1 00:02:03,790 --> 00:02:10,830 >>> IN JANUARY, UGANDA DECLARED AN END TO THE OUTBREAK OF THE DEADLY EBOLA VIRUS THAT ALARMED SCIENTISTS IN 2022. 2 00:02:10,897 --> 00:02:19,706 NO CASES WERE DISCOVERED OUTSIDE AFRICA, BUT EBOLA REMAINS AMONG THE DEADLIEST OF PATHOGENS CAPABLE OF JUMPING FROM WILD 3 00:02:19,772 --> 00:02:27,947 ANIMALS TO HUMANS, JUST AS COVID-19 LIKELY DID. IT'S CALLED SPILLOVER. DISEASE DETECTIVES WARNED THE 4 00:02:28,014 --> 00:02:36,923 THREAT OF SPILLOVER HAS NEVER BEEN HIGHER AS URBAN POPULATIONS GROW AND COME INTO CONTACT WITH WILD ANIMALS AND THEIR VIRUSES. 5 00:02:36,990 --> 00:02:44,831 SINCE 2009, AMERICAN SCIENTISTS HAVE DISCOVERED MORE THAN 900 NEW VIRUSES. AS WE FIRST REPORTED IN OCTOBER, 6 00:02:44,898 --> 00:02:52,038 NOW THE U.S. GOVERNMENT IS DOUBLING DOWN, SENDING VIRUS HUNTERS TO GLOBAL HOT SPOTS TO FIND THE NEXT DEADLY VIRUS 7 00:02:52,105 --> 00:03:00,647 BEFORE IT FINDS US. WE JOINED A TEAM FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS AND THEIR UGANDAN PARTNERS IN 8 00:03:00,713 --> 00:03:11,224 THE RUGGED IMPENETRABLE FOREST ON THE SEARCH FOR PATHOGEN X. WE LANDED IN KIHIHI. A SPECK OF A TOWN IN SOUTHWEST 9 00:03:11,291 --> 00:03:20,833 UGANDA. AS WE HEADED OFF TO THE IMPENETRABLE FOREST, WE SOON SAW HOW IT GOT ITS NAME. 10 00:03:20,900 --> 00:03:32,278 IT'S SO THICK WITH TREES, VINES AND ROOTS THAT UGANDANS CALL IT THE PLACE OF DARKNESS. AS OUR 4 BY 4s BUMPED AND 11 00:03:32,345 --> 00:03:40,720 SWERVED ALONG DEEPLY RUTTED TRACKS, WE PASSED TEA FARMERS, LOGGER, VILLAGER, ALL LIVING ON THE EDGE OF THE FOREST WHERE THE 12 00:03:40,787 --> 00:03:49,028 RISK OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE SPILLING OVER FROM ANIMALS IS HIGHEST. WILDLIFE EPIDEMIOLOGIST 13 00:03:49,095 --> 00:03:54,734 CHRISTINE JOHNSON HANDICAPPED THE STAKES. HOW WOULD YOU RATE THE ODDS OF ANOTHER PANDEMIC? 14 00:03:54,801 --> 00:04:03,443 >> I WOULD SAY ANOTHER PANDEMIC IS GUARANTEED. >> GUARANTEED? >> IT'S NOT A MATTER OF IF, BUT 15 00:04:03,509 --> 00:04:07,046 WHEN. THAT'S WHY WE'RE SO COMMITTED TO PREPARATION. >> JOHNSON LEADS THE UC DAVIS 16 00:04:07,113 --> 00:04:13,419 TEAM AND HAS BEEN HUNTING VIRUSES AROUND THE GLOBE FOR DECADES. WE WERE HEADED TO AN ABANDONED 17 00:04:13,486 --> 00:04:20,927 MINE SHAFT TO LOOK FOR BATS. JOHNSON TOLD US BATS ARE PRIME SUSPECTS FOR SPILLOVER. THEY HARBOR MORE VIRUSES LETHAL 18 00:04:20,994 --> 00:04:31,137 TO HUMANS THAN ANY OTHER MAMMAL. NEW BAT SPECIES AND NEW VIRUSS ARE STILL BEING DISCOVERED. IT SEEMS LIKE A REALLY DAUNTING 19 00:04:31,204 --> 00:04:38,211 TASK FOR YOU TO FIND PATHOGEN X BEFORE IT FINDS US. >> IT'S DEFINITELY ACHIEVABLE. >> IT IS ACHIEVABLE? 20 00:04:38,277 --> 00:04:44,150 >> ABSOLUTELY. IT'S ALL HERE RIGHT NOW, RIGHT? IT'S NOT LIKE WE'RE EXPLORING OUTER SPACE. 21 00:04:44,217 --> 00:04:51,057 ALL OF THESE VIRUSES AND ALL OF THE WILDLIFE ARE RIGHT HERE ON OUR PLANET. >> THE BATS WOULD START FLYING 22 00:04:51,124 --> 00:05:00,933 AT DUSK. WE WAITED AS THE UC DAVIS TEAM AND THEIR UGANDAN PARTNERS HUNG A FINE MESH NET ACROSS THE 23 00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:09,142 ENTRANCE OF THE CAVE. WE WORE MASKS AND GOGGLES TO PROTECT OURSELVES AGAINST ANY EARLY RISERS. 24 00:05:09,208 --> 00:05:18,685 BENARD SSEBIDE, ONE OF UGANDA'S TOP WILDLIFE VETS, TOLD US THIS AREA USED TO BE ALL FOREST. NOW VILLAGERS HAD PLANTED A CORN 25 00:05:18,751 --> 00:05:27,794 FIELD RIGHT UP TO THE MOUTH OF THE BAT CAVE, INCREASING THE RISK OF SPILLOVER. AS IF ON CUE, WE WATCHED WOMEN 26 00:05:27,860 --> 00:05:35,768 CARRYING WATER CUT THROUGH THE CORN FIELD WHILE SCHOOL CHILDREN RAN HOME. THE TRANSFER BETWEEN BATS AND 27 00:05:35,835 --> 00:05:42,341 HUMANS, IT'S MUCH MORE LIKELY WHEN YOU'VE GOT PEOPLE LIVING SO CLOSE? >> EXACTLY. 28 00:05:42,408 --> 00:05:50,650 THE POPULATION HAS GROWN. PEOPLE HAVE MOVED INTO AREAS THEY'VE NEVER HAD BEFORE. THAT SHRINKAGE OF THE BUFFER 29 00:05:50,717 --> 00:05:57,790 BETWEEN THE PEOPLE AND WILDLIFE HAS BECOME SO NARROW SO THAT INCREASES THE CONTACT. >> WE'RE TALKING ABOUT PEOPLE 30 00:05:57,857 --> 00:06:02,228 WHO ARE NOW LIVING. >> CLOSE. >> RIGHT ON THE EDGE. >> EXACTLY. 31 00:06:02,295 --> 00:06:07,800 >> OF THE IMPENETRABLE FOREST. >> EXACTLY. THE GOVERNMENT CANNOT STOP PEOPLE FROM MOVING IN SOME OF 32 00:06:07,867 --> 00:06:15,141 THESE AREAS BECAUSE THEY HAVE NOWHERE ELSE TO GO. >> BATS ARE KNOWN TO CARRY CORONAVIRUSES, THE SAME VIRUS 33 00:06:15,208 --> 00:06:24,417 FAMILY THAT SPAWNED COVID-19, AS WELL AS LETHAL EBOLA VIRUSES. >> MAKE SURE THERE IS FRUIT. >> SO WE HAD TO DRESS 34 00:06:24,484 --> 00:06:33,059 HEAD-TO-TOE IN PROTECTIVE GEAR. ONCE THAT HAZMAT SUIT WAS ON, WE ADDED TWO SETS OF GLOVE, A MASK, AND A FACE SHIELD TO GUARD 35 00:06:33,126 --> 00:06:38,698 AGAINST FLYING GUANO AND OTHER TOXINS. ONCE WE BEGIN, I MUST ASSUME EVERYTHING IS CONTAMINATED? 36 00:06:38,765 --> 00:06:45,772 >> EXACTLY. >> THE IMPENETRABLE FOREST WAS SOON PITCH-BLACK, AND WEED WILL ONLY THE LIGHT FROM OUR 37 00:06:45,838 --> 00:06:53,679 HEADLAMPS TO GUIDE US. SOON THEY TRAPPED A LARGE EGYPTIAN FRUIT BAT. WILDLIFE VET BENARD SSEBIDE 38 00:06:53,746 --> 00:07:03,790 GENTLY DISENAITANGLED IT AND PU IT IN A FABRIC SACK. WE FOLLOWED HIM BACK TO THE MAKESHIFT LAB, GLOWING IN THE 39 00:07:03,856 --> 00:07:08,227 DARK. THE BAT SACKS QUIVERED IN THE GHOSTLY LIGHT. IT FELT LIKE WE WERE ON THE SET 40 00:07:08,294 --> 00:07:14,167 OF A SCI-FI MOVIE. OH, A BIG GUY. >> YEAH. >> UP CLOSE, THE BATS DID LITTLE 41 00:07:14,233 --> 00:07:21,374 TO DISPEL THEIR FEARSOME REPUTATIONS. WE WATCHED AS THE FRUIT BAT GREW AGITATED, TRYING TO ESCAPE. 42 00:07:21,440 --> 00:07:30,817 THE SCIENTIST HELD ITS NOSE TO A TEST TUBE FILLED WITH A MILD ANESTHETIC. FINALLY, THE BAT SUCCUMBED. 43 00:07:30,883 --> 00:07:36,856 EPIDEMIOLOGIST CHRISTINE JOHNSON TOLD US THE BAT WOULD BE SWABBED FOR A SUITE OF VIRUSES. DOES THIS HURT THE BAT AT ALL? 44 00:07:36,923 --> 00:07:45,264 >> NO, IT DOESN'T HURT THE BAT. WE GET THE RIGHT SIZED SWAB SO WE'RE JUST DOING AN ORAL SAMPLE. IT MIGHT BE A LITTLE 45 00:07:45,331 --> 00:07:52,004 UNCOMFORTABLE. >> THE BAT'S WINGS WERE EXAMINED FOR TEAR SITES AND TICS THAT ALSO MIGHT HAVE PATHOGENS. 46 00:07:52,071 --> 00:08:01,013 ALL THE SAMPLES WOULD BE SENT TO A LAB FOR DNA SEQUENCING. JOHNSON TOLD US A VIRUS' GENETIC CODE CAN HELP US IDENTIFY WHICH 47 00:08:01,080 --> 00:08:08,454 MIGHT CROSS TO HUMANS. >> THERE YOU GO, THERE YOU GO. >> AFTER THE TESTS WERE DONE, THE BATS WERE RELEASED, GROGGY, 48 00:08:08,521 --> 00:08:16,095 BUT UNHARMED. THE NEXT DAY WE JOINED TIERRA SMILEY EVANS, A UC DAVIS EPIDEMIOLOGIST AND WILDLIFE VET. 49 00:08:16,162 --> 00:08:22,869 WE WERE LOOKING FOR MONKEYS. >> OH, YEAH! >> AND BABOONS. LIKE BATS, PRIMATES CARRY MANY 50 00:08:22,935 --> 00:08:29,542 VIRUSES THAT HAVE LEAPT TO PEOPLE. SMILEY EVANS TOLD US CATCHING AN OUTBREAK EARLY AT THE POINT OF 51 00:08:29,609 --> 00:08:35,982 SPILLOVER IS VITAL TO CONTAINING IT. IT SOUNDS LIKE THERE IS NO SHORTAGE OF VIRUSES THAT CAN 52 00:08:36,048 --> 00:08:41,354 INFECT HUMANS THAT COME OUT OF THE FOREST. >> THERE ARE PROBABLY MORE PATHOGENS THAT WE DON'T KNOW 53 00:08:41,420 --> 00:08:45,157 ABOUT THAN ONES THAT WE DO KNOW ABOUT. WE NEED TO GATHER MORE INFORMATION AND MORE 54 00:08:45,224 --> 00:08:51,330 INTELLIGENCE ABOUT WHAT MAY BE OUT THERE AND ABLE TO SPILL OVER BEFORE IT DOES. >> SO THEY COME RIGHT DOWN TO 55 00:08:51,397 --> 00:08:56,135 THE HOSPITAL? >> YEAH. IN THE BACK, IT BUTTS UP RIGHT AGAINST THE FOREST. 56 00:08:56,202 --> 00:09:02,341 >> WE MET HER AT THE BWINDI COMMUNITY HOSPITAL ON THE EDGE OF THE FOREST. THIS REALLY IS SOMETHING. 57 00:09:02,408 --> 00:09:09,682 >> SO IT'S CLOSE. >> WE SAW BABOONS CASUALLY STROLLING ON THE HOSPITAL GROUNDS, SOMETIMES GETTING INTO 58 00:09:09,749 --> 00:09:14,954 PATIENTS' ROOMS. >> WHENEVER YOU'RE CREATING A NEW OPPORTUNITY FOR HUMANS TO COME IN CONTACT WITH WILDLIFE 59 00:09:15,021 --> 00:09:24,263 POPULATIONS THAT THEY WERE NEVER IN CONTACT WITH BEFORE, YOU'RE CREATING A BRAND-NEW SITUATION. >> SO AS HUMAN POPULATIONS GROW, 60 00:09:24,330 --> 00:09:29,602 THAT'S PUSHING US INTO AREAS WE'VE NEVER BEEN BEFORE? >> EXACTLY. >> PUTTING US INTO CONTACT WITH 61 00:09:29,669 --> 00:09:34,674 ANIMALS WE'VE NEVER BEEN IN CONTACT WITH BEFORE? >> EXACTLY. >> TO FIND OUT WHAT VIRUSS THE 62 00:09:34,740 --> 00:09:43,649 BABOONS WERE CARRYING, SMILEY EVANS PIONEERED A SIMPLE BUT GROUNDBREAKING METHOD TO COLLECT SALIVA SAMPLES, THE STEALTH 63 00:09:43,716 --> 00:09:52,725 BANANA. TIED TO A STRING, THE BANANA IS TOSSED TO THE CURIOUS BABOONS. BUT HIDDEN INSIDE IS AN ORAL 64 00:09:52,792 --> 00:10:05,671 SWAB COATED IN SOMETHING SWEET THAT THE BABOONS LOVE TO CHEW. SMILEY EVANS AND UGANDAN WILDLIFE VET BUKAMBA NELSON 65 00:10:05,738 --> 00:10:09,976 PREPARED THE BANANAS EARLIER IN THE DAY. >> WE STRIDE STRAWBERRY JAM, MANGO JUICE. 66 00:10:10,042 --> 00:10:16,949 >> DO THEY LIKE ONE MORE THAN THE OTHER? >> THE DIFFERENCE IS SOMETIMES THEY'LL CHEW ON THAT SWAB FOR A 67 00:10:17,016 --> 00:10:24,824 LONGER PERIOD OF TIME WITH A DIFFERENT ATTRACTANT, AND THAT'S WHAT WE WANT. >> IT'S LIKE BUBBLE GUM FOR 68 00:10:24,890 --> 00:10:30,596 PRIMATES. WHEN THE SWEET IS GONE, THE BABOONS THROW THE SWAB AWAY, LEAVING BEHIND PLENTY OF SALIVA 69 00:10:30,663 --> 00:10:36,068 245 CAN BE CODED FOR VIRUSES. BUT FAMILY POLITICS CAN SOMETIMES GET IN THE WAY. MEET THE BIG DADDY OF THIS 70 00:10:36,135 --> 00:10:42,341 TROOP. HE WANT ABOUT TO LET ANYONE ELSE GET EVEN A MOUTHFUL. MOM HAULED THE BABIES OUT OF THE 71 00:10:42,408 --> 00:10:50,149 WAY UNTIL FINALLY THE COAST WAS CLEAR. BY THEN, ALL THAT WAS LEFT WERE SOGGY LEFTOVERS. 72 00:10:50,216 --> 00:11:13,506 WILDLIFE VET BUKAMBA NELSON TOLD US IT WAS WORTH THE WAIT. IT WAS RARE TO SEE BABIES VENTURE THIS CLOSE. 73 00:11:30,823 --> 00:11:36,162 >> SILENT. S THEN CAN MATCH HUMAN ILLNESSES TO THE ANIMAL VIRUSES THEY FOUND IN THE SAME AREA. 74 00:11:36,228 --> 00:11:42,201 SMILEY EVANS TOLD US IT WAS PUTTING PIECES OF A PUZZLE TOGETHER. >> ALL THE SAMPLES ARE TESTED IN 75 00:11:42,268 --> 00:11:49,442 THE SAME WAY FOR THE SAME PATHOGENS. SO THE GOAL IS IF WE'RE SAMPLING AT THE SAME TIME, IN THE SAME 76 00:11:49,508 --> 00:11:54,647 AREA WE CAN START TO CONNECT THE DOTS AND UNDERSTAND WHEN THERE HAS BEEN TRANSMISSION OF A PARTICULAR VIRUS. 77 00:11:54,713 --> 00:12:04,957 >> ONE OF THE MOST CLOSELY MONITORED SPECIES IN THE IMPENETRABLE FOREST ARE ITS STAR RESIDENTS, THE ENDANGERED 78 00:12:05,024 --> 00:12:12,531 MOUNTAIN GORILLA. NEARLY HALF THE WORLD'S REMAINING GORILLAS ARE HERE, 459 AT LAST COUNT. 79 00:12:12,598 --> 00:12:22,074 THEY'RE ALWAYS ON THE MOVE. SO WE SET OFF TO FIND THEM. ONE RIDGE LED TO ANOTHER. EACH STEEPER THAN THE LAST. 80 00:12:22,141 --> 00:12:31,984 THE FOREST WAS SO DENSE, THERE WAS NO SUNLIGHT AND NO GORILLAS. WILDLIFE VET BENARD SSEBIDE ASSURED US WE WERE ON THE RIGHT 81 00:12:32,051 --> 00:12:37,690 PATH. ARE YOU SEEING SIGNS OF THE GORILLAS AROUND HERE? >> YES, SEEN SOME ALREADY. 82 00:12:37,756 --> 00:12:45,431 >> OUR PORTERS BREEZED ALONG UNFAZED. WE NOT SO MUCH. THEN HOURS AFTER TREKKING, 83 00:12:45,498 --> 00:12:56,041 SUDDENLY THERE THEY WERE. WE SPOTTED A MOTHER FIRST HIGH IN THE TREES, GORGING ON TWIGS. SOON WE WERE SURROUNDED BY ALL 84 00:12:56,108 --> 00:13:05,017 19 MEMBERS OF AN EXTENDED FAMILY, INCLUDING A MASSIVE SILVERBACK AND ANOTHER MOTHER CRADLING HER INFANT. 85 00:13:05,084 --> 00:13:12,925 WE HAD PUT ON OUR MASKS, NOT TO PROTECT OURSELVES, BUT TO PROTECT THE GORILLAS FROM ANY INFECTION WE MIGHT BE CARRYING. 86 00:13:12,992 --> 00:13:20,332 AMY BOND IS WITH GORILLA DOCTORS, AN INTERNATIONAL CONSERVATION GROUP. SHE TOLD US HOW THEY IDENTIFY 87 00:13:20,399 --> 00:13:26,805 EACH GORILLA. >> JUST LIKE HUMANS WHERE WE EACH HAVE OUR OWN UNIQUE FINGERPRINT THAT HELPS US BE 88 00:13:26,872 --> 00:13:31,076 IDENTIFIABLE AS AN INDIVIDUAL, GORILLAS HAVE UNIQUE NOSE PRINTS. >> A NOSE PRINT? 89 00:13:31,143 --> 00:13:36,782 >> A NOSE PRINT. AND THAT'S WHAT ALLOWS US TO IDENTIFY THOSE INDIVIDUALS AND SO WE GO THROUGH AND WE MAKE 90 00:13:36,849 --> 00:13:42,788 SURE WE GET EACH INDIVIDUAL IN THE GROUP THAT WE CAN DO A VISUAL ASSESSMENT, LOOKING FOR SIGNS OF ILLNESS OR INJURY. 91 00:13:42,855 --> 00:13:51,096 >> BOND AND WILDLIFE VET BENARD SSEBIDE TOLD US THAT GORILLAS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO MANY OF THE SAME PATHOGENS THAT WE ARE, AND 92 00:13:51,163 --> 00:13:58,504 THEY CAN BE AN EARLY HARBINGER OF DISEASE. THE GORILLAS ARE MONITORED DAILY FOR ANY WARNING SIGNS. 93 00:13:58,571 --> 00:14:04,109 >> WHEN THEY'RE SICK, IT'S VERY SIMILAR, RIGHT? RUNNY NOSE, COUGHING, SNEEZING, THEY'RE NOT MOVING. 94 00:14:04,176 --> 00:14:12,284 THEY DON'T WANT TO EAT. >> IF A GORILLA IS LYING DOWN, SSEBIDE TOLD US, THEY'LL ASSESS IF HE IS RESTING OR IF SOMETHING 95 00:14:12,351 --> 00:14:19,491 ELSE IS PREVENTING HIM FROM MOVING. WE SPOTTED ONE YOUNG MALE ON HIS OWN, BUT AMY BOND TOLD US HE WAS 96 00:14:19,558 --> 00:14:26,665 LIKELY SUFFERING FROM A PROBLEM OF A DIFFERENT SORT. >> YOU CAN ALSO SOMETIMES TELL WHICH SILVERBACK IS DOMINANT BY 97 00:14:26,732 --> 00:14:32,938 THE NUMBER OF FEMALES AROUND HIM. >> SO THIS POOR GUY SITTING OVER HERE IS JUST OUT? 98 00:14:33,005 --> 00:14:41,847 >> HE'S ALWAYS SECOND CHOICE. >> ASIDE FROM A CASE OF WOUNDED MALE PRIDE, GORILLA DOCTORS AMY BOND TOLD US THIS FAMILY 99 00:14:41,914 --> 00:14:48,988 APPEARED TO BE THRIVING. BUT THEIR FUTURE ISN'T GUARANTEED, AND IF THEIRS ISN'T, NEITHER IS OURS. 100 00:14:49,054 --> 00:14:56,262 BOND TOLD US AS SPILLOVER THREATS GROW, IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO SEPARATE HUMAN HEALTH FROM THE HEALTH OF THE NATURAL WORLD. 101 00:14:56,328 --> 00:15:05,504 AS UC DAVIS SCIENTISTS CONTINUE THEIR WORK, THE SEARCH FOR PATHOGEN X IS A SEARCH FOR WHAT THREATENS THE ANIMALS OF THE 102 00:15:05,571 --> 00:15:10,209 IMPENETRABLE FOREST AS MUCH AS IT THREATENS US. 103 00:15:17,783 --> 00:15:25,824 >>> TONIGHT, WE WANT TO INTRODUCE YOU TO A MUSICIAN NAMED SONA JOBARTEH WHO INTRODUCED US TO THE BEAUTIFUL 104 00:15:25,891 --> 00:15:36,135 SOUND AND STORY OF A CENTURIES OLD INSTRUMENT CALLED THE KORA. IT'S A STRING INSTRUMENT FROM WEST AFRICA, PART OF A MUSICAL 105 00:15:36,201 --> 00:15:47,846 TRADITION THAT DATES BACK TO A 13th CENTURY EMPIRE AND HAS BEEN PASSED DOWN STRICTLY FROM FATHER TO SON, MAN TO MAN IN A SPECIAL 106 00:15:47,913 --> 00:15:56,422 SET OF FAMILIES EVER SINCE. AS WE FIRST REPORTED LAST FALL, SONA JOBARTEH WAS BORN INTO ONE OF THOSE FAMILIES CALL GRIOTS, 107 00:15:56,488 --> 00:16:04,396 THE DAUGHTER OF A GAMBIAN FATHER AND A BRITISH MOTHER. AFTER HUNDREDS OF YEARS OF MEN, SHE IS THE FIRST WOMAN TO MASTER 108 00:16:04,463 --> 00:16:13,572 THE KORA. IN HER PERFORMANCES AROUND THE WORLD AND IN HER WORK OFF STAGE, SHE SAYS SHE'S KEEPING TRADITION 109 00:16:13,639 --> 00:16:25,050 ALIVE THROUGH THE VERY ACT OF BREAKING IT. ♪ TAKE A LISTEN, AS WE DID, TO SONA JOBARTEH AS SHE PLAYS THE 110 00:16:25,117 --> 00:16:39,865 KORA. ♪ WITH ITS 21 STRINGS PLAYED BY JUST FOUR FINGERS, TWO ON EACH HAND, IT HAS A SOUND BOTH 111 00:16:39,932 --> 00:16:50,576 FOREIGN AND FAMILIAR. TO ME, IT'S LIKE A HARP. WHAT DO YOU COMPARE IT TO? >> I DON'T ACTUALLY COMPARE TO 112 00:16:50,642 --> 00:16:55,748 IT ANYTHING, BECAUSE IT'S NORMAL FOR ME. I COMPARE OTHER THINGS TO THE KORA. 113 00:16:55,814 --> 00:17:19,571 ♪ THE SONG SONA PLAYED FOR US CALLED JARABI IS A TRADITIONAL LOVE SONG, A SONG IN THE TRADITIONAL MANDINKA LANGUAGE. 114 00:17:19,638 --> 00:17:28,781 THE TRADITION GOES BACK TO THE 1200s WHEN A KINGDOM CALLED THE MALI EMPIRE REIGNED OVER A LARGE SWATH OF WEST AFRICA, THE 115 00:17:28,847 --> 00:17:35,821 TERRITORY OF SEVERAL MODERN-DAY COUNTRIES. THE MUSICIANS AND STORYTELLERS IN THE EMPIRE WERE MEN CALLED 116 00:17:35,888 --> 00:17:49,868 GRIOTS WHO COUNSELED KINGS, RESOLVED CONFLICTS, AND PASSED THE LEGENDS DOWN. WOMEN WERE SINGERS, BUT IT WAS 117 00:17:49,935 --> 00:18:01,580 ONLY MEN WHO WERE ALLOWED TO PLAY THE INSTRUMENTS. THAT IS UNTIL SONA JOBARTEH. AT 39, SHE HAS BECOME ONE OF THE 118 00:18:01,647 --> 00:18:12,324 FOREMOST KORA PLAYERS IN THE WORLD. ♪ [ SINGING IN A GLOBAL LANGUAGE ] 119 00:18:12,391 --> 00:18:18,764 PERFORMING WITH HER BAND ACROSS EUROPE, WEST AFRICA, AND HERE IN THE UNITED STATES AS WE SAW IN THIS PACKED THEATER OUTSIDE 120 00:18:18,831 --> 00:18:32,845 BOSTON. [ SINGING IN A GLOBAL LANGUAGE ] >> THIS IS MUSIC WHEN YOU HEAR IT, IT STILL TO THIS DAY CARRIES 121 00:18:32,911 --> 00:18:37,382 THE FEELING OF THE EMPIRE AT ITS GREATEST. YOU GET THAT FEELING OF ROYALTY. YOU GET THAT FEELING OF 122 00:18:37,449 --> 00:18:43,856 SOMETHING THAT YOU'RE SO PROUD ABOUT. >> TWO, THREE -- ♪ 123 00:18:43,922 --> 00:18:51,196 >> WHAT I THINK ABOUT WITH YOU IS YOU HAVE BROKEN TRADITION. >> IT'S NOT THE WAY I SEE MYSELF, MAINLY BECAUSE OF THE 124 00:18:51,263 --> 00:18:57,769 FACT OF BELIEVING THE TRADITION HAS TO EVOLVE. TRADITIONS ARE NOT STAGNANT. THEY ARE THINGS THAT GROW WITH 125 00:18:57,836 --> 00:19:04,443 HUMANITY, WITH SOCIETY, AND THEY ALWAYS HAVE. AT ONE TIME, THIS INSTRUMENT WAS NOT AROUND, AND THEN IT BECAME 126 00:19:04,510 --> 00:19:09,081 INVENTED AND MODERN. YET NOW IT'S CONSIDERED TRADITIONAL. IN TERMS OF ME BEING FEMALE, 127 00:19:09,147 --> 00:19:15,420 THIS IS A VERY CENTRAL AND IMPORTANT ADAPTATION THE TRADITION MUST TAKE IN ORDER TO BE ABLE TO BE RELEVANT TO OUR 128 00:19:15,487 --> 00:19:22,861 NEW SOCIETY. >> SONA JOBARTEH COMES TO THE GRIOT TRADITION AS BOTH INSIDER AND OUTSIDER. 129 00:19:22,928 --> 00:19:32,137 HER MOTHER IS A BRITISH ARTIST, HER FATHER, THE SON OF A LEGENDARY GAMBIAN KORA PLAYER WHOSE GRIOT FAMILY PEDIGREE 130 00:19:32,204 --> 00:19:40,979 TRACES BACK TO THE 13th CENTURY. THOUGH HER PARENTS' RELATIONSHIP DIDN'T LAST, SONA GREW UP IN BOTH WORLDS, THE UK AND HER 131 00:19:41,046 --> 00:19:50,055 GRANDFATHER'S FAMILY COMPOUND IN THE GAMBIA, WHERE SHE SAYS HER GRANDMOTHER URGED HER TO EMBRACE HER GRIOT HERITAGE, WHICH AS A 132 00:19:50,122 --> 00:19:54,826 GIRL MEANT SINGING. >> SHE USED TO KEEP TELLING ME, YOU HAVE TO SING. AND I NEVER WANTED TO SING. 133 00:19:54,893 --> 00:19:59,197 I HATED SINGING WITH A PASSION. >> WHY? YOU HAVE THE PERFECT VOICE. >> I DIDN'T LIKE IT. 134 00:19:59,264 --> 00:20:06,138 NEVER LIKED IT. >> BUT YOUR GRANDMOTHER KNEW YOU HAD A GREAT VOICE? >> I DON'T THINK SHE KNEW. 135 00:20:06,204 --> 00:20:12,377 BECAUSE I REFUSED AND I WAS A VERY STUBBORN CHILD. I WOULD SIT THERE. >> BUT SONA WAS DRAWN TO THE 136 00:20:12,444 --> 00:20:17,015 KORA. AND AS A LITTLE KID, NO ONE SEEMED TO MIND HER LEARNING SOME OF THE BASICS. 137 00:20:17,082 --> 00:20:26,625 SHE THINKS HER GRANDMOTHER MAY HAVE EVEN LIKED THE IDEA. IN THE UK, THOUGH, SHE STUDIED A DIFFERENT MUSICAL TRADITION, 138 00:20:26,692 --> 00:20:33,899 CLASSICAL CELLO, AND SHE EXCELLED, WINNING A SCHOLARSHIP AT AGE 14 TO A PRESTIGIOUS MUSIC BOARDING SCHOOL. 139 00:20:33,966 --> 00:20:40,138 WERE YOU ONE OF THE VERY FEW BIRACIAL KIDS IN THE SCHOOL? >> THE ONLY PERSON OF COLOR IN THE SCHOOL. 140 00:20:40,205 --> 00:20:44,943 >> THE ONLY PERSON? >> YES. I WAS INCREDIBLY SHY. AS A STUDENT, I NEVER TALKED. 141 00:20:45,010 --> 00:20:49,715 THAT'S MY OWN WAY OF SURVIVING THE YEARS, I SAY. >> WERE YOU SAD? WAS IT A TOUGH TIME? 142 00:20:49,781 --> 00:20:54,086 >> YES. IT WAS A VERY TOUGH TIME. HAPPINESS WAS NOT MAJOR PART OF IT. 143 00:20:54,152 --> 00:21:00,559 >> BUT SHE DID FIND ONE POINT OF CONNECTION TO HER LIFE IN THE GAMBIA. >> THE LIBRARY IN THE SCHOOL HAD 144 00:21:00,626 --> 00:21:05,864 A KORA THERE HANGING IN THE WALL. SO I WOULD BE ALWAYS LOOKING AT THIS THING. 145 00:21:05,931 --> 00:21:11,837 AND ONE DAY I DECIDED TO TAKE IT OFF THE WALL. IT WAS A TOTAL MESS, AS YOU CAN IMAGINE. 146 00:21:11,903 --> 00:21:18,577 SO WHAT I STARTED DOING, EVERY TIME I GET A LITTLE TIME WHERE THE PLACE IS QUIET, I WOULD TAKE IT OFF THE WALL, FIX A STRING 147 00:21:18,644 --> 00:21:22,914 AND PUT IT BACK. I WAS DOING IT, HOPING NOBODY WOULD NOTICE, KEPT TAKING IT OFF THE WALL. 148 00:21:22,981 --> 00:21:29,287 AND THERE WAS ONE LADY ONE OF THE LATE-NIGHT WORKERS. SHE SAID WHY DON'T YOU TAKE TO IT YOUR ROOM AND YOU CAN TAKE IT 149 00:21:29,354 --> 00:21:36,361 THERE AND KEEP WORKING ON IT. I HAD THE PERMISSION. IT BECAME MY SANITY. >> AND HER CALLING. 150 00:21:36,428 --> 00:21:44,069 AT 17, SHE DECIDED SHE NEEDED TO STUDY THE KORA PROPERLY, WHICH MEANT TAKING A PERSONAL RISK, APPEALING TO HER FATHER TO PASS 151 00:21:44,136 --> 00:21:53,679 THE TRADITION DOWN TO HER, HIS DAUGHTER AS HIS FATHER HAD TO HIM. THEY HADN'T SPENT MUCH TIME 152 00:21:53,745 --> 00:22:01,286 TOGETHER AS SONA JOBARTEH HAD BEEN LIVING AND PERFORMING MOSTLY ABROAD. FOR YEARS AND YEARS AND YEARS, 153 00:22:01,353 --> 00:22:06,058 KORA PLAYING WAS PASSED FATHER TO SON, FATHER TO SON. >> EXACTLY. >> AND ALONG COMES YOUR 154 00:22:06,124 --> 00:22:09,461 DAUGHTER, SONA. >> YEAH. >> DID SHE SAY, DAD, WILL YOU TEACH ME? 155 00:22:09,528 --> 00:22:15,801 >> YEAH, SHE SAID WHAT I REALLY WANT TO LEARN IS THE KORA. >> BUT GIRLS DIDN'T PLAY THE KORA AT THAT POINT. 156 00:22:15,867 --> 00:22:22,274 >> WHAT I TOLD HER, I SAID I WOULD LIKE IF I CLOSED MY EYES, I DON'T HAVE TO KNOW THE DIFFERENCE. 157 00:22:22,340 --> 00:22:26,178 THIS IS THE MAN IF YOU CAN DO THAT FOR ME. >> YOU JUST IMMEDIATELY SAID OKAY? 158 00:22:26,244 --> 00:22:33,151 >> I JUST IMMEDIATELY SAID OKAY. >> YOU NEVER HESITATED? >> I NEVER HESITATED, NO. >> I DON'T WANT YOU TO GET 159 00:22:33,218 --> 00:22:37,289 DISTRACTED OF THIS WHOLE IDEA OF BEING FEMALE. DON'T LET THAT GET INTO YOUR HEAD. 160 00:22:37,355 --> 00:22:44,663 DON'T LET IT DISTRACT YOU. YOUR AMBITION NEEDS TO BE A GOOD KORA PLAYER, NOT A FEMALE KORA PLAYER, JUST A GOOD KORA PLAYER. 161 00:22:44,730 --> 00:22:47,899 THAT WAS MY CHALLENGE AT THE BEGINNING. >> HOW HARD DID SHE WORK? >> SHE WORKED VERY, VERY HARD. 162 00:22:47,966 --> 00:22:57,542 ♪ >> SHE STARTED PERFORMING, SOMETIMES WITH HER FATHER, AND THEN WITH HER OWN BAND. 163 00:22:57,609 --> 00:23:11,423 SHE GOT ACCEPTANCE FIRST IN EUROPE. ♪ >> AND THEN BACK IN GAMBIA WITH 164 00:23:11,490 --> 00:23:19,765 A SONG AND VIDEO SHE RELEASED IN 2015 TO SEPARATE 50 YEARS OF GAMBIAN INDEPENDENCE. IT'S BECOME THE COUNTRY'S 165 00:23:19,831 --> 00:23:28,807 UNOFFICIAL NATIONAL ANTHEM WITH MORE THAN 24 MILLION VIEWS ON YOUTUBE. MINUS THE DANCERS, WE FOUND THE 166 00:23:28,874 --> 00:23:37,949 GAMBIA MUCH AS SONA'S VIDEO DEPICTED IT, A TINY COUNTRY ON AFRICA'S WEST COAST. IT'S A FORMER BRITISH COLONY 167 00:23:38,016 --> 00:23:44,623 THAT'S PREDOMINANTLY MUSLIM, PRECOLONIAL CULTURE RUNS DEEP HERE. SONA JOBARTEH'S NAME AND 168 00:23:44,689 --> 00:23:55,500 HERITAGE CARRY WEIGHT. AND SHE'S LEANING IN TO THAT ANCIENT GRIOT ROLE OF CUT CHURL LEADER TO ADVOCATE FOR WHAT SHE 169 00:23:55,567 --> 00:24:05,844 CALLS HER PURPOSE IN LIFE OUTSIDE MUSIC, CREATING A NEW MODEL OF AFRICAN EDUCATION. SHE HAS FOUNDED A SMALL SCHOOL 170 00:24:05,911 --> 00:24:18,924 CALLED THE GAMBIA ACADEMY, WHERE STUDENTS STUDY DANCE, DRUMMING, KORA, OF COURSE, AND ANOTHER TRADITIONAL GRIOT INSTRUMENT 171 00:24:18,990 --> 00:24:25,530 CALLED THE BALAFON. >> THE MUSIC GETS THE MOST ATTENTION BECAUSE EVERYONE SEES AND LIKES AND ENJOYS IT. 172 00:24:25,597 --> 00:24:30,468 BUT THEY'RE LEARNING ALL THE SAME SUBJECTS ANY OTHER SCHOOL, MATH, SCIENCE, HISTORY, ALL THESE THINGS. 173 00:24:30,535 --> 00:24:37,943 HOWEVER, HOW IS THAT IMPARTED TO YOU? >> SO CONTINUOUS MEANS WHAT? >> SONA MEANS MUCH EDUCATION IN 174 00:24:38,009 --> 00:24:47,252 AFRICA HAS BEEN SO DEEPLY ROOTED IN COLONIAL MODELS THAT ITS MESSAGE TO CHILDREN IS THAT THEIR OWN LEGACY IS SOMEHOW 175 00:24:47,319 --> 00:24:50,822 BACKWARD. >> SO THEY FAIL TO DO THINGS PROPERLY. WE'RE GOING TO DO IT IN THIS 176 00:24:50,889 --> 00:24:56,928 WAY. AND THIS WAY IS ALWAYS VERY MUCH A EUROPEAN WAY. MY CHALLENGE IS NOW CAN YOU GET 177 00:24:56,995 --> 00:25:04,870 THE SAME OUTPUT, SUCCESSFUL OUTPUT IF WE ACTUALLY CREATE, CHANGE THE CULTURAL ORIENTATION AT THE HEART AND CENTER OF THE 178 00:25:04,936 --> 00:25:09,875 EDUCATION SYSTEM. >> FROM YOUR ELBOW TO YOUR FINGERS, A STRAIGHT LINE. >> SO THE STUDENTS HERE WEAR 179 00:25:09,941 --> 00:25:16,214 TRADITIONAL AFRICAN UNIFORMS. >> WATCH THE HAND. SEVEN, EIGHT. ♪ 180 00:25:16,281 --> 00:25:21,953 >> AND GAMBIAN CULTURE IS CELEBRATED. ROHY AND BORRY HAVE BEEN COMING TO THE SCHOOL SINCE IT OPENED 181 00:25:22,020 --> 00:25:33,298 SEVEN YEARS AGO. HERE THERE ARE NO RESTRICTIONS BY GENDER OR PEDIGREE. ROHY IS LEARNING TO PLAY THE 182 00:25:33,365 --> 00:25:39,471 KORA, AND BORRY IS IN THE ADVANCED BALAFON CLASS. >> I LIKE IT. IT MAKES ME FEEL VERY HAPPY WHEN 183 00:25:39,537 --> 00:25:46,845 I'M PLAYING. >> ARE YOU GRIOT? >> NO. >> ARE YOU GRIOT? 184 00:25:46,912 --> 00:25:54,252 >> NO. >> AND YOU'RE FEMALE. LOOK AT YOU BOTH LAUGHING, BECAUSE YOU KNOW WHAT I'M 185 00:25:54,319 --> 00:25:57,088 TALKING ABOUT. >> YEAH. >> WON'T THAT BE AWFULLY DIFFICULT? 186 00:25:57,155 --> 00:26:03,762 >> YOU KNOW, WHAT A MAN A WOMAN CAN DO, A WOMAN CAN ALSO DO IT, YES. SO I'M NOT FROM A GRIOT FAMILY, 187 00:26:03,828 --> 00:26:10,502 BUT I LOVE TO PLAY KORA. AND WHEN YOU LOVE SOMETHING, YOU CAN DO IT. >> ARE YOU GETTING PUSHBACK FROM 188 00:26:10,568 --> 00:26:15,440 WITHIN THE SOCIETY? >> YES, OF COURSE. ESPECIALLY FROM OLDER GENERATIONS. 189 00:26:15,507 --> 00:26:26,384 BUT IT DOESN'T MATTER. ♪ >> SONA'S FIRST ALBUM WAS A MIX OF TRADITIONAL AND NEW SONGS. 190 00:26:26,451 --> 00:26:35,727 HER LATEST, WHICH WE SAW HER REHEARSING WITH HER BAND IS ALL ORIGINAL MUSIC. SHE WRITES ALL THE PARTS 191 00:26:35,794 --> 00:26:45,737 HERSELF, INCLUDING SONGS ABOUT EDUCATION, WOMEN, AND HER OWN IDENTITY. AND SHE SINGS THEM IN MANDINKA. 192 00:26:45,804 --> 00:26:52,811 >> FOR ME, WHEN I SING IN MY OWN LANGUAGE, WHEN I SING IN THE LANGUAGE THAT BELONGS TO THE GAMBIA, I AM GIVING YOU A SENSE 193 00:26:52,877 --> 00:27:00,285 OF PRIDE THAT YOU NEVER HAVE BEFORE. THAT YOUR LANGUAGE IS AS VALUABLE. 194 00:27:00,352 --> 00:27:07,092 ♪ >> WHEN I CAN GO TO AN INTERNATIONAL AUDIENCE, AND I CAN HAVE THE WHOLE AUDIENCE IN 195 00:27:07,158 --> 00:27:19,204 GERMANY, SPAIN, AMERICA, ALL OVER THE WORLD, AND THEY'RE SINGING MANDINKA. ♪ 196 00:27:19,270 --> 00:27:25,577 >> THE POWER SHE SAYS OF MUSIC. >> IT BECOMES A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE. I CAN TALK WITH ANYBODY FROM 197 00:27:25,643 --> 00:27:32,717 ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD USING MUSIC. CONSTITUENT I CAN'T DO THAT IN ANY OTHER 198 00:27:32,784 --> 00:27:41,459 FORM. ♪ >> AND SHE IS DOING ONE MORE THING, PASSING THE TRADITION 199 00:27:41,526 --> 00:27:53,204 DOWN TO HER 15-YEAR-OLD SON SIDIKI, A TALENTED BALAFON PLAYER PLAYER, A NEXT LINK FROM THE 200 00:27:53,271 --> 00:28:05,483 GRIOT PAST TO ITS FUTURE. ♪ YOU HAD SAID TO HER, WHEN I CLOSE MY EYES, I DON'T WANT TO HEAR A FEMALE KORA PLAYER. 201 00:28:05,550 --> 00:28:09,988 >> NO. >> I WANT TO HEAR A GREAT. >> YEAH. >> SO CLOSE YOUR EYES AND TELL 202 00:28:10,055 --> 00:28:20,532 US WHAT YOU HEAR? >> A HEAR A GREAT, GREAT, GREAT KORA PLAYER. [ SINGING IN A GLOBAL LANGUAGE ] 203 00:28:20,598 --> 00:28:29,774 [ APPLAUSE ] >> I'M VERY, VERY PROUD, DEFINITELY. >> THANK YOU SO MUCH. 204 00:28:33,812 --> 00:28:43,054 >> IN MAY, SONA JOBARTEH WAS AWARDED AN HONORARY DOCTORATE FROM THE BERKLEE SCHOOL OF MUSIC TOGETHER WITH USHER AND ROBERTA 205 00:28:43,121 --> 00:28:54,699 FLAK, AND HER SCHOOL, THE GAMBIA ACADEMY IS BREAKING GROUND THIS SUMMER ON A NEW AND EXPANDED CAMPUS. 206 00:29:02,173 --> 00:29:13,318 >>> BEFORE ARGENTINA WON THE WORLD CUP LAST FALL, BEFORE ALL MANNER OF OLS BROKE OUT ACROSSCUT TAR STADIUMS, THE 207 00:29:13,384 --> 00:29:20,825 SOUND EVENT WENT LIKE THIS, GOT, GOT, NEED. IT WASN'T SCALPERS HAWKING TICKETS, IT WAS THE REFRAIN OF 208 00:29:20,892 --> 00:29:27,065 FANS SIFTING THROUGH STICKERS. THINK SOCCER'S ANSWER TO BASEBALL CARDS. LEADING UP TO THE 1970 WORLD 209 00:29:27,132 --> 00:29:33,905 CUP, FOUR BROTHERS IN ITALY, THE PANINIS BEGAN PRINTING COLLECTIBLES FEATURING PLAYERS FROM EVERY COUNTRY IN THE 210 00:29:33,972 --> 00:29:44,849 COMPETITION. MORE THAN 50 YEARS LATER, FANS FROM ALL OVER TE GLOBE SCOUR FOR THAT OBSCURE SERBIAN 211 00:29:44,916 --> 00:29:54,392 GOALKEEPER OR LIONEL MESSI, HOPING TO COMPLETE THEIR ALBUMS. WE FIRST REPORTED IN NOVEMBER, THE PAN NEN ANY STICKER 212 00:29:54,459 --> 00:30:00,932 PHENOMENON HAS BECOME AN BIG BUSINESS AND ESSENTIAL PART OF THE WORLD CUP EXPERIENCE. FOR MILLIONS OF SOCCER FANS, THE 213 00:30:00,999 --> 00:30:09,541 WORLD CUP UNOFFICIALLY BEGINS WEEKS IN ADVANCE. WHEN THE PANINI STICKERS FOR THIS QUADRENNIAL EVENT SHOOT ON 214 00:30:09,607 --> 00:30:19,884 TO THE MARKET. >> YES! >> I GOT RONALDO! >> IN A CLASSROOM IN THE TOWN OF 215 00:30:19,951 --> 00:30:28,660 SUDBERRY, ENGLAND, IN THE THRUMMING CITIES OF SAO PAULO AND MEXICO CITY -- >> PANINI. 216 00:30:28,726 --> 00:30:38,236 >> FANS OF ALL STRIPES EMBARKED ON A COMMON TREASURE HUNT. COLLECTING 670 STICKERS DEPICTING THE PLAYERS AND TEAMS 217 00:30:38,303 --> 00:30:42,907 FROM THIS YEAR'S WORLD CUP. >> I'M LIKE SHAKING. I'M FINALLY DOING IT. >> ALL SO THEY CAN COMPLETE 218 00:30:42,974 --> 00:30:50,949 THEIR ALBUM. >> LISTEN, IF YOU HAVE GOLD OR PANINI STICKER TODAY, PEOPLE WILL GO FOR THE STICKER, NO THE 219 00:30:51,015 --> 00:30:55,186 GOLD. >> PANINI STICKER IS MORE VALUABLE THAN GOLD, YOU SAY? >> TODAY, YES. 220 00:30:55,253 --> 00:31:03,461 >> FRANCESCO FURNARI IS THE BIGGEST OFFICIAL PANINI DISTRIBUTOR IN THE UNITED STATES AN ITALIAN-VENEZUELAN AMERICAN, 221 00:31:03,528 --> 00:31:12,637 HE IS THE ULTIMATE PANINI STICKER EVANGELIST. >> 74. >> HE HAS COMPLETED EVERY 222 00:31:12,704 --> 00:31:17,909 STICKER ALBUM SINCE 1974, INCLUDING THE 2022 MANY TIMES OVER. >> I HAVE ALREADY SEVENTH. 223 00:31:17,976 --> 00:31:29,287 >> YOU'RE A MAN IN YOUR 50s. YOU HAVE SEVEN ALBUMS COMPLETED? >> AND STILL COUNTING. >> A PACK COSTS $1.20. 224 00:31:29,354 --> 00:31:37,862 AND FURNARI PREDICTS STICKER SALES FROM 2022 WILL REACH 100 MILLION IN THE U.S. ALONE. NEARLY A BILLION WORLDWIDE. 225 00:31:37,929 --> 00:31:44,102 WE'RE TALKING ABOUT A LITTLE PIECE OF PAPER WITH SOME ADHESIVE ON IT. WHAT MAKES IT SO SPECIAL? 226 00:31:44,168 --> 00:31:52,410 >> JON, YOU CAN UNDERSTAND THAT YOU HAVE ALL YOUR LEGENDS, YOU HAVE ALL YOUR BEST PLAYERS AT A DISTANCE OF, YOU KNOW, YOUR 227 00:31:52,477 --> 00:31:57,782 HAND. YOU WITH TOUCH THEM. YOU CAN TALK TO THEM. IT'S FANTASTIC. 228 00:31:57,849 --> 00:32:04,656 >> HOW COVET READY THESE THINGS? WHEN ARGENTINA RAN OUT OF STICKERS IN SEPTEMBER, ITS SECRETARY OF COMMERCE CALLED AN 229 00:32:04,722 --> 00:32:12,297 EMERGENCY MEETING TO SOLVE THIS NATIONAL CRISIS. >> WE LIVE IN A DIGITAL WORLD. HOW ARE THESE PAPER STICKERS 230 00:32:12,363 --> 00:32:26,344 STILL THIS POPULAR? >> THIS SENSATION, JON, TO GET A PACK, TO RIP IT OUT, TO SMELL IT, TO OPEN IT, AND TO FIND THE 231 00:32:26,411 --> 00:32:34,619 PLAYERS RIGHT HERE, THERE IS NO WAY YOU CAN REPLICATE IT. >> SO YOU EVEN HAVE A METHOD FOR HOW YOU'RE RIPPING THAT PACK 232 00:32:34,686 --> 00:32:39,524 OPEN? >> EVERY SINGLE PACK HAS TO BE DONE IN THE SAME WAY. BY THE WAY, I'VE OPENED AT 233 00:32:39,590 --> 00:32:44,462 LEAST -- >> YOU'VE DONE THIS BEFORE. >> PROBABLY 2,000 PACKS UP UNTIL NOW. 234 00:32:44,529 --> 00:32:50,501 OH MY GOD, GERMANY. THINKING WAS A GOOD ONE? >> THAT WAS A GOOD POOL. I LOVE IT! 235 00:32:50,568 --> 00:32:57,842 >> WE WENT TO MODENA, ITALY, TO PANINI'S HEADQUARTERS, THE EQUIVALENT OF WILLY WONKA'S FACTORY. 236 00:32:57,909 --> 00:33:11,422 AS PANINIS ROLLED OFF THE PRESS, 21 HOURS A DAY, 11 MILLION PACTS A DAY, EACH CONTAINING FIVE STICKERS, THE HEADLINERS, 237 00:33:11,489 --> 00:33:23,968 MBAPPE, MESSI, MODRIC, AND THE COMING STARS, PLAYERS WITH FOUR NAMES AND THERE IS FRED. THE PHENOMENON STARTED HERE NEXT 238 00:33:24,035 --> 00:33:33,945 TO THE CATHEDRAL AT A NEWSPAPER KIOSK IN THE CENTER OF TOWN. AFTER WORLD WAR II, OLGA PANINI, A WIDOW, RAN THE NEWSSTAND WITH 239 00:33:34,011 --> 00:33:41,452 HER FOUR SONS. NOT UNLIKE A SOCCER TEAM, EACH HAD A SPECIAL SKILL. THE OLDEST SON GUISEPPE WAS THE 240 00:33:41,519 --> 00:33:52,730 DREAM WERE THE BIG PLANS. WE MET GUISEPPE'S SON ANTONIO AND GUISEPPE'S NIECES. >> HE WAS LIKE A VOLCANO. 241 00:33:52,797 --> 00:33:58,136 HE HAD MANY, MANY IDEAS. >> A VOLCANO? >> YES. >> GUISEPPE'S INITIAL IDEA WAS 242 00:33:58,202 --> 00:34:06,277 TO SELL CARDS DEPICTING FLOWERS. >> AND WAS A DISASTER. BUT THEY REALIZED THE FORMULA WAS OKAY, NOT THE SUBJECT. 243 00:34:06,344 --> 00:34:13,484 >> SHORT OF LIRE, GUISEPPE HAD, AS IT WERE, ONE LAST SHOT ON GOAL. IT WAS 1961, AND HE TURNED TO A 244 00:34:13,551 --> 00:34:21,125 NEW SUBJECT, ITALIAN SOCCER. IT WAS A HIT, ESPECIALLY WITH THE KIDS. EVEN IF PRODUCTION WAS 245 00:34:21,192 --> 00:34:29,067 RUDIMENTARY. >> ALL THE STICKERS WERE PRINTED AND THEN WERE CUT AND THEY WERE MIXING WITH SHOVEL AT THE 246 00:34:29,133 --> 00:34:33,704 BEGINNING. >> TO MAKE SURE THERE WERE NO DUPLICATES? THEY MIXED WITH A SHOVEL. 247 00:34:33,771 --> 00:34:38,209 >> THEY REPLACED A SHOVEL WITH A CHURN. THE ONE THEY USE NORMALLY FOR MAKING BUTTER. 248 00:34:38,276 --> 00:34:44,015 >> THE BUTTER CHURN. >> YES, YES. THEY HAD THE HANDLE AND WERE MOVING THIS HANDLE AND IT WAS 249 00:34:44,081 --> 00:34:51,856 WORKING. >> GUISEPPE'S BROTHER UMBERTO, THE FAMILY ENGINEER INVENTED MACHINERY THAT MIXED STICKERS TO 250 00:34:51,923 --> 00:34:55,993 PREVENT DREADED DUPLICATES IN EACH PACK. HIS CONTRAPTIONS WERE SO SUCCESSFUL, THE DESIGNS ARE 251 00:34:56,060 --> 00:35:06,137 STILL IN USE TODAY, 60 YEARS LATER. AND ENABLED THE BROTHERS TO SCALE UP THEIR AMBITIONS BEFORE 252 00:35:06,204 --> 00:35:14,145 THE 1970 WORLD CUP IN MEXICO, THEY PAID A THOUSAND DOLLARS CASH TO SOCCER'S GOVERNING BODY TO BUY THE RIGHTS TO PRODUCE 253 00:35:14,212 --> 00:35:22,820 STICKERS OF THE PLAYERS, NOT LEAST THE GREAT PELE. SUDDENLY PANINI BECAME CHIEFLY ASSOCIATED NOT WITH A SANDWICH, 254 00:35:22,887 --> 00:35:31,863 BUT WITH A WORLDWIDE PASTIME. THE GROWTH OF THE STICKERS MIRRORING THE GROWTH OF SOCCER. >> SPAIN '82. 255 00:35:31,929 --> 00:35:38,202 >> ANTONION ALLEGRA, PANINI'S MARKETING DIRECTOR TOLD US HOW COLLECTING THE WORLD CUP ALBUMS OVER THE DECADES BECAME A RITE 256 00:35:38,269 --> 00:35:45,476 OF PASSAGE, ALSO A WAY TO MARK TIME. >> WELL, IT'S THE FIRST FOR MY DAUGHTER. 257 00:35:45,543 --> 00:35:51,682 >> THIS WAS MARADONA'S FIRST WORLD CUP? >> YEAH, YEAH. THIS IS GERMANY 2006. 258 00:35:51,749 --> 00:35:57,455 AND HERE WE HAVE A VERY, VERY YOUNG MESSI. >> THIS TEENAGER RIGHT HERE. >> YEAH, YEAH. 259 00:35:57,522 --> 00:36:04,662 HE IS 19. . THERE ARE COUNTRIES THAT HAVE FALLEN OFF THE MAP, AND 260 00:36:04,729 --> 00:36:10,835 HAIRSTYLES THAT HAVE FALLEN OUT OF FASHION. HE LOOKS LIKE THE DRUMMER. >> WHAT SIZE IS THAT? 261 00:36:10,902 --> 00:36:18,376 >> TODAY, PANINI STICKER PHOTO SHOOTS, LIKE THIS ONE IN ENGLAND, ARE THE WORLD CUP EQUIVALENT OF SCHOOL PICTURE 262 00:36:18,442 --> 00:36:30,721 DAY. >> LOVELY, THANK YOU. >> BACK IN ITALY, MARCELO MANORRI IS QUALITY CONTROL. 263 00:36:30,788 --> 00:36:36,761 >> SOMETIMES THE TICKETS MIGHT BE TOO DARK, MAYBE THERE IS A PIMPLE ON SOMEONE'S FACE, AND WE'RE ASKED TO REMOVE IT. 264 00:36:36,827 --> 00:36:42,099 >> A LITTLE PHOTO SHOP? >> CORRECT. >> I HEARD ONE STORY OF A FEDERATION ONCE GETTING IN TOUCH 265 00:36:42,166 --> 00:36:46,270 AND SAYING THIS GUY IS REALLY UGLY. CAN YOU DO SOMETHING ABOUT THAT? >> YES. 266 00:36:46,337 --> 00:36:51,008 IT'S THE TRUTH. >> SHALL WE NAME NAMES? >> NO. I'M STILL WORKING WITH THESE 267 00:36:51,075 --> 00:36:57,181 PEOPLE. >> SO WHAT DO YOU DO WHEN YOU GET THAT CALL? >> WE FIRST REPLY OF COURSE NO 268 00:36:57,248 --> 00:37:01,886 WORRY. I MEAN, WE'RE GOING CHANGE THE PICTURE. SECOND TIME, THIRD TIME, FOURTH 269 00:37:01,953 --> 00:37:07,091 TIME, THE FOURTH TIME I WILL SAY LISTEN, THIS IS HIS FACE. IT'S HIS FACE. I'M SORRY. 270 00:37:07,158 --> 00:37:19,704 WE DID ALL WE COULD. >> WHAT DO PLAYERS THINK OF STICKER MADNESS? WE ASKED GIGI BUFFON, WHO 271 00:37:19,770 --> 00:37:27,979 LITERALLY SAVED ITLY DURING ITS RUN TO THE WORLD CUP TROPHY IN 2006. >> AND WHAT A SAFE BY BUFFON. 272 00:37:28,045 --> 00:37:38,689 >> ONE OF THE GREATEST EVER GOALKEEPERS, AT AGE 44, HE IS NOT ONLY STILL PLAYING, BUT LET'S KEEP THIS BETWEEN US, HE 273 00:37:38,756 --> 00:37:48,699 IS STILL COLLECTING STICKERS, A HOBBY SINCE CHILDHOOD. WHEN YOU STILL COLLECT, WHERE ARE YOU GETTING YOUR STICKERS? 274 00:37:48,766 --> 00:37:55,640 >> NOW AND AGAIN I LIKE THE RITUAL OF GOING TO THE KIOSK TO BUY, SAY TEN PACKETS OF STICKERS. 275 00:37:55,706 --> 00:38:04,115 IT'S A LITTLE EMBARRASSING, BUT NOW I CAN SAY TO THE KIOSK OWNER THEY'RE FOR MY KIDS AND HE BELIEVES ME. 276 00:38:04,181 --> 00:38:10,054 DO PLAYERS SWAP STICKERS IN LOCKER ROOM? >> YES. I THINK IF WE WERE REALLY TO 277 00:38:10,121 --> 00:38:20,464 INVESTIGATE ALL THE PLAYERS IN THE LOCKER ROOM, I THINK 60 TO 70% BUILD THE ALBUM. >> BUFFON APPEARED IN FOUR WORLD 278 00:38:20,531 --> 00:38:26,137 CUP ALBUMS, AGING BEFORE OUR EYES AND HIS. WE HAVE VISUAL AIDS. >> OH. 279 00:38:26,203 --> 00:38:33,944 >> HIS FAVORITE STICKER WAS FOR THE 2006 ALBUM, THE LAST TIME ITALY TRIUMPHANTED AT THE WORLD CUP. 280 00:38:34,011 --> 00:38:37,915 YOU HAD YOUR PICTURE TAKEN THOUSANDS OF TIMES, BUT YOU UNDERSTAND THIS IS FOR GENERATIONS. 281 00:38:37,982 --> 00:38:49,627 >> YES, FOR SURE. FOR ME, IT WAS A SOLEMN MOMENT. BECAUSE THERE WAS A KIND OF REPECT THAT I HAD TO SHOW 282 00:38:49,694 --> 00:39:02,573 TOWARDS GG THE CHILD AND DREAMS OF GG THE CHILD. >> AN HOUR FROM BUFFON'S PRACTICE FIELD IN PARMA, WE 283 00:39:02,640 --> 00:39:08,979 ANOTHER CHILD AT HEART, JOHNNY BELLINI. >> THOUSANDS OF STICKERS. >> CONSIDERED THE MOST PROLIFIC 284 00:39:09,046 --> 00:39:15,186 IN COLLECTOR IN THE WORLD. THE 1970 IS THE HOLY GRAIL OF WORLD CUP STICKER ALBUMS. THIS GUY HAS FIVE OF THEM, AND 285 00:39:15,252 --> 00:39:22,393 HE AIN'T SELLING. >> OH MY GOD. GEEZ. FLOOR TO CEILING. 286 00:39:22,460 --> 00:39:29,266 HE LIVES IN LESS A HOME THAN A STICKER REPOSITORY. EVEN IN YOUR DAUGHTER'S ROOM. YOU MIGHT HAVE BASEBALL CARDS IN 287 00:39:29,333 --> 00:39:38,075 YOUR ATTIC. HE HAS HALF A MILLION STICKERS SPILLING OUT OF EVERY DRAWER. BELLINI EVEN HAS WHOLE SHEETS OF 288 00:39:38,142 --> 00:39:46,517 THEM HIDDEN UNDER A TABLECLOTH. NO ONE IS ABLE TO EATON TABLE BECAUSE IT'S TOO SACRED. >> THESE ARE ALL RARE. 289 00:39:46,584 --> 00:39:55,926 >> LUCKY FOR JOHNNY, HIS LONG SUFFERING WIFE GEOVANA HAS A GOOD SENSE OF HUMOR. HEAVEN FORBID THERE WAS A FIRE, 290 00:39:55,993 --> 00:40:02,266 WHAT WOULD YOU RESCUE FIRST? >> OBVIOUSLY THE STICKERS. IF THERE IS A FIRE, MY WIFE WOULD RUN AWAY WITH HER OWN 291 00:40:02,333 --> 00:40:06,270 LEGISLATION. >> YOUR WIFE CAN FEND FOR HERSELF. THE STICKERS CAN'T. 292 00:40:06,337 --> 00:40:13,010 >> ABSOLUTELY. >> SATURDAY NIGHTS ARE ALL RIGHT FOR STICKING AT THE BELLINI HOUSEHOLD, WHY GEOVANA WATCHES A 293 00:40:13,077 --> 00:40:19,517 MOVIE, JOHNNY FILLS HIS ALBUM AND NEVER FORGETS A FACE. DO YOU REMEMBER 50 YEARS LATER WHAT THE LAST PLAYER WAS YOU 294 00:40:19,583 --> 00:40:29,593 NEEDED TO COMPLETE THE ALBUM? >> I ALSO REMEMBER THE FIRST STICKER THAT I GOT IN A PACK, WHICH WAS SERGIO CARINTINI. 295 00:40:29,660 --> 00:40:38,569 >> IT'S LIKE YOUR FIRST GIRLFRIEND. >> HER I DON'T REMEMBER. >> HE'S NOT ALONE IN HIS SOCCER 296 00:40:38,636 --> 00:40:45,176 NOSTALGIA. THOSE KIDS WHO GREW UP IN THE '70s COLLECTING STICKERS ARE NOW GRANDPARENTS AND PARENTS, 297 00:40:45,242 --> 00:40:50,681 PASSING DOWN THE TRADITION LIKE FRANCESCO FURNARI IN FLORIDA. >> THINK ABOUT THIS. THERE IS NO WAY YOU CAN FIND A 298 00:40:50,748 --> 00:40:58,055 PRODUCT THAT YOU CAN HAVE DIFFERENT GENERATION DOING AT THE SAME TIME. IT'S FANTASTIC. 299 00:40:58,122 --> 00:41:05,262 >> HERE IS WHAT ELSE MAKES IT EXCEPTIONAL. >> MEXICO. >> ALMOST EVERYONE THAT 300 00:41:05,329 --> 00:41:11,669 COMPLETES THEIR ALBUM DOES SO NOT THROUGH PURCHASE POWER -- >> DO YOU WANT TO TRADE? >> I WOULD BE TRADING THAT USA 301 00:41:11,735 --> 00:41:17,074 ONE. >> BUT THROUGH OLD-FASHIONED FACE-TO-FACE TRADING. AROUND THE WORLD, THERE ARE 302 00:41:17,141 --> 00:41:26,717 PANINI STICKERS SWAPPING SESSIONS THAT ARE ORGANIZED. OTHERS THAT ARE IMPROMPTU. AT WORLD CUPS, PAST, PRESENT AND 303 00:41:26,784 --> 00:41:36,260 FUTURE -- >> AND HE'S GOT ANOTHER ONE! >> ONE COUNTRY LIFTS THE TROPHY, BUT MILLIONS FEEL THEIR PERSONAL 304 00:41:36,327 --> 00:41:41,565 VERSION OF WORLD CUP GLORY. YOU'VE SEEN PEOPLE FLEET CHER ALBUMS. WHAT IS THAT FEELING LIKE WHEN 305 00:41:41,632 --> 00:41:47,605 YOU GET THAT VERY LAST STICKER? >> LET ME PUT IT THIS WAY. WHENEVER YOU PLAY SOCCER AND YOU SCORE A GOAL IN FINAL OF THE 306 00:41:47,671 --> 00:41:56,947 TOURNAMENT, THAT'S KIND OF THE FEELING YOU HAVE WHENEVER YOU COMPLETE AN ALBUM. >> IT'S AN OLD TIMEY ANALOG 307 00:41:57,014 --> 00:42:02,753 HOBBY, NO SCREEN REQUIRED. IT RELIES ON THE HUMANITY OF TOUCH. >> I'LL TAKE FRED. 308 00:42:02,820 --> 00:42:10,361 >> WHAT ABOUT PELE? >> OKAY, THFNLGTS. >> THANKS. >> BUT THE VALUE IS LARGELY 309 00:42:10,427 --> 00:42:19,637 SENTIMENTAL. BUT IN THESE TRIBAL POLARIZED TIMES, LEAVE IT TO STICKERS TO BIND PEOPLE TOGETHER. 310 00:42:19,703 --> 00:42:33,317 >> YES, WE ARE THE SAME TEAM. >> MISSING A PANINI STICKER? >> WHO DO YOU NEED? >> HOW 311 00:42:33,384 --> 00:42:39,056 >>> I'M LESLEY STAHL. WE'LL BE BACK NEXT WEEK WITH ANOTHER EDITIO