PRESENTS," TAKE ME AWAY. THE SAYING GOES, "YOU'LL KNOW THE NEWFOUNDLANDERS IN HEAVEN; THEY'LL BE THE ONES WHO WANT TO
GO HOME." AND THE ADAGE COMES TO LIFE ON FOGO ISLAND, A 90-SQUARE-MILE PATCHWORK OF TEN MINISCULE
FISHING VILLAGES WHERE CLAPBOARD HOUSES THE COLOR OF JELLY BEANS CLING TO ROCK 400 MILLION YEARS OLD.
AMONG ITS QUIRKS, NEWFOUNDLAND HAS ITS OWN TIME ZONE, HALF AN HOUR AHEAD OF THE MAINLAND. BUT WANDER THROUGH FOGO ISLAND'S
VILLAGES, AND YOU MIGHT AS WELL SET YOUR WATCH BACK TO THE 18th CENTURY. >>> THAT'S THE TEMPLE OF CASTOR
AND POLLUX? THE ROMAN EMPIRE CENTERED AROUND CONQUESTS AND THE OUTSIZED PERSONALITIES OF ITS EMPERORS.
RESEARCH AND ARCHAEOLOGY CONTINUE TO SEARCH FOR RELIABLE EVIDENCE FROM THAT TIME, AND TONIGHT WE'LL INTRODUCE YOU TO
SOME NEW DISCOVERIES ABOUT ONE OF THE MOST WRITTEN ABOUT ONE OF THE MOST WRITTEN ABOUT, IF NOT MISUNDERSTOOD, EMPERORS OF ALL
TIME -- CALIGULA. >> I CAN'T BELIEVE THAT WE ARE SITTING ON THE STEPS THAT CALIGULA MAY HAVE WALKED ON.
IT'S AMAZING. >>> JUST COME AND SIT AT A SUNSET BY THE LAKE, IN THE CENTER OF THIS NATIONAL PARK.
I MEAN, TIME STOPS, AND YOU GET 100 COLORS OF YELLOW AND 100 COLORS OF ORANGE. AND THEN THE DUSK SETS IN.
OH, THERE'S AN ELEPHANT RIGHT THERE. >> IS THERE? >> OH, THERE CERTAINLY IS.
>> I JUST HAVE TO STOP AND SAY HELLO TO THE ELEPHANT.
>>> GOOD EVENING. I'M JON WERTHEIM. WELCOME TO "60 MINUTES PRESENTS."
ON A DISMAL, RAW AND RAINY DAY, WHO HASN'T THOUGHT, EVEN BEGGED, TAKE ME AWAY? TONIGHT, WE'LL DO JUST THAT.
WE'LL TRANSPORT YOU TO ANCIENT ROME, WHERE, THROUGH THE EYES OF ARCHAEOLOGISTS, ANDERSON COOPER VISITS THE UNEARTHED PLEASURE
GARDENS OF THE EMPEROR CALIGULA. THEN, IT'S OFF TO AFRICA WHERE SCOTT PELLEY CHECKS INTO A VERY DIFFERENT PLEASURE GARDEN.
MOZAMBIQUE'S GORONGOSA NATIONAL PARK, TRANSFORMED FROM WASTELAND TO WILDLIFE PARADISE THROUGH THE EFFORTS OF AN AMERICAN
ENTREPRENEUR. BUT WE BEGIN TONIGHT AT THE OTHER END OF THE WORLD, AN ISLAND OFF AN ISLAND IN THE
ATLANTIC. A REMOTE JEWEL OF LAND OFF THE COAST OF CANADA, FOGO ISLAND FLOATS IN THE NORTHEAST CORNER
OF THE NORTHEAST PROVINCE OF NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR, THE OUTSTRETCHED RIGHT FINGERTIP OF THIS CONTINENT.
THE PLACE MIGHT BE DROP-DEAD GORGEOUS, BUT IT WASN'T IMMUNE TO THE FATE BEFALLING SO MANY SMALL AND ISOLATED COMMUNITIES
IN NORTH AMERICA. ITS ONE AND ONLY INDUSTRY WENT INTO STEEP DECLINE, AND SO, IN TURN, DID ITS POPULATION.
THEN, IN THE EARLY 2000s, A LOCAL RETURNED HOME, FRESH OFF MAKING A FORTUNE IN THE TECH SECTOR.
HER POCKETS WERE DEEP. SO WAS HER DESIRE TO LIFT UP THE PLACE AND BRING PEOPLE BACK. SO, SHE UNLEASHED A SORT OF
ECONOMIC EXPERIMENT. AS WE FIRST TOLD YOU IN 2021, WE TOOK TWO PLANES, A LONG DRIVE AND A FERRY TO REACH FOGO ISLAND
AND CHECK ON THE RESULTS. THE SAYING HERE GOES, "YOU'LL KNOW THE NEWFOUNDLANDERS IN HEAVEN; THEY'LL BE THE ONES WHO
WANT TO GO HOME." AND THE ADAGE COMES TO LIFE ON FOGO ISLAND, A 90-SQUARE-MILE PATCHWORK OF TEN MINISCULE
FISHING HOUSES WHERE CLAPBOARD HOUSES THE COLOR OF JELLY BEANS CLING TO ROCK 400 MILLION YEARS OLD.
AMONG ITS QUIRKS, NEWFOUNDLAND HAS ITS OWN TIME ZONE, HALF AN HOUR AHEAD OF THE MAINLAND. BUT WANDER THROUGH FOGO ISLANDS
VILLAGE AND YOU MIGHT AS WELL SET YOUR WATCH BACK TO THE 18th CENTURY. BACK THEN ALL YOU NEEDED TO GET
BY HERE WAS A PIG, A POTATO PATCH, AND SOMETHING CALLED A PUNT, A SMALL WOODEN FISHING BOAT USED IN PURSUIT OF NORTH
ATLANTIC COD, THE SPECIES THAT ONCE KEPT THIS PLACE AFLOAT. SEEMINGLY EVERY STRUCTURE ON THE ISLAND WAS BUILT IN SERVICE OF
CATCHING AND PRESERVING FISH, WITH ONE GLEAMING EXCEPTION. A $40 MILLION LUXURY INN. PART EDGE OF THE EARTH
DESTINATION, PART ECONOMIC ENGINE ON STILTS, THE INN IS THE BRAINCHILD OF EIGHTH GENERATION FOGO ISLANDER ZITA COBB.
AND LOCALS GAVE HER A FUNNY LOOK WHEN SHE FIRST FLOATED THE IDEA. >> WHAT KIND OF REACTION DID THAT GET?
>> WHY WOULD ANYONE COME HERE? WE LOVE THIS PLACE, BUT IT WASN'T OBVIOUS WHEN, YOU KNOW, THERE ARE FANCY PLACES IN THE
WORLD THAT PEOPLE GO. OUR ASSUMPTION IS EVERYBODY WANTS TO GO WHERE IT'S WARM. >> SOMEONE SUGGESTED TO US IT
LOOKED LIKE A SHIP. >> THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE INN WAS, OBVIOUSLY, A TOPIC OF MUCH CONVERSATION.
I THINK ABOUT IT AS A METAPHOR. IT'S ABOUT PEOPLE FROM HERE AND PEOPLE FROM AWAY. IT'S ABOUT THE FUTURE AND THE
PAST. >> Reporter: THE PAST LOOMS LARGE ON FOGO ISLAND. TO FULLY APPRECIATE THE INN,
EVEN AS A METAPHOR, YOU HAVE TO UNDERSTAND FOGO'S HISTORY. >> IT'S JUST SOMETHING. >> ZITA COBB TOOK US THROUGH
DOZENS OF TINY ISLANDS THAT DOT FOGO'S WATERS TO A PLACE CALLED LITTLE FOGO ISLAND. AND FOR THOSE KEEPING TRACK,
THAT'S AN ISLAND, OFF AN ISLAND, OFF AN ISLAND. HER ANCESTORS LANDED HERE FROM IRELAND AND SOUTH ENGLAND.
THEY CAME FOR ONE REASON. >> FISH, FISH, AND FISH. >> WHEN YOU SAY "FISH," IS IT JUST A GIVEN?
>> IT'S A GIVEN. SO WHEN, YES, WHEN WE SAY "FISH," WE MEAN COD. >> IS IT POSSIBLE TO EXAGGERATE
THE IMPORTANCE OF COD TO THIS PLACE? >> NO, IT'S NOT POSSIBLE, BECAUSE EVERYTHING THAT YOU NEED
TO KNOW ABOUT SOMEONE FROM HERE, YOU CAN FIGURE IT OUT BY JUST STUDYING THAT LOWLY FISH. IT'S ACTUALLY QUITE A NOBLE
FISH. >> A NOBLE FISH? >> IT ASKS VERY LITTLE AND GIVES SO MUCH.
THEY EXIST ON ALMOST ANYTHING. I MEAN, I THINK A COD COULD EAT A RUBBER BOOT IF IT HAD TO. >> NOT UNLIKE THE NOBLE FISH,
ZITA COBB'S FAMILY SURVIVED WITHOUT FUSS. IN COD THEY TRUSTED. FAMILIES WORKED SIDE BY SIDE
HERE, TRADING THEIR FISH FOR GOODS. NO BANK ACCOUNTS NO, CASH. COBB'S PARENTS COULD NEITHER
READ NOR WRITE. SHE AND HER SIX BROTHERS GREW UP IN A HOUSE WITH NO ELECTRICITY. SHE SAYS IT WAS A HAPPY
CHILDHOOD, UNTIL IT WASN'T. >> WHAT HAPPENED? >> THE WORST OF THE 20th CENTURY CAME DOWN ON TOP OF US VERY
QUICKLY IN THE FORM OF INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE FISHERIES. SO THESE ENORMOUS FACTORY SHIPS
SHOWED UP HERE ALL ALONG THE COAST OF NEWFOUNDLAND AND FISHED DAY AND NIGHT UNTIL JUST ABOUT EVERY LAST FISH WAS GONE.
>> WITH ONE SMALL PUNT LAUNCHED FROM THIS ONE DOCK, COBB'S FATHER COULDN'T COMPETE WITH COMMERCIAL VESSELS THAT HAD COME
TO THE NORTH ATLANTIC FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD. >> HOW BAD DID THINGS GET FOR HIM?
>> THINGS GOT -- HE WOULD GO OUT AND COME BACK WITH NOTHING. BUT ONE DAY IN PARTICULAR HE CAME BACK WITH ONE FISH.
AND HE BROUGHT THE FISH INTO THE HOUSE AND HE SLAPPED IT DOWN ONTO THE KITCHEN FLOOR AND SAID, "WELL, IT'S DONE."
AND IT WAS THE NEXT DAY HE BURNED HIS BOAT. >> HE BURNED HIS BOAT? >> HE BURNED HIS BOAT.
>> IT'S ALMOST LIKE A SACRIFICE. >> IT WAS. HE DID IT AS A STATEMENT. HE DID IT AS AN EXPRESSION OF
PAIN AND ANGER. >> LAMBERT COBB MADE THIS SACRIFICE ONCE HE REALIZED THAT THOSE BIG BOATS WERE, IN HIS
WORDS, TURNING FISH INTO MONEY. >> HE SAID TO ME, AS A 10-YEAR-OLD, YOU HAVE GOT TO FIGURE OUT HOW THIS MONEY THING
WORKS, BECAUSE IF YOU DON'T, IT'S GONNA EAT EVERYTHING WE LOVE. >> HE WASN'T WRONG.
AS FISH STOCKS DWINDLED, SO DID THE ISLAND'S POPULATION, FROM 5,000 TO 2,500. THE COBBS LEFT, GRUDGINGLY, FOR
THE MAINLAND IN THE 1970s. ZITA COBB'S FATHER DIED SHORTLY THEREAFTER, BUT SHE HEEDED HIS ADVICE.
SHE GOT A BUSINESS DEGREE, WORKED IN FIBEROPTICS, LANDED IN SILICON VALLEY, AND BEFORE LONG WAS THE THIRD HIGHEST PAID
FEMALE EXECUTIVE IN AMERICA. IN HER EARLY 40s, SHE CASHED OUT TENS OF MILLIONS IN STOCK OPTIONS, DROPPED OUT OF THE
WINNER-TAKE-ALL ECONOMY, AND TOOK HER SAVVY HOME, DETERMINED TO REVITALIZE FOGO ISLAND. INSTEAD OF WRITING A CHECK, SHE
POSED A QUESTION. >> WHAT DO WE HAVE AND WHAT DO WE KNOW? AND HOW CAN WE PUT THAT FORWARD
IN A WAY THAT'S DIGNIFIED FOR FOGO ISLANDERS, AND CREATES ECONOMY, AND CONNECTS US TO THE WORLD?
>> SPEND ONE NIGHT AT WHAT THE LOCALS CALL A SHED PARTY AND THE ANSWER EMERGES. >> WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT THE
PEOPLE OF THIS PLACE, IF THERE'S ONE THING WE'RE REALLY GOOD AT, IT'S HOSPITALITY. >> WHAT DOES HOSPITALITY MEAN
HERE? >> HOSPITALITY IN ITS PUREST FORM IS THE LOVE OF A STRANGER. WE DIDN'T GET A LOT OF
STRANGERS. AND WHEN THEY ARRIVED, AS MY MOTHER USED TO SAY, IT'S ALWAYS BETTER TO SEE A LIGHT COMING
INTO THE HARBOR THAN A LIGHT GOING OUT. >> COBB BUILT THE BIGGEST BEACON IN THE HARBOR.
SHE MADE THE FOGO ISLAND INN THE CENTERPIECE OF A CHARITABLE TRUST, CALLED SHOREFAST, WITH PROFITS REINVESTED IN THE
ISLAND. AT $2,000 A NIGHT, THE INN DOES TURN A PROFIT, BUT THERE WERE OTHER CONSIDERATIONS.
>> WE'RE GOING TO PUT A 29-ROOM INN ON AN ISLAND THAT'S NEVER HAD AN INN. WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF
THAT? WELL, MORE PEOPLE WILL COME. WELL, HOW MANY MORE PEOPLE? AS ONE WOMAN SAID, WELL, YOU
KNOW, WE'RE ONLY 2,500 PEOPLE. WE CAN ONLY LOVE SO MANY PEOPLE AT A TIME. >> Reporter: SHOREFAST AND THE
INN EMPLOY MORE THAN 300 ISLANDERS. BUT THE REAL PAYOFF IS THE RIPPLE EFFECT.
FOR STARTERS, ALL THE FURNITURE AT THE INN IS LOCALLY MADE. SAME FOR THE PILLOWS AND QUILTS. IT SO HAPPENS THE WOMEN OF FOGO
ISLAND HAVE BEEN MAKING THEM FOR THEIR OWN HOMES FOR 400 YEARS. >> WE'RE GETTING THERE. WE GOT HALF DONE.
>> Reporter: WORD IS OUT NOW, THIS QUILT IS DESTINED FOR A CUSTOMER IN BALTIMORE. WE JOINED THE QUILTING BEE BUT
DIDN'T LAST LONG. >> IT WAS ALL VERY NICE EXCEPT FOR THIS ONE SQUARE. >> THIS IS OUR LETTUCE ROOM.
>> SHOREFAST PUTS UP SEED MONEY FOR NEW BUSINESSES, TOO. A QUARTER OF A MILLION DOLLARS SO FAR.
>> AND THEN YOU'RE PUT YOUR PLANT IN. >> A $7,500 MICROLOAN WENT TO DWIGHT BUDDEN AND HIS FATHER,
HAYWARD, A FORMER FISHER WHO LEFT FOGO ISLAND WHEN THE INDUSTRY COLLAPSED. HE'S BACK NOW, AS A HYDROPONIC
FARMER, GROWING GREENS FOR THE INN. >> YEAH, THERE'S OUR KALE. >> DOES HAYWARD EAT KALE?
>> NOT TOO MUCH. >> NOT TOO MUCH. >> BEYOND THE KALE, NEW CULTURE IS TAKING ROOT.
FUTURISTIC-LOOKING STUDIOS NOW SPECKLE THE LANDSCAPE, PART OF SHOREFAST'S AMBITION TO BRING ARTISTS-IN-RESIDENCE TO FOGO.
AND BACK AT THE INN, A CHEF TURNS COD INTO HAUTE CUISINE. >> IF YOUR DAD SAW COD WITH MAGNOLIA OIL AND SEAFOAM --
>> AND PORCINI. >> AND PORCINI? >> YES. >> WHAT WOULD HE SAY?
>> YES. FIRST THING, HE'D SAY, CAN YOU REALLY EAT THAT? >> YOU CAN DO MORE THAN EAT COD.
YOU CAN FISH FOR IT AGAIN. NOW THAT A DECADES-LONG BAN HAS BEEN EASED, FOGO ISLAND'S FISHERS ARE BACK HAULING COD.
WE VENTURED OUT OF FOGO HARBOR WITH BROTHERS GLEN AND JERRY BEST, THE FIFTH GENERATION OF THEIR FAMILY, TO HARVEST THESE
WATERS. >> YOU GO EAST, YOUR NEXT STOP IS IRELAND. >> IRELAND?
>> WE'RE NOT GOING THROUGH THERE TODAY. >> THE BEST BROTHERS SHOWED US THE TRADITIONAL NEWFOUNDLAND WAY
OF FISHING WITH A HAND-LINE. 150 FEET DOWN, NO RODS, REELS, OR NETS. >> NOW WE'RE TALKING.
>> THAT'S A BEAUTY. >> UP COMES COD, WITHOUT MUCH OF A FIGHT. >> NOW, THAT'S A NICE COD.
THAT'S PROBABLY A 20-POUND FISH. >> COD IS MAKING A COMEBACK IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC. CANADA STILL IMPOSES CATCH
LIMITS, BUT WHEN THE BESTS GET DOWN TO BUSINESS, THEY USE AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM TO DROP THOUSANDS OF HOOKS IN THE WATER
AT A TIME. WE WATCHED THEM OFFLOAD 20,000 POUNDS OF COD FROM A SINGLE TRIP.
WHAT'S MORE, SHELLFISH HAS DONE THE UNTHINKABLE AND DETHRONED COD AS KING. CRAB AND SHRIMP NOW MAKE UP 80%
OF GLEN BEST'S BUSINESS, AND HE'S NEVER HAD A BETTER YEAR. >> YOU TOLD ME YOU CAUGHT 400,000 POUNDS OF SNOW CRAB.
AT $7.60 A POUND -- >> YEAH, THAT'S PRETTY GOOD. > 3 MILLION BUCKS. >> IT ADDS UP.
>> THAT'S PRETTY GOOD. >> YEAH, IT WAS A GOOD YEAR. >> BUT A THRIVING FISHERY ISN'T ALWAYS ENOUGH TO KEEP THE KIDS
AROUND. BEST'S THREE CHILDREN HAVE MOVED AWAY FROM FOGO TO PURSUE OTHER CAREERS.
>> YOUR FAMILY'S BEEN DOING THIS FOR GENERATIONS. YOU NAMED THIS BOAT AFTER YOUR DAD.
>> SO, THE SAD PART ABOUT IT IS THAT JERRY AND MYSELF, WE PROBABLY COULD BE THE LAST GENERATION THAT WILL FISH WITHIN
OUR FAMILY. WHEN THE DAY COMES THAT THAT HAPPENS, THAT WILL PROBABLY BE A SAD DAY.
>> Reporter: STILL, FOGO ISLAND'S POPULATION HAS STABILIZED. THERE'S HOPE THE NEXT CENSUS
WILL SHOW AN UPTICK. BABIES ARE THE ISLAND'S BIGGEST CELEBRITIES. BUT AS EVER, WITH GROWTH COME
GROWING PAINS. IT'S ALREADY BECOME ONE OF THOSE ISLANDS WHERE YOU HAVE TO PRAY TO GET A SPOT ON THE FERRY.
JENNIFER SEXTON SPENT SUMMERS ON FOGO ISLAND VISITING HER GRANDPARENTS. SHE RECENTLY MOVED HERE FROM
WESTERN CANADA TO OPEN THIS COFFEE JOINT, WHERE LOCALS MIX WITH THOSE WHO COME AWAY. >> EVERYBODY ASKS ABOUT THE INN.
>> WHAT DO YOU TELL THEM? >> WELL, IT'S A BLESSING AND A CURSE. >> HER REGULARS GRUMBLE THAT NOT
LONG AGO, THEY COULD GET A HOME FOR $25,000 CANADIAN. NOW HOMES COST TEN TIMES AS MUCH.
>> FOR SOMEBODY FROM AWAY, THAT WOULDN'T BE A LOT. BUT FOR SOMEBODY FROM HERE, THAT IS A LOT OF MONEY.
>> ZITA COBB, THE WOMAN WHO TURNED THIS TIDE, SAYS SHE DOESN'T WANT UNCHECKED GROWTH EITHER.
>> AS THE ECONOMY GROWS, WE WILL BE SMALLER AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE WHOLE ECONOMY. >> A RARE BUSINESS LEADER THAT
WANTS LESS MARKET SHARE. >> WE WANT LESS MARKET SHARE, EXACTLY. >> YOU SAY THAT WITH A SMILE ON
YOUR FACE, BUT THERE'S A LOT OF RESPONSIBILITY HERE. >> YEAH, I MEAN, THE CONSEQUENCES ARE HUGE BECAUSE,
AS MY BROTHER SAYS, YES, OUR PARENTS WILL GET OUT OF THE GRAVEYARD AND WRING OUR NECKS IF WE MESS THIS UP.
>> WHAT'S YOUR RESPONSE TO THE CAPITALISTS WHO WOULD SAY, WHY ARE YOU LIMITING YOUR GROWTH? >> THAT IS THE TECHNOECONOMIC
QUESTION. BUT I START WITH A DIFFERENT QUESTION. WHAT ARE WE OPTIMIZING FOR?
WE ARE OPTIMIZING FOR PLACE. >> THE PILLARS OF THIS COMMUNITY HAVE BEEN WON OVER. IF COBB'S EXPERIMENT HELPS
DIVERSIFY THE ECONOMY, GLEN BEST SAYS HE'S ALL IN. >> IT'S NOT LIKE WE'RE OVERRUN BY TOURISM.
THAT'S NOT THE WAY IT WORKS HERE. WE'RE NOT, YOU KNOW, THE VENICE OF NEWFOUNDLAND, YOU KNOW?
WE'RE NOT OUT OF PATIENCE WITH PEOPLE YET. >> Reporter: ON OUR LAST NIGHT AT THE SHED PARTY, WE GOT THE
FULL SWEEP OF FOGO ISLAND. ITS HOSPITALITY AND ITS CONTRASTS LAID OUT ON THE TABLE, COD AND CRAB, YOUNG AND OLD,
WARMTH, WIT, AND THIS. ♪ DON'T TELL FATE WHAT TO DO ♪ >> Reporter: A TRADITIONAL SONG DELIVERED WITH A HANDSHAKE.
A KIND OF HOPE THAT COMES TEMPERED BY HISTORY. >> THE UNDOING OF THIS TRADITIONAL WAY OF MAKING A LIFE
WAS VERY PAINFUL. I THINK I STILL CARRY THOSE BROKEN HEARTS. I THINK THAT KIND OF PAIN
DOESN'T GO AWAY. >> TO WHAT EXTENT HAS THAT BEEN REPAIRED BY THE WORK YOU'VE DONE SINCE YOU'VE COME BACK?
>> YEAH, I THINK IT ACTUALLY DOES HELP. YOU CAN HEAL A BROKEN HEART. ♪ BE SATISFIED WITH WHAT YOU'VE
GOT ♪ ♪ LEAVE WELL ENOUGH ALONE ♪
>>> WHEN WORKERS BROKE GROUND ON AN UNDERGROUND PARKING LOT IN THE HEART OF ROME 18 YEARS AGO, THEY HAD NO IDEA WHAT THEIR
BACKHOES WERE ABOUT TO UNEARTH. THE SITE TURNED OUT TO BE WHAT ITALIAN ARCHAEOLOGISTS BELIEVE WHAT WAS ONCE "THE PLEASURE
GARDENS" OF THE ROMAN EMPEROR CALIGULA, WHERE SOME 2,000 YEARS AGO ALL SORTS OF LAVISH PARTIES, ROYAL INTRIGUE, AND DEBAUCHED
BEHAVIOR LIKELY TOOK PLACE. CALIGULA BECAME THE THIRD EMPEROR OF ROME IN 37 A.D. AND REIGNED FOR BARELY FOUR YEARS.
HE'S BEEN PORTRAYED AS ONE OF THE MOST DERANGED AND DESPICABLE ROMAN EMPERORS EVER TO RULE. BUT AS WE FIRST REPORTED IN
2021, SCHOLARS HAVE BEEN RE-EXAMINING CALIGULA'S STORY TO SEE IF HISTORY HAS IT RIGHT. COULD WE DISCOVER SOME NEW
FRAGMENTS OF TRUTH IN CALIGULA'S GARDENS? ANDERSON COOPER WENT TO ROME TO FIND OUT.
>> THE TEMPLES AND PALACES OF ANCIENT ROME MAY HAVE CRUMBLED LONG AGO, BUT THE LEGEND OF ONE OF ITS ODDEST EMPERORS LIVES ON.
>> DOWN ON YOUR KNEES, ALL OF YOU. BEND YOUR HEADS. I SHALL SEVER EACH ONE AT THE
NECK. >> WHAT MOST PEOPLE KNOW ABOUT CALIGULA COMES FROM THIS ICONIC BBC SERIES, "I, CLAUDIUS," WHICH
WAS BASED ON TWO HISTORICAL NOVELS BY ROBERT GRAVES. IN THE SHOW, CALIGULA TURNS HIS PALACE INTO A BROTHEL, MAKES HIS
HORSE A HIGH-RANKING SENATOR, AND DECLARES HIMSELF A LIVING GOD. >> FOR NOW, YOU MAY ADDRESS ME
AS ZEUS. >> Reporter: IT'S A TORRID TALE OF INCEST, INFANTICIDE -- >> DON'T GO IN THERE.
>> AND IMPERIAL MADNESS. >> HELP ME. >> Reporter: BUT HOW MUCH OF THAT PORTRAYAL IS REAL?
DID CALIGULA IMPREGNATE HIS SISTER AND THEN EAT HER BABY? >> CALIGULA DID NOT IMPREGNATE HIS SISTER AND EAT HER BABY.
>> DID CALIGULA MAKE A HORSE A HIGH-RANKING CONSUL? >> NO, OF COURSE HE DIDN'T. >> DID HE TURN HIS PALACE INTO A
BROTHEL? >> NO. >> SO WHERE DID ALL THESE IDEAS COME FROM?
>> WELL, LARGELY FROM ROBERT GRAVES. HIS "I, CLAUDIUS" NOVELS ARE AWESOME.
BUT HE WASN'T AN ACADEMIC. HE WAS A WRITER. >> ANDREW WALLACE-HADRILL IS AN ACADEMIC, A PROFESSOR EMERITUS
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, AND HE'S CLOSELY STUDIED THE FEW WRITTEN ACCOUNTS THAT SURVIVE FROM CALIGULA'S TIME.
>> I GREW UP WATCHING "I, CLAUDIUS." I LOVED THE BOOK. I LOVE THE TV SERIES.
YOU'RE TELLING ME A LOT OF THAT JUST WASN'T TRUE. >> NOW, WHAT I'M NOT DENYING IS THEY HAD SEX IN THE PALACE.
OF COURSE THEY HAD SEX. PRETTY SPECTACULARLY, OF COURSE THEY HAD SEX. >> PRETTY SPECTACULARLY?
BUT WALLACE-HADRILL DOES BELIEVE CALIGULA COULD BE VERY IMPULSIVE AND BRUTAL, AND HE DOESN'T RULE OUT THE POSSIBILITY THAT HE MAY
HAVE HAD A SEVERE PHYSICAL OR MENTAL DISORDER. >> I THINK THERE'S A SERIOUS DANGER THAT CALIGULA WAS
PATHOLOGICAL, THAT HE ACTUALLY DIDN'T CARE ABOUT THE HURT HE CAUSED. >> WALLACE-HADRILL SAYS ROBERT
GRAVES' NOVELS WERE LARGELY BASED ON STORIES PUBLISHED AROUND 121 A.D., 80 YEARS AFTER CALIGULA'S DEATH BY SUETONIUS, A
WELL-KNOWN BIOGRAPHER AND ADVISOR TO LATER EMPERORS. BUT SUETONIUS OFTEN HAD TO RELY ON SECOND-HAND STORIES AND
GOSSIP FROM MEMBERS OF THE IMPERIAL COURT. >> THESE MEMBERS OF THE COURT, YOU KNOW, IT'S LIKE STAFFERS IN
THE WHITE HOUSE. IT'S LIKE ALL THOSE LEAKY PEOPLE IN BUCKINGHAM PALACE. WHAT ARE THESE STORIES WORTH?
HOW CAN YOU PIN THEM DOWN? >> ARCHAEOLOGY CAN HELP PIN DOWN THE PAST, BUT IN A CITY FULL OF AMAZING RUINS, NOT MUCH DIRECTLY
LINKED TO CALIGULA HAD BEEN DISCOVERED. THAT IS, UNTIL 2006 WHEN A PENSION FUND FOR ITALIAN DOCTORS
CALLED ENPAM STARTED DIGGING AN UNDERGROUND PARKING GARAGE FOR ITS NEW OFFICE BUILDING IN THE ESQUILINO NEIGHBORHOOD OF ROME.
IN ANCIENT TIMES, THIS WAS ONE OF A NUMBER OF TRANQUIL GARDEN ESTATES LOCATED ABOUT TEN MINUTES BY CARRIAGE FROM THE
BUSTLING ROMAN FORUM. THESE RE-CREATIONS FROM ROME'S SUPERINTENDENT OF ANTIQUITIES GIVE SOME SENSE OF THE SPRAWLING
GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS ENJOYED BY EMPERORS AND THEIR GUESTS FOR ABOUT FOUR CENTURIES. IT TOOK ARCHAEOLOGISTS NINE
YEARS TO CAREFULLY RECOVER MORE THAN A MILLION PIECES OF THE PAST, WHILE AN UNDERGROUND PARKING GARAGE AND MODERN
BUILDING WAS BUILT AROUND THEM. EVERYTHING FOUND WAS TAKEN TO A LARGE WAREHOUSE, WHERE IT WAS CLOSELY ANALYZED, LOGGED INTO A
DATABASE, AND WHEN POSSIBLE, PAINSTAKINGLY RESTORED. THE OFFICE BUILDING'S COMPLETED NOW AND ROME'S NEWEST
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE, THE NYMPHEUM MUSEUM, OPENED IN THE BASEMENT, PRESERVING SOME OF THE EXCAVATION AND SUGGESTING WHAT A
LUSH AND LAVISH PLACE THIS ONCE WAS. IT CONTAINS THOUSANDS OF ITEMS FROM THE SECOND CENTURY B.C.
THROUGH THE FIFTH CENTURY A.D., LIKE THIS DRINKING GLASS THAT SOMEHOW SURVIVED LARGELY INTACT FOR 1,900 YEARS.
MIRELLA SERLORENZI, DIRECTOR OF EXCAVATIONS FOR THE ITALIAN MINISTRY OF CULTURE, TOOK US TO A SMALL STAIRCASE NORMALLY
CLOSED TO THE PUBLIC AND BROUGHT US TO THE LEVEL OF THE GROUND DURING CALIGULA'S TIME. >> SO, BACK THEN IN THE FIRST
CENTURY, 2,000 YEARS AGO, THIS WAS OUTSIDE? >> Translator: IT WAS CLEARLY A GARDEN BECAUSE WE FOUND IN THE
LAYERS TRACES OF THE ROOTS OF THE PLANTS. AND IN THIS PART HERE, THE STAIRCASE CONNECTED THE VARIOUS
LEVELS OF THE GARDEN. >> IS IT POSSIBLE TO WALK ON IT? >> ABSOLUTELY, YES. >> EXCELLENT.
>> THIS IS WHAT SERLORENZI'S TEAM BELIEVES THE AREA LOOKED LIKE DURING CALIGULA'S REIGN. WE ENDED UP TALKING FOR A LONG
TIME ON THE GARDEN STEPS. IS IT ALL RIGHT TO SIT DOWN? >> OKAY. >> THERE WAS SOMETHING ABOUT
TOUCHING THOSE OLD SLABS OF MARBLE THAT MADE ANCIENT HISTORY FEEL VERY REAL. I CAN'T BELIEVE THAT WE ARE
SITTING ON THE STEPS THAT CALIGULA MAY HAVE WALKED ON. IT'S AMAZING. SHE TOLD US THE WATER PIPE BY
HER FEET WAS INSTALLED BY CALIGULA'S SUCCESSOR, HIS UNCLE CLAUDIUS. HIS NAME IS STAMPED ON THE PIPE.
ONE OF THE MOST REMARKABLE THINGS ABOUT CALIGULA IS THAT HE LIVED TO BECOME EMPEROR AT ALL. THE EMPEROR BEFORE HIM, HIS
ADOPTIVE GRANDFATHER, TIBERIUS, WAS SUSPECTED OF KILLING CALIGULA'S FATHER, MOTHER, AND TWO BROTHERS.
AND WHEN CALIGULA TURNED 19, HE WAS SUMMONED TO LIVE WITH TIBERIUS AT HIS PALACE ON THE ISLAND OF CAPRI.
IT SITS HIGH ON A CLIFF, AND IT'S SAID TIBERIUS WOULD HAVE PEOPLE WHO CROSSED HIM TOSSED ONTO ROCKS BELOW.
THROUGH SOME COMBINATION OF FLATTERY AND DECEIT, CALIGULA MANAGED TO SURVIVE HERE FOR SIX YEARS WITH THE MAN WHO MAY HAVE
KILLED MUCH OF HIS FAMILY. HE BECAME TIBERIUS' SUCCESSOR IN 37 A.D. HE WAS JUST 24 YEARS OLD AND IN
CHARGE OF AN EMPIRE. >> HE WAS IN A VERY, VERY DIFFICULT POSITION. I LIKE THE SAYING OF TIBERIUS,
WHO SAYS, BEING EMPEROR IS LIKE HAVING TO HOLD A WOLF BY THE EARS. THERE'S THIS SORT OF SAVAGE
BEAST THAT CAN TURN ON YOU ANY MOMENT. >> WHAT IS SO INSECURE ABOUT IT? WAS IT THE SYSTEM ITSELF?
>> YOU'VE GOT THIS ENORMOUS CONCENTRATION OF POWER AND RESOURCE, WEALTH CONCENTRATED ON THE PALACE IN ROME.
AND EVERYONE WANTS IN ON IT. THEY ARE PREPARED TO DO ANYTHING TO SEIZE THIS POWER. >> BACK THEN, THE ROMAN EMPIRE
DOMINATED THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLD, AND ITEMS FOUND IN THE GARDENS GIVE SOME SENSE OF THE RICHES THAT FLOWED TOWARDS ROME.
RARE AND INTRICATELY CARVED MARBLE FROM THE FAR REACHES OF THE EMPIRE DECORATED THE WALLS OF THE BUILDINGS.
GLASS RECOVERED AT THE SITE APPEARS TO HAVE BEEN USED IN VERY EARLY WINDOWS, AND LARGE AMOUNTS OF OYSTERS APPEAR TO
HAVE BEEN SERVED AT MEALS. MIRELLA SERLORENZI SAYS HER TEAM RECOVERED THE BONES OF WILD ANIMALS THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN
BROUGHT HERE FROM FAR-AWAY LANDS. SHE SHOWED US THE LEG OF AN OSTRICH, THE FOOT OF A LION, AND
THE TOOTH OF A BEAR. >> Translator: IT'S EVIDENT THAT WILD ANIMALS WERE HERE FOR THE ENTERTAINMENT OF THE EMPEROR.
GAMES WERE CARRIED OUT HERE WITH GLADIATORS, WE CAN IMAGINE, AND BATTLES WITH FEROCIOUS BEASTS. >> WHEN HE BECAME EMPEROR,
CALIGULA STARTED IMPROVING ROME'S INFRASTRUCTURE. HE BEGAN WORK ON NEW AQUEDUCTS. HE ALSO CUT TAXES.
SERLORENZI SAYS THIS COIN FOUND IN THE GARDENS WAS MINTED AROUND 39 A.D. TO REMIND ROMANS THAT CALIGULA GOT RID OF A SALES TAX.
>> 2,000 YEARS AGO, POLITICIANS WERE JUST LIKE POLITICIANS TODAY. IF THEY CUT TAXES, THEY WANTED
EVERYBODY TO KNOW ABOUT IT. >> Translator: THAT'S EXACTLY RIGHT. THE COINS ARE A FORM OF IMPERIAL
PROPAGANDA. >> BUT SOMETHING CHANGED AS THE YEARS PROGRESSED. SUETONIUS SAID CALIGULA WANTED
TO BE TREATED AS A GOD AND CONNECTED HIS PALACE IN THE ROMAN FORUM TO A MAJOR TEMPLE. >> THAT'S THE TEMPLE OF CASTOR
AND POLLUX? >> EXACTLY, EXACTLY, AND THIS COLUMN HAS BEEN STANDING THERE FOR MORE THAN 2,000 YEARS.
>> THAT'S INCREDIBLE. >> THEY HAVE BEEN CREATED IN THEY YEAR 6. >> PAOLO CARAFA, PROFESSOR OF
ARCHEOLOGY AT SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME, HAS BEEN STUDYING THE ROMAN FORUM AREA FOR MORE THAN 35 YEARS.
>> SO, ACCORDING TO SUETONIUS, CALIGULA EXTENDED HIS HOUSE UP TO THAT TEMPLE? >> EXACTLY.
>> HAVE YOU FOUND EVIDENCE OF THAT? >> BEHIND THE TEMPLE, RECENT EXCAVATION HAVE IDENTIFIED
FRAGMENTS OF A LARGE HOUSE, A LUXURY HOUSE. >> HE CAN'T SAY FOR SURE IT WAS CALIGULA'S HOUSE, BUT HE SAYS IT
COMES FROM THAT TIME PERIOD. AND ONLY AN EMPEROR LIKE CALIGULA WOULD HAVE DARED DO SOMETHING SO SHOCKING.
>> HE WANTED THE TEMPLE TO BE THE ENTRANCE TO HIS -- >> EXACTLY. >> -- OWN HOUSE?
>> WHICH IS QUITE UNUSUAL. >> ONE OF THE THINGS "I, CLAUDIUS" SEEMS TO HAVE GOTTEN RIGHT, WALLACE-HADRILL TOLD US,
WAS CALIGULA'S CAPACITY FOR BOTH PHYSICAL AND MENTAL CRUELTY. >> THERE'S NO DOUBT THAT CALIGULA'S BRUTAL BUT SUETONIUS
SAYS HE'S NOT ONLY BRUTAL. HE THINKS IT'S AMUSING. HE TAKES PLEASURE IN IT. >> PERHAPS THE MOST TELLING
ACCOUNT COMES FROM A CONTEMPORARY OF CALIGULA'S, THE PHILOSOPHER SENECA, WHO DESCRIBES HOW CALIGULA INVITED A
FATHER TO A FESTIVE DINNER ON THE DAY HE HAD EXECUTED THE MAN'S SON. >> AND AT THE DINNER, HE INSISTS
THAT THE FATHER SHOULD HAVE A JOLLY TIME. HE PLIES HIM WITH WINE AND FOOD. HE EVEN PLIES HIM WITH PERFUME
AND A GARLAND. >> ON THE VERY DAY HIS SON -- >> ON THE VERY DAY. AND SENECA SAYS PEOPLE ASKED HOW
ON EARTH COULD HE ENDURE TO DO IT? AND THE ANSWER IS, HE HAD A SECOND SON.
AND I THINK THAT ANECDOTE JUST EVOKES THE ATMOSPHERE OF TERROR OF THE COURT OF CALIGULA. >> AS "I, CLAUDIUS" SHOWED, THE
END CAME IN 41 A.D., WHEN CALIGULA WAS STABBED TO DEATH BY MEMBERS OF HIS OWN IMPERIAL GUARD.
>> HE'S KILLED BY HIS OWN GUARDSMEN, BUT THEN THEY HAVEN'T GOT A CANDIDATE. >> THEY HAVE NOBODY WAITING TO
TAKE OVER? >> THEY HAVE NO ONE IN THE WINGS, EXCEPT POOR OLD CLAUDIUS. >> DOES THAT ARGUE THE POINT
THAT HE HAD TO HAVE BEEN REALLY AWFUL IF THEY WERE SO MOTIVATED TO JUST KILL HIM? >> YEP, YEP, YEP.
IT'S AN ASSASSINATION BORN OF ANGER, HUMILIATION, DISGUST. WE CAN'T TAKE THIS ANYMORE. >> LONG AFTER THE ASSASSINATION
ITSELF, SOME HISTORIANS BELIEVE CALIGULA'S ENEMIES ASSASSINATED HIS MEMORY AS WELL. >> THERE'S A NUMBER OF
CONTEMPORARY SCHOLARS WHO HAVE ARGUED THAT CALIGULA'S CRITICS DISTORTED HIS MEMORY, THAT THEY HAVE FALSELY MADE HIM OUT TO BE
FAR WORSE THAN HE WAS. >> OF COURSE, IT'S LIKE ENTERING A HALL OF MIRRORS, AND YOU KNOW SOME OF THEM ARE CONCAVE AND
SOME ARE CONVEX, AND THERE ARE NO FLAT MIRRORS. >> BUT ISN'T THAT TERRIFYING THAT WHAT WE THINK WE KNOW ABOUT
HISTORY IS SO DEPENDENT ON RUMORS OR -- >> BUT I THINK IT'S AN ENORMOUS MISTAKE TO LOOK AT THE PST AS A
SERIES OF SOLID ROCKS THAT, YOU KNOW, THAT WAS DEFINITELY THERE AND THAT WAS DEFINITELY -- IT'S A GREAT MORASS, A FLOWING SEA.
I THINK THAT ANCIENT HISTORY IS VERY GOOD FOR PEOPLE BECAUSE IT'S GOT SO MUCH UNCERTAINTY IN IT.
>> BUT WHY IS IT GOOD THAT THERE'S A LOT OF MISINFORMATION? >> IT'S GOOD BECAUSE THE WORLD WE LIVE IN IS FULL OF
MISINFORMATION, AS WE HAVE LEARNED SPECTACULARLY IN RECENT YEARS, YOU KNOW? PEOPLE INVENT TRUTHS.
YOU HAVE TO BE SKEPTICAL. >> AS WE PREPARE TO LEAVE THE NYMPHEUM MUSEUM, WE COULDN'T HELP THINKING ABOUT HOW TIME
TRAMPLES EVEN THE MIGHTIEST OF EMPIRES, TURNING LAVISH GARDENS INTO UNDERGROUND PARKING LOTS. >> WHAT DO YOU THINK CALIGULA
WOULD THINK OF WHAT'S HAPPENED TO HIS GARDENS? >> Translator: I THINK HE'D BE IN TOTAL DISAGREEMENT, AND I
DON'T THINK HE'D BE VERY HAPPY THAT WE'RE SITTING ON A STAIRCASE.
>>> HOW DID A MOSAIC FROM CALIGULA'S REIGN TURN UP AS A COFFEE TABLE IN A NEW YORK CITY APARTMENT?
THAT STORY AT 60MINUTESOVERTIME.COM. >>> MOZAMBIQUE'S GORONGOSA NATIONAL PARK WAS THE ENVY OF
AFRICA. WILDLIFE DREW TOURISTS FROM AROUND THE WORLD, BUT BEGINNING IN THE 1960s A MANMADE
CATASTROPHE SLAUGHTERED THE ANIMALS UNTIL, IT WAS SAID, THERE WAS NOTHING LEFT BUT MOSQUITOS AND LAND MINES.
IN 2008, WE FOLLOWED AN AMERICAN ENTREPRENEUR WHO DREAMED OF RETURNING A WASTELAND TO GREATNESS.
AND NOW GREG CARR HAS SOMETHING TO SHOW THE WORLD. AS SCOTT PELLEY REPORTED IN DECEMBER 2022, "60 MINUTES"
COULDN'T RESIST A RETURN TO GORONGOSA WHEN CARR SENDS OUT INVITATIONS LIKE THIS. >> JUST COME SIT AT A SUNSET BY
THE LAKE, IN THE CENTER OF THIS NATIONAL PARK. I MEAN, TIME STOPS. AND YOU GET 100 COLORS OF YELLOW
AND 100 COLORS OF ORANGE, AND THEN THE DUSK SETS IN. AND THEN A FLOCK OF BIRDS GO OVER THE WATER, AND THERE'S A
HIPPO OVER THERE MAKING A NOISE. AND THERE'S AN IMPALA OVER THERE. AND, YOU KNOW, IT'S LIKE, WELL,
I COULD HAVE BEEN HERE 100,000 YEARS AGO AND IT MIGHT HAVE BEEN THE SAME. >> GREG CARR'S WONDER IS ALMOST
LIKE DISBELIEF. A MILLION ACRES OF AFRICA REBORN. >> WHEN I FIRST CAME HERE IN
2004, I COULD DRIVE AROUND WITH MY MOZAMBICAN FRIENDS ALL DAY LONG. AND IF WE WERE LUCKY, MAYBE WE
WOULD SEE ONE BABOON OR ONE WARTHOG OR SOMETHING. NOW WE DRIVE AROUND AND IT'S AN OCEAN OF WILDLIFE.
COME AROUND THE CORNER, THERE'S A HERD OF ELEPHANTS. GO THE OTHER DIRECTION, THERE'S SOME LION CUBS.
10,000 WATERBUCK. AND I SAY TO MYSELF, YOU KNOW WHAT? NATURE CAN REBOUND.
>> THE REBOUND IS IN SOUTHEAST AFRICA, NEAR THE CENTER OF MOZAMBIQUE. HERE, 28 YEARS OF WAR FROM THE
'60s TO THE '90s KILLED AN ESTIMATED 1 MILLION PEOPLE AND WIPED OUT 95% OF THE WILDLIFE IN GORONGOSA FOR FOOD AND PROFIT.
AS THE WAR RAGED IN THE 1980s, GREG CARR WAS A TECH ENTREPRENEUR, WHO'D MADE A FORTUNE PERFECTING VOICE MAIL.
HE QUIT BUSINESS TO DEVOTE HIMSELF TO HUMAN RIGHTS. AND IN 2004, HE MET MOZAMBIQUE'S PRESIDENT, JOACHIM CHISSANO, WHO
MADE A WILD PITCH. >> HE SAID, LOOK, PLEASE COME TO MOZAMBIQUE AND HELP US. WE WANT TO RESTORE OUR NATIONAL
PARK. >> WHEN WE FLEW OVER THIS, I SAID, THIS IS IT. >> WHEN WE MET CARR IN 2008, HIS
NON-PROFIT FOUNDATION HAD SIGNED A 20-YEAR CONTRACT WITH MOZAMBIQUE. HIS PLAN WAS TO IMPORT ANIMALS
FROM ALL OVER AFRICA. >> WELL, STEP ONE, WE HAD TO REMOVE 20,000 TRAPS AND WIRE SNARES THAT WERE LEFT IN THIS
PARK, LEFTOVER FROM THE WAR. GET RID OF ALL THOSE. BECAUSE WHEN I FIRST CAME HERE, I MEAN, WE THINK WE HAD FIVE OR
SIX LIONS, MAYBE. >> IN A MILLION ACRES? >> IN A MILLION ACRES. AND THE LIONS THAT WE DID HAVE,
MOST OF THEM HAD THREE LEGS BECAUSE THEY'D STEPPED ON A TRAP OR SOMETHING. SECOND, SOME OF THE SPECIES WERE
GONE COMPLETELY. SO WE WENT ON A PROCESS. FIRST BRING IN THE HERBIVORES. SO, WE BRING IN 200 BUFFALO.
WE BRING IN 200 WILDEBEEST. WE BRING IN SOME ZEBRA. AND THEN WHEN YOU'VE GOT ENOUGH HERBIVORES, THEN YOU'RE GOING TO
WANT THE CARNIVORES BACK. WE REINTRODUCED LEOPARDS. WE REINTRODUCED HYENAS. THE LIONS, ALL BY THEMSELVES,
THEIR NUMBERS TOOK OFF. FROM FIVE OR SIX LIONS WHEN WE STARTED, WE NOW HAVE PROBABLY 200.
>> GORONGOSA'S LION CONSERVATION IS URGENT BECAUSE, SINCE 1950, AFRICA'S LION POPULATION HAS FALLEN FROM HALF A MILLION TO
20,000 DUE TO HABITAT LOSS AND HUNTING. WE SAW HOW GORONGOSA IS PROTECTING ITS LIONS ON A
MISSION WITH PARK VETERINARIAN ANTONIO PAOLO. >> OKAY, I WILL SHOOT NOW. PAOLO FIRED A TRANQUILIZER
DART -- >> RIGHT ON TARGET. >> -- AND A 300-POUND LIONESS LED US ON A CHASE.
>> REVERSE. GIVE SPACE. TURN AROUND, TURN AROUND. >> SHE LEFT US BEHIND, BUT SHE
COULDN'T OUTRUN THE SEDATIVE. >> THERE SHE IS. >> YEAH, SHE IS THERE, SLEEPING. >> SHE'D BE OUT ABOUT AN HOUR AS
DR. PAOLO CHANGED HER FAULTY GPS COLLAR. THE SIGNAL GOES TO HEADQUARTERS WHERE THEY TRACK THE PRIDES AND
HERDS. A BIT OF EAR WAS NICKED FOR GENETIC TESTS. AND THEN THERE WAS A SURPRISE.
>> YOU THINK SHE'S PREGNANT? >> YEAH. SHE LOOKS LIKE PREGNANT. >> AND THERE IS THE FUTURE OF
THE PARK. >> YES, THE FUTURE CUBS OF THE PARK. >> LATER, SHE AWOKE AND HEADED
OUT WITH HER FUTURE CUB. >> I NEVER IMAGINED IT WOULD GO SO WELL OR SO FAST. IN 2018, WE DID AN AERIAL
SURVEY. SO, COUNTING ONLY THE BIG ANIMALS, WE COUNTED 100,000 LARGE ANIMALS FROM THE AIR.
>> THRILLED AS HE IS, IT WASN'T WILDLIFE THAT DREW THIS 63-YEAR-OLD IDAHO NATIVE TO AFRICA.
IN 2008, HE INTRODUCED US TO THE 200,000 PEOPLE LIVING AROUND THE PARK, SURVIVORS OF THE WARS, LIVING ON A DOLLAR A DAY.
>> PEOPLE HAD NOTHING. THEY DIDN'T HAVE CLOTHES. THEY WERE WEARING RAGS OR MADE CLOTHES OUT OF TREE BARK.
THEY WERE EATING INSECTS AND TRYING TO CATCH MICE. THAT'S WHEN IT STRUCK ME, THIS NATIONAL PARK'S GOING TO HAVE TO
HELP THE PEOPLE. >> Reporter: TODAY, GORONGOSA NATIONAL PARK EMPLOYS 1,600 WORKERS.
TOURISM BRINGS IN CASH, WHICH GOES TO THE PEOPLE AND TO THE PARK. AND GREG CARR HAS PARTNERED WITH
THE GOVERNMENT ON HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATION. CARR IS THE BIGGEST DONOR, BUT U.S. FOREIGN AID KICKS IN ABOUT
6 MILLION A YEAR. >> WE NOW WORK IN 89 PRIMARY SCHOOLS, WHICH IS EVERY SINGLE SCHOOL THAT SURROUNDS THIS
NATIONAL PARK. WE'RE TRAINING 600 SCHOOL TEACHERS RIGHT NOW. NOW, THINK ABOUT HOW DIFFICULT
IT IS TO CREATE A SCHOOL SYSTEM WHEN YOU DON'T HAVE SCHOOL TEACHERS THAT KNOW HOW TO READ AND WRITE BECAUSE OF GENERATIONS
OF WAR. NOW, SOMETHING WE REALLY FOCUSED ON AS STEP ONE WAS REALLY VULNERABLE GIRLS.
A LOT OF TIMES WHAT HAPPENS IN THE POOR FAMILIES AROUND HERE, A GIRL TURNS 13 OR 14 AND THE FAMILY SAYS, WELL, IT'S TIME FOR
HER TO GET MARRIED. IT MAY NOT BE WHAT THEY ACTUALLY WANT, BUT THEY THINK THERE'S NO OTHER CHOICE.
AND THIS IS WHAT HAPPENS, AND SHE MARRIES A FARMER, AND THAT'S IT. SO, WE STARTED SOMETHING CALLED
THE GIRLS CLUB. >> THERE ARE 3,000 GIRLS IN 92 AFTERSCHOOL CLUBS. THE PROGRAM IS LED BY LARISSA
SOUSA. >> WHY IS THIS THE JOB OF A CONSERVATION PARK? >> WHY NOT?
IT SHOULD BE THE JOB FOR EVERYONE, FOR EVERYONE. EDUCATION IS FOR EVERYONE. >> THE CLUBS PROVIDE THE
RESOURCES TO GET THE GIRLS INTO HIGH SCHOOL, AND IT GIVES STUDENTS AN ANSWER TO OUR QUESTION, WHICH FIVE YEARS AGO
WOULDN'T HAVE MADE SENSE. WAT DO YOU WANT TO BE? WE HAVE A TEACHER, A NURSE, A CONSERVATION PARK RANGER, AND
ANOTHER NURSE. >> ANOTHER NURSE, YES. WHEN WE STARTED THE PROGRAM, THEY DIDN'T KNOW THAT THEY HAD
THIS CHOICE. >> AND NOW THEY DO. >> NOW THEY DO. >> THIS LAND BELONGS TO THESE
PEOPLE. THEY'VE BEEN HERE FOREVER. IT'S THEIR ANIMALS. IT'S THEIR LAND.
IT'S THEIR TREES. IT'S THEIR CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL HERITAGE. IT'S AN IDEA THAT CAME FROM MY
HERO, NELSON MANDELA. AND THE IDEA WAS TO CREATE A HUMAN RIGHTS PARK. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN, RIGHT?
A PARK THAT CARES ABOUT THE PEOPLE, A PARK THAT BELONGS TO THE PEOPLE. SO, INSTEAD OF A PARK TURNING
ITS BACK ON THE PEOPLE, A PARK OPENING ITSELF TO PEOPLE. SAYING, THIS IS YOUR PARK, THIS IS YOUR ANIMALS, THESE ARE YOUR
OPPORTUNITIES. [ SINGING IN GLOBAL LANGUAGE ] WE SAW THOSE OPPORTUNITIES ON MOUNT GORONGOSA, WHICH WAS
STRIPPED OF TREES DURING THE WARS. HERE CARR'S NON-PROFIT FOUNDATION IS GIVING AWAY COFFEE
TREES. 868 FAMILY FARMERS, WORKING FOR THEMSELVES. ARE EARNING FAR MORE THAN EVER, SO THEY CAN'T PLANT
TREES FAST ENOUGH, WHICH REFOREST THE MOUNTAIN. CARR'S FOUNDATION BUYS THE BEANS AT ABOVE THE MARKET RATE AND
BUILT THE FARMERS A ROASTING PLANT. THERE'S NO BETTER EXAMPLE OF CARR'S MODEL FOR LIFTING PEOPLE
AND HEALING THE WILD. IT'S WORKING. BUT THE LAST 14 YEARS HAVEN'T BEEN SWEET MUSIC ALONE.
SINCE WE WERE HERE IN 2008, THERE HAVE BEEN ENORMOUS ROADBLOCKS TO THIS PROJECT. >> THAT'S RIGHT.
IF I HAD KNOWN THEN WHAT WAS GOING TO COME. >> WHAT CAME WAS ANOTHER CIVIL WAR IN 2013.
AND THEN IN 2019, A CYCLONE LEVELLED 100,000 HOMES. >> THERE WAS THE SIX YEARS OF WAR, AND THEN THE CYCLONE.
WHEN CYCLONE IDAI HIT, BASICALLY EVERY ONE OF OUR EMPLOYEES BECAME A FIRST RESPONDER. SO, IN OTHER WORDS -- OH,
THERE'S AN ELEPHANT RIGHT THERE. >> IS THERE? WELL, THERE CERTAINLY IS! >> I JUST HAVE TO STOP AND SAY
HELLO TO THE ELEPHANT. >> WE COULDN'T FIND THE WILDLIFE IN 2008 -- >> AND NOW, THEY'RE INTERRUPTING
OUR INTERVIEW. >> AND NOW, THEY'RE WALKING IN ON THE INTERVIEW. >> WAS THERE EVER A TIME THAT
YOU THOUGHT TO YOURSELF, I DID MY BEST, BUT THIS JUST ISN'T GOING TO BE HUMANLY POSSIBLE? >> NOT FOR A SECOND.
NOT FOR ONE SECOND. >> WITH THE CYCLONES, WITH THE RETURN OF THE CIVIL WAR. >> I JUST THINK EVERY TIME
SOMETHING LIKE THAT HAPPENS, IT JUST MAKES YOU MORE DETERMINED, NOT LESS DETERMINED. AND WHEN YOU'VE GOT PEOPLE
SUFFERING IN A WAR THAT NEED HELP, OR PEOPLE SUFFERING IN A CYCLONE THAT NEED HELP, YO'RE MORE COMMITTED.
YOU DON'T LOSE COMMITMENT AT A TIME LIKE THAT. >> WE SAW COMMITMENT IN THE RANGERS WHO PROTECT THE PARK.
[ SINGING IN GLOBAL LANGUAGE ] FOR THE FLORA AND THE FAUNA, THEY SING, WE WILL DIE FOR OUR PARK.
PART OF WHAT THEY PROTECT ARE ENDANGERED SPECIES, INCLUDING THIS MAMMAL WITH A BOTTOMLESS TASTE FOR TERMITES.
PANGOLINS ARE HUNTED FOR THEIR SCALES, WHICH ARE PRIZED IN FOLK MEDICINE. VETERINARIAN MERCIA ANGELA TOLD
US THAT PANGOLINS RIDE ON THEIR MOTHER'S BACKS. BUT WE FOUND ANY BACK WILL DO. >> THAT'S FUNNY.
HE JUST NATURALLY GOES RIGHT UP TO THE SHOULDER AND HANGS ON YOUR BACK. >> YEAH.
>> POWERFUL TAIL. >> TAIL, YEAH, THE TAIL IS VERY POWERFUL. THEY'RE ALSO USED FOR
PROTECTION. >> WHERE ARE YOU GOING? I'M SURPRISED THEY'RE SO DOCILE. I MEAN, THIS IS A WILD ANIMAL.
>> YES, IT'S A WILD ANIMAL. >> SUCCESS, HEY? >> BUT FOR US, THE MOST INTERESTING ANIMAL IN THE
PARK -- >> GORONGOSA OYEA! >> IS GREG CARR, AN ENTREPRENEUR WITH THE EMPATHY TO SEE, THE
HUMILITY TO LISTEN, AND THE OPTIMISM TO ACT. HIS BUSINESS MODEL IS CREATING A NEW ECOSYSTEM WHERE ANIMALS THAT
WERE HUNTED ARE SUDDENLY WORTH MUCH MORE ALIVE. >> HOW MUCH OF YOUR PERSONAL FORTUNE HAVE YOU PUT INTO THIS?
>> WELL, I'D LIKE TO KEEP THAT A SECRET, BUT, UNFORTUNATELY, I THINK, YOU KNOW, YOU COULD PROBABLY DO THE MATH AND FIGURE
IT OUT. IT'S MORE THAN $100 MILLION. MY MESSAGE TO ANYBODY WITH MONEY IS, I MEAN, WHAT ARE YOU GOING
TO DO? STICK IT ALL IN YOUR CASKET? I MEAN, WHY NOT ENJOY THE JOY OF PHILANTHROPY?
I WOULD SAY TO THE BILLIONAIRE NEXT DOOR, GO OUT AND ENJOY SPENDING YOUR MONEY TO HELP SOME PEOPLE.
>> FIND YOUR GORONGOSA. >> GO FIND YOUR GORONGOSA. AND IT WILL BLESS YOU MORE THAN YOU CAN POSSIBLY EVER BLESS IT.
>>> I'M JON WERTHEIM. THANKS FOR JOINING US. WE'LL BE BACK NEXT WEEK WITH A