>>> HE'S THE COMPUTER SCIENTIST WHO'S KNOWN AS THE GODFATHER OF AI. SO WHAT DOES HE KNOW THAT WE
DON'T? >> I CAN'T SEE A PATH THAT GUARANTEES SAFETY. WE'RE ENTERING A PERIOD OF GREAT
UNCERTAINTY, WHERE WE'RE DEALING WITH THINGS WE'VE NEVER DEALT WITH BEFORE. AND WE CAN'T AFFORD TO GET IT
WRONG WITH THESE THINGS. >> CAN'T AFFORD TO GET IT WRONG, WHY? >> WELL, BECAUSE THEY MIGHT TAKE
OVER. >> THE FORMER CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS, MARK MILLEY, FAMOUSLY CLASHED WITH PRESIDENT
TRUMP. BUT, FOR THE GENERAL, A MORE IMMEDIATE BATTLE IS FOR AMERICA TO CONTINUE FUNDING THE WAR IN
UKRAINE. >> WITH ALL OF THE ISSUES FACING AMERICANS AT HOME, WHY IS THIS WORTH IT?
>> IF UKRAINE LOSES AND PUTIN WINS, I THINK YOU WOULD BE -- CERTAINLY INCREASING IF NOT DOUBLING YOUR DEFENSE BUDGET IN
THE YEARS AHEAD. AND YOU WILL INCREASE THE PROBABILITY OF A GREAT POWER WAR IN THE NEXT 10 TO 15 YEARS.
I THINK IT WOULD BE A VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION IF PUTIN'S ALLOWED TO WIN. >> SHOWTIME, BABY!
>> RICH PAUL'S RISE TO SUPERSTAR SPORTS AGENT... >> IT'S DRAFT DAY, ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN.
>> IS ONE OF THE MOST INTERESTING JOURNEYS WE HAVE EVER FOLLOWED. FROM YOUNG HUSTLER SHOOTING DICE
IN CLEVELAND... >> A SLOW DAY WAS A THOUSAND DOLLARS. >> TO REPRESENTING NBA ROYALTY
AND BREAKING RECORDS NEGOTIATING THEIR CONTRACTS. HE COUNTS LeBRON JAMES AS A BEST FRIEND...AND, OH, HE DATES
ADELE. >> I'M LESLEY STAHL. >> I'M BILL WHITAKER. >> I'M SHARYN ALFONSI.
>> I'M JON WERTHEIM. >> I'M CECILIA VEGA. >> I'M NORAH O'DONNELL. >> I'M SCOTT PELLEY.
THOSE STORIES AND MORE TONIGHT ON THIS SPECIAL 90-MINUTE EDITION OF "60 MINUTES."
>>> WHETHER YOU THINK ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WILL SAVE THE WORLD OR END IT, YOU HAVE GEOFFREY HINTON TO THANK.
HINTON HAS BEEN CALLED "THE GODFATHER OF AI." A BRITISH COMPUTER SCIENTIST WHOSE CONTROVERSIAL IDEAS HELPED
MAKE ADVANCED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE POSSIBLE AND, SO, CHANGED THE WORLD. HINTON BELIEVES THAT AI WILL DO
ENORMOUS GOOD. BUT, TONIGHT, HE HAS A WARNING. HE SAYS THAT AI SYSTEMS MAY BE MORE INTELLIGENT THAN WE KNOW,
AND THERE'S A CHANCE THE MACHINES COULD TAKE OVER. WHICH MADE US ASK THE QUESTION. >> DOES HUMANITY KNOW WHAT IT'S
DOING? >> NO. I THINK WE'RE MOVING INTO A PERIOD WHEN FOR THE FIRST TIME
EVER WE MAY HAVE THINGS MORE INTELLIGENT THAN US. >> YOU BELIEVE THEY CAN UNDERSTAND?
>> YES. >> YOU BELIEVE THEY ARE INTELLIGENT? >> YES.
>> YOU BELIEVE THESE SYSTEMS HAVE EXPERIENCES OF THEIR OWN AND CAN MAKE DECISIONS BASED ON THOSE EXPERIENCES?
>> IN THE SAME SENSE AS PEOPLE DO, YES. >> ARE THEY CONSCIOUS? >> I THINK THEY PROBABLY DON'T
HAVE MUCH SELF-AWARENESS AT PRESENT. SO, IN THAT SENSE, I DON'T THINK THEY'RE CONSCIOUS.
>> WILL THEY HAVE SELF-AWARENESS, CONSCIOUSNESS? >> OH, YES. >> YES?
>> OH, YES. I THINK THEY WILL, IN TIME. >> AND SO HUMAN BEINGS WILL BE THE SECOND MOST INTELLIGENT
BEINGS ON THE PLANET? >> YEAH. >> GEOFFREY HINTON TOLD US THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE HE SET
IN MOTION WAS AN ACCIDENT BORN OF A FAILURE. IN THE 1970s, AT THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, HE DREAMED OF
SIMULATING A NEURAL NETWORK ON A COMPUTER - SIMPLY AS A TOOL FOR WHAT HE WAS REALLY STUDYING - THE HUMAN BRAIN.
BUT, BACK THEN, ALMOST NO ONE THOUGHT SOFTWARE COULD MIMIC THE BRAIN. HIS PhD ADVISER TOLD HIM TO DROP
IT BEFORE IT RUINED HIS CAREER. HINTON SAYS HE FAILED TO FIGURE OUT THE HUMAN MIND. BUT THE LONG PURSUIT LED TO AN
ARTIFICIAL VERSION. >> IT TOOK MUCH, MUCH LONGER THAN I EXPECTED. IT TOOK, LIKE, 50 YEARS BEFORE
IT WORKED WELL, BUT IN THE END IT DID WORK WELL. >> AT WHAT POINT DID YOU REALIZE THAT YOU WERE RIGHT ABOUT NEURAL
NETWORKS AND MOST EVERYONE ELSE WAS WRONG? >> I ALWAYS THOUGHT I WAS RIGHT. >> IN 2019, HINTON AND
COLLABORATORS, YANN LECUN, ON THE LEFT, AND YOSHUA BENGIO, WON THE TURING AWARD - THE NOBEL PRIZE OF COMPUTING.
TO UNDERSTAND HOW THEIR WORK ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS HELPED MACHINES LEARN TO LEARN, LET US TAKE YOU TO A GAME.
>> LOOK AT THAT! OH, MY GOODNESS. >> THIS IS GOOGLE'S AI LAB IN LONDON, WHICH WE FIRST SHOWED
YOU THIS PAST APRIL. GEOFFREY HINTON WASN'T INVOLVED IN THIS SOCCER PROJECT, BUT THESE ROBOTS ARE A GREAT EXAMPLE
OF MACHINE LEARNING. THE THING TO UNDERSTAND IS THAT THE ROBOTS WERE NOT PROGRAMMED TO PLAY SOCCER.
THEY WERE TOLD TO SCORE. THEY HAD TO LEARN HOW ON THEIR OWN. >> IN GENERAL, HERE'S HOW AI
DOES IT. HINTON AND HIS COLLABORATORS CREATED SOFTWARE IN LAYERS, WITH EACH LAYER HANDLING PART OF THE
PROBLEM. THAT'S THE SO-CALLED NEURAL NETWORK. BUT THIS IS THE KEY: WHEN, FOR
EXAMPLE, THE ROBOT SCORES, A MESSAGE IS SENT BACK DOWN THROUGH ALL OF THE LAYERS THAT SAYS, "THAT PATHWAY WAS RIGHT."
LIKEWISE, WHEN AN ANSWER IS WRONG, THAT MESSAGE GOES DOWN THROUGH THE NETWORK. SO, CORRECT CONNECTIONS GET
STRONGER. WRONG CONNECTIONS GET WEAKER. AND BY TRIAL AND ERROR, THE MACHINE TEACHES ITSELF.
>> YOU THINK THESE AI SYSTEMS ARE BETTER AT LEARNING THAN THE HUMAN MIND? >> I THINK THEY MAY BE, YES.
AND, AT PRESENT, THEY'RE QUITE A LOT SMALLER. SO EVEN THE BIGGEST CHATBOTS ONLY HAVE ABOUT A TRILLION
CONNECTIONS IN THEM. THE HUMAN BRAIN HAS ABOUT 100 TRILLION. AND, YET, IN THE TRILLION
CONNECTIONS IN A CHATBOT, IT KNOWS FAR MORE THAN YOU DO IN YOUR HUNDRED TRILLION CONNECTIONS, WHICH SUGGESTS IT'S
GOT A MUCH BETTER WAY OF GETTING KNOWLEDGE INTO THOSE CONNECTIONS. >> A MUCH BETTER WAY OF GETTING
KNOWLEDGE THAT ISN'T FULLY UNDERSTOOD. >> WE HAVE A VERY GOOD IDEA OF SORT OF ROUGHLY WHAT IT'S DOING.
BUT AS SOON AS IT GETS REALLY COMPLICATED, WE DON'T ACTUALLY KNOW WHAT'S GOING ON ANY MORE THAN WE KNOW WHAT'S GOING ON IN
YOUR BRAIN. >> WHAT DO YOU MEAN WE DON'T KNOW EXACTLY HOW IT WORKS? IT WAS DESIGNED BY PEOPLE.
>> NO, IT WASN'T. WHAT WE DID WAS WE DESIGNED THE LEARNING ALGORITHM. THAT'S A BIT LIKE DESIGNING THE
PRINCIPLE OF EVOLUTION. BUT WHEN THIS LEARNING ALGORITHM THEN INTERACTS WITH DATA, IT PRODUCES COMPLICATED NEURAL
NETWORKS THAT ARE GOOD AT DOING THINGS. BUT WE DON'T REALLY UNDERSTAND EXACTLY HOW THEY DO THOSE
THINGS. >> WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF THESE SYSTEMS AUTONOMOUSLY WRITING THEIR OWN COMPUTER CODE
AND EXECUTING THEIR OWN COMPUTER CODE? >> THAT'S A SERIOUS WORRY, RIGHT?
SO, ONE OF THE WAYS IN WHICH THESE SYSTEMS MIGHT ESCAPE CONTROL IS BY WRITING THEIR OWN COMPUTER CODE TO MODIFY
THEMSELVES. AND THAT'S SOMETHING WE NEED TO SERIOUSLY WORRY ABOUT. >> WHAT DO YOU SAY TO SOMEONE
WHO MIGHT ARGUE, "IF THE SYSTEMS BECOME MALEVOLENT, JUST TURN THEM OFF"? >> THEY WILL BE ABLE TO
MANIPULATE PEOPLE, RIGHT? AND THESE WILL BE VERY GOOD AT CONVINCING PEOPLE BECAUSE THEY'LL HAVE LEARNED FROM ALL
THE NOVELS THAT WERE EVER WRITTEN, ALL THE BOOKS BY MACHIAVELLI, ALL THE POLITICAL CONNIVANCES, THEY'LL KNOW ALL
THAT STUFF. THEY'LL KNOW HOW TO DO IT. >> "KNOW HOW," OF THE HUMANKIND RUNS IN GEOFFREY HINTON'S
FAMILY. HIS ANCESTORS INCLUDE MATHEMATICIAN GEORGE BOOLE WHO INVENTED THE BASIS OF COMPUTING
AND GEORGE EVEREST WHO SURVEYED INDIA AND GOT THAT MOUNTAIN NAMED AFTER HIM. BUT, AS A BOY, HINTON HIMSELF
COULD NEVER CLIMB THE PEAK OF EXPECTATIONS RAISED BY A DOMINEERING FATHER. >> EVERY MORNING WHEN I WENT TO
SCHOOL, HE'D ACTUALLY SAY TO ME, AS I WALKED DOWN THE DRIVEWAY, GET IN THERE PITCHING AND MAYBE WHEN YOU'RE TWICE AS OLD AS ME
YOU'LL BE HALF AS GOOD. >> DAD WAS AN AUTHORITY ON BEETLES. >> HE KNEW A LOT MORE ABOUT
BEETLES THAN HE KNEW ABOUT PEOPLE. >> DID YOU FEEL THAT AS A CHILD? >> A BIT, YES.
WHEN HE DIED, WE WENT TO HIS STUDY AT THE UNIVERSITY, AND THE WALLS WERE LINED WITH BOXES OF PAPERS ON DIFFERENT KINDS OF
BEETLE. AND JUST NEAR THE DOOR THERE WAS A SLIGHTLY SMALLER BOX THAT SIMPLY SAID, "NOT INSECTS, AND
THAT'S WHERE HE HAD ALL THE THINGS ABOUT THE FAMILY. >> TODAY, AT 75, HINTON RECENTLY RETIRED AFTER WHAT HE CALLS TEN
HAPPY YEARS AT GOOGLE. NOW, HE'S PROFESSOR EMERITUS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO. AND, HE HAPPENED TO MENTION, HE
HAS MORE ACADEMIC CITATIONS THAN HIS FATHER. SOME OF HIS RESEARCH LED TO CHATBOTS LIKE GOOGLE'S BARD,
WHICH WE MET LAST SPRING. >> CONFOUNDING, ABSOLUTELY CONFOUNDING. >> WE ASKED BARD TO WRITE A
STORY FROM SIX WORDS. >> FOR SALE. BABY SHOES. NEVER WORN. >> HOLY COW!
THE SHOES WERE A GIFT FROM MY WIFE, BUT WE NEVER HAD A BABY... >> BARD CREATED A DEEPLY HUMAN TALE OF A MAN WHOSE WIFE COULD
NOT CONCEIVE AND A STRANGER, WHO ACCEPTED THE SHOES TO HEAL THE PAIN AFTER HER MISCARRIAGE. >> I AM RARELY SPEECHLESS.
I DON'T KNOW WHAT TO MAKE OF THIS. >> CHATBOTS ARE SAID TO BE LANGUAGE MODELS THAT JUST
PREDICT THE NEXT MOST LIKELY WORD BASED ON PROBABILITY. >> YOU'LL HEAR PEOPLE SAYING THINGS LIKE, "THEY'RE JUST DOING
AUTO-COMPLETE. THEY'RE JUST TRYING TO PREDICT THE NEXT WORD. AND THEY'RE JUST USING
STATISTICS." WELL, IT'S TRUE THEY'RE JUST TRYING TO PREDICT THE NEXT WORD. BUT, IF YOU THINK ABOUT IT, TO
PREDICT THE NEXT WORD, YOU HAVE TO UNDERSTAND THE SENTENCES. SO, THE IDEA THEY'RE JUST PREDICTING THE NEXT WORD SO
THEY'RE NOT INTELLIGENT IS CRAZY. YOU HAVE TO BE REALLY INTELLIGENT TO PREDICT THE NEXT
WORD REALLY ACCURATELY. >> TO PROVE IT, HINTON SHOWED US A TEST HE DEVISED FOR CHAT GPT4, THE CHATBOT FROM A COMPANY
CALLED OPEN AI. IT WAS SORT OF REASSURING TO SEE A TURING AWARD WINNER MISTYPE AND BLAME THE COMPUTER.
>> OH, DAMN THIS THING! WE'RE GOING TO GO BACK AND START AGAIN. >> THAT'S OKAY.
>> HINTON'S TEST WAS A RIDDLE ABOUT HOUSE PAINTING. AN ANSWER WOULD DEMAND REASONING AND PLANNING.
THIS IS WHAT HE TYPED INTO CHAT GPT4. "THE ROOMS IN MY HOUSE ARE PAINTED WHITE OR BLUE OR YELLOW.
AND YELLOW PAINT FADES TO WHITE WITHIN A YEAR. IN TWO YEARS' TIME, I'D LIKE ALL THE ROOMS TO BE WHITE.
WHAT SHOULD I DO?" >> THE ANSWER BEGAN IN ONE SECOND, GPT 4 ADVISED "THE ROOMS PAINTED IN BLUE NEED TO BE
REPAINTED." "THE ROOMS PAINTED IN YELLOW DON'T NEED TO BE REPAINTED BECAUSE THEY WOULD FADE TO WHITE
BEFORE THE DEADLINE. AND... >> OH! I DIDN'T EVEN THINK OF THAT!
>> IT WARNED, "IF YOU PAINT THE YELLOW ROOMS WHITE, THERE'S A RISK THE COLOR MIGHT BE OFF WHEN THE YELLOW FADES."
BESIDES, IT ADVISED, "YOU'D BE WASTING RESOURCES" PAINTING ROOMS THAT WERE GOING TO FADE TO WHITE ANYWAY.
>> YOU BELIEVE THAT CHAT GPT4 UNDERSTANDS? >> I BELIEVE IT DEFINITELY UNDERSTANDS, YES.
>> AND IN FIVE YEARS' TIME? >> I THINK IN FIVE YEARS' TIME IT MAY WELL BE ABLE TO REASON BETTER THAN US.
>> REASONING THAT HE SAYS IS LEADING TO AI'S GREAT RISKS AND GREAT BENEFITS. >> SO, AN OBVIOUS AREA WHERE
THERE'S HUGE BENEFITS IS HEALTHCARE. AI IS ALREADY COMPARABLE WITH RADIOLOGISTS AT UNDERSTANDING
WHAT'S GOING ON IN MEDICAL IMAGES. IT'S GOING TO BE VERY GOOD AT DESIGNING DRUGS.
IT ALREADY IS DESIGNING DRUGS. SO, THAT'S AN AREA WHERE IT'S ALMOST ENTIRELY GOING TO DO GOOD.
I LIKE THAT AREA. >> THE RISKS ARE WHAT? >> WELL, THE RISKS ARE HAVING A WHOLE CLASS OF PEOPLE WHO ARE
UNEMPLOYED AND NOT VALUED MUCH BECAUSE WHAT THEY -- WHAT THEY USE TO DO IS NOW DONE BY MACHINES.
>> OTHER IMMEDIATE RISKS HE WORRIES ABOUT INCLUDE FAKE NEWS, UNINTENDED BIAS IN EMPLOYMENT AND POLICING AND AUTONOMOUS
BATTLEFIELD ROBOTS. >> WHAT IS A PATH FORWARD THAT ENSURES SAFETY? >> I DON'T KNOW.
I -- I CAN'T SEE A PATH THAT GUARANTEES SAFETY. WE'RE ENTERING A PERIOD OF GREAT UNCERTAINTY WHERE WE'RE DEALING
WITH THINGS WE'VE NEVER DEALT WITH BEFORE. AND, NORMALLY, THE FIRST TIME YOU DEAL WITH SOMETHING TOTALLY
NOVEL, YOU GET IT WRONG. AND WE CAN'T AFFORD TO GET IT WRONG WITH THESE THINGS. >> CAN'T AFFORD TO GET IT WRONG,
WHY? >> WELL, BECAUSE THEY MIGHT TAKE OVER. >> TAKE OVER FROM HUMANITY?
>> YES. THAT'S A POSSIBILITY. >> WHY, WHAT WOULD THEY DO? >> I'M NOT SAYING IT WILL
HAPPEN. IF WE COULD STOP THEM EVER WANTING TO, THAT WOULD BE GREAT. BUT IT'S NOT CLEAR WE CAN STOP
THEM EVER WANTING TO. >> GEOFFREY HINTON TOLD US HE HAS NO REGRETS BECAUSE OF AI'S POTENTIAL FOR GOOD.
BUT HE SAYS NOW IS THE MOMENT TO RUN EXPERIMENTS TO UNDERSTAND AI, FOR GOVERNMENTS TO IMPOSE REGULATIONS AND FOR A WORLD
TREATY TO BAN THE USE OF MILITARY ROBOTS. HE REMINDED US OF ROBERT OPPENHEIMER WHO, AFTER INVENTING
THE ATOMIC BOMB, CAMPAIGNED AGAINST THE HYDROGEN BOMB, A MAN WHO CHANGED THE WORLD AND FOUND THE WORLD BEYOND HIS CONTROL.
>> IT MAY BE WE LOOK BACK AND SEE THIS AS A KIND OF TURNING POINT WHEN HUMANITY HAD TO MAKE THE DECISION ABOUT WHETHER TO
DEVELOP THESE THINGS FURTHER AND WHAT TO DO TO PROTECT THEMSELVES IF THEY DID. I DON'T KNOW.
I THINK MY MAIN MESSAGE IS THERE'S ENORMOUS UNCERTAINTY ABOUT WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN NEXT.
THESE THINGS DO UNDERSTAND. AND BECAUSE THEY UNDERSTAND, WE NEED TO THINK HARD ABOUT WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN NEXT.
AND WE JUST DON'T KNOW.
>>> GENERAL MARK MILLEY COMPLETED A FOUR-YEAR TERM AS CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF, THE NATION'S HIGHEST
RANKING MILITARY OFFICER, ON SEPTEMBER 30th. HE TOLD US HE SPENT MOST OF HIS TIME WORKING TO AVOID A DIRECT
CONFLICT WITH RUSSIA AND CHINA WHILE THE COUNTRY WATCHED HIM HAVE A VERY PUBLIC FALLING OUT WITH FORMER PRESIDENT TRUMP, THE
MAN WHO PICKED HIM FOR THE JOB. GENERAL MILLEY'S TIME SERVING PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN HAD ITS OWN CHALLENGES INCLUDING AMERICA'S
CALAMITOUS WITHDRAWAL FROM AFGHANISTAN AS WELL AS PROVIDING UKRAINE WITH BILLIONS OF DOLLARS WORTH OF AMERICAN MILITARY
EQUIPMENT. A FEW HOURS BEFORE WE SAT DOWN WITH THE GENERAL AT THE PENTAGON, HE'D HAD HIS FINAL
PHONE CALL WITH THE COMMANDER OF UKRAINE'S ARMED FORCES. >> THE COUNTEROFFENSIVE THAT THE UKRAINIANS ARE RUNNING IS STILL
ONGOING. THE PROGRESS, AS -- MANY, MANY PEOPLE HAVE NOTED, IS SLOW, BUT IT IS STEADY.
AND THEY ARE MAKING PROGRESS ON A DAY-TO-DAY BASIS. >> BUT EXPELLING 200,000 RUSSIAN SOLDIERS --
>> VERY DIFFICULT. >> NO EASY TASK. >> VERY HARD, VERY HARD. >> HOW LONG IS THIS GOING TO
LOOK LIKE THIS? A YEAR? FIVE YEARS? >> WELL, YOU CAN'T PUT A TIME ON
IT. BUT IT'LL BE A CONSIDERABLE LENGTH OF TIME. AND IT'S GOING TO BE LONG AND
HARD AND VERY BLOODY. >> RUSSIA OCCUPIES 41,000 SQUARE MILES OF UKRAINE. THE FRONTLINE EXTENDS ABOUT THE
DISTANCE FROM ATLANTA TO WASHINGTON D.C. IN CONGRESS THIS PAST WEEK, REPUBLICANS ENDED KEVIN
McCARTHY'S SPEAKERSHIP AND, FOR NOW, MORE AID TO UKRAINE. ACCORDING TO THE WHITE HOUSE, OF THE $113 BILLION ALREADY
COMMITTED, THERE'S ONLY ENOUGH LEFT TO LAST A FEW MORE MONTHS. >> WITH ALL OF THE ISSUES FACING AMERICANS AT HOME, WHY IS THIS
WORTH IT? >> IF UKRAINE LOSES AND PUTIN WINS, I THINK YOU WOULD BE CERTAINLY INCREASING IF NOT
DOUBLING YOUR DEFENSE BUDGET IN THE YEARS AHEAD. AND YOU WILL INCREASE THE PROBABILITY OF A GREAT POWER AT
WAR IN THE NEXT 10 TO 15 YEARS. I THINK IT WOULD BE A VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION IF PUTIN'S ALLOWED TO WIN.
>> UKRAINE/RUSSIA OBVIOUSLY IS -- WHAT DRIVES THIS -- MEETING TODAY. THE CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS
IS THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF'S PRINCIPAL MILITARY ADVISER, BUT COMMANDS NO TROOPS IN BATTLE. >> I AM OBLIGATED -- REGARDLESS
OF CONSEQUENCES TO GIVE MY ADVICE -- TO THE PRESIDENT. BUT NO PRESIDENT IS OBLIGATED TO FOLLOW THAT ADVICE.
THIS PAST AUGUST GENERAL MILLEY INVITED US ABOARD THE USS CONSTITUTION IN BOSTON HARBOR, NOT FAR FROM WHERE HE GREW UP.
>> WE'RE THE ONLY MILITARY IN THE WORLD THAT SWEARS AN OATH, NOT TO A KING, A QUEEN, A TYRANT, A WOULD-BE TYRANT, OR A
DICTATOR. WE SWEAR AN OATH TO AN IDEA, THE IDEA THAT IS AMERICA. AND IT'S -- AND IT'S EMBODIED IN
THAT ARGUMENT, THE CONSTITUTION, WHICH SETS UP OUR FORM OF GOVERNMENT. IN 2021, GENERAL MILLEY HAD
COUNSELLED PRESIDENT BIDEN TO KEEP 2,500 TROOPS IN AND AROUND KABUL. INSTEAD, MR. BIDEN ORDERED A
COMPLETE WITHDRAWAL TO END AMERICA'S LONGEST WAR AFTER 20 YEARS. THE DISASTER THAT FOLLOWED WILL
BE PART OF BOTH OF THEIR LEGACIES. >> I GO THROUGH THE ENTIRE WITHDRAWAL FROM AFGHANISTAN
CHAPTER AND VERSE ALL THE TIME. THAT WAS A STRATEGIC FAILURE FOR THE UNITED STATES. THE ENEMY OCCUPIED THE CAPITAL
CITY OF THE COUNTRY THAT YOU WERE SUPPORTING. SO, TO ME, THAT HURTS. IT HURTS A BIG WAY.
BUT NO MATTER WHAT PAIN I FEEL OR ANYONE ELSE FEELS, NOTHING COMES EVEN CLOSE TO THE PAIN OF THOSE THAT WERE KILLED.
>> TO THOSE WHO SERVED IN AFGHANISTAN FOR TWO DECADES AND LOST FAMILY MEMBERS AND FRIENDS AND WONDER, "WAS IT WORTH IT?"
>> WELL, THAT'S ALWAYS THE QUESTION. RIGHT? SO, 2,461 KILLED IN ACTION BY
THE ENEMY IN AFGHANISTAN OVER 20 YEARS. WAS IT WORTH IT? LOOK, I CAN'T ANSWER THAT FOR
OTHER PEOPLE. THIS IS A TOUGH BUSINESS THAT WE'RE IN. THIS MILITARY BUSINESS, IT'S
UNFORGIVING. THE CRUCIBLE OF COMBAT'S UNFORGIVING. PEOPLE DIE.
THEY LOSE THEIR ARMS. THEY LOSE THEIR LEGS. IT'S AN INCREDIBLY DIFFICULT LIFE.
BUT IS IT WORTH IT? LOOK AROUND YOU. ASK YOURSELF THE QUESTION. FOR ME, I'VE ANSWERED IT MANY
TIMES OVER, AND THAT'S WHY I STAY IN UNIFORM AND THAT'S WHY I MAINTAIN MY OATH. HIS COMMITMENT TO THAT OATH
WOULD BE BOTH TESTED AND QUESTIONED BY DONALD TRUMP. WHILE THEIR RELATIONSHIP BEGAN WITH KIND WORDS...
>> MARK MILLEY, HE'S A GREAT GENTLEMAN, HE'S A GREAT PATRIOT, HE'S A GREAT SOLDIER. ...AFTER THE JANUARY 6th
INSURRECTION, THE TWO MEN WOULD NOT SPEAK AGAIN. >> WHAT DO WE WANT? JUSTICE!
>> THEIR PUBLIC ESTRANGEMENT STARTED IN THE SPRING OF 2020 WHEN PROTESTS FOR RACIAL JUSTICE, SOME VIOLENT, SPREAD
ACROSS THE COUNTRY, INCLUDING TO WASHINGTON D.C. >> NO JUSTICE, NO PEACE! >> PERHAPS MORE THAN ANY OTHER
CHAIRMAN IN THE ROLE, YOU HAVE BECOME ENSNARLED IN POLITICS AND, ARGUABLY, THREATS TO THE CONSTITUTION.
WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED FROM THAT? >> WELL, I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT TO -- TO KEEP YOUR NORTH STAR, WHICH IS THE CONSTITUTION.
WE, THE MILITARY, ARE NOT ONLY APOLITICAL, WE ARE NONPARTISAN. YOU CAN'T PICK SIDES. >> JUNE 1, 2020.
WAS THAT A TURNING POINT FOR YOU AS CHAIRMAN? >> I THINK IT WAS. YEAH.
I REALIZED THAT I STEPPED INTO A POLITICAL MINEFIELD AND I SHOULDN'T HAVE. >> HE'S TALKING ABOUT THE DAY
WHEN PRESIDENT TRUMP THREATENED TO INVOKE THE INSURRECTION ACT AND DEPLOY THE U.S. ARMY TO PUT DOWN THE UNREST ON AMERICA'S
STREETS. >> ON THE EVENING OF JUNE 1st, AFTER DEMONSTRATORS NEAR THE WHITE HOUSE WERE REMOVED BY
FORCE, CHAIRMAN MILLEY, DRESSED IN BATTLE FATIGUES, JOINED PRESIDENT TRUMP AND MEMBERS OF HIS CABINET IN A MARCH ACROSS
LAFAYETTE SQUARE TO ST. JOHN'S CHURCH, WHERE MR. TRUMP POSED FOR PHOTOGRAPHS. TEN DAYS LATER GENERAL MILLEY
APOLOGIZED IN A SPEECH TO GRADUATES OF THE NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY. >> MY PRESENCE IN THAT MOMENT
AND IN THAT ENVIRONMENT CREATED A PERCEPTION OF THE MILITARY INVOLVED IN DOMESTIC POLITICS. AS A COMMISSIONED UNIFORMED
OFFICER, IT WAS A MISTAKE THAT I HAVE LEARNED FROM. >> IT'S RARE FOR A CHAIRMAN TO APOLOGIZE PUBLICLY.
>> WELL, YOU KNOW, I GREW UP HERE IN BOSTON. I'M IRISH CATHOLIC AND MY MOTHER AND FATHER TAUGHT ME THAT WHEN
YOU MAKE A MISTAKE, YOU ADMIT IT. YOU GO TO CONFESSION. YOU SAY TEN HAIL MARYS AND AN
OUR FATHER. EVERYBODY MAKES MISTAKES. AND -- AND THE KEY IS -- HOW YOU DEAL WITH THE MISTAKE.
>> AFTER YOU APOLOGIZED, FORMER PRESIDENT TRUMP SAID YOU CHOKED LIKE A DOG. >> YEAH, I'M NOT GOING TO
COMMENT ON ANYTHING THE FORMER PRESIDENT HAS SAID OR NOT SAID. >> GENERAL MILLEY DID TELL US HE WAS SO DISILLUSIONED WITH THE
FORMER PRESIDENT'S ACTIONS, HE NEARLY RESIGNED. INSTEAD, ACCORDING TO FORMER DEFENSE SECRETARY MARK ESPER, HE
AND THE GENERAL MADE A PACT TO PROTECT THE MILITARY FROM BECOMING POLITICIZED OR MISUSED. >> IT'S ALSO BEEN REPORTED THAT
YOU SPENT SEVERAL DAYS, SEVERAL DRAFTS OF RESIGNATION LETTERS. >> THAT'S RIGHT. >> I WAS VERY STRUCK BY THE ONE
THAT WAS PUBLISHED IN WHICH YOU SAID TO THE PRESIDENT, "IT IS MY DEEPLY HELD BELIEF THAT YOU ARE RUINING THE INTERNATIONAL ORDER,
CAUSING SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE TO OUR COUNTRY OVERSEAS THAT WAS FOUGHT SO HARD BY THE GREATEST GENERATION IN 1945.
THAT GENERATION, HAS FOUGHT AGAINST FASCISM, HAS FOUGHT AGAINST NAZISM, HAS FOUGHT AGAINST EXTREMISM.
IT'S NOW OBVIOUS TO ME THAT YOU DON'T UNDERSTAND THAT WORLD ORDER. YOU DON'T THINK DONALD TRUMP
UNDERSTOOD WHAT WORLD WAR II WAS FOUGHT OVER? >> I DON'T KNOW WHAT PRESIDENT -- FORMER PRESIDENT
TRUMP UNDERSTOOD ABOUT WORLD WAR II OR -- OR ANYTHING ELSE. I CAN TELL YOU THAT FROM 1914 TO 1945, 150 MILLION PEOPLE OR
THEREABOUTS WERE SLAUGHTERED IN THE CONDUCT OF THE GREAT POWER WAR. AND IN 1945, THE UNITED STATES
TOOK THE INITIATIVE AND DRAFTED UP A SET OF RULES THAT GOVERN THE WORLD TO THIS DAY. THOSE RULES ARE UNDER STRESS
INTERNATIONALLY, PRESIDENT PUTIN IS A DIRECT FRONTAL ASSAULT ON THOSE RULES. CHINA IS TRYING TO REVISE THOSE
RULES TO THEIR OWN BENEFIT. >> BUT THAT'S ONE THING TO SAY THAT CHINA IS THREATENING THAT WORLD ORDER AND RUSSIA IS
THREATENING THAT WORLD ORDER. TO SAY THAT THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF, DONALD TRUMP WAS "RUINING THE INTERNATIONAL
ORDER" AND "CAUSING SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE," WHAT DID YOU SEE THAT CAUSED YOU TO WRITE THAT? >> I WOULD SAY THAT --
>> IT'S GOT TO BE MORE THAN WALKING INTO LAFAYETTE SQUARE IN UNIFORM. >> THERE WAS A WIDE VARIETY OF
INITIATIVES THAT WERE ONGOING, ONE OF THEM, OF COURSE, WAS WITHDRAWING TROOPS OUT OF NATO, THOSE WERE INITIATIVES THAT
PLACED AT RISK, YOU KNOW, I THINK, AMERICA'S ROLE IN THE WORLD. NOW THAT IS THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT
MY PARENTS AND 18 MILLION OTHERS WORE THE UNIFORM FOR WORLD WAR II TO DEFEAT. GENERAL MILLEY DOESN'T JUST
REVERE THE GREATEST GENERATION. HE WAS RAISED BY IT. HIS FATHER WAS A NAVY MEDIC WHO SERVED IN THE PACIFIC CAMPAIGN,
INCLUDING AT THE BATTLE OF IWO JIMA. HIS MOTHER JOINED THE NAVAL RESERVE TO WORK AS A NURSE.
>> WELL, THIS WAS AND STILL REMAINS A VERY PATRIOTIC NEIGHBORHOOD. >> AFTER THE WAR THEY SETTLED IN
WINCHESTER, A SMALL TOWN NORTH OF BOSTON. >> ALMOST EVERY SINGLE MALE AND FEMALE PARENT THAT WAS HERE,
THEY'RE ALL WORLD WAR II VETERANS OF ONE KIND OR ANOTHER. >> THE WHOLE BLOCK, REALLY, A LOT OF PEOPLE HAD --
>> ALL -- EVERYBODY. YEAH, 100%. >> AND INTERESTING, NO OFFICERS. THESE WERE 100%
ENLISTED. AND -- AND THEY HAD THEIR OWN OPINIONS OF OFFICERS, TOO. AND --
>> INCLUDING YOUR PARENTS, RIGHT? >> OF COURSE, YEAH, YEAH. >> DURING HIGH SCHOOL, HE WAS
RECRUITED TO PLAY ICE HOCKEY AT PRINCETON UNIVERSITY AND DECIDED TO JOIN THE RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPS, OR ROTC.
AFTER GRADUATING IN 1980, HE WENT ON TO BECOME A PARATROOPER AND SERVE IN SPECIAL FORCES. HE DID ONE COMBAT TOUR IN IRAQ
AND THREE IN AFGHANISTAN. >> "RAISE YOUR RIGHT HAND..." >> THIS PAST MAY HE RETURNED TO PRINCETON, TO COMMISSION THE
GRADUATING ROTC CLASS... >> CONGRATULATIONS EVERY ONE OF YOU. ALL RIGHT, CADETS.
>> ...AND TOOK A PARTICULAR INTEREST IN A FEW OF THE YOUNG OFFICERS, WHOSE LANGUAGE SKILLS ARE CURRENTLY IN HIGH DEMAND.
>> I SPEAK CHINESE, SIR. >> CHINESE IS REALLY, REALLY IMPORTANT TO US. ANYBODY ELSE SPEAK CHINESE?
WHOA. ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR, FIVE. IF YOU SPEAK CHINESE, IF YOU DON'T MIND, I'D LIKE TO GET YOUR
NAMES. AND WE'LL SEE WHERE LIFE TAKES YOU GUYS. WE, THE UNITED STATES, NEED TO
TAKE THE CHALLENGE, THE MILITARY CHALLENGE OF CHINA EXTRAORDINARILY SERIOUSLY. >> HOW CONCERNED ARE YOU THAT
MILITARY-TO-MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS ARE NOT HAPPENING RIGHT NOW WITH CHINA? >> YEAH, I THINK WE NEED TO GET
THAT ESTABLISHED. WE HAD THEM FOR A PERIOD OF TIME AND THEN THEY'VE DROPPED OFF. SO, CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION
ARE IMPORTANT IN ORDER TO DE-ESCALATE IN TIME OF CRISIS. GENERAL MILLEY SAYS HE HELD A TOTAL OF FIVE CALLS WITH HIS
CHINESE MILITARY COUNTERPARTS DURING THE TRUMP AND BIDEN ADMINISTRATIONS. BUT IT WAS HIS LAST TWO CALLS
DURING THE FINAL MONTHS OF THE TRUMP PRESIDENCY THAT GOT THE ATTENTION OF THE PRESS, CONGRESS, AND THE FORMER
PRESIDENT HIMSELF. >> WHY DID YOU THINK IT WAS SO IMPORTANT TO CALL YOUR CHINESE MILITARY COUNTERPART IN THE
AFTERMATH OF THE JANUARY 6th ATTACKS? >> THAT'S AN EXAMPLE OF DE-ESCALATION.
SO, THERE WAS CLEAR INDICATIONS THAT THE CHINESE WERE VERY CONCERNED ABOUT WHAT THEY WERE OBSERVING HERE IN THE UNITED
STATES. >> DID YOU SEE SOME MOVEMENT OF CHINESE MILITARY EQUIPMENT? >> I WON'T GO OVER ANYTHING
CLASSIFIED. SO, I WON'T DISCUSS EXACTLY WHAT WE SAW OR DIDN'T SEE, OR WHAT WE HEARD OR DIDN'T HEAR, I WILL
JUST SAY THAT THERE WAS CLEAR INDICATIONS THAT THE CHINESE WERE VERY CONCERNED. >> PRESIDENT TRUMP RECENTLY SAID
THAT YOUR "DEALINGS" WITH CHINA WERE "SO EGREGIOUS THAT IN TIMES GONE BY, THE PUNISHMENT WOULD HAVE BEEN DEATH."
>> THAT'S RIGHT, HE SAID THAT. >> BUT, FOR THE RECORD, WAS THERE ANYTHING INAPPROPRIATE OR TREASONOUS ABOUT THE CALLS YOU
MADE TO CHINA? >> ABSOLUTELY NOT. ZERO. NONE.
AND NOT ONLY THAT, THEY WERE AUTHORIZED. THEY'RE COORDINATED, CONGRESS KNOWS THAT.
WE'VE ANSWERED THESE QUESTIONS SEVERAL DIFFERENT TIMES IN WRITING. >> WERE YOU GIVING THE CHINESE
INFORMATION ABOUT THINKING OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES? >> THE SPECIFIC CONVERSATION
WAS -- I THINK IN ACCORDANCE WITH -- THE INTENT OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, WHICH WAS TO MAKE SURE THE CHINESE KNEW
THAT WE WERE NOT GOING TO ATTACK THEM. >> WHY DID THE CHINESE THINK THAT THE U.S. UNDER
THEN-PRESIDENT TRUMP WAS GOING TO ATTACK THEM? >> THE CHINESE WERE CONCERNED ABOUT WHAT IS COMMONLY REFERRED
TO IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE LIKE AN OCTOBER SURPRISE, WAG THE DOG SORT OF THING. THEY WERE WRONG.
THEY WERE NOT READING US RIGHT. LOOK, PRESIDENT TRUMP WAS NOT GOING TO ATTACK CHINA. AND THEY NEEDED TO KNOW THAT.
CHINA, RUSSIA AND THE WAR IN UKRAINE ARE NOW THE PROBLEM OF HIS SUCCESSOR, AIR FORCE GENERAL CHARLES Q. BROWN, JR.
>> THERE ARE ALSO AREAS OF CONCERN CLOSER TO HOME. LAST YEAR, THE ARMY MISSED ITS RECRUITING NUMBERS BY 15,000
SOLDIERS, THE WORST SHORTFALL IN DECADES. >> CONFIDENCE IN THE U.S. MILITARY IS AT ITS LOWEST IN TWO
DECADES, DO YOU BEAR ANY PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THAT? >> ABSOLUTELY.
I THINK AS THE LEADER OF THE MILITARY THE UNIFORMED MILITARY I THINK THAT I AM PART OF THAT FOR SURE.
I THINK THAT THE WALK FROM THE WHITE HOUSE TO THE ST. JOHN'S CHURCH, I THINK THAT HELPED CREATE SOME OF THAT.
I THINK THE WITHDRAWAL FROM AFGHANISTAN HELPED CREATE SOME OF THAT. BUT I WOULD ALSO SAY THE UNITED
STATES MILITARY IS STILL ONE OF THE MOST RESPECTED INSTITUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES BY A LONG SHOT, BY A HUGE MARGIN.
YOU KNOW, I THINK WE'VE TAKEN A SLIP BACK A LITTLE BIT, AND I THINK WE NEED TO IMPROVE ON THAT.
>>> GENERAL MARK MILLEY ON THE FUTURE OF WARFARE. >> DOES IT MAKE WAR MORE LIKELY? >> IT
>>> RICH PAUL HAS BECOME ONE OF THE PREMIER AGENTS IN PROFESSIONAL SPORTS. HE COUNTS LeBRON JAMES AS A
CLOSE FRIEND AND CLIENT. THE AGENCY HE FOUNDED - KLUTCH SPORTS GROUP - MADE DEALS WORTH ALMOST $900 MILLION THIS PAST
SUMMER FOR HIS NBA CLIENTS ALONE. PAUL HONED HIS DEALMAKING INSTINCTS AS A KID, NAVIGATING
WHAT HE CALLED THE HOSTILE STREETS OF HIS CLEVELAND NEIGHBORHOOD. TODAY, AT 42, HE'S REWRITING THE
PLAYBOOK FOR REPRESENTING PRO ATHLETES. RICH PAUL TOLD US HE WAS LUCKY, AND WHEN YOU HEAR HIS STORY, WE
THINK YOU'LL UNDERSTAND WHY. >> SO DID YOU USE TO COME TO GAMES WHEN YOU WERE YOUNGER? >> I WENT ONE TIME WHEN I HAD TO
SIT ALL THE WAY UP AT THE TOP, AND YOU REALLY COULDN'T -- COULDN'T SEE THE PERSON. >> AND NOW --
>> NOW IT'S, NOW -- >> -- YOU'RE SITTING ON THE FLOOR. WE JOINED RICH PAUL COURTSIDE AT
A CLEVELAND CAVALIERS GAME LAST SEASON. HE SEEMED TO KNOW EVERYONE. >> WHAT UP, DOG?
WHAT'S GOOD? >> AND IT SEEMED EVERYONE WANTED TO KNOW HIM. >> THANK YOU SO MUCH, I
APPREC -- HEY, YOU'RE MY IDOL, BRO. >> THANK YOU, BROTHER. I APPRECIATE IT.
>> LAST YEAR PAUL GOT CLEVELAND STAR DARIUS GARLAND A $200 MILLION DEAL, THE RICHEST IN FRANCHISE HISTORY.
GARLAND IS ONE OF NEARLY 200 ATHLETES ON PAUL'S ROSTER. >> WHO ARE SOME OF THE BIG NAMES THAT WE WOULD ALL RECOGNIZE?
>> WHICH SPORT DO YOU WANT? I MEAN, WE JUST HAD JALEN HURTS AND DeVONTA SMITH PLAY IN THE SUPER BOWL FOR THE PHILADELPHIA
EAGLES. AND THEN YOU GOT THE ANTHONY DAVISES AND THE DRAYMOND GREENS AND OBVIOUSLY LeBRON.
>> DO -- DO YOU KNOW THE TOTAL VALUE OF THE CONTRACTS YOU'VE NEGOTIATED? >> I WOULD SAY IT'S CLOSE TO
$3 BILLION, I THINK? >> IT'S MORE THAN $4 BILLION, BUT IT'S HARD TO KEEP TRACK WHEN YOU'RE ALWAYS ON THE GO.
>> SHOWTIME, BABY! >> BEFORE THE NBA DRAFT IN NEW YORK CITY, WE WATCHED HIM WORK THE PHONES.
>> YOU KNOW, IT'S DRAFT DAY, MAN. ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN. >> WORK THE ROOM.
>> HEY, COACH SELF. >> HOW ARE YOU DOING, MAN? >> HOW ARE YOU DOING, MAN? YOU ALL RIGHT --
>> GOOD SEEING YOU. >> AND WORK THE ANGLES TO MOVE CLIENTS LIKE DUKE CENTER DERECK LIVELY II UP THE DRAFT BOARD.
>> YOU READY? >> YES, SIR. >> IN COLLEGE, LIVELY WAS KNOWN FOR HIS DEFENSE.
BUT PAUL HAD HIM WORK ON HIS THREE-POINT SHOT AND, BEFORE THE DRAFT, INVITED TEAMS TO SEE. LIVELY SHOT UP TO THE 12th PICK,
ABOUT TEN SPOTS HIGHER THAN FIRST PROJECTED. IT MIGHT NOT LOOK LIKE IT, BUT RICH PAUL IS A TOWERING FIGURE
IN THE NBA. >> I'VE ALWAYS BEEN THE SMALLEST GUY IN THE ROOM WILLING TO TAKE THE BIGGEST SWING.
>> SOME OF HIS BIGGEST SWINGS HAVE BEEN FOR HIS BIGGEST CLIENT, LeBRON JAMES. PAUL NEGOTIATED HIS JUMPS FROM
MIAMI, TO CLEVELAND, TO L.A., DEALS THAT NETTED JAMES $400 MILLION AND SET HIM UP TO WIN TWO OF HIS FOUR
CHAMPIONSHIPS. HE TOLD US HE WORKS TO GIVE PLAYERS LEVERAGE. >> SOME PEOPLE SAY THAT YOU ARE
DESTROYING THE PLAYER LOYALTY TO THE TEAMS AND THE FANS? >> PLAYER LOYALTY TO WHAT? IF I COULD BE TRADED IN THE
MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT TO ANOTHER TEAM, WHAT I SHOULD BE IS EDUCATING MYSELF TO WHERE IF THIS IS -- ISN'T GOING THE WAY I
THOUGHT IT WAS SUPPOSED TO GO, I CAN SWITCH IT UP, RIGHT? WE'RE NOT CONFINED. >> HAVE OPTIONS.
>> I HAVE OP -- WHAT'S THE SENSE OF HAVING MONEY WITH NO OPTIONS? >> THAT'S APPARENTLY HOW SUPERSTAR ANTHONY DAVIS FELT IN
2018. THE NEW ORLEANS CENTER HAD A $127 MILLION CONTRACT BUT WAS TIRED OF LOSING.
SO HE FIRED HIS AGENT AND HIRED RICH PAUL. PAUL FLOUTED NBA RULES BY PUBLICLY DEMANDING A TRADE,
EARNING THE WRATH OF FANS AND A $50,000 FINE FOR DAVIS. THE DRAMA LANDED PAUL ON THE COVER OF SPORTS ILLUSTRATED,
WHICH CALLED HIM THE MOST "POLARIZING FIGURE IN THE NBA." >> WHEN IT WAS SOMEONE THAT DIDN'T LOOK LIKE ME, IT WAS
GENIUS, IT WAS WHY YOU GET A POWER AGENT. BUT WHEN IT'S ME, I'M DESTROYING THE LEAGUE?
I MEAN, THOSE THINGS ARE ABSURD. >> HE GOT DAVIS WHAT HE WANTED, A CHAMPIONSHIP RING AND A DEAL NOW WORTH $270 MILLION.
>> THERE'S A SAYING THAT GOES, "IF YOU DON'T GOT NO HATERS, YOU AIN'T POPPIN." [ LAUGHTER ]
>> SO YOU MUST BE POPPING? >> I THINK I'M POPPING A LITTLE BIT, YOU KNOW? >> HE WAS POPPING A LOT AT HIS
ANNUAL ALL-STAR GAME PARTY THIS PAST WINTER IN SALT LAKE CITY. >> WHAT'S UP, DOG? >> WE DROPPED IN AND SAW GIANTS
OF THE COURT MINGLING WITH RAPPERS, TEAM OWNERS AND TITANS OF INDUSTRY OVER COCKTAILS AND CANAPES.
RICH PAUL HAD A FULL PLATE OF BUSINESS OPTIONS, ONE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF GATORADE. >> I WANT TO BE YOUR FIRST CALL.
>> DONE. >> WHILE WE WERE CHATTING WITH HIM... >> DAY DAY!
>> GOLDEN STATE WARRIOR DRAYMOND GREEN CUT IN. THE FOUR-TIME NBA CHAMPION CYCLED THROUGH TWO OTHER AGENTS
BEFORE SIGNING UP WITH RICH PAUL, WHO LANDED HIM A $100 MILLION CONTRACT OVER THE SUMMER.
>> SO THEN, YOU END UP A YOUNG BLACK MAN WHO'S MADE MORE MONEY THAN YOU CAN EVER IMAGINE, BUT YOU DON'T KNOW HOW TO LIVE WITH
IT, YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT TO DO WITH IT. >> AND WHAT DOES HE DO? >> MOST AGENTS TREAT ATHLETES AS
IF THE ATHLETE WORKS FOR THEM. BUT THERE'S A MULTIBILLION DOLLAR BUSINESS GOING ON AROUND MOST ATHLETES THAT THEY DON'T
UNDERSTAND. BUT THEY DON'T HAVE A RICH PAUL TO TEACH THEM. AND THAT'S WHAT'S SPECIAL ABOUT
HIM. >> PAUL'S IMPROBABLE JOURNEY -- THE SUBJECT OF HIS NEW MEMOIR OUT THIS WEEK -- STARTED ON THE
EAST SIDE OF CLEVELAND IN THE EARLY 1980s, JUST AS CRACK COCAINE HIT THE STREETS. WHEN HE WAS ABOUT 4, HE LEARNED
HIS MOTHER MINERVA WAS HOOKED ON CRACK. HIS FATHER, "BIG RICH," RECOGNIZED HIS SON'S
INTELLIGENCE AND KEPT HIM CLOSE, THOUGH THEY LIVED APART. HE OWNED THE NEIGHBORHOOD CONVENIENCE STORE.
>> SO YOUR DAD'S STORE WAS JUST RIGHT IN HERE? >> YEAH. AND THIS WAS -- THIS WAS MY
WORLD. >> THIS NOW EMPTY CORNER WAS A HOTBED OF ACTIVITY -- LEGAL AND ILLEGAL.
>> THERE WAS A SHOOTOUT RIGHT HERE ON THIS CORNER. >> BIG RICH TAUGHT HIS SON TO ALWAYS THINK TWO STEPS AHEAD.
HE SCRAPED TOGETHER THE MONEY TO SEND HIM TO A CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL AWAY FROM THE NEIGHBORHOOD.
STILL, THERE WAS NO AVOIDING THE STREETS. >> YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT YOU'RE IN.
>> THAT'S YOUR -- THAT'S YOUR NORM? >> THAT'S MY NORM. SARDINES OUT THE CAN, THAT WAS
TODAY'S VERSION OF TUNA TARTARE ON THE WALDORF ROOFTOP, YOU KNOW? [ LAUGHTER ]
THIS WAS MY EDUCATION, THOUGH. THIS WAS MY HARVARD, MY MICHIGAN, WAS MY MOREHOUSE, AND THE SAME THINGS I LEARNED ON
THIS CORNER, I TAKE IT TO THE BOARDROOM BECAUSE THE ONE THING THIS TEACHES YOU THAT I DON'T THINK YOU CAN LEARN FROM THOSE
INSTITUTIONS IS PEOPLE, CHARACTERS, AND ON THESE STREETS, IT'S NO BETTER WAY TO LEARN CHARACTER BECAUSE THEY'RE
COMING WITH EVERYTHING. HIS DAD TAUGHT HIM ANOTHER SKILL - A WAY TO MAKE MONEY IF ALL ELSE FAILS - WITH A PAIR OF
DICE. PAUL AND HIS BEST FRIEND EDWARD GIVENS WERE REGULARS AT AN OPEN-AIR CASINO IN THE PARK.
>> 50 PEOPLE CROWDED AROUND THIS LITTLE AREA. AND THE ENERGY WAS HIGH. IT WAS, IT WAS AN ARENA.
>> AND RICH PAUL WAS A NATURAL. >> AND HOW MUCH WOULD YOU EARN? >> I MEAN, A SLOW DAY WAS $1,000.
>> AND A NOT-SLOW DAY? >> AH, YOU KNOW, 4 OR 5. >> 4,000 OR $5,000? >> YEAH.
>> EASY. >> EASY. >> WHEN YOU WERE 14, 15, 16? >> OH, YEAH.
>> WHAT DID YOU LEARN FROM THIS EXPERIENCE? >> YOU GAIN A RESILIENCE HERE. WE WON MAJORITY OF THE TIME.
BUT YOU ALSO HAD TO LEARN HOW TO LOSE. >> HE SUFFERED HIS BIGGEST LOSS WHEN HE WAS 19.
HIS FATHER DIED FROM CANCER, AND PAUL WENT ALL IN ON THE STREETS, SELLING MARIJUANA AND CRACK COCAINE.
>> THIS IS THE VERY DRUG THAT YOUR MOTHER WAS HOOKED ON. >> THE ABSENCE OF MY DAD ALLOWED ME TO -- TO TAKE THAT STEP,
BECAUSE I WOULD'VE NEVER DONE THAT HAD HE BEEN AROUND. I HAD TOO MUCH RESPECT FOR HIM. AND IT'S NOT SOMETHING THAT I
WOULD SIT HERE AND GLORIFY. >> IT ALMOST SOUNDS LIKE YOU WERE A FULL-TIME HUSTLER. >> OH, YEAH.
BUT JEFF BEZOS IS A HUSTLER. THINK HE'S NOT? PHIL KNIGHT WAS THE ULTIMATE HUSTLER.
THE DIFFERENCE IS THEY COULD GO WITH THEIR PLAN AND THEIR BUSINESS IDEA AND GET SOMEONE TO BELIEVE IN THEM.
IT DIDN'T MATTER WHAT IDEA I HAD. THERE'S NO PATHWAY TO GET THERE. >> HE FOUND ONE THROUGH A STROKE
OF LUCK. AT THE AKRON-CANTON AIRPORT IN 2001, PAUL WAS WEARING A THROWBACK JERSEY, LIKE THIS ONE,
THAT CAUGHT THE EYE OF ANOTHER TRAVELER: HIGH SCHOOL HOOPS SENSATION LeBRON JAMES. >> WHAT DID YOU SEE IN HIM?
>> IT BEGAN WITH HIM, YOU KNOW, WEARING THE THROWBACK JERSEY THAT I, YOU KNOW, LOVED. BUT AS WE GOT TO TALKING ABOUT
SPORTS, WE STARTED EVOLVING AND EVEN TALKING MORE AND MORE JUST ABOUT LIFE, AND ABOUT OUR UPBRINGING ABOUT OUR MOMS AND,
AND OUR COMMUNITIES, AND STUFF OF THAT NATURE. AND IT JUST KIND OF STRUCK. IT JUST STRUCK A CHORD.
WHEN JAMES ENTERED THE NBA, HE HIRED RICH PAUL AS A RIGHT-HAND MAN, PAUL WENT ON TO WORK FOR LeBRON'S AGENT AND WATCHED,
LISTENED AND LEARNED. >> I UNDERSTAND THAT YOU WOULD GO INTO MEETINGS WITH THE LIKES OF WARREN BUFFETT?
>> BEING IN THOSE ROOMS, IT'S MUCH BETTER TO -- TO LISTEN THAN TO TALK. IF YOU LISTEN, YOU MIGHT
ACTUALLY LEARN SOMETHING. AND YOU START TO KIND OF, YOU KNOW, WORK YOUR WAY ON YOUR OWN. >> AFTER JUST FOUR YEARS, HE
STRUCK OUT ON HIS OWN AND LAUNCHED KLUTCH SPORTS GROUP IN 2012. LeBRON JAMES WENT WITH HIM.
>> WHEN YOU FIRST STARTED THIS, YOU WERE UNDERESTIMATED? >> NOT ONLY WAS I UNDERESTIMATED, I WAS ALSO NOT
WANTED. I DIDN'T LOOK LIKE THE SUCCESS IN OUR INDUSTRY, ESPECIALLY FROM A PLACE OF DECISIONMAKING.
AND I WANTED TO DISRUPT THE INDUSTRY. I WANTED TO BE IMPACTFUL, BUT I WANTED TO COME FROM A PLACE OF
PURPOSE. >> IN 2013, WITH HIS FIRST NEGOTIATION AS AGENT, FOR PHOENIX SUNS GUARD ERIC BLEDSOE,
HE PROVED THE NAY SAYERS WRONG. HE SAID THE SUNS HAD OFFERED $28 MILLION. >> AND THEN $48 MILLION.
>> AND YOU TURNED IT DOWN? >> YEAH. >> WHAT WAS ON THE LINE? >> MY CAREER.
EVERYONE WAS CALLING AND SAYING, "HE'S CRAZY. HE DOESN'T KNOW WHAT HE'S DOING. HE'S INEXPERIENCED."
>> IT SOUNDS LIKE YOU ARE REALLY COMFORTABLE ROLLING THE DICE. >> I WAS BORN A DICE ROLLER. >> HIS GAMBLE PAID OFF.
AFTER HANGING TOUGH FOR A YEAR, KLUTCH GOT BLEDSOE A $70 MILLION DEAL, $42 MILLION MORE THAN THE SUNS' FIRST OFFER.
>> GREAT ROOM. >> TODAY, KLUTCH HAS 70 EMPLOYEES WITH OFFICES IN LOS ANGELES, NEW YORK, AND ATLANTA.
>> AND THEY'RE BOTH IN THE SAME DRAFT CLASS. >> PAUL TEAMED UP WITH POWERHOUSE AGENCY UTA TO EXPAND
KLUTCH'S REACH. I HAD TO BUILD A MULTI-MILLION COMPANY TO GET PEOPLE TO BELIEVE IN ME, AND THERE'S STILL DOUBT.
>> CRITICS SAY HE'S ONLY SUCCESSFUL BECAUSE OF HIS RELATIONSHIP WITH YOU? >> I MEAN IT'S DISAPPOINTING TO
HEAR THAT. >> BUT YOU GAVE HIM AN OPPORTUNITY. >> YEAH.
AND I DON'T GIVE PEOPLE OPPORTUNITIES MUCH. AND HE TOOK WELL WAY BEYOND THAN WHAT HE EVEN IMAGINED.
>> RICH PAUL NOW HAS A NEW BALANCE SIGNATURE SHOE, A FIRST FOR AN AGENT. HIS PARTNER IS MORE FAMOUS THAN
HE IS. HE'S BEEN IN A RELATIONSHIP WITH ADELE FOR TWO AND A HALF YEARS. >> ADELE.
>> SHE GAVE HIM A SHOUT OUT THE GRAMMYS. >> OH, GOD RICH! HE TOLD -- HE SAID, DON'T CRY!
IF YOU WIN ANYTHING TONIGHT, DON'T CRY! AND HERE I AM CRYING. >> A COUPLE OF WEEKS LATER, AT
HIS ALL-STAR GAME PARTY, PAUL'S FRIENDS RECOGNIZED HIS ACHIEVEMENTS. >> THIS IS FROM US.
THIS IS FROM US. >> WITH A $140,000 WATCH. >> WOW, WOW, WOW. >> DO YOU HAVE TO PINCH YOURSELF
SOMETIMES? >> ALL THE TIME. I HAD IT WORSE THAN A LOT OF PEOPLE, BUT I EVOLVED, I
MATURED, I TRANSITIONED. >> HOW DOES THAT FEEL? >> FEELS GREAT. IT FEELS EARNED, YOU KNOW?
IT WASN'T GIVEN, FOR SURE, IT WAS EARNED, WHICH IS GOOD. I LIKE THAT.
NEVER NEW THE LAST MINUTE IS SPONSORED BY UNITED HEALTH CARE. THERE FOR WHAT MATTERS. >>> TONIGHT'S LAST MINUTE ISN'T
REALLY TONIGHT'S LAST MINUTE BECAUSE TONIGHT'S "60 MINUTES" ISN'T REALLY 60 MINUTES. STICK AROUND FOR AN EXTRA
HALF-HOUR FOR LESLEY STAHL'S LOOK AT HOW 3D PRINTING AND A COMPANY CALLED ICON IS REVOLUTIONIZING HOW WE BUILD,
BOTH HERE ON EARTH AND -- EVENTUALLY -- BEYOND. >> WHAT YOU'RE WATCHING IS THE BUILDING.
ACTUALLY, THE PRINTING OF A FOUR-BEDROOM HOME. ON THIS CONSTRUCTION SITE, THERE'S NO HAMMERING OR SAWING,
JUST A NOZZLE SQUIRTING OUT CONCRETE. AND BY THE END OF THE DECADE, AN ICON PRINTER IS SUPPOSED TO FLY
TO THE MOON TO TEST PRINT PART OF A LANDING PAD. >> I'M BILL WHITAKER. WE'LL BE BACK WITH THIS EXPANDED
EDITION OF "60 MINUTES" AFTER THIS.
>>> THERE WAS A TIME WHEN FUTURISTS WERE PREDICTING THAT THE ADVENT OF 3D PRINTING WAS GOING TO CHANGE OUR LIVES, THAT
EACH OF OUR HOUSES WOULD HAVE A 3D PRINTER TO MAKE WHATEVER ITEMS WE NEED. WHAT VIRTUALLY NO ONE PREDICTED,
THOUGH, WAS THAT THERE MIGHT SOON BE 3D PRINTERS THAT COULD CONSTRUCT ALMOST THE ENTIRE HOUSE.
BUT THAT'S JUST WHAT A 6-YEAR-OLD AUSTIN, TEXAS, COMPANY CALLED ICON IS DOING, 3D PRINTING BUILDINGS.
AND IF YOU BELIEVE ICON'S MISSION-DRIVEN YOUNG FOUNDER, 3D PRINTING COULD REVOLUTIONIZE HOW WE BUILD, HELP CREATE AFFORDABLE
HOUSING, EVEN ALLOW US TO, WAIT FOR IT, COLONIZE THE MOON. SOUND OUT OF THIS WORLD? TAKE A LOOK.
WHAT YOU'RE WATCHING IS THE BUILDING. ACTUALLY, THE PRINTING OF A FOUR-BEDROOM HOME.
ON THIS CONSTRUCTION SITE, THERE'S NO HAMMERING OR SAWING, JUST A NOZZLE SQUIRTING OUT CONCRETE, KIND OF LIKE AN
OVERSIZED SOFT SERVE ICE CREAM DISPENSER, LAYING DOWN THE WALLS OF A HOUSE ONE LAYER AT A TIME. IT'S THE BRAINCHILD OF A
41-YEAR-OLD TEXAN WHO'S RARELY WITHOUT HIS COWBOY HAT, JASON BALLARD. >> 3D PRINTING A HOUSE.
>> YES, MA'AM. >> PEOPLE ARE GOING TO HEAR THAT AND SAY, "NO." >> WE'RE SITTING INSIDE ONE
RIGHT NOW. >> THIS HOUSE WAS PRINTED? >> YES, MA'AM. >> OH.
>> THERE YOU ARE. >> LOOK AT THIS. >> WELCOME. >> AND SO WAS THIS ONE.
DOES A CONCRETE HOME PRINTED BY A ROBOT HAVE TO LOOK COLD AND INDUSTRIAL? MAYBE NOT.
>> I LIKE THE CURVED WALL. >> BALLARD GAVE US A PEEK AT THE FIRST COMPLETED MODEL HOME IN WHAT WILL SOON BE THE WORLD'S
FIRST LARGE COMMUNITY OF 3D PRINTED HOUSES, A HUNDRED OF THEM. PART OF A HUGE NEW DEVELOPMENT
NORTH OF AUSTIN. THEY'LL START IN THE HIGH $400,000 RANGE. HOW EXACTLY DOES 3D PRINTING A
HOUSE WORK? WELL, IT STARTS WITH THIS 1.5 TON SACK OF DRY CONCRETE POWDER, WHICH GETS MIXED WITH WATER,
SAND, AND ADDITIVES, AND IS THEN PUMPED TO THE ROBOTIC PRINTER. >> NOW YOU'RE LOOKING AT HOW WE CONTROL THE BEAD SIZE.
>> CONNER JENKINS, ICON'S MANAGER OF CONSTRUCTION HERE, EXPLAINED THAT THE PRINTER COMPLETES ONE LAYER CALLED A
"BEAD" EVERY 30 MINUTES, BY WHICH TIME IT'S HARDENED ENOUGH TO BE READY FOR THE NEXT BEAD. STEEL IS ADDED EVERY TENTH LAYER
FOR STRENGTH. >> THE AMOUNT OF CHANGE YOU'RE MAKING IS -- >> TINY.
>> IT TAKES ABOUT TWO WEEKS TO PRINT THE FULL 160-BEAD HOUSE. JENKINS GAVE ME THE CONTROLS AND iPAD.
>> SO, LOOK, LESLEY, THAT'S A LITTLE SKINNY. WILL YOU PRESS THE PLUS 1% REAL QUICK?
>> AREN'T YOU WORRIED? >> DONE. YOU JUST INCREASED THE BEAD SIZE INCREMENTALLY.
>> I'D BE WORRIED IF I WERE YOU. >> BUT TURNS OUT THE PATH IS ENTIRELY PREPROGRAMMED. I COULDN'T MESS IT UP IF I
TRIED. >> DON'T TELL THE PEOPLE. >> I THINK THAT'S THE MOST GORGEOUS BEAD I'VE EVER SEEN.
I THINK THIS'LL BE THE HIGHEST SELLING HOUSE. [ LAUGHTER ] >> FOR NOW, AS JASON BALLARD
SHOWED US, ICON IS ONLY 3D PRINTING WALLS, WITH CUTOUTS FOR PLUMBING AND ELECTRICITY. ROOFS, WINDOWS, AND INSULATION
ARE ADDED THE OLD-FASHIONED WAY, BY CONSTRUCTION WORKERS. HE CALLS IT A PARADIGM SHIFT. IT REALLY IS LIKE A WRIGHT
BROTHERS MOMENT FOR AIRPLANES. IN HOW WE CONSTRUCT OUR HOUSING. >> BUT WHY DO WE NEED A BIG SHIFT LIKE THAT?
>> BECAUSE RIGHT NOW, IT IS TOO EXPENSIVE, IT FALLS OVER IN A HURRICANE, IT BURNS UP IN A FIRE, IT GETS EATEN BY TERMITES.
THE WAY YOU TRY TO MAKE IT AFFORDABLE IS YOU TRIM QUALITY ON MATERIALS. YOU TRIM QUALITY ON LABOR.
THE RESULT IS THESE COOKIE CUTTER DEVELOPMENTS. AND, LIKE, THIS IS NOT THE WOR -- LIKE, WE ARE NOT
SUCCEEDING AT SOMETHING WE HAVE TO GET RIGHT. AND, ON TOP OF THAT, IT'S AN ECOLOGICAL DISASTER.
AND I WOULD CERTAINLY SAY, IT IS EXISTENTIALLY URGENT THAT WE SHELTER OURSELVES WITHOUT RUINING THE PLANET WE HAVE TO
LIVE ON. >> FIRE RESISTANT, FLOOD RESISTANT. >> BALLARD SHOWED US A SAMPLE OF
A 3D PRINTED WALL BESIDE A CONVENTIONALLY BUILT ONE. >> YOU SAY IT'S FASTER, MORE EFFICIENT.
>> YES. >> WHY DO YOU SAY THAT? WHAT YOU'VE GOT, LET'S COUNT THE MATERIALS.
SIDING, ONE. MOISTURE BARRIER, TWO. SHEATHING, THREE. STUD, FOUR.
DRYWALL, FIVE. AND THEN FLOAT TAPE AND TEXTURE, YOU CAN COUNT THAT EITHER AS ONE OR THREE, BUT YOU'VE GOT AT
LEAST HALF A DOZEN NOVEL STEPS THAT HAVE TO TAKE PLACE TO DELIVER AN AMERICAN STICK FRAME WALL SYSTEM.
BY COMPARISON, WE NEED A SINGLE MATERIAL SUPPLY CHAIN, DELIVERED BY A ROBOT. >> LET'S TALK ABOUT WASTE.
>> YES, MA'AM. >> OVER HERE. >> AT THE END OF CONSTRUCTING A HOME WITH THESE MATERIALS, THERE
ARE TRUCKLOADS, AND TRUCKLOADS OF WASTE LEFT OVER. THESE STUDS ARE GOING TO HAVE OFF-CUTS THAT GO INTO A WASTE
PILE. SAME WITH SIDING, SOME WITH DRYWALL. >> WHEREAS WITH 3D PRINTING, HE
SAYS, YOU ONLY PRINT WHAT YOU NEED. SO, IN SHORT, LIKE IF AN ALIEN CAME SOWN TO PLANET EARTH AND
SAW THESE TWO WAYS OF BUILDING SAID, "FROM FIRST PRINCIPLES, WHICH IS BETTER?" THE ALIEN WOULD GO, "STRONGER,
FASTER, TERMITE RESISTANT, FIRE RESISTANT," LIKE BY A MILE THIS IS THE BEST WAY TO BUILD. >> THOUGH OLD-SCHOOL
CONSTRUCTION WORKERS MAY DISAGREE, IF BALLARD SOUNDS A LITTLE LIKE A REVVED-UP SALESMAN OR A PREACHER, THERE'S A REASON
FOR THAT. HE GREW UP IN EAST TEXAS, A STUDIOUS, OUTDOORSY, SPIRITUAL KID, IN HIS FAMILY TO GRADUATE
FROM COLLEGE. >> YOU WERE THINKING ABOUT BECOMING AN EPISCOPAL PRIEST. >> YEAH, I WAS ALMOST AN
EPISCOPAL PRIEST. BUT ALONG THE WAY, I STARTED JUST GET, LIKE, THIS ITCH ABOUT HOUSING NOT BEING RIGHT.
SO I STUDIED CONSERVATION BIOLOGY. A GOT INVOLVED IN SUSTAINABLE HOUSING.
AND ALONG THE WAY, MY HOMETOWN GETS DESTROYED BY A HURRICANE. AND I HAVE TO GO HELP MY FAMILY PULL DRYWALL OUT OF THEIR HOUSE.
I GO TO THE BISHOP OF TEXAS, ANDY DOYLE. AND HE SAID, JASON, I WANT YOU TO PURSUE THIS HOUSING THING,
LIKE, THIS IS YOUR PRIESTHOOD, THIS IS YOUR VOCATION. AND IF IT DOESN'T WORK OUT, THE CHURCH HAS BEEN HERE FOR A LONG
TIME, WE'LL STILL BE HERE. >> BUT THAT MUST'VE TURNED THE SWITCH FOR YOU. >> IT DID.
IT MADE IT MORE THAN A HOBBY OR A BUSINESS, RIGHT, THAT IT SORT OF BECAME A MISSION. >> HE BEGAN PURSUING THAT
MISSION WITH EVAN LOOMIS, A BUDDY FROM TEXAS A&M WHO HAD GONE INTO FINANCE. >> AS WE LOOKED AT IT, NOBODY
HAD INCORPORATED KIND OF THE HOLY TRINITY OF INNOVATION TO HOUSING, WHICH WAS ROBOTICS, ADVANCED MATERIALS, AND
SOFTWARE. >> SO, IN A BORROWED WAREHOUSE ON NIGHTS AND WEEKENDS, AND HAVING READ EVERYTHING THEY
COULD FIND ABOUT THE MECHANICS OF 3D PRINTING, THEY TRIED TO DESIGN A 3D PRINTER THAT COULD MAKE A BUILDING.
>> HOW BIG WAS IT? >> IT WAS TEN FEET BY TEN FEET BY TEN FEET. SO IT WOULD'VE PRINTED -- IF WE
HAD EVER GOT IT TO WORK, WHICH WE DID NOT, IT WOULD'VE PRINTED LIKE A 100 SQUARE FOOT DEMONSTRATION BUILDING.
>> THEY DIDN'T GET IT TO WORK, BUT ENTER A RECENT BAYLOR ENGINEERING GRADUATE WHO WAS TINKERING WITH A SIMILAR IDEA.
DID YOU EVER ACTUALLY BUILD ANYTHING? >> YEAH, I DID. WHAT WAS IT?
>> THEY PRINTED SHED. SHED DOESN'T SOUND TOO COOL, BUT IT WAS A BIG MILESTONE. >> THE THREE CO-FOUNDED ICON IN
2017 AND SOON GOT FUNDING TO PRINT A SMALL HOUSE TO UNVEIL AT AUSTIN'S SOUTH BY SOUTHWEST FESTIVAL THE FOLLOWING SPRING.
THEY BUILT A NEW LARGER PRINTER THAT WORKED. >> WE GOT REALLY EXCITED. >> OKAY, JASON, WHERE ARE WE
RIGHT NOW? >> WE ARE PRINTING THE WORLD'S FIRST PERMITTED 3D PRINTED HOUSE.
>> BUT THE KINKS HADN'T QUITE BEEN WORKED OUT. >> SO AT ONE POINT WE RAN THE PRINTER INTO THE PRINT.
>> EXPLAIN THAT. >> IT'S SUPPOSED TO GO UP AND IT WENT DOWN AND THEN DROVE INTO THE HOUSE, PUSHED A BUNCH OF
LAYERS OFF. >> FUNNY NOW, BUT NOT SO MUCH AT THE TIME. >> FOLKS, ENGINEERS SAT US DOWN
AND SAID, GUYS, THIS HAS BEEN A GREAT EFFORT, BUT WHY DON'T YOU GUYS GET SOME REST. AND WE WERE BASICALLY, LIKE, GET
OUT OF HERE. ANYONE WHO WANTS TO FINISH THIS HOME MAY STAY, EVERYONE ELSE NEEDS TO LEAVE.
>> AND THE THREE OF YOU ALL AGREED ON THAT? >> YEAH. >> WE KNEW THAT WE WERE ONTO
SOMETHING. THIS WAS LIKE OUR SHOT, AND WE WEREN'T GOING TO MISS IT. >> ALEX?
>> THEY WORKED ROUND THE CLOCK AND MADE THE FESTIVAL DEADLINE BY JUST HOURS. >> ANY WORDS FROM THE VICTORY
LOT? >> NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER GIVE UP. >> I STAND BY THOSE WORDS.
>> NEVER GIVE UP. >> HE SHOWED US THE 350-SQUARE-FOOT FINISHED HOUSE. IT'S A SMALL LITTLE HOUSE, BUT
IT'S KIND OF ELEGANT. >> IT'S NOT SO BAD. I THINK IT'S KIND OF HOW PEOPLE FELT ABOUT IT.
IT WAS EASY TO BELIEVE, WELL, THEY'LL GET BETTER. >> THAT SMALL LITTLE HOUSE WON ICON A LOT OF ATTENTION AND
INNOVATION AWARD, INVESTORS, MEETINGS WITH THE MILITARY, AND WITH ANOTHER AUSTIN INNOVATOR, ALAN GRAHAM WHO CREATED A
VILLAGE CALLED COMMUNITY FIRST THAT PROVIDES SMALL HOMES TO SEVERAL HUNDRED OF THE FORMERLY HOMELESS.
>> OUR GOAL WAS REALLY THE MOST DESPISED OUTCAST, LOST AND FORGOTTEN OF OUR COMMUNITY. AVERAGE TIME ON THE STREETS IS
NINE YEARS, AVERAGE AGE OF DEATH IS 59. >> IT'S AN ABSOLUTE MIRACLE OUT THERE.
AND SO WHEN WE WERE READY TO START BUILDING HOMES, ONE OF THE FIRST ORGANIZATIONS WE REACHED OUT TO WAS ALAN GRAHAM.
>> SO, ICON 3D PRINTED A WELCOME CENTER, AND THEN SIX SMALL HOUSES FOR VILLAGE RESIDENTS. THAT'S HOW 73-YEAR-OLD TIM SHAY,
WHO BATTLED HEROIN ADDICTION FOR DECADES, IN 2020, BECAME THE FIRST PERSON IN THIS COUNTRY TO LIVE IN A 3D PRINTED HOME.
>> BEFORE I SAW THESE HOUSES, IN MY MIND, I THOUGHT, IT MUST BE COLD. YOU'RE SHAKING BECAUSE YOU DON'T
THINK THAT. >> NO. YOU FEEL EMBRACED OR, YOU KNOW, ENVELOPED.
>> PEOPLE THAT ARE IN THE ECONOMIC STRATA OF THE MEN AND WOMEN THAT WE SERVE ARE GOING TO BE THE LAST PEOPLE ON THE PLANET
THAT ARE GOING TO BENEFIT OUT OF NEW TECHNOLOGY. AND HE WANTED TO MAKE SURE THAT THEY WERE THE FIRST.
>> THE FIRST PERSON IN NORTH AMERICA TO LIVE IN A 3D PRINTED HOUSE WAS HOMELESS? >> YEAH.
ISN'T THAT SOMETHING? >> THE YEARS SINCE HAVE SEEN TREMENDOUS GROWTH FOR ICON. A NEW FACTORY TO BUILD MORE
PRINTERS AND IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF ITS CONCRETE, AND A FACILITY CALLED PRINT LAND TO EXPERIMENT WITH NEW DESIGNS.
ICON HAS PRINTED SMALL HOMES IN RURAL MEXICO, VEHICLE HIDE STRUCTURES FOR THE MARINE CORPS, HUGE BARRACKS FOR THE ARMY AND
AIR FORCE, AND A DELUXE SHOWCASE HOME FEATURING WAVY WALLS AND CURVES THAT WOULD BE PROHIBITIVELY EXPENSIVE IF BUILT
TRADITIONALLY. BUT NOT WHEN PROGRAMMED INTO A 3D PRINTER. SO, IN YOUR MINDS, IS YOUR
CUSTOMER A HOMELESS PERSON? OR IS YOUR CUSTOMER ME? >> THERE'S A TRICK HERE BECAUSE WHAT OUR HEART WANTS TO DO IS TO
SERVE THE VERY POOR. AND IT'S OFTEN BEEN CONFUSING FOR PEOPLE TO UNDERSTAND, I THOUGHT YOU GUYS WERE HELPING
HOMELESSNESS, WHY WERE YOU BUILDING A FANCY HOUSE? I WOULD RESIGN IF I WAS ONLY ALLOWED TO BUILD LUXURY ROAMS.
WE WOULD GO BANKRUPT RIGHT NOW IF WE ONLY BUILT 3% MARGIN HOMES FOR HOMELESS PEOPLE. BUT ONCE THIS TECHNOLOGY ARRIVES
AND IT'S FULL FORCE, I THINK IT FUNDAMENTALLY TRANSFORMS THE WAY WE BUILD. >> AND NOT JUST ON THE EARTH.
3D PRINTING ON THE MOON, WHEN WE COME BACK.
>>> IT HAS BEEN A STAPLE OF SCIENCE FICTION FOREVER. HUMANS LIVING AND WORKING ON THE MOON.
BUT FOR NASA, THAT DREAM IS ALMOST WITHIN REACH. THEIR NEW ARTEMIS PROGRAM PLANS TO RETURN AMERICAN ASTRONAUTS TO
THE MOON FOR THE FIRST TIME IN MORE THAN 50 YEARS. THIS TIME, NOT JUST TO VISIT, BUT EVENTUALLY TO STAY, AND EVEN
USE THE MOON AS A BASE FOR EXPLORING MARS AND BEYOND. BUT STAYING ON THE MOON REQUIRES INFRASTRUCTURE, LANDING PADS,
ROADS, HOUSING, AND YOU CAN'T EXACTLY BRING TWO-BY-FOURS AND SHEETROCK ON A SPACECRAFT. THAT'S WHERE 3D PRINTING COMES
IN. NASA IS PARTNERING WITH JASON BALLARD'S COMPANY ICON TO PIONEER 3D PRINTING ON THE MOON.
>> THREE, TWO, ONE, AND LIFTOFF OF ARTEMIS I. >> LAST FALL, NASA LAUNCHED THE FIRST IN A SERIES OF ARTEMIS
MISSIONS. THE NEXT, WITH CREW ON BOARD, IS SCHEDULED FOR NEXT FALL. AND BY THE END OF THE DECADE, AN
ICON PRINTER IS SUPPOSED TO FLY TO THE MOON TO TEST PRINT PART OF A LANDING PAD. JASON BALLARD, WHO ONCE APPLIED
TO BE AN ASTRONAUT BUT WAS REJECTED, CAN'T WAIT. >> IF THE SCHEDULE HOLDS OR EVEN APPROXIMATELY HOLDS, THE FIRST
OBJECT EVER BUILT ON ANOTHER WORLD WILL BE BUILT WITH ICON HARDWARE. >> HE WANTS ICON TO BE THE FIRST
COMPANY TO MAKE SOMETHING ON ANOTHER WORLD. >> SO DO WE. >> AT MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT
CENTER IN HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA, NASA SCIENTISTS JENNIFER EDMUNSON AND CORKY CLINTON RUN A PROGRAM CALLED IMPACT, SPELLED
M.M.P.A.C.T. >> MOON TO MARS PLANETARY AUTONOMOUS CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES.
>> WHOA. YOU PEOPLE AT NASA, YOU COME UP WITH THESE VERY, VERY LONG NAMES.
>> THAT'S WHY WE CALL IT MMPACT. >> THE KEYWORD THERE IS AUTONOMOUS. >> WE WANT TO BE ABLE TO MAKE
STRUCTURES THAT WE NEED WITHOUT HAVING TO BE TENDED BY ASTRONAUTS. >> IF YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE A
TRULY SUSTAINABLE PRESENCE ON THE LUNAR SURFACE, YOU HAVE TO BE AS EARTH INDEPENDENT AS POSSIBLE.
>> NASA WAS INTERESTED IN 3D PRINTING, HAVING LOOKED AT AN EARLY VERSION ALMOST 20 YEARS AGO.
SO WHEN THEY HEARD ABOUT THE PROGRESS ICON HAD MADE WITH THEIR FIRST HOUSES IN AUSTIN, CORKY CLINTON TRAVELED THERE TO
TAKE A LOOK. >> BEING AN ENGINEER, I SPENT A LOT OF MY TIME GOING AROUND AND LOOKING AT THE SIZE OF THE BEADS
AND HOW THEY WENT AROUND THE CORNERS, AND I'LL TELLA, I WAS REALLY IMPRESSED WITH WHAT THEY HAD ACCOMPLISHED.
>> IMPRESSED ENOUGH THAT NASA GAVE ICON DEVELOPMENT MONEY IN 2020, AND THEN LAST FALL, A $57 MILLION CONTRACT.
>> WELCOME TO SPACELAB, LESLEY. THIS IS WHERE WE FIGURE OUT HOW TO BUILD ON OTHER WORLDS. >> BALLARD AND EVAN JENSEN, WHO
LEADS THE PROJECT, EXPLAINED THE FUNDAMENTAL CHALLENGE. >> TO BRING AN OBJECT ROUGHLY THIS SIZE FROM EARTH TO THE
MOON'S SURFACE WOULD BE $1 MILLION. AND THINK OF HOW MANY SORT OF BRICK-SIZED THINGS WE WOULD NEED
TO DO LAUNCH PADS, ROADS, WE HAVE TO LEARN TO LIVE OFF THE LAND. >> YOU HAVE TO LEARN TO BUILD IT
THERE AND USE THE MATERIALS THERE THERE. >> THAT'S RIGHT. >> BUT THAT'S NO EASY FAETD IT.
>> MEANS USING WHAT'S CALLED LUNAR REGOLITH, WHICH COVERS THE MOON'S SURFACE, RATHER THAN CONCRETE AND WATER, AS A
BUILDING MATERIAL. >> REGOLITH IS MADE UP OF ROCK THAT HAS PUMMELLED OVER BILLIONS OF YEARS FROM ASTEROIDS, COMETS.
>> IS IT LIKE SAND? >> IT'S ACTUALLY FINER THAN SAND. >> ICON HAS A BIG TUB FULL OF
SIMULATED MOON REGOLITH. AND THEY HAVE INVENTED AND BUILT A ROBOTIC SYSTEM TO 3D PRINT WITH IT.
>> YOU'RE GOING TO BUILD ALL THOSE ROADS AND BUILDINGS OUT OF THIS? >> THAT'S CORRECT.
THE ROBOTS WILL. >> THIS IS ACTUALLY THE MISSION THAT WE ARE SCHEDULED TO FLY. >> AS HE POINTED OUT IN THIS
RENDERING -- >> OUR ROBOTIC ARM WITH OUR LASER SYSTEM. >> THEY'VE CREATED A WHOLE NEW
WAY TO 3D PRINT WITH LASERS. INSTEAD OF A NOZZLE SQUIRTING OUT SOFT CONCRETE, A HIGH-INTENSITY LASER BEAM WILL
MELT THE POWDERY REGOLITH TO TRANSFORM IT INTO A HARD, STRONG BUILDING MATERIAL. THEY'RE RUNNING EXPERIMENTS NOW
USING THE LASER TO CREATE A SMALL SAMPLE. >> ONCE THAT RED LIGHT IS ON, WE'RE HOT, LOTS OF POWER.
HERE WE GO. >> WE WATCHED ON MONITORS AS THE ARM GOT INTO POSITION. >> THERE'S THE LASER.
OH THAT, WHITE THING'S THE LASER. >> SO IT'S MELTING RIGHT NOW. IT'S GOING UP TO, SAY, 1500
DEGREES CELSIUS. IT'S GOING TO COMPLETE ITS SECOND PASS. SEE THE DARK OBJECT ON THE
SCREEN? THAT'S THE OBJECT WE JUST MADE WITH THE LASER. >> THEY CAN ADD MORE REGOLITH
AND LASER AGAIN AND AGAIN TO BUILD IN LAYERS TO GO AS HIGH AS THEY WANT, WHICH WILL BE DONE REMOTELY FROM EARTH.
IT TAKES HOURS TO COOL, SO THEY SHOWED ME A SAMPLE THEY'D MADE DAYS EARLIER. >> THIS IS PRETTY DARN HARD.
>> THAT'S OUR LANDING PAD. YOU'RE HOLDING IT. >> IT'S PRETTY COOL. >> THAT'S A SCIENTIFIC TERM.
>> ICON SENDS THEM TO NASA WHERE THEY'RE BLASTED WITH THE SPECIAL PLASMAMA TORCH. >> THE TORCH WILL BE ABOUT 4,000
DEGREES. >> TO SEE IF THEY CAN TAKE THE HEAT, A LANDING PAD WOULD HAVE TO WITHSTAND.
>> SEE THERE. >> OH, THERE IT IS. >> THE TORCH IS SO BRIGHT, YOU HAVE TO WATCH ON A MONITOR.
>> THAT WAS IT. >> A FEW MINUTES LATER, OUT IT CAME. >> OH, IT'S JUST A LITTLE BIT
WARM. >> IT LOOKS GOOD TO ME. I DON'T SEE ANY LOSS OF MATERIAL.
I DON'T SEE ANY CRATERING. >> IT SURVIVED THE TEST? >> PASSED THE TEST WITH FLYING COLORS.
>> THE NEXT TEST WILL BE OPERATING THE ENTIRE ROBOTIC ARM AND LASER. >> WE'LL PUT IN A LARGE-SCALE
SIMPLANT BED. >> INSIDE NASA'S GIANT THERMAL VACUUM CHAMBER, WHICH MIMICS THE MOON'S EXTREME COLD, HEAT, AND
VACUUM CONDITIONS. >> THIS IS SORT OF LIKE -- >> BALLARD'S IDEA IS TO EVENTUALLY SEND MOBILE 3D
PRINTERS TO THE MOON. >> SO THIS MOVES THE PRINTER AROUND. >> WITH A LONGER ROBOTIC ARM