1 00:00:05,772 --> 00:00:22,555 >>> TONIGHT ON "60 MINUTES PRESENTS," TAKE ME AWAY. THE SAYING GOES, YOU'LL KNOW THE NEWFOUNDLANDERS IN HEAVEN. 2 00:00:22,622 --> 00:00:31,698 A 90 SQUARE MILE PATCHWORK OF TEN MINISCULE FISHING HOUSES, WHERE HOUSES THE COLOR OF JELLY BEANS CLING TO WORK, ARE 100 3 00:00:31,765 --> 00:00:41,408 YEARS OLD. AMONG ITS QUIRKS, NEWFOUNDLAND HAS ITS OWN TIME ZONE, HALF AN HOUR AHEAD OF THE MAINLAND. 4 00:00:41,474 --> 00:00:49,749 BUT WANDER THROUGH THE VILLAGES, AND YOU MIGHT AS WELL SET YOUR WATCH BACK TO THE 18th CENTURY. >>> THAT'S THE TEMPLE. 5 00:00:49,816 --> 00:00:57,457 THE ROMAN EMPIRE CENTERED AROUND CONQUEST AND THE OUTSIZED PERSONALITIES OF ITS EMPERORS. RESEARCH AND ARCHAEOLOGY 6 00:00:57,524 --> 00:01:03,763 CONTINUE TO SEARCH FROM RELIABLE EVIDENCE FROM THAT TIME. AND TONIGHT WE'LL INTRODUCE YOU TO SOME NEW DISCOVERIES ABOUT 7 00:01:03,830 --> 00:01:10,336 ONE OF THE MOST WRITTEN ABOUT, IF NOT MISUNDERSTOOD EMPERORS OF ALL TIME, CALIGULA. >> I CAN'T BELIEVE THAT WE ARE 8 00:01:10,403 --> 00:01:21,681 SITTING ON THE STEPS THAT CALIGULA MAY HAVE WALKED ON. IT'S AMAZING. >>> JUST COME AND SIT AT A 9 00:01:21,748 --> 00:01:35,395 SUNSET BY THE LAKE IN THE CENTER OF THIS NATIONAL PARK. I MEAN, FITIME STOPS, AND YOU G 100 COLORS OF YELLOW AND 100 10 00:01:35,462 --> 00:01:42,402 COLORS OF ORANGE. AND THEN THE DUSK SETS IN. OH, THERE'S AN ELEPHANT RIGHT THERE. 11 00:01:42,469 --> 00:01:47,640 >> OH, THERE CERTAINLY IS. >> I JUST HAVE TO STOP AND SAY 12 00:01:52,479 --> 00:01:57,317 >>> GOOD EVENING. I'M JON WERTHEIM. WELCOME TO "60 MINUTES PRESENTS." 13 00:01:57,383 --> 00:02:06,826 IN THESE WANING WEEKINS OF WINT, WHO HASN'T THOUGHT, EVEN BEGGED, TAKE ME AWAY. TONIGHT, WE'LL DO JUST THAT. 14 00:02:06,893 --> 00:02:22,609 WE'LL TRANSPORT YOU TO ANCIENT ROME, WHERE ANDERSON COOPER VISITS THE GARDENS OF CALIGULA. THEN IT'S OFF TO AFRICA, 15 00:02:22,675 --> 00:02:28,681 MOZAMBIQUE'S NATIONAL PARK, TRANSFORMED FROM WASTELAND TO PARADISE. WE BEGIN TONIGHT AT THE OTHER 16 00:02:28,748 --> 00:02:38,658 END OF THE WORLD, AN ISLAND OFF AN ISLAND IN THE ATLANTIC, A REMOTE JEWEL OF LAND OFF THE COAST OF CANADA, FOGO ISLAND 17 00:02:38,725 --> 00:02:46,099 FLOATS OFF THE NORTHEAST PROVINCE OF NEW FOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR. THE PLACE MIGHT BE DROP DEAD 18 00:02:46,165 --> 00:02:52,605 GORGEOUS, BUT IT WASN'T IMMUNE TO THE FATE BEFALLING SO MANY SMALL AND ISOLATED COMMUNITIES IN NORTH AMERICA. 19 00:02:52,672 --> 00:02:59,279 IT'S ONE AND ONLY INDUSTRY WINNING DECLINE, AND SO TURNED ITS POPULATION. THEN IN THE EARLY 2000s, A LOCAL 20 00:02:59,345 --> 00:03:06,519 RETURNED HOME FRESH OFF MAKING A FORTUNE IN THE TECH SECTOR. HER POCKETS HER DEEP. SO WAS HER DESIRE TO LIFT UP THE 21 00:03:06,586 --> 00:03:13,092 PLACE AND BRING PEOPLE BACK. SO, SHE UNLEASHED A SORT OF ECONOMIC EXPERIMENT. AS WE FIRST TOLD YOU IN 2021, WE 22 00:03:13,159 --> 00:03:24,137 TOOK TWO PLANES AND A LONG DRIVE AND A FERRY TO REACH FOGO ISLAND AND CHECK ON THE RESULTS. THE SAYING HERE GOES, YOU'LL 23 00:03:24,203 --> 00:03:29,375 KNOW THE NEWFOUNDLANDERS IN HEAVEN. THEY'LL BE THE ONES WHO WANT TO GO HOME. 24 00:03:29,442 --> 00:03:46,826 AND THE ADAGE COMES TO LIFE ON FOGO ISLAND, A 90-SQUARE-MILE PATCHWORK OF FISHING HOUSES THE COLOR OF JELLY BEANS. 25 00:03:46,893 --> 00:03:58,638 NEWFOUNDLAND HAS ITS OWN TIME ZONE, HALF AN HOUR AHEAD OF THE MAINLAND. BUT WANDER THROUGH FOGO ISLANDS 26 00:03:58,705 --> 00:04:06,312 VILLAGES. BACK THEN ALL YOU NEEDED TO GET BY HERE WAS A PIG, A POTATO PATCH, AND SOMETHING CALLED A 27 00:04:06,379 --> 00:04:14,220 PUNT, A SMALLWOODEN FISHING BOAT USED IN PURSUIT OF NORTH ATLANTIC COD, THE SPECIES THAT ONCE KEPT THIS PLACE AFLOAT. 28 00:04:14,287 --> 00:04:23,029 SEEMINGLY EVERY STRUCTURE ON THE ISLAND WAS BUILT IN SERVICE OF CATCHING AND PRESERVING FISH, WITH ONE GLEAMING EXCEPTION, A 29 00:04:23,096 --> 00:04:31,504 $40 MILLION LUXURY INN. PART EDGE OF THE EARTH DESTINATION, PART ECONOMIC ENGINE ON STILTS, THE INN IS THE 30 00:04:31,571 --> 00:04:47,520 BRAIN CHILD OF EIGHT GENERATION ISLANDER ZITA COBB. >> WHY WOULD ANYONE COME HERE? THERE ARE FANCY PLACES PEOPLE 31 00:04:47,587 --> 00:04:52,058 GO. OUR ASSUMPTION IS EVERYBODY WANTS TO GO WHERE IT'S WARM. >> SOMEONE SUGGESTED TO US IT 32 00:04:52,125 --> 00:04:56,996 LOOKED LIKE A SHIP. >> THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE INN WAS A TOPIC OF MUCH CONVERSATION. 33 00:04:57,063 --> 00:05:04,837 I THINK ABOUT IT AS A METAPHOR. IT'S ABOUT PEOPLE FROM HERE AND PEOPLE FROM AWAY. IT'S ABOUT THE FUTURE AND THE 34 00:05:04,904 --> 00:05:09,709 PAST. >> Reporter: THE PAST LOOMS LARGE ON FOGO ISLAND. TO FULLY APPRECIATE THE INN, 35 00:05:09,776 --> 00:05:17,517 EVEN AS A METAPHOR, YOU HAVE TO UNDERSTAND FOGO'S HISTORY. ZITA COBB TOOK US THROUGH DOZENS OF TINY ISLANDS THAT DOT FOGO'S 36 00:05:17,583 --> 00:05:24,390 WATERS TO A PLACE CALLED LITTLE FOGO ISLAND. AND FOR THOSE KEEPING TRACK, THAT'S AN ISLAND OFF AN ISLAND 37 00:05:24,457 --> 00:05:30,897 OFF AN ISLAND. HER ANCESTORS LANDED HERE FROM IRELAND IN SOUTH ENGLAND. THEY CAME FOR ONE REASON. 38 00:05:30,963 --> 00:05:35,935 >> FISH, FISH, AND FISH. >> WHEN YOU SAY, FISH, IS IT JUST A GIVEN? >> IT'S A GIVEN. 39 00:05:36,002 --> 00:05:43,943 SO, YES. WHEN WE SAY, FISH, WE MEAN COD. >> IS IT POSSIBLE TO EXAGGERATE THE IMPORTANCE OF COD TO THIS 40 00:05:44,010 --> 00:05:51,284 PLACE? >> NO, IT'S NOT POSSIBLE, BECAUSE EVERYTHING THAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SOMEONE FROM HERE, 41 00:05:51,350 --> 00:05:56,456 YOU CAN FIGURE IT OUT BY JUST STUDYING THAT FISH. IT'S QUITE A NOBLE FISH. >> NOBLE FISH? 42 00:05:56,522 --> 00:06:03,296 >> IT ASKS VERY LITTLE AND GIVES SO MUCH. THEY EXIST ON ALMOST ANYTHING. I MEAN, I THINK A COD COULD EAT 43 00:06:03,362 --> 00:06:13,573 A RUBBER BOOT IF IT HAD TO. >> NOT UNLIKE THE NOBLE FISH, ZITA COBB'S FAMILY SURVIVED WITH THAT THOUGHT, IN COD THEY 44 00:06:13,639 --> 00:06:17,844 TRUSTED. FAMILIES WORKED SIDE BY SIDE HERE, TRADING THEIR FISH FOR GOODS. 45 00:06:17,910 --> 00:06:26,886 NO BANK ACCOUNTS NO, CASH. COBB'S PARENTS COULD NEITHER READ NOR WRITE. SHE AND HER SIX BROTHERS GREW UP 46 00:06:26,953 --> 00:06:33,459 IN A HOUSE WITH NO ELECTRICITY. IT WAS A HAPPY CHILDHOOD UNTIL IT WASN'T. >> WHAT HAPPENED? 47 00:06:33,526 --> 00:06:42,135 >> THE WORST OF THE 20th CENTURY CAME DOWN ON US IN THE FORM OF INDUSTRIALIZATION. SHIPS SHOWED UP ALL ALONG THE 48 00:06:42,201 --> 00:06:48,975 COASTS AND FISHED DAY AND NIGHT UNTIL JUST ABOUT EVERY LAST FISH WAS GONE. >> WITH ONE SMALL PUNT LAUNCHED 49 00:06:49,041 --> 00:06:56,215 FROM THIS ONE DOCK, COBB'S FATHER COULDN'T COMPETE WITH COMMERCIAL VESSELS THAT HAD COME TO THE NORTH ATLANTIC FROM ALL 50 00:06:56,282 --> 00:07:00,787 OVER THE WORLD. >> HOW BAD DID THINGS GET FOR HIM? >> HE WOULD COME BACK WITH 51 00:07:00,853 --> 00:07:06,425 NOTHING. ONE DAY IN PARTICULAR HE CAME BACK WITH ONE FISH, AND HE BROUGHT THE FISH INTO THE HOUSE 52 00:07:06,492 --> 00:07:13,366 AND HE SLAPPED IT DOWN ONTO THE KITCHEN FLOOR AND SAID, WELL, IT'S DONE. AND IT WAS THE NEXT DAY, HE 53 00:07:13,432 --> 00:07:18,504 BURNED HIS BOAT. >> HE BURNED HIS BOAT? >> HE BURNED HIS BOAT. >> IT'S ALMOST LIKE A SACRIFICE. 54 00:07:18,571 --> 00:07:26,212 >> IT WAS. HE DID IT AS A STATEMENT. HE DID IT AS A EXPRESSION OF PAIN AND ANGER. 55 00:07:26,279 --> 00:07:32,518 >> LAMBERT COBB MADE THIS SACRIFICE ONCE HE REALIZED THAT THOSE BIG BOATS WERE, IN HIS WORDS, TURNING FISH INTO MONEY. 56 00:07:32,585 --> 00:07:40,927 >> HE SAID TO ME AS A 10-YEAR-OLD, YOU HAVE GOT TO FIGURE OUT HOW THIS MONEY THING WORKS BECAUSE IF YOU DON'T, IT'S 57 00:07:40,993 --> 00:07:47,533 GOING TO EAT EVERYTHING WE LOVE. >> HE WASN'T WRONG. AS FISH STOCKS DWINDLED, SO DID THE ISLAND'S POPULATION, FROM 58 00:07:47,600 --> 00:07:57,476 5,000 TO 2,500. THE COBBS LEFT FOR THE MAINLAND IN THE 1970s. ZITA COBB'S FATHER DIED SHORTLY 59 00:07:57,543 --> 00:08:04,851 THEREAFTER, BUT SHE HEEDED HIS ADVICE. SHE GOT A BUSINESS DEGREE, WORKED IN FIBEROPTICS, LANDED IN 60 00:08:04,917 --> 00:08:13,993 SILICON VALLEY, AND WAS THE THIRD HIGHEST PAID FEMALE EXECUTIVE. SHE CASHED OUT STOCK OPTIONS, 61 00:08:14,060 --> 00:08:21,767 DROPPED OUT OF THE WINNER TAKE ALL ECONOMY, AND TOOK HER SAVVY HOME, DETERMINED TO REVITALIZE FOGO ISLAND. 62 00:08:21,834 --> 00:08:32,645 >> WHAT DO WE HAVE AND WHAT DO WE KNOW AND HOW CAN WE PUT THAT FORWARD IN A WAY THAT'S DIGNIFIED FOR FOGO ISLANDERS AND 63 00:08:32,712 --> 00:08:41,988 CREATES ECONOMY AND CONNECTS US TO THE WORLD? >> THEN ONE NIGHT AT WHAT THE LOCALS CALL A SHED PARTY, AND 64 00:08:42,054 --> 00:08:47,727 THE ANSWER EMERGES. >> WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT THE PEOPLE OF THIS PLACE, IF THERE'S ONE THING WE'RE REALLY GOOD AT, 65 00:08:47,793 --> 00:08:57,703 IT'S HOSPITALITY. >> WHAT DOES HAPOSPITALITY MEAN HERE? >> HOSPITALITY IN ITS PUREST 66 00:08:57,770 --> 00:09:01,774 FORM IS THE LOVE OF A STRANGER. WE DIDN'T GET A LOT OF STRANGERS. WHEN THEY ARRIVED, AS MY MOTHER 67 00:09:01,841 --> 00:09:08,447 WOULD SAY, IT'S ALWAYS BETTER TO SEE A LIGHT COMING INTO THE HARBOR THAN A LIGHT GOING OUT. >> SHE BUILT THE BIGGEST BAE CON 68 00:09:08,514 --> 00:09:19,926 IN THE HARBOR. SHE MADE THE INN THE CENTER PIECE OF A TRUST, WITH PROFITS RE 69 00:09:19,992 --> 00:09:28,234 REINVESTED. >> WE'RE GOING TO PUT A 29-ROOM INN ON AN ISLAND THAT'S NEVER HAD AN INN. 70 00:09:28,301 --> 00:09:30,503 WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF THAT? MORE PEOPLE WILL COME. HOW MANY MORE PEOPLE. 71 00:09:30,569 --> 00:09:37,009 AS ONE WOMAN SAID, WE'RE ONLY 2,500 PEOPLE. WE CAN ONLY LOVE SO MANY PEOPLE AT A TIME. 72 00:09:37,076 --> 00:09:42,949 >> Reporter: THE INN EMPLOYED MORE THAN 300 ISLANDERS. BUT THE REAL PAYOFF IS THE RIPPLE EFFECT. 73 00:09:43,015 --> 00:09:51,557 FOR STARTERS, ALL THE FURNITURE AT THE INN IS LOCALLY MADE. SAME FOR THE PILLOWS AND QUILTS. IT SO HAPPENED THE WOMEN OF FOGO 74 00:09:51,624 --> 00:09:58,397 ISLAND HAVE BEEN MAKING THEM FOR THEIR OWN HOMES FOR 400 YEARS. >> WE'RE GETTING THERE. >> Reporter: WORD IS OUT NOW, 75 00:09:58,464 --> 00:10:05,438 THIS QUILT IS DESTINED FOR A CUSTOMER IN BALTIMORE. WE JOINED THE QUILTING BEE BUT DIDN'T LAST LONG. 76 00:10:05,504 --> 00:10:13,312 >> IT WAS ALL VERY NICE EXCEPT FOR THIS ONE SQUARE. >> THIS IS OUR LATEST ROOM. >> SHOREFAST PUTS UP SEED MONEY 77 00:10:13,379 --> 00:10:18,150 FOR NEW BUSINESSES TOO, A QUARTER OF A MILLION DOLLARS SO FAR. >> AND YOU'RE PUTTING YOUR CLAIM 78 00:10:18,217 --> 00:10:25,758 IN. >> A $7,500 MICROLOAN WENT TO DWIGHT AND HIS FATHER, HAYWARD, A FORMER FISHER WHO LEFT FOGO 79 00:10:25,825 --> 00:10:33,499 ISLAND WHEN THE INDUSTRY COLLAPSED. HE'S BACK NOW AS A HYDE UPONIC FARMER, GROWING GREENS FOR THE 80 00:10:33,566 --> 00:10:37,136 INN. >> THERE'S OUR KALE. >> DOES HAYWARD EAT KALE? >> NOT TOO MUCH. 81 00:10:37,203 --> 00:10:43,676 >> NOT TOO MUCH. >> BEYOND THE KALE, NEW CULTURE IS TAKING ROOT. FUTURISTIC LOOKIN STUDIOS NOW 82 00:10:43,743 --> 00:10:55,521 SPECKLE THE LANDSCAPE, PART OF SHOREFAST'S AMBITION TO BRING ARTISTS AND RESIDENTS TO FOGO. AND BACK AT THE INN, A CHEF 83 00:10:55,588 --> 00:11:03,462 TURNS COD INTO CUISINE. >> IF YOUR DAD SAW COD WITH MAG MAGNOLIA OIL AND SEAFOAM, WHAT WOULD HE SAY? 84 00:11:03,529 --> 00:11:09,168 >> FIRST THING, CAN YOU REALLY EAT THAT? >> YOU CAN DO MORE THAN EAT COD. YOU CAN FISH FOR IT AGAIN. 85 00:11:09,235 --> 00:11:19,045 NOW THAT A DECADES-LONG BAN HAS BEEN EASED, FOGO ISLAND'S FISHERS ARE BACK HAULING COD. WE VENTURED OUT OF FOGO HARBOR 86 00:11:19,111 --> 00:11:24,350 WITH BROTHERS GLEN AND JERRY BEST. THE FIFTH GENERATION OF THEIR FAMILY TO HARVEST THESE WATERS. 87 00:11:24,417 --> 00:11:29,155 >> YOU GO EAST, YOUR NEXT STOP IS IRELAND. >> IRELAND? >> WE'RE NOT GOING THROUGH 88 00:11:29,221 --> 00:11:35,961 TODAY. >> THE BEST BROTHERS SHOWED US THE TRADITIONAL NEWFOUNDLAND WAY OF FISHING WITH A HAND LINE. 89 00:11:36,028 --> 00:11:42,601 150 FEET DOWN, NO RODS, REELS, OR NETS. >> FWNOW WE'RE TALKING. >> THAT'S A BEAUTY. 90 00:11:42,668 --> 00:11:48,340 >> UP COMES COD WITHOUT MUCH OF A FIGHT. >> THAT'S A NICE COD. THAT'S PROBABLY A 20-POUND FISH. 91 00:11:48,407 --> 00:11:55,681 >> COD IS MAKING A COMEBACK IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC. CANADA STILL IMPOSES CATCH LIMITS. 92 00:11:55,748 --> 00:12:02,888 BUT WHEN THE BESTS GET DOWN TO BUSINESS, THEY USE AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM TO DROP THOUSANDS OF HOOKS IN THE WATER AT A TIME. 93 00:12:02,955 --> 00:12:09,528 WE WATCHED THEM OFFLOAD 20,000 POUNDS OF COD FROM A SINGLE TRIP. WHAT'S MORE, SHELL FISH HAS DONE 94 00:12:09,595 --> 00:12:17,536 THE UNTHINKABLE AND DETHRONED COD AS KING. CRAB AND SHRIMP NOW MAKE UP 80% OF GLEN BEST'S BUSINESS, AND 95 00:12:17,603 --> 00:12:26,946 HE'S NEVER HAD A BETTER YEAR. >> YOU TOLD ME YOU CAUGHT 400,000 POUNDS OF SNOW CRAB. AT $7.60 A POUND -- THAT'S 96 00:12:27,012 --> 00:12:31,584 PRETTY GOOD. >> YEAH, THAT WAS A GOOD YEAR. >> Reporter: BUT A THRIVING FISHERY ISN'T ALWAYS ENOUGH TO 97 00:12:31,650 --> 00:12:38,757 KEEP THE KIDS AROUND. BEST'S THREE CHILDREN HAVE MOVED AWAY FROM FOGO TO PURSUE OTHER CAREERS. 98 00:12:38,824 --> 00:12:43,963 >> YOUR FAMILY'S BEEN DOING THIS FOR GENERATIONS. YOU NAMED THIS BOAT AFTER YOUR DAD. 99 00:12:44,029 --> 00:12:51,103 >> THE SAD PART ABOUT IT IS THAT JERRY AND MYSELF, WE PROBABLY COULD BE THE LAST GENERATION THAT WILL FISH WITHIN OUR 100 00:12:51,170 --> 00:12:57,042 FAMILY. WHEN THE DAY THAT COMES THAT THAT HAPPENS, THAT WILL PROBABLY BE A SAD DAY. 101 00:12:57,109 --> 00:13:02,114 >> Reporter: STILL, FOGO ISLAND'S POPULATION HAS STABILIZED. THERE'S HOPE THE NEXT CENSUS 102 00:13:02,181 --> 00:13:09,822 WILL SHOW AN UPTICK. BABIES ARE THE ISLAND'S BIGGEST CELEBRITIES. BUT AS EVER, WITH GROWTH COME 103 00:13:09,889 --> 00:13:15,694 GROWING PAINS. IT'S ALREADY BECOME ONE OF THOSE ISLANDS WHERE YOU HAVE TO PRAY TO GET A SPOT ON THE FERRY. 104 00:13:15,761 --> 00:13:22,101 JENNIFER SEXTON SPENT SUMMERS ON FOGO ISLAND VISITING HER GRANDPARENTS. SHE RECENTLY MOVED HERE FROM 105 00:13:22,168 --> 00:13:30,209 WESTERN CANADA TO OPEN THIS KOOF FEE COFFEE JOINT, WHERE LOCALS MIX WITH THOSE WHO COME AWAY. 106 00:13:30,276 --> 00:13:35,581 >> EVERYBODY ASKS ABOUT THE INN. >> WHAT DO YOU TELL THEM? >> WELL, IT'S A BLESSING AND A CURSE. 107 00:13:35,648 --> 00:13:42,288 >> Reporter: HER REGULARS GLUMABLE THAT NOT LONG AGO, THEY COULD GET A HOME FOR $20,000 CANADIAN. 108 00:13:42,354 --> 00:13:46,625 THOUSAND HOMES COST TEN TIMES AS MUCH. >> FOR SOMEBODY FROM AWAY, THAT WOULDN'T BE A LOT. 109 00:13:46,692 --> 00:13:52,865 BUT FOR SOMEBODY FROM HERE, THAT IS A LOT OF MONEY. >> Reporter: ZITA COBB, THE WOMAN WHO TURNED THIS TIDE, SAYS 110 00:13:52,932 --> 00:13:58,737 SHE DOESN'T WANT UNCHECKED GROWTH EITHER. >> AS THE ECONOMY GROWS, WE WILL BE SMALLER AS A PERCENTAGE OF 111 00:13:58,804 --> 00:14:04,944 THE WHOLE ECONOMY. >> A RARE BUSINESS LEADER THAT WANTS LESS MARKET SHARE. >> WE WANT LESS MARKET SHARE, 112 00:14:05,010 --> 00:14:10,716 EXACTLY. >> YOU SAY THAT WITH A SMILE ON YOUR FACE, BUT THERE'S A LOT OF RESPONSIBILITY HERE. 113 00:14:10,783 --> 00:14:16,855 >> YEAH, I MEAN THE CONSEQUENCES ARE HUGE BECAUSE, AS MY BROTHER SAYS, YES, OUR PARENTS WILL GET OUT OF THE GRAVEYARD AND RING 114 00:14:16,922 --> 00:14:23,395 OUR NECKS IF WE MESS THIS UP. >> WHAT'S YOUR RESPONSE TO THE CAPITALISTS WHO WOULD SAY, WHY ARE YOU LIMITING YOUR GROWTH? 115 00:14:23,462 --> 00:14:28,133 >> THAT IS THE TECHNOECONOMIC QUESTION. BUT I START WITH A DIFFERENT QUESTION. 116 00:14:28,200 --> 00:14:34,907 WHAT ARE WE OPTIMIZING FOR? WE ARE OPTIMIZING FOR PLACE. WE'RE OPTIMIZING FOR COMMUNITY. >> THE PILLARS OF THIS COMMUNITY 117 00:14:34,974 --> 00:14:40,913 HAVE BEEN WON OVER. IF COBB'S EXPERIMENT HELPS DIVERSIFY THE ECONOMY, GLEN BEST SAYS HE'S ALL IN. 118 00:14:40,980 --> 00:14:45,651 >> IT'S NOT LIKE WE'RE OVERRUN BY TOURISM. THAT'S NOT THE WAY IT WORKS HERE. 119 00:14:45,718 --> 00:14:51,357 WE'RE NOT THE VENICE OF NEW FOUNDLAND. WE'RE NOT OUT OF PATIENCE WITH PEOPLE YET. 120 00:14:51,423 --> 00:15:01,300 >> Reporter: ON OUR LAST NIGHT AT THE SHED PARTY, WE GOT THE FULL SWEEP OF FOGO ISLAND, IT'S HOSPITALITY AND ITS CONTRAST 121 00:15:01,367 --> 00:15:13,612 LAID OUT ON THE TABLE. COD AND CRAB, YOUNG AND OLD, WARMTH, WIT, AND THIS. ♪ DOWNTOWN ♪ 122 00:15:13,679 --> 00:15:21,387 >> Reporter: A TRADITIONAL SONG DELIVERED WITH A HANDSHAKE. >> THE UNDOING OF THIS TRADITIONAL WAY OF MAKING A LIFE 123 00:15:21,453 --> 00:15:28,394 WAS VERY PAINFUL. I THINK I STILL CARRY THOSE BROKEN HEARTS. I THINK THAT KIND OF PAIN 124 00:15:28,460 --> 00:15:33,799 DOESN'T GO AWAY. >> TO WHAT EXTENT HAS THAT BEEN REPAIRED BY THE WORK YOU'VE DONE SINCE YOU'VE COME BACK? 125 00:15:33,866 --> 00:15:43,142 >> I THINK IT DOES HELP. YOU CAN HEAL A BROKEN HEART. ♪ BE SATISFIED WITH WHAT YOU'VE GOT ♪ 126 00:15:43,208 --> 00:15:48,080 ♪ LEAVE WELL ENOUGH ALONE ♪ 127 00:15:56,255 --> 00:16:04,463 >>> WHEN WORKERS BROKE GROUND ON AN UNDERGROUND PARKING LOT IN THE HARBOR OF ROME 18 YEARS AGO, THEY HAD NO IDEA WHAT THEIR 128 00:16:04,530 --> 00:16:12,971 BACKHOES WERE ABOUT TO UNEARTH. THE SITE TURNED OUT TO BE WHAT ITALIAN ARCHAEOLOGISTS BELIEVE WHAT WAS ONCE THE PLEASURE 129 00:16:13,038 --> 00:16:19,578 GARDENS OF THE ROMAN EMPEROR CALIGULA, WHERE ALL SORTS OF LAVISH PARTIES AND DEBOTCHED BEHAVIOR LIKELY TOOK PLACE. 130 00:16:19,645 --> 00:16:29,388 CALIGULA BECAME THE THIRD EMPEROR OF ROME IN 37 A.D. AND REIGNED FOR BARELY FOUR YEARS. HE'S DISPLAYED AS ONE OF THE 131 00:16:29,455 --> 00:16:36,328 MOST DERANGED AND DESPICABLE EVER TO RULE. SCHOLARS HAVE BEEN RE-EXAMINING CALIGULA'S STORY TO SEE IF 132 00:16:36,395 --> 00:16:43,302 HISTORY HAS IT RIGHT. COULD WE DISCOVER SOME NEW FRAGMENTS OF TRUTH IN CALIGULA'S GARDENS? 133 00:16:43,369 --> 00:16:50,042 ANDERSON COOPER WENT TO ROME TO FIND OUT. >> THE TEMPLES AND PALACES OF ANCIENT ROAM MAY HAVE CRUMBLED 134 00:16:50,109 --> 00:17:00,152 OF ITS ODDEST EMPERORS LIVES ON. >> BEND YOUR HEADS. I SHALL SEVER EACH ONE AT THE NECK. 135 00:17:00,219 --> 00:17:08,727 >> Reporter: WHAT MOST PEOPLE KNOW ABOUT CALIGULA COMES FROM THIS SERIES, "I, CLAUDIUS," WHICH WAS BASED ON TWO NOVELS BY 136 00:17:08,794 --> 00:17:15,567 ROBERT GRAVES. CALIGULA TURNS HIS PALACE INTO A BROTHEL, MAKES HIS HORSE A HIGH RANKING SENATOR, AND DECLARES 137 00:17:15,634 --> 00:17:23,475 HIMSELF A LIVING GOD. >> FOR NOW, YOU MAY ADDRESS ME AS ZEUS. >> Reporter: IT'S A TORRID TALE 138 00:17:23,542 --> 00:17:34,386 OF INCEST, INFANTICIDE, AND IMPERIAL MADNESS. >> HELP ME. >> Reporter: BUT HOW MUCH OF 139 00:17:34,453 --> 00:17:44,496 THAT PORTRAYAL IS REAL? DID CALIGULA IMPREGNATE HIS SISTER AND THEN EAT HER BABY? >> HE DID NOT IMPREGNATE HIS 140 00:17:44,563 --> 00:17:52,070 SISTER AND EAT HER BABY. >> DID CALIGULA MAKE A HORSE A HIGH RANKING COUNSEL? >> NO. 141 00:17:52,137 --> 00:17:56,542 >> DID HE TURN HIS PALACE INTO A BROTHEL? >> NO. >> WHERE DID ALL THESE IDEAS 142 00:17:56,608 --> 00:18:03,081 COME FROM? >> LARGELY FROM ROBERT GRAVES. HIS "I, CLAUDIUS" NOVELS ARE AWESOME. 143 00:18:03,148 --> 00:18:12,825 BUT HE WASN'T AN ACADEMIC. HE WAS A WRITER. >> ANDREW WALLACE-HADRILL IS AN ACADEMIC, AND HE'S CLOSELY 144 00:18:12,891 --> 00:18:20,766 STUDIED THE FEW WRITTEN ACCOUNTS THAT SURVIVE FROM CALIGULA'S TIME. >> I GREW UP WATCHING "I, 145 00:18:20,833 --> 00:18:26,138 CLAUDIUS." I LOVE THE BOOK. I LOVE THE TV SERIES. YOU'RE TELLING ME A LOT OF THAT 146 00:18:26,205 --> 00:18:32,845 WAS NOT TRUE. >> WHAT I'M NOT DENYING IS THEY HAD SEX IN THE PALACE. OF COURSE THEY HAD SEX. 147 00:18:32,911 --> 00:18:39,918 PRETTY SPECTACULARLY. >> BUT WALLACE-HADRILL DOES BELIEVE CALIGULA COULD BE VERY IMPULSIVE AND BRUTAL. 148 00:18:39,985 --> 00:18:47,326 AND HE DOESN'T RULE OUT THE POSSIBILITY THAT HE MAY HAVE HAD A SEVERE PHYSICAL OR MENTAL DISORDER. 149 00:18:47,392 --> 00:18:57,102 >> I THINK CALIGULA WAS PATHOLOGICAL, THAT HE ACTUALLY DIDN'T CARE ABOUT THE HURT HE CAUSED. 150 00:18:57,169 --> 00:19:11,717 >> WALLACE-HADRILL SAYS ROBERT GRAVES' NOVELS WERE PUBLISHED 80 YEARS AFTER CALIGULA'S DEATH. SUETONIUS HAD TO RELY ON SECOND 151 00:19:11,783 --> 00:19:20,192 HAND STORIES AND GOSSIP FROM MEMBERS OF THE IMPEER COURT. >> THESE MEMBERS OF THE COURT, IT'S LIKE STAFFERS IN THE WHITE 152 00:19:20,259 --> 00:19:27,599 HOUSEMENT HOUSEMENT. IT'S LIKE ALL THOSE PEOPLE IN BUCKINGHAM PALACE. 153 00:19:27,666 --> 00:19:33,872 >> ARCHAEOLOGY CAN HELP PIN DOWN THE PAST. BUT IN A CITY FULL OF AMAZING RUINS, NOT MUCH DIRECTLY LINKED 154 00:19:33,939 --> 00:19:46,184 TO CALIGULA HAD BEEN DISCOVERED. THAT IS UNTIL 2006 WHEN A PENSION FUND FOR ITALIAN DOCTORS CALLED ENPAM STARTED DIGGING A 155 00:19:46,251 --> 00:19:52,858 PARKING GARAGE FOR HIS NEW BUILDING. IN ANCIENT TIMES, THIS WAS A NUMBER OF TRANQUIL GARDEN 156 00:19:52,925 --> 00:20:00,766 ESTATES LOCATED ABOUT TEN MINUTES BY CARRIAGE FROM THE BUSTLING ROMAN FORUM. THESE RECREATIONS FROM ROME'S 157 00:20:00,832 --> 00:20:07,639 SUPERINTENDENT OF ANTIQUITIES GIVE SOME SENSE OF THE SPRAWLING GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS ENJOYED BY EMPERORS AND THEIR GUESTS FOR 158 00:20:07,706 --> 00:20:14,313 ABOUT FOUR CENTURIES. IT TOOK ARCHAEOLOGISTS NINE YEARS TO CAREFULLY RECOVER MORE THAN A MILLION PIECES OF THE 159 00:20:14,379 --> 00:20:20,752 PAST, WHILE AN UNDERGROUND PARKING GARAGE AND MODERN BUILDING WAS BUILT AROUND THEM. EVERYTHING FOUND WAS TAKEN TO A 160 00:20:20,819 --> 00:20:29,094 LARGE WAREHOUSE, WHERE IT WAS CLOSELY ANALYZED, LOGGED INTO A DATABASE, AND WHEN POSSIBLE, PAIN STAKINGLY RESTORED. 161 00:20:29,161 --> 00:20:40,906 THE OFFICE BUILDINGS COMPLETED NOW IN ROME'S NEWEST ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE. THE MUSEUM OPENED IN THE 162 00:20:40,973 --> 00:20:45,844 BASEMENT, PRESERVED SOME OF THE EXCAVATION AND SUGGESTING WHAT A LUSH AND LAVISH PLACE THIS ONCE WAS. 163 00:20:45,911 --> 00:20:52,718 IT CONTAINS THOUSANDS OF ITEMS FROM THE SECOND CENTURY B.C. THROUGH THE FIFTH CENTURY A.D., LIKE THIS DRINKING GLASS THAT 164 00:20:52,784 --> 00:21:02,194 SOMEHOW SURVIVED LARGELY EXACT FOR 1,900 YEARS. DIRECTOR OF EXCAVATIONS TOOK US TO A SMALL STAIRCASE NORMALLY 165 00:21:02,260 --> 00:21:13,338 CLOSED TO THE PUBLIC AND BROUGHT US TO THE LEVEL OF THE GROUND DURING CALIGULA'S TIME. >> SO, BACK THEN IN THE FIRST 166 00:21:13,405 --> 00:21:18,410 CENTURY, 2,000 YEARS AGO, THIS WAS OUTSIDE. >> Translator: IT WAS CLEARLY A GARDEN BECAUSE WE FOUND IN THE 167 00:21:18,477 --> 00:21:24,316 LAYERS TRACES OF THE ROOTS OF THE PLANTS. AND IN THIS PART HERE, THE STAIRCASE CONNECTS WITH THE 168 00:21:24,383 --> 00:21:35,027 VARIOUS LEVELS OF THE GARDEN. >> IS IT POSSIBLE TO WALK ON IT? [ SPEAKING IN A GLOBAL LANGUAGE ] 169 00:21:35,093 --> 00:21:40,899 >> EXCELLENT. >> Reporter: THIS IS WHAT THE TEAM BELIEVES THE AREA LOOKED LIKE DURING CALIGULA'S REIGN. 170 00:21:40,966 --> 00:21:47,372 WE ENDED UP TALKING FOR A LONG TIME ON THE GARDEN STEPS. IS IT ALL RIGHT TO SIT DOWN? >> OKAY. 171 00:21:47,439 --> 00:21:55,280 >> Reporter: THERE WAS SOMETHING ABOUT TOUCHING THOSE OLD SLABS OF MARBLE THAT MADE ANCIENT HISTORY FEEL VERY REAL. 172 00:21:55,347 --> 00:21:59,317 I CAN'T BELIEVE THAT WE ARE SITTING ON THE STEPS THAT CALIGULA MAY HAVE WALKED ON. IT'S AMAZING. 173 00:21:59,384 --> 00:22:05,424 SHE TOLD US THE WATER PIPE BY HER FEET WAS INSTALLED BY CALIGULA'S SUCCESSOR, HIS UNCLE CLAUDIUS. 174 00:22:05,490 --> 00:22:12,898 HIS NAME IS STAMPED ON THE PIPE. ONE OF THE MOST REMARKABLE THINGS ABOUT CALIGULA IS THAT HE LIVED TO BECOME EMPEROR AT ALL. 175 00:22:12,964 --> 00:22:22,207 THE EMPEROR BEFORE HIM, HIS ADOPTIVE GRANDFATHER, TIBERIUS, WAS SUSPECTED OF KILLING CALIGULA'S FATHER, BROMOTHER, A 176 00:22:22,274 --> 00:22:28,580 TWO BROTHERS. HE WAS SUMMONED TO LIVE WITH TIBERIUS AT HIS PALACE. IT SITS HIGH ON A CLIFF AND IT'S 177 00:22:28,647 --> 00:22:35,020 SAID TIBERIUS WOULD HAVE PEOPLE WHO CROSSED HIM TOSSED ONTO ROCKS BELOW. THROUGH SOME COMBINATION OF 178 00:22:35,087 --> 00:22:42,027 FLATTERY AND DECEIT, CALIGULA MANAGED TO SURVIVE HERE FOR SIX YEARS WITH THE MAN WHO MAY HAVE KILLED MUCH OF HIS FAMILY. 179 00:22:42,094 --> 00:22:49,101 HE BECAME TIBERIUS' SUCCESSOR IN 37 A.D. HE WAS JUST 24 YEARS OLD AND IN CHARGE OF AN EMPIRE. 180 00:22:49,167 --> 00:22:58,243 >> HE WAS IN A VERY, VERY DIFFICULT POSITION. I LIKE THE SAYING OF TIBERIUS, WHO SAYS, BEING EMPEROR IS LIKE 181 00:22:58,310 --> 00:23:07,419 HAVING TO HOLD A WOLF BY THE EARS. THERE'S THIS, SORT OF, SAVAGE BEAST THAT CAN TURN ON YOU ANY 182 00:23:07,486 --> 00:23:13,024 MOMENT. >> WHAT IS SO INSECURE ABOUT IT? WAS IT THE SYSTEM ITSELF? >> YOU'VE GOT THIS ENORMOUS 183 00:23:13,091 --> 00:23:22,334 CONCENTRATION OF POWER AND RESOURCE, WEALTH, CONCENTRATED ON THE PALACE IN ROME. AND EVERYONE WANTS IN ON IT. 184 00:23:22,400 --> 00:23:29,775 THEY ARE PREPARED TO DO ANYTHING TO SEIZE THIS POWER. >> BACK THEN, THE ROMAN EMPIRE DOMINATED THE MEDITERRANEAN 185 00:23:29,841 --> 00:23:35,180 WORLD. AND ITEMS FOUND IN THE GARDENS GIVE SOME SENSE OF THE RICHES THAT FLOWED TOWARDS ROME. 186 00:23:35,247 --> 00:23:41,753 RARE AND INTRICATELY CARVED MARBLE FROM THE FAR REACHES OF THE EMPIRE DECORATED THE WALL ES OF THE BUILDINGS. 187 00:23:41,820 --> 00:23:47,926 GLASS RECOVERED AT THE SITE APPEARS TO HAVE BEEN USED IN VERY EARLY WINDOWS, AND LARGE AMOUNTS OF OYSTERS APPEAR TO 188 00:23:47,993 --> 00:23:56,001 HAVE BEEN SERVED AT MEALS. PHER TEAM RECOVERED THE BONES O WILD ANIMALS THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN BROUGHT HERE FROM FAR AWAY 189 00:23:56,067 --> 00:24:03,675 LANDS SHECHLT SHOWED US THE LEG OF AN OSTRICH, THE FOOT OF A LION, AND THE TOOTH OF A BEAR. >> Translator: IT'S EVIDENT THAT 190 00:24:03,742 --> 00:24:12,184 WILD ANIMALS WERE HERE FOR THE ENTERTAINMENT OF THE EMPEROR. GAMES WERE CARRIED OUT HERE WITH GLADIATORS, WE CAN IMAGINE, AND 191 00:24:12,250 --> 00:24:18,990 BATTLES WITH FEROCIOUS BEASTS. >> CALIGULA STARTED IMPROVING ROME'S INFRASTRUCTURE. HE BEGAN WORK ON NEW AQUEDUCTS. 192 00:24:19,057 --> 00:24:31,336 HE ALSO CUT TAXES. SERLORENZI SAYS THIS COIN FOUND IN THE GARDENS WAS MINTED TO REMIND ROMANS THAT CALIGULA GOT 193 00:24:31,403 --> 00:24:36,708 RID OF SALES TAX. >> POLITICIANS WERE JUST LIKE POLITICIANS TODAY. IF THEY CUT TAXES, THEY WANTED 194 00:24:36,775 --> 00:24:42,447 EVERYBODY TO KNOW ABOUT IT. >> Translator: THAT'S EXACTLY RIGHT. THE COINS ARE A FORM OF IMPERIAL 195 00:24:42,514 --> 00:24:49,955 PROPAGANDA. >> Reporter: BUT SOMETHING CHANGED AS THE YEARS PROGRESSED. SUETONIUS SAID CALIGULA WANTED 196 00:24:50,021 --> 00:25:03,335 TO BE TREATED AS A GOD. >> THIS COLUMN HAS BEEN STANDING THERE FOR MORE THAN 2,000 YEARS. >> THAT'S INCREDIBLE. 197 00:25:03,401 --> 00:25:14,045 >> Reporter: PAOLO CARAFA HAS BEEN STUDYING THE ROMAN FORUM AREA FOR MORE THAN 35 YEARS. >> SO, ACCORDING TO SUETONIUS, 198 00:25:14,112 --> 00:25:19,484 CALIGULA EXTENDED HIS HOUSE UP TO THAT TEMPLE. >> ARE EXACTLY. >> HAVE YOU FOUND EVIDENCE OF 199 00:25:19,551 --> 00:25:28,593 THAT? >> BEHIND THE TEMPLE, RECENT EXCAVATION HAVE IDENTIFIED FRAGMENTS OF A LARGE HOUSE, A 200 00:25:28,660 --> 00:25:33,498 LUXURY HOUSE. >> HE CAN'T SAY FOR SURE IT WAS CALIGULA'S HOUSE, BUT HE SAYS IT COMES FROM THAT TIME PERIOD. 201 00:25:33,565 --> 00:25:40,372 AND ONLY AN EMPEROR LIKE CALIGULA WOULD HAVE DARED DO SOMETHING SO SHOCKING. >> HE WANTED THE TEMPLE TO BE 202 00:25:40,438 --> 00:25:48,914 THE ENTRANCE TO HIS OWN HOUSE. >> THAT'S RIGHT. WHICH IS QUITE UNUSUAL. >> ONE OF THE THINGS "I, 203 00:25:48,980 --> 00:25:59,724 CLAUDIUS DID THIS CLAUDIUS" SEEMS TO HAVE GOTTEN RIGHT WAS CALIGULA'S BRUTALITY. >> HE'S NOT ONLY BRUTAL. 204 00:25:59,791 --> 00:26:05,530 HE THINKS IT'S AMUSING. HE TAKES PLEASURE IN IT. >> PERHAPS THE MOST TELLING ACCOUNT COMES FROM A 205 00:26:05,597 --> 00:26:12,904 CONTEMPORARY OF CALIGULA'S THE PHILOSOPHER SENECA, WHO DESCRIBES HOW CALIGULA INVITED A FATHER TO A FESTIVE DINNER ON 206 00:26:12,971 --> 00:26:20,979 THE DAY HE EXECUTED THE MAN'S SON. >> AND AT THE DINNER, HE INSISTS THAT THE FATHER SHOULD HAVE A 207 00:26:21,046 --> 00:26:27,319 JOLLY TIME. HE PLIES HIM WITH WINE AND FOOD. HE EVEN PLIES HIM WITH PERFUME AND A GARLAND. 208 00:26:27,385 --> 00:26:34,592 >> ON THE VERY DAY HIS SON -- >> ON THE VERY DAY. AND SENECA SAYS, HOW ON EARTH COULD HE ENDURE TO DO IT. 209 00:26:34,659 --> 00:26:44,369 AND THE ANSWER IS, HE HAD A SECOND SON. AND I THINK THAT ANECDOTE JUST EVOKES THE ATMOSPHERE OF TERROR 210 00:26:44,436 --> 00:26:56,147 OF THE COURT OF CALIGULA. >> AS "I, CLAUDIUS" SHOWED, THE END CAME IN 41 A.D., WHEN CALIGULA WAS STABBED TO DEATH BY 211 00:26:56,214 --> 00:27:02,787 MEMBERS OF HIS OWN IMPERIAL GUARD. >> HE'S KILLED BY HIS OWN GUARDSMEN, BUT THEN THEY HAVEN'T 212 00:27:02,854 --> 00:27:08,226 GOT A CANDIDATE. >> THEY HAVE NOBODY WAITING TO TAKE OVER. >> THEY HAVE NO ONE IN THE 213 00:27:08,293 --> 00:27:16,167 WINGS, EXCEPT POOR OLD CLAUDIUS. >> DOES THAT ARGUE THE POINT HE HAD TO HAVE BEEN REALLY AWFUL IF THEY WERE SO MOTIVATED TO JUST 214 00:27:16,234 --> 00:27:24,642 KILL HIM. >> YEP, YEP, YEP. IT'S AN ASSASSINATION BORN OF ANGER, HUMILIATION, DISGUST. 215 00:27:24,709 --> 00:27:35,120 WE CAN'T TAKE THIS ANYMORE. >> LONG AFTER THE ASSASSINATION ITSELF, SOME HISTORIANS BELIEVE CALIGULA'S ENEMIES ASSASSINATED 216 00:27:35,186 --> 00:27:42,494 HIS MEMORY AS EL WITH. >> THERE'S A NUMBER OF SCHOLARS WHO ARGUED THAT CALIGULA'S CRITICS TIS 217 00:27:42,560 --> 00:27:50,935 CRITICS DISTORTED HIS MEMORY, THAT THEY HAVE FALSELY MADE HIM OUT TO BE FAR WORSE THAN HE WAS. >> IT'S LIKE ENTERING A HALL OF 218 00:27:51,002 --> 00:28:01,046 MIRRORS AND YOU KNOW SOME ARE CONCAVE AND SOME ARE CONVEX, AND THERE ARE NO FLAT MIRRORS. >> ISN'T THAT TERRIFYING THAT 219 00:28:01,112 --> 00:28:06,718 WHAT WE THINK WE KNOW ABOUT HISTORY IS SO DEPENDENT ON RUMORS OR -- >> BUT I THINK IT'S AN ENORMOUS 220 00:28:06,785 --> 00:28:17,762 MISTAKE TO LOOK AT THE PAST AS A SERIES OF SOLID ROCKS. THAT WAS DEFINITELY THERE AND THAT WAS DEFINITELY -- IT'S A 221 00:28:17,829 --> 00:28:24,235 GREAT MORASS, A FLOWING SEA. I THINK ANCIENT HISTORY IS VERY GOOD FOR PEOPLE BECAUSE IT'S GOT SO MUCH UNCERTAINTY IN IT. 222 00:28:24,302 --> 00:28:33,745 >> BUT WHY IS IT GOOD THAT THERE'S A LOT OF MISINFORMATION? >> IT'S GOOD BECAUSE THE WORLD WE LIVE IN IS FULL OF 223 00:28:33,812 --> 00:28:39,184 MISINFORMATION, AS WE HAVE LEARNED SPECTACULARLY IN RECENT YEARS, YOU KNOW? PEOPLE INVENT TRUTHS. 224 00:28:39,250 --> 00:28:46,791 YOU HAVE TO BE SKEPTICAL. >> AS WE PREPARE TO LEAVE THE MUSEUM, WE COULDN'T HELP THINKING ABOUT HOW TIME TRAMPLES 225 00:28:46,858 --> 00:28:53,031 EVEN THE MIGHTIEST OF EMPIRES, TURNING LAVISH GARDENS INTO UNDERGROUND PARKING LOTS. >> WHAT DO YOU THINK CALIGULA 226 00:28:53,098 --> 00:29:00,972 WOULD THINK OF WHAT'S HAPPENED TO HIS GARDENS? >> Translator: I THINK HE'D BE IN TOTAL DISAGREEMENT, AND I 227 00:29:01,039 --> 00:29:07,078 DON'T THINK HE'D BE VERY HAPPY THAT WE'RE SITTING ON A STAIRCASE. 228 00:29:09,647 --> 00:29:21,526 >>> HOW DID A MOSAIC FROM CALIGULA'S REIGN TURN UP AS A COFFEE TABLE IN A NEW YORK CITY APARTMENT? 229 00:29:27,966 --> 00:29:39,377 >>> MOZAMBIQUE'S GORONGOSA NATIONAL PARK WAS THE ENVY OF AFRICA. BEGINNING IN THE 1960s A MAN 230 00:29:39,444 --> 00:29:46,918 MADE CATASTROPHE SLAUGHTERED THE ANIMALS UNTIL IT WAS SAID THERE WAS NOTHING LEFT BUT MOSQUITOS AND LAND MINES. 231 00:29:46,985 --> 00:29:55,393 IN 2008, WE FOLLOWED AN AMERICAN ENT TREMENDOUS ENTREPRENEUR WHO DREAMED OF TURNING IT TO GREATNESS. 232 00:29:55,460 --> 00:30:05,837 AS SCOTT PELLEY REPORTED IN DECEMBER 2022, "60 MINUTES" COULDN'T RESIST A RETURN TO GUILTY OR INNOCENT GOSA, WHEN 233 00:30:05,904 --> 00:30:14,679 CARR ACCEPTEDS OUT INVITATIONS LIKE THIS. >> JUST COME SIT BY THE SUNSET BY THE LAKE IN THE CENTER OF 234 00:30:14,746 --> 00:30:22,720 THIS NATIONAL PARK. I MEAN, TIME STOPS. AND YOU GET 100 COLORS OF YELLOW AND 100 COLORS OF ORANGE, AND 235 00:30:22,787 --> 00:30:30,562 THEN THE DUSK SETS IN. AND THEN A FLOCK OF BIRDS GO OVER THE WATER AND THERE'S A HIPPO OVER THERE MAKING A NOISE. 236 00:30:30,628 --> 00:30:37,735 AND THERE'S AN IMPALA OVER THERE. AND, YOU KNOW, IT'S LIKE, WELL, I COULD HAVE BEEN HERE 100,000 237 00:30:37,802 --> 00:30:48,179 YEARS AGO AND IT MIGHT HAVE BEEN THE SAME. >> Reporter: GREG CARR'S WONDER IS ALMOST LIKE DISBELIEF. 238 00:30:48,246 --> 00:30:53,685 A MILLION ACRES OF AFRICA REBORN. >> WHEN I FIRST CAME HERE IN 2004, I COULD DRIVE AROUND WITH 239 00:30:53,751 --> 00:31:02,860 MY MOZAMBIQUEN FRIENDS ALL DAY LONG. AND IF WE WERE LUCKY, MAYBE WE WOULD SEE ONE BABOON OR ONE WART 240 00:31:02,927 --> 00:31:08,866 HOG OR SOMETHING. NOW WE DRIVE AROUND AND IT'S AN OCEAN OF WILDLIFE. COME AROUND THE CORNER, THERE'S 241 00:31:08,933 --> 00:31:16,774 A HERD OF ELEPHANTS. GO THE OTHER DIRECTION, THERE'S SOME LION CUBS. 10,000 WATER BUCK. 242 00:31:16,841 --> 00:31:22,347 AND I SAY TO MYSELF, YOU KNOW WHAT? NATURE CAN REBOUND. >> THE REBOUND IS IN SOUTHEAST 243 00:31:22,413 --> 00:31:31,122 AFRICA, NEAR THE CENTER OF MOZAMBIQUE. HERE, 28 YEARS OF WAR FROM THE '60s TO THE '90s KILLED AN 244 00:31:31,189 --> 00:31:41,366 ESTIMATED 1 MILLION PEOPLE AND WIPED OUT 95% OF THE WILDLIFE IN GORONGOSA FOR FOOD AND PROFIT. AS THE WAR RAGED IN THE 1980s, 245 00:31:41,432 --> 00:31:48,873 GREG CARR WAS A TECH ENTREPRENEUR, WHO'D MADE A FORTUNE PERFECTING VOICE MAIL. HE QUIT BUSINESS TO DEVOTE 246 00:31:48,940 --> 00:32:01,519 HIMSELF TO HUMAN RIGHTS. AND IN 2004, HE MET MOZAMBIQUE'S PRESIDENT, JOACHIM CHISSANO, WHO MADE A WILD PITCH. 247 00:32:01,586 --> 00:32:07,058 >> HE SAID, LOOK, PLEASE COME TO MOZAMBIQUE AND HELP US. WE WANT TO RESTORE OUR NATIONAL PARK. 248 00:32:07,125 --> 00:32:14,065 >> WHEN WE FLEW OVER THIS, I SAID, THIS IS IT. >> WHEN WE MET CARR IN 2008, HIS NON-PROFIT FOUNDATION HAD SIGNED 249 00:32:14,132 --> 00:32:20,838 A 20-YEAR CONTRACT WITH MOZAMBIQUE. HIS PLAN WAS TO IMPORT ANIMALS FROM ALL OVER AFRICA. 250 00:32:20,905 --> 00:32:33,584 >> WELL, STEP ONE, WE HAD TO REMOVE 20,000 TRAPS AND WIRE SNARES THAT WERE LEFT IN THIS PARK, LEFTOVER FROM THE WAR. 251 00:32:33,651 --> 00:32:39,324 GET RID OF ALL THOSE. BECAUSE WHEN I FIRST CAME HERE, I MEAN, WE THINK WE HAD FIVE OR SIX LIONS MAYBE. 252 00:32:39,390 --> 00:32:48,700 >> IN A MILLION ACRES. >> IN A MILLION ACRES. AND THE LIONS THAT WE DID HAVE, MOST OF THEM HAD THREE LEGS 253 00:32:48,766 --> 00:32:54,405 BECAUSE THEY'D STEPPED ON A TRAP OR SOMETHING. SECOND, SOME OF THE SPECIES WERE GONE COMPLETELY. 254 00:32:54,472 --> 00:33:06,050 SO, WE BRING IN 200 BUFFALO. WE BRING IN 200 WILD BEAST. WHEN YOU'VE GOT ENOUGH HERBIVORES, YOU WANT THE 255 00:33:06,117 --> 00:33:12,557 CARNIVORES BACK. WE REINTRODUCED LEOPARDS. THE LIONS ALL BY THEMSELVES, THEIR NUMBERS TOOK OFF. 256 00:33:12,623 --> 00:33:21,432 FROM FIVE OR SIX LIONS, WE NOW HAVE PROBABLY 200. >> GORONGOSA'S LION CONSERVATION IS URGENT BECAUSE SINCE 1950, 257 00:33:21,499 --> 00:33:31,709 AFRICA'S LION POPULATION HAS FALLEN FROM HALF A MILLION TO 20,000 DUE TO HABITAT LOSS AND HUNTING. 258 00:33:31,776 --> 00:33:40,918 WE SAW HOW GORONGOSA IS PROTECTING ITS LIONS ON A MISSION WITH PARK VETERINARIAN ANTONIO 259 00:33:40,985 --> 00:33:45,656 ANTONIO PAOLO. PAOLO FIRED A TRANQUILIZER DART -- >> RIGHT ON TARGET. 260 00:33:45,723 --> 00:33:59,036 >> -- AND A 300-POUND LIONESS LED US ON A CHASE. SHE LEFT US BEHIND, BUT SHE COULDN'T OUTRUN THE SEDATIVE. 261 00:33:59,103 --> 00:34:13,551 >> THERE SHE IS. >> SLEEPING. >> SHE'D BE OUT ABOUT AN HOUR, AS DR. PAOLO CHANGED HER GPS 262 00:34:13,618 --> 00:34:21,426 RECORDER. A BIT OF EAR WAS NICKED FOR GENETIC TESTS. AND THEN THERE WAS A SURPRISE. 263 00:34:21,492 --> 00:34:25,296 >> YOU THINK SHE'S PREGNANT? >> YEAH. SHE LOOKS LIKE PREGNANT. >> AND THERE IS THE FUTURE OF 264 00:34:25,363 --> 00:34:30,401 THE PARK. >> YES, THE FUTURE CUBS OF THE PARK. >> LATER, SHE AWOKE AND HEADED 265 00:34:30,468 --> 00:34:42,046 OUT WITH HER FUTURE CUB. >> I NEVER IMAGINED IT WOULD GO SO WELL OR SO FAST. IN 2018, WE DID AN AERIAL 266 00:34:42,113 --> 00:34:51,689 SURVEY. SO, COUNTING ONLY THE BIG ANIMALS, WE COUNTED 100,000 LARGE ANIMALS FROM THE AIR. 267 00:34:51,756 --> 00:35:01,232 >> Reporter: THRILLED AS HE IS, IT WASN'T WILDLIFE THAT DREW THIS 63-YEAR-OLD IDAHO NATIVE TO AFRICA. 268 00:35:01,299 --> 00:35:12,643 IN 2008, HE INTRODUCED US TO THE 200,000 PEOPLE LIVING AROUND THE PARK, SURVIVORS OF THE WARS, LIVING ON A DOLLAR A DAY. 269 00:35:12,710 --> 00:35:18,282 >> PEOPLE HAVE NOTHING. THEY DIDN'T HAVE CLOTHES. THEY WERE WEARING RAGS OR MADE CLOTHES OUT OF TREE BARK. 270 00:35:18,349 --> 00:35:23,621 THEY WERE EATING INSECTS AND TRYING TO CATCH MICE. THAT'S WHEN IT STRUCK ME, THIS NATIONAL PARK'S GOING TO HAVE TO 271 00:35:23,688 --> 00:35:31,128 HELP THE PEOPLE. >> Reporter: TODAY, GORONGOSA NATIONAL PARK EMPLOYS 1,600 WORKERS. 272 00:35:31,195 --> 00:35:40,938 TOURISM BRINGS IN CASH, WHICH GOES TO THE PEOPLE AND TO THE PARK. AND GREG CARR HAS PARTNERED WITH 273 00:35:41,005 --> 00:35:48,579 THE GOVERNMENT ON HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATION. CARR IS THE BIGGEST DONOR, BUT U.S. FOREIGN AID KICKS IN ABOUT 274 00:35:48,646 --> 00:35:55,119 6 MILLION A YEAR. >> WE NOW WORK IN 89 PRIMARY SCHOOLS, WHICH IS EVERY SINGLE SCHOOL THAT SURROUNDS THIS 275 00:35:55,186 --> 00:36:00,057 NATIONAL PARK. WE'RE TRAINING 600 SCHOOL TEACHERS RIGHT NOW. NOW, THINK ABOUT HOW DIFFICULT 276 00:36:00,124 --> 00:36:07,365 IT IS TO CREATE A SCHOOL SYSTEM WHEN YOU DON'T HAVE SCHOOL TEACHERS THAT KNOW HOW TO READ AND WRITE BECAUSE OF GENERATIONS 277 00:36:07,431 --> 00:36:13,971 OF WAR. NOW, SOMETHING WE REALLY FOCUSED ON AS STEP ONE WAS REALLY VULNERABLE GIRLS. 278 00:36:14,038 --> 00:36:22,813 A LOT OF TIMES WHAT HAPPENS IN THE POOR FAMILIES AROUND HERE, A GIRL TURNS 13 OR 14, AND THE FAMILY SAYS, WELL, IT'S TIME FOR 279 00:36:22,880 --> 00:36:27,518 HER TO GET MARRIED. IT MAY NOT BE WHAT THEY WANT, BUT THEY THINK THERE'S NO OTHER CHOICE. 280 00:36:27,585 --> 00:36:35,560 SHE MARRIES A FARMER, AND THAT'S IT. SO, WE STARTED SOMETHING CALLED THE GIRLS CLUB. 281 00:36:35,626 --> 00:36:49,340 >> THERE ARE 3,000 GIRLS IN 92 AFTERSCHOOL CLUBS. THE PROGRAM IS LED BY LARISSA SOUSA. 282 00:36:49,407 --> 00:36:54,278 >> WHY IS THIS THE JOB OF A CONSERVATION PARK? >> WHY NOT? IT SHOULD BE THE JOB FOR 283 00:36:54,345 --> 00:36:58,683 EVERYONE. EDUCATION IS FOR EVERYONE. >> THE CLUBS PROVIDE THE RESOURCES TO GET THE GIRLS INTO 284 00:36:58,749 --> 00:37:06,824 HIGH SCHOOL, AND IT GIVES STUDENTS AN ANSWER TO OUR QUESTION, WHICH FIVE YEARS AGO WOULDN'T HAVE MADE SENSE. 285 00:37:06,891 --> 00:37:15,833 WHAT DO YOU WANT TO BE? WE HAVE A TEACHER, A NURSE, A CONSERVATION PARK RANGER, AND ANOTHER NURSE. 286 00:37:15,900 --> 00:37:21,439 >> ANOTHER NURSE, YES. WHEN WE STARTED THE PROGRAM, THEY DIDN'T KNOW THAT THEY HAD THIS CHOICE. 287 00:37:21,505 --> 00:37:26,177 >> AND NOW THEY DO. >> NOW THEY DO. >> THIS LAND BELONGS TO THESE PEOPLE. 288 00:37:26,243 --> 00:37:31,816 THEY'VE BEEN HERE FOREVER. IT'S THEIR ANIMALS. IT'S THEIR LAND. IT'S THEIR TREES. 289 00:37:31,882 --> 00:37:40,491 IT'S THEIR CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL HERITAGE. IT'S AN IDEA THAT CAME FROM MY HERO, NELSON MANDELA. 290 00:37:40,558 --> 00:37:45,429 THE IDEA WAS TO CREATE A HUMAN RIGHTS PARK. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN, RIGHT? A PARK THAT CARES ABOUT THE 291 00:37:45,496 --> 00:37:53,204 PEOPLE, A PARK THAT BELONGS TO THE PEOPLE. SO, INSTEAD OF A PARK TURNING ITS BACK ON THE PEOPLE, A PARK 292 00:37:53,270 --> 00:38:01,646 OPENING ITSELF TO PEOPLE SAYING, THIS IS YOUR PARK, THIS IS YOUR ANIMALS, THESE ARE YOUR OPPORTUNITIES. 293 00:38:01,712 --> 00:38:05,783 SPORN [ SINGING IN GLOBAL LANGUAGE ] WE SAW THOSE OPPORTUNITIES ON MOUNT GUILTY OR INNOCENT GOSA, 294 00:38:05,850 --> 00:38:13,724 WHICH WAS STRIPPED OF TREES DURING THE WARS. HERE CARR'S NON-PROFIT FOUNDATION IS GIVING AWAY COFFEE 295 00:38:13,791 --> 00:38:22,867 TREES. 868 FAMILY FARMERS WORKING FOR THEMSELVES ARE EARNING FAR MORE THAN EVER, SO THEY CAN'T PLANT 296 00:38:22,933 --> 00:38:29,640 TREES FAST ENOUGH, WHICH REFOREST THE MOUNTAIN. CARR'S FOUNDATION BUYS THE BEANS AT ABOVE THE MARKET RATE AND 297 00:38:29,707 --> 00:38:40,351 BUILT THE FARMERS A ROASTING PLANT. THERE'S NO BETTER EXAMPLE OF CARR'S MODEL FOR LIFTING PEOPLE 298 00:38:40,418 --> 00:38:49,593 AND HEALING THE WILD. IT'S WORKING. BUT THE LAST 14 YEARS HAVEN'T BEEN SWEET MUSIC ALONE. 299 00:38:49,660 --> 00:38:55,599 SINCE WE WERE HERE IN 2008, THERE HAVE BEEN ENORMOUS ROAD BLOCKS TO THIS PROJECT. >> THAT'S RIGHT. 300 00:38:55,666 --> 00:39:04,542 IF I HAD KNOWN THEN WHAT WAS GOING TO COME. >> WHAT CAME WAS ANOTHER CIVIL WAR IN 2013. 301 00:39:04,608 --> 00:39:15,986 AND THEN IN 2019, A CYCLONE LEVELLED 100,000 HOMES. >> THERE WAS THE SIX YEARS OF WAR, AND THEN THE CYCLONE. 302 00:39:16,053 --> 00:39:23,394 WHEN CYCLONE IDAI HIT, BASICALLY EVERY ONE OF OUR EMPLOYEES BECAME A FIRST RESPONDER. SO, IN OTHER WORDS, OH, THERE'S 303 00:39:23,461 --> 00:39:31,869 AN ELEPHANT RIGHT THERE. >> THERE CERTAINLY IS. >> WE JUST HAVE TO STOP AND SAY MELLOW TO THE ELEPHANT. 304 00:39:31,936 --> 00:39:36,874 >> WE COULDN'T FIND THE WILDLIFE IN 2008 -- >> AND NOW THEY'RE INTERRUPTING OUR INTERVIEW. 305 00:39:36,941 --> 00:39:43,981 >> AND NOW THEY'RE WALKING IN ON THE INTERVIEW. >> WELL. >> WAS THERE EVER A TIME THAT 306 00:39:44,048 --> 00:39:49,954 YOU THOUGHT TO YOURSELF, I DID MY BEST BUT THIS JUST ISN'T GOING TO BE HUMANLY POSSIBLE. >> NOT FOR A SECOND. 307 00:39:50,020 --> 00:39:59,396 NOT FOR ONE SECOND. >> WITH THE CYCLONES, WITH THE RETURN OF THE CIVIL WAR. >> I JUST THINK EVERY TIME 308 00:39:59,463 --> 00:40:04,235 SOMETHING LIKE THAT HAPPENS, IT JUST MAKES YOU MORE DETERMINED, NOT LESS DETERMINED. AND WHEN YOU'VE GOT PEOPLE 309 00:40:04,301 --> 00:40:10,474 SUFFERING IN A WAR THAT NEED HELP OR PEOPLE SUFFERING IN A CYCLONE THAT NEED HELP, YOU'RE MORE COMMITTED. 310 00:40:10,541 --> 00:40:23,854 YOU DON'T LOSE COMMITMENT AT A TIME LIKE THAT. >> WE SAW COMMITMENT IN THE RANGERS WHO PROTECT THE PARK. 311 00:40:23,921 --> 00:40:35,132 [ SINGING IN GLOBAL LANGUAGE ] FOR THE FLORA AND THE FAUNA THEY SING, WE WILL DIE FOR OUR PARK. PART OF WHAT THEY PROTECT ARE 312 00:40:35,199 --> 00:40:44,975 ENDANGERED SPECIES, INCLUDING THIS MAMMAL WITH A BOTTOMLESS TASTE FOR TERMITES. PENG LYNNS ARE HUNTED FOR THEIR 313 00:40:45,042 --> 00:40:57,755 SCALES, WHICH ARE PRIZED IN FOLK MEDICINE. MERCIA ANGELA TELLS US THAT PENG LYNNS RIDE ON THEIR MOTHERS' 314 00:40:57,822 --> 00:41:02,626 BACKS. BUT WE FOUND ANY BACK WILL DO. >> HE NATURALLY GOES RIGHT UP TO THE SHOULDER AND HANGS ON YOUR 315 00:41:02,693 --> 00:41:08,332 BACK. >> YEAH. >> POWERFUL TAIL. >> YEAH. 316 00:41:08,399 --> 00:41:12,269 THE TAIL IS VERY POWERFUL. THEY'RE ALSO USED FOR PROTECTION. >> I'M SURPRISED THEY'RE SO 317 00:41:12,336 --> 00:41:18,175 DOCILE. I MEAN, THIS IS A WILD ANIMAL. >> YES, IT'S A WILD ANIMAL. >> SUCCESS. 318 00:41:18,242 --> 00:41:27,518 >> BUT FOR US, THE MOST INTERESTING ANIMAL IN THE PARK -- [ SPEAKING IN A GLOBAL 319 00:41:27,585 --> 00:41:33,023 LANGUAGE ] >> -- IS GREG CARR, AN ENTREPRENEUR WITH THE EMPATHY TO SEE, THE HUMILITY TO LISTEN, AND 320 00:41:33,090 --> 00:41:42,333 THE OPTIMISM TO ACT. HIS BUSINESS MODEL IS CREATING A NEW ECOSYSTEM, WHERE ANIMALS THAT WERE HUNTED ARE SUDDENLY 321 00:41:42,399 --> 00:41:49,807 WORTH MUCH MORE ALIVE. >> HOW MUCH OF YOUR PERSONAL FORTUNE HAVE YOU PUT INTO THIS? >> WELL, I'D LIKE TO KEEP THAT A 322 00:41:49,874 --> 00:41:55,679 SECRET. BUT UNFORTUNATELY I THINK, YOU KNOW, YOU COLD PROBABLY DO THE MATH AND FIGURE IT OUT. 323 00:41:55,746 --> 00:42:05,723 IT'S MORE THAN $100 MILLION. MY MESSAGE TO ANYBODY WITH MONEY IS -- WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO? STICK IT ALL IN YOUR CASKET? 324 00:42:05,789 --> 00:42:13,063 WHY NOT ENJOY THE JOY OF PHILANTHROPY? I WOULD SAY TO THE BILLIONAIRE NEXT DOOR, GO OUT AND ENJOY 325 00:42:13,130 --> 00:42:20,638 SPENDING YOUR MONEY TO HELP SOME PEOPLE. >> FIND YOUR GORONGOSA. >> GO FIND YOUR GORONGOSA. 326 00:42:20,704 --> 00:42:26,343 AND IT WILL BLESS YOU MORE THAN YOU CAN POSSIBLY EVER BLESS IT. 327 00:42:35,185 --> 00:42:52,102 . >>> I'M JON WERTHEIM. THANKS FOR JOINING US.