 >> HE SHOWED US WHAT HE DOES AT HIS STUDIO IN LOS ANGELES, WHERE HE COMPOSES HIS SCORES ON THIS KEYBOARD AND COMPUTER. 238 00:30:32,096 --> 00:30:38,036 FOR EXAMPLE, THE MUSIC FOR THE FIRST "PIRATES OF THE CARIBBEAN" MOVIE. >> SO, IF YOU HAVE "PIRATES," 239 00:30:38,102 --> 00:30:45,343 WHICH IS BASICALLY THIS SORT OF A THING, THERE'S A JAUNTINESS, RIGHT -- ♪ 240 00:30:45,410 --> 00:30:52,016 ♪ >> YEAH. >> AND IT'S -- THE MUSIC IS REALLY BIG. 241 00:30:52,083 --> 00:31:01,059 AND HE'S IN A LITTLE ROWBOAT WITH A LITTLE SAIL, AND YOU HEAR THIS HUGE ORCHESTRA. BECAUSE THAT'S THE MUSIC HE 242 00:31:01,125 --> 00:31:08,199 HEARS IN THE -- IN HIS HEAD, BECAUSE HE'S THE GREATEST PIRATE THAT HAS EVER LIVED IN HIS IMAGINATION. 243 00:31:08,266 --> 00:31:16,307 SO, WHEN YOU LISTEN TO THE JOKER, HE'S QUITE THE OPPOSITE. IT'S LIKE, YOU KNOW, A BOW ON A BOW AND ARROW. 244 00:31:16,374 --> 00:31:24,148 AND YOU STRETCH IT. >> OOH. OH MY GOD. >> AND IT'S -- IT'S NOT PRETTY. 245 00:31:24,215 --> 00:31:35,693 ♪ >> WHY SO SERIOUS? >> IT'S VERY EMOTIONAL INDUCING. I CAN'T EVEN EXPRESS WHY. 246 00:31:35,760 --> 00:31:41,099 I WOULDN'T KNOW -- BE ABLE TO PUT WORDS TO IT. BUT -- >> THAT'S THE IDEA. 247 00:31:41,165 --> 00:31:48,172 AT MY BEST, WORDS WILL FAIL YOU BECAUSE I'M USING MY OWN LANGUAGE. >> SINCE THE 1980s, HANS 248 00:31:48,239 --> 00:31:56,347 ZIMMER'S LANGUAGE IN HIS SCORES, LIKE LAST YEAR'S BIGGEST HIT, "TOP GUN: MAVERICK" HAS DEFINED NOT JUST THE CHARACTERS BUT HAS 249 00:31:56,414 --> 00:32:08,893 HELPED TELL THE STORIES OF CHEST-THUMPING ACTION FILMS AND SCI-FI EPICS -- LIKE "DUNE," WHICH HE WON AN 250 00:32:08,960 --> 00:32:14,532 OSCAR FOR IN 2022 IN WHICH HE USED JUDDERING DRUMS AND ELECTRONIC SYNTHESIZERS. >> SO YOU'VE BEEN CALLED A 251 00:32:14,599 --> 00:32:24,075 MAVERICK. YOU'VE BEEN CALLED A VISIONARY. HOW WOULD YOU DESCRIBE YOURSELF? I WOULD DESCRIBE MYSELF AS 252 00:32:24,142 --> 00:32:30,615 SOMEBODY WHO'S DEEPLY IN LOVE WITH MUSIC, AND DEEPLY IN LOVE WITH MOVIES, AND PLAYFUL. I LOVE TO PLAY, LIKE, AS ANY 253 00:32:30,682 --> 00:32:36,587 MUSICIAN DOES, AS IN ANY LANGUAGE. IT SAYS, YOU KNOW, YOU PLAY MUSIC. 254 00:32:36,654 --> 00:32:47,999 >> HIS CHOICES HAVE BEEN UNPREDICTABLE. FOR EVERY MAN OF STEEL, THERE'S A KUNG FU PANDA AND A SHERLOCK 255 00:32:48,066 --> 00:32:57,475 HOLMES IN WHICH HE USED A BROKEN PIANO AND BANJOS FOR THE 19th CENTURY DETECTIVE TURNED QUIRKY ACTION HERO. 256 00:32:57,542 --> 00:33:04,349 >> HOW IMPORTANT IS THE INSTRUMENT TO GETTING WHAT YOU WANT? >> VASTLY IMPORTANT. 257 00:33:04,415 --> 00:33:11,389 I MEAN, BECAUSE INSTRUMENTS COME WITH BAGGAGE. YOU KNOW, FOR INSTANCE, THE DEFINITION OF A JENNIFER ASHTON 258 00:33:11,456 --> 00:33:25,837 IS SOMEBODY WHO KNOWS HOW TO PLAY THE BANJO BUT REFRAINS FROM DOING SO. >> WHOA. 259 00:33:25,903 --> 00:33:31,642 [ LAUGHTER ] >> WHY THAT BANJO WORKED, RIGHT? BECAUSE IT WAS FUNNY. >> HE HAS USED BANJOS, BAGPIPES, 260 00:33:31,709 --> 00:33:36,914 BUZZING ELECTRONICS. AND THIS, A GOOD OLD-FASHIONED ORCHESTRA. >> THINK ABOUT THE COMPOSER OF 261 00:33:36,981 --> 00:33:45,022 "THE DARK KNIGHT" WRITING SOMETHING THIS DELICATE. >> REALLY GOOD. CAN WE JUST HAVE ONE MORE TO, 262 00:33:45,089 --> 00:33:50,495 YOU KNOW, TO PROTECT THE INNOCENT? >> HE INVITED US TO WATCH HIM RECORD THE SCORE OF A NEW MOVIE 263 00:33:50,561 --> 00:34:00,772 IN A LONDON STUDIO LAST SUMMER. IT'S ABOUT A YOUNG GIRL COMING OF AGE BASED ON A JUDY BLUME BOOK, "ARE YOU THERE, GOD? 264 00:34:00,838 --> 00:34:05,710 IT'S ME, MARGARET," THAT WAS RELEASED IN THEATERS THIS SPRING. >> LIKE THE SOUND? 265 00:34:05,777 --> 00:34:13,317 >> MMM-HMM. >> ACADEMY AWARD-WINNING DIRECTOR JIM BROOKS IS A PRODUCER OF THIS MOVIE. 266 00:34:13,384 --> 00:34:19,824 THIS IS THE EIGHTH FILM THEY'VE WORKED ON TOGETHER. >> VERY NICE! >> WHAT'S UNIQUE ABOUT HANS, 267 00:34:19,891 --> 00:34:27,465 SAYS BROOKS AND OTHER DIRECTORS, IS HOW DEEPLY INVOLVED HE GETS IN MORE THAN JUST WRITING THE MUSIC. 268 00:34:27,532 --> 00:34:37,208 HIS PROCESS TYPICALLY BEGINS WITH A CONVERSATION WITH THE DIRECTOR LONG BEFORE A SINGLE FRAME OF THE MOVIE IS SHOT. 269 00:34:37,275 --> 00:34:43,147 >> YOU TALK ABOUT WHAT THE MOVIE'S ABOUT. THE STORY OF IT. WHAT THE SCENE'S ABOUT. 270 00:34:43,214 --> 00:34:46,417 YOU DON'T TURN TO A COMPOSER FOR THAT. >> SO HE BECOMES ALMOST A PARTNER IN THE -- 271 00:34:46,484 --> 00:34:51,322 >> ABSOLUTELY -- >> -- WRITING AND THE DIRECTING -- >> YEAH, YEAH, YEAH -- 272 00:34:51,389 --> 00:34:56,761 >> -- EVERY PHASE? >> YEAH, YEAH. >> ON "GLADIATOR," HE PARTNERED WITH DIRECTOR RIDLEY SCOTT. 273 00:34:56,828 --> 00:35:02,200 HE SAYS HE TOLD HIM THAT HE THOUGHT THIS MOVIE SHOULD BE ABOUT MORE THAN JUST A MAN IN A SKIRT GOING INTO BATTLE. 274 00:35:02,266 --> 00:35:08,773 >> AND I FELT RIGHT AT THE BEGINNING WE NEEDED TO SET UP THE POSSIBILITY THAT IN THIS MOVIE WE COULD HAVE POETRY. 275 00:35:08,840 --> 00:35:14,712 >> CAN WE LISTEN JUST TO A BIT -- >> I MEAN -- >> -- OF THE MUSIC THAT YOU 276 00:35:14,779 --> 00:35:21,519 WROTE FOR THE -- ♪ >> IT STARTS OFF WITH JUST THIS NOTE. 277 00:35:21,586 --> 00:35:27,191 >> AND YOU SEE THE HAND. >> AND YOU SEE THE HAND. AND YOU'RE ALREADY IN A DIFFERENT WORLD. 278 00:35:27,258 --> 00:35:32,630 >> AND THERE'S -- NO ONE IS TALKING -- >> YOU LEFT THE 20th CENTURY. YOU DON'T EXPECT THE TENDERNESS. 279 00:35:32,697 --> 00:35:37,502 >> I MEAN, YOU ARE SETTING A MOOD. >> IT'S A CRY. IT'S A CRY. 280 00:35:37,568 --> 00:35:44,208 >> HIS LOVE OF MUSIC -- HIS OBSESSION -- GREW OUT OF HIS CHILDHOOD IN WEST GERMANY. WHILE OTHER KIDS LIKED TO PLAY 281 00:35:44,275 --> 00:35:49,447 GAMES, HE LIKED TO PLAY THE PIANO. >> SO DID YOU TAKE PIANO LESSONS? 282 00:35:49,514 --> 00:35:54,886 >> ABSOLUTELY. IT WAS TWO WEEKS OF ABSOLUTE TORTURE. >> TWO WEEKS? 283 00:35:54,952 --> 00:35:59,223 >> WELL, YEAH, BECAUSE HE THEN WENT TO MY MOTHER AND SAID, "IT'S EITHER HIM OR ME." AND, LUCKILY, MY MOTHER MADE THE 284 00:35:59,290 --> 00:36:06,898 RIGHT CHOICE. SHE KEPT ME, YOU KNOW? [ LAUGHTER ] NO, NO -- 285 00:36:06,964 --> 00:36:11,769 >> I DROVE -- I DROVE HIM CRAZY. YOU KNOW, I'M 6 YEARS OLD. SO MY IDEA WAS A PIANO TEACHER IS SOMEBODY WHO TEACHES YOU HOW 286 00:36:11,836 --> 00:36:17,742 TO -- THE STUFF THAT'S GOING ON IN YOUR HEAD, HOW TO GET THAT INTO YOUR FINGERS. THAT'S NOT WHAT THEY DO. 287 00:36:17,808 --> 00:36:23,681 THEY MAKE YOU DO SCALES. THEY MAKE YOU PLAY OTHER PEOPLE'S MUSIC. AND I DIDN'T WANT TO DO OTHER 288 00:36:23,748 --> 00:36:28,419 PEOPLE'S MUSIC. >> RIGHT FROM THE BEGINNING. >> RIGHT FROM THE BEGINNING. BUT I PROMISE YOU, I KNOW MY 289 00:36:28,486 --> 00:36:36,727 BEETHOVEN AND MY BRAHMS INSIDE OUT. >> HE LEARNED ABOUT THEM FROM HIS MOTHER, A CLASSICALLY 290 00:36:36,794 --> 00:36:41,632 TRAINED PIANIST. >> AND THERE IS THE OTHER SIDE, WHICH WAS MY DAD WHO WAS AN EXTRAORDINARILY APPALLING JAZZ 291 00:36:41,699 --> 00:36:48,139 CLARINETIST, BUT WITH GREAT ENTHUSIASM. IN THE MIDDLE OF HIS WORK DAY, HE'D GET OUT THE CLARINET. 292 00:36:48,205 --> 00:36:55,179 I'D BE BANGING AROUND ON -- AND WE'D BE JAMMING, YOU KNOW? SO THAT'S WHERE I GOT THE JOY. >> INSTEAD OF COLLEGE, HE BECAME 293 00:36:55,246 --> 00:37:06,657 A ROCK AND ROLLER PERFORMING WITH THE BUGGLES. ♪ VIDEO KILLED THE RADIO STAR ♪ >> HE'S THAT YOUNG GUY IN THE 294 00:37:06,724 --> 00:37:16,934 BLACK JACKET ON THE SYNTHESIZER. THEY MADE POP HISTORY IN 1981 WITH THE FIRST MUSIC VIDEO TO AIR ON MTV. 295 00:37:17,001 --> 00:37:25,610 HE BEGAN COMPOSING SCORES FOR LOW-BUDGET FILMS, ONE OF WHICH IN 1988 CAUGHT THE ATTENTION OF THE HOLLYWOOD DIRECTOR BARRY 296 00:37:25,676 --> 00:37:32,149 LEVINSON -- >> SO, THIS IS WHERE IT ALL BEGAN. >> -- WHO SHOWED UP ONE NIGHT 297 00:37:32,216 --> 00:37:39,757 OUT OF THE BLUE AT WHAT WAS THEN HANS' LONDON STUDIO. >> AND SO HE SAID, "WOULD I MIND COMING TO LOS ANGELES AND MAYBE 298 00:37:39,824 --> 00:37:46,263 DOING HIS MOVIE?" SO, OFF I WENT TO LOS ANGELES. AND I GOT NOMINATED FOR AN OSCAR. 299 00:37:46,330 --> 00:37:51,168 >> FIRST MOVIE, REALLY. >> FIRST MOVIE. I DIDN'T WIN, BUT IT DIDN'T MATTER BECAUSE EVERYBODY WANTED 300 00:37:51,235 --> 00:37:59,777 TO MEET ME. >> THAT FILM WAS NO LESS THAN "RAIN MAN," WHICH LED TO "DRIVING MISS DAISY," "THELMA & 301 00:37:59,844 --> 00:38:11,222 LOUISE," "BLACK RAIN," AND MORE THAN 140 OTHER FILMS THAT BEGAN TO PUSH THE SOUND OF MOVIE MUSIC INTO A NEW DIRECTION. 302 00:38:11,288 --> 00:38:22,533 >> I LOVE THE IDEA THAT ELECTRONICS LET YOU SHAPE SOUNDS IN A WAY THAT GO BEYOND THE WAY AN ORCHESTRA CAN. 303 00:38:22,600 --> 00:38:32,376 >> HE BECAME A PIONEER IN FUSING ELECTRONICS WITH ORCHESTRAL MUSIC, USING HIS SECRET WEAPON: A DIGITAL LIBRARY THAT HE BUILT 304 00:38:32,443 --> 00:38:41,085 HIMSELF, WITH ORIGINAL COMPUTER CODE. HE PAINSTAKINGLY RECORDED EACH INSTRUMENT IN A REAL ORCHESTRA, 305 00:38:41,152 --> 00:38:50,261 NOTE BY NOTE, USING WORLD-CLASS MUSICIANS AND THE FINEST INSTRUMENTS, AND LOADING IT ALL INTO HIS COMPUTER. 306 00:38:50,327 --> 00:38:56,767 >> TAKE A VIOLIN. AND YOU HAVE THE VIOLIN PLAY MIDDLE C. AND THEN YOU HAVE THAT 307 00:38:56,834 --> 00:39:02,807 INSTRUMENT PLAY MIDDLE C LOUD, SOFT, AND ALL DIFFERENT. >> OH, YEAH. LOOK, LOOK. 308 00:39:02,873 --> 00:39:11,482 IT CAN PLAY PIZZICATO. IT CAN PLAY SHORT, YOU KNOW. >> SO, YOU'RE NOT MAKING IT PICCATO. 309 00:39:11,549 --> 00:39:16,921 THEY PLAYED IT THAT WAY. >> THEY PLAYED IT THAT WAY. >> AND YOU'RE BRINGING THAT UP? WHOA. 310 00:39:16,987 --> 00:39:25,596 THAT MUST'VE TAKEN MONTHS. >> NO, IT'S ACTUALLY TAKEN YEARS. >> AND MILLIONS OF DOLLARS. 311 00:39:25,663 --> 00:39:35,339 HE DOESN'T WRITE OUT HIS COMPOSITIONS ON PAPER, HIS COMPUTER DOES IT FOR HIM, AND IT HELPS CREATE THE "UNCONVENTIONAL 312 00:39:35,406 --> 00:39:42,913 SOUND" YOU'D FIND IN HIS SCORES. >> SCRAPING METAL. >> YEAH. >> AND ELECTRONIC THUDS. 313 00:39:42,980 --> 00:39:49,587 MUSIC? >> IT CAN BE. EVERYTHING CAN BE MADE TO BE A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT IN ONE WAY OR 314 00:39:49,653 --> 00:39:57,027 THE OTHER. >> HE OFTEN COLLABORATES WITH PEDRO EUSTACHE, A WORLD-CLASS FLAUTIST, WHO HAS BUILT 315 00:39:57,094 --> 00:40:09,940 CONTRAPTIONS THAT PRODUCE UNUSUAL SOUNDS THAT HANS THINKS UP FOR HIS MOVIES. >> THIS IS AN OSTRICH EGG, OKAY? 316 00:40:10,007 --> 00:40:15,479 >> THAT'S AN OSTRICH EGG! YOU PUT THE HOLES IN. >> YEAH, AND I PUT ALL THAT THERE. 317 00:40:15,546 --> 00:40:19,283 AND, IT'S A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT. >> SO YOU MADE -- >> YEAH. >> -- AN OCARINA OUT OF THE 318 00:40:19,350 --> 00:40:25,790 OSTRICH -- >> LET ME EXPLAIN. >> YES, PLEASE. >> WHEN HE'S NOT STEALING EGGS 319 00:40:25,856 --> 00:40:32,296 AT THE ZOO, HE IS A VERY GOOD CUSTOMER OF HOME DEPOT. AND -- [ LAUGHTER ] 320 00:40:32,363 --> 00:40:39,336 AND SO MANY OF HIS INSTRUMENTS MADE OUT OF PVC PIPING. >> PEDRO ACTUALLY USED PVC PIPING TO COME UP WITH THIS 321 00:40:39,403 --> 00:40:46,977 21-FOOT-LONGHORN THAT HANS WANTED FOR "DUNE." HE'S CURRENTLY WORKING ON "DUNE: PART TWO." 322 00:40:47,044 --> 00:40:57,822 >> GUTE NACHT HAMBURG! >> AND NOW HE GOES ON TOUR WITH A 38-PIECE ORCHESTRA AND BAND TO PERFORM HIS MOVIE SCORES. 323 00:40:57,888 --> 00:41:03,861 >> HOW HAVE YOU CHANGED? YOU'VE BEEN WORKING AT THIS FOR 40 YEARS. >> I TELL YOU WHAT. 324 00:41:03,928 --> 00:41:10,367 SO, WHEN YOU START OUT, YOU HAVE ALL THAT STUFF THAT YOU'VE NEVER DONE BEFORE. EVERY MOVIE HAD EVERY IDEA, 325 00:41:10,434 --> 00:41:21,245 EVERY DEVICE, EVERY CHORD CHANGE, EVERY -- WHATEVER IN IT. NOW, I THINK IT'S MORE OF FIGURING IT OUT WHAT TO DO NEW. 326 00:41:21,312 --> 00:41:30,020 BUT IT BECOMES HARDER AND HARDER, BECAUSE I'VE USED UP SO MUCH AMMUNITION IN THE PAST. >> HE TOLD US THAT AFTER MORE 327 00:41:30,087 --> 00:41:38,062 THAN 150 FILMS, HE LIVES IN CONSTANT FEAR OF THE DAY HIS PHONE WILL STOP RINGING. >> EVEN AFTER 150? 328 00:41:38,128 --> 00:41:44,034 DO YOU THINK YOU'RE MOTIVATED BY THAT FEAR? >> BUT IT'S ONLY 150. DO YOU KNOW WHAT I MEAN? 329 00:41:44,101 --> 00:41:48,906 [ LAUGHTER ] IT'S LIKE, WHAT IF 151 IS A COMPLETE DISASTER? [ LAUGHTER ] 330 00:41:48,973 --> 00:41:54,345 >> OH, WOW. >> YOU KNOW, I'M STILL ALIVE. YOU KNOW, I'M 65 YEARS OLD NOW AND PEOPLE ARE GOING, "ARE YOU 331 00:41:54,411 --> 00:41:59,216 GOING TO RETIRE? YOU GOING TO GO AND PUT YOUR FEET UP?" AND I'M GOING, "NO, I'M FULL OF 332 00:41:59,283 --> 00:42:11,896 IDEAS, I'M JUST GETTING STARTED." >> DO YOU REALLY THINK THAT? >> I REALLY THINK 333 00:42:11,962 --> 00:42:24,241 >>> I'M SCOTT PELLEY. WE'LL BE BACK NEXT WEEK WITH ANOTHER EDITION OF "60 MINUTES. >>> AT THE CBS EVENING NEWS, WE 334 00:42:24,308 --> 00:42:29,346 FOCUS ON SOLUTIONS. TIPS TO PROTECT YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION. WE LOOK AT A STORY AND WE SAY 335 00:42:29,413 --> 00:42:33,517 HOW DO WE MAKE IT RELEVANT TO PEOPLE'S LIVES. THIS IS WHAT WE EAT TO LIVE LONGER. 336 00:42:33,584 --> 00:42:39,924 FINDING SOLUTIONS, GIVING PEOPLE CONTEXT AND DEPTH. HOW MUCH MONEY WE CAN SPEND ON GROCERIES, FINDING SOLUTIONS TO 337 00:42:39,990 --> 00:42:44,528 HEALTHCARE PROBLEMS. BASED ON ALL THE DOCTORS THAT YOU'VE SPOKEN WITH, WHAT SHOULD PARENTS KNOW? 338 00:42:44,595 --> 00:42:49,633 FINDING SOLUTIONS TO HELP PEOPLE UNDERSTAND WHAT ARE THE RIGHT CHOICES TO MAKE FOR YOU AND YOUR FAMILY. 339 00:42:49,700 --> 00:42:54,972 WE TAKE A CLOSER LOOK AT AN IMPORTANT DECISION, A GROWING NUMBER OF WOMEN ARE MAKING. INFORMATION IS KNOWLEDGE, AND 340 00:42:55,039 --> 00:43:03,013 KNOWLEDGE IS POWER. THE CBS EVENING NEWS WITH NORAH O'DONNELL ON CBS AND STREAMING ON PARAMOUNT+.