>>> COLLEGE CAMPUSES HAVE ERUPTED OVER THE WAR IN THE MIDDLE EAST. JEWISH AND PALESTINIAN STUDENTS
ALONG WITH THEIR SUPPORTERS ARE PROTESTING AND ANGRY. WE WENT TO LISTEN TO THEM, AND SEE IF ANYONE HAD AN IDEA ABOUT
HOW TO LOWER THE TEMPERATURE. WE WERE SURPRISED BY WHAT WE FOUND. >>> THIS MACHINE CAN CREATE
NEARLY THE COLDEST CONDITIONS IN THE UNIVERSE AT ABOUT 460 DEGREES BELOW ZERO. IN THAT ENVIRONMENT, A RADICALLY
NEW KIND OF COMPUTER MAY CHANGE CIVILIZATION AS WE KNOW IT. >> WE'RE LOOKING AT A RACE BETWEEN CHINA BETWEEN IBM,
GOOGLE, MICROSOFT, HONEYWELL. BECAUSE THE NATION OR COMPANY THAT DOES THIS WILL RULE THE WORLD ECONOMY.
>> I AM ONLY YOUR FAVORITE WOMAN OF ALL TIME, BARBIE! >> WHO WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR TURNING AN 11 1/2 INCH PLASTIC
DOLL INTO THE HIGHEST GROSSING MOVIE OF THE YEAR? >> CAN YOU CONTROL YOUR HAIR? >> THE WOMAN MARGOT ROBBIE,
BARBIE HERSELF, CHOSE TO WRITE AND DIRECT IT, GRETA GERWIG. >> YOU KNOW YOU MIGHT AS WELL TAKE THOSE BIG SWINGS, I MEAN,
LITERALLY THE WORST THING THAT CAN HAPPEN IS IT'S TERRIBLE, NOBODY LIKES IT, AND IT BANKRUPTS THE STUDIO.
>> I'M LESLEY STAHL. >> I'M BILL WHITAKER. >> I'M ANDERSON COOPER. >> I'M SHARYN ALFONSI.
>> I'M JON WERTHEIM. >> I'M CECILIA VEGA. >> I'M SCOTT PELLEY. >> THOSE STORIES AND MORE
TONIGHT ON "60 MINUTES."
>>> ON TUESDAY, THE PRESIDENTS OF HARVARD, THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA AND M.I.T. WILL TESTIFY BEFORE CONGRESS ABOUT
ANTI-SEMITISM ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES THAT EXPLODED AFTER HAMAS' BLOODY ATTACK ON ISRAELI CIVILIANS OCTOBER 7th...AND
ISRAEL'S BOMBARDMENT OF GAZA THAT'S LED TO MORE THAN 15,000 DEATHS, ACCORDING TO THE HAMAS-RUN GAZA HEALTH MINISTRY.
IT'LL BE THE FIRST TIME THESE LEADERS WILL BE QUESTIONED ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING ON THEIR CAMPUSES, WHERE RAW EMOTIONS
HAVE REVEALED ISLAMAPHOBIA AND ANTI-SEMITISM ALIKE. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN NEW YORK CITY HAS EXPERIENCED THIS "CHAOS
ON CAMPUS" LIKE NO OTHER. >> SHAME ON COLUMBIA! SHAME ON COLUMBIA! SHAME ON COLUMBIA! >> WE WENT TO SEE A RALLY IN
SUPPORT OF PALESTINIANS ON THE CAMPUS OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY -- THIS WAS FIVE WEEKS AFTER THE HAMAS TERROR ATTACK ON ISRAEL.
CAMPUS GATES WERE LOCKED. ENTRANCES WERE GUARDED BY THE NYPD. >> FREE, FREE PALESTINE!
>> WE WITNESSED A SEA OF PHONES HELD HIGH IN SOLIDARITY WITH THE PEOPLE OF GAZA AND THE WEST BANK...PASSIONS WERE HIGH AS
WELL. >> OCCUPATION NO MORE. OCCUPATION NO MORE. >> THE FOLLOWING AFTERNOON.
>> AND WE WILL FIGHT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY! >> ANOTHER PRO-PALESTINIAN RALLY -- THIS ONE OUTSIDE THE
GATES. >> SHUT IT DOWN! >> WE SAW POSTERS OF ISRAELIS KIDNAPPED BY HAMAS BEING
DEFACED. [ SOMBER SINGING ] >> WHILE LATER ON CAMPUS WE OBSERVED THIS VIGIL IN SUPPORT
OF ISRAEL. [ SOMBER SINGING ] >> NORMALLY, STUDENTS AT COLUMBIA ARE ENCOURAGED TO BE
OPEN TO IDEAS AND DEBATE. BUT THESE ARE NOT NORMAL TIMES. WHEN WE VISITED, POLICE WERE GUARDING HILLEL, A CENTER FOR
JEWISH LIFE ON CAMPUS. >> HOW DO YOU FEEL ON CAMPUS? YOU FEEL SAFE? >> SHORT ANSWER IS NO.
>> WE MET THIRD-YEAR STUDENT EDEN YADEGAR AT HILLEL. SHE'S THE HEAD OF STUDENTS SUPPORTING ISRAEL AT COLUMBIA.
SHE TOLD US STUDENTS ON ALL SIDES OF THE ISSUE FEEL UNEASE ON CAMPUS. >> IT'S TENSE.
IT'S HOSTILE. THERE HAVE BEEN DAYS WHERE I'VE HAD TO WALK THROUGH NOT ONE BUT TWO PROTESTS ON CAMPUS IN ORDER
TO GET TO MY CLASSES. >> ANOTHER STUDENT, DAVID, ASKED THAT WE NOT USE HIS LAST NAME FOR SAFETY CONCERNS.
>> I WAS LEAVING THE LIBRARY LATE AT NIGHT, AND I HAD A STAR OF DAVID VISIBLY OUT, JUST LIKE THIS, AND SOMEBODY CAME UP TO ME
AND YELLED, "FREE PALESTINE! FREE PALESTINE!" >> YELLED IT AT, AT YOU? >> YES, AT ME.
AND I DON'T KNOW IF I CAN SAY THIS ON TV, BUT HE GOES, "[ BLEEP ] THE JEWS, [ BLEEP ] THE JEWS," A FEW TIMES.
>> OUR UNIVERSITY IS DIRECTLY COMPLICIT IN THIS VIOLENCE, WITH ITS RHETORIC AND ITS INVESTMENTS.
>> MAR Y OF COURSE AM TOLD US SHE HAS FACED REPERCUSSIONS FOR SPEAKING OUT PUBLICLY. >> YOU SAID YOU'VE BEEN AVOIDING
CAMPUS? >> YEAH. I DON'T KNOW IF I'M GOING TO GRADUATE ANYMORE.
I HAVEN'T REALLY BEEN GOING TO A LOT OF MY CLASSES. >> OTHER PRO-PALESTINIAN STUDENT PROTESTERS HAVE HAD THEIR NAMES
AND FACES PARADED OUTSIDE CAMPUS ON A DIGITAL BILLBOARD. ALWAN'S GROUP, THE SJP, WAS SUSPENDED FROM CAMPUS FOR
HOLDING UNAUTHORIZED RALLIES. >> IT'S BEEN VERY SCARY. >> WHAT MAKES IT SCARY? >> THERE HAVE BEEN A LOT OF
DEATH THREATS. THERE HAVE BEEN PROFESSORS AT THE SCHOOL WHO HAVE BEEN CALLING US TERRORISTS.
>> SHE SAYS THE UNIVERSITY HAS MADE THINGS WORSE. >> SO THEY CLOSE ALL THE GATES. THEY BRING HORDES OF NYPD.
AND THEN THEY MAKE ALL OF THE STUDENTS OF COLOR FEEL UNSAFE. >> NAVIGATING THESE PAST COUPLE OF MONTHS ON CAMPUS HAS BEEN A
CHALLENGE, TO SAY THE LEAST. >> COLUMBIA'S NEW PRESIDENT, MINOUCHE SHAFIK, HAS LARGELY BEEN ABSENT FROM THE TURMOIL.
THIS PAST THURSDAY SHE OPENED A PANEL DISCUSSION ON THE CRISIS AND PROTESTERS TRIED TO SHUT IT DOWN.
IN HER FEW CAUTIOUS STATEMENTS TO THE CAMPUS, SHE'S MANAGED TO OFFEND BOTH SIDES -- BY NOT CONDEMNING HAMAS BY NAME OR THE
KILLING OF THOUSANDS OF PALESTINIANS. >> UNIVERSITY JUST THINKS THIS WILL JUST QUIET DOWN.
BUT WE'VE BEEN THERE BEFORE. HATRED DOESN'T DISAPPEAR. >> SHAI DAVIDAI IS AN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF MANAGEMENT AT THE
COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL WHO GREW UP IN ISRAEL. HE SAYS HE WAS SHOCKED TO HIS CORE BY THE HAMAS ATROCITIES ON
OCTOBER 7th, AND THEN BY WHAT HE SAW AS THE UNIVERSITY'S FAILURE TO CONDEMN THE PERPETRATORS BY NAME.
>> WHY DO YOU THINK THAT IS? >> I THINK IT'S A MIXTURE OF COWARDICE, AND PART OF IT IS CALLOUSNESS.
>> DAVIDAI'S FRUSTRATION ERUPTED TWO WEEKS AFTER THE ATTACK IN A VIDEO THAT WENT VIRAL. >> PRESIDENT MINOUCHE SHAFIK OF
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, YOU ARE A COWARD! >> WHAT CAN THE UNIVERSITY DO AT THIS TIME?
>> IF YOU SUPPORT HAMAS, YOU SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO BE AN ORGANIZATION ON CAMPUS. >> UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES ARE
SUPPOSED TO BE BASTIONS OF FREE SPEECH. IS THIS NOT A FREE SPEECH ISSUE? >> SO, IS A STUDENT ORGANIZATION
CELEBRATING A LYNCHING OF AN AFRICAN AMERICAN MALE FREE SPEECH? I'M NOT ASKING FOR RESTRICTIONS
OF FREE SPEECH. I'M ASKING FOR EQUAL TREATMENT. THAT'S IT. >> YOU HAVE SPOKEN OUT.
HAVE YOU BEEN REPRIMANDED IN ANY WAY BY THE UNIVERSITY? >> I HAVE NOT DONE ANYTHING WRONG.
I'M ONLY SAYING WHAT THOUSANDS OF JEWISH AND ISRAELI FACULTY, STAFF AND STUDENTS ARE FEELING. >> SHAME ON ISRAEL!
>> WE MET ANOTHER LEADER WHO HAS EMERGED ON CAMPUS. HOHSEN MAHDAWI IS CO-PRESIDENT OF COLUMBIA'S PALESTINIAN
STUDENTS UNION. WHEN THE SJP AND ANOTHER GROUP, JEWISH VOICES FOR PEACE, WERE SUSPENDED LAST MONTH, MAHDAWI
STEPPED UP TO LEAD A DIVERSE, GROWING COALITION OF MORE THAN 80 CAMPUS GROUPS. >> WE COME HERE, AND WE STAND
TALL, TO RAISE OUR VOICES. >> HE CALLED THE UNIVERSITY'S RESPONSE ONE-SIDED. >> WHEN THE PRESIDENT SENT THE
EMAIL, SHE DID NOT ACKNOWLEDGE THE PALESTINIAN SIDE, AT ALL. >> YOU KNOW THAT JEWISH STUDENTS AND FACULTY ON CAMPUS SAY PRETTY
MUCH THE EXACT SAME THING. >> THERE IS A DIFFERENCE. A HUGE DIFFERENCE. THE PRO-ISRAEL SIDE, WANTS THE
ADMINISTRATION TO SILENCE US. NOT GIVING US SPACE TO MOURN. OR PROTEST THE KILLING OF CIVILIANS AND THE DESTRUCTION OF
GAZA. IT'S A GENOCIDE FOR US. >> MAHDAWI GREW UP IN A REFUGEE CAMP IN THE ISRAELI OCCUPIED
WEST BANK, LIKE HIS FATHER, AND GRANDFATHER, BEFORE HIM. HE TOLD US HIS CHILDHOOD WAS DEFINED BY AN EARLY ENCOUNTER
WITH ISRAELI TROOPS DURING THE SECOND INTIFADA IN 2002. >> AND I HAD MY BEST FRIEND WITH ME, HEMIDA.
AND SUDDENLY I SEE AN ISRAELI SOLDIER POINTING THE RIFLE AT US AND HE SHOT MY FRIEND IN HIS CHEST.
>> YOU WERE HOW OLD? >> I WAS TEN YEARS OLD. AND I STILL REMEMBER WHEN WE PUT HIM IN THE GRAVE, I HELD HIM AND
I SHOOK HIM. I SAID, "HEMIDA, WAKE UP, WAKE UP." HE DIDN'T WAKE UP, AND I TOLD
HIM, "I PROMISE, I PROMISE, I WILL REVENGE." >> 21 YEARS LATER, HE SAYS HIS REVENGE IS SHOWING THE WORLD THE
HUMAN FACE OF PALESTINIANS. AT COLUMBIA, HE'S REACHED OUT TO RABBIS AND HILLEL. BUT THE HAMAS TERROR ATTACK
AROUSED OLD FEELINGS. >> WHEN SOMEBODY IS HURTING YOU, WHEN YOU SEE THIS PERSON IS BEING PUNCHED IN THE FACE, AND
THIS FEELING IT IS YOU NOW FEEL MY PAIN. >> BUT THIS HAMAS ATTACK WASN'T A PUNCH IN THE FACE.
THIS WAS A HORRIBLE TERROR ATTACK. >> I DID NOT SAY THAT I JUSTIFY WHAT HAMAS HAS DONE.
I SAID I CAN EMPATHIZE. TO EMPATHIZE IS TO UNDERSTAND THE ROOT CAUSE, AND TO NOT LOOK AT ANY EVENT OR SITUATION IN A
VACUUM. THIS IS, FOR ME, THE PATH MOVING FORWARD. >> THE SEARCH FOR A WAY FORWARD
TOOK US MORE THAN 200 MILES NORTH TO ANOTHER IVY: DARTMOUTH. >> WHAT HAS BEEN THE REACTION HERE ON THE DARTMOUTH CAMPUS?
>> THANKFULLY, THE REACTION HERE HAS BEEN I THINK A LOT BETTER THAN WHAT I HEAR HAS BEEN HAPPENING ON OTHER CAMPUSES.
EZZEDINE FISHERE IS A SENIOR LECTURER IN THE MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES PROGRAM AND A FORMER EGYPTIAN DIPLOMAT.
>> WE HAVE PROTESTS AND VIGILS AND SO ON. AND, OVERALL, THEY HAVE BEEN VERY DECENT AND CIVIL.
>> VISITING PROFESSOR BERNARD AVISHAI IS AN AMERICAN-ISRAELI JOURNALIST WHO LIVES IN JERUSALEM HALF THE YEAR.
>> I MEAN, HOW MANY CAMPUSES WHEN A TRAGEDY LIKE THIS STRIKES, THE FIRST THING THAT THE HEAD OF MIDDLE EASTERN
STUDIES, AND THE FIRST THING THE JEWISH STUDIES DO IS IMMEDIATELY COMMUNICATE WITH ONE ANOTHER AND SAY, "WE HAVE TO DO SOMETHING
ABOUT THIS TOGETHER." >> THE DEPARTMENT HEADS DREW ON A SEVEN-YEAR RELATIONSHIP AND ORGANIZED CAMPUS FORUMS ABOUT
THE CRISIS. THEY SERVED AS A KIND OF PRESSURE VALVE FOR THE STUDENTS TO VENT, LAMENT, AND ASK TOUGH
QUESTIONS. >> WHY DON'T YOU SAY YOU'RE HESITANT TO CONDEMN HAMAS BECAUSE YOU DON'T WANT TO IMPLY
ONE SIDE IS WORSE THAN THE OTHER? >> WE CERTAINLY CONDEMN HAMAS. >> HUNDREDS OF STUDENTS ATTENDED
IN PERSON, MORE THAN 2,000 WATCHED ONLINE. >> SO, IS THIS TYPE OF COLLABORATION ON A TOPIC UNUSUAL
OR USUAL? >> IT WAS THERE IN THE DNA ALREADY BECAUSE YOU CAN'T DO THIS AT THE LAST MINUTE.
YOU HAVE TO START DOING IT YEARS BEFORE THE CRISIS STRIKES. >> AVISHAI AND FISHERE HAVE BEEN CO-TEACHING A COURSE CALLED,
"POLITICS OF ISRAEL, AND PALESTINE" FOR TWO YEARS. WE SPOKE WITH YASMINE ABOUALI, SAMI LOFMAN, JACKSON YASSIN, AND
FAISAL AZIZI. THEY TOLD US THEY TOOK THE CLASS TO CHALLENGE THEIR BELIEFS. >> YOU KNOW, PALESTINE, ISRAEL
HAS SO MUCH MEDIA AND PROPAGANDA AND MISINFORMATION SURROUNDING IT. >> I THINK IT'S REALLY VALUABLE
TO THINK THROUGH WHY YOU BELIEVE WHAT YOU BELIEVE AND, AND FIND THE WEAK POINTS AND SEE WHERE THINGS MAYBE SHOULD CHANGE.
IT ALLOWS YOU TO HAVE MUCH MORE MEANINGFUL CONVERSATIONS WITH OTHERS. >> IS THAT SORT OF CENTRAL TO
YOUR MESSAGE? >> IT IS. YES. IF YOU WANT TO HATE ISRAEL,
THERE ARE MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WHO HATE ISRAEL. YOU CAN JUST JOIN THAT LINE. IF YOU WANT TO BLAME THE
PALESTINIANS, YOU KNOW THERE ARE MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WHO DO THAT. IF YOU WANT TO BE MORALLY INDIGNANT, GO RIGHT AHEAD.
BUT IT DOESN'T CONCERN US. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW FROM ME IS A METHOD OF LEARNING AND THINKING, IDENTIFYING BIASES.
THAT'S WHAT I CAN HELP YOU WITH. >> IT'S EASY TO SEE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DARTMOUTH AND COLUMBIA.
DARTMOUTH IS ONE-FIFTH THE SIZE, BUCOLIC AND LESS DIVERSE. BUT THEY COULD EASILY HAVE LOOKED VERY SIMILAR AFTER
OCTOBER 7th. THE CAMPUS GREW TENSE WHEN THE ADMINISTRATION HAD TWO PROTESTERS CRITICAL OF ISRAEL
ARRESTED FOR TRESPASSING. >> I THINK THE POTENTIAL FOR TEMPERATURES TO RISE AS HIGH AS THEY DID AT OTHER SCHOOLS IS
JUST AS VALID AT DARTMOUTH AS IT IS AT HARVARD OR COLUMBIA. >> BUT DARTMOUTH PRESIDENT SIAN BEILOCK URGED THE FACULTY
TO MAKE THIS A TEACHABLE MOMENT. >> WE HAVE THIS INCREDIBLE PRIVILEGE OF HAVING THAT SPACE OF LEARNING AND GROWTH.
AND THAT IS MUCH MORE VALUABLE THAN ONE MORE VIOLENT PROTEST OR ANY OF THAT STUFF THAT WE HAVE SEEN IN OTHER PLACES.
>> BACK ON COLUMBIA'S NEW YORK CITY CAMPUS, WE COULDN'T HELP NOTICE THE TWO SIDES THAT SEEM SO FAR APART ARE UNITED BY ONE
THING. >> IT'S CLEAR THAT WE ARE BOTH IN EXTREME PAIN. THE TRUTH OF THE MATTER IS THERE
ARE TWO PEOPLE THAT ARE NOT GOING ANYWHERE, PALESTINIANS AND THE ISRAELI JEWS. >> WHAT I HEAR ARE TWO SIDES
TALKING PAST EACH OTHER. >> YES. >> HOW DO YOU GET PAST THAT? >> I'M INVITING THEM TO COME AND
LOOK AT MY WOUNDS. THE PAIN THAT I LIVED AND MY PEOPLE ARE LIVING IS REAL. AND I WANT THEM TO FEEL IT.
THIS IS WHAT WE ALL ARE TRYING TO DO. CAN YOU FEEL ME? CAN YOU SEE ME?
CAN YOU HEAR ME? AND IT'S PAINFUL.
>>> ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IS THE MAGIC OF THE MOMENT, BUT THIS IS A STORY ABOUT WHAT'S NEXT, SOMETHING
INCOMPREHENSIBLE. TOMORROW, IBM WILL ANNOUNCE AN ADVANCE IN AN ENTIRELY NEW KIND OF COMPUTING -- ONE THAT MAY
SOLVE PROBLEMS IN MINUTES THAT WOULD TAKE TODAY'S SUPERCOMPUTERS MILLIONS OF YEARS.
THAT'S THE DIFFERENCE IN QUANTUM COMPUTING, A TECHNOLOGY BEING DEVELOPED AT IBM, GOOGLE AND OTHERS.
IT'S NAMED FOR QUANTUM PHYSICS WHICH DESCRIBES THE FORCES OF THE SUBATOMIC REALM. THE SCIENCE IS DEEP, AND WE
CAN'T SCRATCH THE SURFACE, BUT WE HOPE TO EXPLAIN ENOUGH SO THAT YOU WON'T BE BLINDSIDED BY A BREAKTHROUGH THAT COULD
TRANSFORM CIVILIZATION. >> THE QUANTUM COMPUTER PUSHES THE LIMITS OF KNOWLEDGE -- NEW SCIENCE, NEW ENGINEERING -- ALL
LEADING TO THIS PROCESSOR THAT COMPUTES WITH THE ATOMIC FORCES THAT CREATED THE UNIVERSE. >> THINK THIS MOMENT IT FEELS TO
US LIKE THE PIONEERS OF THE 1940s AND '50s THAT WERE BUILDING THE FIRST DIGITAL COMPUTERS.
>> DARIO GIL IS SOMETHING OF A QUANTUM CRUSADER. SPANISH-BORN WITH A PhD IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, GIL IS
HEAD OF RESEARCH AT IBM. >> HOW MUCH FASTER IS THIS THAN, SAY, THE WORLD'S BEST SUPERCOMPUTER TODAY?
>> WE ARE NOW IN A STAGE WHERE WE CAN DO CERTAIN CALCULATIONS WITH THESE SYSTEMS THAT WOULD TAKE THE BIGGEST SUPERCOMPUTERS
IN THE WORLD TO BE ABLE TO DO SOME SIMILAR CALCULATION. BUT THE BEAUTY OF IT IS THAT WE SEE THAT WE'RE GOING TO CONTINUE
TO EXPAND THAT CAPABILITY, SUCH THAT NOT EVEN A MILLION OR A BILLION OF THOSE SUPERCOMPUTERS CONNECTED TOGETHER COULD DO THE
CALCULATIONS OF THESE FUTURE MACHINES. SO WE'VE COME A LONG WAY. AND THE MOST EXCITING PART IS
THAT WE HAVE A ROAD MAP AND A JOURNEY RIGHT NOW, WHERE THAT IS GOING TO CONTINUE TO INCREASE AT A RATE THAT IS GOING TO BE
SHOCKING. >> I'M NOT SURE THE WORLD IS PREPARED FOR THIS CHANGE. >> DEFINITELY NOT.
>> TO UNDERSTAND THE CHANGE, GO BACK TO 1947 AND THE INVENTION OF A SWITCH CALLED A TRANSISTOR. COMPUTERS HAVE PROCESSED
INFORMATION ON TRANSISTORS EVER SINCE GETTING FASTER AS MORE TRANSISTORS WERE SQUEEZED ONTO A CHIP -- BILLIONS OF THEM TODAY.
>> BUT IT TAKES THAT MANY BECAUSE EACH TRANSISTOR HOLDS INFORMATION IN ONLY TWO STATES. IT'S EITHER ON OR IT'S OFF --
LIKE A COIN -- HEADS OR TAILS. QUANTUM ABANDONS TRANSISTORS AND ENCODES INFORMATION ON ELECTRONS THAT BEHAVE LIKE THIS COIN WE
CREATED WITH ANIMATION. ELECTRONS THAT BEHAVE LIKE THIS COIN WE CREATED WITH ANIMATION. ELECTRONS BEHAVE IN A WAY SO
THAT THEY ARE HEADS AND TAILS AND EVERYTHING IN BETWEEN. YOU'VE GONE FROM HANDLING ONE BIT OF INFORMATION AT A TIME ON
A TRANSISTOR TO EXPONENTIALLY MORE DATA. >> YOU CAN SEE THAT THERE'S A FANTASTIC AMOUNT OF INFORMATION
STORED, WHEN YOU CAN LOOK AT ALL POSSIBLE ANGELS, NOT JUST UP OR DOWN. >> PHYSICIST MICHIO KAKU OF THE
CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, ALREADY CALLS TODAY'S COMPUTERS "CLASSICAL." HE USES A MAZE TO EXPLAIN
QUANTUM'S DIFFERENCE. >> LET'S LOOK AT A CLASSICAL COMPUTER CALCULATING HOW A MOUSE NAVIGATES A MAZE.
IT IS PAINFUL. ONE BY ONE, IT HAS TO MAP EVERY SINGLE LEFT TURN, RIGHT TURN, LEFT TURN, RIGHT TURN BEFORE IT
FINDS THE GOAL. NOW A QUANTUM COMPUTER SCANS ALL POSSIBLE ROUTES SIMULTANEOUSLY. THIS IS AMAZING.
HOW MANY TURNS ARE THERE? HUNDREDS OF POSSIBLE TURNS, RIGHT? QUANTUM COMPUTERS DO IT ALL AT
ONCE. >> KAKU'S BOOK, TITLED "QUANTUM SUPREMACY," EXPLAINS THE STAKES. >> WE'RE LOOKING AT A RACE, A
RACE BETWEEN CHINA, BETWEEN IBM, GOOGLE, MICROSOFT, HONEYWELL, ALL THE BIG BOYS ARE IN THIS RACE TO CREATE A WORKABLE,
OPERATIONALLY EFFICIENT QUANTUM COMPUTER. BECAUSE THE NATION OR COMPANY THAT DOES THIS WILL RULE THE
WORLD ECONOMY. >> BUT A RELIABLE, GENERAL PURPOSE, QUANTUM COMPUTER IS A TOUGH CLIMB YET.
MAYBE THAT'S WHY THIS WALL IS IN THE LOBBY OF GOOGLE'S QUANTUM LAB IN CALIFORNIA. HERE, WE GOT AN INSIDE LOOK
STARTING WITH A MICROSCOPE'S VIEW OF WHAT REPLACES THE TRANSISTOR. >> THIS RIGHT HERE IS ONE QUBIT,
AND THIS IS ANOTHER QUBIT, THIS IS A FIVE QUBIT CHAIN. THOSE CROSSES, AT THE BOTTOM, ARE QUBITS, SHORT FOR QUANTUM
BITS. THEY HOLD THE ELECTRONS AND ACT LIKE ARTIFICIAL ATOMS. UNLIKE TRANSISTORS, EACH
ADDITIONAL QUBIT DOUBLES THE COMPUTER'S POWER. IT'S EXPONENTIAL. SO, WHILE 20 TRANSISTORS ARE 20
TIMES MORE POWERFUL THAN ONE, 20 QUBITS ARE A MILLION TIMES MORE POWERFUL THAN ONE. >> SO THIS GETS POSITIONED RIGHT
HERE ON THE FRIDGE. >> CHARINA CHOU CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER OF GOOGLE'S LAB SHOWED US THE PROFESSOR THAT HOLDS THE
QUBITS. MUCH OF THAT ABOVE CHILLS THE QUBITS TO WHAT PHYSICISTS CALL NEAR ABSOLUTE ZERO.
>> NEAR ABSOLUTE ZERO, I UNDERSTAND, IS ABOUT 460 DEGREES BELOW ZERO FARENHEIT. SO THAT'S ABOUT AS COLD AS
ANYTHING CAN GET. >> YES, ALMOST AS COLD AS POSSIBLE. >> THAT TEMPERATURE, INSIDE A
SEALED COMPUTER, IS ONE OF THE COLDEST PLACES IN THE UNIVERSE. THE DEEP FREEZE ELIMINATES ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE AND
ISOLATES THE QUBITS FROM OUTSIDE VIBRATIONS SO THEY CAN BE CONTROLLED WITH AN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC FIELD.
THE QUBITS MUST VIBRATE IN UNISON. BUT THAT'S A TOUGH TRICK CALLED COHERENCE.
>> ONCE YOU HAVE ACHIEVED COHERENCE OF THE QUBITS, HOW EASY IS THAT TO MAINTAIN? >> IT'S REALLY HARD.
COHERENCE IS VERY CHALLENGING. >> COHERENCE IS FLEETING. IN ALL SIMILAR MACHINES, COHERENCE BREAKS DOWN
CONSTANTLY -- CREATING ERRORS. >> WE'RE MAKING ABOUT ONE ERROR IN EVERY HUNDRED OR SO STEPS. ULTIMATELY, WE THINK WE'RE GOING
TO NEED ABOUT ONE ERROR IN EVERY MILLION OR SO STEPS. THAT WOULD PROBABLY BE IDENTIFIED AS ONE OF THE BIGGEST
BARRIERS. >> MITIGATING THOSE ERRORS AND EXTENDING COHERENCE TIME WHILE SCALING UP TO LARGER MACHINES
ARE THE CHALLENGES FACING GERMAN-AMERICAN SCIENTISTS HARTMUT NEVEN WHO FOUNDED GOOGLE'S LAB, AND ITS CASUAL
STYLE, IN 2012. >> CAN THE PROBLEMS THAT ARE IN THE WAY OF QUANTUM COMPUTING BE SOLVED?
>> I SHOULD CONFESS, MY SUBTITLE HERE IS CHIEF OPTIMIST. AFTER HAVING SAID THIS, I WOULD SAY AT THIS POINT WE DON'T NEED
ANY MORE FUNDAMENTAL BREAKTHROUGHS. WE NEED LITTLE IMPROVEMENTS HERE AND THERE.
IF WE HAVE ALL THE PIECES TOGETHER, WE JUST NEED TO INTEGRATE THEM WELL TO BUILD LARGER AND LARGER SYSTEMS.
>> AND YOU THINK THAT ALL OF THIS WILL BE INTEGRATED INTO A SYSTEM IN WHAT PERIOD OF TIME? >> YEAH.
WE OFTEN SAY WE WANT TO DO IT BY THE END OF THE DECADE SO THAT WE CAN USE THIS KENNEDY QUOTE, "GET IT DONE BY THE END OF THE
DECADE." >> THE END OF THIS DECADE? >> YES. >> FIVE OR SIX YEARS?
>> YES. >> THAT'S ABOUT THE TIME LINE DARIO GIL PREDICTS. AND THE IBM RESEARCH DIRECTOR
TOLD US SOMETHING SURPRISING. >> THERE ARE PROBLEMS THAT CLASSICAL COMPUTERS CAN NEVER SOLVE.
>> CAN NEVER SOLVE. AND I THINK THIS IS AN IMPORTANT POINT BECAUSE WE'RE ACCUSTOMED TO SAY, "AH COMPUTERS GET
BETTER." ACTUALLY, THERE ARE MANY, MANY PROBLEMS THAT ARE SO COMPLEX THAT WE CAN MAKE THAT STATEMENT
THAT, "ACTUALLY, CLASSICAL COMPUTERS WILL NEVER BE ABLE TO SOLVE THAT PROBLEM." NOT NOW, NOT 100 YEARS FROM NOW,
NOT 1,000 YEARS FROM NOW." YOU ACTUALLY REQUIRE A DIFFERENT WAY TO REPRESENT INFORMATION AND PROCESS INFORMATION.
THAT'S WHAT QUANTUM GIVES YOU. >> QUANTUM COULD GIVE US ANSWERS TO IMPOSSIBLE PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, ENGINEERING
AND MEDICINE. WHICH IS WHY IBM AND CLEVELAND CLINIC HAVE INSTALLED ONE OF THE FIRST QUANTUM COMPUTERS TO LEAVE
THE LAB FOR THE REAL WORLD. >> IT TAKES WAY TOO MUCH TIME TO FIND THE SOLUTIONS WE NEED. >> WE SAT DOWN WITH DARIO GIL
AND DR. SERPIL ERZURUM, CHIEF RESEARCH OFFICER AT CLEVELAND CLINIC. SHE TOLD US HEALTHCARE WOULD BE
TRANSFORMED IF QUANTUM COMPUTERS CAN MODEL THE BEHAVIOR OF PROTEINS -- THE MOLECULES THAT REGULATE ALL LIFE, PROTEINS
CHANGE SHAPE TO CHANGE FUNCTION IN WAYS TOO COMPLEX TO FOLLOW. AND WHEN THEY GET IT WRONG, THAT CAUSES DISEASE.
>> IT TAKES ON MANY SHAPES, MANY, MANY SHAPES, DEPENDING UPON WHAT IT'S DOING, AND WHERE IT IS, AND WHICH OTHER PROTEIN
IT'S WITH. I NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE SHAPE IT'S IN WHEN IT'S DOING AN INTERACTION OR A FUNCTION THAT I
DON'T WANT IT TO DO FOR THAT PATIENT. CANCER, AUTOIMMUNITY, IT'S A PROBLEM.
WE ARE LIMITED COMPLETELY BY THE COMPUTATIONAL ABILITY TO LOOK AT THE STRUCTURE IN REAL TIME FOR ANY, EVEN ONE, MOLECULE.
>> CLEVELAND CLINIC IS SO PROUD OF ITS QUANTUM COMPUTER THEY SET IT UP IN A LOBBY. BEHIND THE GLASS, THAT SHINY
SILVER CYLINDER ENCLOSES THE KIND OF COOLING SYSTEM AND PROCESSOR YOU SAW EARLIER. QUANTUM IS NOT SOLVING THE
PROTEIN PROBLEM YET. THIS IS MORE OF A TRIAL RUN TO INTRODUCE RESEARCHERS TO QUANTUM'S POTENTIAL.
>> THE PEOPLE USING THIS MACHINE, ARE THEY HAVING TO LEARN AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT WAY TO COMMUNICATE WITH A COMPUTER?
>> I THINK THAT'S WHAT'S REALLY, REALLY NICE, THAT YOU ACTUALLY JUST USE A REGULAR LAPTOP, AND YOU WRITE A PROGRAM VERY MUCH
LIKE YOU WOULD WRITE A TRADITIONAL PROGRAM. BUT WHEN YOU, YOU KNOW, CLICK, YOU KNOW, "GO" AND "RUN," IT
JUST HAPPENS TO RUN ON A VERY DIFFERENT KIND OF COMPUTER. >> THERE ARE A HALF DOZEN COMPETING DESIGNS IN THE RACE.
CHINA NAMED QUANTUM A TOP NATIONAL PRIORITY AND THE U.S. GOVERNMENT IS SPENDING NEARLY A BILLION DOLLARS A YEAR ON
RESEARCH. THE FIRST CHANGE COMES NEXT YEAR WHEN THE U.S. PUBLISHES NEW STANDARDS FOR ENCRYPTION BECAUSE
QUANTUM IS EXPECTED ONE DAY TO BREAK THE CODES THAT LOCK EVERYTHING FROM NATIONAL SECRETS TO CREDIT CARDS.
TOMORROW, IBM WILL UNVEIL ITS QUANTUM SYSTEM TWO WITH THREE TIMES THE QUBITS AS THE MACHINE YOU SAW IN CLEVELAND.
THIS PAST AUGUST, WE SAW SYSTEM TWO UNDER CONSTRUCTION. >> IT'S A MACHINE UNLIKE ANYTHING WE HAVE EVER BUILT.
>> AND THIS IS IT. >> AND THIS IS IT. >> IBM'S DARIO GIL TOLD US SYSTEM TWO HAS THE ROOM TO
EXPAND TO THOUSANDS OF QUBITS. >> WHAT ARE THE CHANCES THAT THIS IS ONE OF THOSE THINGS THAT'S GOING TO BE READY IN FIVE
YEARS AND ALWAYS WILL BE? >> WE DON'T SEE AN OBSTACLE RIGHT NOW THAT WOULD PREVENT US FROM BUILDING SYSTEMS THAT WILL
HAVE TENS OF THOUSANDS AND EVEN A HUNDRED THOUSAND QUBITS WORKING WITH EACH OTHER. SO WE ARE HIGHLY CONFIDENT THAT
WE WILL GET THERE. >> OF ALL THE AMAZING THINGS WE HEARD, IT WAS PHYSICIST MICHIO KAKU WHO LED US DOWN THE PATH TO
THE BIGGEST IDEA OF ALL. HE SAID WE WERE WALKING THROUGH A QUANTUM COMPUTER. PROCESSING INFORMATION WITH
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES IS HOW THE UNIVERSE WORKS. >> YOU KNOW WHEN I LOOK AT THE NIGHT SKY, I SEE STARS, I LOOK
AT THE FLOWERS, THE TREES I REALIZE THAT IT'S ALL QUANTUM, THE SPLENDOR OF THE UNIVERSE ITSELF.
THE LANGUAGE OF THE UNIVERSE IS THE LANGUAGE OF THE QUANTUM. >> LEARNING THAT LANGUAGE MAY BRING MORE THAN INCONCEIVABLE
SPEED. REVERSE-ENGINEERING NATURE'S COMPUTER COULD BE A WINDOW ON CREATION ITSELF.
>>> FOR YEARS, HOLLYWOOD HAS RELIED ON TOWERING ACTION HEROES TO GET PEOPLE TO THE MOVIES. BUT THIS SUMMER, IT WAS AN 11
1/2 INCH DOLL...COMPLETE WITH PLASTIC ACCESSORIES AND A PERMANENTLY TANNED SIDEKICK THAT DOMINATED THE BOX OFFICE.
BARBIE-BROUGHT IN MORE THAN A BILLION DOLLARS WORLDWIDE...THE HIGHEST GROSSING MOVIE OF THE YEAR.
THE BRAINS BEHIND THE OUT-OF-THE-BOX BLOCKBUSTER IS AN EQUALLY UNIQUE FILMMAKER, GRETA GERWIG.
GERWIG IS BEST KNOWN FOR HER WORK AS AN ACTOR, DIRECTOR AND SCREENWRITER ON SMALLER, INDEPENDENT FILMS.
BANKROLLED BY WARNERBROTHERS AND BLESSED BY TOYMAKER MATTEL, GRETA GERWIG TOLD US "BARBIE" WAS A DREAM JOB...AND ONE SHE
HAD FEARED JUST MIGHT END HER CAREER. ON A PASTEL COLORED SOUNDSTAGE, JUST OUTSIDE OF LONDON, NO ONE
SEEMED TO BE HAVING MORE FUN ON THE SET OF "BARBIE" THAN DIRECTOR GRETA GERWIG. GERWIG HAS A WAY OF MAKING
THINGS LOOK LIKE CHILD'S PLAY BUT MAKING "BARBIE" WAS NOT. THE FILM'S $100 MILLION PRODUCTION BUDGET WAS DWARFED
ONLY BY THE SIZE OF ITS MARKETING BUDGET, A REPORTED $150 MILLION. >> THERE IS, LIKE, A MOMENT
WHERE YOU'RE, LIKE, "WOW, I'M WAY OUT THERE. LIKE, IF THIS DOESN'T WORK, IT WILL BE A PUB -- [ LAUGHTER ]
VERY PUBLIC." >> PEOPLE ARE GOING TO NOTICE. >> IT WOULD BE AN EXTREMELY PUBLIC ONE.
YOU KNOW, YOU MIGHT AS WELL TAKE THOSE BIG SWINGS." I MEAN, LITERALLY, THE WORST THING THAT CAN HAPPEN IS IT'S
TERRIBLE. [ LAUGHTER ] NOBODY LIKES IT AND IT BANKRUPTS THE STUDIO.
>> THAT WOULD BE BAD. >> OH, NO. OF COURSE. OF COURSE.
BUT, LIKE, HOW BAD, YOU KNOW? AS BAD AS NOT MAKING IT, YOU KNOW? MAYBE NOT.
>> DEFINITELY NOT. >> "BARBIE" SMASHED BOX OFFICE RECORDS TO BECOME WARNERBROTHERS' HIGHEST GROSSING
FILM OF ALL TIME. IT WASN'T A SURE BET. GRETA GERWIG, LIKE "BARBIE'S" PERMANENTLY ARCHED FEET --
PULLED OFF AN ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE BALANCING ACT: >> I AM ONLY YOUR FAVORITE WOMAN OF ALL TIME...BARBIE!
>> GIVING VOICE TO THE ICONIC DOLL AND HER FIERCEST CRITICS. >> YOU'VE BEEN MAKING WOMEN FEEL BAD ABOUT THEMSELVES SINCE YOU
WERE INVENTED. >> YOU'RE WRITING A MOVIE FOR PEOPLE THAT LOVE "BARBIE." YOU'RE WRITING A MOVIE FOR
PEOPLE WHO, MAYBE, DON'T LOVE BARBIE. IT FEELS LIKE A HORNET'S NEST. >> YEAH.
THERE WERE LOTS OF QUESTIONS ABOUT, LIKE, "SHOULD WE BE SAYING THIS OR WALKING INTO THIS STUFF," OR -- BUT MY FEELING WAS
PEOPLE ALREADY KNOW IT'S A HORNET'S NEST. WE CANNOT MAKE SOMETHING THAT PRETENDS TO BE OTHER THAN THAT.
>> CAN YOU CONTROL YOUR HAIR? >> IT WAS BARBIE HERSELF, ACTRESS MARGOT ROBBIE, WHO BROUGHT GERWIG INTO THE FOLD.
>> BARBIE, DAY ONE. >> ROBBIE BOUGHT THE RIGHTS TO MAKE A BARBIE MOVIE AND ASKED GERWIG TO WRITE IT.
SHE AGREED AND SIGNED UP HER PARTNER IN WORK AND LIFE, FILMMAKER NOAH BAUMBACH BUT NEGLECTED TO TELL HIM.
HE LEARNED ABOUT IT FROM A HEADLINE. >> I THINK I SAID, WE'RE WRITING A MOVIE CALLED
"BARBIE." >> YEAH, I SAID, "OOH, WHOOPS." [ LAUGHTER ] >> I COULDN'T EVEN FATHOM IT.
[ LAUGHTER ] >> WELL, I MEAN, HIS ISSUE WITH IT WAS THAT THERE WAS NO CHARACTER AND THERE WAS NO
STORY. >> WELL, I DON'T -- I DIDN'T MIND THAT SO MUCH AS THAT -- >> YOU DID.
>> -- YOU KNOW, THAT IT WAS "BARBIE." >> YOU TOLD ME, "THERE'S NO CHARACTER AND THERE'S NO STORY."
[ LAUGHTER ] >> WAIT. ISN'T BARBIE A CHARACTER? >> NO.
>> NO, SHE -- >> SHE DOESN'T HAVE, LIKE, A PERSONALITY -- [ LAUGHTER ]
>> IT'S A DOLL. [ LAUGHTER ] AND THEN WHEN I FOUND OUT WE WERE DOING IT, SORT OF ACTIVELY
[ LAUGHTER ] TRIED TO GET US OUT OF IT. AND THEN -- >> DID YOU ACTUALLY TRY TO GET
OUT OF IT? >> YEAH. >> I MADE -- I MADE SOME CALLS. AND THEN --
>> IT DIDN'T WORK? [ LAUGHTER ] >> NO -- BECAUSE GRETA WAS PERSISTENT AND GRETA SAW
SOMETHING. >> I DID. >> GRETA, WHAT WAS IT YOU SAW? >> YOU KNOW, BARBIE'S BEEN
AROUND SINCE 1959, AND EVERYONE KNOWS WHO SHE IS, AND EVERYONE HAS AN OPINION, AND SHE'S RUN THE GAMUT OF BEING AHEAD OF
TIME, BEHIND TIME. SHE'S A HERO, SHE'S A VILLAIN. >> HI, BARBIE. >> TOGETHER THEY CREATED THEIR
VISION OF BARBIE LAND, A FEMINIST UTOPIA. WHERE EVERY WOMAN IS BARBIE. >> HI, BARBIE.
HI, BARBIE, HI, BARBIE. HI, BARBIE. HI, KEN. >> AND EVERY KEN IS JUST AN
ACCESSORY. >> IT'S BARBIE'S DREAMHOUSE, IT'S NOT KEN'S DREAM HOUSE, RIGHT?
>> HAHA, RIGHT AS ALWAYS. >> BUT AN EXISTENTIAL CRISIS IN BARBIE LAND. >> DO YOU GUYS EVER THINK ABOUT
DYING? >> SENDS BARBIE AND KEN INTO THE REAL WORLD. >> I FEEL WHAT CAN ONLY BE
DESCRIBED AS ADMIRED BUT NOT OGLED. AND THERE'S NO UNDERTONE OF VIOLENCE.
>> MINE VERY MUCH AS AN UNDERTONE OF VIOLENCE. >> KEN WANDERS OFF... >> NOT WORRIED ABOUT IT.
NOT NOW, MARGARET. LET'S SHAKE ON THIS. >> DISCOVERS PATRIARCHY - AND LIKES IT.
>> THERE WERE PEOPLE THAT CAME OUT AFTER THE MOVIE AND SAID, "OH, THIS MOVIE IS ANTI-MAN." >> THE MOVIE IS MEANT TO BE A
BIG-HEARTED THING, EVEN THOUGH IT'S POKING FUN AT EVERYONE. BUT I HAD THIS -- BUT THIS IS -- BUT I PLANNED THIS IN MY HEAD.
I'LL JUST SAY IT. >> OKAY. >> BUT I THOUGHT, "WELL, THIS IS NOT MAN-HATING ANY MORE THAN
ARISTOPHANE'S "LYSISTRATA" WAS MAN-HATING," WHICH IS -- DOES NOT SOUND LIKE A SICK BURN WHEN YOU SAY IT OUT LOUD LIKE
THAT. >> THAT'LL TEACH 'EM. >> GERWIG INVOKED A GREEK PLAYWRIGHT TO DEFEND BARBIE.
WE NOTICED HER MIND SEEMS TO PERCOLATE WITH LITERARY REFERENCES. BAUMBACH'S TAKE ON THE BARBIE
BACKLASH WAS SIMPLER. >> I FELT MEN COULD TAKE IT. I MEAN, T -- COME ON. >> I MEAN THIS SOUNDS SO SILLY
TO SAY OUT LOUD, BUT I LOVE KEN. WE LOVE KEN. WE ALSO TAKE KEN'S POSITION QUITE SERIOUSLY.
>> ABSOLUTELY. >> I THINK, LIKE, HE HAS NO IDENTITY OUTSIDE OF HER. >> GERWIG AND BAUMBACH LIVE IN
NEW YORK AND WROTE THE SCREENPLAY AT HOME DURING THE PANDEMIC. >> WERE YOU ENTERTAINING EACH
OTHER? >> YES. >> YEAH. I MEAN, IT KIND OF KEPT US SANE.
>> I'LL SEE YOU ON THE MALIBU BEACH... >> OR THE INSANITY WENT INTO THE MOVIE.
THEY TOLD US THE FINAL CUT -- WHICH AT TIMES LOOKS LIKE A COVID FEVER DREAM -- IS VERY CLOSE TO THE SCRIPT THEY
SUBMITTED TO MATTEL. THE TOYMAKER, THEY SAY, WAS SURPRISINGLY HANDS OFF, BUT HAD NOTES.
>> ONE OF THE NOTES WAS, "ON PAGE 112, DOES A MATTEL EXECUTIVE HAVE TO BE SHOT?" >> I GOT SHOT.
>> AND I FELT LIKE THAT WAS EXCITING. WE KNEW WE WERE ONTO SOMETHING. >> WE FELT LIKE WE MIGHT AS WELL
GO FOR BROKE. THEY'RE ALREADY NOT MAKING MOVIES. >> YOU THOUGHT IT MIGHT NOT EVER
GET MADE? YEAH. >> YEAH. OH, NO.
WE THOUGHT IT MIGHT NEVER GET MADE. >> AND SHE SAYS SHE NEVER DREAMED -- SHE'D BE THE ONE WHO
ENDED UP DIRECTING IT. GRETA GERWIG GREW UP IN SACRAMENTO AND FELL IN LOVE WITH COMMUNITY THEATER IN GRADE
SCHOOL. SHE TOOK UP DANCING, THEN ACTING. >> DID YOU KNOW YOU WOULD END UP
IN NEW YORK? >> I -- I WANTED TO BE IN NEW YORK, BUT I JUST DIDN'T KNOW THAT I -- IT WAS POSSIBLE.
I MEAN, IT FELT EXTREMELY FAR AWAY, AND EXPENSIVE. >> SHE ATTENDED BARNARD COLLEGE, PERFORMED IN SCHOOL PRODUCTIONS.
THEN, FELL IN WITH A GROUP OF LOW-BUDGET FILMMAKERS -- BEFORE SETTING HER SIGHTS ON A WIDER AUDIENCE.
>> I REMEMBER I WALKED INTO A CASTING DIRECTOR'S OFFICE. IT WAS, SORT OF, THE HEYDAY OF, LIKE -- JUST A CERTAIN LOOK ON
NETWORK TELEVISION, WHICH I WAS NEVER VERY GOOD AT DOING. I DON'T KNOW WHY. BUT I WAS WEARING OVERALLS.
AND I REMEMBER THEY -- >> A BOLD CHOICE. >> SHE LOOKED UP AND GOES, "YOU MUST BE VERY TALENTED."
♪ >> SHE LANDED ROLES IN MORE THAN A DOZEN MOVIES. SOME SHE HELPED WRITE.
THEN, GRETA GERWIG MADE THE BIGGEST LEAP OF HER CAREER FROM INDIE DARLING...TO BREAKOUT DIRECTOR WITH "LADY BIRD."
>> CUT. GREAT. THAT WAS GREAT. LET'S PARTY.
>> GERWIG WROTE THE COMING-OF-AGE STORY ABOUT THE COMPLICATED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A MOTHER AND DAUGHTER.
>> YOU SHOULD JUST GO TO CITY COLLEGE. YOU KNOW, WITH YOUR WORK ETHIC JUST GO TO CITY COLLEGE, AND
THEN TO JAIL AND THEN BACK TO CITY COLLEGE. AND THEN MAYBE YOU'D LEARN TO PULL YOURSELF UP AND NOT EXPECT
EVERYBODY TO DO EVERYTHING... >> THE SCENE WHERE SHE JUMPS OUT OF THE CAR, WAS THAT YOUR DIRECTION?
>> I WANT YOU TO, WITHOUT EVEN THINKING ABOUT IT, JUST -- JUST HURL YOURSELF OUT OF THIS CA -- LIKE, I WANT IT TO BE ALMOST
LIKE YOU'VE ACTED BEFORE YOU'VE THOUGHT THROUGH COMPLETELY WHAT THE RESULT OF THIS IS GOING TO BE.
>> YES. >> GERWIG'S FEARLESS APPROACH...EARNED THE THEN 34-YEAR-OLD, TWO OSCAR
NOMINATIONS. TWO YEARS LATER, SHE GOT A THIRD NOMINATION...FOR HER 2019 ADAPTATION OF LITTLE WOMEN.
>> I AM SO SICK OF PEOPLE SAYING THAT -- THAT LOVE IS JUST ALL A WOMAN IS FIT FOR. I AM SO SICK OF IT.
>> THEN, CAME BARBIE...WITH A BUDGET MORE THAN TEN TIMES THAT OF LADY BIRD. OF LADY BIRD.
>> HERE. YOU GO, YOU GO. >> THANK YOU. >> LAST MONTH, AT A THEATER IN
NEW YORK, GERWIG SHOWED US SOME OF THE OLD MUSICALS THAT INSPIRED HER... >> BURN THE BLUE.
>> 1957'S FUNNY FACE. >> LOOK AT THE WAY THEY'RE STANDING. THAT'S NOT HUMANS, LIKE, THOSE
ARE DANCERS. THAT'S WHAT I WANTED ALL THE BARBIES AND KENS TO LOOK LIKE. >> BARBIE HAS THAT TECHNICOLOR
SOUNDSTAGE LOOK BECAUSE GERWIG CONVINCED THE STUDIO TO BUILD ONE. COMPLETE WITH A PAINTED SKY AND
BACKDROP TO GIVE THE MOVIE A 2D EFFECT. >> BASICALLY, THE FOREGROUND IS -- THAT'S ON A TREADMILL.
SO THAT'S GOING LIKE THIS TO CREATE MOVEMENT. AND THEN THE LINES ON THE ROAD ARE BEING PULLED BY A PERSON
BEHIND IT. AND IT'S ABOUT SHOWING THE WORK. I WANTED TO SEE THAT IT WAS AUTHENTICALLY ARTIFICIAL.
REALLY FAKE. IT'S ABOUT KIDS. IT'S ABOUT PLAYING WITH TOYS. THE LANGUAGE OF PLAY HAS TO BE
PART OF IT. >> I'M JUST KEN. ANYWHERE ELSE I'D BE A TEN. >> WE SHOT THIS WHOLE THING IN
ONE DAY. WE HAD ONE DAY TO GET IT. THEY WERE, LIKE, IF YOU REALLY WANT THIS DREAM BALLET, YOU'RE
GOING TO GET ONE DAY. >> WHAT WILL IT TAKE FOR HER TO SEE THE MAN BEHIND THE TEN AND FIGHT FOR ME...
>> AS YOU SIT HERE IN THE THEATER TODAY, IT'S STILL AMAZING TO YOU? >> YEAH.
I MEAN, HONESTLY, THE WHOLE MOVIE, WHEN I WATCH IT, I -- I STILL CAN'T BELIEVE ANYBODY LET ME DO THIS.
[ LAUGHTER ] >> I'M JUST HAVING SOME BREWSKI BEERS IN MY MOJO DOJO CASA HOUSE.
>> GERWIG SAYS THEY WROTE THE ROLE OF KEN SPECIFICALLY FOR RYAN GOSLING. >> DID YOU KNOW HIM?
>> NO. >> I'D NEVER MET HIM. >> I MEAN, YOU WROTE HIS NAME, RYAN, IN THE SCRIPT?
>> YES. IT SAID, "KEN: RYAN GOSLING." >> IT WAS HIS FULL NAME. WE JUST PUT HIS WHOLE NAME IN
THE WHOLE TIME. >> IT WAS A LOT TO TYPE ALL THE TIME. [ LAUGHTER ]
>> DID HE INSTANTLY SAY, LIKE, "YES, I'M KEN"? >> I BASICALLY WAS LIKE, "LISTEN, WE'VE SEEN THE FUTURE.
YOU'RE IN IT, AND YOU'RE KEN." >> HANG AROUND WITH GRETA GERWIG LONG ENOUGH...AND A PATTERN EMERGES.
>> NOW YOU'RE GOING TO SEE HOW I GET PEOPLE TO DO THINGS. >> SHE HAS A WAY OF COAXING PEOPLE OUT OF THEIR COMFORT
ZONES. AT A DANCE STUDIO IN MIDTOWN MANHATTAN... >> WHY DON'T YOU JUST COME TRY
IT, THOUGH. JUST COME TRY IT. >> ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR. >> GERWIG DIRECTED ME TO JOIN
HER AS SHE GOT BACK INTO THE SWING OF ONE OF HER FIRST LOVES, TAPDANCING. ♪ PARADIDDLE, PARADIDDLE,
PARADIDDLE ♪ ♪ STAMP ♪ >> THIS IS ACTUALLY A PROUSTIAN MOMENT.
[ LAUGHTER ] >> A PROUSTIAN MOMENT, DURING SOMETHING CALLED A PARADIDDLE. THE ONLY THING TO DO WAS STEP
ASIDE. >> ONE MORE TIME, ONE MORE TIME, WHY IS THE TIMING, MY TIMING OFF?
YOU WANT TO DO IT AGAIN? WE'LL JUST DO IT AGAIN. >> YOU'RE A BIT OF A PERFECTIONIST?
>> I GUESS SO, YES. >> BUT YOU'RE, LIKE, ANOTHER TAKE, ANOTHER TAKE, ANOTHER TAKE.
>> YEAH, YEAH, OF COURSE, YEAH. >> I'M NOT GOOD ENOUGH. >> ON THE SET OF BARBIE, GERWIG DIRECTED NEARLY 50 TAKES OF THIS
SCENE WITH AMERICA FERRERA, WHO PLAYS A MATTEL ASSISTANT AND MOTHER. >> IT IS LITERALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO
BE A WOMAN. >> SOUL-BARING MONOLOGUES, PENNED BY GERWIG, AREA A STAPLE OF HER FILMS.
THE WRITER'S VERSION OF A GUITAR SOLO. >> YOU'RE SUPPOSED TO BE PART OF THE SISTERHOOD, BUT ALWAYS STAND
OUT AND ALWAYS BE GRATEFUL, BUT NEVER FORGET THAT THE SYSTEM IS RIGGED SO FIND A WAY TO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT BUT ALSO ALWAYS
BE GRATEFUL. >> GRETA WILL GO INTO SOME MONOLOGUE MODE, IT'S KIND OF ALMOST PHYSICAL.
LIKE, SHE GOES IN AND SHE JUST, LIKE -- AND KIND OF, LIKE, DOING A THING AND, LIKE, YOU KNOW, IT'S LIKE JOE COCKER OR
SOMETHING. [ LAUGHTER ] IT'S LIKE -- AND THEN SHE HANDS IT OVER.
AND -- AND IT'S GREAT. >> NEXT, GERWIG IS TAKING ON A BIG FRANCHISE. SHE'S DIRECTING AND WRITING TWO
CHRONICLES OF NARNIA MOVIES. SHE CONFESSED PUTTING HER STAMP ON THE BELOVED C.S. LEWIS CLASSICS IS GIVING HER
NIGHTMARES. >> YEAH, WHENEVER I'M STUCK, I GO FOR WALKS -- >> DO YOU GET --
>> -- WHICH IS MOST OF THE TIME >> DO YOU GET STUCK? >> THAT'S ALL I'VE BEEN -- >> I FEEL LIKE IT'S FLOWING OUT
OF YOU -- >> THAT'S ALL I DO. I ONLY GET STUCK. THAT'S ALL I RE -- THAT'S WHY
I'M ALWAYS GOING ON WALKS. >> WHATEVER SHE'S DOING, IT'S PAYING OFF. GRETA GERWIG IS THE FIRST WOMAN
TO SOLO-DIRECT A BILLION-DOLLAR MOVIE...AN IDEA THAT ONCE SEEMED AS FAR-FETCHED AS BARBIE IN BIRKENSTOCKS.
>> WILL THERE BE A KEN MOVIE? >> WE HAD WAY TOO MUCH MATERIAL FOR KEN. WE WOULD WRITE AND WRITE AND
WRITE. >> DON'T GIVE IT AWAY BECAUSE WE MIGHT UNITED HEALTH CARE.
THERE FOR WHAT MATTERS. >>> NOW, AN UPDATE ON A STORY FROM OCTOBER. LESLEY STAHL REPORTED FROM
ISRAEL ABOUT THE RESCUE OF A FAMILY AT A KIBBUTZ DURING THE HAMAS INVASION AND MASSACRE. WE ALSO SAW THEIR NEIGHBORS --
SHOWN IN THIS HAMAS-SHOT VIDEO -- CAPTURED AND TERRORIZED. WHILE THIS FATHER, HIS COMPANION
AND HER SON WERE ALL KILLED, TWO YOUNG SISTERS WERE TAKEN HOSTAGE AND HELD IN GAZA. LAST SUNDAY, AS PART OF THE
U.S.-BROKERED TEMPORARY CEASE-FIRE, AND HOSTAGE RELEASE, THOSE SISTERS, 8-YEAR-OLD ELLA AND 15-YEAR-OLD DAFNA ELYAKIM
TEARFULLY WERE REUNITED WITH THEIR MOTHER. I'M BILL WHITAKER. WE'LL BE BACK NEXT WEEK WITH
ANOTHER EDITION OF "60 MINUTES." >>> HOW SOME AMERICANS' RIGHT TO