1 00:00:03,970 --> 00:00:16,182 SNEAK-END. >>> WHAT IS NEW YORK CITY WITHOUT ITS SKYLINE? MONUMENTS TO COMMERCE STANDING 2 00:00:16,249 --> 00:00:22,522 PROUDLY SHOULDER TO SHOULDER. MORE OFFICE SPACE THAN ANY CITY IN THE WORLD. BUT PEEK INSIDE ALL THIS 3 00:00:22,589 --> 00:00:29,229 VERTICAL REAL ESTATE, AND THERE'S A FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION. WHERE IS EVERYONE? MORE THAN 95 MILLION SQUARE FEET 4 00:00:29,295 --> 00:00:36,269 OF NEW YORK OFFICE SPACE CURRENTLY UNOCCUPIED. THE EQUIVALENT OF 30 EMPIRE STATE BUILDINGS. 5 00:00:36,336 --> 00:00:42,842 >> I THINK THIS IS AN EXISTENTIAL MOMENT. YOU KNOW, I CAUTION THE CHASM. >> WHAT'S THE CHASM 6 00:00:42,909 --> 00:00:49,949 SPECIFICALLY? >> THIS POST-COVID WORLD OF HIGHER INTEREST RATES, THE CHANGING NATURE OF HOW PEOPLE 7 00:00:50,016 --> 00:00:52,752 WORK AND LIVE. WE'RE NOT GOING BACK TO WHERE WE WERE. IT'S A DIFFERENT WORLD, AND IT'S 8 00:00:52,819 --> 00:01:01,127 GOING TO BE TURBULENT. >>> MOST AMERICAN FAMILIES KNOW SOMEONE WHO'S BEEN AF FLIKTED WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE OR THE 9 00:01:01,194 --> 00:01:08,301 SCOURGE OF ADDICTION. TONIGHT WE WILL SHOW YOU RESEARCH THAT IS BEING DONE ON BOTH AND INTRODUCE YOU TO THE 10 00:01:08,368 --> 00:01:14,574 PIONEERING NEUROSCIENTIST WHO ALLOWED US TO FOLLOW HIS STARTLING PROGRESS. >> OKAY, READY. 11 00:01:14,641 --> 00:01:22,081 HERE WE GO. >> THERE'S ALWAYS RISK. BUT YOU CANNOT ADVANCE AND MAKE DISCOVERIES WITHOUT RISK. 12 00:01:22,148 --> 00:01:29,923 BUT WE NEED TO PUSH FORWARD AND TAKE THE RISK BECAUSE PEOPLE WITH ADDICTION AND ALZHEIMER'S, IT'S NOT GOING AWAY. 13 00:01:29,989 --> 00:01:40,133 IT'S HERE. SO, WHY WAIT 10, 20 YEARS? DO IT NOW. >>> I'M LESLEY STAHL? 14 00:01:40,200 --> 00:01:45,138 >> I'M BILL WHITAKER. >> I'M SHARON AL FONZIE. >> I'M CECILIA VEGA. >> I'M NORAH O'DONNELL. 15 00:01:45,205 --> 00:01:59,352 >> I'M SCOTT PELLEY. THOSE STORIES AND MORE TONIGHT >>> LOOKING FOR SIGNS THE U.S. ECONOMY CAN CONTINUE TO STAVE 16 00:01:59,419 --> 00:02:05,425 OFF A RECESSION? AVERT YOUR GAZE FROM COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE. CITY OFFICE BUILDINGS ARE IN 17 00:02:05,492 --> 00:02:12,198 TROUBLE. FOR A CENTURY, THE TOWERS HAVE BEEN PROPPED UP BY TWO PILLARS. ONE, WORKERS FILLING THE 18 00:02:12,265 --> 00:02:21,608 BUILDINGS ALL WEEK, TWO, MONEY FLOWING FREELY IN THE FORM OF LOANS TO BORROW, BUY, AND BUILD. THOSE DAYS ARE OVER. 19 00:02:21,674 --> 00:02:28,248 AS HYBRID WORK HARDENS FROM TREND TO NEW NORMAL, INTEREST RATES HAVE SPIKED TO HISTORIC HIGHS. 20 00:02:28,314 --> 00:02:36,689 AND NOW THE MORTGAGE COMES DUE. $1.5 TRILLION IN COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE LOANS EXPIRE IN THE NEXT TWO YEARS. 21 00:02:36,756 --> 00:02:43,563 IT'S ENOUGH TO MAKE YOU RETHINK THE FUTURE OF CITIES. WE CRISSCROSS MANHATTAN TALKING TO PLAYERS BIG AND SMALL ABOUT A 22 00:02:43,630 --> 00:02:48,434 SECTOR ROCKED TO ITS FOUNDATIONS. WHAT IS NEW YORK CITY WITHOUT ITS SKYLINE? 23 00:02:48,501 --> 00:02:55,308 MONUMENTS TO COMMERCE STANDING PROUDLY SHOULDER TO SHOULDER. MORE OFFICE SPACE THAN ANY CITY IN THE WORLD. 24 00:02:55,375 --> 00:03:01,981 BUT PEEK INSIDE ALL THIS VERTICAL REAL ESTATE, AND THERE'S A FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION. WHERE IS EVERYONE? 25 00:03:02,048 --> 00:03:10,623 MORE THAN 95 MILLION SQUARE FEET OF NEW YORK OFFICE SPACE CURRENTLY UNOCCUPIED, THE EQUIVALENT OF 30 EMPIRE STATE 26 00:03:10,690 --> 00:03:16,329 BUILDINGS. >> THIS BUILDING HAD A LOT OF LAW FIRMS. >> Reporter: SCOTT RECK LETTER 27 00:03:16,396 --> 00:03:25,405 IS CEO OF RXR, A NEW YORK REAL ESTATE COMPANY WITH MORE THAN $20 BILLION IN HOLDINGS. WE WALKED THROUGH HIS PROPERTY 28 00:03:25,471 --> 00:03:31,010 ON WALL STREET. EVERY OTHER FLOOR, HALF THE BUILDING, LIES EMPTY. >> I THINK THIS IS AN 29 00:03:31,077 --> 00:03:35,481 EXISTENTIAL MOMENT. I CALL CAUTION TO CHASM. >> WHAT'S THE CHASM SPECIFICALLY? 30 00:03:35,548 --> 00:03:42,655 >> THIS POSTCOVID WORLD OF CHANGING NATURE OF THE WAY PEOPLE LIVE AND WORK. IT'S A DIFFERENT WORLD AND IT'S 31 00:03:42,722 --> 00:03:46,993 GOING TO BE TURBULENT. >> Reporter: IT ALREADY IS. THE RETURN TO OFFICE HAS STALLED OUT. 32 00:03:47,060 --> 00:03:55,368 FRIDAYS ARE DEAD. MONDAYS AREN'T MUCH BUSIER. AS TENANTS SHRINK THEIR OFFICE FOOTPRINT, OFFICE LANDLORDS ARE 33 00:03:55,435 --> 00:04:04,510 CONFRONTING THE FACT THAT SOME OF THEIR BUILDINGS HAVE BECOME OBSOLETE, IF NOT WORTHLESS. EVER THE PRAGMATIST, WRECKLER 34 00:04:04,577 --> 00:04:12,785 DECIDED TO NOT THROW GOOD MONEY AFTER BAD AND DEFAULTED TO HIS BANK ON A $250 MILLION LOAN. >> I CAN SEE PEOPLE SAYING, 35 00:04:12,852 --> 00:04:19,859 THAT'S A LOT OF MONEY. HOW DID HE SLEEP LAST NIGHT? >> WE INVEST A LOT OF EQUITY. IF IT WORKS, WE MAKE A LOT OF 36 00:04:19,926 --> 00:04:24,330 MONEY. IF IT DOESN'T WORK, THE LENDER CAN TAKE OVER THE BUILDING. YOU'VE GOT TO FACE REDWRAL. 37 00:04:24,397 --> 00:04:32,438 >> THE REALITY IS THE PRICE OF OFFICE BUILDING IS TANKING, AS MUCH AS 40% SINCE THE PANDEMIC. UPTOWN AT COLUMBIA BUSINESS 38 00:04:32,505 --> 00:04:39,746 SCHOOL, STAN VAN -- A PROFESSOR OF REAL ESTATE HAS MODELLED OUT THE IMPACT OF HYBRID WORK ON PRICING AND CALLS IT A TRAIN 39 00:04:39,812 --> 00:04:44,884 WRECK IN SLOW MOTION. >> THIS IS JUST THE BEGINNING. THE REASON IT'S JUST THE BEGINNING IS BECAUSE THERE'S A 40 00:04:44,951 --> 00:04:51,090 LOT OF OFFICE TENANTS THAT HAVE NOT HAD TO MAKE AN ACTIVE SPACE DECISION YET. DO I WANT TO RENEW THE SPACE? 41 00:04:51,157 --> 00:04:56,929 DO I WANT TO VACATE? MAYBE A SIGN A NEW LEASE FOR HALF AS MUCH SPACE. THIS IS WHAT TENANTS HAVE BEEN 42 00:04:56,996 --> 00:05:04,003 DOING FOR THE LAST THREE YEARS. WHEN YOU TAKE ALL OF THOSE CURRENT AND FUTURE DECLINING OF CASH FLOWS INTO ACCOUNT, WE END 43 00:05:04,070 --> 00:05:09,942 UP WITH A 40% REDUCTION IN THE VALUE OF THESE OFFICES. >> Reporter: CONSIDER THIS OFFICE BUILDING NEAR PENN 44 00:05:10,009 --> 00:05:20,553 STATION, ONE OF A HANDFUL OF SALES IN THE CITY LAST FALL. BUILT IN 1920 AND SHOWING ITS AGE, EIGHT EMPTY FLOORS WITH A 45 00:05:20,620 --> 00:05:29,562 99 CENT STORE. REAL ESTATE PARTNERS TONY PARK AND ILHAN TOLD US THEY'VE BEEN EYEING THAT BUILDING FOR YEARS 46 00:05:29,629 --> 00:05:36,102 AND PRE-PANDEMIC OFFERED THE OWNER $80 MILLION. THEY DIDN'T GET VERY FAR. >> HE DOESN'T ANSWER. 47 00:05:36,169 --> 00:05:39,405 >> HE DIDN'T ANSWER YOU? >> HE DOESN'T ANSWER. WE DIDN'T HAVE HIS ATTENTION AT ALL. 48 00:05:39,472 --> 00:05:44,310 >> WHAT DO YOU THINK HAPPENED? >> THE WHOLE BUILDING IS NOW EMPTY. >> Reporter: IN SEPTEMBER THEY 49 00:05:44,377 --> 00:05:50,249 GOT THE BUILDING FOR LESS THAN HALF THEIR ORIGINAL OFFER. AND THEY HAVE PLANS TO CONVERT THE PLACE. 50 00:05:50,316 --> 00:05:54,153 >> DID YOU EVER THINK OF JUST KEEPING IT AS AN OFFICE BUILDING? >> NO. 51 00:05:54,220 --> 00:05:57,623 >> NEVER. >> YOU LAUGH. >> ANYTHING THAT IS NOT AN OFFICE. 52 00:05:57,690 --> 00:06:03,896 >> ANYTHING THAT IS NOT AN OFFICE. >> GOOD MORNING. >> Reporter: SO MUCH FOR THE 53 00:06:03,963 --> 00:06:11,070 PRESTIGE HOLLYWOOD HAS FOR DECADES CONFERRED ON MANHATTAN OFFICE LIFE. SUFFICE TO SAY, THEY DIDN'T SET 54 00:06:11,137 --> 00:06:15,908 "MADMEN" AND "SUCCESSION" ABOVE A 99 CENT STORE. >> IT HAS GOTTEN WEIRD. IT HAS GOTTEN VERY WEIRD. 55 00:06:15,975 --> 00:06:26,152 >> Reporter: BUT YOU MIGHT SET AN OFFICE DRAMA IN A PLACE LIKE THIS, ONE VANDERBILT, PART OF A CROP OF SO-CALLED TROPHY 56 00:06:26,219 --> 00:06:31,924 BUILDINGS. >> TO THE VERY, VERY TOP -- >> Reporter: MARK HOLIDAY IS CEO OF S.L. GREEN, NEW YORK'S 57 00:06:31,991 --> 00:06:39,866 BIGGEST OFFICE LANDLORD, ALSO THE "60 MINUTES" LANDLORD. HE TOOK US TO THE TOP OF HIS $3 BILLION SKY SKRAIPER. 58 00:06:39,932 --> 00:06:45,905 >> YOU CAN PROBABLY SEE HALFWAY TO PHILLY. >> FROM HERE THAT'S A CHIP SHOT. >> Reporter: THERE'S A VIEW, BUT 59 00:06:45,972 --> 00:06:54,213 THE BUILDING IS CONNECTED UNDERGROUND TO GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL, FOR AN EASY COMMUTE. TROPHY BUILDINGS REFLECT A 60 00:06:54,280 --> 00:07:01,420 FLIGHT TO QUALITY, CORPORATE TENANTS WITH DEEP POCKETS. THIS ONE INCLUDES TWO MICHELIN STAR RESTAURANTS. 61 00:07:01,487 --> 00:07:12,298 ALL OF IT DESIGNED TO MOTIVATE EMPLOYEES TO LEAVE THEIR HOMES. ONE VANDERBILT IS 99% OCCUPIED. A HEDGE FUND HERE, A CONSULTING 62 00:07:12,365 --> 00:07:18,538 FIRM THERE. BUT WHEN WE TALKED TO HIM IN SEPTEMBER, HOLIDAY WAS OBSESSING ABOUT OCCUPANCY ACROSS ALL OF 63 00:07:18,604 --> 00:07:24,877 S.L. GREEN'S PROPERTIES. >> WE'VE GOT WORK TO DO TO GET THERE. >> YOUR OCCUPANCY RATES NOW ARE 64 00:07:24,944 --> 00:07:30,216 89%. YOU SAID IDEALLY 92 WOULD BE GREAT. I COULD SEE PEOPLE SAYING IT'S 65 00:07:30,283 --> 00:07:35,588 TWO, THREE POINTS DIFFERENCE. WHAT'S THE BIG DEAL? >> WHEN YOU HAVE 30 MILLION SQUARE FEET LIKE WE DO, EVERY 1% 66 00:07:35,655 --> 00:07:44,397 IS A BIG DIFFERENCE. YOU KNOW, WE PRIDE OURSELVES IN KEEPING OUR OCCUPANCIES HISTORICALLY AT 95% AND ABOVE. 67 00:07:44,463 --> 00:07:49,735 >> YOU DO ACCEPT THAT WORK FROM HOME IS A FUNDAMENTAL SHIFT IN HOW WE WORK AND IT'S HERE TO STAY. 68 00:07:49,802 --> 00:07:56,008 >> IT'S ONE OF THE BIGGEST SOCIETAL PROBLEMS WE'RE FACING RIGHT NOW IS WORK FROM HOME. I THINK THAT IT'S BAD FOR 69 00:07:56,075 --> 00:08:05,184 BUSINESS, IT'S BAD FOR CITIES, IT'S BAD FOR PEOPLE. >> Reporter: IT'S ALSO BEEN BAD FOR HIS STOCK PRICE, DOWN 50% 70 00:08:05,251 --> 00:08:11,924 SINCE THE PANDEMIC. A CULTURE OF SMOOTH TALK AND SHARP ELBOWS, COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE IS A WORLD BUILT ON 71 00:08:11,991 --> 00:08:19,198 LOANS, BIG ONES, AND THE ASSUMPTION THAT THOSE LOANS WILL BE REFINANCED WITH LITTLE FRICTION EVERY FIVE TO TEN 72 00:08:19,265 --> 00:08:25,504 YEARS, NOT ANY MORE. >> THE BANK WILL LOOK AT THAT BUILDING AND SAY, I USED TO BE WILLING TO LEND YOU $80 MILLION 73 00:08:25,571 --> 00:08:30,376 AGAINST THIS BUILDING. BUT I DON'T THINK THAT BUILDING IS WORTH AS MUCH ANYMORE AS IT USED TO BE. 74 00:08:30,443 --> 00:08:36,215 MAYBE TODAY I'M ONLY WILLING TO LEND YOU $60 MILLION AGAINST THAT SAME BUILDING. AND NOW THE OFFICE OWNER HAS NO 75 00:08:36,282 --> 00:08:42,455 CHOICE TO MAKE. DO I COME OUT OF POCKET FOR THAT $20 MILLION DIFFERENCE OR DO I WALK AWAY? 76 00:08:42,521 --> 00:08:49,695 >> THE RUBBER MEETS THE ROAD WHEN IT COMES TIME TO REFINANCE. >> RIGHT. AND TO MAKE MATTERS WORSE, 77 00:08:49,762 --> 00:08:55,968 INTEREST RATES ARE HIGHER. THE COST OF THE MORTGAGE, IF YOU CAN GET ONE, WILL BE HIGHER. >> Reporter: WHAT HAPPENS WHEN 78 00:08:56,035 --> 00:09:01,674 THAT COST BECOMES TOO HIGH? >> PURSUANT TO THE TERMS OF SALE -- >> Reporter: ON THE LAWN IN 79 00:09:01,741 --> 00:09:11,417 FRONT OF A MANHATTAN COURTHOUSE, WE SAW SOMETHING YOU WON'T SEE ON A DOUBLE DECKER BUS TOUR, A MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE ON AN 80 00:09:11,484 --> 00:09:16,822 OFFICE BUILDING. HERE, NO ONE IN THE CROWD IS WILLING TO OUTBID THE BANK HOLDING THE LOAN ON THE 81 00:09:16,889 --> 00:09:22,395 BUILDING. AND IF THE BANK REP DOESN'T LOOK THRILLED, IT'S BECAUSE HE HAS AN EMPTY OFFICE BUILDING DRAGGING 82 00:09:22,461 --> 00:09:32,738 DOWN HIS BALANCE SHEETS. PROFESSOR VAN NEWERBURG HAS BEEN MEETING WITH THE FEDERAL RESERVE ON THIS POINT. 83 00:09:32,805 --> 00:09:38,878 >> COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE IS A HUGE PART OF THE BOOK OF BUSINESS OF YOUR TYPICAL BANK. I'M TALKING ABOUT THE SMALLER, 84 00:09:38,945 --> 00:09:43,549 MEDIUM SIZED, MAYBE REGIONAL BANKS. THAT IS THEIR BREAD AND BUTTER ACTIVITY. 85 00:09:43,616 --> 00:09:49,155 ABOUT 30% OF THEIR LOANS ARE COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE LOANS. AND HERE WE ARE, SORT OF, SEEING WEAKNESS IN OFFICE THAT IS 86 00:09:49,221 --> 00:09:54,026 SOMETHING LIKE WE HAVE NEVER SEEN BEFORE. AND BANKS NEED TO COME TO GRIPS WITH THAT. 87 00:09:54,093 --> 00:09:57,730 >> ARE YOU COMFORTABLE CALLING THIS A CRISIS? >> I THINK WE'RE AT THE BEGINNING. 88 00:09:57,797 --> 00:10:04,837 THERE IS A POTENTIAL CRISIS HERE. >> Reporter: IN DECEMBER, NATIONWIDE OFFICE LOAN DLING WIN 89 00:10:04,904 --> 00:10:13,579 SI RATES CROWDED 6.4%. BANKS HAVE BEEN RELUCTANT TO WRITE DOWN THOSE LOSSES. ENTER DAVID -- FROM MAVERICK 90 00:10:13,646 --> 00:10:23,389 REAL ESTATE, A FIRM HE AND HIS PARTNER FOUNDED AFTER THE 2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS. THEIR SPECIALTY, BUYING 91 00:10:23,456 --> 00:10:30,062 DISTRESSED DEBT ON THE CHEAP. HE KEEPS TABS ON THE DEBT ON EVERY BUILDING IN THE CITY. HE SAYS NEW YORK IS A WASH AND 92 00:10:30,129 --> 00:10:35,401 BILLIONS AT RISK OF NOT BEING PAID. >> WE KNOW THERE'S THIS BUILDUP OF BAD DEBT IN THE SYSTEM, BUT 93 00:10:35,468 --> 00:10:41,507 IT'S NOT BEING DEALT WITH JUST YET. AND IT'S IN LARGE PART BECAUSE THE BANKS HAVE BEEN KICKING THE 94 00:10:41,574 --> 00:10:47,380 CAN DOWN THE ROAD AS BEST THEY CAN, TRYING TO PUSH THIS OFF AS FAR AS THEY CAN. >> WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? 95 00:10:47,446 --> 00:10:56,722 >> IT MEANS THAT BANKS ARE ENTERING INTO EXTENSIONS ON A LOT OF THEIR BAD LOANS, WHICH ESSENTIALLY CHANGE THEIR 96 00:10:56,789 --> 00:11:02,762 CLASSIFICATION FROM A NON-PERFORMING LOAN, A LOAN THAT'S IN DISTRESS, TO A PERFORMING LOAN, A HEALTHY LOAN, 97 00:11:02,828 --> 00:11:08,167 EVEN THOUGH THEY HAVEN'T RECEIVED A PAYDOWN ON THE LOAN AND THE COLLATERAL VALUE ON THAT LOAN CONTINUES TO DROP. 98 00:11:08,234 --> 00:11:15,074 >> EXTEND AND PRETEND. >> THAT'S RIGHT. AND IT WORKS REALLY WELL WHEN INTEREST RATES ARE LOW BECAUSE 99 00:11:15,141 --> 00:11:22,615 THE BANKS CAN JUST KEEP THE STATUS QUO GOING. BUT ONCE RATES ARE HIGH, IT DOESN'T REALLY WORK ANYMORE. 100 00:11:22,681 --> 00:11:29,889 >> Reporter: A DOWNTURN IN REAL ESTATE MADE WORSE BY BAD LOANS, CONTAMINATING BANKS, AND POTENTIALLY THE ENTIRE ECONOMY, 101 00:11:29,955 --> 00:11:35,461 ECHOS OF THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS OF 2008 ARE HARD TO IGNORE. BUT WHETHER THE TROUBLE WITH 102 00:11:35,528 --> 00:11:43,135 OFFICE BUILDINGS ENDS IN A SIMPLE PRICING CORRECTION OR BECOMES A SYSTEMIC CRISIS, LIKELY THERE'S PAIN COMING, NOT 103 00:11:43,202 --> 00:11:53,045 JUST FOR BUILDING OWNERS AND BANKS, BUT FOR CITIES THEMSELVES. >> IN THE LONG RUN, PROPERTY 104 00:11:53,112 --> 00:12:01,620 TAXES ON THOSE BUILDINGS WILL ALSO FALL BY 40%. AND THESE COMMERCIAL TAX REVENUES ARE AN IMPORTANT PART 105 00:12:01,687 --> 00:12:06,725 OF THE BUDGET FOR GOVERNMENTS, WHICH MEANS POLICE DEPARTMENTS, TRASH COLLECTION. AND SOME PEOPLE ARE GOING TO 106 00:12:06,792 --> 00:12:13,165 DECIDE THE QUALITY OF LIFE HAS DETERIORATED TOO MUCH AND THEY WANT OUT. THAT'S WHAT WE'VE SEEN. 107 00:12:13,232 --> 00:12:24,143 IN THE LAST TEHREE YEARS, OUR LARGEST CITIES HAVE LOST 10%. WE'RE LOSING THE TAX BASE AND THE CYCLE CONTINUES. 108 00:12:24,210 --> 00:12:30,816 WE END UP IN AN URBAN DOOM LOOP. >> Reporter: THE URBAN DOOM LOOP, SOUNDS SCARY, AND IT'S MAKING 109 00:12:30,883 --> 00:12:39,325 MAKING THE ROUNDS, THREATENING CITIES BEYOND NEW YORK. DALLAS, CHICAGO, TO SAY NOTHING OF SAN FRANCISCO. 110 00:12:39,391 --> 00:12:47,533 WHY NOT CONVERT EMPTY OFFICE BUILDINGS TO APARTMENTS? SOME DEVELOPERS ARE. >> WE'RE STANDING -- 111 00:12:47,600 --> 00:12:55,741 >> Reporter: TONY PARK AND -- ARE TURNING THE 99 CENT STORE BUILDING IN 77 UNITS, RENTING AT MARKET PRICE. 112 00:12:55,808 --> 00:13:01,280 DEVELOPERS WE TALK TO SAY THEY SIMPLY CAN'T TURN A PROFIT CONVERTING TO AFFORDABLE HOUSING. 113 00:13:01,347 --> 00:13:10,122 LESS THAN HALF OF NEW YORK OFFICE SPACE IS ZONED FOR CONVERSION. AND EVEN THEN, IT'S NOT SO EASY. 114 00:13:10,189 --> 00:13:18,063 WE VISITED THIS RESIDENTIAL CONVERSION NEAR WALL STREET, WHERE DEVELOPERS FROM VAN BARTON GROUP WERE MAKING AN END RUN 115 00:13:18,130 --> 00:13:22,768 AROUND A CITY RULE THAT SAYS YOU CAN'T ADD TO EXISTING SQUARE FOOTAGE. >> WHAT IS THIS? 116 00:13:22,835 --> 00:13:29,808 >> IT'S THE VOID. >> THEY CALL THIS THE VOID, A GIANT 30-STORY STOLE THEY CUT THROUGH THE MIDDLE OF THE 117 00:13:29,875 --> 00:13:33,679 BUILDING. >> IT'S ONE OF THE TRICKS OF THE TRADE. >> Reporter: YOU TAKE THE CENTER 118 00:13:33,746 --> 00:13:39,585 SECTION OF THE OFFICE FLOOR, THE PART THAT DOESN'T GET A LOT OF LIGHT AND AIR, SEAL IT UP, AND PRESERVE THAT SQUARE FOOTAGE SO 119 00:13:39,652 --> 00:13:45,958 YOU CAN APPLY IT SOMEWHERE MORE VALUABLE, SAY, A PENT HOUSE. >> RESIDENTS MAY NOT EVEN KNOW IT'S HERE. 120 00:13:46,025 --> 00:13:51,530 >> THEY'LL NEVER KNOW. >> Reporter: MAYBE NOT. BUT THE VOID OFFERS A LARGER LESSON IN URBAN REAL ESTATE. 121 00:13:51,597 --> 00:13:56,135 WHERE THERE'S SPACE, THERE'S POTENTIAL. >> THIS WOULD BE THE TALLEST COMMERCIAL BUILDING IN THE 122 00:13:56,202 --> 00:14:02,474 WESTERN HEMISPHERE BY FLOOR. >> Reporter: FOR SCOTT, THAT MEANS DOUBLING DOWN, EVEN IN HAY DOWN MARKET. 123 00:14:02,541 --> 00:14:10,349 NEAR GRAND CENTRAL, HE'S LINED UP FINANCING TO BUILD HIS OWN TROPHY BUILDING, PART OFFICE, PART HOTEL. 124 00:14:10,416 --> 00:14:19,525 BUT THE REIMAGINING CAN AND SHOULD BE FAR MORE AMBITIOUS. A SWEEPING NEW DEAL, COMBINING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE MONEY AND 125 00:14:19,592 --> 00:14:23,762 IDEAS FOR WHAT TO DO WITH OLD OFFICE SPACE. >> IT'S NO LONGER FIT FOR PURPOSE. 126 00:14:23,829 --> 00:14:33,239 WE'VE GOT TO REDESIGN IT. MORE SPACE FOR COMMUNITIES, MORE SPACE FOR ARTISTS, MAYBE PICKET BAWL COURTS OR BASKETBALL 127 00:14:33,305 --> 00:14:38,744 COURTS. THERE'S DIFFERENT USES FOR THESE BUILDINGS, ESPECIALLY WHEN COMBINED WITH A PRICE. 128 00:14:38,811 --> 00:14:46,118 >> HE GAVES US THE TERM URBAN DOOM LOOP. HE ALSO GIVES OFF A CERTAIN OPTIMISM ABOUT -- 129 00:14:46,185 --> 00:14:51,156 >> HUMAN KIND HAS BEEN TIED TO WORK WHERE IT LIVES. WE WERE FARMING THE FARMS AND LIVED ON OUR FARMS. 130 00:14:51,223 --> 00:14:56,428 WE WERE WORKING IN THE FACTORIES AND LIVING CLOSE TO THE FACTORIES. WE NO LONGER HAVE TO LIVE WHERE 131 00:14:56,495 --> 00:15:02,101 WE WORK. AND THAT'S A VERY TRANSFORMATIONAL IDEA. AND I BELIEVE SOCIETY IS ONLY AT 132 00:15:02,167 --> 00:15:12,544 THE BEGINNING OF REALIZING THE FULL POTENTIAL OF THAT IDEA. >>> WHO WANTS TO LIVE THE IN A CONVERTED OFFICE BUILDING FROM 133 00:15:12,611 --> 00:15:16,582 THE '70s? >> WHAT WOULD THIS FLOOR HAVE BEEN? >> CUBICLES. 134 00:15:16,649 --> 00:15:31,363 >>> ANYONE WHO'S HAD EXPERIENCE WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE KNOWS THE AGONY OF WATCHING SOMEONE FADE AWAY, AS IT STEALS MEMORY 135 00:15:31,430 --> 00:15:37,369 AND IN THE END, A PERSON'S OWN IDENTITY. TONIGHT, WE'LL SHOW YOU AN EXPERIMENTAL WAY TO TRY AND BEAT 136 00:15:37,436 --> 00:15:43,609 BACK ALZHEIMER'S. IT'S BEEN TESTED ON JUST A HANDFUL OF PATIENTS BUT CAUGHT OUR ATTENTION BECAUSE OF THE 137 00:15:43,676 --> 00:15:57,456 DOCTOR INVOLVED, DR. OLLIE, WHO 60 MINUTES FIRST MET YEARS AGO. HE DEVELOPED TREATMENTS FOR PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND OTHER 138 00:15:57,523 --> 00:16:02,928 BRAIN DISORDERS. OVER THE LAST YEAR, WE FOLLOWED THIS MASTER OF THE MIND, AS HE ATTEMPTED TO DELAY THE 139 00:16:02,995 --> 00:16:09,335 PROGRESSION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND ITS WORST SYMPTOMS USING ULTRASOUND. WE SAW A CUTTING EDGE APPROACH 140 00:16:09,401 --> 00:16:14,540 TO BRAIN SURGERY WITH NO CUTTING. >> IF WE CAN, WE SHOULD NOT BE DOING BRAIN SURGERY. 141 00:16:14,606 --> 00:16:22,181 >> YOU'RE A BRAIN SURGEON. >> I AM, BUT I SHOULD BE OUT OF A JOB BECAUSE BRAIN SURGERY, IT'S CUTTING TO SKIN, OPENING 142 00:16:22,247 --> 00:16:30,255 THE SKULL, IT CAN BE BARBARIC. >> Reporter: IT LOOKED LIKE A SCENE FROM A SCI-FI MOVIE. >> JUST MAKE IT A LITTLE BIT 143 00:16:30,322 --> 00:16:37,296 MORE COMFORTABLE. >> Reporter: A HALO-WRAPPED PATIENT PUSHED INTO A TUBE, AS A TEAM OF DOCTORS MANIPULATE HIS 144 00:16:37,363 --> 00:16:41,567 BRAIN FROM THE OTHER SIDE OF THE GLASS. >> MODULATE POWER IN THREE MINUTES. 145 00:16:41,633 --> 00:16:47,039 OKAY. WE'RE READY TO GO. >> Reporter: THE DOCTOR ALLOWED US TO WITNESS HIS REVOLUTIONARY 146 00:16:47,106 --> 00:16:54,980 ATTEMPT TO USE ULTRASOUND TO SLOW DOWN THE COGNITIVE DECLINE IN THREE PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. 147 00:16:55,047 --> 00:17:07,659 IT'S NEVER BEEN DONE BEFORE. >> THERE'S NO MIRACLE CURE HERE. IT'S ADVANCING MEDICINE WITH CALCULATED RISKS. 148 00:17:07,726 --> 00:17:17,369 >> Reporter: THEY'RE FOCUSED ON THESE RED PATCHES IN THE SCANS. THE GUMMY PROTEIN IS BELIEVED TO PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN ALZHEIMER'S 149 00:17:17,436 --> 00:17:23,675 BY DISRUPTING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN BRAIN CELLS. >> IN PEOPLE WITH ALZHEIMER'S, IT ACCUMULATES MUCH FASTER. 150 00:17:23,742 --> 00:17:31,950 AND OVER TIME, THESE PROTEIN AGGREGATES -- WE CALL THEM PLAQUES, LIKE PLAQUES IN THE ARTERIES, THEY KEEP ON 151 00:17:32,017 --> 00:17:38,090 ACCUMULATING AND IMPACTING FUNCTION. >> THERE ARE TWO FDA APPROVED DRUGS ON THE MARKET THAT CAN 152 00:17:38,157 --> 00:17:51,804 HELP BREAK UP THAT BRAIN PLAQUE. -- WAS APPROVED IN 2021, FOLLOWED BY -- LAST YEAR. BOTH ARE GIVEN INTRAVENOUSLY, 153 00:17:51,870 --> 00:18:00,579 BUT THEY WORK SLOWLY. >> TYPICALLY YOU GO INTO THE CLINIC AND YOU GET ANN IV AND YU HAVE AN ANTIBODY INFUSION OVER 154 00:18:00,646 --> 00:18:09,922 ONE TO TWO HOURS. AND YOU HAVE TO DO IT ONCE A MONTH OR TWICE A MONTH FOR 18 MONTHS OR LONGER. 155 00:18:09,988 --> 00:18:14,726 ALZHEIMER'S IS NOT GOING AWAY. >> Reporter: IT TAKES SO LONG BECAUSE THE DRUGS HAVE A HARD TIME GETTING THROUGH SOMETHING 156 00:18:14,793 --> 00:18:22,935 CALLED THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER. THIS TIGHT FILTER OF CELLS LINE THE BLOOD VESSELS TO KEEP TOXINS FROM LEAKING INTO THE BRAIN. 157 00:18:23,001 --> 00:18:28,040 BUT IT ALSO PREVENTS ALMOST ALL OF THE MEDICATION FROM GETTING IN TOO. >> WE THINK THAT'S WHAT'S 158 00:18:28,106 --> 00:18:33,946 CAUSING THE DISRUPTION. >> Reporter: THE DOCTOR THOUGHT HE COULD SOLVE THAT PROBLEM WITH ULTRASOUND. 159 00:18:34,012 --> 00:18:41,186 THE SAME TECHNOLOGY THAT'S BEEN USED FOR 70 YEARS TO GIVE DOCTORS A FEW OF ORGANS AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT. 160 00:18:41,253 --> 00:18:52,764 HE CHOSE ULTRASOUND BECAUSE IT EASILY PENETRATES THE SKULL AND CAN BE FOCUSED, LIKE SUNLIGHT THROUGH A MAGNIFYING GLASS TO 161 00:18:52,831 --> 00:18:58,737 HELP OPEN THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER AND ALLOW THE DRUGS TO RUSH IN. >> THIS WAY WE'RE GETTING THE 162 00:18:58,804 --> 00:19:03,876 THERAPEUTIC PAY LOOD EXACTLY TO THE AREA IT NEEDS TO GO WITH A HIGH PENETRATION. WE WANT TO BE SAFE ABOUT THIS. 163 00:19:03,942 --> 00:19:08,213 YOU DON'T WANT TO DELIVER TOO MUCH. DON'T WANT TO OPEN THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER TOO MUCH. 164 00:19:08,280 --> 00:19:11,817 >> IF YOU OPEN IT TOO MUCH, WHAT COULD HAPPEN? >> YOU CAN GET BLEEDING IN THE BRAIN. 165 00:19:11,884 --> 00:19:16,455 YOU CAN GET SWELLING IN THE BRAIN. YOU CAN GET MANY OTHER PROBLEMS, SO YOU HAVE TO GET IT JUST 166 00:19:16,522 --> 00:19:20,692 RIGHT. >> Reporter: WE WILL SHOW YOU EXACTLY HOW THAT WORKED AND THE EARLY RESULTS IN A MINUTE. 167 00:19:20,759 --> 00:19:31,169 BUT TO UNDERSTAND WHY ONE OF THE COUNTRY'S MOST ACCOMPLISHED BRAIN SURGEONS IS BETTING ON ULTRASOUND, YOU HAVE TO GO BACK 168 00:19:31,236 --> 00:19:38,310 TO 2002 WHEN THE DOCTOR FIRST CAUGHT OUR ATTENTION IN A STORY REPORTED ON TREATING PARKINSON'S DISEASE. 169 00:19:38,377 --> 00:19:45,484 >> SHOW ME YOUR TEETH. STICK YOUR TONGUE OUT. VERY GOOD. >> Reporter: HE WAS AMONG THE 170 00:19:45,551 --> 00:19:49,821 FIRST TO IMPLANT A PACEMAKER-TYPE DEVICE IN THE BRAIN, WHICH STOPPED UNCONTROLLABLE MOVEMENTS 171 00:19:49,888 --> 00:19:56,728 SUFFERED BY PARKINSON'S PATIENTS. >> IT'S LIKE TRAVELING THROUGH A LABYRINTH, AS IN THE GREEK MYTH. 172 00:19:56,795 --> 00:20:03,335 AROUND EVERY CORNER, YOU HAVE A BLOOD THIRSTY MONSTER THAT CAN JUMP ON YOU. SO YOU WANT TO AVOID THESE 173 00:20:03,402 --> 00:20:07,940 AREAS. >> Reporter: THE IMPLANT SURGERY IS ROUTINE FOR ADVANCED PARKINSON'S. 174 00:20:08,006 --> 00:20:15,948 THE DOCTOR WENT ON TO WRITE HUNDREDS OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS, SECURE DOZENS OF PATENTS, AND PRESENT RESEARCH TO CONGRESS AND 175 00:20:16,014 --> 00:20:21,386 THE WHITE HOUSE. HE COULD HAVE GONE TO ANY BIG CITY RESEARCH CENTER. BUT TRUE TO FORM, HE CHOSE TO 176 00:20:21,453 --> 00:20:28,827 TRY SOMETHING DIFFERENT AND MOVED TO MORGAN TOWN, WEST VIRGINIA, WHERE HE IS THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE 177 00:20:28,894 --> 00:20:33,398 ROCKEFELLER NEUROSCIENCE INSTITUTE. >> IT WAS A FANTASTIC MOVE BECAUSE WE'RE ABLE TO ACHIEVE SO 178 00:20:33,465 --> 00:20:40,539 MANY THINGS THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN DIFFICULT AT OTHER INSTITUTIONS. SOMETIMES IN THE BIGGER INSTITUTIONS, YOU MAY NOT BE 179 00:20:40,606 --> 00:20:47,045 HUNGRY ACH HUNGRY AS MUCH -- YOU MAY HAVE A THOUSAND DIFFERENT AGENDAS AND PRIORITIES. 180 00:20:47,112 --> 00:20:51,116 HERE WE HAVE AN AGILE AND NIMBLE TEAM THAT CAN QUICKLY GET OUTCOMES. >> Reporter: THIS IS VIDEO THE 181 00:20:51,183 --> 00:20:57,222 TEAM TOOK WHEN THEY WERE AMONG THE FIRST TO USE ULTRASOUND TO TREAT TREMORS. FOR 15 YEARS, DAN WALL HAD BEEN 182 00:20:57,289 --> 00:21:02,694 SUFFERING FROM ESSENTIAL TREMOR, A NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER. >> YOU OKAY? YOU GOT A HAT ON NOW. 183 00:21:02,761 --> 00:21:09,101 >> OKAY. >> ALL RIGHT. VERY GOOD. >> Reporter: THE TEAM FOCUSED 184 00:21:09,167 --> 00:21:15,907 ULTRASOUND INTO PART OF THE BRAIN CALLED THE THALAMUS TO DESTROY A PINPOINT PATCH OF TISSUE DOCTORS BELIEVED WAS 185 00:21:15,974 --> 00:21:22,781 RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TREMORS. >> 980 ELEMENTS CONVERGING RIGHT THERE. >> Reporter: WALL WAS AWAKE 186 00:21:22,848 --> 00:21:30,489 DURING THE PROCEDURE. AFTER TWO HOURS, THE 71-YEAR-OLD'S TREMOR WAS GONE. >> I FEEL AFRAID I'M GOING TO 187 00:21:30,555 --> 00:21:36,061 DROP IT. >> YOU GOT IT. >> I GOT IT. >> YOU WANT TO SHOW OFF? 188 00:21:36,128 --> 00:21:44,202 >> WOW. >> PRAISE THE LORD. >> Reporter: THAT SUCCESS HELPED CONVINCE THE DOCTOR THAT FOCUSED 189 00:21:44,269 --> 00:21:50,042 ULTRASOUND COULD BE ADAPTED TO PATIENTS WITH OTHER BRAIN DISORDERS, INCLUDING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. 190 00:21:50,108 --> 00:21:56,982 >> IF I FIRST SYMPTOMS THAT I NOTICED WERE THAT I WAS HAVING TROUBLE TYPING AT WORK. >> DID YOU THINK YOU HAD 191 00:21:57,049 --> 00:22:01,653 ALZHEIMER'S? >> NO, I DIDN'T. >> DAN MILLER IS JUST 61 YEARS OLD. 192 00:22:01,720 --> 00:22:09,194 HIS WIFE, KATHY, BEGAN NOTICING CHANGES FOUR YEARS AGO. >> HE KIND OF HID IT PRETTY WELL. 193 00:22:09,261 --> 00:22:16,068 AND THEN I NOTICED HE WAS HAVING TROUBLE -- HIS CLOTHES WOULD BE BACKWARDS AND THOSE KINDS OF THINGS. 194 00:22:16,134 --> 00:22:21,907 >> JUST LITTLE THINGS. >> JUST LITTLE THINGS, YES. >> Reporter: A SCAN OF HIS BRAIN REVEALED WHAT DAN HAD BEEN 195 00:22:21,973 --> 00:22:27,913 HIDING. >> MR. MILLER HAD VERY LARGE AMOUNTS OF BETA-AMYLOID -- >> Reporter: THE RED SPOTS 196 00:22:27,979 --> 00:22:36,188 INDICATED A BUILD UP OF THOSE BETA-AMYLOID PROTEINS, THE SO-CALLED BRAIN PLAQUE, A MARKER OF ALZHEIMER'S. 197 00:22:36,254 --> 00:22:43,662 THE DOCTOR EXPLAINED HE COULDN'T CURE HIM OF THE DISEASE, BUT HE HOPED TO SLOW THE PROGRESSION. >> WHY TAKE PART IN A TRIAL IF 198 00:22:43,729 --> 00:22:55,140 IT'S NOT A CURE? >> I HAVE TO EXPLAIN TO YOU THAT I WAS AT THE POINT LIKE IN "DANTE'S INFERNO" WHERE IT SAYS, 199 00:22:55,207 --> 00:23:01,446 ABANDON ALL HOPE, ENTER HERE. FOR ME, WHAT DO I HAVE TO LOSE? >> Reporter: HERE'S HOW IT WORKED. 200 00:23:01,513 --> 00:23:11,456 HOURS BEFORE THE PROCEDURE, MILLER WAS GIVEN AN IV TREATMENT OF ADUCANUMAB, ONE OF THOSE TWO NEW DRUGS TO REDUCE BETA-AMYLOID 201 00:23:11,523 --> 00:23:19,030 PLAQUE. MILLER WAS THEN FITTED WITH THIS MILLION-DOLLAR HELMET, SIMILAR TO THE ONE THE TEAM USED TO 202 00:23:19,097 --> 00:23:26,404 TREAT TREMOR PATIENTS. IT DIRECTS NEARLY 1,000 BEAMS OF ULTRASOUND ENERGY AT A TARGET THE SIZE OF A PENCIL POINT. 203 00:23:26,471 --> 00:23:33,111 >> BASICALLY A PATIENT LIES ON THE MRI TABLE, AND THE HEAD GOES INSIDE THE HELMET. AND THE PATIENT IS IMMOBILIZED 204 00:23:33,178 --> 00:23:39,484 WITH A HALO OR WITH A MOUTH PIECE BECAUSE WE DON'T WANT MOVEMENTS TO CAUSE ERRORS IN OUR TARGETING IN THE BRAIN. 205 00:23:39,551 --> 00:23:47,259 >> IS THAT COMFORTABLE? THUMBS UP. >> Reporter: ONCE INSIDE, THE MRI MACHINE GAVE THE DOCTOR A 206 00:23:47,325 --> 00:23:56,201 3-D VIEW OF THE PLAQUE HE WOULD TARGET IN DAN MILLER'S BRAIN. THE NEXT STEP WAS AN IV SOLUTION THAT CONTAINED MICROSCOPIC 207 00:23:56,268 --> 00:24:01,773 BUBBLES. HIT WITH ENERGY, THE BUBBLES PRY OPEN THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER. >> READY. 208 00:24:01,840 --> 00:24:07,679 WE CAN SON KATE NOW. THERE WE GO. >> THE BUBBLES START VIBRATING. >> THEY'RE MOVING. 209 00:24:07,746 --> 00:24:15,987 >> THEY'RE MOVING. THEY START EXPANDING SO YOU CAN OPEN THE BARRIER TEMPORARILY. NOW IT'S OPEN FOR 24 TO 48 210 00:24:16,054 --> 00:24:22,527 HOURS. AND THEN IT RESEALS. SO, THIS GIVES YOU A TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITY FOR 24 TO 48 HOURS, 211 00:24:22,594 --> 00:24:31,269 WITH THE BARRIER BEING OPEN. SO, NOW THERAPISTS CAN GET INSIDE INSIDE THE BRAIN. 212 00:24:31,336 --> 00:24:37,309 >> Reporter: THAT NOISE IS A SIGNAL TO TELL THE TEAM THE ULTRASOUND IS DOING ITS WORK. >> VERY NICE OPENING OF THE 213 00:24:37,375 --> 00:24:44,683 BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER. EACH DOT REPRESENTS AN AREA WHERE ALL THE WAVES, ALL THE ULTRASOUND WAVES, CONVERGE AND 214 00:24:44,749 --> 00:24:50,288 OPEN THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER. >> SO, THIS IS JUST ONE BLAST, IF YOU WILL. >> ONE BLAST GETTING THERE. 215 00:24:50,355 --> 00:24:55,560 >> AND YOU'RE HITTING ONE POINT. >> ONE POINT, AND THEN IT MOVES TO THE NEXT ONE. >> Reporter: EVEN THOUGH 216 00:24:55,627 --> 00:25:04,102 PATIENTS WERE AWAKE, THEY TOLD US THEY DIDN'T FEEL A THING. IT ALL TOOK A COUPLE OF HOURS, AND THEY WENT HOME WHEN IT WAS 217 00:25:04,169 --> 00:25:08,273 OVER. THE THREE PATIENTS WERE GIVEN THE TREATMENTS OF ULTRASOUND WITH INFUSION ONCE A MONTH OVER 218 00:25:08,340 --> 00:25:12,777 SIX MONTHS. >> THAT'S ANOTHER TARGET RIGHT THERE. >> Reporter: THE RESULT, 219 00:25:12,844 --> 00:25:19,517 BETA-AMYLOID PLAQUE TARGETED WITH ULTRASOUND WERE REDUCED 50% MORE THAN AREAS TREATED BY INFUSION ALONE. 220 00:25:19,584 --> 00:25:23,989 >> THAT'S THE TOP OF THE HEAD RIGHT THERE. >> Reporter: THE DOCTOR SHARED THE THREE PATIENTS' BRAIN SCANS 221 00:25:24,055 --> 00:25:30,629 WITH US. >> AND THE RED INDICATES MORE DENSITY OF BETA-AMYLOID PLAQUES IN THE BRAIN. 222 00:25:30,695 --> 00:25:37,269 SO, YOU CAN SEE, AS YOU TREAT WITH ULTRASOUND -- >> Reporter: LOOK CLOSELY AT THE AREAS OUTLINED IN WHITE THAT 223 00:25:37,335 --> 00:25:42,407 WERE TARGETED WITH ULTRASOUND AND THE DRUG. >> YOU GET REDUCTION. >> THAT'S AF? 224 00:25:42,474 --> 00:25:48,580 >> THAT'S AFTER. YOU CAN SEE THE PLAQUES ARE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED BY OPENING THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER. 225 00:25:48,647 --> 00:25:54,552 >> Reporter: DAN MILLER AND THE THIRD PATIENT IN THE TRIAL HAD LARGER AREAS OF THEIR BRAIN TARGETED WITH ULTRASOUND. 226 00:25:54,619 --> 00:26:04,195 >> AND THIS IS HIS BASELINE. AND THEN YOU CAN SEE HERE, AFTER 26 WEEKS, THERE'S A VERY DRAMATIC REDUCTION IN THE 227 00:26:04,262 --> 00:26:09,634 BETA-AMYLOID IN THE AREAS OUTLINED BY THIS WHITE MARK. >> AND NOW WE'RE GOING TO LOOK AT PATIENT NUMBER THREE. 228 00:26:09,701 --> 00:26:18,910 >> AND THIS PATIENT UNDERWENT ANTIBODY INFUSION THERAPY PLUS ULTRASOUND. YOU CAN SEE THIS AREA, WHICH IS 229 00:26:18,977 --> 00:26:25,717 REALLY AMAZING. THE ULTRASOUND OPENED THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER, AND THE ANTIBODY OPENED FASTER AND CLEANED OUT 230 00:26:25,784 --> 00:26:29,955 THE PLAQUES. >> WHAT WAS YOUR REACTION WHEN YOU SAW THIS SCAN? >> MY JAW DROPPED. 231 00:26:30,021 --> 00:26:37,195 I WAS IN THE CLINIC SEEING PATIENTS. AND THE PET SCAN TECHNICIAN CALLED AND SAID, THERE'S A BIG 232 00:26:37,262 --> 00:26:41,967 CHANGE. I SAID, HOW DO YOU KNOW? WE HAVE TO ANALYZE IT? HE SAID, NO, YOU CAN SEE IT ON 233 00:26:42,033 --> 00:26:46,538 THE SCREEN. >> WHAT DO YOU THINK WHEN THE DOCTOR SHARED THE SCANS WITH YOU? 234 00:26:46,604 --> 00:26:51,409 >> IT WAS SURREAL. >> YOU CAN REALLY SEE IT. YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE A DOCTOR TO UNDERSTAND WHAT'S GOING ON 235 00:26:51,476 --> 00:26:57,048 THERE. >> ABSOLUTELY NOT. >> THE RED IS DECREASING. >> THAT'S AMAZING. 236 00:26:57,115 --> 00:27:02,921 >> Reporter: KATHY MILLER SAYS SHE CAN SEE IT IN HER HUSBAND, TOO, WHO SLIPS UP ONCE IN A WHILE, BUT HASN'T SLIPPED 237 00:27:02,988 --> 00:27:06,891 FURTHER AWAY. >> HE HAS TROUBLE FINDING THINGS. I'LL SEND HIM INTO THE KITCHEN 238 00:27:06,958 --> 00:27:11,730 TO GET SOMETHING, AND HE'S LIKE, IT'S NOT THERE. I'M LIKE, YES, IT IS. I CAN SEE IT. 239 00:27:11,796 --> 00:27:17,736 BUT HE CAN'T SEE IT. BUT IF THAT'S THE WORST, THAT'S NOTHING. >> YOU'LL TAKE IT? 240 00:27:17,802 --> 00:27:23,141 >> I'LL TAKE IT. >> DO YOU FEEL HOPEFUL ABOUT THE FUTURE? >> I DO, YES. 241 00:27:23,208 --> 00:27:39,257 I LEARNED THAT WHAT I NEEDED TO DO IS ACCEPT THAT THE OLD DAN IS GONE AND THEN START WORKING ON THE NEW ME, WHICH HAS A FUTURE. 242 00:27:39,324 --> 00:27:44,662 >> THE DOCTOR'S TEAM TOLD US THERE'S BEEN NO CHANGE IN THE ABILITY OF THE THREE PATIENTS TO DO THEIR DAILY ACTIVITIES SINCE 243 00:27:44,729 --> 00:27:57,075 THE ULTRASOUND TREATMENTS ENDED IN JULY. NOW THAT HE HAS SHOWED FOCUSED ULTRASOUND CAN CLEAR 244 00:27:57,142 --> 00:28:04,482 BETA-AMYLOID PLAQUE FASTER, HE HAS FDA -- >> WHAT'S THE RESULT OF BREAKING UP ALL THIS PLAQUE TO THE DAMAGE 245 00:28:04,549 --> 00:28:10,655 THAT'S ALREADY BEEN DONE TO THE BRAIN? >> WE DON'T KNOW IF IT'S GOING TO REVERSE THE DAMAGE TO THE 246 00:28:10,722 --> 00:28:16,394 BRAIN BECAUSE ALZHEIMER'S, THE UNDERLYING CAUSE IS STILL OCCURRING. WE HAVE ANOTHER STUDY WE'RE 247 00:28:16,461 --> 00:28:23,368 LOOKING AT WITH ULTRASOUND. FIRST, CLEAR THE PLAQUES. THEN DELIVER ULTRASOUND IN A DIFFERENT DOSE TO SEE NOW IF WE 248 00:28:23,435 --> 00:28:31,709 CAN REVERSE IT OR BOOST THE BRAIN MORE FOR PEOPLE WITH ALZHEIMER'S. >> WHEN WE COME BACK, WE'LL SHOW 249 00:28:31,776 --> 00:28:37,148 YOU THE NEW WAY TO USE ULTRASOUND TO RESET THE BRAIN AND HELP PEOPLE SUFFERING FROM DRUG ADDICTION. 250 00:28:48,560 --> 00:28:57,435 >>> THE HUMAN BRAIN CONTAINS 100 BILLION NEURONS. THAT'S AS MANY CELLS AS THERE ARE STARS ACROSS THE MILKY WAY. 251 00:28:57,502 --> 00:29:04,075 DR. ALI REZAI HAS SPENT 25 YEARS EXPLORING THIS FRONTIER OF MEDICINE. THE SURGICAL TECHNIQUES AND 252 00:29:04,142 --> 00:29:12,617 THERAPIES HE PIONEERED ARE IN USE AROUND THE WORLD. DR. REZAI ALLOWED US TO SEE HIS LATEST RESEARCH OVER THE LAST 253 00:29:12,684 --> 00:29:19,257 YEAR AT THE ROCKEFELLER NEUROSCIENCE INSTITUTE IN MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA. IT INCLUDES REVOLUTIONARY 254 00:29:19,324 --> 00:29:24,729 TREATMENTS FOR A BRAIN DISEASE SUFFERED BY 24 MILLION AMERICANS, ADDICTION. THE RESULTS SO FAR HAVE BEEN 255 00:29:24,796 --> 00:29:32,937 LIFE CHANGING FOR THE PEOPLE WE MET ONCE TRAPPED BY DRUGS. >> LOOKING BACK, I DIDN'T HAVE A CHANCE. 256 00:29:33,004 --> 00:29:38,576 >> WHAT DO YOU MEAN YOU DIDN'T HAVE A CHANCE? >> I COULDN'T DO ANYTHING WITHOUT HAVING THAT DRUG IN MY 257 00:29:38,643 --> 00:29:48,419 SYSTEM. >> Reporter: JARED BUCKHALTER IS THE SON OF A COAL MINER. AT 6'3", HE WAS A HIGH SCHOOL 258 00:29:48,486 --> 00:29:53,691 FOOTBALL STANDOUT, DREAMED OF PLAYING WIDE RECEIVER AT PENN STATE. BUT AFTER A SHOULDER INJURY, HE 259 00:29:53,758 --> 00:30:02,000 GOT HOOKED ON PAINKILLERS. >> THE VERY FIRST TIME THAT I TOOK THAT FIRST PILL, I KNEW THAT I WANTED THAT FEELING FOR 260 00:30:02,066 --> 00:30:09,340 THE REST OF MY LIFE. >> WHAT DID IT FEEL LIKE? >> IT'S JUST PURE EUPHORIA. >> Reporter: HE TOOK US TO WHERE 261 00:30:09,407 --> 00:30:21,753 HE OFTEN WENT TO BUY DRUGS, INCLUDING HER INCLUDING HEROIN. >> EVERYONE KNOWS TO COME HERE. 262 00:30:21,819 --> 00:30:28,660 >> Reporter: BUCKHALTER STILL LOOKS LIKE AN ATHLETE. IT'S HARD TO IMAGINE HE WAS AN ADDICT FOR MORE THAN 15 YEARS. 263 00:30:28,726 --> 00:30:35,934 HE TOLD US HE DOES NOT REMEMBER HOW MANY TIMES HE OVERDOSED AND HE COULDN'T STAY CLEAN FOR MORE THAN FOUR DAYS AT A TIME. 264 00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:41,472 >> I DIDN'T KNOW WHERE I WAS GOING TO SLEEP SOME NIGHTS. MY FAMILY DIDN'T WANT ME AROUND ANYMORE. 265 00:30:41,539 --> 00:30:47,712 I DID SO MANY THINGS TO HURT THEM THAT IT WAS JUST TOO MUCH FOR THEM TO DEAL WITH. >> Reporter: FOUR YEARS AGO, A 266 00:30:47,779 --> 00:30:58,256 PSYCHOLOGIST WHO WORKED WITH BUCKHALTER INTRODUCED HIM TO DR. ALI REZAI, WHO WAS GEARING UP TO PERFORM A NEW KIND OF BRAIN 267 00:30:58,323 --> 00:31:02,460 SURGERY. >> OUR PROTOCOL WAS PEOPLE THAT HAD FAILED EVERYTHING. >> ONCE YOU TRIED EVERYTHING. 268 00:31:02,527 --> 00:31:09,801 >> EVERYTHING. RESIDENTIAL PROGRAMS, MULTIPLE FAILS, DETOX, MULTIPLE TIMES, OUTPATIENT, INPATIENT, MULTIPLE 269 00:31:09,867 --> 00:31:18,176 OVERDOSES. >> I THINK HE CLASSIFIED IT AS END-STAGE DRUG USER. >> YOU MEAN END STAGE MAKES YOU 270 00:31:18,243 --> 00:31:21,913 THINK THIS IS THE END OF YOUR LIFE. >> CORRECT. AND HEARING THAT AT THE AGE OF 271 00:31:21,980 --> 00:31:30,388 34, IT WAS CRAZY. >> Reporter: DR. REZAI THOUGHT HE MIGHT BE ABLE TO ADAPT TECHNOLOGY HE HELPED DEVELOP 272 00:31:30,455 --> 00:31:37,962 YEARS EARLIER TO TREAT PARKINSON'S DISEASE TO TREAT PEOPLE WITH SEVERE ADDICTION. >> WE'VE BEEN ABLE TO MAP OUT, 273 00:31:38,029 --> 00:31:47,805 WITH NEUROSCIENCE IMAGING, THERE'S A SPECIFIC PART OF THE BRAIN THAT IS ELECTRICALLY AND CHEMICALLY MALFUNCTIONING. 274 00:31:47,872 --> 00:31:54,178 >> SO, IT'S NOT JUST WILL POWER, IT'S WHAT'S HAPPENING IN THE BRAIN. >> IT'S A BRAIN DISEASE. 275 00:31:54,245 --> 00:32:03,454 IT'S AN ELECTRICAL AND CHEMICAL ABNORMALITY IN THE BRAIN THAT OCCURS OVERTIME WITH USE OF DRUGS. 276 00:32:03,521 --> 00:32:09,527 ALCOHOL, OPIOIDS, AMPHETAMINES, COCAINE. THEY ALL ARE INVOLVING THE SAME PART OF THE BRAIN. 277 00:32:09,594 --> 00:32:17,001 >> SO, YOUR IDEA WAS WHAT WITH THE IMPLANT? >> PARKINSON'S, WE IMPLANT THAT IN THE MOVEMENT PART OF THE 278 00:32:17,068 --> 00:32:23,675 BRAIN THAT IS ELECTRICALLY MALFUNCTIONING, CAUSING SHAKING. IN THIS CASE, WE'RE GOING IN THE BEHAVIORAL REGULATION, ANXIETY 279 00:32:23,741 --> 00:32:30,715 AND CRAVING PARTS OF THE BRAIN. >> DR. REZAI HAS SEEN THE IMPACT OF ADDICTION IN HIS COMMUNITY. THE PROBLEM IS SO SEVERE IN 280 00:32:30,782 --> 00:32:44,495 MOORE TANTOWN, A VENDING MACHINE DISPENSES THE OVERDOSE ANTIDOTE, NARCAN, FOR FREE. THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG 281 00:32:44,562 --> 00:32:52,537 ABUSE AGREED. IN 2019, THE FDA GAVE HIM A GREEN LIGHT TO ATTEMPT THE GROUNDBREAKING SURGERY. 282 00:32:52,603 --> 00:32:59,310 THAT IS JARED BUCKHALTER. HE AGREED TO BE THE FIRST ADDICTION PATIENT IN THE U.S. TO GET THE IMPLANT. 283 00:32:59,377 --> 00:33:07,919 DR. REZAI'S TEAM INTERVIEWED HIM THE DAY BEFORE THE SURGERY. >> THE BEST OUTCOME POSSIBLE WOULD BE, YOU KNOW, JUST TO CUT 284 00:33:07,985 --> 00:33:18,596 THE CRAVINGS OUT AND FEEL A LITTLE BIT BETTER IF, YOU KNOW, THOSE COUPLE THINGS HAPPEN, YOU KNOW, THAT'S ALL I COULD 285 00:33:18,663 --> 00:33:26,337 POSSIBLY ASK FOR. >> AT THAT TIME, I WAS SO DESPERATE FOR A BETTER LIFE, THAT I WAS WILLING TO DO JUST 286 00:33:26,404 --> 00:33:32,377 ABOUT ANYTHING. AND I SIGNED UP TO DO IT. >> I THINK SOME PEOPLE MIGHT LOOK AT THIS AND THINK, AN 287 00:33:32,443 --> 00:33:40,184 ELECTRONIC IMPLANT IN THE BRAIN SOUNDS A LITTLE CREEPY. >> PEOPLE MAYBE 50 YEARS AGO, THEY SAY AN IMPLANT IN THE HEART 288 00:33:40,251 --> 00:33:45,890 SOUNDS CREEPY. NOW IT'S LIKE NORMAL. 25 YEARS AGO, PEOPLE WERE SAYING, WHAT ARE YOU DOING? 289 00:33:45,957 --> 00:33:52,330 YOU'RE PUTTING AN IMPLANT IN THE BRAIN FOR PARKINSON'S? NOW IT IS ROUTINE PART OF STANDARD OF CARE FOR ADVANCED 290 00:33:52,397 --> 00:33:58,903 PARKINSON'S. >> THIS IS VIDEO FROM THE 7-HOUR PROCEDURE. SURGERY SO NEW IT DIDN'T HAVE A 291 00:33:58,970 --> 00:34:07,879 NAME YET. DR. REZAI OPENED A NICKEL-SIZED HOLE IN BUCKHALTER'S SKULL. THEN HE DIRECTED A THIN WIRE 292 00:34:07,945 --> 00:34:11,382 WITH FOUR ELECTRODES DEEP INSIDE. >> JARED, ARE YOU OKAY? >> YES, SIR. 293 00:34:11,449 --> 00:34:15,286 >> ALL RIGHT. >> JARED WAS AWAKE DURING THE SURGERY. WHY WAS THAT NECESSARY? 294 00:34:15,353 --> 00:34:27,031 >> TO MAP THE BRAIN. WE HAVE TINY MICROPHONES THE SIZE OF A HAIR WE PUT INSIDE THE BRAIN, AND THEY'RE GOING WITH 295 00:34:27,098 --> 00:34:31,502 MICROROBOTS, VERY SLOWLY DRIVE INTO THE BRAIN, AND WE'RE LISTENING TO THE NEURONS TALKING TO EACH OTHER. 296 00:34:31,569 --> 00:34:38,810 IN ADDICTION, YOU WANT TO FIND THE AREA OF THE WORK CENTER. THAT CONFIRMS WHERE WE ARE IN THE BRAIN. 297 00:34:38,876 --> 00:34:44,248 WE SAY, OKAY, THAT'S THE RIGHT SOUND. THEN WE PUT THE FINAL THERAPEUTIC PACEMAKER. 298 00:34:44,315 --> 00:34:51,155 >> WHAT DOES IT SOUND LIKE? >> STATIC ELECTRICITY, WHICH MAY BE ELECTRICITY TO YOU, BUT IT'S MUSIC TO MY EARS. 299 00:34:51,222 --> 00:34:57,562 >> MUSIC BECAUSE DR. REZAI SAYS IT'S A SIGNAL THAT HE FOUND THE RIGHT SPOT IN THE BRAIN FOR THE IMPLANT. 300 00:34:57,628 --> 00:35:05,102 ONCE IN PLACE, THE WIRE WAS CONNECTED TO A DEVICE PLACED BELOW THE COLLARBONE. THE ELECTRICAL PULSES IT SENDS 301 00:35:05,169 --> 00:35:16,347 TO THE BRAIN ARE INTENDED TO SUPPRESS CRAVINGS. BUTHALTER SAID IT WAS PAINLESS. POSTSURGERY, THE SYSTEM IS 302 00:35:16,414 --> 00:35:22,687 ADJUSTED REMOTELY. >> WHEN THEY TURN THE UNIT ON, IT WAS AN IMMEDIATE CHANGE. >> WHAT WAS THE CHANGE? 303 00:35:22,753 --> 00:35:30,161 >> JUST FELT BETTER. YOU KNOW, JUST FELT LIKE I DID PRIOR TO EVER USING DRUGS BUT A LITTLE BIT BETTER. 304 00:35:30,228 --> 00:35:39,704 AND IT WAS AT THAT POINT THAT I KNEW THAT I WAS GOING TO HAVE A LEGITIMATE SHOT AT DOING WELL. >> Reporter: IN ALL, FOUR 305 00:35:39,770 --> 00:35:44,509 PATIENTS WITH SEVERE DRUG ADDICTION HAD THE IMPLANT SURGERY. ONE HAD A MINOR RELAPSE. 306 00:35:44,575 --> 00:35:50,948 ANOTHER DROPPED OUT OF THE TRIAL COMPLETELY. BUT TWO HAVE BEEN DRUG-FREE SINCE THEIR OPERATIONS, 307 00:35:51,015 --> 00:35:59,323 INCLUDING JARED BUCKHALTER, WHO'S BEEN CLEAN FOR FOUR YEARS. >> IF YOU HADN'T MET DR. REZAI, IF YOU HADN'T GONE THROUGH THIS 308 00:35:59,390 --> 00:36:05,162 IMPLANT, DO YOU THINK YOU'D BE SITTING HERE TALKING TO ME TODAY? >> YOU MAY BE TALKING TO MY 309 00:36:05,229 --> 00:36:11,536 PARENTS, YOU KNOW, THOSE THAT HAVE LOST THEIR LOVED ONES TO A DRUG OVERDOSE. BUT YOU WOULDN'T BE TALKING TO 310 00:36:11,602 --> 00:36:18,175 ME. THERE'S NO DOUBT ABOUT THAT. >> BEAUTIFUL, BEAUTIFUL. >> Reporter: THE SURGERY WAS A 311 00:36:18,242 --> 00:36:23,714 SUCCESS. BUT OPENING SOMEONE'S SKULL IS ALWAYS RISKY. DR. REZAI THOUGHT HE COULD REACH 312 00:36:23,781 --> 00:36:33,724 MORE PATIENTS QUICKLY IF HE USED ULTRASOUND. HE WAS ALREADY USING IT TO TREAT OTHER BRAIN DISORDERS AND WAS 313 00:36:33,791 --> 00:36:39,030 CONVINCED FOCUSED ULTRASOUND COULD TARGET THE SAME AREA OF THE BRAIN AS THE IMPLANT. >> IS THIS BRAIN SURGERY WITHOUT 314 00:36:39,096 --> 00:36:43,000 A KNIFE? >> IT IS, INDEED. SO, THIS IS -- THERE'S NO SKIN CUTTING. 315 00:36:43,067 --> 00:36:53,110 THERE'S NO OPENING THE SKULL. SO, IT IS BRAIN SURGERY WITHOUT CUTTING THE SKIN, INDEED. >> Reporter: DR. REZAI EXPLAINED 316 00:36:53,177 --> 00:37:00,952 HOW HIS TEAM WOULD BE THE FIRST TO TREAT ADDICTS BY AIMING HUNDREDS OF BEAMS OF ULTRASOUND TO A PRECISE POINT DEEP INSIDE 317 00:37:01,018 --> 00:37:10,394 THE BRAIN. >> SO, THE AREA THAT WE'RE TREATING IS THE REWARD CENTER IN THE BRAIN, WHICH IS THE NUCLEUS 318 00:37:10,461 --> 00:37:18,903 CECUMBUS, WHICH IS RIGHT DOWN AT THE BASE OF THIS DARK AREA. AND THEN WE DELIVER ULTRASOUND WAVES TO THAT SPECIFIC PART OF 319 00:37:18,970 --> 00:37:24,709 THE BRAIN AND WE WATCH HOW ACUTELY ON THE TABLE YOUR CRAVINGS AND YOUR ANXIETY CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO 320 00:37:24,775 --> 00:37:30,715 ULTRASOUND. >> HOW IS THE ULTRASOUND MAKING A CHANGE HERE? >> ULTRASOUND ENERGY IS CHANGING 321 00:37:30,781 --> 00:37:40,725 THE ELECTRICAL AND CHEMICAL MILLI OR ACTIVITY IN THIS STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN INVOLVING ADDICTION AND CRAVINGS. 322 00:37:40,791 --> 00:37:48,399 >> JUST RESETTING THEM AND GIVING THEM A FRESH START? >> AT THIS POINT IT SEEMS LIKE THE BRAIN IS BEING RESET OR 323 00:37:48,466 --> 00:37:54,705 REBOOTING OF THE BRAIN, AND THE CRAVINGS ARE LESS, ARE MANAGED. ANXIETY IS BETTER. SO, NOW THAT ALLOWS THEM TO 324 00:37:54,772 --> 00:38:02,546 INTERACT WITH A THERAPIST. IT'S VERY IMPORTANT TO KNOW THAT THIS IS NOT A CURE, BUT AN AUGMENTATION OF THE THERAPY BY 325 00:38:02,613 --> 00:38:08,419 REDUCING THE CRAVINGS AND ANXIETY THAT'S SO OVERWHELMING THAT THE THERAPIST HAS DIFFICULTY WORKING WITH THE 326 00:38:08,486 --> 00:38:13,858 PATIENT. >> Reporter: LAST FEBRUARY, WE WATCHED DR. REZAI USE FOCUSED ULTRASOUND TO TREAT DAVE MARTIN, 327 00:38:13,924 --> 00:38:22,066 WHO TOLD US HE'S BEEN SURROUNDED BY FRIENDS AND FAMILY WHO USED DRUGS HIS WHOLE LIFE. >> WHEN DID YOU START USING 328 00:38:22,133 --> 00:38:25,169 DRUGS? >> WHEN I WAS SEVEN YEARS OLD. >> SEVEN? >> YES. 329 00:38:25,236 --> 00:38:31,709 I DID DRUGS FOR 37 YEARS. >> WHAT KIND OF DRUGS WERE YOU USING? >> ANYTHING I COULD GET MY HANDS 330 00:38:31,776 --> 00:38:37,782 ON. >> INSIDE THE MRI, MARTIN WAS SHOWN THESE IMAGES OF DRUG USE TO STOKE HIS CRAVINGS. 331 00:38:37,848 --> 00:38:45,523 >> HIS LEGS WERE MOVING A LOT, AND HE'S VERY AGITATED. >> Reporter: SIMULTANEOUS BRAIN SCAN ALLOWED DR. REZAI AND HIS 332 00:38:45,589 --> 00:38:51,896 TEAM TO IMMEDIATELY SPOT THE AREA IN THE NUCLEUS -- THAT WAS MOST ACTIVE. >> I WOULD LIKE TO SEE THE 333 00:38:51,962 --> 00:39:00,404 TARGET ONE MORE TIME. >> Reporter: 90 WATTS OF ULTRASOUND ENERGY WERE BEAMED AT A TARGET THE SIZE OF A GUM DROP. 334 00:39:00,471 --> 00:39:07,178 >> READY? >> Reporter: WITHIN MINUTES, WE NOTICED MARTIN'S FOOT, THAT HAD BEEN ANXIOUSLY BOUNCING, WAS 335 00:39:07,244 --> 00:39:17,254 STILL. AND HE TOLD THE TEAM THE SAME IMAGES OF DRUGS WERE NOT SPARKING THE NEED FOR A FIX. 336 00:39:17,321 --> 00:39:22,593 >> HEROIN IS GOING DOWN, METH IS DOWN, MARIJUANA IS DOWN. >> MARIJUANA IS DOWN? >> A LOT ACTUALLY. 337 00:39:22,660 --> 00:39:30,935 >> KEEP ON. >> THE DAY OF THE PROCEDURE WAS THE BEST DAY OF MY LIFE. I DIDN'T EXPERIENCE THE SAME 338 00:39:31,001 --> 00:39:34,805 EFFECT AS, LIKE, THE TIMES BEFORE. >> YOU DIDN'T FEEL LIKE, I NEED THAT, I WANT THAT. 339 00:39:34,872 --> 00:39:42,379 >> NO, I DIDN'T FEEL LIKE I NEEDED, THE URGE OR THE DESIRE TO USE WASN'T THERE ANYMORE. >> SO, WITHIN 15 TO 20 MINUTES 340 00:39:42,446 --> 00:39:48,953 OF TREATMENT, THE CRAVING AND ANXIETY MELTS AWAY. AND WE'RE SEEING THIS PATTERN IN MULTIPLE INSTANCES. 341 00:39:49,019 --> 00:39:54,091 >> THEN THEY CAN WALK AWAY AFTER THIS? >> THEY GET OFF THE TABLE AND GO HOME. 342 00:39:54,158 --> 00:39:59,396 >> AND HOW LONG DOES THIS ENTIRE PROCEDURE -- >> ONE HOUR. >> ONE HOUR. 343 00:39:59,463 --> 00:40:04,301 >> ONE HOUR. >> HAVE YOU BEEN AROUND PEOPLE STILL USING DRUGS? >> YES, YES, UNFORTUNATELY I 344 00:40:04,368 --> 00:40:14,278 HAVE. >> AND WHAT HAPPENS? >> IT DIDN'T EVEN TRIGGER ME. I USED TO USED INTRAVENOUSLY 345 00:40:14,345 --> 00:40:20,951 WITH NEEDLES. IT WAS A LITTLE WHILE AGO, NOT TOO FAR BACK, THIS ONE INDIVIDUAL WAS TRYING TO HIT 346 00:40:21,018 --> 00:40:28,959 THEIR SELF AND THEY COULDN'T HIT. THEY ASKED ME, CAN YOU HIT ME? >> SO, YOU ACTUALLY PUT DRUGS IN 347 00:40:29,026 --> 00:40:36,167 THIS PERSON? >> BEFORE WHEN I DREW THE BLOOD BACK, IT WOULD MAKE ME SWEAT BECAUSE I COULDN'T WAIT. 348 00:40:36,233 --> 00:40:43,474 THIS TIME, I WAS JUST LIKE, GOD, I HOPE THEY DON'T OD AND I KILL THEM HERE. I DIDN'T HAVE ANY URGE OR DESIRE 349 00:40:43,541 --> 00:40:49,847 OR ANYTHING. >> Reporter: DR. REZAI'S TEAM TOLD US DAVE MARTIN DID ADMIT TO TAKING ONE PAIN KILLING PILL AT 350 00:40:49,914 --> 00:40:59,356 A PARTY IN DECEMBER. STILL, 10 OF THE 15 PATIENTS IN THE ULTRASOUND CLINICAL TRIALS HAVE REMAINED COMPLETELY DRUG 351 00:40:59,423 --> 00:41:08,232 FREE. DR. OLLIE REZAI IS TRYING THE SAME ULTRASOUND THERAPY ON 45 MORE ADDICTION PATIENTS AND IS 352 00:41:08,299 --> 00:41:15,005 ALREADY THINKING ABOUT EXPANDING THE USE OF ULTRASOUND TO HELP PEOPLE WITH OTHER BRAIN DISORDERS, INCLUDING 353 00:41:15,072 --> 00:41:20,845 POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER, AND OBESITY. >> THIS IS SERIOUS BUSINESS, RESEARCH NEVER BEEN DONE BEFORE. 354 00:41:20,911 --> 00:41:26,283 WE HAVE TO LEARN MORE. WE HAVE TO REPLICATE OUR FINDINGS. >> IS THERE ANY RISK AT RUNNING 355 00:41:26,350 --> 00:41:32,723 TOWARDS SOMETHING QUICKLY? >> THERE'S ALWAYS RISK. BUT YOU CANNOT ADVANCE AND MAKE DISCOVERIES WITHOUT RISK. 356 00:41:32,790 --> 00:41:40,464 BUT WE NEED TO PUSH FORWARD AND TAKE THE RISK BECAUSE PEOPLE WITH ADDICTION AND ALZHEIMER'S, IT'S NOT GOING AWAY. 357 00:41:40,531 --> 00:41:49,306 IT'S HERE. SO, WHY WAIT 10, 20 YEARS? DO IT NOW. UNITED HEALTH CARE, THERE FOR WHAT 358 00:41:49,373 --> 00:41:59,450 MATTERS. >>> NOW, AN UPDATE OF OUR STORY, "WHO IS RAY EPPS." IN APRIL WE SPOKE WITH THE 359 00:41:59,516 --> 00:42:06,991 JANUARY 6th RIOTER AND HIS WIFE IN HIDING AND FEARING FOR THEIR LIVES. RAY EPPS HAD BECOME THE TARGET 360 00:42:07,057 --> 00:42:18,402 OF A CONSPIRACY THEORY. OFFERING NO EVIDENCE, THE CONSPIRACISTS PORTRAYED EPPS AS AN FBI INFORMANT SENT TO INCITE 361 00:42:18,469 --> 00:42:23,741 THE RIOTERS. >> DID ANYONE FROM THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT DIRECT YOU TO BE HERE AT THE PEACE CIRCLE AT THIS 362 00:42:23,807 --> 00:42:28,846 TIME? >> NO. >> NO ONE FROM THE FBI? >> NO. 363 00:42:28,913 --> 00:42:34,785 >> YOU'RE OLD COMRADES WITH THE OATH KEEPERS? >> NO. >> Reporter: RAY EPPS PLEADED 364 00:42:34,852 --> 00:42:42,393 GUILTY TO ENTERING A RESTRICTED AREA ON THE CAPITOL GROUNDS. THIS PAST TUESDAY, HE WAS SENTENCED TO A YEAR'S PROBATION 365 00:42:42,459 --> 00:42:49,400 AND COMMUNITY SERVICE FOR HIS ROLE IN THE JANUARY 6th ATTACK. I'M BILL WHITAKER. WE'LL BE BACK NEXT WEEK WITH 366 00:42:49,466 --> 00:43:02,746 ANOTHER >>> JOIN US FOR A SPECIAL EDITION OF THE CBS EVENING NEWS FROM IOWA TOMORROW.