1 00:00:11,077 --> 00:00:15,682 >>> COLLEGE CAMPUSES HAVE ERUPTED OVER THE WAR IN THE MIDDLE EAST. JEWISH AND PALESTINIAN STUDENTS 2 00:00:15,749 --> 00:00:25,125 ALONG WITH THEIR SUPPORTERS ARE PROTESTING AND ANGRY. WE WENT TO LISTEN TO THEM, AND SEE IF ANYONE HAD AN IDEA ABOUT 3 00:00:25,191 --> 00:00:35,135 HOW TO LOWER THE TEMPERATURE. WE WERE SURPRISED BY WHAT WE FOUND. >>> THIS MACHINE CAN CREATE 4 00:00:35,201 --> 00:00:46,112 NEARLY THE COLDEST CONDITIONS IN THE UNIVERSE AT ABOUT 460 DEGREES BELOW ZERO. IN THAT ENVIRONMENT, A RADICALLY 5 00:00:46,179 --> 00:00:53,520 NEW KIND OF COMPUTER MAY CHANGE CIVILIZATION AS WE KNOW IT. >> WE'RE LOOKING AT A RACE BETWEEN CHINA BETWEEN IBM, 6 00:00:53,586 --> 00:01:06,900 GOOGLE, MICROSOFT, HONEYWELL. BECAUSE THE NATION OR COMPANY THAT DOES THIS WILL RULE THE WORLD ECONOMY. 7 00:01:06,966 --> 00:01:13,740 >> I AM ONLY YOUR FAVORITE WOMAN OF ALL TIME, BARBIE! >> WHO WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR TURNING AN 11 1/2 INCH PLASTIC 8 00:01:13,807 --> 00:01:19,279 DOLL INTO THE HIGHEST GROSSING MOVIE OF THE YEAR? >> CAN YOU CONTROL YOUR HAIR? >> THE WOMAN MARGOT ROBBIE, 9 00:01:19,345 --> 00:01:26,619 BARBIE HERSELF, CHOSE TO WRITE AND DIRECT IT, GRETA GERWIG. >> YOU KNOW YOU MIGHT AS WELL TAKE THOSE BIG SWINGS, I MEAN, 10 00:01:26,686 --> 00:01:36,996 LITERALLY THE WORST THING THAT CAN HAPPEN IS IT'S TERRIBLE, NOBODY LIKES IT, AND IT BANKRUPTS THE STUDIO. 11 00:01:37,063 --> 00:01:41,968 >> I'M LESLEY STAHL. >> I'M BILL WHITAKER. >> I'M ANDERSON COOPER. >> I'M SHARYN ALFONSI. 12 00:01:42,035 --> 00:01:46,973 >> I'M JON WERTHEIM. >> I'M CECILIA VEGA. >> I'M SCOTT PELLEY. >> THOSE STORIES AND MORE 13 00:01:47,040 --> 00:01:50,310 TONIGHT ON "60 MINUTES." 14 00:01:56,483 --> 00:02:04,357 >>> ON TUESDAY, THE PRESIDENTS OF HARVARD, THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA AND M.I.T. WILL TESTIFY BEFORE CONGRESS ABOUT 15 00:02:04,424 --> 00:02:12,799 ANTI-SEMITISM ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES THAT EXPLODED AFTER HAMAS' BLOODY ATTACK ON ISRAELI CIVILIANS OCTOBER 7th...AND 16 00:02:12,866 --> 00:02:22,442 ISRAEL'S BOMBARDMENT OF GAZA THAT'S LED TO MORE THAN 15,000 DEATHS, ACCORDING TO THE HAMAS-RUN GAZA HEALTH MINISTRY. 17 00:02:22,509 --> 00:02:28,014 IT'LL BE THE FIRST TIME THESE LEADERS WILL BE QUESTIONED ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING ON THEIR CAMPUSES, WHERE RAW EMOTIONS 18 00:02:28,081 --> 00:02:36,189 HAVE REVEALED ISLAMAPHOBIA AND ANTI-SEMITISM ALIKE. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN NEW YORK CITY HAS EXPERIENCED THIS "CHAOS 19 00:02:36,256 --> 00:02:45,865 ON CAMPUS" LIKE NO OTHER. >> SHAME ON COLUMBIA! SHAME ON COLUMBIA! SHAME ON COLUMBIA! >> WE WENT TO SEE A RALLY IN 20 00:02:45,932 --> 00:02:55,875 SUPPORT OF PALESTINIANS ON THE CAMPUS OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY -- THIS WAS FIVE WEEKS AFTER THE HAMAS TERROR ATTACK ON ISRAEL. 21 00:02:55,942 --> 00:03:09,889 CAMPUS GATES WERE LOCKED. ENTRANCES WERE GUARDED BY THE NYPD. >> FREE, FREE PALESTINE! 22 00:03:09,956 --> 00:03:14,827 >> WE WITNESSED A SEA OF PHONES HELD HIGH IN SOLIDARITY WITH THE PEOPLE OF GAZA AND THE WEST BANK...PASSIONS WERE HIGH AS 23 00:03:14,894 --> 00:03:21,134 WELL. >> OCCUPATION NO MORE. OCCUPATION NO MORE. >> THE FOLLOWING AFTERNOON. 24 00:03:21,200 --> 00:03:25,872 >> AND WE WILL FIGHT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY! >> ANOTHER PRO-PALESTINIAN RALLY -- THIS ONE OUTSIDE THE 25 00:03:25,939 --> 00:03:32,745 GATES. >> SHUT IT DOWN! >> WE SAW POSTERS OF ISRAELIS KIDNAPPED BY HAMAS BEING 26 00:03:32,812 --> 00:03:40,687 DEFACED. [ SOMBER SINGING ] >> WHILE LATER ON CAMPUS WE OBSERVED THIS VIGIL IN SUPPORT 27 00:03:40,753 --> 00:03:48,561 OF ISRAEL. [ SOMBER SINGING ] >> NORMALLY, STUDENTS AT COLUMBIA ARE ENCOURAGED TO BE 28 00:03:48,628 --> 00:03:56,970 OPEN TO IDEAS AND DEBATE. BUT THESE ARE NOT NORMAL TIMES. WHEN WE VISITED, POLICE WERE GUARDING HILLEL, A CENTER FOR 29 00:03:57,036 --> 00:04:03,876 JEWISH LIFE ON CAMPUS. >> HOW DO YOU FEEL ON CAMPUS? YOU FEEL SAFE? >> SHORT ANSWER IS NO. 30 00:04:03,943 --> 00:04:13,319 >> WE MET THIRD-YEAR STUDENT EDEN YADEGAR AT HILLEL. SHE'S THE HEAD OF STUDENTS SUPPORTING ISRAEL AT COLUMBIA. 31 00:04:13,386 --> 00:04:20,760 SHE TOLD US STUDENTS ON ALL SIDES OF THE ISSUE FEEL UNEASE ON CAMPUS. >> IT'S TENSE. 32 00:04:20,827 --> 00:04:24,897 IT'S HOSTILE. THERE HAVE BEEN DAYS WHERE I'VE HAD TO WALK THROUGH NOT ONE BUT TWO PROTESTS ON CAMPUS IN ORDER 33 00:04:24,964 --> 00:04:31,237 TO GET TO MY CLASSES. >> ANOTHER STUDENT, DAVID, ASKED THAT WE NOT USE HIS LAST NAME FOR SAFETY CONCERNS. 34 00:04:31,304 --> 00:04:39,746 >> I WAS LEAVING THE LIBRARY LATE AT NIGHT, AND I HAD A STAR OF DAVID VISIBLY OUT, JUST LIKE THIS, AND SOMEBODY CAME UP TO ME 35 00:04:39,812 --> 00:04:44,384 AND YELLED, "FREE PALESTINE! FREE PALESTINE!" >> YELLED IT AT, AT YOU? >> YES, AT ME. 36 00:04:44,450 --> 00:04:49,122 AND I DON'T KNOW IF I CAN SAY THIS ON TV, BUT HE GOES, "[ BLEEP ] THE JEWS, [ BLEEP ] THE JEWS," A FEW TIMES. 37 00:04:49,188 --> 00:05:02,735 >> OUR UNIVERSITY IS DIRECTLY COMPLICIT IN THIS VIOLENCE, WITH ITS RHETORIC AND ITS INVESTMENTS. 38 00:05:02,802 --> 00:05:09,876 >> MAR Y OF COURSE AM TOLD US SHE HAS FACED REPERCUSSIONS FOR SPEAKING OUT PUBLICLY. >> YOU SAID YOU'VE BEEN AVOIDING 39 00:05:09,942 --> 00:05:14,714 CAMPUS? >> YEAH. I DON'T KNOW IF I'M GOING TO GRADUATE ANYMORE. 40 00:05:14,781 --> 00:05:19,952 I HAVEN'T REALLY BEEN GOING TO A LOT OF MY CLASSES. >> OTHER PRO-PALESTINIAN STUDENT PROTESTERS HAVE HAD THEIR NAMES 41 00:05:20,019 --> 00:05:27,293 AND FACES PARADED OUTSIDE CAMPUS ON A DIGITAL BILLBOARD. ALWAN'S GROUP, THE SJP, WAS SUSPENDED FROM CAMPUS FOR 42 00:05:27,360 --> 00:05:32,031 HOLDING UNAUTHORIZED RALLIES. >> IT'S BEEN VERY SCARY. >> WHAT MAKES IT SCARY? >> THERE HAVE BEEN A LOT OF 43 00:05:32,098 --> 00:05:37,804 DEATH THREATS. THERE HAVE BEEN PROFESSORS AT THE SCHOOL WHO HAVE BEEN CALLING US TERRORISTS. 44 00:05:37,870 --> 00:05:44,644 >> SHE SAYS THE UNIVERSITY HAS MADE THINGS WORSE. >> SO THEY CLOSE ALL THE GATES. THEY BRING HORDES OF NYPD. 45 00:05:44,711 --> 00:05:51,984 AND THEN THEY MAKE ALL OF THE STUDENTS OF COLOR FEEL UNSAFE. >> NAVIGATING THESE PAST COUPLE OF MONTHS ON CAMPUS HAS BEEN A 46 00:05:52,051 --> 00:05:57,790 CHALLENGE, TO SAY THE LEAST. >> COLUMBIA'S NEW PRESIDENT, MINOUCHE SHAFIK, HAS LARGELY BEEN ABSENT FROM THE TURMOIL. 47 00:05:57,857 --> 00:06:05,765 THIS PAST THURSDAY SHE OPENED A PANEL DISCUSSION ON THE CRISIS AND PROTESTERS TRIED TO SHUT IT DOWN. 48 00:06:05,832 --> 00:06:13,139 IN HER FEW CAUTIOUS STATEMENTS TO THE CAMPUS, SHE'S MANAGED TO OFFEND BOTH SIDES -- BY NOT CONDEMNING HAMAS BY NAME OR THE 49 00:06:13,206 --> 00:06:20,913 KILLING OF THOUSANDS OF PALESTINIANS. >> UNIVERSITY JUST THINKS THIS WILL JUST QUIET DOWN. 50 00:06:20,980 --> 00:06:27,887 BUT WE'VE BEEN THERE BEFORE. HATRED DOESN'T DISAPPEAR. >> SHAI DAVIDAI IS AN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF MANAGEMENT AT THE 51 00:06:27,954 --> 00:06:35,228 COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL WHO GREW UP IN ISRAEL. HE SAYS HE WAS SHOCKED TO HIS CORE BY THE HAMAS ATROCITIES ON 52 00:06:35,294 --> 00:06:44,904 OCTOBER 7th, AND THEN BY WHAT HE SAW AS THE UNIVERSITY'S FAILURE TO CONDEMN THE PERPETRATORS BY NAME. 53 00:06:44,971 --> 00:06:52,712 >> WHY DO YOU THINK THAT IS? >> I THINK IT'S A MIXTURE OF COWARDICE, AND PART OF IT IS CALLOUSNESS. 54 00:06:52,779 --> 00:07:01,053 >> DAVIDAI'S FRUSTRATION ERUPTED TWO WEEKS AFTER THE ATTACK IN A VIDEO THAT WENT VIRAL. >> PRESIDENT MINOUCHE SHAFIK OF 55 00:07:01,120 --> 00:07:07,860 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, YOU ARE A COWARD! >> WHAT CAN THE UNIVERSITY DO AT THIS TIME? 56 00:07:07,927 --> 00:07:16,836 >> IF YOU SUPPORT HAMAS, YOU SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO BE AN ORGANIZATION ON CAMPUS. >> UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES ARE 57 00:07:16,903 --> 00:07:26,312 SUPPOSED TO BE BASTIONS OF FREE SPEECH. IS THIS NOT A FREE SPEECH ISSUE? >> SO, IS A STUDENT ORGANIZATION 58 00:07:26,379 --> 00:07:31,551 CELEBRATING A LYNCHING OF AN AFRICAN AMERICAN MALE FREE SPEECH? I'M NOT ASKING FOR RESTRICTIONS 59 00:07:31,617 --> 00:07:38,925 OF FREE SPEECH. I'M ASKING FOR EQUAL TREATMENT. THAT'S IT. >> YOU HAVE SPOKEN OUT. 60 00:07:38,991 --> 00:07:47,366 HAVE YOU BEEN REPRIMANDED IN ANY WAY BY THE UNIVERSITY? >> I HAVE NOT DONE ANYTHING WRONG. 61 00:07:47,433 --> 00:07:56,809 I'M ONLY SAYING WHAT THOUSANDS OF JEWISH AND ISRAELI FACULTY, STAFF AND STUDENTS ARE FEELING. >> SHAME ON ISRAEL! 62 00:07:56,876 --> 00:08:04,217 >> WE MET ANOTHER LEADER WHO HAS EMERGED ON CAMPUS. HOHSEN MAHDAWI IS CO-PRESIDENT OF COLUMBIA'S PALESTINIAN 63 00:08:04,283 --> 00:08:12,124 STUDENTS UNION. WHEN THE SJP AND ANOTHER GROUP, JEWISH VOICES FOR PEACE, WERE SUSPENDED LAST MONTH, MAHDAWI 64 00:08:12,191 --> 00:08:21,133 STEPPED UP TO LEAD A DIVERSE, GROWING COALITION OF MORE THAN 80 CAMPUS GROUPS. >> WE COME HERE, AND WE STAND 65 00:08:21,200 --> 00:08:29,508 TALL, TO RAISE OUR VOICES. >> HE CALLED THE UNIVERSITY'S RESPONSE ONE-SIDED. >> WHEN THE PRESIDENT SENT THE 66 00:08:29,575 --> 00:08:40,686 EMAIL, SHE DID NOT ACKNOWLEDGE THE PALESTINIAN SIDE, AT ALL. >> YOU KNOW THAT JEWISH STUDENTS AND FACULTY ON CAMPUS SAY PRETTY 67 00:08:40,753 --> 00:08:49,962 MUCH THE EXACT SAME THING. >> THERE IS A DIFFERENCE. A HUGE DIFFERENCE. THE PRO-ISRAEL SIDE, WANTS THE 68 00:08:50,029 --> 00:08:57,837 ADMINISTRATION TO SILENCE US. NOT GIVING US SPACE TO MOURN. OR PROTEST THE KILLING OF CIVILIANS AND THE DESTRUCTION OF 69 00:08:57,904 --> 00:09:04,744 GAZA. IT'S A GENOCIDE FOR US. >> MAHDAWI GREW UP IN A REFUGEE CAMP IN THE ISRAELI OCCUPIED 70 00:09:04,810 --> 00:09:12,118 WEST BANK, LIKE HIS FATHER, AND GRANDFATHER, BEFORE HIM. HE TOLD US HIS CHILDHOOD WAS DEFINED BY AN EARLY ENCOUNTER 71 00:09:12,184 --> 00:09:21,560 WITH ISRAELI TROOPS DURING THE SECOND INTIFADA IN 2002. >> AND I HAD MY BEST FRIEND WITH ME, HEMIDA. 72 00:09:21,627 --> 00:09:29,468 AND SUDDENLY I SEE AN ISRAELI SOLDIER POINTING THE RIFLE AT US AND HE SHOT MY FRIEND IN HIS CHEST. 73 00:09:29,535 --> 00:09:37,743 >> YOU WERE HOW OLD? >> I WAS TEN YEARS OLD. AND I STILL REMEMBER WHEN WE PUT HIM IN THE GRAVE, I HELD HIM AND 74 00:09:37,810 --> 00:09:48,888 I SHOOK HIM. I SAID, "HEMIDA, WAKE UP, WAKE UP." HE DIDN'T WAKE UP, AND I TOLD 75 00:09:48,955 --> 00:09:56,262 HIM, "I PROMISE, I PROMISE, I WILL REVENGE." >> 21 YEARS LATER, HE SAYS HIS REVENGE IS SHOWING THE WORLD THE 76 00:09:56,329 --> 00:10:04,670 HUMAN FACE OF PALESTINIANS. AT COLUMBIA, HE'S REACHED OUT TO RABBIS AND HILLEL. BUT THE HAMAS TERROR ATTACK 77 00:10:04,737 --> 00:10:17,817 AROUSED OLD FEELINGS. >> WHEN SOMEBODY IS HURTING YOU, WHEN YOU SEE THIS PERSON IS BEING PUNCHED IN THE FACE, AND 78 00:10:17,883 --> 00:10:25,157 THIS FEELING IT IS YOU NOW FEEL MY PAIN. >> BUT THIS HAMAS ATTACK WASN'T A PUNCH IN THE FACE. 79 00:10:25,224 --> 00:10:32,965 THIS WAS A HORRIBLE TERROR ATTACK. >> I DID NOT SAY THAT I JUSTIFY WHAT HAMAS HAS DONE. 80 00:10:33,032 --> 00:10:39,405 I SAID I CAN EMPATHIZE. TO EMPATHIZE IS TO UNDERSTAND THE ROOT CAUSE, AND TO NOT LOOK AT ANY EVENT OR SITUATION IN A 81 00:10:39,472 --> 00:10:51,484 VACUUM. THIS IS, FOR ME, THE PATH MOVING FORWARD. >> THE SEARCH FOR A WAY FORWARD 82 00:10:51,550 --> 00:10:59,358 TOOK US MORE THAN 200 MILES NORTH TO ANOTHER IVY: DARTMOUTH. >> WHAT HAS BEEN THE REACTION HERE ON THE DARTMOUTH CAMPUS? 83 00:10:59,425 --> 00:11:06,799 >> THANKFULLY, THE REACTION HERE HAS BEEN I THINK A LOT BETTER THAN WHAT I HEAR HAS BEEN HAPPENING ON OTHER CAMPUSES. 84 00:11:06,866 --> 00:11:15,708 EZZEDINE FISHERE IS A SENIOR LECTURER IN THE MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES PROGRAM AND A FORMER EGYPTIAN DIPLOMAT. 85 00:11:15,775 --> 00:11:27,820 >> WE HAVE PROTESTS AND VIGILS AND SO ON. AND, OVERALL, THEY HAVE BEEN VERY DECENT AND CIVIL. 86 00:11:27,887 --> 00:11:37,163 >> VISITING PROFESSOR BERNARD AVISHAI IS AN AMERICAN-ISRAELI JOURNALIST WHO LIVES IN JERUSALEM HALF THE YEAR. 87 00:11:37,229 --> 00:11:43,335 >> I MEAN, HOW MANY CAMPUSES WHEN A TRAGEDY LIKE THIS STRIKES, THE FIRST THING THAT THE HEAD OF MIDDLE EASTERN 88 00:11:43,402 --> 00:11:50,643 STUDIES, AND THE FIRST THING THE JEWISH STUDIES DO IS IMMEDIATELY COMMUNICATE WITH ONE ANOTHER AND SAY, "WE HAVE TO DO SOMETHING 89 00:11:50,709 --> 00:11:59,018 ABOUT THIS TOGETHER." >> THE DEPARTMENT HEADS DREW ON A SEVEN-YEAR RELATIONSHIP AND ORGANIZED CAMPUS FORUMS ABOUT 90 00:11:59,085 --> 00:12:04,857 THE CRISIS. THEY SERVED AS A KIND OF PRESSURE VALVE FOR THE STUDENTS TO VENT, LAMENT, AND ASK TOUGH 91 00:12:04,924 --> 00:12:08,027 QUESTIONS. >> WHY DON'T YOU SAY YOU'RE HESITANT TO CONDEMN HAMAS BECAUSE YOU DON'T WANT TO IMPLY 92 00:12:08,094 --> 00:12:15,901 ONE SIDE IS WORSE THAN THE OTHER? >> WE CERTAINLY CONDEMN HAMAS. >> HUNDREDS OF STUDENTS ATTENDED 93 00:12:15,968 --> 00:12:24,844 IN PERSON, MORE THAN 2,000 WATCHED ONLINE. >> SO, IS THIS TYPE OF COLLABORATION ON A TOPIC UNUSUAL 94 00:12:24,910 --> 00:12:33,719 OR USUAL? >> IT WAS THERE IN THE DNA ALREADY BECAUSE YOU CAN'T DO THIS AT THE LAST MINUTE. 95 00:12:33,786 --> 00:12:40,092 YOU HAVE TO START DOING IT YEARS BEFORE THE CRISIS STRIKES. >> AVISHAI AND FISHERE HAVE BEEN CO-TEACHING A COURSE CALLED, 96 00:12:40,159 --> 00:12:49,068 "POLITICS OF ISRAEL, AND PALESTINE" FOR TWO YEARS. WE SPOKE WITH YASMINE ABOUALI, SAMI LOFMAN, JACKSON YASSIN, AND 97 00:12:49,135 --> 00:12:57,443 FAISAL AZIZI. THEY TOLD US THEY TOOK THE CLASS TO CHALLENGE THEIR BELIEFS. >> YOU KNOW, PALESTINE, ISRAEL 98 00:12:57,510 --> 00:13:04,884 HAS SO MUCH MEDIA AND PROPAGANDA AND MISINFORMATION SURROUNDING IT. >> I THINK IT'S REALLY VALUABLE 99 00:13:04,950 --> 00:13:10,689 TO THINK THROUGH WHY YOU BELIEVE WHAT YOU BELIEVE AND, AND FIND THE WEAK POINTS AND SEE WHERE THINGS MAYBE SHOULD CHANGE. 100 00:13:10,756 --> 00:13:15,427 IT ALLOWS YOU TO HAVE MUCH MORE MEANINGFUL CONVERSATIONS WITH OTHERS. >> IS THAT SORT OF CENTRAL TO 101 00:13:15,494 --> 00:13:24,937 YOUR MESSAGE? >> IT IS. YES. IF YOU WANT TO HATE ISRAEL, 102 00:13:25,004 --> 00:13:32,278 THERE ARE MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WHO HATE ISRAEL. YOU CAN JUST JOIN THAT LINE. IF YOU WANT TO BLAME THE 103 00:13:32,344 --> 00:13:37,016 PALESTINIANS, YOU KNOW THERE ARE MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WHO DO THAT. IF YOU WANT TO BE MORALLY INDIGNANT, GO RIGHT AHEAD. 104 00:13:37,082 --> 00:13:42,254 BUT IT DOESN'T CONCERN US. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW FROM ME IS A METHOD OF LEARNING AND THINKING, IDENTIFYING BIASES. 105 00:13:42,321 --> 00:13:48,060 THAT'S WHAT I CAN HELP YOU WITH. >> IT'S EASY TO SEE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DARTMOUTH AND COLUMBIA. 106 00:13:48,127 --> 00:13:55,401 DARTMOUTH IS ONE-FIFTH THE SIZE, BUCOLIC AND LESS DIVERSE. BUT THEY COULD EASILY HAVE LOOKED VERY SIMILAR AFTER 107 00:13:55,467 --> 00:13:59,638 OCTOBER 7th. THE CAMPUS GREW TENSE WHEN THE ADMINISTRATION HAD TWO PROTESTERS CRITICAL OF ISRAEL 108 00:13:59,705 --> 00:14:07,580 ARRESTED FOR TRESPASSING. >> I THINK THE POTENTIAL FOR TEMPERATURES TO RISE AS HIGH AS THEY DID AT OTHER SCHOOLS IS 109 00:14:07,646 --> 00:14:14,920 JUST AS VALID AT DARTMOUTH AS IT IS AT HARVARD OR COLUMBIA. >> BUT DARTMOUTH PRESIDENT SIAN BEILOCK URGED THE FACULTY 110 00:14:14,987 --> 00:14:23,329 TO MAKE THIS A TEACHABLE MOMENT. >> WE HAVE THIS INCREDIBLE PRIVILEGE OF HAVING THAT SPACE OF LEARNING AND GROWTH. 111 00:14:23,395 --> 00:14:35,174 AND THAT IS MUCH MORE VALUABLE THAN ONE MORE VIOLENT PROTEST OR ANY OF THAT STUFF THAT WE HAVE SEEN IN OTHER PLACES. 112 00:14:35,241 --> 00:14:41,413 >> BACK ON COLUMBIA'S NEW YORK CITY CAMPUS, WE COULDN'T HELP NOTICE THE TWO SIDES THAT SEEM SO FAR APART ARE UNITED BY ONE 113 00:14:41,480 --> 00:14:51,190 THING. >> IT'S CLEAR THAT WE ARE BOTH IN EXTREME PAIN. THE TRUTH OF THE MATTER IS THERE 114 00:14:51,257 --> 00:15:00,733 ARE TWO PEOPLE THAT ARE NOT GOING ANYWHERE, PALESTINIANS AND THE ISRAELI JEWS. >> WHAT I HEAR ARE TWO SIDES 115 00:15:00,799 --> 00:15:07,006 TALKING PAST EACH OTHER. >> YES. >> HOW DO YOU GET PAST THAT? >> I'M INVITING THEM TO COME AND 116 00:15:07,072 --> 00:15:16,482 LOOK AT MY WOUNDS. THE PAIN THAT I LIVED AND MY PEOPLE ARE LIVING IS REAL. AND I WANT THEM TO FEEL IT. 117 00:15:16,548 --> 00:15:19,652 THIS IS WHAT WE ALL ARE TRYING TO DO. CAN YOU FEEL ME? CAN YOU SEE ME? 118 00:15:19,718 --> 00:15:23,389 CAN YOU HEAR ME? AND IT'S PAINFUL. 119 00:15:31,997 --> 00:15:39,838 >>> ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IS THE MAGIC OF THE MOMENT, BUT THIS IS A STORY ABOUT WHAT'S NEXT, SOMETHING 120 00:15:39,905 --> 00:15:50,349 INCOMPREHENSIBLE. TOMORROW, IBM WILL ANNOUNCE AN ADVANCE IN AN ENTIRELY NEW KIND OF COMPUTING -- ONE THAT MAY 121 00:15:50,416 --> 00:15:58,257 SOLVE PROBLEMS IN MINUTES THAT WOULD TAKE TODAY'S SUPERCOMPUTERS MILLIONS OF YEARS. 122 00:15:58,324 --> 00:16:07,766 THAT'S THE DIFFERENCE IN QUANTUM COMPUTING, A TECHNOLOGY BEING DEVELOPED AT IBM, GOOGLE AND OTHERS. 123 00:16:07,833 --> 00:16:14,106 IT'S NAMED FOR QUANTUM PHYSICS WHICH DESCRIBES THE FORCES OF THE SUBATOMIC REALM. THE SCIENCE IS DEEP, AND WE 124 00:16:14,173 --> 00:16:21,980 CAN'T SCRATCH THE SURFACE, BUT WE HOPE TO EXPLAIN ENOUGH SO THAT YOU WON'T BE BLINDSIDED BY A BREAKTHROUGH THAT COULD 125 00:16:22,047 --> 00:16:38,831 TRANSFORM CIVILIZATION. >> THE QUANTUM COMPUTER PUSHES THE LIMITS OF KNOWLEDGE -- NEW SCIENCE, NEW ENGINEERING -- ALL 126 00:16:38,897 --> 00:16:44,636 LEADING TO THIS PROCESSOR THAT COMPUTES WITH THE ATOMIC FORCES THAT CREATED THE UNIVERSE. >> THINK THIS MOMENT IT FEELS TO 127 00:16:44,703 --> 00:16:50,943 US LIKE THE PIONEERS OF THE 1940s AND '50s THAT WERE BUILDING THE FIRST DIGITAL COMPUTERS. 128 00:16:51,009 --> 00:16:57,816 >> DARIO GIL IS SOMETHING OF A QUANTUM CRUSADER. SPANISH-BORN WITH A PhD IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, GIL IS 129 00:16:57,883 --> 00:17:06,825 HEAD OF RESEARCH AT IBM. >> HOW MUCH FASTER IS THIS THAN, SAY, THE WORLD'S BEST SUPERCOMPUTER TODAY? 130 00:17:06,892 --> 00:17:18,437 >> WE ARE NOW IN A STAGE WHERE WE CAN DO CERTAIN CALCULATIONS WITH THESE SYSTEMS THAT WOULD TAKE THE BIGGEST SUPERCOMPUTERS 131 00:17:18,504 --> 00:17:27,379 IN THE WORLD TO BE ABLE TO DO SOME SIMILAR CALCULATION. BUT THE BEAUTY OF IT IS THAT WE SEE THAT WE'RE GOING TO CONTINUE 132 00:17:27,446 --> 00:17:35,254 TO EXPAND THAT CAPABILITY, SUCH THAT NOT EVEN A MILLION OR A BILLION OF THOSE SUPERCOMPUTERS CONNECTED TOGETHER COULD DO THE 133 00:17:35,320 --> 00:17:45,264 CALCULATIONS OF THESE FUTURE MACHINES. SO WE'VE COME A LONG WAY. AND THE MOST EXCITING PART IS 134 00:17:45,330 --> 00:17:50,002 THAT WE HAVE A ROAD MAP AND A JOURNEY RIGHT NOW, WHERE THAT IS GOING TO CONTINUE TO INCREASE AT A RATE THAT IS GOING TO BE 135 00:17:50,068 --> 00:17:58,343 SHOCKING. >> I'M NOT SURE THE WORLD IS PREPARED FOR THIS CHANGE. >> DEFINITELY NOT. 136 00:17:58,410 --> 00:18:10,389 >> TO UNDERSTAND THE CHANGE, GO BACK TO 1947 AND THE INVENTION OF A SWITCH CALLED A TRANSISTOR. COMPUTERS HAVE PROCESSED 137 00:18:10,456 --> 00:18:20,599 INFORMATION ON TRANSISTORS EVER SINCE GETTING FASTER AS MORE TRANSISTORS WERE SQUEEZED ONTO A CHIP -- BILLIONS OF THEM TODAY. 138 00:18:20,666 --> 00:18:27,940 >> BUT IT TAKES THAT MANY BECAUSE EACH TRANSISTOR HOLDS INFORMATION IN ONLY TWO STATES. IT'S EITHER ON OR IT'S OFF -- 139 00:18:28,006 --> 00:18:50,596 LIKE A COIN -- HEADS OR TAILS. QUANTUM ABANDONS TRANSISTORS AND ENCODES INFORMATION ON ELECTRONS THAT BEHAVE LIKE THIS COIN WE 140 00:18:50,662 --> 00:18:55,300 CREATED WITH ANIMATION. ELECTRONS THAT BEHAVE LIKE THIS COIN WE CREATED WITH ANIMATION. ELECTRONS BEHAVE IN A WAY SO 141 00:18:55,367 --> 00:19:00,572 THAT THEY ARE HEADS AND TAILS AND EVERYTHING IN BETWEEN. YOU'VE GONE FROM HANDLING ONE BIT OF INFORMATION AT A TIME ON 142 00:19:00,639 --> 00:19:05,878 A TRANSISTOR TO EXPONENTIALLY MORE DATA. >> YOU CAN SEE THAT THERE'S A FANTASTIC AMOUNT OF INFORMATION 143 00:19:05,944 --> 00:19:11,116 STORED, WHEN YOU CAN LOOK AT ALL POSSIBLE ANGELS, NOT JUST UP OR DOWN. >> PHYSICIST MICHIO KAKU OF THE 144 00:19:11,183 --> 00:19:19,525 CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, ALREADY CALLS TODAY'S COMPUTERS "CLASSICAL." HE USES A MAZE TO EXPLAIN 145 00:19:19,591 --> 00:19:25,163 QUANTUM'S DIFFERENCE. >> LET'S LOOK AT A CLASSICAL COMPUTER CALCULATING HOW A MOUSE NAVIGATES A MAZE. 146 00:19:25,230 --> 00:19:30,536 IT IS PAINFUL. ONE BY ONE, IT HAS TO MAP EVERY SINGLE LEFT TURN, RIGHT TURN, LEFT TURN, RIGHT TURN BEFORE IT 147 00:19:30,602 --> 00:19:39,511 FINDS THE GOAL. NOW A QUANTUM COMPUTER SCANS ALL POSSIBLE ROUTES SIMULTANEOUSLY. THIS IS AMAZING. 148 00:19:39,578 --> 00:19:45,817 HOW MANY TURNS ARE THERE? HUNDREDS OF POSSIBLE TURNS, RIGHT? QUANTUM COMPUTERS DO IT ALL AT 149 00:19:45,884 --> 00:19:55,260 ONCE. >> KAKU'S BOOK, TITLED "QUANTUM SUPREMACY," EXPLAINS THE STAKES. >> WE'RE LOOKING AT A RACE, A 150 00:19:55,327 --> 00:20:04,736 RACE BETWEEN CHINA, BETWEEN IBM, GOOGLE, MICROSOFT, HONEYWELL, ALL THE BIG BOYS ARE IN THIS RACE TO CREATE A WORKABLE, 151 00:20:04,803 --> 00:20:10,576 OPERATIONALLY EFFICIENT QUANTUM COMPUTER. BECAUSE THE NATION OR COMPANY THAT DOES THIS WILL RULE THE 152 00:20:10,642 --> 00:20:21,620 WORLD ECONOMY. >> BUT A RELIABLE, GENERAL PURPOSE, QUANTUM COMPUTER IS A TOUGH CLIMB YET. 153 00:20:21,687 --> 00:20:29,528 MAYBE THAT'S WHY THIS WALL IS IN THE LOBBY OF GOOGLE'S QUANTUM LAB IN CALIFORNIA. HERE, WE GOT AN INSIDE LOOK 154 00:20:29,595 --> 00:20:38,470 STARTING WITH A MICROSCOPE'S VIEW OF WHAT REPLACES THE TRANSISTOR. >> THIS RIGHT HERE IS ONE QUBIT, 155 00:20:38,537 --> 00:20:45,811 AND THIS IS ANOTHER QUBIT, THIS IS A FIVE QUBIT CHAIN. THOSE CROSSES, AT THE BOTTOM, ARE QUBITS, SHORT FOR QUANTUM 156 00:20:45,877 --> 00:20:54,219 BITS. THEY HOLD THE ELECTRONS AND ACT LIKE ARTIFICIAL ATOMS. UNLIKE TRANSISTORS, EACH 157 00:20:54,286 --> 00:21:04,262 ADDITIONAL QUBIT DOUBLES THE COMPUTER'S POWER. IT'S EXPONENTIAL. SO, WHILE 20 TRANSISTORS ARE 20 158 00:21:04,329 --> 00:21:11,637 TIMES MORE POWERFUL THAN ONE, 20 QUBITS ARE A MILLION TIMES MORE POWERFUL THAN ONE. >> SO THIS GETS POSITIONED RIGHT 159 00:21:11,703 --> 00:21:19,544 HERE ON THE FRIDGE. >> CHARINA CHOU CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER OF GOOGLE'S LAB SHOWED US THE PROFESSOR THAT HOLDS THE 160 00:21:19,611 --> 00:21:30,722 QUBITS. MUCH OF THAT ABOVE CHILLS THE QUBITS TO WHAT PHYSICISTS CALL NEAR ABSOLUTE ZERO. 161 00:21:30,789 --> 00:21:36,361 >> NEAR ABSOLUTE ZERO, I UNDERSTAND, IS ABOUT 460 DEGREES BELOW ZERO FARENHEIT. SO THAT'S ABOUT AS COLD AS 162 00:21:36,428 --> 00:21:43,301 ANYTHING CAN GET. >> YES, ALMOST AS COLD AS POSSIBLE. >> THAT TEMPERATURE, INSIDE A 163 00:21:43,368 --> 00:21:50,609 SEALED COMPUTER, IS ONE OF THE COLDEST PLACES IN THE UNIVERSE. THE DEEP FREEZE ELIMINATES ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE AND 164 00:21:50,676 --> 00:21:57,949 ISOLATES THE QUBITS FROM OUTSIDE VIBRATIONS SO THEY CAN BE CONTROLLED WITH AN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC FIELD. 165 00:21:58,016 --> 00:22:05,390 THE QUBITS MUST VIBRATE IN UNISON. BUT THAT'S A TOUGH TRICK CALLED COHERENCE. 166 00:22:05,457 --> 00:22:12,764 >> ONCE YOU HAVE ACHIEVED COHERENCE OF THE QUBITS, HOW EASY IS THAT TO MAINTAIN? >> IT'S REALLY HARD. 167 00:22:12,831 --> 00:22:22,140 COHERENCE IS VERY CHALLENGING. >> COHERENCE IS FLEETING. IN ALL SIMILAR MACHINES, COHERENCE BREAKS DOWN 168 00:22:22,207 --> 00:22:30,115 CONSTANTLY -- CREATING ERRORS. >> WE'RE MAKING ABOUT ONE ERROR IN EVERY HUNDRED OR SO STEPS. ULTIMATELY, WE THINK WE'RE GOING 169 00:22:30,182 --> 00:22:36,955 TO NEED ABOUT ONE ERROR IN EVERY MILLION OR SO STEPS. THAT WOULD PROBABLY BE IDENTIFIED AS ONE OF THE BIGGEST 170 00:22:37,022 --> 00:22:42,761 BARRIERS. >> MITIGATING THOSE ERRORS AND EXTENDING COHERENCE TIME WHILE SCALING UP TO LARGER MACHINES 171 00:22:42,828 --> 00:22:53,238 ARE THE CHALLENGES FACING GERMAN-AMERICAN SCIENTISTS HARTMUT NEVEN WHO FOUNDED GOOGLE'S LAB, AND ITS CASUAL 172 00:22:53,305 --> 00:23:01,213 STYLE, IN 2012. >> CAN THE PROBLEMS THAT ARE IN THE WAY OF QUANTUM COMPUTING BE SOLVED? 173 00:23:01,279 --> 00:23:09,154 >> I SHOULD CONFESS, MY SUBTITLE HERE IS CHIEF OPTIMIST. AFTER HAVING SAID THIS, I WOULD SAY AT THIS POINT WE DON'T NEED 174 00:23:09,221 --> 00:23:14,893 ANY MORE FUNDAMENTAL BREAKTHROUGHS. WE NEED LITTLE IMPROVEMENTS HERE AND THERE. 175 00:23:14,960 --> 00:23:19,631 IF WE HAVE ALL THE PIECES TOGETHER, WE JUST NEED TO INTEGRATE THEM WELL TO BUILD LARGER AND LARGER SYSTEMS. 176 00:23:19,698 --> 00:23:27,005 >> AND YOU THINK THAT ALL OF THIS WILL BE INTEGRATED INTO A SYSTEM IN WHAT PERIOD OF TIME? >> YEAH. 177 00:23:27,072 --> 00:23:32,778 WE OFTEN SAY WE WANT TO DO IT BY THE END OF THE DECADE SO THAT WE CAN USE THIS KENNEDY QUOTE, "GET IT DONE BY THE END OF THE 178 00:23:32,844 --> 00:23:38,550 DECADE." >> THE END OF THIS DECADE? >> YES. >> FIVE OR SIX YEARS? 179 00:23:38,617 --> 00:23:43,822 >> YES. >> THAT'S ABOUT THE TIME LINE DARIO GIL PREDICTS. AND THE IBM RESEARCH DIRECTOR 180 00:23:43,889 --> 00:23:49,594 TOLD US SOMETHING SURPRISING. >> THERE ARE PROBLEMS THAT CLASSICAL COMPUTERS CAN NEVER SOLVE. 181 00:23:49,661 --> 00:23:54,866 >> CAN NEVER SOLVE. AND I THINK THIS IS AN IMPORTANT POINT BECAUSE WE'RE ACCUSTOMED TO SAY, "AH COMPUTERS GET 182 00:23:54,933 --> 00:24:04,409 BETTER." ACTUALLY, THERE ARE MANY, MANY PROBLEMS THAT ARE SO COMPLEX THAT WE CAN MAKE THAT STATEMENT 183 00:24:04,476 --> 00:24:09,181 THAT, "ACTUALLY, CLASSICAL COMPUTERS WILL NEVER BE ABLE TO SOLVE THAT PROBLEM." NOT NOW, NOT 100 YEARS FROM NOW, 184 00:24:09,247 --> 00:24:17,589 NOT 1,000 YEARS FROM NOW." YOU ACTUALLY REQUIRE A DIFFERENT WAY TO REPRESENT INFORMATION AND PROCESS INFORMATION. 185 00:24:17,656 --> 00:24:26,932 THAT'S WHAT QUANTUM GIVES YOU. >> QUANTUM COULD GIVE US ANSWERS TO IMPOSSIBLE PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, ENGINEERING 186 00:24:26,998 --> 00:24:33,371 AND MEDICINE. WHICH IS WHY IBM AND CLEVELAND CLINIC HAVE INSTALLED ONE OF THE FIRST QUANTUM COMPUTERS TO LEAVE 187 00:24:33,438 --> 00:24:45,984 THE LAB FOR THE REAL WORLD. >> IT TAKES WAY TOO MUCH TIME TO FIND THE SOLUTIONS WE NEED. >> WE SAT DOWN WITH DARIO GIL 188 00:24:46,051 --> 00:24:52,791 AND DR. SERPIL ERZURUM, CHIEF RESEARCH OFFICER AT CLEVELAND CLINIC. SHE TOLD US HEALTHCARE WOULD BE 189 00:24:52,858 --> 00:25:01,800 TRANSFORMED IF QUANTUM COMPUTERS CAN MODEL THE BEHAVIOR OF PROTEINS -- THE MOLECULES THAT REGULATE ALL LIFE, PROTEINS 190 00:25:01,867 --> 00:25:10,242 CHANGE SHAPE TO CHANGE FUNCTION IN WAYS TOO COMPLEX TO FOLLOW. AND WHEN THEY GET IT WRONG, THAT CAUSES DISEASE. 191 00:25:10,308 --> 00:25:18,116 >> IT TAKES ON MANY SHAPES, MANY, MANY SHAPES, DEPENDING UPON WHAT IT'S DOING, AND WHERE IT IS, AND WHICH OTHER PROTEIN 192 00:25:18,183 --> 00:25:30,128 IT'S WITH. I NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE SHAPE IT'S IN WHEN IT'S DOING AN INTERACTION OR A FUNCTION THAT I 193 00:25:30,195 --> 00:25:36,201 DON'T WANT IT TO DO FOR THAT PATIENT. CANCER, AUTOIMMUNITY, IT'S A PROBLEM. 194 00:25:36,268 --> 00:25:43,575 WE ARE LIMITED COMPLETELY BY THE COMPUTATIONAL ABILITY TO LOOK AT THE STRUCTURE IN REAL TIME FOR ANY, EVEN ONE, MOLECULE. 195 00:25:43,642 --> 00:25:50,949 >> CLEVELAND CLINIC IS SO PROUD OF ITS QUANTUM COMPUTER THEY SET IT UP IN A LOBBY. BEHIND THE GLASS, THAT SHINY 196 00:25:51,016 --> 00:26:00,392 SILVER CYLINDER ENCLOSES THE KIND OF COOLING SYSTEM AND PROCESSOR YOU SAW EARLIER. QUANTUM IS NOT SOLVING THE 197 00:26:00,458 --> 00:26:05,730 PROTEIN PROBLEM YET. THIS IS MORE OF A TRIAL RUN TO INTRODUCE RESEARCHERS TO QUANTUM'S POTENTIAL. 198 00:26:05,797 --> 00:26:15,206 >> THE PEOPLE USING THIS MACHINE, ARE THEY HAVING TO LEARN AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT WAY TO COMMUNICATE WITH A COMPUTER? 199 00:26:15,273 --> 00:26:21,012 >> I THINK THAT'S WHAT'S REALLY, REALLY NICE, THAT YOU ACTUALLY JUST USE A REGULAR LAPTOP, AND YOU WRITE A PROGRAM VERY MUCH 200 00:26:21,079 --> 00:26:27,319 LIKE YOU WOULD WRITE A TRADITIONAL PROGRAM. BUT WHEN YOU, YOU KNOW, CLICK, YOU KNOW, "GO" AND "RUN," IT 201 00:26:27,385 --> 00:26:35,193 JUST HAPPENS TO RUN ON A VERY DIFFERENT KIND OF COMPUTER. >> THERE ARE A HALF DOZEN COMPETING DESIGNS IN THE RACE. 202 00:26:35,260 --> 00:26:42,567 CHINA NAMED QUANTUM A TOP NATIONAL PRIORITY AND THE U.S. GOVERNMENT IS SPENDING NEARLY A BILLION DOLLARS A YEAR ON 203 00:26:42,634 --> 00:26:55,213 RESEARCH. THE FIRST CHANGE COMES NEXT YEAR WHEN THE U.S. PUBLISHES NEW STANDARDS FOR ENCRYPTION BECAUSE 204 00:26:55,280 --> 00:27:03,688 QUANTUM IS EXPECTED ONE DAY TO BREAK THE CODES THAT LOCK EVERYTHING FROM NATIONAL SECRETS TO CREDIT CARDS. 205 00:27:03,755 --> 00:27:14,733 TOMORROW, IBM WILL UNVEIL ITS QUANTUM SYSTEM TWO WITH THREE TIMES THE QUBITS AS THE MACHINE YOU SAW IN CLEVELAND. 206 00:27:14,799 --> 00:27:20,505 THIS PAST AUGUST, WE SAW SYSTEM TWO UNDER CONSTRUCTION. >> IT'S A MACHINE UNLIKE ANYTHING WE HAVE EVER BUILT. 207 00:27:20,572 --> 00:27:28,913 >> AND THIS IS IT. >> AND THIS IS IT. >> IBM'S DARIO GIL TOLD US SYSTEM TWO HAS THE ROOM TO 208 00:27:28,980 --> 00:27:34,686 EXPAND TO THOUSANDS OF QUBITS. >> WHAT ARE THE CHANCES THAT THIS IS ONE OF THOSE THINGS THAT'S GOING TO BE READY IN FIVE 209 00:27:34,753 --> 00:27:44,696 YEARS AND ALWAYS WILL BE? >> WE DON'T SEE AN OBSTACLE RIGHT NOW THAT WOULD PREVENT US FROM BUILDING SYSTEMS THAT WILL 210 00:27:44,763 --> 00:27:51,002 HAVE TENS OF THOUSANDS AND EVEN A HUNDRED THOUSAND QUBITS WORKING WITH EACH OTHER. SO WE ARE HIGHLY CONFIDENT THAT 211 00:27:51,069 --> 00:27:57,308 WE WILL GET THERE. >> OF ALL THE AMAZING THINGS WE HEARD, IT WAS PHYSICIST MICHIO KAKU WHO LED US DOWN THE PATH TO 212 00:27:57,375 --> 00:28:06,317 THE BIGGEST IDEA OF ALL. HE SAID WE WERE WALKING THROUGH A QUANTUM COMPUTER. PROCESSING INFORMATION WITH 213 00:28:06,384 --> 00:28:12,624 SUBATOMIC PARTICLES IS HOW THE UNIVERSE WORKS. >> YOU KNOW WHEN I LOOK AT THE NIGHT SKY, I SEE STARS, I LOOK 214 00:28:12,690 --> 00:28:20,765 AT THE FLOWERS, THE TREES I REALIZE THAT IT'S ALL QUANTUM, THE SPLENDOR OF THE UNIVERSE ITSELF. 215 00:28:20,832 --> 00:28:27,772 THE LANGUAGE OF THE UNIVERSE IS THE LANGUAGE OF THE QUANTUM. >> LEARNING THAT LANGUAGE MAY BRING MORE THAN INCONCEIVABLE 216 00:28:27,839 --> 00:28:34,579 SPEED. REVERSE-ENGINEERING NATURE'S COMPUTER COULD BE A WINDOW ON CREATION ITSELF. 217 00:28:49,461 --> 00:28:56,935 >>> FOR YEARS, HOLLYWOOD HAS RELIED ON TOWERING ACTION HEROES TO GET PEOPLE TO THE MOVIES. BUT THIS SUMMER, IT WAS AN 11 218 00:28:57,001 --> 00:29:07,378 1/2 INCH DOLL...COMPLETE WITH PLASTIC ACCESSORIES AND A PERMANENTLY TANNED SIDEKICK THAT DOMINATED THE BOX OFFICE. 219 00:29:07,445 --> 00:29:13,351 BARBIE-BROUGHT IN MORE THAN A BILLION DOLLARS WORLDWIDE...THE HIGHEST GROSSING MOVIE OF THE YEAR. 220 00:29:13,418 --> 00:29:17,889 THE BRAINS BEHIND THE OUT-OF-THE-BOX BLOCKBUSTER IS AN EQUALLY UNIQUE FILMMAKER, GRETA GERWIG. 221 00:29:17,956 --> 00:29:24,229 GERWIG IS BEST KNOWN FOR HER WORK AS AN ACTOR, DIRECTOR AND SCREENWRITER ON SMALLER, INDEPENDENT FILMS. 222 00:29:24,295 --> 00:29:32,103 BANKROLLED BY WARNERBROTHERS AND BLESSED BY TOYMAKER MATTEL, GRETA GERWIG TOLD US "BARBIE" WAS A DREAM JOB...AND ONE SHE 223 00:29:32,170 --> 00:29:43,148 HAD FEARED JUST MIGHT END HER CAREER. ON A PASTEL COLORED SOUNDSTAGE, JUST OUTSIDE OF LONDON, NO ONE 224 00:29:43,214 --> 00:29:49,420 SEEMED TO BE HAVING MORE FUN ON THE SET OF "BARBIE" THAN DIRECTOR GRETA GERWIG. GERWIG HAS A WAY OF MAKING 225 00:29:49,487 --> 00:29:56,761 THINGS LOOK LIKE CHILD'S PLAY BUT MAKING "BARBIE" WAS NOT. THE FILM'S $100 MILLION PRODUCTION BUDGET WAS DWARFED 226 00:29:56,828 --> 00:30:04,135 ONLY BY THE SIZE OF ITS MARKETING BUDGET, A REPORTED $150 MILLION. >> THERE IS, LIKE, A MOMENT 227 00:30:04,202 --> 00:30:11,776 WHERE YOU'RE, LIKE, "WOW, I'M WAY OUT THERE. LIKE, IF THIS DOESN'T WORK, IT WILL BE A PUB -- [ LAUGHTER ] 228 00:30:11,843 --> 00:30:20,985 VERY PUBLIC." >> PEOPLE ARE GOING TO NOTICE. >> IT WOULD BE AN EXTREMELY PUBLIC ONE. 229 00:30:21,052 --> 00:30:26,324 YOU KNOW, YOU MIGHT AS WELL TAKE THOSE BIG SWINGS." I MEAN, LITERALLY, THE WORST THING THAT CAN HAPPEN IS IT'S 230 00:30:26,391 --> 00:30:31,162 TERRIBLE. [ LAUGHTER ] NOBODY LIKES IT AND IT BANKRUPTS THE STUDIO. 231 00:30:31,229 --> 00:30:36,234 >> THAT WOULD BE BAD. >> OH, NO. OF COURSE. OF COURSE. 232 00:30:36,301 --> 00:30:39,904 BUT, LIKE, HOW BAD, YOU KNOW? AS BAD AS NOT MAKING IT, YOU KNOW? MAYBE NOT. 233 00:30:39,971 --> 00:30:44,642 >> DEFINITELY NOT. >> "BARBIE" SMASHED BOX OFFICE RECORDS TO BECOME WARNERBROTHERS' HIGHEST GROSSING 234 00:30:44,709 --> 00:30:49,380 FILM OF ALL TIME. IT WASN'T A SURE BET. GRETA GERWIG, LIKE "BARBIE'S" PERMANENTLY ARCHED FEET -- 235 00:30:49,447 --> 00:30:57,789 PULLED OFF AN ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE BALANCING ACT: >> I AM ONLY YOUR FAVORITE WOMAN OF ALL TIME...BARBIE! 236 00:30:57,855 --> 00:31:05,196 >> GIVING VOICE TO THE ICONIC DOLL AND HER FIERCEST CRITICS. >> YOU'VE BEEN MAKING WOMEN FEEL BAD ABOUT THEMSELVES SINCE YOU 237 00:31:05,263 --> 00:31:10,468 WERE INVENTED. >> YOU'RE WRITING A MOVIE FOR PEOPLE THAT LOVE "BARBIE." YOU'RE WRITING A MOVIE FOR 238 00:31:10,535 --> 00:31:15,206 PEOPLE WHO, MAYBE, DON'T LOVE BARBIE. IT FEELS LIKE A HORNET'S NEST. >> YEAH. 239 00:31:15,273 --> 00:31:22,046 THERE WERE LOTS OF QUESTIONS ABOUT, LIKE, "SHOULD WE BE SAYING THIS OR WALKING INTO THIS STUFF," OR -- BUT MY FEELING WAS 240 00:31:22,113 --> 00:31:29,954 PEOPLE ALREADY KNOW IT'S A HORNET'S NEST. WE CANNOT MAKE SOMETHING THAT PRETENDS TO BE OTHER THAN THAT. 241 00:31:30,021 --> 00:31:37,795 >> CAN YOU CONTROL YOUR HAIR? >> IT WAS BARBIE HERSELF, ACTRESS MARGOT ROBBIE, WHO BROUGHT GERWIG INTO THE FOLD. 242 00:31:37,862 --> 00:31:42,066 >> BARBIE, DAY ONE. >> ROBBIE BOUGHT THE RIGHTS TO MAKE A BARBIE MOVIE AND ASKED GERWIG TO WRITE IT. 243 00:31:42,133 --> 00:31:48,906 SHE AGREED AND SIGNED UP HER PARTNER IN WORK AND LIFE, FILMMAKER NOAH BAUMBACH BUT NEGLECTED TO TELL HIM. 244 00:31:48,973 --> 00:31:56,781 HE LEARNED ABOUT IT FROM A HEADLINE. >> I THINK I SAID, WE'RE WRITING A MOVIE CALLED 245 00:31:56,848 --> 00:32:01,519 "BARBIE." >> YEAH, I SAID, "OOH, WHOOPS." [ LAUGHTER ] >> I COULDN'T EVEN FATHOM IT. 246 00:32:01,586 --> 00:32:06,858 [ LAUGHTER ] >> WELL, I MEAN, HIS ISSUE WITH IT WAS THAT THERE WAS NO CHARACTER AND THERE WAS NO 247 00:32:06,924 --> 00:32:12,130 STORY. >> WELL, I DON'T -- I DIDN'T MIND THAT SO MUCH AS THAT -- >> YOU DID. 248 00:32:12,196 --> 00:32:18,403 >> -- YOU KNOW, THAT IT WAS "BARBIE." >> YOU TOLD ME, "THERE'S NO CHARACTER AND THERE'S NO STORY." 249 00:32:18,469 --> 00:32:22,106 [ LAUGHTER ] >> WAIT. ISN'T BARBIE A CHARACTER? >> NO. 250 00:32:22,173 --> 00:32:26,844 >> NO, SHE -- >> SHE DOESN'T HAVE, LIKE, A PERSONALITY -- [ LAUGHTER ] 251 00:32:26,911 --> 00:32:31,716 >> IT'S A DOLL. [ LAUGHTER ] AND THEN WHEN I FOUND OUT WE WERE DOING IT, SORT OF ACTIVELY 252 00:32:31,783 --> 00:32:35,753 [ LAUGHTER ] TRIED TO GET US OUT OF IT. AND THEN -- >> DID YOU ACTUALLY TRY TO GET 253 00:32:35,820 --> 00:32:42,093 OUT OF IT? >> YEAH. >> I MADE -- I MADE SOME CALLS. AND THEN -- 254 00:32:42,160 --> 00:32:46,831 >> IT DIDN'T WORK? [ LAUGHTER ] >> NO -- BECAUSE GRETA WAS PERSISTENT AND GRETA SAW 255 00:32:46,898 --> 00:32:51,035 SOMETHING. >> I DID. >> GRETA, WHAT WAS IT YOU SAW? >> YOU KNOW, BARBIE'S BEEN 256 00:32:51,102 --> 00:32:54,772 AROUND SINCE 1959, AND EVERYONE KNOWS WHO SHE IS, AND EVERYONE HAS AN OPINION, AND SHE'S RUN THE GAMUT OF BEING AHEAD OF 257 00:32:54,839 --> 00:32:58,943 TIME, BEHIND TIME. SHE'S A HERO, SHE'S A VILLAIN. >> HI, BARBIE. >> TOGETHER THEY CREATED THEIR 258 00:32:59,010 --> 00:33:03,748 VISION OF BARBIE LAND, A FEMINIST UTOPIA. WHERE EVERY WOMAN IS BARBIE. >> HI, BARBIE. 259 00:33:03,815 --> 00:33:07,952 HI, BARBIE, HI, BARBIE. HI, BARBIE. HI, KEN. >> AND EVERY KEN IS JUST AN 260 00:33:08,019 --> 00:33:12,690 ACCESSORY. >> IT'S BARBIE'S DREAMHOUSE, IT'S NOT KEN'S DREAM HOUSE, RIGHT? 261 00:33:12,757 --> 00:33:16,894 >> HAHA, RIGHT AS ALWAYS. >> BUT AN EXISTENTIAL CRISIS IN BARBIE LAND. >> DO YOU GUYS EVER THINK ABOUT 262 00:33:16,961 --> 00:33:21,199 DYING? >> SENDS BARBIE AND KEN INTO THE REAL WORLD. >> I FEEL WHAT CAN ONLY BE 263 00:33:21,265 --> 00:33:25,336 DESCRIBED AS ADMIRED BUT NOT OGLED. AND THERE'S NO UNDERTONE OF VIOLENCE. 264 00:33:25,403 --> 00:33:30,041 >> MINE VERY MUCH AS AN UNDERTONE OF VIOLENCE. >> KEN WANDERS OFF... >> NOT WORRIED ABOUT IT. 265 00:33:30,108 --> 00:33:34,812 NOT NOW, MARGARET. LET'S SHAKE ON THIS. >> DISCOVERS PATRIARCHY - AND LIKES IT. 266 00:33:34,879 --> 00:33:39,016 >> THERE WERE PEOPLE THAT CAME OUT AFTER THE MOVIE AND SAID, "OH, THIS MOVIE IS ANTI-MAN." >> THE MOVIE IS MEANT TO BE A 267 00:33:39,083 --> 00:33:44,789 BIG-HEARTED THING, EVEN THOUGH IT'S POKING FUN AT EVERYONE. BUT I HAD THIS -- BUT THIS IS -- BUT I PLANNED THIS IN MY HEAD. 268 00:33:44,856 --> 00:33:54,265 I'LL JUST SAY IT. >> OKAY. >> BUT I THOUGHT, "WELL, THIS IS NOT MAN-HATING ANY MORE THAN 269 00:33:54,332 --> 00:34:02,206 ARISTOPHANE'S "LYSISTRATA" WAS MAN-HATING," WHICH IS -- DOES NOT SOUND LIKE A SICK BURN WHEN YOU SAY IT OUT LOUD LIKE 270 00:34:02,273 --> 00:34:06,944 THAT. >> THAT'LL TEACH 'EM. >> GERWIG INVOKED A GREEK PLAYWRIGHT TO DEFEND BARBIE. 271 00:34:07,011 --> 00:34:12,183 WE NOTICED HER MIND SEEMS TO PERCOLATE WITH LITERARY REFERENCES. BAUMBACH'S TAKE ON THE BARBIE 272 00:34:12,250 --> 00:34:19,023 BACKLASH WAS SIMPLER. >> I FELT MEN COULD TAKE IT. I MEAN, T -- COME ON. >> I MEAN THIS SOUNDS SO SILLY 273 00:34:19,090 --> 00:34:25,329 TO SAY OUT LOUD, BUT I LOVE KEN. WE LOVE KEN. WE ALSO TAKE KEN'S POSITION QUITE SERIOUSLY. 274 00:34:25,396 --> 00:34:32,703 >> ABSOLUTELY. >> I THINK, LIKE, HE HAS NO IDENTITY OUTSIDE OF HER. >> GERWIG AND BAUMBACH LIVE IN 275 00:34:32,770 --> 00:34:37,975 NEW YORK AND WROTE THE SCREENPLAY AT HOME DURING THE PANDEMIC. >> WERE YOU ENTERTAINING EACH 276 00:34:38,042 --> 00:34:43,314 OTHER? >> YES. >> YEAH. I MEAN, IT KIND OF KEPT US SANE. 277 00:34:43,381 --> 00:34:47,485 >> I'LL SEE YOU ON THE MALIBU BEACH... >> OR THE INSANITY WENT INTO THE MOVIE. 278 00:34:47,552 --> 00:34:53,758 THEY TOLD US THE FINAL CUT -- WHICH AT TIMES LOOKS LIKE A COVID FEVER DREAM -- IS VERY CLOSE TO THE SCRIPT THEY 279 00:34:53,825 --> 00:35:00,064 SUBMITTED TO MATTEL. THE TOYMAKER, THEY SAY, WAS SURPRISINGLY HANDS OFF, BUT HAD NOTES. 280 00:35:00,131 --> 00:35:08,072 >> ONE OF THE NOTES WAS, "ON PAGE 112, DOES A MATTEL EXECUTIVE HAVE TO BE SHOT?" >> I GOT SHOT. 281 00:35:08,139 --> 00:35:12,810 >> AND I FELT LIKE THAT WAS EXCITING. WE KNEW WE WERE ONTO SOMETHING. >> WE FELT LIKE WE MIGHT AS WELL 282 00:35:12,877 --> 00:35:19,517 GO FOR BROKE. THEY'RE ALREADY NOT MAKING MOVIES. >> YOU THOUGHT IT MIGHT NOT EVER 283 00:35:19,584 --> 00:35:22,854 GET MADE? YEAH. >> YEAH. OH, NO. 284 00:35:22,920 --> 00:35:27,592 WE THOUGHT IT MIGHT NEVER GET MADE. >> AND SHE SAYS SHE NEVER DREAMED -- SHE'D BE THE ONE WHO 285 00:35:27,658 --> 00:35:32,330 ENDED UP DIRECTING IT. GRETA GERWIG GREW UP IN SACRAMENTO AND FELL IN LOVE WITH COMMUNITY THEATER IN GRADE 286 00:35:32,396 --> 00:35:37,068 SCHOOL. SHE TOOK UP DANCING, THEN ACTING. >> DID YOU KNOW YOU WOULD END UP 287 00:35:37,134 --> 00:35:45,343 IN NEW YORK? >> I -- I WANTED TO BE IN NEW YORK, BUT I JUST DIDN'T KNOW THAT I -- IT WAS POSSIBLE. 288 00:35:45,409 --> 00:35:53,117 I MEAN, IT FELT EXTREMELY FAR AWAY, AND EXPENSIVE. >> SHE ATTENDED BARNARD COLLEGE, PERFORMED IN SCHOOL PRODUCTIONS. 289 00:35:53,184 --> 00:35:57,355 THEN, FELL IN WITH A GROUP OF LOW-BUDGET FILMMAKERS -- BEFORE SETTING HER SIGHTS ON A WIDER AUDIENCE. 290 00:35:57,421 --> 00:36:04,262 >> I REMEMBER I WALKED INTO A CASTING DIRECTOR'S OFFICE. IT WAS, SORT OF, THE HEYDAY OF, LIKE -- JUST A CERTAIN LOOK ON 291 00:36:04,328 --> 00:36:11,135 NETWORK TELEVISION, WHICH I WAS NEVER VERY GOOD AT DOING. I DON'T KNOW WHY. BUT I WAS WEARING OVERALLS. 292 00:36:11,202 --> 00:36:16,841 AND I REMEMBER THEY -- >> A BOLD CHOICE. >> SHE LOOKED UP AND GOES, "YOU MUST BE VERY TALENTED." 293 00:36:16,908 --> 00:36:22,246 ♪ >> SHE LANDED ROLES IN MORE THAN A DOZEN MOVIES. SOME SHE HELPED WRITE. 294 00:36:22,313 --> 00:36:28,553 THEN, GRETA GERWIG MADE THE BIGGEST LEAP OF HER CAREER FROM INDIE DARLING...TO BREAKOUT DIRECTOR WITH "LADY BIRD." 295 00:36:28,619 --> 00:36:33,291 >> CUT. GREAT. THAT WAS GREAT. LET'S PARTY. 296 00:36:33,357 --> 00:36:39,530 >> GERWIG WROTE THE COMING-OF-AGE STORY ABOUT THE COMPLICATED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A MOTHER AND DAUGHTER. 297 00:36:39,597 --> 00:36:46,437 >> YOU SHOULD JUST GO TO CITY COLLEGE. YOU KNOW, WITH YOUR WORK ETHIC JUST GO TO CITY COLLEGE, AND 298 00:36:46,504 --> 00:36:51,208 THEN TO JAIL AND THEN BACK TO CITY COLLEGE. AND THEN MAYBE YOU'D LEARN TO PULL YOURSELF UP AND NOT EXPECT 299 00:36:51,275 --> 00:36:56,447 EVERYBODY TO DO EVERYTHING... >> THE SCENE WHERE SHE JUMPS OUT OF THE CAR, WAS THAT YOUR DIRECTION? 300 00:36:56,514 --> 00:37:02,320 >> I WANT YOU TO, WITHOUT EVEN THINKING ABOUT IT, JUST -- JUST HURL YOURSELF OUT OF THIS CA -- LIKE, I WANT IT TO BE ALMOST 301 00:37:02,386 --> 00:37:07,024 LIKE YOU'VE ACTED BEFORE YOU'VE THOUGHT THROUGH COMPLETELY WHAT THE RESULT OF THIS IS GOING TO BE. 302 00:37:07,091 --> 00:37:14,398 >> YES. >> GERWIG'S FEARLESS APPROACH...EARNED THE THEN 34-YEAR-OLD, TWO OSCAR 303 00:37:14,465 --> 00:37:19,637 NOMINATIONS. TWO YEARS LATER, SHE GOT A THIRD NOMINATION...FOR HER 2019 ADAPTATION OF LITTLE WOMEN. 304 00:37:19,704 --> 00:37:27,445 >> I AM SO SICK OF PEOPLE SAYING THAT -- THAT LOVE IS JUST ALL A WOMAN IS FIT FOR. I AM SO SICK OF IT. 305 00:37:27,511 --> 00:37:41,192 >> THEN, CAME BARBIE...WITH A BUDGET MORE THAN TEN TIMES THAT OF LADY BIRD. OF LADY BIRD. 306 00:37:41,258 --> 00:37:46,464 >> HERE. YOU GO, YOU GO. >> THANK YOU. >> LAST MONTH, AT A THEATER IN 307 00:37:46,530 --> 00:37:50,635 NEW YORK, GERWIG SHOWED US SOME OF THE OLD MUSICALS THAT INSPIRED HER... >> BURN THE BLUE. 308 00:37:50,701 --> 00:37:54,839 >> 1957'S FUNNY FACE. >> LOOK AT THE WAY THEY'RE STANDING. THAT'S NOT HUMANS, LIKE, THOSE 309 00:37:54,905 --> 00:37:59,076 ARE DANCERS. THAT'S WHAT I WANTED ALL THE BARBIES AND KENS TO LOOK LIKE. >> BARBIE HAS THAT TECHNICOLOR 310 00:37:59,143 --> 00:38:02,813 SOUNDSTAGE LOOK BECAUSE GERWIG CONVINCED THE STUDIO TO BUILD ONE. COMPLETE WITH A PAINTED SKY AND 311 00:38:02,880 --> 00:38:09,687 BACKDROP TO GIVE THE MOVIE A 2D EFFECT. >> BASICALLY, THE FOREGROUND IS -- THAT'S ON A TREADMILL. 312 00:38:09,754 --> 00:38:19,630 SO THAT'S GOING LIKE THIS TO CREATE MOVEMENT. AND THEN THE LINES ON THE ROAD ARE BEING PULLED BY A PERSON 313 00:38:19,697 --> 00:38:23,300 BEHIND IT. AND IT'S ABOUT SHOWING THE WORK. I WANTED TO SEE THAT IT WAS AUTHENTICALLY ARTIFICIAL. 314 00:38:23,367 --> 00:38:29,106 REALLY FAKE. IT'S ABOUT KIDS. IT'S ABOUT PLAYING WITH TOYS. THE LANGUAGE OF PLAY HAS TO BE 315 00:38:29,173 --> 00:38:36,480 PART OF IT. >> I'M JUST KEN. ANYWHERE ELSE I'D BE A TEN. >> WE SHOT THIS WHOLE THING IN 316 00:38:36,547 --> 00:38:42,253 ONE DAY. WE HAD ONE DAY TO GET IT. THEY WERE, LIKE, IF YOU REALLY WANT THIS DREAM BALLET, YOU'RE 317 00:38:42,319 --> 00:38:51,228 GOING TO GET ONE DAY. >> WHAT WILL IT TAKE FOR HER TO SEE THE MAN BEHIND THE TEN AND FIGHT FOR ME... 318 00:38:51,295 --> 00:38:57,535 >> AS YOU SIT HERE IN THE THEATER TODAY, IT'S STILL AMAZING TO YOU? >> YEAH. 319 00:38:57,601 --> 00:39:03,374 I MEAN, HONESTLY, THE WHOLE MOVIE, WHEN I WATCH IT, I -- I STILL CAN'T BELIEVE ANYBODY LET ME DO THIS. 320 00:39:03,441 --> 00:39:07,578 [ LAUGHTER ] >> I'M JUST HAVING SOME BREWSKI BEERS IN MY MOJO DOJO CASA HOUSE. 321 00:39:07,645 --> 00:39:13,851 >> GERWIG SAYS THEY WROTE THE ROLE OF KEN SPECIFICALLY FOR RYAN GOSLING. >> DID YOU KNOW HIM? 322 00:39:13,918 --> 00:39:17,555 >> NO. >> I'D NEVER MET HIM. >> I MEAN, YOU WROTE HIS NAME, RYAN, IN THE SCRIPT? 323 00:39:17,621 --> 00:39:24,895 >> YES. IT SAID, "KEN: RYAN GOSLING." >> IT WAS HIS FULL NAME. WE JUST PUT HIS WHOLE NAME IN 324 00:39:24,962 --> 00:39:28,599 THE WHOLE TIME. >> IT WAS A LOT TO TYPE ALL THE TIME. [ LAUGHTER ] 325 00:39:28,666 --> 00:39:33,571 >> DID HE INSTANTLY SAY, LIKE, "YES, I'M KEN"? >> I BASICALLY WAS LIKE, "LISTEN, WE'VE SEEN THE FUTURE. 326 00:39:33,637 --> 00:39:37,541 YOU'RE IN IT, AND YOU'RE KEN." >> HANG AROUND WITH GRETA GERWIG LONG ENOUGH...AND A PATTERN EMERGES. 327 00:39:37,608 --> 00:39:41,278 >> NOW YOU'RE GOING TO SEE HOW I GET PEOPLE TO DO THINGS. >> SHE HAS A WAY OF COAXING PEOPLE OUT OF THEIR COMFORT 328 00:39:41,345 --> 00:39:45,449 ZONES. AT A DANCE STUDIO IN MIDTOWN MANHATTAN... >> WHY DON'T YOU JUST COME TRY 329 00:39:45,516 --> 00:39:50,154 IT, THOUGH. JUST COME TRY IT. >> ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR. >> GERWIG DIRECTED ME TO JOIN 330 00:39:50,221 --> 00:39:55,459 HER AS SHE GOT BACK INTO THE SWING OF ONE OF HER FIRST LOVES, TAPDANCING. ♪ PARADIDDLE, PARADIDDLE, 331 00:39:55,526 --> 00:40:00,197 PARADIDDLE ♪ ♪ STAMP ♪ >> THIS IS ACTUALLY A PROUSTIAN MOMENT. 332 00:40:00,264 --> 00:40:06,537 [ LAUGHTER ] >> A PROUSTIAN MOMENT, DURING SOMETHING CALLED A PARADIDDLE. THE ONLY THING TO DO WAS STEP 333 00:40:06,604 --> 00:40:12,309 ASIDE. >> ONE MORE TIME, ONE MORE TIME, WHY IS THE TIMING, MY TIMING OFF? 334 00:40:12,376 --> 00:40:16,514 YOU WANT TO DO IT AGAIN? WE'LL JUST DO IT AGAIN. >> YOU'RE A BIT OF A PERFECTIONIST? 335 00:40:16,580 --> 00:40:21,252 >> I GUESS SO, YES. >> BUT YOU'RE, LIKE, ANOTHER TAKE, ANOTHER TAKE, ANOTHER TAKE. 336 00:40:21,318 --> 00:40:31,228 >> YEAH, YEAH, OF COURSE, YEAH. >> I'M NOT GOOD ENOUGH. >> ON THE SET OF BARBIE, GERWIG DIRECTED NEARLY 50 TAKES OF THIS 337 00:40:31,295 --> 00:40:37,001 SCENE WITH AMERICA FERRERA, WHO PLAYS A MATTEL ASSISTANT AND MOTHER. >> IT IS LITERALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO 338 00:40:37,067 --> 00:40:42,606 BE A WOMAN. >> SOUL-BARING MONOLOGUES, PENNED BY GERWIG, AREA A STAPLE OF HER FILMS. 339 00:40:42,673 --> 00:40:47,845 THE WRITER'S VERSION OF A GUITAR SOLO. >> YOU'RE SUPPOSED TO BE PART OF THE SISTERHOOD, BUT ALWAYS STAND 340 00:40:47,912 --> 00:40:53,317 OUT AND ALWAYS BE GRATEFUL, BUT NEVER FORGET THAT THE SYSTEM IS RIGGED SO FIND A WAY TO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT BUT ALSO ALWAYS 341 00:40:53,384 --> 00:41:01,192 BE GRATEFUL. >> GRETA WILL GO INTO SOME MONOLOGUE MODE, IT'S KIND OF ALMOST PHYSICAL. 342 00:41:01,258 --> 00:41:07,565 LIKE, SHE GOES IN AND SHE JUST, LIKE -- AND KIND OF, LIKE, DOING A THING AND, LIKE, YOU KNOW, IT'S LIKE JOE COCKER OR 343 00:41:07,631 --> 00:41:13,337 SOMETHING. [ LAUGHTER ] IT'S LIKE -- AND THEN SHE HANDS IT OVER. 344 00:41:13,404 --> 00:41:17,041 AND -- AND IT'S GREAT. >> NEXT, GERWIG IS TAKING ON A BIG FRANCHISE. SHE'S DIRECTING AND WRITING TWO 345 00:41:17,107 --> 00:41:22,179 CHRONICLES OF NARNIA MOVIES. SHE CONFESSED PUTTING HER STAMP ON THE BELOVED C.S. LEWIS CLASSICS IS GIVING HER 346 00:41:22,246 --> 00:41:30,721 NIGHTMARES. >> YEAH, WHENEVER I'M STUCK, I GO FOR WALKS -- >> DO YOU GET -- 347 00:41:30,788 --> 00:41:36,060 >> -- WHICH IS MOST OF THE TIME >> DO YOU GET STUCK? >> THAT'S ALL I'VE BEEN -- >> I FEEL LIKE IT'S FLOWING OUT 348 00:41:36,126 --> 00:41:39,663 OF YOU -- >> THAT'S ALL I DO. I ONLY GET STUCK. THAT'S ALL I RE -- THAT'S WHY 349 00:41:39,730 --> 00:41:43,868 I'M ALWAYS GOING ON WALKS. >> WHATEVER SHE'S DOING, IT'S PAYING OFF. GRETA GERWIG IS THE FIRST WOMAN 350 00:41:43,934 --> 00:41:50,241 TO SOLO-DIRECT A BILLION-DOLLAR MOVIE...AN IDEA THAT ONCE SEEMED AS FAR-FETCHED AS BARBIE IN BIRKENSTOCKS. 351 00:41:56,380 --> 00:42:02,152 >> WILL THERE BE A KEN MOVIE? >> WE HAD WAY TOO MUCH MATERIAL FOR KEN. WE WOULD WRITE AND WRITE AND 352 00:42:02,219 --> 00:42:07,458 WRITE. >> DON'T GIVE IT AWAY BECAUSE WE MIGHT UNITED HEALTH CARE. 353 00:42:07,524 --> 00:42:17,201 THERE FOR WHAT MATTERS. >>> NOW, AN UPDATE ON A STORY FROM OCTOBER. LESLEY STAHL REPORTED FROM 354 00:42:17,268 --> 00:42:23,507 ISRAEL ABOUT THE RESCUE OF A FAMILY AT A KIBBUTZ DURING THE HAMAS INVASION AND MASSACRE. WE ALSO SAW THEIR NEIGHBORS -- 355 00:42:23,574 --> 00:42:31,916 SHOWN IN THIS HAMAS-SHOT VIDEO -- CAPTURED AND TERRORIZED. WHILE THIS FATHER, HIS COMPANION 356 00:42:31,982 --> 00:42:40,624 AND HER SON WERE ALL KILLED, TWO YOUNG SISTERS WERE TAKEN HOSTAGE AND HELD IN GAZA. LAST SUNDAY, AS PART OF THE 357 00:42:40,691 --> 00:42:47,464 U.S.-BROKERED TEMPORARY CEASE-FIRE, AND HOSTAGE RELEASE, THOSE SISTERS, 8-YEAR-OLD ELLA AND 15-YEAR-OLD DAFNA ELYAKIM 358 00:42:47,531 --> 00:42:54,305 TEARFULLY WERE REUNITED WITH THEIR MOTHER. I'M BILL WHITAKER. WE'LL BE BACK NEXT WEEK WITH 359 00:42:54,371 --> 00:43:04,748 ANOTHER EDITION OF "60 MINUTES." >>> HOW SOME AMERICANS' RIGHT TO