1 00:00:10,176 --> 00:00:15,915 >>> DURING THESE CHALLENGING TIMES, VICE PRESIDENT KAMALA HARRIS TALKS TO "60 MINUTES" ABOUT HER ROLE IN THE BIDEN 2 00:00:15,982 --> 00:00:20,653 ADMINISTRATION... >> HOW OFTEN DO YOU MEET WITH HIM? >> MULTIPLE TIMES A DAY. 3 00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:24,824 >> YOU CONSIDER YOURSELVES PARTNERS? >> ABSOLUTELY. ...AND CONCERNS, AMONG 4 00:00:24,891 --> 00:00:30,063 DEMOCRATS, ABOUT WHETHER THE BIDEN/HARRIS TICKET CAN WIN RE-ELECTION. >> THAT IS A CONCERN. 5 00:00:30,130 --> 00:00:37,904 AND -- AND A LEGITIMATE CONCERN. >> OUR DEMOCRACY IS ON THE LINE, BILL. AND I, FRANKLY, IN MY HEAD, DO 6 00:00:37,971 --> 00:00:48,448 NOT HAVE TIME FOR PARLOR GAMES. >>> WHAT HAPPENS IF VLADIMIR PUTIN ENTERS ANOTHER COUNTRY -- BESIDES UKRAINE -- BY FORCE? 7 00:00:48,515 --> 00:00:55,221 HE ALREADY HAS, 15 YEARS AGO RUSSIA INVADED NEIGHBORING GEORGIA, IT HAS MILITARY STATIONED THERE AND CONTROLS 20% 8 00:00:55,288 --> 00:01:02,128 OF THE COUNTRY. WHAT'S NEXT? >> THE RUSSIANS ARE BUYING APARTMENTS HERE IN EVERY 33 9 00:01:02,195 --> 00:01:10,003 MINUTES. AND THEY'RE REGISTERING A BUSINESS IN EVERY 26 MINUTES. SO WE ARE ON THE BRINK OF VERY 10 00:01:10,069 --> 00:01:16,309 DANGEROUS SITUATION HERE IN GEORGIA. >>> I THOUGHT, WOW, THIS IS EVEN WORSE THAN I THOUGHT. 11 00:01:16,376 --> 00:01:23,116 >> THAT'S WHAT HAPPENS WITH OUR EXHALED BREATH. >> IT MAY BE THE BIGGEST TAKEAWAY FROM THE PANDEMIC, OUR 12 00:01:23,183 --> 00:01:27,854 INDOOR AIR NEEDS TO BE VENTILATED AND FILTERED AT A MUCH HIGHER LEVEL. >> THINK ABOUT THE PUBLIC HEALTH 13 00:01:27,921 --> 00:01:34,160 GAINS WE'VE MADE OVER THE PAST HUNDRED YEARS. WHERE HAS INDOOR AIR BEEN IN THAT CONVERSATION? 14 00:01:34,227 --> 00:01:44,437 IT'S TOTALLY FORGOTTEN ABOUT. AND THE PANDEMIC SHOWED WHAT A GLARING MISTAKE THAT WAS. >> I'M LESLEY STAHL. 15 00:01:44,504 --> 00:01:53,279 >> I'M BILL WHITAKER. >> I'M ANDERSON COOPER. >> I'M SHARYN ALFONSI. >> I'M JON WERTHEIM. 16 00:01:53,346 --> 00:01:58,418 >> I'M CECILIA VEGA. I'M SCOTT PELLEY. THOSE STORIES AND MORE ON THIS SPECIAL 90-MINUTE EDITION OF "60 17 00:01:58,485 --> 00:02:05,458 MINUTES." 18 00:02:10,063 --> 00:02:15,235 >> ISRAEL HAS BEGUN WHAT PRIME MINISTER BENJAMIN NETANYAHU CALLS THE SECOND STAGE OF THE WAR BY EXPANDING ITS MILITARY 19 00:02:15,301 --> 00:02:23,142 GROUND OPERATIONS IN GAZA. WE SPOKE WITH VICE PRESIDENT KAMALA HARRIS THIS PAST WEEK AS THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION WAS 20 00:02:23,209 --> 00:02:30,717 TRYING TO BALANCE ISRAEL'S NEED TO RETALIATE AGAINST HAMAS WITH THE URGENT NEED TO GET RELIEF TO THE PALESTINIAN PEOPLE. 21 00:02:30,783 --> 00:02:37,991 VICE PRESIDENT HARRIS TOLD US SHE IS ALSO INVOLVED IN THE ADMINISTRATION'S EFFORTS ON THE WAR IN UKRAINE, AS WELL AS 22 00:02:38,057 --> 00:02:48,101 COUNTLESS INTRACTABLE PROBLEMS INCLUDING GUN VIOLENCE AT HOME. BUT WITH THE MIDDLE EAST ON A RAZOR'S EDGE, WE STARTED OUR 23 00:02:48,167 --> 00:02:56,209 CONVERSATION THERE. HOW CLOSE IS THIS TO BECOMING A REGIONAL CONFLICT THAT COULD DRAW IN U.S. TROOPS? 24 00:02:56,276 --> 00:03:05,718 >> WE HAVE ABSOLUTELY NO INTENTION. NOR DO WE HAVE ANY PLANS TO SEND COMBAT TROOPS INTO ISRAEL OR 25 00:03:05,785 --> 00:03:10,356 GAZA, PERIOD. >> VICE PRESIDENT HARRIS TOLD US THE U.S. IS NOT TELLING ISRAEL WHAT TO DO, BUT IS PROVIDING 26 00:03:10,423 --> 00:03:19,532 ADVICE, EQUIPMENT, AND DIPLOMATIC SUPPORT. >> A TERRORIST ORGANIZATION, HAMAS, SLAUGHTERED HUNDREDS OF 27 00:03:19,599 --> 00:03:28,808 YOUNG PEOPLE AT A CONCERT. BY MOST ESTIMATES, AT LEAST 1,400 ISRAELIS ARE DEAD. ISRAEL, WITHOUT ANY QUESTION, 28 00:03:28,875 --> 00:03:39,419 HAS A RIGHT TO DEFEND ITSELF. THAT BEING SAID, IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT THERE BE NO CONFLATION BETWEEN HAMAS AND THE 29 00:03:39,485 --> 00:03:49,462 PALESTINIANS. THE PALESTINIANS DESERVE EQUAL MEASURES OF SAFETY AND SECURITY, SELF-DETERMINATION AND DIGNITY, 30 00:03:49,529 --> 00:03:58,938 AND WE HAVE BEEN VERY CLEAR THAT THE RULES OF WAR MUST BE ADHERED TO. AND THAT THERE BE HUMANITARIAN 31 00:03:59,005 --> 00:04:05,478 AID THAT FLOWS. >> SHE TOLD US THE U.S. WANTS TO KEEP THE CONFLICT FROM ESCALATING, BUT THAT'S PROVING 32 00:04:05,545 --> 00:04:13,853 DIFFICULT. IN THE LAST TWO WEEKS, HEZBOLLAH IN LEBANON AND THE HOUTHIS OF YEMEN HAVE LAUNCHED MISSILES, 33 00:04:13,920 --> 00:04:19,559 ROCKETS AND DRONES AGAINST ISRAEL. AND IRANIAN-BACKED MILITIAS HAVE FIRED ON U.S. TROOPS STATIONED 34 00:04:19,626 --> 00:04:27,700 IN IRAQ AND SYRIA. IN RESPONSE, THE U.S. LAUNCHED AIRSTRIKES AGAINST IRANIAN WEAPONS FACILITIES IN SYRIA. 35 00:04:27,767 --> 00:04:38,611 IF THAT WEREN'T ENOUGH OF A SIGNAL TO IRAN AND OTHER ADVERSARIES, THE PENTAGON HAS ALSO DEPLOYED TWO IMPOSING 36 00:04:38,678 --> 00:04:44,984 AIRCRAFT CARRIER STRIKE CAVITY CARRIERS TO THE REGION. >> WHAT'S THE MESSAGE TO IRAN? >> DON'T. 37 00:04:45,051 --> 00:04:52,358 >> ONE WORD, PRETTY STRAIGHTFORWARD. >> SINCE THE HAMAS ATTACK ON ISRAEL, THE VICE PRESIDENT SAYS 38 00:04:52,425 --> 00:05:02,101 SHE HAS SPOKEN WITH PRESIDENT ISAAC HERZOG OF ISRAEL AND JOINED PRESIDENT BIDEN ON CALLS WITH PRIME MINISTER BENJAMIN 39 00:05:02,168 --> 00:05:07,707 NETANYAHU AND PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY PRESIDENT MAHMOUD ABBAS. PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN TOLD US IN A 40 00:05:07,774 --> 00:05:15,181 STATEMENT, THIS IS AS HIGH STAKES AND COMPLEX A SITUATION AS IT GETS, AND KAMALA IS MY PARTNER IN ALL OF IT. 41 00:05:15,248 --> 00:05:25,858 HE TOLD US HARRIS' ADVICE AND COUNSEL ARE INVALUABLE. >> WHEN HE WAS VICE PRESIDENT, MR. BIDEN FAMOUSLY SAID THAT HE 42 00:05:25,925 --> 00:05:36,069 WANTED TO BE THE LAST PERSON IN THE ROOM WITH PRESIDENT OBAMA. DO YOU HAVE THAT RELATIONSHIP WITH PRESIDENT BIDEN? 43 00:05:36,135 --> 00:05:41,607 >> I DO. AND I TAKE THAT RESPONSIBILITY QUITE SERIOUSLY. >> HOW OFTEN DO YOU MEET WITH 44 00:05:41,674 --> 00:05:47,113 HIM? >> MULTIPLE TIMES A DAY, QUITE OFTEN, UNLESS HE OR I ARE TRAVELING. 45 00:05:47,180 --> 00:05:55,254 >> THEY'RE IN TOTAL AGREEMENT THE U.S. MUST STAND WITH ISRAEL AND UKRAINE, TWO DEMOCRACIES UNDER ATTACK. 46 00:05:55,321 --> 00:06:11,170 >> WE ARE AS COMMITTED TO UKRAINE AS WE'VE ALWAYS BEEN TO AUTHORIZE ADDITIONAL AID TO DEFEND ITSELF AGAINST RUSSIA'S 47 00:06:11,237 --> 00:06:16,042 UNPROVOKED AGGRESSION. >> DOES THIS PUT UKRAINE ON A BACK BURNER? >> NO, IT DOES NOT PUT THEM ON A 48 00:06:16,109 --> 00:06:24,584 BACK BURNER AT ALL. >> VICE PRESIDENT HARRIS HAS VISITED 19 COUNTRIES, AND MET WITH MORE THAN 100 WORLD 49 00:06:24,650 --> 00:06:30,590 LEADERS. BUT LATELY, SHE HAS BEEN THE ADMINISTRATION'S POINT PERSON ON DOMESTIC PRIORITIES, TRAVELING 50 00:06:30,656 --> 00:06:39,465 THE COUNTRY TALKING UP THE DEMOCRATS' KEY ISSUES BEFORE THE 2024 ELECTION, ISSUES SHE HOPES WILL FIRE UP THE BASE BUT ARE 51 00:06:39,532 --> 00:06:52,211 BOUND TO ENFLAME THE GOP. SHE WENT TO NORTH CAROLINA TO MARK THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE SUPREME COURT OVERTURNING ROE V. 52 00:06:52,278 --> 00:06:56,883 WADE. >> HOW DARE THEY ATTACK OUR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS. HOW DARE THEY ATTACK OUR 53 00:06:56,949 --> 00:07:04,891 FREEDOM. >> IN VIRGINIA, IT WAS GUNS. >> OUR NATION IS BEING TORN APART BY GUN VIOLENCE. 54 00:07:04,957 --> 00:07:12,265 >> WE JOINED THE VICE PRESIDENT AND SECOND GENTLEMAN, DOUG EMHOFF, ON AIR FORCE TWO FOR A TRIP TO LAS VEGAS. 55 00:07:12,331 --> 00:07:20,840 IT WAS FIVE DAYS AFTER THE TERROR ATTACK ON ISRAEL. >> WELCOME ON BOARD. >> WHILE IN THE AIR, THE VICE 56 00:07:20,907 --> 00:07:29,348 PRESIDENT JOINED A SECURE VIDEO CALL WITH THE PRESIDENT AND THEIR NATIONAL SECURITY TEAMS TO DISCUSS MEASURES TO KEEP THE 57 00:07:29,415 --> 00:07:37,089 HOMELAND SAFE. ONCE ON THE GROUND IN LAS VEGAS, VICE PRESIDENT HARRIS WENT TO THE COLLEGE OF SOUTHERN NEVADA, 58 00:07:37,156 --> 00:07:45,598 THE EIGHTH STOP ON HER FIGHT FOR OUR FREEDOMS COLLEGE TOUR. >> BECAUSE YOU VOTED, JOE BIDEN IS PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 59 00:07:45,665 --> 00:07:50,102 STATES, AND I AM VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. [ APPLAUSE ] BECAUSE YOU VOTED. 60 00:07:50,169 --> 00:07:58,845 >> BUT NATIONALLY, THE BIDEN/HARRIS ADMINISTRATION IS NOT GENERATING THE KIND OF ENTHUSIASM SHE'S SEEING ON HER 61 00:07:58,911 --> 00:08:06,018 TOUR. >> A RECENT CBS POLL FOUND THAT AT THE BEGINNING OF PRESIDENT BIDEN'S TERM, 70% OF YOUNG 62 00:08:06,085 --> 00:08:14,994 PEOPLE, PEOPLE UNDER 30, SAID HE WAS DOING A GOOD JOB. NOW IT'S LESS THAN 50%. WHY IS THAT, WHAT'S GOING ON? 63 00:08:15,061 --> 00:08:23,970 >> IF YOU POLL HOW YOUNG PEOPLE FEEL ABOUT THE CLIMATE AND THE WARMING OF OUR PLANET, IT POLLS AS ONE OF THEIR TOP CONCERNS. 64 00:08:24,036 --> 00:08:31,043 WHEN WE TALK ABOUT WHAT WE ARE DOING WITH STUDENT LOAN DEBT, POLLS VERY HIGH. THE CHALLENGE THAT WE HAVE AS AN 65 00:08:31,110 --> 00:08:36,282 ADMINISTRATION IS WE GOT TO LET PEOPLE KNOW WHO BRUNG IT TO THEM. THAT'S OUR CHALLENGE. 66 00:08:36,349 --> 00:08:45,424 BUT IT IS NOT THAT THE WORK WE ARE DOING IS NOT VERY, VERY POPULAR WITH A LOT OF PEOPLE. >> SHE BLAMES THE DISCONNECT, IN 67 00:08:45,491 --> 00:08:55,134 PART, ON LACK OF MEDIA COVERAGE. STILL, THE VICE PRESIDENT HERSELF IS NOT VERY POPULAR NOW, JUST 41% OF ADULTS TOLD CBS NEWS 68 00:08:55,201 --> 00:08:59,438 THEY APPROVE OF THE JOB SHE'S DOING. ABOUT THE SAME FOR PRESIDENT BIDEN. 69 00:08:59,505 --> 00:09:07,179 WE TALKED TO HER THE DAY BEFORE THE CARNAGE IN MAINE. BUT SHE DID TOLD US ISSUES LIKE MASS SHOOTINGS ARE MORE 70 00:09:07,246 --> 00:09:14,854 IMPORTANT THAN POLL NUMBERS. >> YOU HAVE A PORTFOLIO THAT INCLUDES GUN VIOLENCE, THE ROOT CAUSE OF MIGRATION. 71 00:09:14,921 --> 00:09:21,594 THESE ARE SOME OF THE MOST INTRACTABLE ISSUES FACING THE COUNTRY. >> WE'VE DONE SOME OF THE MOST 72 00:09:21,661 --> 00:09:25,932 SIGNIFICANT GUN SAFETY LAWS IN 30 YEARS. BUT WE STILL NEED AN ASSAULT WEAPONS BAN. 73 00:09:25,998 --> 00:09:31,037 IT DOESN'T HAVE TO BE THIS WAY. THERE WASN'T ASSAULT WEAPONS BAN AT ONE TIME. IT EXPIRED. 74 00:09:31,103 --> 00:09:38,177 LET'S RENEW IT. >> MOST AMERICANS SAY THAT THEY DON'T THINK YOU'RE DOING A GOOD JOB ON THE BORDER. 75 00:09:38,244 --> 00:09:47,353 YOU AND THE ADMINISTRATION. THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE TRYING TO CROSS THE U.S. SOUTHERN BORDER IS AT AN ALL-TIME HIGH. 76 00:09:47,420 --> 00:09:58,597 >> IT'S NO SECRET THAT WE HAVE A BROKEN IMMIGRATION SYSTEM. SHORT TERM, WE NEED A SAFE, ORDERLY, AND HUMANE BORDER 77 00:09:58,664 --> 00:10:04,937 POLICY. AND LONG TERM, WE NEED TO INVEST IN THE ROOT CAUSES OF MIGRATION. BUT, THE BOTTOM LINE, CONGRESS 78 00:10:05,004 --> 00:10:11,177 NEEDS TO ACT. COME ON, PARTICIPATE IN THE SOLUTION INSTEAD OF POLITICAL GAMESMANSHIP. 79 00:10:11,243 --> 00:10:20,119 >> IF POLITICS IS A GAME, KAMALA HARRIS HAS PROVEN HERSELF TO BE A SAVVY PLAYER, FORGING A CAREER THAT HAS GONE FROM ONE FIRST TO 80 00:10:20,186 --> 00:10:27,126 ANOTHER. THE CHILD OF AN INDIAN MOTHER AND A JAMAICAN FATHER, SHE WAS THE FIRST WOMAN DISTRICT 81 00:10:27,193 --> 00:10:33,666 ATTORNEY FOR SAN FRANCISCO, THE FIRST WOMAN TO SERVE AS CALIFORNIA'S ATTORNEY GENERAL, THE FIRST WOMAN OF COLOR ELECTED 82 00:10:33,733 --> 00:10:40,840 SENATOR FROM CALIFORNIA. >> SO HELP ME GOD. >> AND THE FIRST WOMAN AND WOMAN OF COLOR TO BE ELECTED VICE 83 00:10:40,906 --> 00:10:48,581 PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. >> BEING IN THAT UNIQUE POSITION, BEING THAT FIRST, DOES THAT BRING ADDED PRESSURE? 84 00:10:48,647 --> 00:10:54,453 >> NO DOUBT, NO DOUBT. YOU KNOW, MY MOTHER, SHE WOULD SAY, KAMALA, YOU MAY BE THE FIRST TO DO MANY THINGS, BUT 85 00:10:54,520 --> 00:11:06,032 MAKE SURE YOU'RE NOT THE LAST. AND AMONG THE RESPONSIBILITIES THAT I CARRY AND MAY BE IMPOSED ON MYSELF, THAT IS ONE OF THEM. 86 00:11:06,098 --> 00:11:16,342 SO, THIS WAS -- >> SHE SHOWED US AROUND THE VICE PRESIDENT'S CEREMONIAL OFFICE. >> I BROUGHT IN THIS BUST OF 87 00:11:16,409 --> 00:11:22,648 THURGOOD MARSHALL. >> Reporter: THE DESK WHERE PREVIOUS VICE PRESIDENTS LEFT THEIR SIGNATURES. 88 00:11:22,715 --> 00:11:29,955 >> AL GORE, QUAYLE, CHENEY, HARRY TRUMAN. >> SOME OF THESE MEN WENT ON TO BECOME PRESIDENT. 89 00:11:30,022 --> 00:11:36,695 BUT KAMALA HARRIS TOLD US SHE IS FOCUSED ON GETTING THE BIDEN/HARRIS TICKET RE-ELECTED NEXT YEAR. 90 00:11:36,762 --> 00:11:45,571 THE GOP IS USING HER LOW POLL NUMBERS AND PRESIDENT BIDEN'S AGE AS A BATTERING RAM. AND SOME DEMOCRATS ARE GROWING 91 00:11:45,638 --> 00:11:54,680 WORRIED. >> WE WERE TALKING TO SOME DEMOCRATIC DONORS, AND THEY HAVE TOLD US THAT, SHOULD SOMETHING 92 00:11:54,747 --> 00:12:04,957 BEFALL PRESIDENT BIDEN, AND HE IS NOT ABLE TO RUN, THAT THERE WOULD BE A FREE FOR ALL FOR WHO WOULD RUN AS PRESIDENT. 93 00:12:05,024 --> 00:12:10,162 YOU ARE IN THE SPOT THAT THAT WOULD BE A NATURAL FOR YOU TO STEP UP. BUT WE'RE HEARING FROM DONORS 94 00:12:10,229 --> 00:12:16,969 THAT THEY WOULD NOT NATURALLY FALL INTO LINE. WHY IS THAT? >> WELL, FIRST OF ALL, I'M NOT 95 00:12:17,036 --> 00:12:21,740 GOING TO ENGAGE IN THAT HYPOTHETICAL BECAUSE JOE BIDEN IS VERY MUCH ALIVE AND RUNNING FOR RE-ELECTION. 96 00:12:21,807 --> 00:12:28,981 >> BUT YOU DO KNOW -- I MEAN, THAT IS A CONCERN, AND A LEGITIMATE CONCERN, I WOULD SAY. >> I HEAR FROM A LOT OF 97 00:12:29,048 --> 00:12:33,953 DFFERENT PEOPLE A LOT OF DIFFERENT THINGS. BUT LET ME JUST TELL YOU, I'M FOCUSED ON THE JOB. 98 00:12:34,019 --> 00:12:40,459 I TRULY AM. OUR DEMOCRACY IS ON THE LINE, BILL. AND I, FRANKLY, IN MY HEAD DO 99 00:12:40,526 --> 00:12:52,304 NOT HAVE TIME FOR PARLOR GAMES. WHEN WE HAVE A PRESIDENT WHO IS RUNNING FOR RE-ELECTION. THAT'S IT. 100 00:12:52,371 --> 00:13:00,579 >> CONVENTIONAL WISDOM IS THAT MOST PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS ARE WON OR LOST ON THE ECONOMY. AND WHILE INFLATION HAS BEEN 101 00:13:00,646 --> 00:13:07,820 COMING DOWN, PRICES FOR BASICS LIKE FOOD AND SHELTER REMAIN STAGGERINGLY HIGH. >> WE CAME INTO OFFICE DURING 102 00:13:07,887 --> 00:13:18,063 THE HEIGHT OF A PANDEMIC. RECORD UNEMPLOYMENT. AND BECAUSE OF OUR ECONOMIC POLICIES, WE NOW ARE REDUCING 103 00:13:18,130 --> 00:13:25,738 INFLATION. WE HAVE CREATED OVER 14 MILLION NEW JOBS. WE'VE CREATED OVER 800,000 NEW 104 00:13:25,804 --> 00:13:29,842 MANUFACTURING JOBS. WAGES ARE UP. AND SO WE'VE SEEN GREAT PROGRESS. 105 00:13:29,909 --> 00:13:39,084 >> CONSIDERING WHAT YOU ARE LAYING OUT AS YOUR ACHIEVEMENTS, YOU HAVE THE CURRENT FRONTRUNNER FOR THE GOP, DONALD TRUMP, 106 00:13:39,151 --> 00:13:45,724 FACING, WHAT, 91 CRIMINAL CHARGES? >> I'VE LOST COUNT. >> YET, THE BIDEN/HARRIS TICKET 107 00:13:45,791 --> 00:13:55,067 IS RUNNING NECK AND NECK WITH DONALD TRUMP. WHY ARE YOU NOT 30 POINTS AHEAD? >> WELL, I'M NOT A POLITICAL 108 00:13:55,134 --> 00:14:00,306 PUNDIT. SO I'M NOT GOING TO SPEAK TO THAT. BUT WHAT I WILL SAY IS THIS. 109 00:14:00,372 --> 00:14:09,381 WHEN THE AMERICAN PEOPLE ARE ABLE TO TAKE A CLOSE LOOK AT ELECTION TIME ON THEIR OPTIONS, I THINK THE CHOICE IS GOING TO 110 00:14:09,448 --> 00:14:13,852 BE CLEAR. BILL, WE'RE GOING TO WIN. LET ME JUST TELL YOU THAT. WE'RE GOING TO WIN. 111 00:14:13,919 --> 00:14:19,358 AND I'M NOT SAYING IT'S GOING TO BE EASY. BUT WE WILL WIN. >> YOU SAY THAT WITH SUCH 112 00:14:19,425 --> 00:14:24,230 CONVICTION. >> I HAVE NO DOUBT, BUT I ALSO HAVE NO DOUBT IT'S GOING TO BE A LOT OF WORK. 113 00:14:24,296 --> 00:14:31,370 AND EVERYONE'S GOING TO HAVE TO PARTICIPATE. THIS IS A DEMOCRACY. >> DEMOCRACY, SHE SAID THAT WORD 114 00:14:31,437 --> 00:14:38,911 OFTEN DURING OUR INTERVIEW. DESPITE THE CRITICISM AND LOW POLL NUMBERS, FORMER PROSECUTOR KAMALA HARRIS TOLD US SHE'S 115 00:14:38,978 --> 00:14:47,019 PREPARED TO TRUST THE VERDICT OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE. DO YOU HAVE TO ASK YOURSELF WHY ARE PEOPLE SEEMING NOT TO HEAR 116 00:14:47,086 --> 00:14:55,294 OUR MESSAGE? >> I LOOK AT IT MORE AS LET'S KEEP GETTING OUT THERE. AND, AS WITH ANY ELECTION, WE 117 00:14:55,361 --> 00:15:00,466 GOT TO MAKE OUR CASE TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, THAT'S PART OF OUR RESPONSIBILITY. AND THAT'S THIS PROCESS. 118 00:15:00,532 --> 00:15:13,646 AND THAT'S WHAT IT IS. AND THAT'S A FAIR PROCESS. 119 00:15:15,314 --> 00:15:25,157 >>> THE DAY RUSSIA INVADED ONE OF ITS NEIGHBORS, WAGED A BLOODY WAR AND SEIZED A FIFTH OF THAT NEIGHBOR'S TERRITORY, FEAR AND 120 00:15:25,224 --> 00:15:28,861 SHOCK RIPPLED THROUGHOUT THE REGION. WE ARE NOT TALKING ABOUT RUSSIA'S INVASION OF UKRAINE, 121 00:15:28,927 --> 00:15:34,099 RATHER, THE SMALL COUNTRY OF GEORGIA. THAT INVASION WAS MORE THAN 15 YEARS AGO. 122 00:15:34,166 --> 00:15:39,338 VLADIMIR PUTIN'S PLAYBOOK HASN'T CHANGED MUCH. TODAY, GEORGIA -- WHICH SHARES A 556-MILE BORDER WITH RUSSIA -- 123 00:15:39,405 --> 00:15:46,145 IS STILL TRYING TO REMOVE THE GRIP OF THE KREMLIN. DAYS AFTER RUSSIA INVADED UKRAINE, GEORGIA SUBMITTED AN 124 00:15:46,211 --> 00:15:53,552 APPLICATION TO BECOME PART OF THE EUROPEAN UNION WITH HOPES OF GAINING A WESTERN INSURANCE POLICY TO PROTECT IT. 125 00:15:53,619 --> 00:16:00,959 TONIGHT, YOU WILL HEAR FROM THE PRESIDENT OF GEORGIA, SALOME ZOURABICHVILL, THE DAUGHTER OF GEORGIAN REFUGEES, 126 00:16:01,026 --> 00:16:07,232 RAISED IN PARIS SHE SAYS THAT VLADIMIR PUTIN HAS LAUNCHED A QUIET INVASION OF GEORGIA IN AN ATTEMPT TO EXTEND RUSSIA'S 127 00:16:07,299 --> 00:16:14,640 REACH. >> THE WAR IN UKRAINE IS NOW MOVING INTO ITS THIRD YEAR. HOW IS THE WAR THERE IMPACTING 128 00:16:14,707 --> 00:16:24,049 LIFE HERE? >> IT IS, OF COURSE, A REMINDER OF EVERYTHING THAT THIS COUNTRY HAS GONE THROUGH. 129 00:16:24,116 --> 00:16:36,128 AND OF THE FACT THAT IT'S ALWAYS AN IMMEDIATE DANGER AND THREAT. IT'S ALREADY PART OF THE REALITY THAT RUSSIA IS TESTING THE 130 00:16:36,195 --> 00:16:40,866 GROUND. >> YOU THINK THE RUSSIANS ARE TESTING THE GROUND RIGHT NOW IN GEORGIA? 131 00:16:40,933 --> 00:16:46,638 >> RIGHT NOW. >> HOW SO? >> HERE THEIR WAY, THEIR EASY WAY IS THE HYBRID WAR. 132 00:16:46,705 --> 00:16:56,081 >> A HYBRID WAR THAT HAS INCLUDED ONLINE AND TELEVISED DISINFORMATION CAMPAIGNS AND ANTI-WESTERN PROPAGANDA PUMPED 133 00:16:56,148 --> 00:17:03,489 INTO GEORGIA -- A FAVORITE TACTIC OF THE KREMLIN. GEORGIANS HAVE SEEN IT BEFORE. IN 2008, THREE WEEKS BEFORE 134 00:17:03,555 --> 00:17:10,329 RUSSIA LAUNCHED ITS FIRST AIRSTRIKE IN GEORGIA, MOSCOW HIT THE COUNTRY WITH A SERIES OF CYBERATTACKS. 135 00:17:10,396 --> 00:17:19,438 THE FIVE DAY, BLOODY BATTLE THAT FOLLOWED ENDED WITH RUSSIA SEIZING 20% OF GEORGIA'S LAND. PRESIDENT ZOURABICHVILL SAYS THE 136 00:17:19,505 --> 00:17:24,476 MOSTLY MUTED INTERNATIONAL REACTION TO THAT WAR LAID THE GROUNDWORK FOR RUSSIA'S INVASION OF UKRAINE AND VLADIMIR PUTIN'S 137 00:17:24,543 --> 00:17:32,918 PLAN TO BRING FORMER SOVIET REPUBLICS BACK INTO THE RUSSIAN FOLD. TODAY, A FIFTH OF GEORGIA IS 138 00:17:32,985 --> 00:17:45,030 OCCUPIED BY THE RUSSIAN MILITARY AND AN ESTIMATED 8,000 RUSSIAN TROOPS ARE INSIDE THE GEORGIAN BORDER. 139 00:17:45,097 --> 00:17:49,768 WE TRAVELED WITH GEORGIAN SECURITY FORCES 37 MILES OUTSIDE THE CAPITAL OF TBILISI INTO THE TINY VILLAGE OF KHURVALETI. 140 00:17:49,835 --> 00:18:06,685 TODAY, IT IS A RURAL NO-MANS LAND. ACROSS A RICKETY BRIDGE, WE FOUND AN ABANDONED STRETCH OF 141 00:18:06,752 --> 00:18:11,390 FARMLAND... CHOKED OFF BY BARBED WIRE, WARNING SIGNS TO STAY OUT AND A DEFIANT 87-YEAR-OLD 142 00:18:11,457 --> 00:18:18,730 VALYA VANISHVILI. >> Translator: THE RUSSIANS HAVE TOLD ME, "THIS IS OUR LAND." AND I SAID, "NO, YOUR LAND IS IN 143 00:18:18,797 --> 00:18:26,605 RUSSIA. THIS IS OUR LAND, NOT YOURS. YOU HAVE NO RIGHTS HERE." >> HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN SURROUNDED BY THE BARBED WIRE? 144 00:18:26,672 --> 00:18:37,683 >> Translator: FOR 15 YEARS. >> IN 2008, HER LAND WAS SEIZED BY RUSSIAN TROOPS. THE GRANDMOTHER OF FOUR STILL 145 00:18:37,749 --> 00:18:45,023 REFUSES TO SURRENDER HER HOME. CUT OFF FROM FAMILY, SHE RELIES ON OUTSIDERS AND A STICK TO DELIVER FOOD AND THE MEDICINE 146 00:18:45,090 --> 00:18:49,228 SHE NEEDS. SHE WHISPERED TO US, THAT THE RUSSIANS WERE WATCHING US...FROM OVER THAT HILL. 147 00:18:49,294 --> 00:18:57,102 >> ARE YOU AFRAID OF THE RUSSIANS? >> Translator: YES, I'M AFRAID OF THEM. 148 00:18:57,169 --> 00:19:01,874 WHAT IF THEY TAKE ME AND DETAIN ME? NOBODY CAN HELP ME. I'M ALONE. 149 00:19:01,940 --> 00:19:07,112 WHEN IT'S ONLY COUPLE OF THEM, I CAN ALWAYS ANSWER THEM AND FIGHT BACK. BUT WHEN IT'S A LOT OF THEM, 150 00:19:07,179 --> 00:19:15,521 THERE'S NOTHING I CAN DO. >> GEORGIA IS BORDERED ON THE NORTH BY RUSSIA, THE EAST BY AZERBAIJAN, AND THE SOUTH BY 151 00:19:15,587 --> 00:19:22,327 ARMENIA AND TURKEY. THE BRIDGE BETWEEN THE BLACK AND CASPIAN SEA -- AN IMPORTANT ROUTE FOR NATURAL GAS AND OIL. 152 00:19:22,394 --> 00:19:30,769 HIGH UP IN THE MOUNTAINS OF GEORGIA, WE SAW ANOTHER REASON THE SMALL COUNTRY OF NEARLY 4 MILLION IS CRUCIAL TO THE 153 00:19:30,836 --> 00:19:37,042 KREMLIN. A LONG LINE OF TRUCKS, MANY OF THEM CARRYING EUROPEAN CARGO ACROSS THE BORDER INTO RUSSIA. 154 00:19:37,109 --> 00:19:44,383 UNITED NATIONS DATA SHOWS THAT SINCE THE WAR BEGAN EVERYTHING FROM CARS TO CHEMICALS HAVE ROLLED INTO RUSSIA THROUGH 155 00:19:44,449 --> 00:19:52,257 GEORGIA -- SOME IN VIOLATION OF WESTERN SANCTIONS -- A LIFELINE FOR PUTIN'S REGIME. THERE IS TRAFFIC COMING IN TO 156 00:19:52,324 --> 00:19:57,496 GEORGIA TOO. THOUSANDS OF RUSSIAN NATIONALS ENTERING THE COUNTRY IN CARS AND ON FOOT. 157 00:19:57,563 --> 00:20:05,871 EXTENDING FOR MILES AND ARRIVING IN WAVES, FIRST AT THE BEGINNING OF THE UKRAINE WAR IN 2022 AND AGAIN LAST SEPTEMBER WHEN 158 00:20:05,938 --> 00:20:13,211 FIGHTING-AGE MEN FLED RUSSIA'S MANDATED MILITARY SERVICE. BUT SOME GEORGIANS WORRY PUTIN LOYALISTS COULD BE ENTERING THE 159 00:20:13,278 --> 00:20:20,552 COUNTRY TOO, LAYING THE GROUNDWORK FOR RUSSIA'S NEXT MOVE. WHEN VLADIMIR PUTIN INVADED 160 00:20:20,619 --> 00:20:35,267 UKRAINE IN 2022, HE SAID IT WAS TO, AMONG OTHER THINGS, PROTECT THE RUSSIANS LIVING THERE. PRESIDENT ZOURABICHVILI FEARS 161 00:20:35,334 --> 00:20:41,573 PUTIN COULD LAUNCH A SIMILAR CAMPAIGN IN GEORGIA. SINCE THE WAR, GEORGIA HAS BECOME HOME TO 100,000 RUSSIANS. 162 00:20:41,640 --> 00:20:51,049 >> IT'S VERY UNNERVING WHEN IN YOUR OWN COUNTRY YOU HAVE PEOPLE THAT ARE TALKING THE LANGUAGE OF THE ENEMY. 163 00:20:51,116 --> 00:20:56,822 AND THAT BELIEVE THAT THEY'RE AT HOME. >> THE RUSSIANS BELIEVE THAT THEY ARE AT HOME. 164 00:20:56,888 --> 00:21:02,160 >> THEY'RE BEHAVING AND BELIEVING THAT THEY ARE VERY MUCH AT HOME. SO THERE IS A FINE LINE. 165 00:21:02,227 --> 00:21:07,899 AND THAT LINE HAS TO BE KEPT SO THAT WE DO NOT HAVE INCIDENTS IN THE FUTURE THAT WOULD ALLOW RUSSIA TO USE THEIR FAVORITE 166 00:21:07,966 --> 00:21:13,839 DOCTRINE OF PROTECTING RUSSIAN-SPEAKING CITIZENS. >> SO WHY DOESN'T GEORGIA JUST SAY, NO MORE RUSSIANS THROUGH 167 00:21:13,905 --> 00:21:17,876 OUR BORDER? >> THAT IS A QUESTION FOR THE AUTHORITIES. >> AREN'T YOU THE AUTHORITY? 168 00:21:17,943 --> 00:21:24,683 >> NO. I DON'T HAVE THE EXECUTIVE POWERS, UNFORTUNATELY. >> THE EXECUTIVE POWER TO 169 00:21:24,750 --> 00:21:31,823 CONTROL GEORGIA'S BORDERS IS SQUARELY IN THE HANDS OF ITS PRIME MINISTER -- IRAKLI GARIBASHVILI. 170 00:21:31,890 --> 00:21:39,364 PUBLICLY, HE'S SAID THAT HE SUPPORTS THE COUNTRY'S BID TO MOVE AWAY FROM NEIGHBORING RUSSIA AND JOIN THE EUROPEAN 171 00:21:39,431 --> 00:21:46,738 UNION. TELL A DIFFERENT STORY. SINCE THE UKRAINE INVASION, PRIME MINISTER GARIBASHVILI 172 00:21:46,805 --> 00:21:58,817 AGREED TO RESUME FLIGHTS BETWEEN TBILISI AND MOSCOW FOR THE FIRST TIME IN ALMOST FIVE YEARS. HE'S ALSO FAILED TO ADOPT STRONG 173 00:21:58,884 --> 00:22:03,622 SANCTIONS AGAINST RUSSIA. CRITICS OF THE PRIME MINISTER ACCUSE HIM OF BEING IN THE POCKET OF A GEORGIAN OLIGARCH, 174 00:22:03,689 --> 00:22:08,860 BIDZINA IVANSHIVILLI, A BILLIONAIRE WHO HELPED GET HIM ELECTED. THE 67-YEAR-OLD OLIGARCH MADE 175 00:22:08,927 --> 00:22:14,099 HIS FORTUNE IN RUSSIA AND SERVED A BRIEF STINT AS GEORGIA'S PRIME MINISTER. HIS $50 MILLION HOME LOOMS OVER 176 00:22:14,166 --> 00:22:22,007 TBILISI, A REMINDER OF HIS WEALTH AND POWER. LAST SUMMER, EUROPEAN LAWMAKERS CALLED FOR SANCTIONS AGAINST THE 177 00:22:22,074 --> 00:22:28,313 OLIGARCH FOR HIS, QUOTE, LINKS TO THE KREMLIN -- A CONNECTION THAT COULD UNDERMINE GEORGIA'S E.U. BID. 178 00:22:28,380 --> 00:22:35,153 >> WE'RE GOING IN WITH A GOVERNMENT THAT'S COMPLETELY CORRUPT, A GOVERNMENT THAT'S PRO-RUSSIAN, CLEARLY 179 00:22:35,220 --> 00:22:41,460 ANTI-WESTERN, CLEARLY DOES NOT REALLY CARE ABOUT WHAT THE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION WANTS AND NEEDS. 180 00:22:41,526 --> 00:22:48,266 >> ANA TAVADZE AND DACHI IMEDADZE ARE MEMBERS OF THE SHAME MOVEMENT -- A GROUP WITH THOUSANDS OF YOUNG 181 00:22:48,333 --> 00:22:56,675 FOLLOWERS WORKING TOWARDS GEORGIA'S ENTRY INTO THE EUROPEAN UNION. >> IF RUSSIA WINS, IT MEANS A 182 00:22:56,742 --> 00:23:03,014 LOSS OF FREEDOM, LOSS OF EVERYTHING THAT WE FOUGHT FOR IN THE PAST 30 YEARS BASICALLY. IT'S A FIGHT FOR VALUES. 183 00:23:03,081 --> 00:23:12,491 IT'S A FIGHT FOR WHERE YOU WANT TO STAND IN THIS BIG FIGHT FOR DEMOCRACY. >> AS SOON AS THE WEST, IN ANY 184 00:23:12,557 --> 00:23:17,696 FORM, BE IT THE U.S. PARTNERSHIP, BE IT THE EUROPEAN UNION IS NOT REPRESENTED IN THIS COUNTRY, RUSSIA WILL FILL THE 185 00:23:17,763 --> 00:23:24,503 VOID RIGHT AWAY. >> THEY SAY THE INFLUX OF RUSSIANS IS ALREADY CHANGING THE FACE OF GEORGIA. 186 00:23:24,569 --> 00:23:29,274 >> WHAT ARE THEY DOING, IF WE LOOK AT IT? THEY'RE BUYING APARTMENTS. THEY'RE BUYING PRIVATE PROPERTY. 187 00:23:29,341 --> 00:23:37,616 THEY ARE OPENING UP BUSINESSES. THEIR ACTIONS CHANGED GEORGIAN ECONOMY. >> THE RUSSIANS ARE BUYING 188 00:23:37,682 --> 00:23:42,888 APARTMENTS HERE IN EVERY 33 MINUTES. THEY'RE PURCHASING A PIECE OF LAND IN EVERY 27 MINUTES. 189 00:23:42,954 --> 00:23:51,830 AND THEY'RE REGISTERING A BUSINESS IN EVERY 26 MINUTES. SO, I THINK WE ARE ON THE BRINK OF VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION HERE 190 00:23:51,897 --> 00:23:59,671 IN GEORGIA. >> ACCORDING TO PUBLIC RECORDS, RUSSIANS HAVE REGISTERED 21,000 BUSINESSES IN GEORGIA OVER THE 191 00:23:59,738 --> 00:24:04,976 LAST 18 MONTHS. AND LAUNCHED FIVE NEW RUSSIAN-ONLY SCHOOLS, NONE OF WHICH ARE LICENSED BY GEORGIA'S 192 00:24:05,043 --> 00:24:14,452 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. RUSSIANS HAVE DRIVEN RENT UP NEARLY 130%, PRICES FOR EVERYTHING FROM FOOD TO CARS 193 00:24:14,519 --> 00:24:21,827 HAVE GONE UP 7%. OVER 100,000 GEORGIANS HAVE LEFT THE COUNTRY BECAUSE MANY OF THEM CAN'T AFFORD TO LIVE HERE 194 00:24:21,893 --> 00:24:26,031 ANYMORE. >> I'VE HEARD THIS DESCRIBED AS A QUIET INVASION. >> QUIET INVASION, YEAH. 195 00:24:26,097 --> 00:24:31,269 THERE IS A RISK OF THE ECONOMIC DIVERSIONS. THERE IS A RISK OF MILITARY INTERVENTION. 196 00:24:31,336 --> 00:24:41,246 AND THERE'S A RISK OF GEORGIA'S STATEHOOD BEING DESTROYED. >> EMMANUIL LISNIF, GEORGE SMORGULENKO AND PAVEL BAKHADOV 197 00:24:41,313 --> 00:24:47,018 DON'T LOOK LIKE MUCH OF A THREAT. ALL RUSSIANS IN THEIR TWENTIES, THEY FLED THEIR COUNTRY FOR FEAR 198 00:24:47,085 --> 00:24:54,893 OF BEING DRAFTED OR IMPRISONED FOR SPEAKING OUT AGAINST PUTIN. THEY NOW LIVE IN GEORGIA AND WORK AT THIS RUSSIAN-OWNED 199 00:24:54,960 --> 00:25:06,037 COMEDY CLUB IN TBILISI. >> I TRY AND SAID I'M AGAINST THE WAR IN RUSSIA. I WAS BEATEN. 200 00:25:06,104 --> 00:25:11,776 AND AFTER THAT GOING TO PRISON THREE TIMES. >> SO THREE TIMES YOU WENT TO JAIL? 201 00:25:11,843 --> 00:25:17,015 >> YES, YES, THREE TIMES. >> I BELIEVE AND I KNOW THAT RUSSIANS ACTUALLY AGAINST THE WAR. 202 00:25:17,082 --> 00:25:22,554 >> YOU THINK THAT MOST RUSSIANS ARE AGAINST THE WAR? >> YEAH, JUST SCARED, REALLY SCARED. 203 00:25:22,621 --> 00:25:26,958 >> HAVE ANY OF YOU HAD ANY AGGRESSION TOWARDS YOU BECAUSE YOU'RE RUSSIAN? >> ACTUALLY, I HAVE A BIG 204 00:25:27,025 --> 00:25:32,230 WRITING ON THE WALL. IT'S THE BIGGEST THING I SEE ROM MY WINDOW, JUST BIG "RUSSIANS GO HOME." 205 00:25:32,297 --> 00:25:39,037 >> THERE IS NO SUBTLETY IN SPRAY PAINT...ANTI-RUSSIAN GRAFFITI BLANKETS THE CITY ALONG WITH SUPPORT FOR UKRAINE. 206 00:25:39,104 --> 00:25:46,344 ON CRUMBLING WALLS, THE GEORGIAN FLAG IS JOINED WITH THOSE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, THE U.S. AND NATO. 207 00:25:46,411 --> 00:25:54,219 OVER 80% OF THE GEORGIAN PUBLIC BACKS ENTRY INTO THE E.U., AS DOES GEORGIAN PRESIDENT ZOURABICHVILI. 208 00:25:54,286 --> 00:26:02,127 BUT HER POSITION HAS BECOME INCREASINGLY CEREMONIAL AS THE COUNTRY MOVES TOWARDS A PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT. 209 00:26:02,193 --> 00:26:07,966 AFTER SHE WENT TO EUROPE TO TRY AND PAVE THE WAY FOR GEORGIA'S E.U. BID, PRIME MINISTER IRAKLI GARIBASHVILI ACCUSED HER 210 00:26:08,033 --> 00:26:16,875 OF VIOLATING THE CONSTITUTION, BANNED HER FROM TRAVELING TO EUROPE, AND TRIED BUT FAILED TO IMPEACH HER. 211 00:26:16,942 --> 00:26:23,214 PRESIDENT ZOURABICHVILI HAS DEFIANTLY CONTINUED TO FLY TO EUROPE TO MEET WITH LEADERS ON HER OWN DIME. 212 00:26:23,281 --> 00:26:28,987 >> IT DOESN'T SEEM LIKE THE PRIME MINISTER IS INTERESTED IN JOINING THE E.U. >> WELL, THAT'S A QUESTION THAT 213 00:26:29,054 --> 00:26:38,463 THE WHOLE POPULATION IS ASKING, WHETHER THEY REALLY WANT IT, OR WHETHER IT'S LIP SERVICE. >> THIS IS A CRITICAL TIME. 214 00:26:38,530 --> 00:26:46,304 DO YOU FEEL LIKE THE WEST, PARTICULARLY THE U.S., HAS BEEN RESPONSIVE ENOUGH AND SUPPORTIVE ENOUGH OF GEORGIA IN THIS 215 00:26:46,371 --> 00:26:53,144 MOMENT? >> I DON'T THINK SO. AND I WILL TAKE ONE CONCRETE EXAMPLE. 216 00:26:53,211 --> 00:27:02,654 I'VE BEEN A PRESIDENT NOW FOR FIVE YEARS. AND I'VE NOT MANAGED TO HAVE ANY FORM OF MEETING AT MY LEVEL, 217 00:27:02,721 --> 00:27:08,960 WHICH WOULD BE THE PRESIDENT OR THE VICE PRESIDENT EVEN THROUGH A PHONE CALL. I UNDERSTAND THAT THERE ARE MORE 218 00:27:09,027 --> 00:27:16,334 URGENT ISSUES. BUT I THINK THAT SOME MORE PUBLIC RECOGNITION IS NEEDED. >> RECOGNITION OF? 219 00:27:16,401 --> 00:27:24,709 >> OF THE FACT THAT UNITED STATES IS SUPPORTING OUR CANDIDATE STATUS WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION. 220 00:27:24,776 --> 00:27:33,618 I KNOW THAT IS THE LANGUAGE THAT THE U.S. HAS WITH OUR EUROPEAN PARTNERS BUT THAT BEING REPEATED BY THE HIGHEST LEVEL WOULD BE 221 00:27:33,685 --> 00:27:39,391 MEANINGFUL FOR THE GEORGIAN POPULATION. >> THE E.U. HAS LAID OUT A LIST OF REQUIREMENTS FOR GEORGIA TO 222 00:27:39,457 --> 00:27:45,663 BECOME A CANDIDATE FOR MEMBERSHIP. THE CONDITIONS INCLUDE TACKLING CORRUPTION AND LESSENING THE 223 00:27:45,730 --> 00:27:52,470 ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL INFLUENCE OF DOMESTIC OLIGARCHS. A DECISION IS EXPECTED BY THE END OF THE YEAR. 224 00:27:52,537 --> 00:28:02,013 >> WHAT HAPPENS TO GEORGIA IF THE E.U. DENIES THE BID? >> IT WILL BE A BIG VICTORY FOR RUSSIA. 225 00:28:02,080 --> 00:28:08,319 >> A VICTORY VALYA VANISHVILI REFUSES TO GIVE THEM. 87 YEARS OLD, SHE SAYS SHE IS HOLDING HER GROUND, FOR HERSELF 226 00:28:08,386 --> 00:28:11,389 AND FOR GEORGIA. 227 00:28:22,867 --> 00:28:29,841 >>> NOW DR. JON LaPOOK ON ASSIGNMENT FOR "60 MINUTES." >> WITH A NEW STRAIN OF COVID ON THE RISE, AND FLU SEASON JUST 228 00:28:29,908 --> 00:28:39,651 GETTING STARTED, WE THOUGHT NOW WOULD BE A GOOD TIME TO CONSIDER WHAT THE PANDEMIC HAS TAUGHT US ABOUT PREVENTING THE PSPREAD OF 229 00:28:39,717 --> 00:28:45,290 POTENTIALLY DEADLY RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS. IT TURNS OUT, VIRUSES LIKE THE ONE THAT CAUSES COVID-19 CAN 230 00:28:45,356 --> 00:28:51,663 TRAVEL THROUGH THE AIR MUCH FARTHER THAN 6 FEET, SO PUBLIC HEALTH ADVICE FOCUSING ON SOCIAL DISTANCING, HANDWASHING, AND 231 00:28:51,729 --> 00:28:57,368 MASKING WASN'T ENOUGH, AIR QUALITY SCIENTISTS SAY, FROM THE START OF THE PANDEMIC, IT ALSO SHOULD HAVE FOCUSED ON IMPROVING 232 00:28:57,435 --> 00:29:04,776 THE AIR WE ALL BREATHE...INDOORS. NOW, SOME COMPANIES ARE DOING JUST THAT -- FOR THE HEALTH OF 233 00:29:04,843 --> 00:29:12,117 THEIR WORKERS AND THE HEALTH OF THEIR BOTTOM LINE. >> THE ORIGINAL SIN OF THE PANDEMIC WAS THE FAILURE TO 234 00:29:12,183 --> 00:29:19,524 RECOGNIZE AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION. >> PROFESSOR JOE ALLEN OF HARVARD'S T.H. CHAN SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH BELIEVES THE RAPID 235 00:29:19,591 --> 00:29:25,797 SPREAD OF COVID IN EARLY 2020 WAS PREVENTIBLE. >> THINK ABOUT THE PUBLIC HEALTH GAINS WE'VE MADE OVER THE PAST 236 00:29:25,864 --> 00:29:33,705 HUNDRED YEARS. WE'VE MADE IMPROVEMENTS TO WATER QUALITY, OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION, OUR FOOD SAFETY, WE'VE MADE 237 00:29:33,771 --> 00:29:40,011 IMPROVEMENTS TO SANITATION: ABSOLUTE BASICS OF PUBLIC HEALTH. WHERE HAS INDOOR AIR BEEN IN 238 00:29:40,078 --> 00:29:47,352 THAT CONVERSATION? IT'S TOTALLY FORGOTTEN ABOUT. AND THE PANDEMIC SHOWED WHAT A GLARING MISTAKE THAT WAS. 239 00:29:47,418 --> 00:29:52,624 >> WHAT DO YOU THINK WAS LOST BECAUSE OF THAT LAG IN UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THIS WAS SPREAD? 240 00:29:52,690 --> 00:30:00,498 >> TENS OF THOUSANDS OF LIVES IN THE U.S., MANY MORE GLOBALLY. IT'S NOT AN EXAGGERATION. >> IT'S ALSO NO EXAGGERATION TO 241 00:30:00,565 --> 00:30:09,407 SAY THOSE EARLY DAYS OF COVID WERE UNFORGETTABLE. IN THE U.S. BY MARCH 2020, THE VIRUS BEGAN TAKING ITS TOLL IN 242 00:30:09,474 --> 00:30:16,714 PLACES LIKE THE LIFECARE CENTER NURSING HOME IN KIRKLAND, WASHINGTON. 60 MILES AWAY IN MOUNT VERNON, 243 00:30:16,781 --> 00:30:24,088 WASHINGTON, THE SKAGIT VALLEY CHORALE HELD ONE OF ITS WEEKLY REHEARSALS IN A CHURCH. HALF THE MEMBERS STAYED AWAY. 244 00:30:24,155 --> 00:30:32,497 BUT THE OTHER HALF SHOWED UP. AMONG THEM WERE BOARD MEMBERS DEBBIE AMOS, MARK AND RUTH BACKLUND, AND COIZIE BETTINGER. 245 00:30:32,564 --> 00:30:39,704 >> WE JUST THOGHT HAND SANITIZER, WASH YOUR HANDS A LOT, YOU KNOW, DON'T HUG EACH OTHER, BECAUSE THAT'S TOUCH. 246 00:30:39,771 --> 00:30:47,212 >> NONE OF IT WAS GOOD ENOUGH. WITHIN A FEW DAYS, CHORALE MEMBERS BEGAN TO GET SICK. IN ALL, COVID HIT 53 OF THE 61 247 00:30:47,278 --> 00:30:54,519 PEOPLE THERE THAT NIGHT. TWO OF THEM, BOTH IN THEIR 80s, DIED. >> WE WERE GOING, "THIS -- THIS 248 00:30:54,586 --> 00:30:59,791 HAS GOT TO BE SPREAD SOME OTHER WAY." IT -- >> REALLY? >> BECAUSE WE WERE GOOD. 249 00:30:59,857 --> 00:31:04,529 WE WERE GOOD. >> SO COVID WAS PERCOLATING AND YOU THOUGHT YOU WERE DOING EVERYTHING YOU WERE SUPPOSED TO 250 00:31:04,596 --> 00:31:08,733 DO? >> YES. >> RIGHT. >> SKAGIT COUNTY HEALTH 251 00:31:08,800 --> 00:31:14,505 OFFICIALS SAID THE REHEARSAL "COULD BE CONSIDERED A SUPERSPREADING EVENT" -- ONE OF THE EARLIEST IN THE COUNTRY -- 252 00:31:14,572 --> 00:31:19,711 AND CONCLUDED THAT CHOIR MEMBERS HAD "AN INTENSE AND PROLONGED EXPOSURE" TO SURFACES, DROPLETS AND POSSIBLY EVEN MICROSCOPIC 253 00:31:19,777 --> 00:31:24,983 AIRBORNE PARTICLES CALLED "AEROSOLS," CONTAINING THE VIRUS. THAT CAUGHT THE ATTENTION OF 254 00:31:25,049 --> 00:31:30,188 LINSEY MARR, A VIRGINIA TECH UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR SPECIALIZING IN AEROSOL SCIENCE, AND SEVERAL OF HER FELLOW 255 00:31:30,255 --> 00:31:36,494 RESEARCHERS. EVEN THOUGH THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY WAS FOCUSED ON DROPLETS, SURFACES AND 256 00:31:36,561 --> 00:31:43,301 HANDWASHING, THESE RESEARCHERS STRONGLY BELIEVED COVID WAS MOSTLY AN AIRBORNE DISEASE, BUT NEEDED MORE PROOF. 257 00:31:43,368 --> 00:31:50,174 SO THEY LAUNCHED THEIR OWN ANALYSIS. >> I THOUGHT, WOW, THIS IS EVEN WORSE THAN I THOUGHT. 258 00:31:50,241 --> 00:31:54,812 THIS HAS TO BE AIRBORNE. THERE'S REALLY NO OTHER EXPLANATION FOR IT. SOME PEOPLE ARE GOING TO SAY, 259 00:31:54,879 --> 00:32:00,618 OH, THEY ALL TOUCHED THE SAME DOORKNOB. BUT, AFTER THE FIRST FEW PEOPLE TOUCH THAT DOORKNOB, THERE'S NO 260 00:32:00,685 --> 00:32:05,890 MORE VIRUS LEFT. >> THAT'S WHAT HAPPENS WITH OUR EXHALED BREATH. >> PROFESSOR MARR USED A PORTAL 261 00:32:05,957 --> 00:32:13,798 FOGGER TO HELP EXPLAIN HOW SO MANY CHOIR MEMBERS COULD HAVE GOTTEN SICK. >> WHEN THEY'RE SINGING, THEY 262 00:32:13,865 --> 00:32:22,140 ARE RELEASING VIRUS PARTICLES INTO THE AIR CONSTANTLY, PROBABLY, LIKE THIS. AND THOSE ARE GOING TO DRIFT 263 00:32:22,206 --> 00:32:27,412 AROUND IN THE ROOM. NOTICE THEY'RE NOT JUST FALLING TO THE GROUND. AND NOW AS WE CONTINUE TO SING, 264 00:32:27,478 --> 00:32:33,351 THERE'S MORE AND MORE OF THEM IN THE ROOM. AND YOU CAN SEE AS THEY'RE DRIFTING AROUND THEY'RE REACHING 265 00:32:33,418 --> 00:32:37,889 THESE OTHER PEOPLE NEARBY. AND THEY WERE THERE FOR TWO AND A HALF HOURS. AND YOU CAN IMAGINE THAT AFTER 266 00:32:37,955 --> 00:32:43,127 THAT AMOUNT OF TIME THE OTHER PEOPLE WOULD'VE BREATHED IN ENOUGH OF THEM TO GET SICK THEMSELVES. 267 00:32:43,194 --> 00:32:49,934 >> ESPECIALLY IF AT NIGHT THE HVAC SYSTEM WAS TURNED OFF. >> AS FAR AS WE KNOW, IT WASN'T RUNNING AND SO THERE WERE 268 00:32:50,001 --> 00:32:56,240 VERY -- THERE WAS VERY POOR VENTILATION IN THAT ROOM WHEN THIS WAS ALL HAPPENING. >> AN HVAC UNIT, SHORT FOR 269 00:32:56,307 --> 00:33:02,613 HEATING, VENTILATION, AND AIR-CONDITIONING, IS THE HEART AND LUNGS OF ANY BUILDING. THE RESEARCHERS SUSPECTED THE 270 00:33:02,680 --> 00:33:10,988 THERMOSTAT MOST LIKELY SHUT OFF THE HVAC UNIT BECAUSE THE CHORALE MEMBERS WERE GENERATING ENOUGH HEAT ON THEIR OWN. 271 00:33:11,055 --> 00:33:16,728 >> AND RIGHT NOW, THERE'S NO VENTILATION? >> VERY, VERY LOW. >> OKAY. 272 00:33:16,794 --> 00:33:23,568 >> AND ACTUALLY IT'S SIMILAR TO WHAT WAS IN THE CHURCH WHERE THE GROUP WAS REHEARSING. >> THEN, PROFESSOR MARR TURNED 273 00:33:23,634 --> 00:33:30,908 UP THE CIRCULATION TO SHOW US HOW BETTER AIR FLOW COULD HAVE HELPED REMOVE AEROSOLS AND SLOW THE SPREAD OF VIRUS. 274 00:33:30,975 --> 00:33:35,079 >> INSTEAD OF JUST DRIFTING ALL OVER THE ROOM -- >> OH... >> YOU CAN ACTUALLY SEE IT, 275 00:33:35,146 --> 00:33:40,918 RIGHT, GOING UP THROUGH THERE. >> I SURE CAN. THAT IS DRAMATIC TO SEE THAT. >> THE ANALYSIS LED TO ONE OF 276 00:33:40,985 --> 00:33:46,124 THE MOST SIGNIFICANT PAPERS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF VENTILATION PUBLISHED DURING THE PANDEMIC. THEN, LAST YEAR, A STUDY IN 277 00:33:46,190 --> 00:33:54,699 ITALY WENT FURTHER. IT FOUND THAT BY USING A SCHOOL'S FANS AND AIR DUCTS TO MECHANICALLY EXCHANGE INDOOR AIR 278 00:33:54,766 --> 00:34:01,939 WITH OUTDOOR AIR FIVE TIMES AN HOUR, THE RISK OF COVID-19 INFECTIONS DECREASED BY AT LEAST 80%. 279 00:34:02,006 --> 00:34:08,246 BUT, IN THE U.S., IT TOOK UNTIL THIS PAST MAY FOR THE CDC TO RECOMMEND AN AIR EXCHANGE RATE AT ALL. 280 00:34:08,312 --> 00:34:15,586 >> IF YOU LOOK AT THE WAY WE DESIGN AND OPERATE BUILDINGS, AND I MEAN OFFICES, SCHOOLS, LOCAL COFFEE SHOPS, WE HAVEN'T 281 00:34:15,653 --> 00:34:22,927 DESIGNED FOR HEALTH. WE HAVE BARE MINIMUM STANDARDS. IN SCHOOLS THE MINIMUM AIR CHANGE, BY DESIGN, IS ABOUT 282 00:34:22,994 --> 00:34:28,699 THREE AIR CHANGES PER HOUR. REMEMBER, WE WANT AT LEAST FOUR TO SIX. >> IF WE'D HAD THESE INDOOR AIR 283 00:34:28,766 --> 00:34:34,472 QUALITY TARGETS BEFORE THE PANDEMIC, HOW DO YOU THINK THE PANDEMIC WOULD HAVE UNFOLDED DIFFERENTLY? 284 00:34:34,539 --> 00:34:39,710 >> WE STILL WOULD HAVE HAD SPREAD. THIS ISN'T AN "END-THE-PANDEMIC" THING. 285 00:34:39,777 --> 00:34:44,982 WE WOULD HAVE HAD A LOT LESS OF IT, AND WE WOULD HAVE A LOT LESS OF THESE SUPERSPREADING EVENTS. THINK ABOUT THE EARLY DAYS OF 286 00:34:45,049 --> 00:34:51,823 THE PANDEMIC, WITH "FLATTEN THE CURVE" -- "STAY HOME." WHY WASN'T "IMPROVE INDOOR AIR QUALITY" PART OF "FLATTEN THE 287 00:34:51,889 --> 00:34:56,527 CURVE"? WE HAD TOOLS TO PROTECT OURSELVES. MASKING: GREAT TOOL, IT'S A 288 00:34:56,594 --> 00:35:01,866 FILTER. BUT WE IGNORED THE BUILDING SIDE OF THIS. >> SO, AIR IN... 289 00:35:01,933 --> 00:35:07,071 >> BUILDINGS ARE ALLEN'S BUSINESS. AS THE FOUNDER OF HARVARD'S HEALTHY BUILDINGS PROGRAM, HE 290 00:35:07,138 --> 00:35:12,310 DIAGNOSES PROBLEMS IN AIR QUALITY SYSTEMS AND COMES UP WITH SOLUTIONS FOR CLIENTS THAT INCLUDE CBS' PARENT COMPANY, 291 00:35:12,376 --> 00:35:19,150 PARAMOUNT, AND COMMERCIAL REAL-ESTATE COMPANIES LIKE BEACON CAPITAL PARTNERS, WITH BUILDINGS LIKE THIS ONE IN 292 00:35:19,217 --> 00:35:25,490 DOWNTOWN BOSTON. AND, HE ADVISED AMAZON BEFORE THESE NEW 22-STORY TOWERS OPENED LAST MAY IN ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA, 293 00:35:25,556 --> 00:35:33,331 WHERE HE GAVE US A TOUR. >> WHAT DOES A STATE-OF-THE-ART BUILDING LOOK LIKE IN TERMS OF AIR? 294 00:35:33,397 --> 00:35:38,069 >> WE SEE A LOT OF THE ELEMENTS IN THIS BUILDING. YOU HAVE A DEDICATED OUTDOOR AIR SYSTEM THAT'S DELIVERING AIR 295 00:35:38,135 --> 00:35:44,375 ABOVE THE MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS. THEN IT'S GOING THROUGH TWO MERV-13 FILTER BANKS, AND YOU HAVE HIGHLY FILTERED AIR. 296 00:35:44,442 --> 00:35:51,182 >> MERV STANDS FOR MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REPORTING VALUE. A RATING OF 13 MEANS IT CATCHES UP TO 90% OF AIRBORNE 297 00:35:51,249 --> 00:35:59,056 PARTICLES...DEPENDING ON THEIR SIZE...AS THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE NOT JUST AGAINST COVID, BUT OTHER AIRBORNE RESPIRATORY 298 00:35:59,123 --> 00:36:05,396 VIRUSES LIKE FLU AND RSV. >> THIS IS THE PART OF THE BUILDING NOBODY EVER SEES. BUT THIS DETERMINES WHETHER OR 299 00:36:05,463 --> 00:36:11,202 NOT YOU'RE HEALTHY OR SICK IN THE BUILDING, REALLY, WHAT HAPPENS IN THIS SPACE. >> YOU CAN JUST SEE THE FILTERS 300 00:36:11,269 --> 00:36:18,042 ON THE RIGHT HERE. >> AT AMAZON'S NEW OFFICES, THE TOP FLOOR IS A MAZE OF MOTORS, PIPES, AND AIR DUCTS. 301 00:36:18,109 --> 00:36:24,882 >> "THIS IS THE AIR INTAKE..." >> PART OF A $2.5 MILLION HVAC SYSTEM THAT BEGINS WITH MASSIVE ROOFTOP VENTS AND DAMPERS... 302 00:36:24,949 --> 00:36:31,122 >> RIGHT HERE, THIS IS THE WHOLE AIR HANDLING SYSTEM. THIS IS WHERE THE AIR COMES INTO THE BUILDING, IT'S FILTERED, 303 00:36:31,188 --> 00:36:36,928 IT'S COOLED, AND THEN DELIVERED. THIS DETERMINES HOW MUCH AIR ACTUALLY REACHES THE OFFICE SPACE WHERE PEOPLE ARE WORKING, 304 00:36:36,994 --> 00:36:44,268 AND HOW CLEAN THAT AIR IS. >> DOWNSTAIRS, EACH FLOOR HAS A SENSOR THAT TELLS BUILDING ENGINEERS ABOUT THE QUALITY OF 305 00:36:44,335 --> 00:36:50,575 THE INDOOR AIR...SUCH AS LEVELS OF CARBON DIOXIDE, KNOWN AS CO2. >> WE BREATHE OUT THE CARBON DIOXIDE. 306 00:36:50,641 --> 00:36:55,379 >> THAT'S RIGHT. >> THE LESS CARBON DIOXIDE, THE BETTER THE VENTILATION? >> REALLY STRAIGHTFORWARD. 307 00:36:55,446 --> 00:36:59,483 HIGH CARBON DIOXIDE MEANS YOU'RE NOT GETTING ENOUGH OUTDOOR AIR FROM THAT SYSTEM WE JUST LOOKED AT. 308 00:36:59,550 --> 00:37:04,288 IF IT'S LOW, YOU'RE IN GOOD SHAPE. THEN WE ALSO MEASURE PARTICLES. THAT TELLS US THINGS ABOUT, 309 00:37:04,355 --> 00:37:09,193 LIKE, OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION. >> THE ENTIRE SYSTEM CAN BE MONITORED AND CONTROLLED FROM THE BASEMENT. 310 00:37:09,260 --> 00:37:14,799 >> REMEMBER WE TALKED ABOUT CARBON DIOXIDE AS AN INDICATOR FOR VENTILATION? WELL, I CAN SEE IN THIS BUILDING 311 00:37:14,865 --> 00:37:20,571 ALL OF THESE ARE UNDER 800 PARTS PER MILLION. >> SO THAT'S GOOD? >> THAT'S GREAT. 312 00:37:20,638 --> 00:37:25,309 AND REALLY IMPORTANT: IF A LOT OF PEOPLE WENT INTO A SPACE, THE CO2 LEVEL WOULD RISE, THIS SYSTEM WOULD RECOGNIZE IT. 313 00:37:25,376 --> 00:37:31,649 THE DAMPERS WOULD OPEN UP AND BRING IN A LOT MORE OUTDOOR AIR. >> KATIE HUGHES, AMAZON'S DIRECTOR OF HEALTH AND SAFETY, 314 00:37:31,716 --> 00:37:38,990 POINTED TO THE WAVES OF WILDFIRE SMOKE THAT HAVE SWEPT DOWN FROM CANADA AS THE ULTIMATE TEST OF THE INDOOR AIR QUALITY SYSTEM. 315 00:37:39,056 --> 00:37:45,763 >> NOT TOO LONG AGO, WASHINGTON AND VIRGINIA WERE SORT OF SMOTHERED BY THIS SMOKE COMING DOWN FROM CANADA. 316 00:37:45,830 --> 00:37:54,205 WHAT HAPPENED IN THIS BUILDING? >> YOU WOULD EXPECT THE AIR QUALITY WITHIN THE FACILITY TO NOT BE GREAT. 317 00:37:54,271 --> 00:37:59,944 OUR BUILDINGS WERE PERFORMING VERY WELL. >> HUGHES SAYS AMAZON HAS BEEN UPDATING MANY OF ITS HVAC 318 00:38:00,011 --> 00:38:06,283 SYSTEMS, INCLUDING IN ITS WAREHOUSES. A RECENT SURVEY OF FACILITY MANAGERS IN THE U.S. AND CANADA 319 00:38:06,350 --> 00:38:12,089 FOUND THAT SINCE MARCH 2020, ROUGHLY TWO-THIRDS OF RESPONDENTS HAVE UPGRADED THEIR MERV FILTERS AND INCREASED THEIR 320 00:38:12,156 --> 00:38:18,863 AIR EXCHANGE RATES. IN NEW YORK CITY, JP MORGAN CHASE SAYS ITS NEW HEADQUARTERS WILL HAVE STATE-OF-THE-ART AIR 321 00:38:18,929 --> 00:38:26,737 QUALITY CONTROLS. AND THIS NEW SKY SCRAPER CALLED 1 VANDERBILT ALREADY RUNS A MODERN HVAC SYSTEM. 322 00:38:26,804 --> 00:38:33,577 >> COVID SHIFTED EVERYBODY'S MINDSET IN TERMS OF AIR QUALITY IN TERMS OF COMMUNICABLE OR INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 323 00:38:33,644 --> 00:38:42,453 >> ARE YOU FINDING THAT AMAZON IS MAKING A BUSINESS DECISION PARTIALLY BY SAYING, "LOOK, IT'S OKAY FOR YOU TO COME BACK TO 324 00:38:42,520 --> 00:38:49,827 WORK, BECAUSE WE'RE TELLING YOU THAT THE AIR INSIDE THIS BUILDING IS SAFE"? >> I THINK IT'S ONE OF MANY 325 00:38:49,894 --> 00:38:56,667 REASONS WHY WE EXPECT OR WOULD LIKE PEOPLE BACK IN THE OFFICE. THAT IS A GOOD THING TO HAVE, IT'S PROBABLY ONE OF MANY 326 00:38:56,734 --> 00:39:03,941 THINGS. >> A WELL-OPERATING HVAC SYSTEM IS NOT ONLY GOOD FOR THE HEALTH OF EMPLOYEES, IT CAN BE GOOD FOR 327 00:39:04,008 --> 00:39:09,313 THE HEALTH OF COMPANIES, TOO, ESPECIALLY WITH PEOPLE WORKING REMOTELY, LEAVING MANY COMMERCIAL BUILDING OWNERS 328 00:39:09,380 --> 00:39:17,188 LOOKING FOR TENANTS. >> THERE'S EMPTY OFFICE SPACE, IN NEW YORK CITY AND ELSEWHERE. HOW DO YOU THINK THIS NEW 329 00:39:17,254 --> 00:39:22,460 THINKING MIGHT AFFECT THAT IN TERMS OF PEOPLE EVEN WANTING TO COME TO WORK? >> THE DYNAMIC HAS CHANGED. 330 00:39:22,526 --> 00:39:28,766 IT'S A TOTAL BUYERS' OR TENANTS' MARKET. ALL ELSE EQUAL, WHICH BUILDING ARE YOU GOING TO GO TO? 331 00:39:28,833 --> 00:39:36,640 YOU HAVE YOUR CHOICE RIGHT NOW. THIS BUILDING THAT PUT IN HEALTHY BUILDING CONTROLS, OR THIS BUILDING THAT'S DESIGNED 332 00:39:36,707 --> 00:39:41,912 THE WAY WE'VE ALWAYS DESIGNED BUILDINGS, AND IS PRONE TO BEING A SICK BUILDING? >> SO IT ACTUALLY CAN HELP THE 333 00:39:41,979 --> 00:39:47,184 BOTTOM LINE IN ADDITION TO, OF COURSE, IMPROVING HEALTH? >> YEAH. >> WHAT ABOUT RETROFITTING A 334 00:39:47,251 --> 00:39:51,856 BUILDING THAT'S OLD? >> I THINK IT'S A MISCONCEPTION THAT OLD BUILDINGS CAN'T BE HEALTHY BUILDINGS. 335 00:39:51,922 --> 00:39:56,594 SOME OF THESE FIXES DON'T TAKE MUCH. IMPROVING THE LEVEL OF FILTRATION? 336 00:39:56,660 --> 00:40:03,934 THAT'S EASY, IT'S CHEAP, PROTECTS AGAINST COVID-19, INFLUENZA, ALSO PROTECTS AGAINST WILDFIRE SMOKE AND OUTDOOR AIR 337 00:40:04,001 --> 00:40:12,309 POLLUTION, PROTECTS AGAINST ALLERGENS. SIMPLE, ABSOLUTE BASIC THINGS THAT CAN BE DONE. 338 00:40:12,376 --> 00:40:17,982 ♪ >> THE SKAGIT VALLEY CHORALE REHEARSALS ARE NOW IN A DIFFERENT CHURCH WITH A NEW HVAC 339 00:40:18,048 --> 00:40:24,789 SYSTEM. DOORS STAY OPEN TO BRING IN FRESH AIR, REGARDLESS OF THE SEASON, AND THERE ARE EVEN 340 00:40:24,855 --> 00:40:34,765 PORTABLE CARBON DIOXIDE MONITORS TO TRACK VENTILATION. >> WE'VE BEEN THROUGH A TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE. 341 00:40:34,832 --> 00:40:44,208 AND WE'VE TRIED TO LEARN FROM THAT, AND DID HELP THE SCIENCE WITH THE AEROSOL STUDY. AND NOW, WE'RE MOVING ON IN A 342 00:40:44,275 --> 00:40:52,116 WAY THAT WE CAN STILL SING, BUT IN A MORE SAFE MANNER. >> DO YOU WORRY THAT WHEN THE SPOTLIGHT OF THE PANDEMIC STARTS 343 00:40:52,183 --> 00:40:56,320 TO FADE, THAT PEOPLE WILL FORGET AND THAT THEY WON'T ACT THE WAY THEY SHOULD, IN TERMS OF BUILDINGS? 344 00:40:56,387 --> 00:41:00,524 >> I'M A BIT MORE OPTIMISTIC THAN THAT. I THINK THERE ARE FUNDAMENTAL SHIFTS THAT HAVE HAPPENED. 345 00:41:00,591 --> 00:41:08,399 THE SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL LITERATURE'S BEING REWRITTEN. THE GOVERNMENT AND STANDARD SETTING BODIES ARE SETTING NEW 346 00:41:08,465 --> 00:41:12,102 HEALTH-BASED STANDARDS. BSINESSES ARE RESPONDING AND WON'T FORGET WHAT THIS MEANT TO THEIR EMPLOYEES' HEALTH, AND 347 00:41:12,169 --> 00:41:18,108 THEIR BUSINESS. SO, I DON'T THINK WE'RE GOING TO FORGET THESE LESSONS. WE BETTER NOT. 348 00:41:22,613 --> 00:41:39,763 >>> WHAT WE KNOW NOW ABOUT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MASKING. >> MASKS, EVEN CLOTH MASKS, DO >>> THE LAST MINUTE OF "60 349 00:41:39,830 --> 00:41:48,339 MINUTES" IS SPONSORED BY UNITED HEALTH CARE. THERE FOR WHAT MATTERS. >>> THIS WEEK, ONCE AGAIN, "60 350 00:41:48,405 --> 00:41:56,747 MINUTES" MORFS TO 90 MINUTES. AND OUR JON WERTHEIM CELEBRATES "THE BLUES," AS HE TRAVELS TO THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA, WHERE 351 00:41:56,814 --> 00:42:05,723 MUSICIANS LIKE SUPER CHIKAN KEEP A MUSICAL TRADITION ALIVE. ♪ TURN MY BLUES AWAY ♪ >> EVEN HIS FANS DON'T FULLY 352 00:42:05,789 --> 00:42:12,029 GRASP THAT HE'S STILL LIVING THE LIFE HE'S SINGING ABOUT. >> WE GOT A LOT OF BLUES SEEKERS THAT'S COMING HERE, TOURISTS 353 00:42:12,096 --> 00:42:17,234 COMING HERE. THEY WANT THE BLUES, YOU DON'T WANT THE BLUES, YOU WANT THE BLUES MUSIC. 354 00:42:17,301 --> 00:42:21,438 >> THEY WANT THE SOUND, THEY DON'T WANT THE UNDERLYING EXPERIENCE. >> THAT'S RIGHT, THAT'S RIGHT. 355 00:42:21,505 --> 00:42:31,882 >> I'M SHARYN ALFONSI. WE'LL BE RIGHT BACK WITH THAT -- AND A YOUNG MAN WHO MAY BE THE DELTA'S NEXT "GREAT GUITARIST." 356 00:42:31,949 --> 00:42:38,122 >>> MUDDY WATERS ONCE SANG: "THE BLUES HAD A BABY AND THEY NAMED IT ROCK AND ROLL." BUT IT'S MORE THAN ROCK. 357 00:42:38,188 --> 00:42:44,962 THE BLUES MAKES A STRONG CASE FOR ITSELF AS THE MOST INFLUENTIAL SOUND IN AMERICAN MUSIC HISTORY -- FOUNDATIONAL TO 358 00:42:45,029 --> 00:42:51,802 SOUL AND FUNK, COUNTRY, JAZZ AND HIP-HOP. WE WANTED TO CHECK IN ON THE STATE OF THE BLUES, SO WE HEADED 359 00:42:51,869 --> 00:42:57,074 TO, WELL, THE STATE OF THE BLUES -- MISSISSIPPI AND, SPECIFICALLY, TO THE TOWN OF CLARKSDALE, IN THE BELLY OF THE 360 00:42:57,141 --> 00:43:05,015 DELTA WHERE THE BLUES FIRST FLOURISHED AND WHERE IN RECENT YEARS, THERE'S BEEN SOMETHING OF A RENAISSANCE...SHOWING THE 361 00:43:05,082 --> 00:43:14,458 WORLD THAT THE GRANDDADDY OF AMERICAN MUSIC STILL HAS CHORDS LEFT TO PLAY. HEAD UP HIGHWAY 49...AND THE 362 00:43:14,525 --> 00:43:23,801 MISSISSIPPI DELTA THRUMS WITH THE SOUND OF THE BLUES EVEN BEFORE THE MUSIC HITS YOUR EARS. ♪ 363 00:43:23,867 --> 00:43:31,675 AT THE ANNUAL JUKE JOINT FESTIVAL IN CLARKSDALE, THOUSANDS FLOOD THIS TOWN TO EXPERIENCE THE DELTA BLUES -- IN 364 00:43:31,742 --> 00:43:42,186 PERHAPS THE LAST PLACE IT'S STILL THRIVING. THEY COME FOR THOSE FAMILIAR LICKS AND WAILS... 365 00:43:42,252 --> 00:43:48,492 ♪ WELL SMOKESTACK LIGHTNIN' ♪ >> SONGS OF PAIN...AND PRIDE. ♪ TAKE MY BLUES FOR A DOGGONE JOKE ♪ 366 00:43:48,559 --> 00:43:55,866 >> JAMES JOHNSON GOES BY THE NAME SUPER CHIKAN, AND IF YOU'RE OUT TO FIND THE BEATING HEART OF THE BLUES, HE'S A GOOD PERSON TO 367 00:43:55,933 --> 00:44:04,341 GET TO KNOW. ♪ WHO DO THE BLUES LIKE THAT? ♪ >> I NEVER STUDIED MUSIC OR HAD ANY MUSIC CLASSES. 368 00:44:04,408 --> 00:44:08,545 I HEAR IT AND IT SOUND GOOD TO ME. AND THEN I PLAY BECAUSE OF THE LOVE OF IT. 369 00:44:08,612 --> 00:44:13,784 ♪ I SAID SHAKE IT SUGAR MAMA, SHAKE IT ♪ >> I MAKE UP MY OWN SOUND, MY OWN STYLE. 370 00:44:13,851 --> 00:44:22,693 ♪ SHAKE IT 'TIL THE COWS COME HOME ♪ ♪ WELL, WHEN THE SUN ROSE THIS MORNIN' ♪ 371 00:44:22,760 --> 00:44:33,737 >> THIS IS HOW THE BLUES STILL LIVES IN CLARKSDALE... ...A CULTURAL INHERITANCE PASSED DOWN THROUGH THE GENERATIONS. 372 00:44:33,804 --> 00:44:41,578 WHICH IS WHY THIS TOWN OF AROUND 14,000 HAS SURELY PRODUCED MORE FAMOUS BLUES STARS PER CAPITA THAN ANYWHERE ELSE ON THE 373 00:44:41,645 --> 00:44:50,554 PLANET. ♪ NOW WHEN I WAS A YOUNG BOY ♪ >> MANY OF THEM, LIKE MUDDY WATERS AND JOHN LEE HOOKER, 374 00:44:50,621 --> 00:44:57,327 WORKED THE SURROUNDING PLANTATIONS. SUPER CHIKAN, TOO...HE BRINGS HIS OWN KIND OF LEVITY TO THOSE 375 00:44:57,394 --> 00:45:03,700 DIFFICULT MEMORIES. >> BEING A SHARECROPPER, YOU HAVE TO HAVE A RHYTHM TO WORK TO. 376 00:45:03,767 --> 00:45:11,008 AND OUR FAVORITE RHYTHM WAS THE OLD CHOO-CHOO TRAIN. ♪ I TELL THE FOLKS I GREW UP IN A 377 00:45:11,075 --> 00:45:21,518 CRACK HOUSE. OUR HOUSE HAD SO MANY CRACKS IN THE WALL, WE HAD TO STUFF COTTON IN THE CRACKS TO KEEP SNOW OUT. 378 00:45:21,585 --> 00:45:27,758 SHOOT THAT THANG. ♪ >> YOU REALLY LIVED THAT SONG? >> OH YEAH. 379 00:45:27,825 --> 00:45:33,497 I MEAN, I SING ABOUT THE LIFE I LIVE. >> WHEN DID YOU START WORKING IN THE FIELDS? 380 00:45:33,564 --> 00:45:39,436 >> UNTIL I WAS BIG ENOUGH TO GO TO THE FIELD, LIKE THREE AND FOUR, I TOOK CARE OF THE CHICKENS. 381 00:45:39,503 --> 00:45:46,610 FIVE AND SIX, I WAS IN THE COTTON FIELD, PICKING COTTON, CHOPPING COTTON, WHAT HAVE YOU. >> EXPERIENCES LIKE THESE HELPED 382 00:45:46,677 --> 00:45:52,416 FORGE THE BLUES IN THE DELTA...WHERE PLACES LIKE CLARKSDALE WERE BUILT INTO BOOMTOWNS ON THE BACKS OF SLAVES 383 00:45:52,483 --> 00:46:01,291 AND LATER SHARECROPPERS... ♪ >> THE MUSIC WAS A VESSEL FOR THE BLACK EXPERIENCE WHAT 384 00:46:01,358 --> 00:46:09,233 STARTED AS FIELD SONGS AND SPIRITUALS EVOLVED INTO A NEW SOUND...MIXING SLIDE GUITAR WITH A HOWL TO THE HUMAN CONDITION. 385 00:46:09,299 --> 00:46:16,039 ♪ I SAID I TOOK OFF DOWN THE ROAD ♪ >> BLUES HOUSES -- JUKE JOINTS -- OPENED UP. 386 00:46:16,106 --> 00:46:27,618 AND BY THE '20s AND '30s, STARS EMERGED...LIKE ROBERT JOHNSON. ♪ I WENT TO THE CROSSROADS ♪ >> WHO, PER LEGEND, WENT DOWN TO 387 00:46:27,684 --> 00:46:34,958 THE CROSSROADS OUTSIDE OF CLARKSDALE...AND SOLD HIS SOUL TO THE DEVIL IN EXCHANGE FOR HIS GUITAR CHOPS. 388 00:46:35,025 --> 00:46:42,799 A MONUMENT MARKS THE SPOT WHERE IT HAPPENED...OR NOT. >> AAAHHH, I HEARD A DIFFERENT STORY. 389 00:46:42,866 --> 00:46:51,241 A GUY NAMED IKE ZIMMERMAN TAUGHT ROBERT JOHNSON HOW TO PLAY. GAVE HIM A FEW LICKS TO GO ON, SOMETHING TO START WITH. 390 00:46:51,308 --> 00:46:59,082 GAVE HIM A PATTERN TO GO ON. >> SUPER CHIKAN JOHNSON MIGHT HAVE INSIDE INFORMATION...ROBERT JOHNSON, HE TOLD US, WAS FAMILY. 391 00:46:59,149 --> 00:47:04,955 >> YOU REALIZE ROBERT JOHNSON WENT TO THE CROSSROADS, TOOK GUITAR LESSONS FROM ZIMMERMAN -- >> IKE ZIMMERMAN, YEAH. 392 00:47:05,022 --> 00:47:11,228 >> LITTLE BIT LESS MYSTICAL THAN HE SOLD HIS SOUL TO THE DEVIL IN EXCHANGE FOR LEARNING TO PLAY GUITAR. 393 00:47:11,295 --> 00:47:18,902 >> YEAH. ♪ >> FLAVORFUL LORE LIKE THIS IS WHAT BECKONED SEAN "BAD" APPLE, 394 00:47:18,969 --> 00:47:25,709 WHEN HE CAME TO CLARKSDALE FROM SCRANTON, PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE EARLY '90s, AND NEVER LEFT. ♪ 395 00:47:25,776 --> 00:47:30,447 >> HE OPENED HIS OWN BLUES CLUB HERE. ♪ TWO BUD LIGHTS, TWO YINGLINGS, TWO BUD LIGHTS?" 396 00:47:30,514 --> 00:47:45,696 >> WHERE HE SERVES AS BARTENDER, DOORMAN, HEADLINER AND HE LIVES BACKSTAGE. CLAD ON HIS...ORNATE STAGE 397 00:47:45,762 --> 00:47:50,434 CLOTHES...HE WAXED NOSTALGIC ABOUT THE OLD BLUES SCENE. >> WHEN YOU'RE IN A JUKE JOINT, IT'S LIKE, THERE'S GAMBLING IN 398 00:47:50,500 --> 00:47:56,206 THIS CORNER, SOMEONE'S MAKING A BABY IN THIS CORNER, THERE'S A CHICKEN FIGHT RIGHT OVER HERE. >> HE SAYS HE'S SHARPLY AWARE 399 00:47:56,273 --> 00:48:01,445 THAT HE WASN'T BORN INTO THIS TRADITION, BUT TRIES TO HONOR IT AS BEST HE CAN, GIVING DEMONSTRATIONS ON THE BLUES' 400 00:48:01,511 --> 00:48:07,951 EVOLUTION. ♪ HE SHOWED US HOW THE BLUES GOT REPACKAGED FOR WIDER -- AND, 401 00:48:08,018 --> 00:48:16,326 FRANKLY, WHITER -- AUDIENCES. >> AND THEN THESE YOUNG KIDS GROWING UP LIKE MICK JAGGER AND PAUL McCARTNEY, ROBERT PLANT 402 00:48:16,393 --> 00:48:21,098 FROM LED ZEPPELIN ALL THESE BANDS WERE LISTENING TO HIS BLUES MUSIC. CLAPTON'S "I WENT TO THE 403 00:48:21,164 --> 00:48:32,676 CROSSROAD." ♪ I WENT DOWN TO THE CROSSROADS, TRIED TO FLAG A RIDE ♪ >> THAT'S THE CREAM... 404 00:48:32,743 --> 00:48:41,585 >> YEAH, THAT'S CREAM'S VERSION. BUT ROBERT JOHNSON, THE BLUES MAN, THAT'S HIS SONG, I WENT TO THE CROSSROADS. 405 00:48:41,652 --> 00:48:48,058 ♪ >> OVER THE YEARS, MUSICAL TASTES CHANGED. THE LOCAL BLUES HOUSES CLOSED 406 00:48:48,125 --> 00:48:55,899 DOWN, AND FARM WORK DRIED UP. TODAY, CLARKSDALE SITS IN ONE OF THE POOREST COUNTIES, IN THE POOREST REGION OF A STUBBORNLY 407 00:48:55,966 --> 00:49:02,806 POOR STATE. ONCE VIBRANT, THE DOWNTOWN IS CRUMBLING. >> YOU'VE PLAYED ALL OVER THE 408 00:49:02,873 --> 00:49:08,612 WORLD. >> YEAH. >> AND A SEASONED MUSICIAN LIKE SUPER CHIKAN, WHO'S WON AWARDS, 409 00:49:08,679 --> 00:49:15,385 TOURED INTERNATIONALLY AND HAD A LONG RECORDING CAREER...HAS TO SUPPLEMENT HIS INCOME BY BUILDING GUITARS...AND DRIVING A 410 00:49:15,452 --> 00:49:21,158 TRUCK. >> I HEARD OF A GUY, THOUGH, WHO TRAVELS THE WORLD AND HE'S GOT TEN ALBUMS. 411 00:49:21,224 --> 00:49:27,464 AND HE STILL DRIVES A TRUCK. >> I KNOW A FELLA LIKE THAT. >> WHO'S THAT? >> HIS NAME CHIKAN. 412 00:49:27,531 --> 00:49:32,169 AND I'VE BEEN ASKED, "WHEN YOU GOING TO RECORD A NEW ALBUM?" I SAID, "FOR WHAT? I GOT TEN OF THEM OUT AND THEY 413 00:49:32,235 --> 00:49:41,078 AIN'T NOT ONE OF THEM DONE ME NOTHING YET." ♪ TURN MY BLUES AWAY ♪ >> EVEN HIS FANS DON'T FULLY 414 00:49:41,144 --> 00:49:48,452 GRASP THAT HE'S STILL LIVING THE LIFE HE'S SINGING ABOUT. >> WE GOT A LOT OF BLUES SEEKERS THAT'S COMING HERE, TOURISTS 415 00:49:48,518 --> 00:49:52,622 COMING HERE. THEY WANT THE BLUES, YOU DON'T WANT THE BLUES, YOU WANT THE BLUES MUSIC. 416 00:49:52,689 --> 00:49:56,827 >> THEY WANT THE SOUND, THEY DON'T WANT THE UNDERLYING EXPERIENCE. >> THAT'S RIGHT, THAT'S RIGHT. 417 00:49:56,893 --> 00:50:01,031 >> IF SOMEONE SAYS, "LISTEN, I LIKE THE WAY YOU SOUND, I DON'T NEED TO HEAR ABOUT THE EXPERIENCE UNDERNEATH IT ALL," 418 00:50:01,098 --> 00:50:05,769 IS THAT COOL WITH YOU? >> YEAH. BUT IT'S GOING TO COME OUT IN THE SONG. 419 00:50:05,836 --> 00:50:13,076 ♪ NOBODY SEEMS TO CARE ♪ >> BUT RECENTLY, CLARKSDALE HAS BEEN EXPERIENCING SOMETHING OF A RESURGENCE. 420 00:50:13,143 --> 00:50:21,518 IT'S NO NASHVILLE, BUT NEW SHOPS AND RESTAURANTS ARE OPENING UP, AND FRESH FANS AND YOUNG MUSICIANS HAVE BEEN FLOCKING TO 421 00:50:21,585 --> 00:50:29,359 A PLACE THEY SEE AS THE GRAVITATIONAL CENTER OF BLUES TODAY. ♪ REAP WHAT YOU SOW ♪ 422 00:50:29,426 --> 00:50:34,631 >> GHALIA VOLT HAILS FROM BRUSSELS ORIGINALLY, AND SHE IS A FIXTURE OF THE MUSIC SCENE HERE. 423 00:50:34,698 --> 00:50:43,006 >> HOW DID YOU FIRST GET INTO THIS MUSIC? >> I GUESS FROM PUNK AND ROCK AND ROLL MUSIC. 424 00:50:43,073 --> 00:50:50,947 JUST DIGGING. DIGGING AND DIGGING, TRYING TO FIND WHAT'S THE REAL ROOTS OF THE MUSIC I USED TO LISTEN TO 425 00:50:51,014 --> 00:50:56,686 UNTIL I GOT CAUGHT. ♪ FIRE WITH NO EMBERS...CHURCH WITH NO...♪ >> WHEN SHE FIRST CAME HERE IN 426 00:50:56,753 --> 00:51:04,094 2014, SHE TRAVELED THE DELTA, ABSORBING BLUES TRUTHS FROM LOCAL MASTERS, PERHAPS THE CLOSEST THIS MUSIC GETS TO 427 00:51:04,161 --> 00:51:11,468 JUILLIARD. >> I WAS JUST WATCHING THE GUYS PLAY AND LEARNING FROM THAT. AND TRYING, YOU KNOW, IN MY 428 00:51:11,535 --> 00:51:16,173 ROOM, SO, "OKAY, HOW DOES THAT SOUND." YOU KNOW, AND, OKAY. AND MAYBE I TRY TO REPRODUCE 429 00:51:16,239 --> 00:51:20,911 WHAT THEY TEACH ME. AND THEY'RE LIKE, "OH, BUT THIS SOUND, THIS ACTUALLY SOUNDS REALLY GOOD." 430 00:51:20,977 --> 00:51:26,683 >> THE SOUND SHE'S TALKING ABOUT? IT CUTS THROUGH THE AIR AT PLACES LIKE RED'S, A RELIC FROM 431 00:51:26,750 --> 00:51:33,457 THE OLD JUKE JOINT DAYS. HERE, MODERNITY KEEPS ITS DISTANCE. >> IF YOU'RE LOOKING FOR A 432 00:51:33,523 --> 00:51:43,467 HAND-CRAFTED COCKTAIL, THIS AIN'T THE PLACE. BUT THE BEER AND THE MUSIC FLOW IN EQUAL VOLUME, LATE INTO THE 433 00:51:43,533 --> 00:51:54,010 NIGHT UNDER THE WATCHFUL GAZE OF RED, ONE OF THE LAST BLACK BLUES CLUB OWNERS IN CLARKSDALE. >> JUST A FEW BLOCKS AWAY, 434 00:51:54,077 --> 00:51:59,783 LITERALLY, ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE TRACKS... >> THERE YOU ARE. >> SATURDAY NIGHT, GROUND ZERO. 435 00:51:59,850 --> 00:52:05,589 >> ANOTHER VENUE...SLIGHTLY MORE POLISHED. WE MET THE PROPRIETOR HERE, TOO. >> WHAT'S UP MY BROTHER FROM 436 00:52:05,655 --> 00:52:12,963 ANOTHER MOTHER. >> YOU KNOW WHO, YOU KNOW WHAT, YOU KNOW WHY. >> YES, THAT'S MORGAN FREEMAN... 437 00:52:13,029 --> 00:52:17,667 ♪ HEY BROTHER, HOW ARE YOU? HEY DARLING ♪ ♪ HEY, WELCOME BACK, GLAD YOU'RE HERE ♪ 438 00:52:17,734 --> 00:52:23,974 >> HE SPENT HIS CHILDHOOD IN THE DELTA, KEEPS A HOME NEAR CLARKSDALE AND, 22 YEARS AGO, OPENED GROUND ZERO BLUES CLUB AS 439 00:52:24,040 --> 00:52:31,581 A PLACE TO SHOWCASE THE VAST LOCAL TALENT. THAT'S ANTHONY "BIG A" SHERROD ON GUITAR. 440 00:52:31,648 --> 00:52:40,123 ♪ >> CAN BLUES REVIVE THIS TOWN? >> IT HAS. >> WE MET FREEMAN FOR A DRINK, 441 00:52:40,190 --> 00:52:46,963 ALONG WITH GROUND ZERO CO-FOUNDER, HOWARD STOVALL, WHOSE FAMILY STILL OWNS THE LAND MUDDY WATERS ONCE WORKED AS A 442 00:52:47,030 --> 00:52:58,975 LABORER. >> WHEN I WAS A LITTLE BOY, 4, 5, THESE GUYS WOULD COME BY, SIT ON MY GRANDMOTHER'S PORCH ON A 443 00:52:59,042 --> 00:53:13,189 SATURDAY, DRINK GIN, OR HOOCH, OR MOONSHINE. >> MOONSHINE. >> AND PLAY THE BLUES. 444 00:53:13,256 --> 00:53:24,301 ♪ >> WHAT IS IT ABOUT THIS MUSIC THAT HAS MADE IT SO DURABLE, SUCH A BUILDING BLOCK? 445 00:53:24,367 --> 00:53:30,774 WHAT IS IT ABOUT THE SOUND? >> CAN WE USE THE TERM "SOUL" HERE? BECAUSE I THINK THIS IS THE 446 00:53:30,840 --> 00:53:45,455 MUSIC THAT COMES DIRECTLY FROM THE SOUL. IT'S JUST WRENCHED OUT OF YOU. IT'S PALPABLE THAT THEY'RE 447 00:53:45,522 --> 00:53:55,999 SINGING FROM DEEP. ♪ YOU SAY YOU LOVE ME BABY ♪ >> BUT THE BLUES IS THE BLUES. THERE ARE CHORDS AND LICKS THAT 448 00:53:56,066 --> 00:54:04,975 YOU GOT TO DO IF YOU'RE GOING TO PLAY THE BLUES. ♪ DOW DOW, DOW, DING DING DING ♪ ♪ DANG DANG DANG DANG ♪ 449 00:54:05,041 --> 00:54:10,246 ♪ DOW, DONG DONG, DONG DONG, DING DING ♪ ♪ DONG DONG DONG, DONG DONG DONG ♪ 450 00:54:10,313 --> 00:54:18,088 ♪ HARD ROCKS IS MY PILLOW ♪ ♪ THE HIGHWAY IS MY HOME, SO I MIGHT AS WELL BE DEAD ♪ ♪ I'M JUST WALKING AND WALKING 451 00:54:18,154 --> 00:54:30,133 SEEMS I HAVE NO PLACE TO GO THE BLUES ♪ >> THE HIGHEST EXPRESSION OF CLARKSDALE'S BLUES RESURGENCE? 452 00:54:30,200 --> 00:54:36,439 A GUITAR PRODIGY, LIKENED TO JIMI HENDRIX AND B.B. KING. YOU'LL MEET KINGFISH, WHEN WE COME BACK. 453 00:54:50,587 --> 00:54:58,962 >>> AS THE DELTA TOWN OF CLARKSDALE, MISSISSIPPI, LEANS INTO ITS BLUES PAST, ITS BIRTH HAS GIVEN RISE TO A NEW BLUES 454 00:54:59,029 --> 00:55:26,356 SUPERSTAR. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, KINGFISH. ♪ >> HIS REAL NAME IS CHRISTONE 455 00:55:26,423 --> 00:55:31,628 INGRAM. AND HE IS THE BRIGHTEST BLUES STAR TO COME OUT OF THE DELTA IN DECADES... 456 00:55:31,695 --> 00:55:39,502 HE'S OPENED FOR THE ROLLING STONES AND TOURS THE WORLD AS A HEADLINER... AND IT'S NOT JUST BLUES 457 00:55:39,569 --> 00:55:49,479 DIE-HARDS WHO COME OUT TO SEE HIM. HIS UNCANNY GUITAR CHOPS DRAW PACKED CROWDS. 458 00:55:49,546 --> 00:55:57,387 AND HE DRAWS FREQUENT COMPARISONS TO HENDRIX, CLAPTON, AND, INEVITABLY, ANOTHER MISSISSIPPI NATIVE... 459 00:55:57,454 --> 00:56:04,728 ♪ THRILL IS GONE ♪ >> SO, IF I SAID I READ YOU WERE THE NEXT B.B. KING, I SHOULD PROBABLY KEEP THAT TO MYSELF? 460 00:56:04,794 --> 00:56:10,533 NOT LET YOU GET THAT GOING TO YOUR HEAD? >> HEY, NO, NOT AT ALL. PLUS, YOU KNOW, I KIND OF THINK 461 00:56:10,600 --> 00:56:16,806 I, YOU KNOW, I LOVE MR. KING'S MUSIC, THAT'S ONE OF MY FAVORITE. BUT I KIND OF THINK I HAVE MY 462 00:56:16,873 --> 00:56:26,082 OWN THING GOING ON AS WELL. ♪ I'M MORE ROUGH AROUND THE EDGES, I LIKE TO SAY I FEEL LIKE I'M 463 00:56:26,149 --> 00:56:32,355 B.B. IF HE -- >> IF B.B. TOOK OFF THAT SUIT? >> YEAH, AND PUT HIM IN SOME JORDANS AND, YOU KNOW, PUT HIS 464 00:56:32,422 --> 00:56:42,866 HAT BACKWARDS, YOU KNOW? ♪ YOU KNOW I LOVE YOU...YOU KNOW I WANT YOU ♪ >> KINGFISH WAS FRESH OFF A 465 00:56:42,932 --> 00:56:50,707 GRAMMY WIN LAST YEAR FOR BEST CONTEMPORARY BLUES ALBUM WHEN WE SAW HIM PERFORM BEFORE A SPIRITED CROWD IN AUSTIN. 466 00:56:50,774 --> 00:57:00,850 ♪ IT WAS 600 MILES AND A WORLD AWAY FROM WHERE HE STARTED OUT... 467 00:57:00,917 --> 00:57:09,259 IN HIS HOMETOWN OF CLARKSDALE... PICKING UP GIGS AT THE LOCAL BLUES CLUBS AFTER SCHOOL, STARTING AT AGE 11. 468 00:57:09,325 --> 00:57:14,531 >> I THINK MOST PEOPLE, YOU THINK OF BLUES, AND IT'S SORT OF AN OLDER, MAYBE A WEATHERED GUY WHO'S HAD HIS SHARE OF 469 00:57:14,597 --> 00:57:19,769 STRUGGLES. WHERE YOU DO YOU GET BLUES IN YOUR MID-20s? >> I HAVEN'T WENT THROUGH NO 470 00:57:19,836 --> 00:57:27,677 DIVORCE OR ANYTHING LIKE THAT, BUT I'VE DEFINITELY HAD MY SHARE OF STRUGGLES. AND, YOU KNOW, ANYBODY HAVING 471 00:57:27,744 --> 00:57:34,484 STRUGGLES, THAT'S THE BLUES. BLUES IS LIFE. >> HE WAS INTRODUCED TO THE BLUES BY HIS PARENTS AND FELL IN 472 00:57:34,551 --> 00:57:40,757 LOVE WITH THE SOUND. KINGFISH TOLD US HIS MUSICAL TASTES, HIS GENEROUS TALENT, AS WELL AS HIS GENEROUS PHYSIQUE, 473 00:57:40,824 --> 00:57:50,700 SET HIM APART IN SCHOOL. HE FOUND COMFORT IN PRACTICE...OBSESSIVE PRACTICE...AS WE WITNESSED 474 00:57:50,767 --> 00:58:01,211 BACKSTAGE...HE WORKS TO MASTER THE OLD STANDARDS AND ALSO WRITES HIS OWN MUSIC. WELL AWARE THAT HE IS HEIR TO A 475 00:58:01,277 --> 00:58:10,687 LONG LINE OF BLUES GREATS FROM THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA... ♪ I WAS BORN DOWN IN CLARKSDALE ♪ 476 00:58:10,753 --> 00:58:16,993 >> A RICH HISTORY HE WEAVES INTO HIS SONGS. ♪ WELL, THERE'S MAGIC IN THE MUSIC, MUST BE SOMETHING IN THE 477 00:58:17,060 --> 00:58:24,901 DIRT ♪ >> WHAT IS IT ABOUT THIS REGION THAT PRODUCES SO MANY TALENTED MUSICIANS? 478 00:58:24,968 --> 00:58:31,140 HOW DO YOU EXPLAIN THAT? >> AS I HAVE A SONG, THERE'S JUST SOMETHING IN THE DIRT, MAN. IT'S JUST SOMETHING ABOUT, YOU 479 00:58:31,207 --> 00:58:36,946 KNOW, HOW WE HAD, YOU KNOW, YOU KNOW, OLD BLUES GUYS, AND ANCESTORS WHO WAS DOWN HERE THAT, YOU KNOW, WE GOT ALL THAT 480 00:58:37,013 --> 00:58:42,385 FROM, YOU KNOW? IT CAME FROM THEM. >> SPEND TIME IN THE DELTA AND IT'S EASY TO SEE WHY THE PLACE 481 00:58:42,452 --> 00:58:48,524 ENCHANTS SO MANY. BUT THE HARDSHIPS JUMP OUT AT YOU. 42% OF CLARKSDALE'S RESIDENTS 482 00:58:48,591 --> 00:58:57,467 LIVE BELOW THE POVERTY LINE. THIS WAS ONCE A SEAT OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, AND THE LEGACY OF JIM CROW LINGERS HERE. 483 00:58:57,533 --> 00:59:03,339 THAT'S THE CLARKSDALE KINGFISH KNOWS WELL. >> THIS IS THE OLD NEIGHBORHOOD. >> YEAH, MAN, THIS IS OAKHURST. 484 00:59:03,406 --> 00:59:09,612 I GREW UP HERE. >> WHEN KINGFISH WAS GROWING UP, HIS GIGS BROUGHT IN MUCH-NEEDED MONEY. 485 00:59:09,679 --> 00:59:14,651 HE AND HIS MOTHER WERE HOMELESS FOR A TIME. >> THIS IS WHERE ALL THE MOMENTS HAPPENED. 486 00:59:14,717 --> 00:59:19,589 ME PICKING UP A GUITAR, YOU KNOW. AS YOU CAN SEE, WE STILL HAVE SOME HOUSES THAT ARE, YOU KNOW, 487 00:59:19,656 --> 00:59:24,827 POVERTY STRICKEN. YOU KNOW, SOME PARTS OF THE CITY, YOU KNOW, THEY DON'T PUT MONEY INTO OR WHATEVER. 488 00:59:24,894 --> 00:59:28,998 SO. >> STILL SOME STRUGGLE IN THE DELTA. >> YEAH. 489 00:59:29,065 --> 00:59:33,937 >> YOU DON'T HIDE THAT IN YOUR MUSIC. >> NO, NOT AT ALL. >> WHY IS THAT IMPORTANT TO YOU? 490 00:59:34,003 --> 00:59:37,507 >> BECAUSE FOR ONE THAT'S ALSO HOME. YOU KNOW, THAT'S HOME, AND I HAVE TO WRITE ABOUT HOME. 491 00:59:37,573 --> 00:59:47,417 AND THAT'S WHAT WE HAVE TO TALK ABOUT TODAY. WE CAN'T TALK ABOUT, YOU KNOW, "HOOCHIE KOOCHIE MAN" FOREVER. 492 00:59:47,483 --> 00:59:57,427 >> KINGFISH MAY BE SINGING ABOUT THE REALITIES OF BLACK LIFE IN CLARKSDALE, BUT HE SAYS THAT THESE TRUTHS DON'T ALWAYS 493 00:59:57,493 --> 01:00:02,098 CONNECT WITH THE BLACK COMMUNITY...DIFFICULT FOR HIM TO MISS WHEN HE LOOKS OUT INTO THE CROWD AT MANY OF HIS 494 01:00:02,165 --> 01:00:07,403 PERFORMANCES. >> I COME ACROSS A LOT OF, YOU KNOW, PEOPLE LIKE ME WHO SAY, "WELL, YOU KNOW, MAN WE 495 01:00:07,470 --> 01:00:11,074 SHOULDN'T LISTEN TO THAT BECAUSE THAT'S, YOU KNOW, YOU KNOW, THAT MUSIC REMINDS US OF OUR PAIN. AND, YOU KNOW, IT'S SLAVE 496 01:00:11,140 --> 01:00:15,278 MUSIC." AND I GET THAT. BUT, YOU KNOW, WE NEED TO LET IT BE KNOWN LIKE, "HEY, MAN, THIS 497 01:00:15,345 --> 01:00:23,152 IS A PART OF OUR CULTURE. THERE WOULDN'T BE NO 50 CENT, OR LIL' WAYNE IF IT WASN'T FOR SON HOUSE AND ROBERT JOHNSON, AND 498 01:00:23,219 --> 01:00:28,391 THE LIST GOES ON AND ON." >> THIS IS THE FAMILY TREE. >> YEAH, THIS IS A FAMILY TREE SO WE NEED TO EMBRACE THAT. 499 01:00:28,458 --> 01:00:34,697 >> HE GOT HIS FIRST REAL INTRODUCTION TO THAT HISTORY AT A PROGRAM RUN BY CLARKSDALE'S SMALL BLUES MUSEUM. 500 01:00:34,764 --> 01:00:48,344 WE ACCOMPANIED HIM ON A VISIT...HIS FIRST TIME BACK IN YEARS. THESE AFTER-SCHOOL BLUES CLASSES 501 01:00:48,411 --> 01:01:01,491 ARE WHERE KINGFISH FIRST LEARNED DURING A BREAK IN THE MUSIC, WE RAN INTO ONE OF THE TEACHERS. BIG A, REMEMBER HIM? 502 01:01:01,557 --> 01:01:08,398 HIS VOICE STILL HOARSE FROM HIS WEEKEND GIG PERFORMING AT MORGAN FREEMAN'S GROUND ZERO BLUES CLUB. 503 01:01:08,464 --> 01:01:13,102 ♪ I PITY THE FOOL WHO FALL IN LOVE WITH YOU ♪ >> KINGFISH WAS 6 WHEN HE FIRST MET BIG A. 504 01:01:13,169 --> 01:01:19,075 >> WHAT WAS LITTLE KINGFISH LIKE? >> HE WAS BAD. [ LAUGHTER ] 505 01:01:19,142 --> 01:01:23,780 >> HE SAID THAT. >> BUT HE KEPT AT IT. >> DID YOU SENSE THE TALENT EARLY? 506 01:01:23,846 --> 01:01:31,220 >> I KNEW HE WAS GOING TO BE SOMETHING. >> FOR THESE KIDS, THE PROGRAM IS ABOUT THE MUSIC AND THE 507 01:01:31,287 --> 01:01:38,628 HISTORY. IT'S ALSO, KINGFISH TOLD US, ABOUT EXPANDING THEIR IDEA OF OPPORTUNITY, IN A PLACE WHERE 508 01:01:38,694 --> 01:01:44,801 OPPORTUNITY IS NOT EVENLY DISTRIBUTED. >> WE'VE SEEN A LOT OF NEW DEVELOPMENT HERE IN CLARKSDALE 509 01:01:44,867 --> 01:01:50,039 OVER THIS BLUES TOURISM. WHAT'S YOUR OPINION OF THAT? [ LAUGHTER ] >> YOU'RE LAUGHING. 510 01:01:50,106 --> 01:01:55,812 >> I HOPE I DON'T GET IN TROUBLE. THROUGH THE YEARS, I'VE ALWAYS SEEN, YOU KNOW, MONEY BEING PUT 511 01:01:55,878 --> 01:02:04,287 INTO THAT, AND IT'S FINE. I JUST WISH MORE OF THE OTHER NEIGHBORHOODS WOULD GET SOME OF THAT, YOU KNOW, PUSH AND 512 01:02:04,353 --> 01:02:09,525 REVITALIZATION. WHEN YOU STEP AWAY FROM THE ACTUAL "GENRE," YOU GO ACROSS THE TRACK: THAT'S THE REAL 513 01:02:09,592 --> 01:02:19,001 BLUES. >> PART OF THE APPEAL OF KINGFISH, HE'S A THOROUGHLY MODERN BLUESMAN...UPDATING THE 514 01:02:19,068 --> 01:02:26,375 MUSIC IN SOUND AS WELL AS SUBJECT MATTER... ♪ THAT'S WHAT YOU DO FOR THE BLUES ♪ 515 01:02:26,442 --> 01:02:33,216 >> JUST AS ELVIS, CLAPTON AND HENDRIX BORROWED LIBERALLY FROM THE BLUES... ♪ I SAID, HEY JOE ♪ 516 01:02:33,282 --> 01:02:40,056 >> KINGFISH IS TURNING THE TABLES, BORROWING BACK FROM THEM. HE IS A MUSICAL STEW THAT MIXES 517 01:02:40,123 --> 01:02:56,339 ROCK WITH FUNK, AND JAZZ, PLUS MUDDY WATERS, B.B. KING AND STEVIE RAY VAUGHAN. >> WHAT ELSE DO YOU DRAW ON? 518 01:02:56,405 --> 01:03:03,146 >> GOSPEL, I LOVE GOSPEL MUSIC. THAT WAS, LIKE, KIND OF ONE OF MY FIRST LOVES. HIP-HOP AS WELL. 519 01:03:03,212 --> 01:03:06,482 YOU KNOW, SOME OF MY FAVORITE RAPPERS WERE STORYTELLERS: BIGGIE, YOU KNOW, HE COULD TELL A STORY JUST LIKE ROBERT 520 01:03:06,549 --> 01:03:16,893 JOHNSON. SO, IT'S ALL RELATIVE. >> AND KINGFISH MARRIES HIS SONIC STORYTELLING WITH A 521 01:03:16,959 --> 01:03:26,869 NATURAL SHOWMANSHIP. STILL, WITH BLUES ON THE MUSICAL MARGINS, NOT EXACTLY DOMINATING SPOTIFY PLAYLISTS...WE WONDERED 522 01:03:26,936 --> 01:03:36,846 WHERE THIS GENRE IS HEADING. >> BLUES IS ALWAYS GOING TO BE AROUND, YOU KNOW. THE GENRE MAY NOT BE IN THE 523 01:03:36,913 --> 01:03:47,356 BILLBOARD TOP 200, BUT BLUES IS ALWAYS GOING TO BE HERE. >> YOU'RE NOT WORRIED ABOUT THE FUTURE? 524 01:03:47,423 --> 01:03:52,595 >> NAH. NOT AT ALL. THERE'S ALWAYS GOING TO BE A LITTLE KID SOMEWHERE THAT'S 525 01:03:52,662 --> 01:04:03,105 LISTENING TO B.B., STEVIE, ANYBODY ELSE, SO YEAH. >> HE'S TOO MODEST TO SAY IT, SO WE'LL SAY IT FOR HIM...THAT 526 01:04:03,172 --> 01:04:11,414 LITTLE KID SOMEWHERE IS ALSO SURELY INSPIRED BY A BLUESMAN FROM CLARKSDALE. ♪ SHE CALLED ME KINGFISH... 527 01:04:11,480 --> 01:04:18,888 GOT ME ON THE HOOK ♪ >> WE'LL LET KINGFISH...TAKE US OUT. ♪ IF I CAN'T QUIT THAT WOMAN, I 528 01:04:18,955 --> 01:04:25,461 DO BELIEVE MY FISH IS COOKED ♪ 529 01:04:42,812 --> 01:04:48,851 >> I'M SHARYN ALFONSI. WE'LL BE BACK NEXT WEEK WITH ANOTHER EDITION OF "60 MINUTES." 530 01:04:48,918 --> 01:04:50,820 -- Captions by VITAC -- www.vitac.com