1 00:00:00,594 --> 00:00:10,231 [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] 2 00:00:10,231 --> 00:00:12,264 [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] >>> DO YOU THINK THAT WE WILL 3 00:00:12,264 --> 00:00:13,099 >>> DO YOU THINK THAT WE WILL HAVE A CRASH? 4 00:00:13,099 --> 00:00:14,396 HAVE A CRASH? >> WE THOUGHT IT WAS A GOOD TIME 5 00:00:14,396 --> 00:00:17,495 >> WE THOUGHT IT WAS A GOOD TIME TO CHECK IN WITH ANDREW ROSS 6 00:00:17,495 --> 00:00:19,297 TO CHECK IN WITH ANDREW ROSS SORKIN, ONE OF THE COUNTRY’S 7 00:00:19,297 --> 00:00:20,825 SORKIN, ONE OF THE COUNTRY’S MOST INFLUENTIAL FINANCIAL 8 00:00:20,825 --> 00:00:21,132 MOST INFLUENTIAL FINANCIAL REPORTERS. 9 00:00:21,132 --> 00:00:23,165 REPORTERS. HE’S WRITTEN A BOOK ABOUT THE 10 00:00:23,165 --> 00:00:25,231 HE’S WRITTEN A BOOK ABOUT THE MARKET CRASH A CENTURYAGO. 11 00:00:25,231 --> 00:00:27,264 MARKET CRASH A CENTURYAGO. >> ARE YOU SCARED? 12 00:00:27,264 --> 00:00:29,792 >> ARE YOU SCARED? >> I’M ANXIOUS THAT WE ARE AT 13 00:00:29,792 --> 00:00:31,726 >> I’M ANXIOUS THAT WE ARE AT PRICES THAT MAY NOT FEEL 14 00:00:31,726 --> 00:00:32,033 PRICES THAT MAY NOT FEEL SUSTAINABLE. 15 00:00:32,033 --> 00:00:33,561 SUSTAINABLE. WE ARE EITHER LIVING THROUGH 16 00:00:33,561 --> 00:00:36,297 WE ARE EITHER LIVING THROUGH SOME KIND OF REMARKABLE BOOM. 17 00:00:37,891 --> 00:00:41,033 SOME KIND OF REMARKABLE BOOM. >> OR WE’RE RELIVING?>> OR WE’RE RELIVING? >> 1929. 18 00:00:37,891 --> 00:00:41,033 >> 1929. [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] 19 00:00:41,033 --> 00:00:43,726 [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] >>> THE NATURAL DISASTER IN OUR 20 00:00:43,726 --> 00:00:45,594 >>> THE NATURAL DISASTER IN OUR AREA IS NOT HURRICANES OR 21 00:00:45,594 --> 00:00:46,528 AREA IS NOT HURRICANES OR TORNADOES OR EARTHQUAKES. 22 00:00:46,528 --> 00:00:47,858 TORNADOES OR EARTHQUAKES. IT IS LYME DISEASE. 23 00:00:47,858 --> 00:00:49,231 IT IS LYME DISEASE. >> GENETIC ENGINEERS BELIEVE 24 00:00:49,231 --> 00:00:50,825 >> GENETIC ENGINEERS BELIEVE THEY’VE FOUND A WAY TO SLOW THE 25 00:00:50,825 --> 00:00:52,396 THEY’VE FOUND A WAY TO SLOW THE SPREAD OF THE DEBILITATING 26 00:00:52,396 --> 00:00:54,198 SPREAD OF THE DEBILITATING DISEASE CARRIED BY TICKS. 27 00:00:54,198 --> 00:00:56,462 DISEASE CARRIED BY TICKS. >> IT IS AMAZING TO SEE THIS. 28 00:00:56,462 --> 00:00:58,264 >> IT IS AMAZING TO SEE THIS. >> TONIGHT, A LOOK AT SOMETHING 29 00:00:58,264 --> 00:01:01,462 >> TONIGHT, A LOOK AT SOMETHING THAT’S NEVER BEEN ATTEMPTED, 30 00:01:01,462 --> 00:01:02,858 THAT’S NEVER BEEN ATTEMPTED, GENETICALLY ENGINEERING WILD 31 00:01:02,858 --> 00:01:05,066 GENETICALLY ENGINEERING WILD MICE TO PREVENT PEOPLE FROM 32 00:01:05,066 --> 00:01:05,528 MICE TO PREVENT PEOPLE FROM GETTING SICK. 33 00:01:05,528 --> 00:01:08,231 GETTING SICK. >> DO YOU WORRY ABOUT FOOLING 34 00:01:08,231 --> 00:01:08,759 >> DO YOU WORRY ABOUT FOOLING AROUND WITH MOTHER NATURE? 35 00:01:08,759 --> 00:01:10,231 AROUND WITH MOTHER NATURE? [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] 36 00:01:10,231 --> 00:01:11,561 [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] ♪ 37 00:01:11,561 --> 00:01:13,462 ♪ >>> IT’S A FAIRLY SAFE BET THAT 38 00:01:13,462 --> 00:01:17,726 >>> IT’S A FAIRLY SAFE BET THAT MOST KIDS TAKING PIANO LESSONS 39 00:01:17,726 --> 00:01:18,099 MOST KIDS TAKING PIANO LESSONS DON’T LIKE THEM. 40 00:01:18,099 --> 00:01:21,627 DON’T LIKE THEM. NOW ALONG COMES A PIANO TEACHER 41 00:01:21,627 --> 00:01:21,957 NOW ALONG COMES A PIANO TEACHER NAMED PAYAM KHASTKHODAEI. 42 00:01:21,957 --> 00:01:25,000 NAMED PAYAM KHASTKHODAEI. >> IF YOU LEARN ONE, THREE, 43 00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:25,264 >> IF YOU LEARN ONE, THREE, FIVE -- 44 00:01:25,264 --> 00:01:26,165 FIVE -- >> HE’S COME UP WITH A NEW 45 00:01:26,165 --> 00:01:27,132 >> HE’S COME UP WITH A NEW METHOD OF TEACHING THAT HAS 46 00:01:27,132 --> 00:01:32,759 METHOD OF TEACHING THAT HAS STUDENTS LOVING THEIR PIANO 47 00:01:32,759 --> 00:01:33,033 STUDENTS LOVING THEIR PIANO LESSONS. 48 00:01:33,033 --> 00:01:33,660 LESSONS. >> PIANO IS NOT SUPPOSED TO BE 49 00:01:33,660 --> 00:01:33,825 >> PIANO IS NOT SUPPOSED TO BE FUN. 50 00:01:33,825 --> 00:01:34,396 FUN. IT’S SUPPOSED TO BE STRICT. 51 00:01:34,396 --> 00:01:35,033 IT’S SUPPOSED TO BE STRICT. IT’S SUPPOSED TO BE STRESSFUL 52 00:01:35,033 --> 00:01:35,825 IT’S SUPPOSED TO BE STRESSFUL AND WE’RE, LIKE, WHY? 53 00:01:35,825 --> 00:01:37,825 AND WE’RE, LIKE, WHY? ♪ 54 00:01:37,825 --> 00:01:38,825 ♪ OUR STUDENTS DON’T JUST LEARN 55 00:01:38,825 --> 00:01:40,561 OUR STUDENTS DON’T JUST LEARN PEA 56 00:01:40,561 --> 00:01:41,561 PEA PIANO. 57 00:01:41,561 --> 00:01:42,165 PIANO. THEY LOVE PIANO. 58 00:01:42,165 --> 00:01:43,627 THEY LOVE PIANO. [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] 59 00:01:43,627 --> 00:01:45,396 [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] >>> I’M LESLEY STAHL. 60 00:01:45,396 --> 00:01:45,825 >>> I’M LESLEY STAHL. >> I’M BILL WHITAKER. 61 00:01:45,825 --> 00:01:48,396 >> I’M BILL WHITAKER. >> I’M ANDERSON COOPER. 62 00:01:48,396 --> 00:01:48,891 >> I’M ANDERSON COOPER. >> I’M SHARYN ALFONSI. 63 00:01:48,891 --> 00:01:49,396 >> I’M SHARYN ALFONSI. >> I’M JON WERTHEIM. 64 00:01:49,396 --> 00:01:50,198 >> I’M JON WERTHEIM. >> I’M CECILIA VEGA. 65 00:01:50,198 --> 00:01:52,132 >> I’M CECILIA VEGA. >> I’M SCOTT PELLEY. 66 00:01:52,132 --> 00:01:54,066 >> I’M SCOTT PELLEY. THOSE STORIES AND IN OUR LAST 67 00:01:54,066 --> 00:01:56,231 THOSE STORIES AND IN OUR LAST MINUTE, ACTRESS SALLY FIELD WITH 68 00:01:56,231 --> 00:01:59,528 MINUTE, ACTRESS SALLY FIELD WITH A CHILDHOOD LESSON ABOUT 69 00:01:59,528 --> 00:01:59,825 A CHILDHOOD LESSON ABOUT AMERICA. 70 00:01:59,825 --> 00:02:00,396 AMERICA. TONIGHT ON "60 MINUTES." 71 00:02:00,396 --> 00:02:10,792 TONIGHT ON "60 MINUTES." [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] 72 00:02:10,792 --> 00:02:11,858 [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] >>> THE STOCK MARKET HAS BEEN 73 00:02:11,858 --> 00:02:15,627 >>> THE STOCK MARKET HAS BEEN STEADY RISING FOR MANY MONTHS 74 00:02:15,627 --> 00:02:19,165 STEADY RISING FOR MANY MONTHS NOW DESPITE OCCASIONAL 75 00:02:19,165 --> 00:02:20,627 NOW DESPITE OCCASIONAL VOLATILITY AROUND ISSUES LIKE 76 00:02:20,627 --> 00:02:22,033 VOLATILITY AROUND ISSUES LIKE TARIFFS AND WAR. 77 00:02:22,033 --> 00:02:24,726 TARIFFS AND WAR. THESE THINGS GOT US THINKING 78 00:02:24,726 --> 00:02:25,231 THESE THINGS GOT US THINKING ABOUT BOOMS, BUSTS, AND BUBBLES. 79 00:02:25,231 --> 00:02:28,330 ABOUT BOOMS, BUSTS, AND BUBBLES. SO WE DECIDED TO TALK TO THE 80 00:02:28,330 --> 00:02:29,825 SO WE DECIDED TO TALK TO THE COUNTRY’S TOP FINANCIAL 81 00:02:29,825 --> 00:02:31,132 COUNTRY’S TOP FINANCIAL REPORTER, ANDREW ROSS SORKIN. 82 00:02:31,132 --> 00:02:33,495 REPORTER, ANDREW ROSS SORKIN. AS WE FIRST REPORTED IN OCTOBER, 83 00:02:33,495 --> 00:02:35,726 AS WE FIRST REPORTED IN OCTOBER, SORKIN HAD JUST WRITTEN A BOOK 84 00:02:35,726 --> 00:02:38,561 SORKIN HAD JUST WRITTEN A BOOK CALLED "1929" ABOUT THE MARKET 85 00:02:38,561 --> 00:02:40,429 CALLED "1929" ABOUT THE MARKET CRASH A CENTURY AGO. 86 00:02:40,429 --> 00:02:42,957 CRASH A CENTURY AGO. WE WONDERED IF HE RAN OUT OF 87 00:02:42,957 --> 00:02:46,033 WE WONDERED IF HE RAN OUT OF NEWS TO COVER OR WAS HE ALERTING 88 00:02:46,033 --> 00:02:47,792 NEWS TO COVER OR WAS HE ALERTING US THAT WHAT’S HAPPENING IN THE 89 00:02:47,792 --> 00:02:49,891 US THAT WHAT’S HAPPENING IN THE MARKETS RIGHT NOW IS A REPLAY OF 90 00:02:49,891 --> 00:02:52,462 MARKETS RIGHT NOW IS A REPLAY OF WHAT LED TO THE MOST DEVASTATING 91 00:02:52,462 --> 00:02:53,000 WHAT LED TO THE MOST DEVASTATING FINANCIAL COLLAPSE IN OUR 92 00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:55,594 FINANCIAL COLLAPSE IN OUR HISTORY? 93 00:02:55,594 --> 00:02:59,330 HISTORY? >> TUESDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1929. 94 00:02:59,330 --> 00:03:01,132 >> TUESDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1929. >> Reporter: IMAGINE THE NEW 95 00:03:01,132 --> 00:03:03,165 >> Reporter: IMAGINE THE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE BACK THEN. 96 00:03:03,165 --> 00:03:06,726 YORK STOCK EXCHANGE BACK THEN. THE CRUSH OF FRIGHTENED TRADERS 97 00:03:06,726 --> 00:03:08,198 THE CRUSH OF FRIGHTENED TRADERS DUMPING STOCKS, INVESTORS LOSING 98 00:03:08,198 --> 00:03:13,561 DUMPING STOCKS, INVESTORS LOSING THEIR SHIRTS, BUSINESSES, THEIR 99 00:03:13,561 --> 00:03:17,330 THEIR SHIRTS, BUSINESSES, THEIR HOMES, SWEEPING AWAY THE ROARING 100 00:03:17,330 --> 00:03:17,528 HOMES, SWEEPING AWAY THE ROARING ’20s. 101 00:03:17,528 --> 00:03:18,594 ’20s. WALKING THAT SAME BUT 102 00:03:18,594 --> 00:03:19,495 WALKING THAT SAME BUT TRANSFORMED FLOOR TODAY -- 103 00:03:19,495 --> 00:03:20,825 TRANSFORMED FLOOR TODAY -- >> EVERYTHING’S DIGITAL. 104 00:03:20,825 --> 00:03:21,660 >> EVERYTHING’S DIGITAL. >> WELL, YEAH. 105 00:03:21,660 --> 00:03:22,330 >> WELL, YEAH. OKAY. 106 00:03:22,330 --> 00:03:23,528 OKAY. >> Reporter: ANDREW ROSS SORKIN 107 00:03:23,528 --> 00:03:27,132 >> Reporter: ANDREW ROSS SORKIN SAYS WE’RE IN OUR OWN ROARING 108 00:03:27,132 --> 00:03:28,660 SAYS WE’RE IN OUR OWN ROARING ’20s, THE 2020s WITH STOCKS 109 00:03:28,660 --> 00:03:30,297 ’20s, THE 2020s WITH STOCKS CLIMBING FOR MONTHS JUST LIKE 110 00:03:30,297 --> 00:03:30,528 CLIMBING FOR MONTHS JUST LIKE THEN. 111 00:03:30,528 --> 00:03:34,198 THEN. >> THE CRAZY PART ABOUT THIS IS 112 00:03:34,198 --> 00:03:37,561 >> THE CRAZY PART ABOUT THIS IS FROM 1928 TO SEPTEMBER OF 1929, 113 00:03:37,561 --> 00:03:40,792 FROM 1928 TO SEPTEMBER OF 1929, THE STOCK MARKET WAS UP 90%. 114 00:03:40,792 --> 00:03:42,495 THE STOCK MARKET WAS UP 90%. >> WHEN YOU STAY THE STOCK 115 00:03:42,495 --> 00:03:43,396 >> WHEN YOU STAY THE STOCK MARKET WAS WAY UP -- 116 00:03:43,396 --> 00:03:43,891 MARKET WAS WAY UP -- >> RIGHT. 117 00:03:43,891 --> 00:03:44,858 >> RIGHT. >> -- IMMEDIATELY I THINK OF 118 00:03:44,858 --> 00:03:45,033 >> -- IMMEDIATELY I THINK OF NOW. 119 00:03:45,033 --> 00:03:46,594 NOW. ARE YOU SCARED? 120 00:03:46,594 --> 00:03:48,264 ARE YOU SCARED? >> I’M ANXIOUS. 121 00:03:48,264 --> 00:03:50,528 >> I’M ANXIOUS. I’M ANXIOUS THAT WE ARE AT 122 00:03:50,528 --> 00:03:52,726 I’M ANXIOUS THAT WE ARE AT PRICES THAT MAY NOT FEEL 123 00:03:52,726 --> 00:03:54,297 PRICES THAT MAY NOT FEEL SUSTAINABLE, AND WHAT I DON’T 124 00:03:54,297 --> 00:03:55,759 SUSTAINABLE, AND WHAT I DON’T KNOW IS WE ARE EITHER LIVING 125 00:03:55,759 --> 00:03:58,066 KNOW IS WE ARE EITHER LIVING THROUGH SOME KIND OF REMARKABLE 126 00:03:58,066 --> 00:04:00,198 THROUGH SOME KIND OF REMARKABLE BOOM AND PART OF THAT’S 127 00:04:00,198 --> 00:04:00,792 BOOM AND PART OF THAT’S ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND 128 00:04:00,792 --> 00:04:03,825 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND ALL OF THAT, OR 129 00:04:03,825 --> 00:04:05,330 TECHNOLOGY AND ALL OF THAT, OR EVERYTHING’S OVERPRICED. 130 00:04:05,330 --> 00:04:07,099 EVERYTHING’S OVERPRICED. >> OR WE’RE RELIVING -- 131 00:04:07,099 --> 00:04:08,891 >> OR WE’RE RELIVING -- >> 1929. 132 00:04:08,891 --> 00:04:11,033 >> 1929. THERE WAS SO MUCH ANXIETY. 133 00:04:11,033 --> 00:04:11,858 THERE WAS SO MUCH ANXIETY. >> Reporter: SORKIN HAS COVERED 134 00:04:11,858 --> 00:04:14,825 >> Reporter: SORKIN HAS COVERED THE MARKETS FOR TWO DECADES. 135 00:04:14,825 --> 00:04:16,759 THE MARKETS FOR TWO DECADES. HE JOINED "THE NEW YORK TIMES" 136 00:04:16,759 --> 00:04:19,726 HE JOINED "THE NEW YORK TIMES" AFTER COLLEGE, SOON FOUNDING THE 137 00:04:19,726 --> 00:04:22,396 AFTER COLLEGE, SOON FOUNDING THE DEALBOOK NEWSLETTER "COVERING 138 00:04:22,396 --> 00:04:22,660 DEALBOOK NEWSLETTER "COVERING FINANCE." 139 00:04:22,660 --> 00:04:29,231 FINANCE." HE ALSO CO-HOSTS QUAWK BOX" ON 140 00:04:29,231 --> 00:04:29,429 HE ALSO CO-HOSTS QUAWK BOX" ON CNBC. 141 00:04:29,429 --> 00:04:31,858 CNBC. >> THANKS FOR HAVING ME. 142 00:04:31,858 --> 00:04:33,462 >> THANKS FOR HAVING ME. >> Reporter: AND RUNS THE 143 00:04:33,462 --> 00:04:34,594 >> Reporter: AND RUNS THE DEALBOOK SUMMIT WHERE HE TALKS 144 00:04:34,594 --> 00:04:37,099 DEALBOOK SUMMIT WHERE HE TALKS WITH THE HIGH AND MIGHTY. 145 00:04:37,099 --> 00:04:40,231 WITH THE HIGH AND MIGHTY. HE CO-CREATED A TV SHOW, WROTE A 146 00:04:40,231 --> 00:04:42,000 HE CO-CREATED A TV SHOW, WROTE A BEST-SELLER ABOUT THE 2008 147 00:04:42,000 --> 00:04:43,528 BEST-SELLER ABOUT THE 2008 CRASH, AND NOW A BOOK ABOUT 148 00:04:43,528 --> 00:04:43,759 CRASH, AND NOW A BOOK ABOUT 1929. 149 00:04:43,759 --> 00:04:46,132 1929. WE’RE ALWAYS BEING UNDONE BY 150 00:04:46,132 --> 00:04:46,363 WE’RE ALWAYS BEING UNDONE BY BUBBLES. 151 00:04:46,363 --> 00:04:48,726 BUBBLES. THERE WAS THE INTERNET BUBBLE IN 152 00:04:48,726 --> 00:04:51,165 THERE WAS THE INTERNET BUBBLE IN 2000, THE HOUSING IN 2008. 153 00:04:51,165 --> 00:04:53,858 2000, THE HOUSING IN 2008. ARE WE IN ANOTHER BUBBLE, AN AI 154 00:04:53,858 --> 00:04:54,759 ARE WE IN ANOTHER BUBBLE, AN AI BUBBLE OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT? 155 00:04:54,759 --> 00:04:56,132 BUBBLE OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT? >> I THINK IT’S HARD TO SAY 156 00:04:56,132 --> 00:04:58,462 >> I THINK IT’S HARD TO SAY WE’RE NOT IN A BUBBLE OF SOME 157 00:04:58,462 --> 00:04:59,297 WE’RE NOT IN A BUBBLE OF SOME SORT. 158 00:04:59,297 --> 00:05:01,264 SORT. THE QUESTION IS ALWAYS, WHEN IS 159 00:05:01,264 --> 00:05:03,033 THE QUESTION IS ALWAYS, WHEN IS THE BUBBLE GOING TO POP? 160 00:05:03,033 --> 00:05:06,429 THE BUBBLE GOING TO POP? >> ONE SYMPTOM OF A BUBBLE IS 161 00:05:06,429 --> 00:05:07,660 >> ONE SYMPTOM OF A BUBBLE IS WHEN THE MARKET GOES UP AND UP, 162 00:05:11,264 --> 00:05:12,330 WHEN THE MARKET GOES UP AND UP, BUT THE UNDERLYING ECONOMY, THE BUT THE UNDERLYING ECONOMY, THE REAL ECONOMY GOES SOFT. 163 00:05:11,264 --> 00:05:12,330 REAL ECONOMY GOES SOFT. >> RIGHT. 164 00:05:14,627 --> 00:05:15,825 >> RIGHT. >> AND THAT APPEARS TO BE >> AND THAT APPEARS TO BE HAPPENING RIGHT NOW. 165 00:05:14,627 --> 00:05:17,066 HAPPENING RIGHT NOW. >> I WOULD ARGUE TO YOU THAT THE 166 00:05:17,066 --> 00:05:20,759 >> I WOULD ARGUE TO YOU THAT THE ECONOMY’S BEING PROPPED UP 167 00:05:20,759 --> 00:05:23,891 ECONOMY’S BEING PROPPED UP ALMOST ARTIFICIALLY BY THE 168 00:05:23,891 --> 00:05:25,396 ALMOST ARTIFICIALLY BY THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BOOM. 169 00:05:25,396 --> 00:05:26,528 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BOOM. THERE ARE HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS 170 00:05:26,528 --> 00:05:29,627 THERE ARE HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS OF DOLLARS THAT ARE BEING 171 00:05:29,627 --> 00:05:30,627 OF DOLLARS THAT ARE BEING INVESTED TODAY IN ARTIFICIAL 172 00:05:30,627 --> 00:05:31,528 INVESTED TODAY IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. 173 00:05:31,528 --> 00:05:34,363 INTELLIGENCE. THIS IS EITHER A GOLD RUSH OR A 174 00:05:34,363 --> 00:05:36,462 THIS IS EITHER A GOLD RUSH OR A SUGAR RUSH, AND WE PROBABLY 175 00:05:36,462 --> 00:05:38,132 SUGAR RUSH, AND WE PROBABLY WON’T KNOW FOR A COUPLE OF YEARS 176 00:05:38,132 --> 00:05:40,033 WON’T KNOW FOR A COUPLE OF YEARS WHICH ONE IT IS. 177 00:05:40,033 --> 00:05:41,924 WHICH ONE IT IS. >> 4 MILLION SHARES A DAY. 178 00:05:41,924 --> 00:05:44,099 >> 4 MILLION SHARES A DAY. >> Reporter: 1929 WAS A SUGAR 179 00:05:47,330 --> 00:05:48,066 >> Reporter: 1929 WAS A SUGAR RUSH CAUSED BY SPECULATION AND RUSH CAUSED BY SPECULATION AND DEBT. 180 00:05:47,330 --> 00:05:49,231 DEBT. PEOPLE WHO DIDN’T REALLY HAVE 181 00:05:49,231 --> 00:05:51,231 PEOPLE WHO DIDN’T REALLY HAVE MUCH MONEY WERE LURED BY WALL 182 00:05:51,231 --> 00:05:54,396 MUCH MONEY WERE LURED BY WALL STREET BANKERS TO INVEST, USING 183 00:05:54,396 --> 00:05:58,297 STREET BANKERS TO INVEST, USING A NEWFANGLED CONCEPT TO TAKE ON 184 00:05:58,297 --> 00:05:58,924 A NEWFANGLED CONCEPT TO TAKE ON DEBT CALLED CREDIT. 185 00:05:58,924 --> 00:06:02,528 DEBT CALLED CREDIT. YOU ONLY HAD TO PUT DOWN 10% OF 186 00:06:02,528 --> 00:06:04,132 YOU ONLY HAD TO PUT DOWN 10% OF THE STOCK PRICE, BORROWING THE 187 00:06:04,132 --> 00:06:06,165 THE STOCK PRICE, BORROWING THE REST FROM YOUR BROKER. 188 00:06:06,165 --> 00:06:10,528 REST FROM YOUR BROKER. >> PRIOR TO 1919, MOST PEOPLE 189 00:06:10,528 --> 00:06:12,462 >> PRIOR TO 1919, MOST PEOPLE DID NOT TAKE ON CREDIT OR DEBT 190 00:06:12,462 --> 00:06:12,858 DID NOT TAKE ON CREDIT OR DEBT AT ALL. 191 00:06:12,858 --> 00:06:14,264 AT ALL. IT WAS A SIN. 192 00:06:14,264 --> 00:06:15,957 IT WAS A SIN. IT WAS A MORAL SIN TO USE CREDIT 193 00:06:15,957 --> 00:06:17,528 IT WAS A MORAL SIN TO USE CREDIT TO BUY ANYTHING. 194 00:06:17,528 --> 00:06:18,363 TO BUY ANYTHING. >> OH YEAH. 195 00:06:18,363 --> 00:06:18,660 >> OH YEAH. OH. 196 00:06:18,660 --> 00:06:20,891 OH. >> AND IT WAS REALLY GENERAL 197 00:06:20,891 --> 00:06:21,759 >> AND IT WAS REALLY GENERAL MOTORS THAT BASICALLY CAME UP 198 00:06:21,759 --> 00:06:23,825 MOTORS THAT BASICALLY CAME UP WITH THE IDEA THAT WE’RE GOING 199 00:06:23,825 --> 00:06:25,264 WITH THE IDEA THAT WE’RE GOING TO LEND YOU MONEY SO YOU CAN 200 00:06:25,264 --> 00:06:27,792 TO LEND YOU MONEY SO YOU CAN AFFORD TO BUY OUR CARS. 201 00:06:27,792 --> 00:06:28,198 AFFORD TO BUY OUR CARS. >> BRILLIANT. 202 00:06:28,198 --> 00:06:30,264 >> BRILLIANT. >> AND HEN THE BANKERS REALIZED 203 00:06:30,264 --> 00:06:32,330 >> AND HEN THE BANKERS REALIZED WHAT’S HAPPENING AND THEY 204 00:06:32,330 --> 00:06:33,759 WHAT’S HAPPENING AND THEY REALIZED THAT THEY CAN LEND OUT 205 00:06:33,759 --> 00:06:36,363 REALIZED THAT THEY CAN LEND OUT MONEY SO THAT MORE FOLKS CAN BUY 206 00:06:36,363 --> 00:06:36,693 MONEY SO THAT MORE FOLKS CAN BUY STOCKS. 207 00:06:36,693 --> 00:06:39,363 STOCKS. IT WAS ALL SORT OF WRAPPED IN 208 00:06:39,363 --> 00:06:42,792 IT WAS ALL SORT OF WRAPPED IN THE FLAG OF DEMOCRATIZING 209 00:06:42,792 --> 00:06:45,363 THE FLAG OF DEMOCRATIZING ACCESS, AND IN GOOD TIMES WHEN 210 00:06:45,363 --> 00:06:47,132 ACCESS, AND IN GOOD TIMES WHEN THE STOCK IS GOING UP, IT’S LIKE 211 00:06:47,132 --> 00:06:47,924 THE STOCK IS GOING UP, IT’S LIKE FREE MONEY. 212 00:06:47,924 --> 00:06:49,495 FREE MONEY. IN BAD TIMES, YOU’RE ON THE HOOK 213 00:06:49,495 --> 00:06:52,297 IN BAD TIMES, YOU’RE ON THE HOOK AND YOU’RE ON THE HOOK IN A 214 00:06:52,297 --> 00:06:54,066 AND YOU’RE ON THE HOOK IN A VERIED VERY 215 00:06:54,066 --> 00:06:54,891 VERIED VERY BAD WAY. 216 00:06:54,891 --> 00:06:56,099 BAD WAY. >> Reporter: SINCE THEN, LAWS, 217 00:06:56,099 --> 00:06:57,231 >> Reporter: SINCE THEN, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND AGENCIES HAVE 218 00:06:57,231 --> 00:07:00,792 REGULATIONS, AND AGENCIES HAVE BEEN PUT IN PLACE TO PROTECT 219 00:07:00,792 --> 00:07:02,561 BEEN PUT IN PLACE TO PROTECT INVESTORS, ESPECIALLY THE LESS 220 00:07:02,561 --> 00:07:06,231 INVESTORS, ESPECIALLY THE LESS AFFLUENT FROM BEING EXPLOITED. 221 00:07:06,231 --> 00:07:07,660 AFFLUENT FROM BEING EXPLOITED. WE PUT UP BARRIERS AFTER 1929. 222 00:07:07,660 --> 00:07:08,825 WE PUT UP BARRIERS AFTER 1929. >> YES. 223 00:07:08,825 --> 00:07:09,792 >> YES. >> PROTECTIONS. 224 00:07:09,792 --> 00:07:10,297 >> PROTECTIONS. >> YES. 225 00:07:10,297 --> 00:07:12,792 >> YES. >> SO THOSE ARE COMING DOWN, 226 00:07:12,792 --> 00:07:14,627 >> SO THOSE ARE COMING DOWN, THEY’RE TUMBLING DOWN ONE 227 00:07:14,627 --> 00:07:17,231 THEY’RE TUMBLING DOWN ONE AFTER -- THE SEC RULES AREN’T AS 228 00:07:17,231 --> 00:07:17,693 AFTER -- THE SEC RULES AREN’T AS STRINGENT ANYMORE. 229 00:07:17,693 --> 00:07:18,033 STRINGENT ANYMORE. >> YES. 230 00:07:18,033 --> 00:07:20,198 >> YES. THE CONSUMER PROTECTION BUREAU 231 00:07:20,198 --> 00:07:21,198 THE CONSUMER PROTECTION BUREAU PRACTICALLY DOESN’T EXIST 232 00:07:21,198 --> 00:07:21,462 PRACTICALLY DOESN’T EXIST ANYMORE. 233 00:07:21,462 --> 00:07:22,000 ANYMORE. >> RIGHT. 234 00:07:22,000 --> 00:07:22,231 >> RIGHT. CORRECT. 235 00:07:22,231 --> 00:07:22,825 CORRECT. >> THAT’S WHAT CONCERNS ME. 236 00:07:22,825 --> 00:07:24,660 >> THAT’S WHAT CONCERNS ME. IT’S NOT THAT WE’RE DOING OFF A 237 00:07:24,660 --> 00:07:26,363 IT’S NOT THAT WE’RE DOING OFF A CLIFF TOMORROW. 238 00:07:26,363 --> 00:07:28,231 CLIFF TOMORROW. IT’S THAT THERE’S SPECULATION IN 239 00:07:28,231 --> 00:07:29,198 IT’S THAT THERE’S SPECULATION IN THE MARKET TODAY. 240 00:07:29,198 --> 00:07:30,198 THE MARKET TODAY. THERE’S AN INCREASING AMOUNT OF 241 00:07:30,198 --> 00:07:34,495 THERE’S AN INCREASING AMOUNT OF DEBT IN THE MARKET TODAY, AND 242 00:07:34,495 --> 00:07:35,396 DEBT IN THE MARKET TODAY, AND ALL OF THAT’S HAPPENING AGAINST 243 00:07:35,396 --> 00:07:38,759 ALL OF THAT’S HAPPENING AGAINST THE BACKDROP OF THE GUARDRAILS 244 00:07:38,759 --> 00:07:39,528 THE BACKDROP OF THE GUARDRAILS COMING OFF. 245 00:07:39,528 --> 00:07:41,462 COMING OFF. >> Reporter: INCLUDING 246 00:07:41,462 --> 00:07:43,000 >> Reporter: INCLUDING GUARDRAILS THAT ALLOW ONLY THE 247 00:07:43,000 --> 00:07:46,561 GUARDRAILS THAT ALLOW ONLY THE WEALTHY TO INVEST DIRECTLY IN 248 00:07:46,561 --> 00:07:47,297 WEALTHY TO INVEST DIRECTLY IN PRIVATE COMPANIES THAT HAVE 249 00:07:47,297 --> 00:07:49,561 PRIVATE COMPANIES THAT HAVE FEWER REGULATIONS LIKE AI 250 00:07:49,561 --> 00:07:51,198 FEWER REGULATIONS LIKE AI STARTUPS BEFORE THEY GO PUBLIC. 251 00:07:51,198 --> 00:07:56,363 STARTUPS BEFORE THEY GO PUBLIC. >> SO OVER THE LAST 20 OR 30 252 00:07:56,363 --> 00:07:59,099 >> SO OVER THE LAST 20 OR 30 YEARS, FOLKS WHO HAD ACCESS TO, 253 00:07:59,099 --> 00:07:59,858 YEARS, FOLKS WHO HAD ACCESS TO, WHO COULD INVEST IN PRIVATE 254 00:07:59,858 --> 00:08:01,396 WHO COULD INVEST IN PRIVATE EQUITY AND VENTURE CAPITAL, 255 00:08:01,396 --> 00:08:04,792 EQUITY AND VENTURE CAPITAL, CLEARLY OUTPERFORMED FOLKS WHO 256 00:08:04,792 --> 00:08:05,033 CLEARLY OUTPERFORMED FOLKS WHO DIDN’T. 257 00:08:05,033 --> 00:08:08,462 DIDN’T. MONEY, BUT YOU HAVE TO REMEMBER 258 00:08:08,462 --> 00:08:11,297 MONEY, BUT YOU HAVE TO REMEMBER THAT THESE KIND OF ASSETS ARE 259 00:08:11,297 --> 00:08:11,528 THAT THESE KIND OF ASSETS ARE GAMBLES. 260 00:08:11,528 --> 00:08:13,792 GAMBLES. >> PUBLIC COMPANIES, AFTER THE 261 00:08:13,792 --> 00:08:15,660 >> PUBLIC COMPANIES, AFTER THE SEC WAS CREATED, WERE REQUIRED 262 00:08:15,660 --> 00:08:19,792 SEC WAS CREATED, WERE REQUIRED TO HAVE ALL SORTS OF DISCLOSURE 263 00:08:19,792 --> 00:08:20,660 TO HAVE ALL SORTS OF DISCLOSURE RULES SO THAT THE PUBLIC COULD 264 00:08:20,660 --> 00:08:21,924 RULES SO THAT THE PUBLIC COULD UNDERSTAND WHAT’S GOING ON 265 00:08:21,924 --> 00:08:22,858 UNDERSTAND WHAT’S GOING ON INSIDE THEM. 266 00:08:22,858 --> 00:08:24,033 INSIDE THEM. PRIVATE COMPANIES DON’T HAVE 267 00:08:24,033 --> 00:08:25,396 PRIVATE COMPANIES DON’T HAVE THAT, BUT HISTORICALLY, THE 268 00:08:25,396 --> 00:08:27,561 THAT, BUT HISTORICALLY, THE AVERAGE ORDINARY AMERICAN WASN’T 269 00:08:27,561 --> 00:08:28,462 AVERAGE ORDINARY AMERICAN WASN’T REALLY ALLOWED TO INVEST IN THE 270 00:08:28,462 --> 00:08:30,066 REALLY ALLOWED TO INVEST IN THE PRIVATE COMPANIES, BUT IN THIS 271 00:08:30,066 --> 00:08:32,363 PRIVATE COMPANIES, BUT IN THIS FLAG OF DEMOCRATIZING FINANCE, 272 00:08:32,363 --> 00:08:34,495 FLAG OF DEMOCRATIZING FINANCE, THERE’S A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO WANT 273 00:08:34,495 --> 00:08:37,000 THERE’S A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO WANT ACCESS TO THAT. 274 00:08:37,000 --> 00:08:38,000 ACCESS TO THAT. ISN’T THIS SOMETHING? 275 00:08:38,000 --> 00:08:38,495 ISN’T THIS SOMETHING? >> THIS IS SPECTACULAR. 276 00:08:38,495 --> 00:08:40,495 >> THIS IS SPECTACULAR. >> Reporter: SORKIN TOOK US TO 277 00:08:40,495 --> 00:08:42,165 >> Reporter: SORKIN TOOK US TO THE 5th AVENUE MANSION OF ONE OF 278 00:08:42,165 --> 00:08:44,231 THE 5th AVENUE MANSION OF ONE OF THE BIG BANKERS BACK THEN WHO 279 00:08:44,231 --> 00:08:46,396 THE BIG BANKERS BACK THEN WHO PUSHED DEMOCRATIZATION. 280 00:08:46,396 --> 00:08:49,759 PUSHED DEMOCRATIZATION. IF THIS IDEA OF BRINGING THE 281 00:08:49,759 --> 00:08:52,495 IF THIS IDEA OF BRINGING THE REGULAR GUY INTO BUYING STOCK -- 282 00:08:52,495 --> 00:08:54,198 REGULAR GUY INTO BUYING STOCK -- >> RIGHT. 283 00:08:54,198 --> 00:08:56,693 >> RIGHT. >> IF THAT WAS A BIG PROBLEM 284 00:08:56,693 --> 00:08:58,198 >> IF THAT WAS A BIG PROBLEM BACK IN 1929, WHY ARE WE GOING 285 00:08:58,198 --> 00:08:58,759 BACK IN 1929, WHY ARE WE GOING THERE AGAIN? 286 00:08:58,759 --> 00:09:01,396 THERE AGAIN? DOESN’T IT DEFY SOME KIND OF 287 00:09:01,396 --> 00:09:01,594 DOESN’T IT DEFY SOME KIND OF LOGIC? 288 00:09:01,594 --> 00:09:02,198 LOGIC? >> THERE IS A VIEW THAT IT’S 289 00:09:02,198 --> 00:09:08,264 >> THERE IS A VIEW THAT IT’S HAD ACCESS TO THESE INVESTMENTS, 290 00:09:08,264 --> 00:09:09,825 HAD ACCESS TO THESE INVESTMENTS, FCEBOOK BEFORE IT EVER WENT 291 00:09:09,825 --> 00:09:11,495 FCEBOOK BEFORE IT EVER WENT PUBLIC, UBER BEFORE IT WENT 292 00:09:11,495 --> 00:09:11,726 PUBLIC, UBER BEFORE IT WENT PUBLIC. 293 00:09:11,726 --> 00:09:14,066 PUBLIC. SO THERE IS THIS IDEA THAT IT’S 294 00:09:14,066 --> 00:09:16,495 SO THERE IS THIS IDEA THAT IT’S UNFAIR ACTUALLY TO THE ORDINARY 295 00:09:16,495 --> 00:09:17,198 UNFAIR ACTUALLY TO THE ORDINARY INVESTOR BECAUSE WE HAVEN’T 296 00:09:17,198 --> 00:09:20,792 INVESTOR BECAUSE WE HAVEN’T ALLOWED THEM TO GET ACCESS TO 297 00:09:20,792 --> 00:09:21,726 ALLOWED THEM TO GET ACCESS TO SOME OF THESE INVESTMENT 298 00:09:21,726 --> 00:09:23,561 SOME OF THESE INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES EARLY, AND THERE 299 00:09:23,561 --> 00:09:27,726 OPPORTUNITIES EARLY, AND THERE IS A REAL PUSH, PARTIALLY BY THE 300 00:09:27,726 --> 00:09:32,231 IS A REAL PUSH, PARTIALLY BY THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION, PARTIALLY 301 00:09:32,231 --> 00:09:32,825 TRUMP ADMINISTRATION, PARTIALLY BY THE INDUSTRY ITSELF WHICH 302 00:09:32,825 --> 00:09:33,132 BY THE INDUSTRY ITSELF WHICH WANTS TO -- 303 00:09:33,132 --> 00:09:33,627 WANTS TO -- >> GET MORE MONEY. 304 00:09:33,627 --> 00:09:35,198 >> GET MORE MONEY. >> -- GET MORE MONEY IN, TO OPEN 305 00:09:35,198 --> 00:09:36,759 >> -- GET MORE MONEY IN, TO OPEN UP THE MARKET TO MORE AND MORE 306 00:09:36,759 --> 00:09:37,726 UP THE MARKET TO MORE AND MORE PEOPLE. 307 00:09:37,726 --> 00:09:39,924 PEOPLE. >> SO WE HAVE THESE GUARDRAILS 308 00:09:39,924 --> 00:09:40,759 >> SO WE HAVE THESE GUARDRAILS FOR A REASON. 309 00:09:40,759 --> 00:09:42,462 FOR A REASON. I MEAN, THEY’RE THERE TO 310 00:09:42,462 --> 00:09:43,660 I MEAN, THEY’RE THERE TO PROTECT, AND THEY HAVE 311 00:09:43,660 --> 00:09:44,231 PROTECT, AND THEY HAVE PROTECTED -- 312 00:09:44,231 --> 00:09:45,264 PROTECTED -- >> THEY HAVE PROTECTED A LOT OF 313 00:09:45,264 --> 00:09:47,297 >> THEY HAVE PROTECTED A LOT OF PEOPLE, BUT SOME PEOPLE WOULD 314 00:09:47,297 --> 00:09:48,033 PEOPLE, BUT SOME PEOPLE WOULD SAY THEY’VE PROTECTED PEOPLE 315 00:09:48,033 --> 00:09:50,297 SAY THEY’VE PROTECTED PEOPLE FROM GETTING RICH. 316 00:09:50,297 --> 00:09:52,297 FROM GETTING RICH. >> MANY PEOPLE DON’T BELIEVE IN 317 00:09:52,297 --> 00:09:54,363 >> MANY PEOPLE DON’T BELIEVE IN CAPITALISM ANYMORE, AND I THINK 318 00:09:54,363 --> 00:09:55,825 CAPITALISM ANYMORE, AND I THINK A LOT OF IT IS BECAUSE THEY WERE 319 00:09:55,825 --> 00:09:59,198 A LOT OF IT IS BECAUSE THEY WERE NOT A PART OF THE GROWTH OF THE 320 00:09:59,198 --> 00:09:59,495 NOT A PART OF THE GROWTH OF THE ECONOMY. 321 00:09:59,495 --> 00:10:01,858 ECONOMY. >> Reporter: WE WENT TO LARRY 322 00:10:01,858 --> 00:10:06,033 >> Reporter: WE WENT TO LARRY FINK, CEO OF BLACKROCK, THE 323 00:10:06,033 --> 00:10:06,693 FINK, CEO OF BLACKROCK, THE WORLD’S BIGGEST MONEY MANAGER, 324 00:10:06,693 --> 00:10:08,660 WORLD’S BIGGEST MONEY MANAGER, HANDLING ABOUT $14 TRILLION IN 325 00:10:08,660 --> 00:10:11,330 HANDLING ABOUT $14 TRILLION IN ASSETS LIKE PENSION FUNDS. 326 00:10:11,330 --> 00:10:14,627 ASSETS LIKE PENSION FUNDS. HIS ANNUAL LETTER TO INVESTORS 327 00:10:14,627 --> 00:10:19,858 HIS ANNUAL LETTER TO INVESTORS IS A KIND OF INDUSTRY ROADMAP. 328 00:10:19,858 --> 00:10:20,726 IS A KIND OF INDUSTRY ROADMAP. IN 2025, IT SUGGESTED OPENING 329 00:10:20,726 --> 00:10:22,825 IN 2025, IT SUGGESTED OPENING OUR RETIREMENT 401(k)s, BASTIONS 330 00:10:22,825 --> 00:10:25,594 OUR RETIREMENT 401(k)s, BASTIONS OF CAUTION, TO RISKIER PRIVATE 331 00:10:25,594 --> 00:10:28,462 OF CAUTION, TO RISKIER PRIVATE INVESTMENTS IN THE NAME OF -- 332 00:10:28,462 --> 00:10:32,627 INVESTMENTS IN THE NAME OF -- WAIT FOR IT -- DEMOCRATIZING 333 00:10:32,627 --> 00:10:32,924 WAIT FOR IT -- DEMOCRATIZING ADVERTISING. 334 00:10:32,924 --> 00:10:33,858 ADVERTISING. >> THERE’S MANY GREAT 335 00:10:33,858 --> 00:10:36,726 >> THERE’S MANY GREAT OPPORTUNITIES TO BE INVESTING 336 00:10:36,726 --> 00:10:40,528 OPPORTUNITIES TO BE INVESTING IN -- IN STARTUP COMPANIES, TO 337 00:10:40,528 --> 00:10:48,924 IN -- IN STARTUP COMPANIES, TO INVEST IN AI OR DATA CENTERS. 338 00:10:48,924 --> 00:10:50,429 INVEST IN AI OR DATA CENTERS. RIGHT NOW WE ARE PROCLUDED TO 339 00:10:50,429 --> 00:10:54,066 RIGHT NOW WE ARE PROCLUDED TO MANY OF THOSE PRODUCTS, AND NOW 340 00:10:54,066 --> 00:10:54,660 MANY OF THOSE PRODUCTS, AND NOW THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION HAS 341 00:10:54,660 --> 00:10:55,297 THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION HAS SAID WE ARE GOING TO ALLOW IN 342 00:10:55,297 --> 00:10:57,495 SAID WE ARE GOING TO ALLOW IN OUR 401(k) PRODUCTS THE 343 00:10:57,495 --> 00:10:58,495 OUR 401(k) PRODUCTS THE OPPORTUNITY TO INVEST IN THESE 344 00:10:58,495 --> 00:10:59,231 OPPORTUNITY TO INVEST IN THESE PRIVATE MARKETS. 345 00:10:59,231 --> 00:11:02,231 PRIVATE MARKETS. >> BUT THEY ARE RISKY, AREN’T 346 00:11:02,231 --> 00:11:02,561 >> BUT THEY ARE RISKY, AREN’T THEY? 347 00:11:02,561 --> 00:11:04,726 THEY? >> YES, BUT EVERYTHING’S RISKY 348 00:11:04,726 --> 00:11:06,660 >> YES, BUT EVERYTHING’S RISKY OTHER THAN KEEPING YOUR MONEY IN 349 00:11:06,660 --> 00:11:08,693 OTHER THAN KEEPING YOUR MONEY IN A BANK ACCOUNT OVERNIGHT. 350 00:11:08,693 --> 00:11:10,198 A BANK ACCOUNT OVERNIGHT. >> BUT WE’RE TALKING ABOUT 351 00:11:10,198 --> 00:11:10,693 >> BUT WE’RE TALKING ABOUT 401(k)s. 352 00:11:10,693 --> 00:11:11,429 401(k)s. >> YES. 353 00:11:13,528 --> 00:11:14,099 >> YES. >> INVESTING OUT OF RETIREMENT >> INVESTING OUT OF RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS. 354 00:11:13,528 --> 00:11:15,099 ACCOUNTS. >> YES. 355 00:11:15,099 --> 00:11:16,792 >> YES. >> YOU’RE RISKING THE NEST EGG, 356 00:11:16,792 --> 00:11:18,198 >> YOU’RE RISKING THE NEST EGG, OR A PART OF THE -- A LITTLE 357 00:11:18,198 --> 00:11:18,957 OR A PART OF THE -- A LITTLE PART OF THE NEST EGG. 358 00:11:18,957 --> 00:11:20,396 PART OF THE NEST EGG. >> BUT WHAT THE MARKETS WILL 359 00:11:20,396 --> 00:11:23,099 >> BUT WHAT THE MARKETS WILL TEACH YOU OVER THE LAST HUNDRED 360 00:11:23,099 --> 00:11:24,693 TEACH YOU OVER THE LAST HUNDRED YEARS, EVEN AT THE WORST 361 00:11:24,693 --> 00:11:26,132 YEARS, EVEN AT THE WORST MOMENTS, IF YOU HAVE THE ABILITY 362 00:11:26,132 --> 00:11:28,429 MOMENTS, IF YOU HAVE THE ABILITY TO PERSEVERE AND YOU HAVE A 363 00:11:28,429 --> 00:11:30,000 TO PERSEVERE AND YOU HAVE A LONG-TERM HORIZON, YOU’RE GOING 364 00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:33,033 LONG-TERM HORIZON, YOU’RE GOING TO DO FINE, AND A DIVERSIFIED 365 00:11:33,033 --> 00:11:33,594 TO DO FINE, AND A DIVERSIFIED PORTFOLIO IS ESSENTIAL. 366 00:11:33,594 --> 00:11:36,858 PORTFOLIO IS ESSENTIAL. WE’RE NOT SUGGESTING, YOU KNOW, 367 00:11:36,858 --> 00:11:39,363 WE’RE NOT SUGGESTING, YOU KNOW, ONE SHOE FITS ALL. 368 00:11:39,363 --> 00:11:40,198 ONE SHOE FITS ALL. WE ARE SUGGESTING THE 369 00:11:40,198 --> 00:11:41,528 WE ARE SUGGESTING THE OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE THAT ABILITY 370 00:11:41,528 --> 00:11:42,957 OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE THAT ABILITY TO INVEST IN THESE PRIVATE 371 00:11:42,957 --> 00:11:45,792 TO INVEST IN THESE PRIVATE MARKET INVESTMENTS. 372 00:11:45,792 --> 00:11:46,924 MARKET INVESTMENTS. >> Reporter: HE ALSO BELIEVES WE 373 00:11:46,924 --> 00:11:49,561 >> Reporter: HE ALSO BELIEVES WE SHOULD BE INVESTING IN CRYPTO. 374 00:11:49,561 --> 00:11:50,198 SHOULD BE INVESTING IN CRYPTO. >> IT WASN’T THAT LONG AGO THAT 375 00:11:50,198 --> 00:11:54,891 >> IT WASN’T THAT LONG AGO THAT THE BIG BANKERS, JAMIE DIMON AND 376 00:11:54,891 --> 00:11:57,000 THE BIG BANKERS, JAMIE DIMON AND LARRY FINK, WERE SAYING THAT 377 00:11:57,000 --> 00:12:00,099 LARRY FINK, WERE SAYING THAT CRYPTO WAS STUPID AND A FRAUD. 378 00:12:00,099 --> 00:12:01,627 CRYPTO WAS STUPID AND A FRAUD. >> I DID SAY BITCOIN -- BECAUSE 379 00:12:01,627 --> 00:12:04,759 >> I DID SAY BITCOIN -- BECAUSE WE WERE TALKING ABOUT BITCOIN 380 00:12:04,759 --> 00:12:08,858 WE WERE TALKING ABOUT BITCOIN THEN, WAS THE DOMAIN OF MONEY 381 00:12:08,858 --> 00:12:08,957 THEN, WAS THE DOMAIN OF MONEY 382 00:12:08,957 --> 00:12:10,231 LAUNDERERS AND THIEVES. 383 00:12:10,231 --> 00:12:12,528 LAUNDERERS AND THIEVES. THE MARKETS TEACH YOU, YOU HAVE 384 00:12:12,528 --> 00:12:13,297 THE MARKETS TEACH YOU, YOU HAVE TO ALWAYS RELOOK AT YOUR 385 00:12:13,297 --> 00:12:13,396 TO ALWAYS RELOOK AT YOUR 386 00:12:13,396 --> 00:12:13,693 ASSUMPTIONS. 387 00:12:13,693 --> 00:12:15,462 ASSUMPTIONS. THIS IS A ROLE FOR CRYPTO IN THE 388 00:12:15,462 --> 00:12:18,495 THIS IS A ROLE FOR CRYPTO IN THE SAME WAY THERE’S A ROLE FOR 389 00:12:18,495 --> 00:12:20,726 SAME WAY THERE’S A ROLE FOR GOLD. 390 00:12:20,726 --> 00:12:21,594 GOLD. THAT IS IT’S AN ALTERNATIVE. 391 00:12:21,594 --> 00:12:23,858 THAT IS IT’S AN ALTERNATIVE. FOR THOSE LOOKING TO DIVERSIFY, 392 00:12:26,099 --> 00:12:27,594 FOR THOSE LOOKING TO DIVERSIFY, THIS IS NOT A BAD ASSET, BUT I THIS IS NOT A BAD ASSET, BUT I DON’T BELIEVE IT SHOULD BE A 393 00:12:26,099 --> 00:12:31,066 DON’T BELIEVE IT SHOULD BE A LARGE COMPONENT OF YOUR 394 00:12:31,066 --> 00:12:31,759 LARGE COMPONENT OF YOUR PORTFOLIO. 395 00:12:31,759 --> 00:12:32,726 PORTFOLIO. >> Reporter: BUT SORKIN SAYS 396 00:12:32,726 --> 00:12:34,660 >> Reporter: BUT SORKIN SAYS SOME CRYPTO CAN BE ABUSED IN 397 00:12:34,660 --> 00:12:37,198 SOME CRYPTO CAN BE ABUSED IN WAYS SIMILAR TO 1929. 398 00:12:44,066 --> 00:12:45,528 WAYS SIMILAR TO 1929. TAKE MEMECOINS, IESTAKE MEMECOINS, IES THAT CAN BE MANIPULATED BY 399 00:12:44,066 --> 00:12:45,726 THAT CAN BE MANIPULATED BY SPECULATORS WHO PUMP THEM UP, 400 00:12:45,726 --> 00:12:46,726 SPECULATORS WHO PUMP THEM UP, THEN LET THEM CRASH. 401 00:12:46,726 --> 00:12:48,858 THEN LET THEM CRASH. >> THERE ARE A NUMBER OF 402 00:12:48,858 --> 00:12:50,759 >> THERE ARE A NUMBER OF EXAMPLES WHERE IT FELT LIKE 403 00:12:50,759 --> 00:12:52,693 EXAMPLES WHERE IT FELT LIKE THERE WAS AN INSIDE GROUP OF 404 00:12:52,693 --> 00:12:53,924 THERE WAS AN INSIDE GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO WERE COLLUDING TO 405 00:12:53,924 --> 00:12:56,066 PEOPLE WHO WERE COLLUDING TO PUMP UP SOME OF THESE 406 00:12:56,066 --> 00:12:56,957 PUMP UP SOME OF THESE CRYPTOCURRENCIES AND OTHER 407 00:12:56,957 --> 00:12:57,495 CRYPTOCURRENCIES AND OTHER THINGS. 408 00:12:57,495 --> 00:13:00,297 THINGS. I’LL GIVE YOU A BIZARRE STORY OF 409 00:13:00,297 --> 00:13:01,330 I’LL GIVE YOU A BIZARRE STORY OF MY OWN. 410 00:13:01,330 --> 00:13:02,957 MY OWN. I WAS ON TELEVISION WITH LARRY 411 00:13:02,957 --> 00:13:05,528 I WAS ON TELEVISION WITH LARRY FINK, AND HE MAKES A JOKE, I 412 00:13:05,528 --> 00:13:06,429 FINK, AND HE MAKES A JOKE, I THINK, ABOUT HOW THERE SHOULD BE 413 00:13:06,429 --> 00:13:07,363 THINK, ABOUT HOW THERE SHOULD BE A SORKINCOIN. 414 00:13:07,363 --> 00:13:09,726 A SORKINCOIN. >> I THINK THE SORKINCOIN -- 415 00:13:09,726 --> 00:13:10,264 >> I THINK THE SORKINCOIN -- >> SORKINCOIN. 416 00:13:10,264 --> 00:13:12,759 >> SORKINCOIN. >> WELL, TWO HOURS LATER, 417 00:13:12,759 --> 00:13:14,594 >> WELL, TWO HOURS LATER, SOMEBODY MAKES A SORKINCOIN, AND 418 00:13:14,594 --> 00:13:17,693 SOMEBODY MAKES A SORKINCOIN, AND ALL OF A SUDDEN THE SORKINCOIN 419 00:13:17,693 --> 00:13:20,396 ALL OF A SUDDEN THE SORKINCOIN IS NOW H MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 420 00:13:20,396 --> 00:13:21,000 IS NOW H MILLIONS OF DOLLARS AND I’M WATCHING IT. 421 00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:21,429 AND I’M WATCHING IT. >> ARE YOU SERIOUS? 422 00:13:21,429 --> 00:13:22,660 >> ARE YOU SERIOUS? >> GOING UP AND UP AND UP AND 423 00:13:22,660 --> 00:13:22,858 >> GOING UP AND UP AND UP AND UP. 424 00:13:22,858 --> 00:13:24,759 UP. >> Reporter: THE SORKINCOIN 425 00:13:24,759 --> 00:13:29,363 >> Reporter: THE SORKINCOIN PEAKED AT $170 MILLION WORTH OF 426 00:13:29,363 --> 00:13:29,759 PEAKED AT $170 MILLION WORTH OF TRADING IN A DAY. 427 00:13:29,759 --> 00:13:30,726 TRADING IN A DAY. >> AND I THINK TODAY IT’S AT 428 00:13:30,726 --> 00:13:34,924 >> AND I THINK TODAY IT’S AT SOMETHING LIKE $20 OR $21 TODAY. 429 00:13:34,924 --> 00:13:37,825 SOMETHING LIKE $20 OR $21 TODAY. >> I’M THRILLED O HAVE BILL 430 00:13:37,825 --> 00:13:38,297 >> I’M THRILLED O HAVE BILL GATES WITH US. 431 00:13:38,297 --> 00:13:38,924 GATES WITH US. >>Reporter: SORKIN IS TRUPSED 432 00:13:38,924 --> 00:13:40,825 >>Reporter: SORKIN IS TRUPSED BY THE WORLD’S TOP BUSINESS 433 00:13:40,825 --> 00:13:42,726 BY THE WORLD’S TOP BUSINESS LEADERS WHO TALK TO HIM OFTEN 434 00:13:42,726 --> 00:13:43,099 LEADERS WHO TALK TO HIM OFTEN EXCLUSIVELY. 435 00:13:43,099 --> 00:13:44,429 EXCLUSIVELY. >> I HAVE NO PROBLEM BEING 436 00:13:44,429 --> 00:13:47,627 >> I HAVE NO PROBLEM BEING HATED, BY THE WAY. 437 00:13:47,627 --> 00:13:48,726 HATED, BY THE WAY. >> WHAT ROLE DO YOU THINK THESE 438 00:13:48,726 --> 00:13:49,693 >> WHAT ROLE DO YOU THINK THESE BUSINESS LEADERS SHOULD BE 439 00:13:49,693 --> 00:13:50,396 BUSINESS LEADERS SHOULD BE PLAYING NOW? 440 00:13:50,396 --> 00:13:54,363 PLAYING NOW? >> MY OWN VIEW IS THAT MOST CEOs 441 00:13:54,363 --> 00:13:56,231 >> MY OWN VIEW IS THAT MOST CEOs IN AMERICA TODAY ARE VERY SCARED 442 00:13:56,231 --> 00:13:58,462 IN AMERICA TODAY ARE VERY SCARED TO SPEAK OUT PUBLICLY ABOUT 443 00:13:58,462 --> 00:13:58,858 TO SPEAK OUT PUBLICLY ABOUT ANYTHING. 444 00:13:58,858 --> 00:14:02,000 ANYTHING. THEY ARE SO WORRIED THAT THEY 445 00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:07,165 THEY ARE SO WORRIED THAT THEY ARE GOING TO BE POTENTIALLY 446 00:14:09,792 --> 00:14:11,132 ARE GOING TO BE POTENTIALLY ATTACKED BY THE ADMINISTRATION ATTACKED BY THE ADMINISTRATION OR REGULATED, THEY’RE GOING TO 447 00:14:09,792 --> 00:14:11,660 OR REGULATED, THEY’RE GOING TO HAVE A MERGER IN FRONT OF SOME 448 00:14:11,660 --> 00:14:12,759 HAVE A MERGER IN FRONT OF SOME AGENCY THAT’S NOT GOING TO BE 449 00:14:12,759 --> 00:14:14,033 AGENCY THAT’S NOT GOING TO BE ALLOWED TO GO THROUGH. 450 00:14:14,033 --> 00:14:16,627 ALLOWED TO GO THROUGH. THEY HAVE SO NERVOUS ABOUT 451 00:14:16,627 --> 00:14:18,033 THEY HAVE SO NERVOUS ABOUT CRITICIZING ANYTHING THAT’S 452 00:14:18,033 --> 00:14:20,396 CRITICIZING ANYTHING THAT’S GOING ON WITH THIS 453 00:14:20,396 --> 00:14:20,693 GOING ON WITH THIS ADMINISTRATION. 454 00:14:20,693 --> 00:14:22,231 ADMINISTRATION. >> THERE ARE SOME ECONOMISTS WHO 455 00:14:22,231 --> 00:14:25,297 >> THERE ARE SOME ECONOMISTS WHO SUGGEST THAT BECAUSE MR. TRUMP 456 00:14:25,297 --> 00:14:27,132 SUGGEST THAT BECAUSE MR. TRUMP TIES HIS SUCCESS TO THE SUCCESS 457 00:14:27,132 --> 00:14:30,165 TIES HIS SUCCESS TO THE SUCCESS OF THE MARKET, THAT HE’S NOT 458 00:14:30,165 --> 00:14:32,759 OF THE MARKET, THAT HE’S NOT GOING TO LET ANYTHING LIKE WHAT 459 00:14:32,759 --> 00:14:34,957 GOING TO LET ANYTHING LIKE WHAT HAPPENED IN 1929 HAPPEN, AND 460 00:14:34,957 --> 00:14:37,033 HAPPENED IN 1929 HAPPEN, AND THAT WE SHOULD FEEL SECURE 461 00:14:37,033 --> 00:14:37,594 THAT WE SHOULD FEEL SECURE BECAUSE OF THAT. 462 00:14:37,594 --> 00:14:41,132 BECAUSE OF THAT. >> I THINK IT’S HARD TO KNOW HOW 463 00:14:41,132 --> 00:14:44,759 >> I THINK IT’S HARD TO KNOW HOW THINGS GET OUT OF CONTROL. 464 00:14:44,759 --> 00:14:46,528 THINGS GET OUT OF CONTROL. WHEN CONFIDENCE DISAPPEARS, IT 465 00:14:46,528 --> 00:14:47,165 WHEN CONFIDENCE DISAPPEARS, IT HAPPENS LIKE THIS. 466 00:14:47,165 --> 00:14:50,858 HAPPENS LIKE THIS. >> SO YOU SPENT NEARLY TEN YEARS 467 00:14:50,858 --> 00:14:51,561 >> SO YOU SPENT NEARLY TEN YEARS ON THIS BOOK. 468 00:14:51,561 --> 00:14:55,957 ON THIS BOOK. THE INEVITABLE QUESTION IS -- DO 469 00:14:55,957 --> 00:15:00,429 THE INEVITABLE QUESTION IS -- DO YOU THINK THAT WE WILL HAVE A 470 00:15:00,429 --> 00:15:00,792 YOU THINK THAT WE WILL HAVE A CRASH OR NOT? 471 00:15:00,792 --> 00:15:05,198 CRASH OR NOT? >> THE ANSWER IS WE WILL HAVE A 472 00:15:05,198 --> 00:15:05,396 >> THE ANSWER IS WE WILL HAVE A CRASH. 473 00:15:05,396 --> 00:15:06,033 CRASH. I JUST CAN’T TELL YOU WHEN, AND 474 00:15:06,033 --> 00:15:08,759 I JUST CAN’T TELL YOU WHEN, AND I CAN’T TELL YOU HOW DEEP, BUT I 475 00:15:08,759 --> 00:15:10,561 I CAN’T TELL YOU HOW DEEP, BUT I CAN ASSURE YOU, UNFORTUNATELY -- 476 00:15:10,561 --> 00:15:12,561 CAN ASSURE YOU, UNFORTUNATELY -- I WISH I WASN’T SAYING THIS. 477 00:15:12,561 --> 00:15:13,033 I WISH I WASN’T SAYING THIS. WE WILL HAVE A CRASH. 478 00:15:13,033 --> 00:15:22,594 WE WILL HAVE A CRASH. [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] 479 00:15:22,594 --> 00:15:23,198 [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] 480 00:15:23,198 --> 00:15:27,495 [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] >>> DR. JON LAPOOK ON ASSIGN.MEN 481 00:15:27,495 --> 00:15:28,594 >>> DR. JON LAPOOK ON ASSIGN.MEN FOR "60 MINUTES." 482 00:15:28,594 --> 00:15:31,000 FOR "60 MINUTES." >> BIOLOGIST CHARLES DARWIN 483 00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:33,231 >> BIOLOGIST CHARLES DARWIN BEGAN CRAFTING HIS THEORY OF 484 00:15:33,231 --> 00:15:34,066 BEGAN CRAFTING HIS THEORY OF EVOLUTION ON A TRIP TO THE 485 00:15:34,066 --> 00:15:35,957 EVOLUTION ON A TRIP TO THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS WHERE HE 486 00:15:35,957 --> 00:15:36,693 GALAPAGOS ISLANDS WHERE HE DISCOVERED ANIMALS DEVELOPED 487 00:15:36,693 --> 00:15:38,132 DISCOVERED ANIMALS DEVELOPED UNIQUE TRAITS THAT VARIED FROM 488 00:15:38,132 --> 00:15:39,165 UNIQUE TRAITS THAT VARIED FROM ISLAND TO ISLAND. 489 00:15:39,165 --> 00:15:40,924 ISLAND TO ISLAND. NEARLY TWO CENTURIES LATER ON A 490 00:15:40,924 --> 00:15:42,594 NEARLY TWO CENTURIES LATER ON A DIFFERENT ISLAND, SCIENTISTS 491 00:15:42,594 --> 00:15:45,066 DIFFERENT ISLAND, SCIENTISTS AREN’T JUST OBSERVING EVOLUTION. 492 00:15:45,066 --> 00:15:46,660 AREN’T JUST OBSERVING EVOLUTION. THEY NOW HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY TO 493 00:15:46,660 --> 00:15:48,495 THEY NOW HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY TO SHAPE IT. 494 00:15:48,495 --> 00:15:50,033 SHAPE IT. WE MET A TEAM OF MODERN-DAY 495 00:15:50,033 --> 00:15:54,924 WE MET A TEAM OF MODERN-DAY DARWINS ON NANTUCKET WHERE THEY 496 00:15:54,924 --> 00:15:59,495 DARWINS ON NANTUCKET WHERE THEY TOLD US THEY’RE USING GENETIC 497 00:15:59,495 --> 00:16:00,627 TOLD US THEY’RE USING GENETIC ENGINEERING TO REDUCE LYME 498 00:16:00,627 --> 00:16:03,561 ENGINEERING TO REDUCE LYME DISEASE, A TICK-BORNE ILLNESS IN 499 00:16:03,561 --> 00:16:04,726 DISEASE, A TICK-BORNE ILLNESS IN THE UPPER MIDWEST, BUT ALSO 500 00:16:04,726 --> 00:16:06,066 THE UPPER MIDWEST, BUT ALSO THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES. 501 00:16:06,066 --> 00:16:07,726 THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES. THE SCIENTISTS’ TARGET MAY 502 00:16:07,726 --> 00:16:08,297 THE SCIENTISTS’ TARGET MAY SURPRISE YOU. 503 00:16:08,297 --> 00:16:10,066 SURPRISE YOU. IT’S NOT THE DEER OFTEN 504 00:16:10,066 --> 00:16:12,165 IT’S NOT THE DEER OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISEASE OR 505 00:16:12,165 --> 00:16:14,231 ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISEASE OR EVEN THE TICKS, BUT WILD MICE, 506 00:16:14,231 --> 00:16:16,891 EVEN THE TICKS, BUT WILD MICE, THE MAIN CARRIERS OF LYME. 507 00:16:16,891 --> 00:16:18,594 THE MAIN CARRIERS OF LYME. WITH THE RATE OF EMERGENCY ROOM 508 00:16:18,594 --> 00:16:19,924 WITH THE RATE OF EMERGENCY ROOM VISITS FOR TICK BITES AT A 509 00:16:19,924 --> 00:16:21,264 VISITS FOR TICK BITES AT A RECORD HIGH IN SOME REGIONS, 510 00:16:21,264 --> 00:16:22,429 RECORD HIGH IN SOME REGIONS, THIS COULD BE THE SUMMER 511 00:16:22,429 --> 00:16:24,000 THIS COULD BE THE SUMMER AMERICANS CONSIDER A NEW 512 00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:27,693 AMERICANS CONSIDER A NEW STRATEGY TO FIGHT DISEASE, 513 00:16:27,693 --> 00:16:30,792 STRATEGY TO FIGHT DISEASE, SCULPTING EVOLUTION. 514 00:16:30,792 --> 00:16:33,066 SCULPTING EVOLUTION. 30 MILES OFF THE COAST OF CAPE 515 00:16:33,066 --> 00:16:34,660 30 MILES OFF THE COAST OF CAPE COD, MASSACHUSETTS IS THE ISLAND 516 00:16:34,660 --> 00:16:38,231 COD, MASSACHUSETTS IS THE ISLAND OF NANTUCKET, A 14-MILE-LONG, 517 00:16:38,231 --> 00:16:39,231 OF NANTUCKET, A 14-MILE-LONG, 3-MILE-WIDE OASIS KNOWN FOR ITS 518 00:16:39,231 --> 00:16:41,264 3-MILE-WIDE OASIS KNOWN FOR ITS NATURAL BEAUTY, PRISTINE 519 00:16:41,264 --> 00:16:44,561 NATURAL BEAUTY, PRISTINE SHORELINES, AND PROTECTED 520 00:16:44,561 --> 00:16:45,693 SHORELINES, AND PROTECTED LANDSCAPE, BUT HIDDEN IS A 521 00:16:45,693 --> 00:16:49,330 LANDSCAPE, BUT HIDDEN IS A SCOURGE THAT’S AFFLICTED 13% OF 522 00:16:49,330 --> 00:16:50,033 SCOURGE THAT’S AFFLICTED 13% OF ITS RESIDENTS. 523 00:16:50,033 --> 00:16:53,957 ITS RESIDENTS. >> THE NATURAL DISASTER IN OUR 524 00:16:53,957 --> 00:16:55,825 >> THE NATURAL DISASTER IN OUR AREA IS NOT URRICANES OR 525 00:16:55,825 --> 00:16:56,693 AREA IS NOT URRICANES OR TORNADOES OR EARTHQUAKES. 526 00:16:56,693 --> 00:16:57,561 TORNADOES OR EARTHQUAKES. IT IS LYME DISEASE. 527 00:16:57,561 --> 00:17:00,198 IT IS LYME DISEASE. IT IS THE ONE PLAGUE THAT MIGHT 528 00:17:00,198 --> 00:17:00,660 IT IS THE ONE PLAGUE THAT MIGHT BE SEVERE ENOUGH THAT 529 00:17:00,660 --> 00:17:01,957 BE SEVERE ENOUGH THAT COMMUNITIES MIGHT WANT TO 530 00:17:01,957 --> 00:17:03,363 COMMUNITIES MIGHT WANT TO ENGINEER A WILD ORGANISM IN 531 00:17:03,363 --> 00:17:04,924 ENGINEER A WILD ORGANISM IN ORDER TO GET RID OF IT OR AT 532 00:17:04,924 --> 00:17:07,066 ORDER TO GET RID OF IT OR AT LEAST REDUCE THE LEVEL A LOT. 533 00:17:07,066 --> 00:17:07,594 LEAST REDUCE THE LEVEL A LOT. >> Reporter: DEEP IN THE 534 00:17:07,594 --> 00:17:11,429 >> Reporter: DEEP IN THE ISLAND’S BRUSH IN 2024, WE FOUND 535 00:17:11,429 --> 00:17:12,000 ISLAND’S BRUSH IN 2024, WE FOUND M.I.T. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, 536 00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:13,561 M.I.T. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, KEVIN ESVELT, A PIONEER IN 537 00:17:13,561 --> 00:17:16,660 KEVIN ESVELT, A PIONEER IN GENETIC ENGINEERING, WAVING A 538 00:17:16,660 --> 00:17:18,825 GENETIC ENGINEERING, WAVING A WHITE FLAG IN SEARCH OF TICKS. 539 00:17:18,825 --> 00:17:20,825 WHITE FLAG IN SEARCH OF TICKS. >> SO WE JUST GRAB IT. 540 00:17:20,825 --> 00:17:22,462 >> SO WE JUST GRAB IT. >> Reporter: THESE TINY VECTORS 541 00:17:22,462 --> 00:17:23,957 >> Reporter: THESE TINY VECTORS OF LYME DISEASE WERE NOT HARD TO 542 00:17:23,957 --> 00:17:24,165 OF LYME DISEASE WERE NOT HARD TO FIND. 543 00:17:24,165 --> 00:17:25,198 FIND. >> YOU JUST POP IT IN. 544 00:17:25,198 --> 00:17:26,330 >> YOU JUST POP IT IN. >> THESE ARE THE BIG ONES 545 00:17:26,330 --> 00:17:28,033 >> THESE ARE THE BIG ONES BECAUSE THESE ARE LARGELY 546 00:17:28,033 --> 00:17:28,693 BECAUSE THESE ARE LARGELY ADULTS. 547 00:17:28,693 --> 00:17:30,066 ADULTS. >> IF THE ADULTS ARE THIS SMALL, 548 00:17:30,066 --> 00:17:32,891 >> IF THE ADULTS ARE THIS SMALL, IMAGINE THE TINY, TINY -- WHAT 549 00:17:32,891 --> 00:17:34,066 IMAGINE THE TINY, TINY -- WHAT ARE THEY CALLED? 550 00:17:34,066 --> 00:17:34,165 ARE THEY CALLED? 551 00:17:34,165 --> 00:17:34,396 NYMPHS? 552 00:17:34,396 --> 00:17:36,066 NYMPHS? >> NYMPHS, YEAH. 553 00:17:36,066 --> 00:17:40,495 >> NYMPHS, YEAH. WE OFTEN THINK OF THEM POPPY 554 00:17:40,495 --> 00:17:40,792 WE OFTEN THINK OF THEM POPPY SEED-SIZED. 555 00:17:40,792 --> 00:17:42,033 SEED-SIZED. >> Reporter: THIS IS SAM 556 00:17:42,033 --> 00:17:43,297 >> Reporter: THIS IS SAM TELFORD, AN EPIDEMIOLOGIST WHO’S 557 00:17:43,297 --> 00:17:47,561 TELFORD, AN EPIDEMIOLOGIST WHO’S BEEN STUDYING TICKS ON NANTUCKET 558 00:17:48,924 --> 00:17:50,726 BEEN STUDYING TICKS ON NANTUCKET FOR THE LAST 41 YEARS. FOR THE LAST 41 YEARS. >> THERE’S A 50% CHANCE, MAYBE 559 00:17:48,924 --> 00:17:50,891 >> THERE’S A 50% CHANCE, MAYBE MORE THAT THIS IS ACTUALLY 560 00:17:50,891 --> 00:17:51,594 MORE THAT THIS IS ACTUALLY CARRYING LYME DISEASE. 561 00:17:51,594 --> 00:17:53,792 CARRYING LYME DISEASE. >> BUT YOU’RE NOT AFRAID BECAUSE 562 00:17:53,792 --> 00:17:54,231 >> BUT YOU’RE NOT AFRAID BECAUSE IT HAS TO BE -- 563 00:17:54,231 --> 00:17:55,297 IT HAS TO BE -- >> IT HAS TO BE ATTACHED. 564 00:17:55,297 --> 00:17:57,792 >> IT HAS TO BE ATTACHED. >> EMBEDDED AND ATTACHED -- 565 00:17:57,792 --> 00:17:59,066 >> EMBEDDED AND ATTACHED -- >> FOR MORE THAN 24 HOURS. 566 00:17:59,066 --> 00:18:01,297 >> FOR MORE THAN 24 HOURS. >> TO INFECT YOU. 567 00:18:01,297 --> 00:18:02,000 >> TO INFECT YOU. >> THAT’S CORRECT. 568 00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:03,858 >> THAT’S CORRECT. >> THESE GUYS WILL SWELL UP. 569 00:18:03,858 --> 00:18:04,825 >> THESE GUYS WILL SWELL UP. >> YEAH. 570 00:18:04,825 --> 00:18:06,660 >> YEAH. >> 50 TO 100 TIMES THAT SIZE 571 00:18:06,660 --> 00:18:08,066 >> 50 TO 100 TIMES THAT SIZE WITH BLOOD, YOU KNOW, IT BECOMES 572 00:18:08,066 --> 00:18:08,363 WITH BLOOD, YOU KNOW, IT BECOMES THAT BIG. 573 00:18:08,363 --> 00:18:09,825 THAT BIG. >> AND THAT’S HOW YOU KNOW WHEN 574 00:18:09,825 --> 00:18:11,033 >> AND THAT’S HOW YOU KNOW WHEN THEY’RE ENGORGED. 575 00:18:11,033 --> 00:18:11,594 THEY’RE ENGORGED. YOU KNOW THAT THEY HAVE BEEN 576 00:18:11,594 --> 00:18:12,264 YOU KNOW THAT THEY HAVE BEEN FEEDING ON YOU. 577 00:18:12,264 --> 00:18:14,066 FEEDING ON YOU. >> IF YOU SEE IT THAT BIG, THEN 578 00:18:14,066 --> 00:18:14,957 >> IF YOU SEE IT THAT BIG, THEN YOU’RE IN TROUBLE. 579 00:18:14,957 --> 00:18:16,561 YOU’RE IN TROUBLE. >> Reporter: THE SCIENTISTS 580 00:18:16,561 --> 00:18:18,264 >> Reporter: THE SCIENTISTS AREN’T HERE JUST TO COLLECT 581 00:18:18,264 --> 00:18:19,099 AREN’T HERE JUST TO COLLECT TICKS. 582 00:18:19,099 --> 00:18:21,033 TICKS. THEY’RE INTERESTED IN THIS 583 00:18:21,033 --> 00:18:21,528 THEY’RE INTERESTED IN THIS CRITTER -- 584 00:18:21,528 --> 00:18:23,495 CRITTER -- >> THIS IS A WILD MOUSE? 585 00:18:23,495 --> 00:18:26,099 >> THIS IS A WILD MOUSE? >> THIS IS A WILD WHITE-FOOTED 586 00:18:26,099 --> 00:18:26,330 >> THIS IS A WILD WHITE-FOOTED MOUSE. 587 00:18:26,330 --> 00:18:27,957 MOUSE. >> AND YOU’VE TAGGED IT? 588 00:18:27,957 --> 00:18:30,000 >> AND YOU’VE TAGGED IT? >> I’VE TAGGED IT SO WHEN I COME 589 00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:31,528 >> I’VE TAGGED IT SO WHEN I COME BACK IN APRIL OR MAY OF NEXT 590 00:18:31,528 --> 00:18:34,462 BACK IN APRIL OR MAY OF NEXT YEAR, WE GET AN IDEA OF WHAT 591 00:18:34,462 --> 00:18:35,198 YEAR, WE GET AN IDEA OF WHAT OVER-WINTERING SUCCESS IS. 592 00:18:35,198 --> 00:18:36,429 OVER-WINTERING SUCCESS IS. >> Reporter: THEIS TRACKING THE 593 00:18:36,429 --> 00:18:38,066 >> Reporter: THEIS TRACKING THE MOUSE POPULATION ON NANTUCKET AS 594 00:18:38,066 --> 00:18:39,528 MOUSE POPULATION ON NANTUCKET AS PART OF A NOVEL PROJECT. 595 00:18:39,528 --> 00:18:41,693 PART OF A NOVEL PROJECT. THE SCIENTISTS WANT TO USE 596 00:18:41,693 --> 00:18:43,858 THE SCIENTISTS WANT TO USE GENETIC ENGINEERING TO INTERRUPT 597 00:18:43,858 --> 00:18:44,495 GENETIC ENGINEERING TO INTERRUPT THE CYCLE OF INFECTION NECESSARY 598 00:18:44,495 --> 00:18:47,066 THE CYCLE OF INFECTION NECESSARY FOR LYME DISEASE TO FLOURISH. 599 00:18:47,066 --> 00:18:48,198 FOR LYME DISEASE TO FLOURISH. WHITE-FOOTED MICE ARE THE MAIN 600 00:18:48,198 --> 00:18:49,858 WHITE-FOOTED MICE ARE THE MAIN HOST OF LYME BACTERIA. 601 00:18:49,858 --> 00:18:52,264 HOST OF LYME BACTERIA. WHEN AN UNINFECTED TICK BITES AN 602 00:18:52,264 --> 00:18:55,396 WHEN AN UNINFECTED TICK BITES AN INFECTED MOUSE, THE BACTERIA 603 00:18:55,396 --> 00:18:56,000 INFECTED MOUSE, THE BACTERIA TRANSFERRED TO THE TICK. 604 00:18:56,000 --> 00:18:57,858 TRANSFERRED TO THE TICK. WHEN THAT INFECTED TICK THEN 605 00:18:57,858 --> 00:19:00,726 WHEN THAT INFECTED TICK THEN BITES AN UNINFECTED MOUSE, THE 606 00:19:00,726 --> 00:19:01,198 BITES AN UNINFECTED MOUSE, THE CYCLE CONTINUES. 607 00:19:01,198 --> 00:19:02,957 CYCLE CONTINUES. DEER DON’T GET INFECTED, BUT 608 00:19:02,957 --> 00:19:05,528 DEER DON’T GET INFECTED, BUT THEY HELP SPREAD THE DISEASE 609 00:19:05,528 --> 00:19:06,495 THEY HELP SPREAD THE DISEASE BECAUSE TICKS EMBED ON THEM TO 610 00:19:06,495 --> 00:19:09,198 BECAUSE TICKS EMBED ON THEM TO FEED, THEN REPRODUCE WITH A 611 00:19:09,198 --> 00:19:12,726 FEED, THEN REPRODUCE WITH A SINGLE FEMALE TICK LAYING AS 612 00:19:12,726 --> 00:19:14,264 SINGLE FEMALE TICK LAYING AS MANY AS 2,000 LEGS. 613 00:19:14,264 --> 00:19:16,957 MANY AS 2,000 LEGS. HERE’S ESVELT AND TELFORD’S 614 00:19:16,957 --> 00:19:19,924 HERE’S ESVELT AND TELFORD’S IDEA -- CHANGE THE GENETIC 615 00:19:19,924 --> 00:19:20,528 IDEA -- CHANGE THE GENETIC MAKEUP OF THE MICE SO THEY’RE 616 00:19:20,528 --> 00:19:21,825 MAKEUP OF THE MICE SO THEY’RE IMMUNE TO LYME. 617 00:19:21,825 --> 00:19:22,429 IMMUNE TO LYME. THAT WAY THE TICKS THAT BITE 618 00:19:22,429 --> 00:19:23,264 THAT WAY THE TICKS THAT BITE THEM WON’T GET INFECTED. 619 00:19:23,264 --> 00:19:24,825 THEM WON’T GET INFECTED. >> YOU DON’T HAVE TO KILL THE 620 00:19:24,825 --> 00:19:26,264 >> YOU DON’T HAVE TO KILL THE MOUSE IN ORDER TO INTERRUPT THE 621 00:19:26,264 --> 00:19:26,495 MOUSE IN ORDER TO INTERRUPT THE CYCLE. 622 00:19:26,495 --> 00:19:28,528 CYCLE. >> IT WOULD BE SO MUCH MORE 623 00:19:28,528 --> 00:19:29,297 >> IT WOULD BE SO MUCH MORE ECONOMICAL AND STRAIGHT FORWARD 624 00:19:29,297 --> 00:19:30,825 ECONOMICAL AND STRAIGHT FORWARD TO JUST GO OUT AND POISON ALL 625 00:19:30,825 --> 00:19:31,858 TO JUST GO OUT AND POISON ALL THE MICE, RIGHT? 626 00:19:31,858 --> 00:19:34,198 THE MICE, RIGHT? GET RID OF THE MICE, BUT THEN 627 00:19:34,198 --> 00:19:36,066 GET RID OF THE MICE, BUT THEN THERE’S A WHOLE FOOD CHAIN THAT 628 00:19:36,066 --> 00:19:37,792 THERE’S A WHOLE FOOD CHAIN THAT MIGHT DEPEND ON THESE MICE THAT 629 00:19:37,792 --> 00:19:38,957 MIGHT DEPEND ON THESE MICE THAT MIGHT BE IMPACTED. 630 00:19:38,957 --> 00:19:40,957 MIGHT BE IMPACTED. >> THE DREAM IS THAT WE CAN USE 631 00:19:40,957 --> 00:19:44,429 >> THE DREAM IS THAT WE CAN USE NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO ENSURE THAT 632 00:19:44,429 --> 00:19:46,198 NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO ENSURE THAT WILD CREATURES CAN LIVE IN 633 00:19:46,198 --> 00:19:48,726 WILD CREATURES CAN LIVE IN PEACE, PLAYING THEIR NORMAL, 634 00:19:48,726 --> 00:19:50,726 PEACE, PLAYING THEIR NORMAL, ECOLOGICAL ROLE, BUT WITHOUT 635 00:19:50,726 --> 00:19:52,924 ECOLOGICAL ROLE, BUT WITHOUT CAUSING DISEASE THAT MAKE PEOPLE 636 00:19:52,924 --> 00:19:54,330 CAUSING DISEASE THAT MAKE PEOPLE SUFFER. 637 00:19:54,330 --> 00:19:54,660 SUFFER. >> COME ON IN. 638 00:19:54,660 --> 00:19:56,198 >> COME ON IN. >> Reporter: IF ESVELT’S DREAM 639 00:19:56,198 --> 00:19:58,627 >> Reporter: IF ESVELT’S DREAM BECOMES A REALITY, 80-YEAR-OLD 640 00:19:58,627 --> 00:20:00,594 BECOMES A REALITY, 80-YEAR-OLD DR. TIMOTHY LEPORE MIGHT FINALLY 641 00:20:00,594 --> 00:20:02,165 DR. TIMOTHY LEPORE MIGHT FINALLY BE ABLE TO RETIRE. 642 00:20:02,165 --> 00:20:04,165 BE ABLE TO RETIRE. >> SO HOW DID YOU GET LYME 643 00:20:04,165 --> 00:20:08,264 >> SO HOW DID YOU GET LYME DISEASE, DO YOU THINK, WINNIE? 644 00:20:08,264 --> 00:20:10,066 DISEASE, DO YOU THINK, WINNIE? >> WELL, A TICK BIT YOU. 645 00:20:10,066 --> 00:20:12,297 >> WELL, A TICK BIT YOU. >> Reporter: OVER THE PAST 40 646 00:20:12,297 --> 00:20:13,891 >> Reporter: OVER THE PAST 40 YEARS, HE’S BEEN THE ISLAND’S 647 00:20:13,891 --> 00:20:15,627 YEARS, HE’S BEEN THE ISLAND’S EMERGENCY ROOM HEAD, SOLE 648 00:20:15,627 --> 00:20:18,924 EMERGENCY ROOM HEAD, SOLE SURGEON, EVEN ITS MEDICAL 649 00:20:18,924 --> 00:20:19,198 SURGEON, EVEN ITS MEDICAL EXAMINER. 650 00:20:19,198 --> 00:20:20,825 EXAMINER. TODAY, DR. LEPORE RUNS THE ONLY 651 00:20:20,825 --> 00:20:22,693 TODAY, DR. LEPORE RUNS THE ONLY PRIVATE PRACTICE ON NANTUCKET 652 00:20:22,693 --> 00:20:24,363 PRIVATE PRACTICE ON NANTUCKET WHERE HE TREATS DOZENS OF 653 00:20:24,363 --> 00:20:25,495 WHERE HE TREATS DOZENS OF PATIENTS WITH LYME DISEASE EACH 654 00:20:25,495 --> 00:20:26,000 PATIENTS WITH LYME DISEASE EACH YEAR. 655 00:20:26,000 --> 00:20:27,759 YEAR. >> FOLLOW MY FINGER. 656 00:20:27,759 --> 00:20:29,726 >> FOLLOW MY FINGER. >> Reporter: AND YES, THAT’S A 657 00:20:29,726 --> 00:20:31,858 >> Reporter: AND YES, THAT’S A GIANT TICK IN HIS WAITING ROOM. 658 00:20:31,858 --> 00:20:34,627 GIANT TICK IN HIS WAITING ROOM. >> BEING IN PRIVATE PRACTICE, IT 659 00:20:34,627 --> 00:20:38,000 >> BEING IN PRIVATE PRACTICE, IT IS WHILE NOT WELL PAID -- 660 00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:40,132 IS WHILE NOT WELL PAID -- >> YOU GET PAID IN, LIKE, WHAT? 661 00:20:40,132 --> 00:20:41,792 >> YOU GET PAID IN, LIKE, WHAT? CHICKENS AND DOUGHNUTS AND -- 662 00:20:41,792 --> 00:20:45,627 CHICKENS AND DOUGHNUTS AND -- >> WE PREFER LOBSTERS, ACTUALLY. 663 00:20:45,627 --> 00:20:45,924 >> WE PREFER LOBSTERS, ACTUALLY. >> LOBSTER. 664 00:20:45,924 --> 00:20:47,792 >> LOBSTER. >> LOBSTERS, CLAMS, AND 665 00:20:47,792 --> 00:20:48,066 >> LOBSTERS, CLAMS, AND SCALLOPS. 666 00:20:48,066 --> 00:20:49,528 SCALLOPS. >> BUT YOU’LL TAKE ANYTHING, 667 00:20:49,528 --> 00:20:49,726 >> BUT YOU’LL TAKE ANYTHING, RIGHT? 668 00:20:49,726 --> 00:20:51,330 RIGHT? >> I WILL TAKE ANYTHING. 669 00:20:51,330 --> 00:20:53,000 >> I WILL TAKE ANYTHING. COME ON DOWN, SHAUNA. 670 00:20:53,000 --> 00:20:53,957 COME ON DOWN, SHAUNA. >> Reporter: LYME DISEASE CAN BE 671 00:20:53,957 --> 00:20:56,231 >> Reporter: LYME DISEASE CAN BE TREATED WITH ANTIBIOTICS, BUT IF 672 00:20:56,231 --> 00:20:57,924 TREATED WITH ANTIBIOTICS, BUT IF LEFT UNTREATED, THE INFECTION 673 00:20:57,924 --> 00:20:59,561 LEFT UNTREATED, THE INFECTION CAN SPREAD TO THE HEART, JOINTS, 674 00:20:59,561 --> 00:21:02,924 CAN SPREAD TO THE HEART, JOINTS, AND NERVOUS SYSTEM AS IT DID FOR 675 00:21:02,924 --> 00:21:03,495 AND NERVOUS SYSTEM AS IT DID FOR 33-YEAR-OLD SHAUNA ASPLINT. 676 00:21:03,495 --> 00:21:05,330 33-YEAR-OLD SHAUNA ASPLINT. >> MY BODY HURTS ALL THE TIME. 677 00:21:05,330 --> 00:21:05,924 >> MY BODY HURTS ALL THE TIME. >> OKAY. 678 00:21:09,264 --> 00:21:10,165 >> OKAY. >> I DON’T KNOW IF THAT’S FROM >> I DON’T KNOW IF THAT’S FROM MY LYME DISEASE OR WHAT. 679 00:21:09,264 --> 00:21:13,231 MY LYME DISEASE OR WHAT. MY NECK IS STIFF. 680 00:21:13,231 --> 00:21:13,792 MY NECK IS STIFF. AN ANKLES ARE SORE, AND MY 681 00:21:13,792 --> 00:21:14,000 AN ANKLES ARE SORE, AND MY HIPS. 682 00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:14,825 HIPS. >> Reporter: ASPLINT WAS FIRST 683 00:21:14,825 --> 00:21:19,198 >> Reporter: ASPLINT WAS FIRST DIAGNOSED WITH LYME WHEN SHE WAS 684 00:21:19,198 --> 00:21:19,528 DIAGNOSED WITH LYME WHEN SHE WAS 10 YEARS OLD. 685 00:21:19,528 --> 00:21:20,165 10 YEARS OLD. A FEW YEARS LATER, THE LEFT SIDE 686 00:21:20,165 --> 00:21:21,792 A FEW YEARS LATER, THE LEFT SIDE OF HER FACE STOPPED MOVING, A 687 00:21:21,792 --> 00:21:23,363 OF HER FACE STOPPED MOVING, A RESIDUAL EFFECT FROM THE DISEASE 688 00:21:23,363 --> 00:21:25,396 RESIDUAL EFFECT FROM THE DISEASE STILL NOTICEABLE TODAY. 689 00:21:25,396 --> 00:21:26,792 STILL NOTICEABLE TODAY. >> LET’S SEE YOU SMILE. 690 00:21:26,792 --> 00:21:27,891 >> LET’S SEE YOU SMILE. >> IT’S STILL A LITTLE OFF. 691 00:21:27,891 --> 00:21:28,924 >> IT’S STILL A LITTLE OFF. >> YEAH, NO. 692 00:21:28,924 --> 00:21:32,165 >> YEAH, NO. >> I RAISE MY EYEBROWS, IT JUST 693 00:21:32,165 --> 00:21:32,693 >> I RAISE MY EYEBROWS, IT JUST DOESN’T MOVE. 694 00:21:32,693 --> 00:21:34,660 DOESN’T MOVE. >> WE SEE PEOPLE WITH FACIAL 695 00:21:34,660 --> 00:21:36,462 >> WE SEE PEOPLE WITH FACIAL PALSIES. 696 00:21:36,462 --> 00:21:39,297 PALSIES. WE SEE LITTLE KIDS WITH SWOLLEN 697 00:21:39,297 --> 00:21:39,528 WE SEE LITTLE KIDS WITH SWOLLEN KNEES. 698 00:21:39,528 --> 00:21:41,462 KNEES. WE SEE PEOPLE WITH LYME RASHES. 699 00:21:41,462 --> 00:21:43,924 WE SEE PEOPLE WITH LYME RASHES. SO IT ALTERS PEOPLE’S BEHAVIOR 700 00:21:43,924 --> 00:21:44,594 SO IT ALTERS PEOPLE’S BEHAVIOR AND ACTIVITIES. 701 00:21:44,594 --> 00:21:45,825 AND ACTIVITIES. >> Reporter: THE PROBLEM ON 702 00:21:45,825 --> 00:21:49,297 >> Reporter: THE PROBLEM ON NANTUCKET CAN BE TRACED BACK TO 703 00:21:49,297 --> 00:21:51,726 NANTUCKET CAN BE TRACED BACK TO 1926 WHEN LOCALS VOTED TO IMPORT 704 00:21:51,726 --> 00:21:52,594 1926 WHEN LOCALS VOTED TO IMPORT TWO FEMALE DEER TO THE ISLAND TO 705 00:21:52,594 --> 00:21:54,957 TWO FEMALE DEER TO THE ISLAND TO GIVE A LONE BUCK COMPANY. 706 00:21:54,957 --> 00:21:56,792 GIVE A LONE BUCK COMPANY. AS THE DEER POPULATIN GREW, SO 707 00:21:56,792 --> 00:21:58,462 AS THE DEER POPULATIN GREW, SO DID THE TICKS. 708 00:21:58,462 --> 00:22:01,726 DID THE TICKS. ON POP OF THAT, BY THE 1950s, 709 00:22:01,726 --> 00:22:03,924 ON POP OF THAT, BY THE 1950s, HALF THE LAND ON THE ISLAND WAS 710 00:22:03,924 --> 00:22:05,330 HALF THE LAND ON THE ISLAND WAS PUT INTO CONSERVATION. 711 00:22:05,330 --> 00:22:07,825 PUT INTO CONSERVATION. THE UNTAMED BRUSH AND WILD 712 00:22:07,825 --> 00:22:10,858 THE UNTAMED BRUSH AND WILD GRASSLANDS CREATE AN IDEAL 713 00:22:10,858 --> 00:22:13,000 GRASSLANDS CREATE AN IDEAL ECOSYSTEM FOR LYME’S HOST TO 714 00:22:13,000 --> 00:22:13,495 ECOSYSTEM FOR LYME’S HOST TO THRIVE. 715 00:22:13,495 --> 00:22:18,165 THRIVE. >> WE HAVE A PROBLEM WITH 716 00:22:18,165 --> 00:22:19,099 >> WE HAVE A PROBLEM WITH TICK-BORNE DISEASE BECAUSE WE 717 00:22:19,099 --> 00:22:19,693 TICK-BORNE DISEASE BECAUSE WE ENGINEERED THE ENVIRONMENT TO 718 00:22:19,693 --> 00:22:19,858 ENGINEERED THE ENVIRONMENT TO MAX 719 00:22:19,858 --> 00:22:22,759 MAX MAXIMIZE THE NUMBER OF TICKS AND 720 00:22:22,759 --> 00:22:25,396 MAXIMIZE THE NUMBER OF TICKS AND MAXIMIZE THE UMBER OF MICE THAT 721 00:22:25,396 --> 00:22:27,066 MAXIMIZE THE UMBER OF MICE THAT ARE BEST HOSTS TO LYME DISEASE. 722 00:22:27,066 --> 00:22:28,429 ARE BEST HOSTS TO LYME DISEASE. IT CAME BACK AND BIT US, 723 00:22:28,429 --> 00:22:29,462 IT CAME BACK AND BIT US, LITERALLY. 724 00:22:29,462 --> 00:22:31,627 LITERALLY. >> Reporter: THIS SPARKED 725 00:22:31,627 --> 00:22:33,627 >> Reporter: THIS SPARKED ESVELT’S LIFELONG OBSESSION WITH 726 00:22:33,627 --> 00:22:33,891 ESVELT’S LIFELONG OBSESSION WITH EVOLUTION. 727 00:22:33,891 --> 00:22:39,099 EVOLUTION. HE WAS THE FIRST TO PROPOSE THAT 728 00:22:39,099 --> 00:22:43,330 HE WAS THE FIRST TO PROPOSE THAT CRISPR COULD BE USED TO CHANGE A 729 00:22:43,330 --> 00:22:44,528 CRISPR COULD BE USED TO CHANGE A SPECIES’ GENETICS IN PERPETUITY, 730 00:22:44,528 --> 00:22:47,066 SPECIES’ GENETICS IN PERPETUITY, HACKING THE LAWS OF INHERITANCE. 731 00:22:47,066 --> 00:22:48,957 HACKING THE LAWS OF INHERITANCE. >> IT’S NOT LIKE WE WANT TO 732 00:22:48,957 --> 00:22:51,759 >> IT’S NOT LIKE WE WANT TO FITNESS IT VINTAGE. 733 00:22:51,759 --> 00:22:52,396 FITNESS IT VINTAGE. >> Reporter: THIS IDEA LED TO 734 00:22:52,396 --> 00:22:53,924 >> Reporter: THIS IDEA LED TO THE PROJECT THEY CALLED MICE 735 00:22:53,924 --> 00:22:56,198 THE PROJECT THEY CALLED MICE AGAINST TICKS AT M.I.T. 736 00:22:56,198 --> 00:22:58,627 AGAINST TICKS AT M.I.T. FOR THE LAST TEN YEARS, HE AND 737 00:22:58,627 --> 00:23:09,792 FOR THE LAST TEN YEARS, HE AND RESEARCHER JOANNA BUCHTHAL HAVE 738 00:23:09,792 --> 00:23:14,000 RESEARCHER JOANNA BUCHTHAL HAVE BEEN TRYING TO STUDY THIS EMBRYO 739 00:23:14,000 --> 00:23:15,066 BEEN TRYING TO STUDY THIS EMBRYO THAT HAS PROGRESSED INTO TWO 740 00:23:15,066 --> 00:23:15,297 THAT HAS PROGRESSED INTO TWO CELLS. 741 00:23:15,297 --> 00:23:16,297 CELLS. IS IT GOING TO BE IN ONE OF 742 00:23:16,297 --> 00:23:18,033 IS IT GOING TO BE IN ONE OF THOSE CELLS OR BOTH OF THEM? 743 00:23:19,957 --> 00:23:21,165 THOSE CELLS OR BOTH OF THEM? >> OUR TECHNIQUE INVOLVES >> OUR TECHNIQUE INVOLVES INJECTING BOTH CELLS TO MAXIMIZE 744 00:23:19,957 --> 00:23:22,495 INJECTING BOTH CELLS TO MAXIMIZE THE LIKELIHOOD THAT WE GET THE 745 00:23:22,495 --> 00:23:25,561 THE LIKELIHOOD THAT WE GET THE ANTIBODY GENE IN THEIR DNA. 746 00:23:25,561 --> 00:23:26,693 ANTIBODY GENE IN THEIR DNA. >> Reporter: BUCHTHAL AND 747 00:23:26,693 --> 00:23:28,627 >> Reporter: BUCHTHAL AND EMBRYOLOGIST ZACH HILL SHOWED US 748 00:23:28,627 --> 00:23:31,363 EMBRYOLOGIST ZACH HILL SHOWED US HOW THEY GENETICALLY ENGINEER 749 00:23:31,363 --> 00:23:31,660 HOW THEY GENETICALLY ENGINEER LAB MICE. 750 00:23:31,660 --> 00:23:33,759 LAB MICE. >> HE’S GOING TO INJECT THROUGH 751 00:23:33,759 --> 00:23:36,297 >> HE’S GOING TO INJECT THROUGH THE PLASMA MEMBRANE AND INTO THE 752 00:23:36,297 --> 00:23:39,000 THE PLASMA MEMBRANE AND INTO THE NUCLEUS FOR BOTH OF THESE CELLS. 753 00:23:39,000 --> 00:23:40,957 NUCLEUS FOR BOTH OF THESE CELLS. >> HOW ARE YOU AT DARTS? 754 00:23:40,957 --> 00:23:43,033 >> HOW ARE YOU AT DARTS? >> NOT VERY GOOD. 755 00:23:43,033 --> 00:23:43,759 >> NOT VERY GOOD. I’M BETTER AT THIS. 756 00:23:43,759 --> 00:23:44,660 I’M BETTER AT THIS. >> YOU’LL HIT THE CENTER OF 757 00:23:44,660 --> 00:23:44,858 >> YOU’LL HIT THE CENTER OF THIS. 758 00:23:44,858 --> 00:23:46,165 THIS. >> I’LL HIT THE CENTER OF THIS. 759 00:23:46,165 --> 00:23:47,693 >> I’LL HIT THE CENTER OF THIS. I HAVE IT SET UP ON THE DISH 760 00:23:47,693 --> 00:23:47,891 I HAVE IT SET UP ON THE DISH HERE. 761 00:23:47,891 --> 00:23:50,000 HERE. SO I’M TRYING TO FIND THE 762 00:23:50,000 --> 00:23:50,363 SO I’M TRYING TO FIND THE NUCLEUS HERE. 763 00:23:50,363 --> 00:23:52,066 NUCLEUS HERE. >> IT IS AMAZING TO SEE THIS. 764 00:23:52,066 --> 00:23:54,858 >> IT IS AMAZING TO SEE THIS. >> SO THAT LITTLE BURST THAT YOU 765 00:23:54,858 --> 00:24:00,132 >> SO THAT LITTLE BURST THAT YOU CAN SEE IN THE NUCLEUS IS WHEN 766 00:24:00,132 --> 00:24:01,132 CAN SEE IN THE NUCLEUS IS WHEN HE’S ACTUALLY INJECTING THE 767 00:24:01,132 --> 00:24:02,660 HE’S ACTUALLY INJECTING THE GENOME ENGINEERING TOOLS INTO 768 00:24:02,660 --> 00:24:04,495 GENOME ENGINEERING TOOLS INTO THE NUCLEUS WHERE THE DNA IS. 769 00:24:04,495 --> 00:24:06,132 THE NUCLEUS WHERE THE DNA IS. >> Reporter: THE INJECTION MIX 770 00:24:06,132 --> 00:24:09,792 >> Reporter: THE INJECTION MIX CONTAINS BOTH THE ANTIBODY GENE 771 00:24:09,792 --> 00:24:11,297 CONTAINS BOTH THE ANTIBODY GENE AND CRISPR WHEN ACTS LIKE 772 00:24:11,297 --> 00:24:13,132 AND CRISPR WHEN ACTS LIKE MOLECULAR SCISSORS. 773 00:24:13,132 --> 00:24:14,330 MOLECULAR SCISSORS. AFTER HE FINDS AND CUTS THE 774 00:24:14,330 --> 00:24:16,396 AFTER HE FINDS AND CUTS THE TARGETED DNA, THE CELL INSERTS 775 00:24:16,396 --> 00:24:17,660 TARGETED DNA, THE CELL INSERTS THE GENE INTO THE MOUSE’S 776 00:24:17,660 --> 00:24:18,000 THE GENE INTO THE MOUSE’S GENETIC CODE. 777 00:24:18,000 --> 00:24:19,660 GENETIC CODE. WHEN THIS MOUSE IS BORN, IT WILL 778 00:24:19,660 --> 00:24:22,957 WHEN THIS MOUSE IS BORN, IT WILL BE IMMUNE TO LYME DISEASE, AND 779 00:24:22,957 --> 00:24:23,660 BE IMMUNE TO LYME DISEASE, AND SO WILL ITS CHILDREN. 780 00:24:23,660 --> 00:24:26,528 SO WILL ITS CHILDREN. >> IF I GET A POLIO VACCINE, MY 781 00:24:26,528 --> 00:24:29,000 >> IF I GET A POLIO VACCINE, MY KIDS AREN’T GOING TO BE IMMUNE 782 00:24:29,000 --> 00:24:30,198 KIDS AREN’T GOING TO BE IMMUNE TO POLIO UNLESS THEY GET THE 783 00:24:30,198 --> 00:24:30,594 TO POLIO UNLESS THEY GET THE VACCINE TOO. 784 00:24:30,594 --> 00:24:32,759 VACCINE TOO. >> THAT’S EXACTLY RIGHT. 785 00:24:32,759 --> 00:24:36,231 >> THAT’S EXACTLY RIGHT. SO THIS IS A HERITABLE 786 00:24:36,231 --> 00:24:36,561 SO THIS IS A HERITABLE IMMUNIZATION. 787 00:24:36,561 --> 00:24:37,132 IMMUNIZATION. >> WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THAT? 788 00:24:37,132 --> 00:24:37,924 >> WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THAT? >> WHAT WE’RE ACTUALLY DOING IS 789 00:24:37,924 --> 00:24:41,132 >> WHAT WE’RE ACTUALLY DOING IS ENCODING IMMUNITY SO THAT IMMUM 790 00:24:41,132 --> 00:24:43,297 ENCODING IMMUNITY SO THAT IMMUM TIN IS PASSED ON GENERATIONALLY, 791 00:24:43,297 --> 00:24:45,198 TIN IS PASSED ON GENERATIONALLY, AND EVERY MOUSE THAT GETS THE 792 00:24:45,198 --> 00:24:48,495 AND EVERY MOUSE THAT GETS THE ANTIBODY GENE IS ACTUALLY 793 00:24:48,495 --> 00:24:49,033 ANTIBODY GENE IS ACTUALLY IMMUNE. 794 00:24:49,033 --> 00:24:50,165 IMMUNE. >> TYPICAL STANDARD EVOLUTION 795 00:24:50,165 --> 00:24:51,759 >> TYPICAL STANDARD EVOLUTION HAPPENED VERY SLOWLY, OVER 796 00:24:51,759 --> 00:24:52,429 HAPPENED VERY SLOWLY, OVER THOUSANDS, MAYBE MILLIONS OF 797 00:24:52,429 --> 00:24:52,627 THOUSANDS, MAYBE MILLIONS OF YEARS. 798 00:24:52,627 --> 00:24:55,726 YEARS. ARE YOU SPEEDING UP EVOLUTION 799 00:24:55,726 --> 00:24:56,132 ARE YOU SPEEDING UP EVOLUTION HERE? 800 00:24:56,132 --> 00:24:57,759 HERE? >> WE ARE ABSOLUTELY SPEEDING UP 801 00:24:57,759 --> 00:24:59,594 >> WE ARE ABSOLUTELY SPEEDING UP EVOLUTION, AND THAT’S PRECISELY 802 00:24:59,594 --> 00:25:02,066 EVOLUTION, AND THAT’S PRECISELY WHY WE HAVE TO BE CAREFUL 803 00:25:02,066 --> 00:25:04,792 WHY WE HAVE TO BE CAREFUL BECAUSE WE ARE DOING THINGS THAT 804 00:25:04,792 --> 00:25:05,297 BECAUSE WE ARE DOING THINGS THAT COULDN’T HAPPEN NATURALLY. 805 00:25:05,297 --> 00:25:06,792 COULDN’T HAPPEN NATURALLY. >> Reporter: THE PLAN IS TO 806 00:25:06,792 --> 00:25:09,528 >> Reporter: THE PLAN IS TO RELEASE THOUSANDS OF ENGINEERED 807 00:25:09,528 --> 00:25:11,099 RELEASE THOUSANDS OF ENGINEERED MICE ON NANTUCKET OVER TIME, 808 00:25:11,099 --> 00:25:12,132 MICE ON NANTUCKET OVER TIME, STARTING DURING THE WINTER 809 00:25:12,132 --> 00:25:14,132 STARTING DURING THE WINTER MONTHS WHEN THE NATIVE MOUSE 810 00:25:14,132 --> 00:25:16,726 MONTHS WHEN THE NATIVE MOUSE POPULATION IS LOW, BUT FIRST, 811 00:25:16,726 --> 00:25:22,924 POPULATION IS LOW, BUT FIRST, ESVELT NEEDS COMMUNITY BUY-IN. 812 00:25:22,924 --> 00:25:24,924 ESVELT NEEDS COMMUNITY BUY-IN. >> All: THE UNITED STATES OF 813 00:25:24,924 --> 00:25:25,198 >> All: THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 814 00:25:25,198 --> 00:25:26,264 AMERICA. >> Reporter: HE CHOSE NANTUCKET 815 00:25:26,264 --> 00:25:28,363 >> Reporter: HE CHOSE NANTUCKET NOT ONLY FOR ITS HIGH RATE OF 816 00:25:28,363 --> 00:25:30,891 NOT ONLY FOR ITS HIGH RATE OF LYME, BUT ALSO FOR ITS 817 00:25:30,891 --> 00:25:32,363 LYME, BUT ALSO FOR ITS TIGHT-KNIT, WELL-EDUCATED 818 00:25:32,363 --> 00:25:33,264 TIGHT-KNIT, WELL-EDUCATED COMMUNITY WITH A TRADITION OF 819 00:25:33,264 --> 00:25:33,924 COMMUNITY WITH A TRADITION OF TOWN HALL DEMOCRACY. 820 00:25:33,924 --> 00:25:35,858 TOWN HALL DEMOCRACY. >> I AM GOING TO CALL THE 821 00:25:35,858 --> 00:25:37,231 >> I AM GOING TO CALL THE OCTOBER 23rd SELECT BOARD 822 00:25:37,231 --> 00:25:38,726 OCTOBER 23rd SELECT BOARD MEETING TO ORDER AT 5:30 P.M. 823 00:25:38,726 --> 00:25:41,000 MEETING TO ORDER AT 5:30 P.M. >> WE ALSO NEED TO START SMALL. 824 00:25:41,000 --> 00:25:42,396 >> WE ALSO NEED TO START SMALL. >> Reporter: WE SAW THIS IN 825 00:25:42,396 --> 00:25:44,231 >> Reporter: WE SAW THIS IN ACTION IN OCTOBER, 2024 WHEN FOR 826 00:25:44,231 --> 00:25:46,198 ACTION IN OCTOBER, 2024 WHEN FOR THE TENTH TIME, THE SCIENTISTS 827 00:25:46,198 --> 00:25:47,396 THE TENTH TIME, THE SCIENTISTS PRESENTED THEIR LATEST FINDINGS 828 00:25:47,396 --> 00:25:47,891 PRESENTED THEIR LATEST FINDINGS TO LOCALS. 829 00:25:47,891 --> 00:25:51,792 TO LOCALS. >> SO IT APPEARS THAT WE HAVE 830 00:25:51,792 --> 00:25:57,297 >> SO IT APPEARS THAT WE HAVE INDEED PRODUCED THE FIRST 831 00:25:57,297 --> 00:26:00,165 INDEED PRODUCED THE FIRST HERITABLY INDUCED CYCLE. 832 00:26:00,165 --> 00:26:01,264 HERITABLY INDUCED CYCLE. >> Reporter: THEN A Q&A. 833 00:26:01,264 --> 00:26:02,594 >> Reporter: THEN A Q&A. >> WE HAVE A HUGE POPULATION OF 834 00:26:02,594 --> 00:26:03,429 >> WE HAVE A HUGE POPULATION OF FIELD MICE HERE. 835 00:26:05,858 --> 00:26:06,561 FIELD MICE HERE. SHALL WE EXPECT A LARGER SHALL WE EXPECT A LARGER POPULATION? 836 00:26:05,858 --> 00:26:07,627 POPULATION? >> HAVING HAD LYME DISEASE 837 00:26:07,627 --> 00:26:11,264 >> HAVING HAD LYME DISEASE TWICE, I THOUGHT, WHAT A COOL 838 00:26:11,264 --> 00:26:13,330 TWICE, I THOUGHT, WHAT A COOL IDEA, BUT MICE ARE KIND OF THE 839 00:26:13,330 --> 00:26:14,957 IDEA, BUT MICE ARE KIND OF THE FOUNDATION OF THE FOOD CHAIN. 840 00:26:14,957 --> 00:26:16,759 FOUNDATION OF THE FOOD CHAIN. SO TINKERING WITH THE FOOD CHAIN 841 00:26:16,759 --> 00:26:19,660 SO TINKERING WITH THE FOOD CHAIN MAKES ME A LITTLE CAUTIOUS. 842 00:26:19,660 --> 00:26:21,792 MAKES ME A LITTLE CAUTIOUS. >> HOW LONG BEFORE IT’S ACTUALLY 843 00:26:21,792 --> 00:26:22,726 >> HOW LONG BEFORE IT’S ACTUALLY GOING TO TAKE EFFECT AND KEEP ME 844 00:26:22,726 --> 00:26:25,858 GOING TO TAKE EFFECT AND KEEP ME FROM GETTING LYME DISEASE? 845 00:26:25,858 --> 00:26:26,429 FROM GETTING LYME DISEASE? >> THAT’S A GREAT QUESTION. 846 00:26:26,429 --> 00:26:27,594 >> THAT’S A GREAT QUESTION. >> WHEN YOU’RE IN THESE 847 00:26:27,594 --> 00:26:28,957 >> WHEN YOU’RE IN THESE MEETINGS, WHAT’S THAT BEEN LIKE? 848 00:26:28,957 --> 00:26:30,627 MEETINGS, WHAT’S THAT BEEN LIKE? >> SOME PEOPLE ARE REALLY GUNG 849 00:26:30,627 --> 00:26:31,792 >> SOME PEOPLE ARE REALLY GUNG HO ABOUT THIS. 850 00:26:31,792 --> 00:26:33,891 HO ABOUT THIS. SOME PEOPLE HAVE DEEP 851 00:26:33,891 --> 00:26:35,132 SOME PEOPLE HAVE DEEP RESERVATIONS, BUT WHAT I’VE 852 00:26:35,132 --> 00:26:37,528 RESERVATIONS, BUT WHAT I’VE FOUND HEARTENING ABOUT THIS IN 853 00:26:37,528 --> 00:26:38,726 FOUND HEARTENING ABOUT THIS IN NANTUCKET IN PARTICULAR, IS THAT 854 00:26:38,726 --> 00:26:41,957 NANTUCKET IN PARTICULAR, IS THAT PRETTY MUCH EVERYONE AGREES THAT 855 00:26:41,957 --> 00:26:44,660 PRETTY MUCH EVERYONE AGREES THAT THIS IS HOW WE SHOULD GO ABOUT 856 00:26:44,660 --> 00:26:46,957 THIS IS HOW WE SHOULD GO ABOUT DEVELOPING THESE KINDS OF 857 00:26:46,957 --> 00:26:47,627 DEVELOPING THESE KINDS OF TECHNOLOGIES, THAT IT SHOULD NOT 858 00:26:47,627 --> 00:26:48,891 TECHNOLOGIES, THAT IT SHOULD NOT JUST BE SCIENTISTS IN THEIR 859 00:26:48,891 --> 00:26:50,132 JUST BE SCIENTISTS IN THEIR LABORATORIES, GET A CLEVER IDEA, 860 00:26:50,132 --> 00:26:52,099 LABORATORIES, GET A CLEVER IDEA, AND THEN BOOM IT’S THERE. 861 00:26:52,099 --> 00:26:54,759 AND THEN BOOM IT’S THERE. >> Reporter: DR. TIMOTHY LEPORE 862 00:26:54,759 --> 00:26:57,627 >> Reporter: DR. TIMOTHY LEPORE SAYS HE’S SUPPORTIVE OF THE 863 00:26:57,627 --> 00:27:00,264 SAYS HE’S SUPPORTIVE OF THE PROPOSAL, BUT AS AN AVID 864 00:27:00,264 --> 00:27:00,561 PROPOSAL, BUT AS AN AVID FALCONER, HE WANTS MORE TESTING 865 00:27:00,561 --> 00:27:02,891 FALCONER, HE WANTS MORE TESTING TO BE DONE TO ENSURE THERE WON’T 866 00:27:02,891 --> 00:27:04,858 TO BE DONE TO ENSURE THERE WON’T BE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES TO 867 00:27:04,858 --> 00:27:09,000 BE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES TO THE ISLAND’S ECOSYSTEM. 868 00:27:09,000 --> 00:27:09,891 THE ISLAND’S ECOSYSTEM. >> COULD A CHANGE IN THE FIELD 869 00:27:09,891 --> 00:27:11,231 >> COULD A CHANGE IN THE FIELD MOUSE LEAD TO A CHANGE IN THE 870 00:27:11,231 --> 00:27:11,462 MOUSE LEAD TO A CHANGE IN THE HAWK? 871 00:27:11,462 --> 00:27:12,429 HAWK? >> THAT’S THE QUESTION. 872 00:27:12,429 --> 00:27:17,132 >> THAT’S THE QUESTION. I DON’T THINK SO, BUT WE -- 873 00:27:17,132 --> 00:27:17,528 I DON’T THINK SO, BUT WE -- >> WE DON’T KNOW. 874 00:27:17,528 --> 00:27:18,165 >> WE DON’T KNOW. >> I THINK THAT HAS TO BE SHOWN. 875 00:27:18,165 --> 00:27:18,759 >> I THINK THAT HAS TO BE SHOWN. >> DO YOU WORRY ABOUT FOOLING 876 00:27:18,759 --> 00:27:20,231 >> DO YOU WORRY ABOUT FOOLING AROUND WITH MOTHER NATURE? 877 00:27:20,231 --> 00:27:20,726 AROUND WITH MOTHER NATURE? >> ABSOLUTELY, BUT ON THE OTHER 878 00:27:20,726 --> 00:27:24,297 >> ABSOLUTELY, BUT ON THE OTHER HAND, I’M NOT TERRIBLY FOND OF 879 00:27:24,297 --> 00:27:25,066 HAND, I’M NOT TERRIBLY FOND OF MOTHER NATURE IF SHE’S GOING TO 880 00:27:25,066 --> 00:27:26,066 MOTHER NATURE IF SHE’S GOING TO GIVE MY KIDS DISEASE. 881 00:27:26,066 --> 00:27:28,132 GIVE MY KIDS DISEASE. ALL OF TECHNOLOGY IS SAYING TO 882 00:27:28,132 --> 00:27:29,264 ALL OF TECHNOLOGY IS SAYING TO MOTHER NATURE, YOU’RE BEAUTIFUL 883 00:27:29,264 --> 00:27:30,594 MOTHER NATURE, YOU’RE BEAUTIFUL AND WE APPRECIATE YOU VERY MUCH, 884 00:27:30,594 --> 00:27:33,297 AND WE APPRECIATE YOU VERY MUCH, AND WE NEED TO CONSERVE YOU, BUT 885 00:27:33,297 --> 00:27:35,066 AND WE NEED TO CONSERVE YOU, BUT WE’RE NOT ALWAYS HAPPY WITH THE 886 00:27:35,066 --> 00:27:37,198 WE’RE NOT ALWAYS HAPPY WITH THE WAY THINGS WORK NATURALLY, AND 887 00:27:37,198 --> 00:27:40,924 WAY THINGS WORK NATURALLY, AND SO WE’RE GOING TO CHANGE IT. 888 00:27:40,924 --> 00:27:41,627 SO WE’RE GOING TO CHANGE IT. >> BUT IN THIS CASE, YOU’RE 889 00:27:41,627 --> 00:27:42,462 >> BUT IN THIS CASE, YOU’RE CHANGING THE ENVIRONMENT FOR 890 00:27:42,462 --> 00:27:42,726 CHANGING THE ENVIRONMENT FOR EVERYBODY. 891 00:27:42,726 --> 00:27:45,792 EVERYBODY. >> THIS IS, I AGREE, DIFFERENT, 892 00:27:45,792 --> 00:27:47,495 >> THIS IS, I AGREE, DIFFERENT, BECAUSE IT’S HARD FOR 893 00:27:47,495 --> 00:27:48,363 BECAUSE IT’S HARD FOR INDIVIDUALS TO OPT OUT, AND I 894 00:27:48,363 --> 00:27:51,066 INDIVIDUALS TO OPT OUT, AND I THINK THAT MEANS WE NEED TO DO 895 00:27:51,066 --> 00:27:51,693 THINK THAT MEANS WE NEED TO DO THE SCIENCE DIFFERENTLY BECAUSE 896 00:27:51,693 --> 00:27:54,198 THE SCIENCE DIFFERENTLY BECAUSE WE NEED TO ENSURE THAT PEOPLE 897 00:27:54,198 --> 00:27:55,759 WE NEED TO ENSURE THAT PEOPLE HAVE A VOICE EARLY ENOUGH TO 898 00:27:55,759 --> 00:27:58,561 HAVE A VOICE EARLY ENOUGH TO ACTUALLY INFLUENCE THE DIRECTION 899 00:27:58,561 --> 00:27:59,594 ACTUALLY INFLUENCE THE DIRECTION THAT THE TECHNOLOGY HAS 900 00:27:59,594 --> 00:27:59,891 THAT THE TECHNOLOGY HAS DEVELOPED. 901 00:27:59,891 --> 00:28:02,165 DEVELOPED. >> Reporter: IF FEDERAL AND 902 00:28:02,165 --> 00:28:03,858 >> Reporter: IF FEDERAL AND STATE REGULATORS AGREE, THE TEAM 903 00:28:03,858 --> 00:28:05,528 STATE REGULATORS AGREE, THE TEAM PLANS TO FIRST RELEASE THE 904 00:28:05,528 --> 00:28:06,891 PLANS TO FIRST RELEASE THE ENGINEERED MICE IN A SMALL FIELD 905 00:28:06,891 --> 00:28:08,462 ENGINEERED MICE IN A SMALL FIELD TRIAL ON A PRIVATE ISLAND SO 906 00:28:08,462 --> 00:28:09,792 TRIAL ON A PRIVATE ISLAND SO THEY CAN BETTER UNDERSTAND THE 907 00:28:09,792 --> 00:28:12,330 THEY CAN BETTER UNDERSTAND THE ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS BEFORE ANY 908 00:28:12,330 --> 00:28:14,858 ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS BEFORE ANY POTENTIAL EXPERIMENTS ON 909 00:28:14,858 --> 00:28:15,132 POTENTIAL EXPERIMENTS ON NANTUCKET. 910 00:28:15,132 --> 00:28:16,429 NANTUCKET. WHAT IS THE HOME RUN FOR YOU? 911 00:28:16,429 --> 00:28:18,033 WHAT IS THE HOME RUN FOR YOU? >> I THINK IT’S A FIELD TRIAL 912 00:28:18,033 --> 00:28:18,825 >> I THINK IT’S A FIELD TRIAL THAT WORKS. 913 00:28:18,825 --> 00:28:21,594 THAT WORKS. IT’S SOMETHING THAT ALLOWS US TO 914 00:28:21,594 --> 00:28:22,561 IT’S SOMETHING THAT ALLOWS US TO DRAMATICALLY REDUCE THE -- THE 915 00:28:25,660 --> 00:28:26,594 DRAMATICALLY REDUCE THE -- THE FRACTION OF TICKS THAT ARE FRACTION OF TICKS THAT ARE INFECTED. 916 00:28:25,660 --> 00:28:26,957 INFECTED. IT DOESN’T HAVE ANYTHING 917 00:28:26,957 --> 00:28:28,297 IT DOESN’T HAVE ANYTHING OBVIOUSLY GO WRONG WITH THE 918 00:28:28,297 --> 00:28:29,792 OBVIOUSLY GO WRONG WITH THE ECOSYSTEM, AND THEN THE 919 00:28:29,792 --> 00:28:31,396 ECOSYSTEM, AND THEN THE COMMUNITY HAS A GOOD DISCUSSION, 920 00:28:31,396 --> 00:28:32,099 COMMUNITY HAS A GOOD DISCUSSION, AND THEN THEY DECIDE, AND I 921 00:28:32,099 --> 00:28:33,825 AND THEN THEY DECIDE, AND I THINK THERE IS BENEFITS AS WE 922 00:28:33,825 --> 00:28:35,726 THINK THERE IS BENEFITS AS WE DISCUSSED, EVEN IF THEY SAY NO, 923 00:28:35,726 --> 00:28:36,198 DISCUSSED, EVEN IF THEY SAY NO, AND THEN WE WALK AWAY. 924 00:28:36,198 --> 00:28:38,066 AND THEN WE WALK AWAY. [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] 925 00:28:46,297 --> 00:28:48,264 [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] 926 00:28:48,264 --> 00:28:50,066 [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] >>> IT’S A FAIRLY SAFE BET THAT 927 00:28:50,066 --> 00:28:52,792 >>> IT’S A FAIRLY SAFE BET THAT MOST KIDS TAKING PIANO LESSONS 928 00:28:52,792 --> 00:28:54,495 MOST KIDS TAKING PIANO LESSONS DON’T LIKE THEM. 929 00:28:54,495 --> 00:28:55,066 DON’T LIKE THEM. THAT WAS CERTAINLY MY 930 00:28:55,066 --> 00:28:56,594 THAT WAS CERTAINLY MY EXPERIENCE. 931 00:28:56,594 --> 00:28:58,165 EXPERIENCE. I TOOK PIANO FROM AGE 5 TO 12 932 00:28:58,165 --> 00:29:00,429 I TOOK PIANO FROM AGE 5 TO 12 BEFORE QUITTING IN FRUSTRATION. 933 00:29:00,429 --> 00:29:02,297 BEFORE QUITTING IN FRUSTRATION. THE SCALES AND SHEET MUSIC AND 934 00:29:02,297 --> 00:29:04,330 THE SCALES AND SHEET MUSIC AND STRICT TEACHER JUST GOT THE BEST 935 00:29:04,330 --> 00:29:06,528 STRICT TEACHER JUST GOT THE BEST OF ME. 936 00:29:06,528 --> 00:29:09,033 OF ME. NOW ALONG COMES A PIANO TEACHER 937 00:29:09,033 --> 00:29:11,627 NOW ALONG COMES A PIANO TEACHER NAMED PAYAM KHASTKHODAEI, THE 938 00:29:11,627 --> 00:29:12,792 NAMED PAYAM KHASTKHODAEI, THE 32-YEAR-OLD SON AFTER AN IRANIAN 939 00:29:12,792 --> 00:29:13,198 32-YEAR-OLD SON AFTER AN IRANIAN IMMIGRANT. 940 00:29:13,198 --> 00:29:14,297 IMMIGRANT. HE SAYS HE’S COME UP WITH A NEW 941 00:29:14,297 --> 00:29:15,726 HE SAYS HE’S COME UP WITH A NEW METHOD OF TEACHING THAT HAS 942 00:29:15,726 --> 00:29:17,429 METHOD OF TEACHING THAT HAS STUDENTS LOVING THEIR PIANO 943 00:29:17,429 --> 00:29:18,561 STUDENTS LOVING THEIR PIANO LESSONS. 944 00:29:18,561 --> 00:29:20,825 LESSONS. WHAT MAKES THIS NEAR UNKNOWN 945 00:29:20,825 --> 00:29:22,330 WHAT MAKES THIS NEAR UNKNOWN WORTH A "60 MINUTES" STORY? 946 00:29:22,330 --> 00:29:28,165 WORTH A "60 MINUTES" STORY? WELL, HIS STUDENTS ARE SWEEPING 947 00:29:28,165 --> 00:29:28,561 WELL, HIS STUDENTS ARE SWEEPING COMPETITIONS. 948 00:29:28,561 --> 00:29:32,000 COMPETITIONS. HE’S WON OVER A LEGENDARY TECH 949 00:29:32,000 --> 00:29:34,759 HE’S WON OVER A LEGENDARY TECH INNOVATOR, AND AN OSCAR-WINNING 950 00:29:34,759 --> 00:29:35,033 INNOVATOR, AND AN OSCAR-WINNING COMPOSER. 951 00:29:35,033 --> 00:29:36,000 COMPOSER. THEY’LL TELL YOU WHY HE’S JOINED 952 00:29:36,000 --> 00:29:38,528 THEY’LL TELL YOU WHY HE’S JOINED THIS REVOLUTION, BUT WE THINK 953 00:29:38,528 --> 00:29:40,099 THIS REVOLUTION, BUT WE THINK YOU OUGHT TO HEAR FROM PAYAM 954 00:29:40,099 --> 00:29:40,330 YOU OUGHT TO HEAR FROM PAYAM FIRST. 955 00:29:40,330 --> 00:29:44,297 FIRST. >> PEA YAN IANO IS NOT SUPPOSED 956 00:29:44,297 --> 00:29:46,297 >> PEA YAN IANO IS NOT SUPPOSED FUN. 957 00:29:46,297 --> 00:29:47,297 FUN. IT’S SUPPOSED TO BE STRESSFUL. 958 00:29:47,297 --> 00:29:49,396 IT’S SUPPOSED TO BE STRESSFUL. THE SUPPOSED TO BE STRICT. 959 00:29:49,396 --> 00:29:50,066 THE SUPPOSED TO BE STRICT. IT’S SUPPOSED TO BE THIS INTENSE 960 00:29:50,066 --> 00:29:51,132 IT’S SUPPOSED TO BE THIS INTENSE INSTRUMENT YOU’RE PLAYING. 961 00:29:51,132 --> 00:29:51,561 INSTRUMENT YOU’RE PLAYING. WE’RE, LIKE, WHY? 962 00:29:51,561 --> 00:29:52,363 WE’RE, LIKE, WHY? WHY CAN’T IT BE FUN? 963 00:29:52,363 --> 00:30:04,627 WHY CAN’T IT BE FUN? ♪ 964 00:30:04,627 --> 00:30:05,429 ♪ WHY CAN’T WE ACTUALLY ENJOY THE 965 00:30:05,429 --> 00:30:06,363 WHY CAN’T WE ACTUALLY ENJOY THE SONGS WE’RE LEARNING? 966 00:30:06,363 --> 00:30:13,396 SONGS WE’RE LEARNING? ♪ 967 00:30:13,396 --> 00:30:14,198 ♪ OUR STUDENTS DON’T JUST LEARN 968 00:30:14,198 --> 00:30:14,726 OUR STUDENTS DON’T JUST LEARN PIANO. 969 00:30:14,726 --> 00:30:16,396 PIANO. THEY LOVE PIANO, AND THAT’S ONE 970 00:30:16,396 --> 00:30:17,264 THEY LOVE PIANO, AND THAT’S ONE OF THE BIGGEST KEYS TO IT. 971 00:30:17,264 --> 00:30:18,957 OF THE BIGGEST KEYS TO IT. CAN YOU PLAY A LITTLE BIT FOR ME 972 00:30:18,957 --> 00:30:19,264 CAN YOU PLAY A LITTLE BIT FOR ME RIGHT THERE? 973 00:30:19,264 --> 00:30:19,792 RIGHT THERE? SAME SPOT. 974 00:30:19,792 --> 00:30:22,231 SAME SPOT. ♪ 975 00:30:22,231 --> 00:30:23,495 ♪ NOW CAN YOU PLAY A LITTLE GAME? 976 00:30:23,495 --> 00:30:25,627 NOW CAN YOU PLAY A LITTLE GAME? CAN YOU SHOW US HOW YOU CAN PLAY 977 00:30:25,627 --> 00:30:26,066 CAN YOU SHOW US HOW YOU CAN PLAY WITHOUT LOOKING? 978 00:30:26,066 --> 00:30:26,759 WITHOUT LOOKING? DO YOU WANT TO LOOK UP? 979 00:30:26,759 --> 00:30:27,462 DO YOU WANT TO LOOK UP? YEAH P LET’S LOOK UP AND PLAY. 980 00:30:27,462 --> 00:30:31,231 YEAH P LET’S LOOK UP AND PLAY. ♪ 981 00:30:31,231 --> 00:30:32,528 ♪ >> Reporter: IN NEARLY EVERY 982 00:30:32,528 --> 00:30:34,528 >> Reporter: IN NEARLY EVERY ROOM OF A CONVERTED HOME IN THE 983 00:30:34,528 --> 00:30:37,033 ROOM OF A CONVERTED HOME IN THE SEATTLE SUBURB OF BOTHELL, 984 00:30:37,033 --> 00:30:38,462 SEATTLE SUBURB OF BOTHELL, WASHINGTON, PAYAM AND HIS TEAM 985 00:30:38,462 --> 00:30:42,462 WASHINGTON, PAYAM AND HIS TEAM OF YOUNG TEACHERS ALL FORMER 986 00:30:42,462 --> 00:30:43,462 OF YOUNG TEACHERS ALL FORMER STUDENTS OF HIS, ARE GIVING 987 00:30:43,462 --> 00:30:45,066 STUDENTS OF HIS, ARE GIVING PIANO LESSONS AND HAVING FUN. 988 00:30:45,066 --> 00:30:47,198 PIANO LESSONS AND HAVING FUN. >> THAT WAS REALLY GOOD. 989 00:30:47,198 --> 00:30:50,099 >> THAT WAS REALLY GOOD. ♪ 990 00:30:50,099 --> 00:30:51,066 ♪ >> Reporter: STUDENTS ARE 991 00:30:51,066 --> 00:30:54,264 >> Reporter: STUDENTS ARE CHARGED BETWEEN $75 AND $100 PER 992 00:30:54,264 --> 00:30:54,495 CHARGED BETWEEN $75 AND $100 PER LESSON. 993 00:30:54,495 --> 00:30:56,000 LESSON. >> START OVER HERE. 994 00:30:56,000 --> 00:30:58,231 >> START OVER HERE. >> Reporter: AND RANGE FROM 995 00:30:58,231 --> 00:31:00,165 >> Reporter: AND RANGE FROM PRESCHOOL BEGINNERS TO TOOL 996 00:31:00,165 --> 00:31:01,231 PRESCHOOL BEGINNERS TO TOOL TALENTS. 997 00:31:01,231 --> 00:31:09,627 TALENTS. ♪ 998 00:31:09,627 --> 00:31:10,627 ♪ [ APPLAUSE ] 999 00:31:10,627 --> 00:31:11,297 [ APPLAUSE ] >> WOW. 1000 00:31:11,297 --> 00:31:13,165 >> WOW. >> AMAZING. 1001 00:31:13,165 --> 00:31:13,759 >> AMAZING. >> WOW. 1002 00:31:13,759 --> 00:31:14,627 >> WOW. HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN 1003 00:31:14,627 --> 00:31:16,594 HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN PRACTICING THAT? 1004 00:31:16,594 --> 00:31:19,099 PRACTICING THAT? >> I THINK FOR FOUR-ISH WEEKS 1005 00:31:19,099 --> 00:31:19,792 >> I THINK FOR FOUR-ISH WEEKS MAYBE? 1006 00:31:19,792 --> 00:31:23,528 MAYBE? >> FOUR WEEKS? 1007 00:31:23,528 --> 00:31:25,363 >> FOUR WEEKS? >> IN PIANO, WE HAVE THIS THING 1008 00:31:25,363 --> 00:31:26,726 >> IN PIANO, WE HAVE THIS THING CALLED THE DIPLOMA WHICH IS KIND 1009 00:31:26,726 --> 00:31:28,858 CALLED THE DIPLOMA WHICH IS KIND OF LIKE THE BLACK BELT OF THE 1010 00:31:28,858 --> 00:31:29,759 OF LIKE THE BLACK BELT OF THE MUSIC WORLD. 1011 00:31:29,759 --> 00:31:31,693 MUSIC WORLD. TRADITIONALLY ABOUT 1% TO 2% OF 1012 00:31:31,693 --> 00:31:33,000 TRADITIONALLY ABOUT 1% TO 2% OF STUDENT REACH THE DIPLOMA LEVEL 1013 00:31:33,000 --> 00:31:35,198 STUDENT REACH THE DIPLOMA LEVEL AND IT TAKES THEM ABOUT 12 1014 00:31:35,198 --> 00:31:37,165 AND IT TAKES THEM ABOUT 12 YEARS. 1015 00:31:37,165 --> 00:31:37,792 YEARS. IN OUR SCHOOL, 96% REACHED IT 1016 00:31:37,792 --> 00:31:38,891 IN OUR SCHOOL, 96% REACHED IT AND IT TAKES THEM ABOUT FOUR 1017 00:31:38,891 --> 00:31:39,132 AND IT TAKES THEM ABOUT FOUR YEARS. 1018 00:31:39,132 --> 00:31:40,726 YEARS. >> I CAN HEAR THE TRADITIONALIST 1019 00:31:40,726 --> 00:31:43,231 >> I CAN HEAR THE TRADITIONALIST SAYING, HOLD ON A MINUTE. 1020 00:31:43,231 --> 00:31:44,429 SAYING, HOLD ON A MINUTE. IT CAN’T BE THAT EASY. 1021 00:31:44,429 --> 00:31:46,231 IT CAN’T BE THAT EASY. IT CAN’T BE THAT FUN. 1022 00:31:46,231 --> 00:31:49,264 IT CAN’T BE THAT FUN. I MEAN, IN ORDER TO BE A REALLY 1023 00:31:49,264 --> 00:31:51,660 I MEAN, IN ORDER TO BE A REALLY GOOD PIANIST -- 1024 00:31:51,660 --> 00:31:52,033 GOOD PIANIST -- >> MM-HMM. 1025 00:31:52,033 --> 00:31:53,132 >> MM-HMM. >> -- YOU’VE GOT TO HAVE 1026 00:31:53,132 --> 00:31:53,561 >> -- YOU’VE GOT TO HAVE DISCIPLINE. 1027 00:31:53,561 --> 00:31:54,165 DISCIPLINE. >> YES. 1028 00:31:54,165 --> 00:31:55,759 >> YES. >> YOU’VE GOT TO HAVE HARD WORK. 1029 00:31:55,759 --> 00:31:56,660 >> YOU’VE GOT TO HAVE HARD WORK. YOU’VE GOT TO HAVE RIGOR. 1030 00:31:56,660 --> 00:31:57,462 YOU’VE GOT TO HAVE RIGOR. ARE THEY WRONG? 1031 00:31:57,462 --> 00:31:58,528 ARE THEY WRONG? >> I AGREE AND DISAGREE. 1032 00:31:58,528 --> 00:32:00,660 >> I AGREE AND DISAGREE. OF COURSE, NOBODY WILL BECOME 1033 00:32:00,660 --> 00:32:01,495 OF COURSE, NOBODY WILL BECOME PHENOMENAL AT ANYTHING UNLESS 1034 00:32:01,495 --> 00:32:03,033 PHENOMENAL AT ANYTHING UNLESS THEY ACTUALLY PUT IN THE TIME 1035 00:32:03,033 --> 00:32:03,330 THEY ACTUALLY PUT IN THE TIME AND ENERGY. 1036 00:32:03,330 --> 00:32:05,693 AND ENERGY. ♪ 1037 00:32:05,693 --> 00:32:07,660 ♪ BUT WHEN YOU ACTUALLY ENJOY WHAT 1038 00:32:07,660 --> 00:32:09,528 BUT WHEN YOU ACTUALLY ENJOY WHAT YOU’RE DOING, YOU DON’T REALIZE 1039 00:32:09,528 --> 00:32:10,396 YOU’RE DOING, YOU DON’T REALIZE THAT YOU’RE PUTTING IN THE 1040 00:32:10,396 --> 00:32:10,594 THAT YOU’RE PUTTING IN THE TIME 1041 00:32:10,594 --> 00:32:10,858 TIME FOR THAT. 1042 00:32:10,858 --> 00:32:11,858 FOR THAT. >> SO YOU LOVE IT FIRST. 1043 00:32:11,858 --> 00:32:13,264 >> SO YOU LOVE IT FIRST. >> THEY LOVE IT FIRST. 1044 00:32:13,264 --> 00:32:14,561 >> THEY LOVE IT FIRST. IF YOU LEARN ONE, THREE, FIVE, 1045 00:32:14,561 --> 00:32:16,231 IF YOU LEARN ONE, THREE, FIVE, AND IF YOU LEARN THAT’S JUST 1046 00:32:16,231 --> 00:32:20,033 AND IF YOU LEARN THAT’S JUST THIS -- ♪ 1047 00:32:20,033 --> 00:32:20,693 THIS -- ♪ >> Reporter: THE PAYAM METHOD 1048 00:32:20,693 --> 00:32:21,957 >> Reporter: THE PAYAM METHOD BEGINS NOT WITH SHEET MUSIC, BUT 1049 00:32:21,957 --> 00:32:24,858 BEGINS NOT WITH SHEET MUSIC, BUT WITH ABCs AND 123s AND WITH 1050 00:32:24,858 --> 00:32:27,297 WITH ABCs AND 123s AND WITH ACTUALLY WRITING NUMBERS ON 1051 00:32:27,297 --> 00:32:27,792 ACTUALLY WRITING NUMBERS ON PIANO KEYS. 1052 00:32:27,792 --> 00:32:29,660 PIANO KEYS. >> THIS IS A SONG I WOULD TEACH 1053 00:32:29,660 --> 00:32:32,033 >> THIS IS A SONG I WOULD TEACH MY 3-YEAR-OLD STUDENT THAT WOULD 1054 00:32:32,033 --> 00:32:33,198 MY 3-YEAR-OLD STUDENT THAT WOULD COME INTO CLASS ONE DAY AND WE 1055 00:32:33,198 --> 00:32:35,132 COME INTO CLASS ONE DAY AND WE UNDERSTAND THIS IS ONE, THIS IS 1056 00:32:35,132 --> 00:32:35,429 UNDERSTAND THIS IS ONE, THIS IS FIVE. 1057 00:32:35,429 --> 00:32:36,495 FIVE. THEY’RE NOT READING NOTES. 1058 00:32:36,495 --> 00:32:37,561 THEY’RE NOT READING NOTES. THEY’RE NOT EVEN SOMETIMES 1059 00:32:37,561 --> 00:32:38,363 THEY’RE NOT EVEN SOMETIMES LOOKING AT SHEET MUSIC. 1060 00:32:38,363 --> 00:32:40,264 LOOKING AT SHEET MUSIC. WE’RE PLAYING A GAME, AND IT’S 1061 00:32:40,264 --> 00:32:41,660 WE’RE PLAYING A GAME, AND IT’S FUN FOR THEM BECAUSE THEY’LL GO, 1062 00:32:41,660 --> 00:32:44,165 FUN FOR THEM BECAUSE THEY’LL GO, ONE, TWO, THREE. 1063 00:32:44,165 --> 00:32:46,528 ONE, TWO, THREE. AND THEN I’LL SAY, GOOD JOB. 1064 00:32:46,528 --> 00:32:48,759 AND THEN I’LL SAY, GOOD JOB. LET’S GO ONE, ONE, TWO FIVE, AND 1065 00:32:48,759 --> 00:32:51,891 LET’S GO ONE, ONE, TWO FIVE, AND THEY’LL THINK AND GO -- ♪ 1066 00:32:51,891 --> 00:32:52,495 THEY’LL THINK AND GO -- ♪ AND WHAT THEY’RE DOING IS 1067 00:32:52,495 --> 00:32:53,099 AND WHAT THEY’RE DOING IS BUILDING THIS COORDINATION. 1068 00:32:53,099 --> 00:32:54,462 BUILDING THIS COORDINATION. >> Reporter: AND USING TOOLS 1069 00:32:54,462 --> 00:32:56,198 >> Reporter: AND USING TOOLS THEY ALREADY KNOW, NUMBERS AND 1070 00:32:56,198 --> 00:32:58,198 THEY ALREADY KNOW, NUMBERS AND LETTERS, TO LEARN A NEW 1071 00:32:58,198 --> 00:33:00,099 LETTERS, TO LEARN A NEW LANGUAGE, THE LANGUAGE OF MUSIC. 1072 00:33:00,099 --> 00:33:02,066 LANGUAGE, THE LANGUAGE OF MUSIC. >> FOR EXAMPLE, I REALLY WANT TO 1073 00:33:02,066 --> 00:33:03,165 >> FOR EXAMPLE, I REALLY WANT TO LEARN CHINESE. 1074 00:33:03,165 --> 00:33:04,231 LEARN CHINESE. IF SOMEBODY PUT A BOOK IN FRONT 1075 00:33:04,231 --> 00:33:06,363 IF SOMEBODY PUT A BOOK IN FRONT OF ME THAT WAS IN CHINESE, MY 1076 00:33:06,363 --> 00:33:07,165 OF ME THAT WAS IN CHINESE, MY BRAIN WOULD JUST -- 1077 00:33:07,165 --> 00:33:08,099 BRAIN WOULD JUST -- >> LOCK UP. 1078 00:33:08,099 --> 00:33:08,825 >> LOCK UP. >> EXACTLY. 1079 00:33:08,825 --> 00:33:10,000 >> EXACTLY. I HAVE NO IDEA WHAT I’M DOING, 1080 00:33:10,000 --> 00:33:12,363 I HAVE NO IDEA WHAT I’M DOING, BUT IF THEY TAUGHT ME USING A 1081 00:33:12,363 --> 00:33:14,726 BUT IF THEY TAUGHT ME USING A LANGUAGE I KNOW, WHICH IS ABCs 1082 00:33:14,726 --> 00:33:17,528 LANGUAGE I KNOW, WHICH IS ABCs I WOULD BE, LIKE, OH. 1083 00:33:17,528 --> 00:33:18,561 I WOULD BE, LIKE, OH. I LEARNED IT AND THEN I’ JUST 1084 00:33:18,561 --> 00:33:18,924 I LEARNED IT AND THEN I’ JUST MAPPING IT OUT. 1085 00:33:18,924 --> 00:33:22,462 MAPPING IT OUT. ♪ 1086 00:33:22,462 --> 00:33:23,825 ♪ >> Reporter: AND JUST AS 1087 00:33:23,825 --> 00:33:25,462 >> Reporter: AND JUST AS STUDENTS OF CHINESE EVENTUALLY 1088 00:33:25,462 --> 00:33:30,660 STUDENTS OF CHINESE EVENTUALLY LEARN CHINESE CHARACTERS PAYAM’S 1089 00:33:30,660 --> 00:33:31,264 LEARN CHINESE CHARACTERS PAYAM’S STUDENTS DO SHIFT TO SHEET 1090 00:33:31,264 --> 00:33:31,462 STUDENTS DO SHIFT TO SHEET MUSIC. 1091 00:33:31,462 --> 00:33:35,561 MUSIC. ♪ 1092 00:33:35,561 --> 00:33:37,198 ♪ AS THEY MOVE THROUGH THE 18 1093 00:33:37,198 --> 00:33:39,891 AS THEY MOVE THROUGH THE 18 LEVELS OF HIS CURRICULUM. 1094 00:33:39,891 --> 00:33:43,231 LEVELS OF HIS CURRICULUM. HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO GO FROM 1095 00:33:43,231 --> 00:33:43,825 HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO GO FROM THIS TO THIS? 1096 00:33:43,825 --> 00:33:45,165 THIS TO THIS? >> THIS IS OUR LEVEL 2. 1097 00:33:45,165 --> 00:33:46,429 >> THIS IS OUR LEVEL 2. THIS IS OUR LEVEL 13. 1098 00:33:46,429 --> 00:33:47,297 THIS IS OUR LEVEL 13. THIS WOULD TAKE ABOUT A YEAR AND 1099 00:33:47,297 --> 00:33:49,660 THIS WOULD TAKE ABOUT A YEAR AND A HALF TO TWO YEARS FOR 1100 00:33:49,660 --> 00:33:50,957 A HALF TO TWO YEARS FOR STUDENTS, AND DURING ALL THAT 1101 00:33:50,957 --> 00:33:52,264 STUDENTS, AND DURING ALL THAT TIME, YOU’RE LEARNING SONGS THAT 1102 00:33:52,264 --> 00:33:54,462 TIME, YOU’RE LEARNING SONGS THAT YOU ACTUALLY ENJOY. 1103 00:33:54,462 --> 00:33:55,891 YOU ACTUALLY ENJOY. >> THE OPERATIVE WORD IN MUSIC 1104 00:33:55,891 --> 00:33:59,165 >> THE OPERATIVE WORD IN MUSIC IS AFTER ALL, PLAY. 1105 00:33:59,165 --> 00:34:00,264 IS AFTER ALL, PLAY. SO BE PLAYFUL. 1106 00:34:00,264 --> 00:34:04,000 SO BE PLAYFUL. ♪ 1107 00:34:04,000 --> 00:34:05,066 ♪ >> Reporter: HANS ZIMMER HAS 1108 00:34:05,066 --> 00:34:07,198 >> Reporter: HANS ZIMMER HAS WRITTEN THE MUSICAL SCORES FOR 1109 00:34:07,198 --> 00:34:11,330 WRITTEN THE MUSICAL SCORES FOR MORE THAN 150 FILMS. 1110 00:34:11,330 --> 00:34:13,825 MORE THAN 150 FILMS. HE’S BEEN NOMINATED FOR 12 1111 00:34:13,825 --> 00:34:15,198 HE’S BEEN NOMINATED FOR 12 OSCARS AND WON TWO, INCLUDING 1112 00:34:15,198 --> 00:34:15,759 OSCARS AND WON TWO, INCLUDING FOR HIS SCORE FOR "THE LION 1113 00:34:15,759 --> 00:34:17,957 FOR HIS SCORE FOR "THE LION KING." 1114 00:34:17,957 --> 00:34:20,495 KING." BUT BEFORE HE WAS A RENOWNED 1115 00:34:20,495 --> 00:34:22,528 BUT BEFORE HE WAS A RENOWNED COMPOSER AND PERFORMER, HE WAS A 1116 00:34:22,528 --> 00:34:25,396 COMPOSER AND PERFORMER, HE WAS A FRUSTRATED MUSIC STUDENT. 1117 00:34:25,396 --> 00:34:28,825 FRUSTRATED MUSIC STUDENT. YOU HAD AN UNCONVENTIONAL MUSIC 1118 00:34:28,825 --> 00:34:29,198 YOU HAD AN UNCONVENTIONAL MUSIC EDUCATION. 1119 00:34:29,198 --> 00:34:30,132 EDUCATION. >> I HAD AN UNCONVENTIONAL 1120 00:34:30,132 --> 00:34:32,396 >> I HAD AN UNCONVENTIONAL EDUCATION TO SAY THE LEAST. 1121 00:34:32,396 --> 00:34:34,165 EDUCATION TO SAY THE LEAST. EIGHT SCHOOLS ASKED ME TO LEAVE. 1122 00:34:34,165 --> 00:34:39,726 EIGHT SCHOOLS ASKED ME TO LEAVE. I LEFT WITH PLEASURE. 1123 00:34:39,726 --> 00:34:41,726 I LEFT WITH PLEASURE. >> IS THAT THE PLAYFULNESS, THE 1124 00:34:41,726 --> 00:34:44,297 >> IS THAT THE PLAYFULNESS, THE UNCONVENTIONALITY OF THE 1125 00:34:44,297 --> 00:34:47,396 UNCONVENTIONALITY OF THE EDUCATION, IS THAT WHAT DREW YOU 1126 00:34:47,396 --> 00:34:48,066 EDUCATION, IS THAT WHAT DREW YOU TO PAYAM AND HIS METHOD? 1127 00:34:48,066 --> 00:34:49,693 TO PAYAM AND HIS METHOD? >> YES, ABSOLUTELY. 1128 00:34:49,693 --> 00:34:52,693 >> YES, ABSOLUTELY. I MEAN, YOU KNOW, IT’S EXACTLY 1129 00:34:52,693 --> 00:34:53,297 I MEAN, YOU KNOW, IT’S EXACTLY WHAT I WISH I COULD HAVE HAD. 1130 00:34:53,297 --> 00:34:54,660 WHAT I WISH I COULD HAVE HAD. >> Reporter: MOST OF PAYAM’S 1131 00:34:54,660 --> 00:34:57,066 >> Reporter: MOST OF PAYAM’S STUDENTS DON’T ASPIRE TO BE 1132 00:34:57,066 --> 00:34:58,297 STUDENTS DON’T ASPIRE TO BE CONCERT PIANISTS. 1133 00:34:58,297 --> 00:35:00,033 CONCERT PIANISTS. ♪ 1134 00:35:00,033 --> 00:35:02,099 ♪ >> Reporter: AND HIS PLAYFUL 1135 00:35:02,099 --> 00:35:03,495 >> Reporter: AND HIS PLAYFUL APPROACH SEEMS TO HAVE THEM 1136 00:35:03,495 --> 00:35:05,891 APPROACH SEEMS TO HAVE THEM LOVING THEIR LESSONS, BUT WHAT 1137 00:35:05,891 --> 00:35:07,495 LOVING THEIR LESSONS, BUT WHAT REALLY SETS THEM APART IS THAT 1138 00:35:07,495 --> 00:35:09,693 REALLY SETS THEM APART IS THAT HE’S ALSO TEACHING THEM TO 1139 00:35:09,693 --> 00:35:11,825 HE’S ALSO TEACHING THEM TO COMPOSE THEIR OWN ORIGINAL SONGS 1140 00:35:11,825 --> 00:35:13,924 COMPOSE THEIR OWN ORIGINAL SONGS AT VERY YOUNG AGES. 1141 00:35:13,924 --> 00:35:14,231 AT VERY YOUNG AGES. DELARA IS JUST 12. 1142 00:35:14,231 --> 00:35:18,759 DELARA IS JUST 12. ♪ 1143 00:35:18,759 --> 00:35:20,132 ♪ >> THIS IS YOUR THIRD 1144 00:35:20,132 --> 00:35:21,594 >> THIS IS YOUR THIRD COMPOSITION YOU’VE WRITTEN? 1145 00:35:21,594 --> 00:35:22,165 COMPOSITION YOU’VE WRITTEN? >> YEAH. 1146 00:35:22,165 --> 00:35:23,264 >> YEAH. >> THIS IS YOUR COMPOSITION? 1147 00:35:23,264 --> 00:35:23,792 >> THIS IS YOUR COMPOSITION? >> YEAH. 1148 00:35:23,792 --> 00:35:26,858 >> YEAH. >> OH, THAT’S EXCELLENT. 1149 00:35:26,858 --> 00:35:28,891 >> OH, THAT’S EXCELLENT. ♪ 1150 00:35:28,891 --> 00:35:29,231 ♪ >> Reporter: PAYAM WROTE THIS, 1151 00:35:29,231 --> 00:35:30,858 >> Reporter: PAYAM WROTE THIS, HIS FIRST ORIGINAL SONG, WHEN HE 1152 00:35:30,858 --> 00:35:33,099 HIS FIRST ORIGINAL SONG, WHEN HE WAS 9 YEARS OLD AS A GIFT FOR 1153 00:35:33,099 --> 00:35:34,297 WAS 9 YEARS OLD AS A GIFT FOR HIS NEWBORN SISTER. 1154 00:35:34,297 --> 00:35:38,066 HIS NEWBORN SISTER. ♪ 1155 00:35:38,066 --> 00:35:39,825 ♪ AT AGE 11, HE ENTERED A 1156 00:35:39,825 --> 00:35:40,891 AT AGE 11, HE ENTERED A DIFFERENT ORIGINAL COMPOSITION 1157 00:35:40,891 --> 00:35:43,066 DIFFERENT ORIGINAL COMPOSITION INTO AN ARTS COMPETITION 1158 00:35:43,066 --> 00:35:49,957 INTO AN ARTS COMPETITION SPONSORED BY THE NATIONAL PTA. 1159 00:35:49,957 --> 00:35:51,726 SPONSORED BY THE NATIONAL PTA. >> THE FIRST COMPETITION COMP 1160 00:35:51,726 --> 00:35:57,000 >> THE FIRST COMPETITION COMP EDITION I ENTERED WAS THE PTA 1161 00:35:57,000 --> 00:35:57,891 EDITION I ENTERED WAS THE PTA EDITION, AND I WON. 1162 00:35:57,891 --> 00:36:00,627 EDITION, AND I WON. >> AND YOU HAVE STUDENTS NOW? 1163 00:36:00,627 --> 00:36:00,858 >> AND YOU HAVE STUDENTS NOW? >> YES. 1164 00:36:00,858 --> 00:36:01,693 >> YES. >> WHO PERFORM AND WRITE FOR 1165 00:36:01,693 --> 00:36:02,660 >> WHO PERFORM AND WRITE FOR THIS VERY SAME COMPETITION? 1166 00:36:02,660 --> 00:36:02,957 THIS VERY SAME COMPETITION? >> EXACTLY. 1167 00:36:02,957 --> 00:36:04,429 >> EXACTLY. >> HOW HAVE THEY DONE? 1168 00:36:04,429 --> 00:36:06,924 >> HOW HAVE THEY DONE? >> FE NO, PHENOMENAL. 1169 00:36:06,924 --> 00:36:08,429 >> FE NO, PHENOMENAL. THE BEST I EVER DID WAS WIN 1170 00:36:08,429 --> 00:36:11,330 THE BEST I EVER DID WAS WIN SECOND PLACE AT STATE, AND I 1171 00:36:11,330 --> 00:36:11,924 SECOND PLACE AT STATE, AND I THOUGHT THAT WAS THE BIGGEST 1172 00:36:11,924 --> 00:36:13,363 THOUGHT THAT WAS THE BIGGEST ACHIEVEMENT IN THE WORLD. 1173 00:36:13,363 --> 00:36:16,066 ACHIEVEMENT IN THE WORLD. IN 2024, WE SUBMITTED 41 OF OUR 1174 00:36:16,066 --> 00:36:16,627 IN 2024, WE SUBMITTED 41 OF OUR STUDENTS TO COMPETE IN THE 1175 00:36:16,627 --> 00:36:18,528 STUDENTS TO COMPETE IN THE REFLECTIONS COMPETITION. 1176 00:36:18,528 --> 00:36:19,594 REFLECTIONS COMPETITION. THERE WAS 300,000 NATIONWIDE. 1177 00:36:19,594 --> 00:36:26,066 THERE WAS 300,000 NATIONWIDE. SO WE MADE UP A VERY, VERY SMALL 1178 00:36:27,396 --> 00:36:28,957 SO WE MADE UP A VERY, VERY SMALL PORTION OF THEM, UT WE WON 13 PORTION OF THEM, UT WE WON 13 OUT OF 15 DISTRICT WINNERS. 1179 00:36:27,396 --> 00:36:30,198 OUT OF 15 DISTRICT WINNERS. WE WON 5 OUT OF 5 WASHINGTON 1180 00:36:30,198 --> 00:36:32,330 WE WON 5 OUT OF 5 WASHINGTON STATE FIRST PLACE WINNERS, AND 1181 00:36:32,330 --> 00:36:33,891 STATE FIRST PLACE WINNERS, AND THEN THOSE FIVE STUDENTS WENT ON 1182 00:36:33,891 --> 00:36:35,957 THEN THOSE FIVE STUDENTS WENT ON TO COMPETE NATIONALLY, AND FOUR 1183 00:36:35,957 --> 00:36:37,726 TO COMPETE NATIONALLY, AND FOUR OF THEM WON 4 OF THE 14 NATIONAL 1184 00:36:37,726 --> 00:36:39,858 OF THEM WON 4 OF THE 14 NATIONAL MEDALS THAT WERE AWARDED. 1185 00:36:39,858 --> 00:36:41,396 MEDALS THAT WERE AWARDED. >> WOW. 1186 00:36:41,396 --> 00:36:42,462 >> WOW. ♪ 1187 00:36:42,462 --> 00:36:44,198 ♪ >> PLAY IT FROM -- 1188 00:36:44,198 --> 00:36:46,165 >> PLAY IT FROM -- ♪ 1189 00:36:46,165 --> 00:36:46,858 ♪ >> Reporter: EVEN WHEN THEY’RE 1190 00:36:46,858 --> 00:36:47,396 >> Reporter: EVEN WHEN THEY’RE LEARNING OTHER PEOPLE’S 1191 00:36:47,396 --> 00:36:48,396 LEARNING OTHER PEOPLE’S COMPOSITIONS, PAYAM’S STUDENTS 1192 00:36:48,396 --> 00:36:50,759 COMPOSITIONS, PAYAM’S STUDENTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO PLAY AROUND 1193 00:36:50,759 --> 00:36:56,000 ARE ENCOURAGED TO PLAY AROUND WITH TELL TOE AND STYLE -- TEMPO 1194 00:36:56,000 --> 00:36:56,957 WITH TELL TOE AND STYLE -- TEMPO STYLE AND MOOD. 1195 00:36:56,957 --> 00:37:00,264 STYLE AND MOOD. >> THAT IS NOT HOW I LEARNED 1196 00:37:00,264 --> 00:37:00,594 >> THAT IS NOT HOW I LEARNED PIANO AT ALL. 1197 00:37:00,594 --> 00:37:03,495 PIANO AT ALL. >> THAT IS NOT HOW I LEARNED IT 1198 00:37:03,495 --> 00:37:03,726 >> THAT IS NOT HOW I LEARNED IT EITHER. 1199 00:37:03,726 --> 00:37:04,363 EITHER. >> THERE’S A CERTAIN WAY TO DO 1200 00:37:04,363 --> 00:37:05,231 >> THERE’S A CERTAIN WAY TO DO IT AND YOU BETTER DO IT THAT 1201 00:37:05,231 --> 00:37:05,660 IT AND YOU BETTER DO IT THAT WAY. 1202 00:37:05,660 --> 00:37:05,957 WAY. >> EXACTLY. 1203 00:37:05,957 --> 00:37:06,660 >> EXACTLY. THAT’S WHAT WE’RE TRYING TO 1204 00:37:06,660 --> 00:37:09,264 THAT’S WHAT WE’RE TRYING TO CHANGE ABOUT THE MUSICAL WORLD. 1205 00:37:09,264 --> 00:37:11,033 CHANGE ABOUT THE MUSICAL WORLD. >> ON DAY ONE, I SAID I WANT TO 1206 00:37:11,033 --> 00:37:13,033 >> ON DAY ONE, I SAID I WANT TO HELP SCALE THIS THING. 1207 00:37:13,033 --> 00:37:14,396 HELP SCALE THIS THING. >> Reporter: HADI PARTOVI MET 1208 00:37:14,396 --> 00:37:18,165 >> Reporter: HADI PARTOVI MET PAYAM WHEN HIS 12-YEAR-OLD SON, 1209 00:37:18,165 --> 00:37:20,924 PAYAM WHEN HIS 12-YEAR-OLD SON, DARIUS, ENROLLED IN PEA YAN KNOW 1210 00:37:20,924 --> 00:37:21,231 DARIUS, ENROLLED IN PEA YAN KNOW LESSONS. 1211 00:37:21,231 --> 00:37:22,891 LESSONS. HE’S THE CO-FOUNDER AND CEO OF 1212 00:37:22,891 --> 00:37:24,627 HE’S THE CO-FOUNDER AND CEO OF CODE.ORG, A NONPROFIT THAT HAS A 1213 00:37:24,627 --> 00:37:26,825 CODE.ORG, A NONPROFIT THAT HAS A FREE ONLINE PLATFORM THAT 1214 00:37:26,825 --> 00:37:27,858 FREE ONLINE PLATFORM THAT MILLIONS OF TEACHERS HAVE USED 1215 00:37:27,858 --> 00:37:29,528 MILLIONS OF TEACHERS HAVE USED TO TEACH THE BASICS OF COMPUTER 1216 00:37:29,528 --> 00:37:31,924 TO TEACH THE BASICS OF COMPUTER CODING TO HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS 1217 00:37:31,924 --> 00:37:33,066 CODING TO HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF KIDS. 1218 00:37:33,066 --> 00:37:34,528 OF KIDS. >> THERE’S A LOT OF PARALLELS 1219 00:37:34,528 --> 00:37:36,132 >> THERE’S A LOT OF PARALLELS BETWEEN PAYAM MUSIC AND 1220 00:37:36,132 --> 00:37:36,528 BETWEEN PAYAM MUSIC AND CODE.ORG. 1221 00:37:36,528 --> 00:37:38,528 CODE.ORG. ONE IS WE DON’T TEACH CODING 1222 00:37:38,528 --> 00:37:40,297 ONE IS WE DON’T TEACH CODING WITH ONES AND ZEROS OR, YOU 1223 00:37:42,396 --> 00:37:43,297 WITH ONES AND ZEROS OR, YOU KNOW, ANGLE BRACKETS AND KNOW, ANGLE BRACKETS AND SEMICOLONS. 1224 00:37:42,396 --> 00:37:43,792 SEMICOLONS. WE TEACH IT WITH BLOCKS AND 1225 00:37:43,792 --> 00:37:45,132 WE TEACH IT WITH BLOCKS AND DRAGGING AND DROPPING TO MAKE IT 1226 00:37:45,132 --> 00:37:45,825 DRAGGING AND DROPPING TO MAKE IT EASIER. 1227 00:37:45,825 --> 00:37:47,693 EASIER. SIMILARLY, PAYAM MUSIC TEACHES 1228 00:37:47,693 --> 00:37:50,330 SIMILARLY, PAYAM MUSIC TEACHES MUSIC STARTING WITH ABCs AND 1229 00:37:50,330 --> 00:37:51,099 MUSIC STARTING WITH ABCs AND 123s BEFORE YOU LEARN THE CODE 1230 00:37:51,099 --> 00:37:54,627 123s BEFORE YOU LEARN THE CODE OF HOW MUSIC IS WRITTEN. 1231 00:37:54,627 --> 00:37:58,297 OF HOW MUSIC IS WRITTEN. ♪ 1232 00:37:58,297 --> 00:38:00,693 ♪ >> Reporter: SO HADI PARTOVI IS 1233 00:38:00,693 --> 00:38:01,363 >> Reporter: SO HADI PARTOVI IS NOW CEO OF PAYAM MUSIC, WITH THE 1234 00:38:01,363 --> 00:38:02,660 NOW CEO OF PAYAM MUSIC, WITH THE GOAL OF TAKING THIS TINY SCHOOL 1235 00:38:02,660 --> 00:38:06,297 GOAL OF TAKING THIS TINY SCHOOL NOW WITH JUST A FEW HUNDRED 1236 00:38:06,297 --> 00:38:07,231 NOW WITH JUST A FEW HUNDRED STUDENTS, NATIONAL. 1237 00:38:07,231 --> 00:38:09,924 STUDENTS, NATIONAL. >> SO THE PLAN IS TO OPEN PAYAM 1238 00:38:09,924 --> 00:38:11,396 >> SO THE PLAN IS TO OPEN PAYAM SCHOOLS ALL ACROSS THE COUNTRY? 1239 00:38:11,396 --> 00:38:12,396 SCHOOLS ALL ACROSS THE COUNTRY? >> THAT’S CORRECT. 1240 00:38:12,396 --> 00:38:16,066 >> THAT’S CORRECT. ♪ 1241 00:38:16,066 --> 00:38:18,627 ♪ >> Reporter: PARTOVI HAS RAISED 1242 00:38:18,627 --> 00:38:19,297 >> Reporter: PARTOVI HAS RAISED MONEY TO FUND THE EXPANSION FROM 1243 00:38:19,297 --> 00:38:21,660 MONEY TO FUND THE EXPANSION FROM AN IMPRESSIVE LIST OF INVESTORS 1244 00:38:21,660 --> 00:38:24,495 AN IMPRESSIVE LIST OF INVESTORS INCLUDING FILM COMPOSER HANS 1245 00:38:24,495 --> 00:38:24,759 INCLUDING FILM COMPOSER HANS ZIMMER. 1246 00:38:24,759 --> 00:38:27,924 ZIMMER. >> WHAT MADE YOU DECIDE TO NOT 1247 00:38:27,924 --> 00:38:29,759 >> WHAT MADE YOU DECIDE TO NOT JUST RECOGNIZE PAYAM’S METHOD 1248 00:38:29,759 --> 00:38:32,627 JUST RECOGNIZE PAYAM’S METHOD AND WHAT HE’S DOING, BUT TO 1249 00:38:32,627 --> 00:38:34,825 AND WHAT HE’S DOING, BUT TO ACTUALLY INVEST IN IT? 1250 00:38:34,825 --> 00:38:37,627 ACTUALLY INVEST IN IT? >> TO THIS DAY, I JUST REMEMBER 1251 00:38:37,627 --> 00:38:42,495 >> TO THIS DAY, I JUST REMEMBER THESE PIANO LESSONS AS BEING 1252 00:38:42,495 --> 00:38:44,099 THESE PIANO LESSONS AS BEING HORRIBLE, AND HE’S PICKING OUT A 1253 00:38:44,099 --> 00:38:46,231 HORRIBLE, AND HE’S PICKING OUT A WAY OF GIVING CHILDREN THIS 1254 00:38:46,231 --> 00:38:48,528 WAY OF GIVING CHILDREN THIS OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE ABSOLUTE 1255 00:38:48,528 --> 00:38:48,825 OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE ABSOLUTE HAPPINESS. 1256 00:38:48,825 --> 00:38:50,528 HAPPINESS. THEY LOVE MUSIC AND LOVE 1257 00:38:50,528 --> 00:38:50,825 THEY LOVE MUSIC AND LOVE THEMSELVES. 1258 00:38:50,825 --> 00:38:55,858 THEMSELVES. ♪ 1259 00:38:55,858 --> 00:38:57,528 ♪ >> Reporter: ZIMMER VISITED 1260 00:38:57,528 --> 00:38:59,627 >> Reporter: ZIMMER VISITED PAYAM’S FIRST NEW LOCATIO IN 1261 00:38:59,627 --> 00:39:01,000 PAYAM’S FIRST NEW LOCATIO IN SANTA MONICA, CALIFORNIA, AND 1262 00:39:01,000 --> 00:39:04,198 SANTA MONICA, CALIFORNIA, AND LISTENED TO STAR PUPILS PLAY 1263 00:39:04,198 --> 00:39:05,792 LISTENED TO STAR PUPILS PLAY THEIR COMPOSITIONS, INCLUDING 1264 00:39:05,792 --> 00:39:08,462 THEIR COMPOSITIONS, INCLUDING HADI PARTOVI’S SON, DARIUS, NOW 1265 00:39:08,462 --> 00:39:08,627 HADI PARTOVI’S SON, DARIUS, NOW 19. 1266 00:39:08,627 --> 00:39:10,561 19. >> I WOULD LOVE TO HEAR THE 1267 00:39:10,561 --> 00:39:12,330 >> I WOULD LOVE TO HEAR THE PIECE, SLIGHTLY SLOWER. 1268 00:39:12,330 --> 00:39:13,660 PIECE, SLIGHTLY SLOWER. JUST BREATHE WITH IT MORE. 1269 00:39:13,660 --> 00:39:18,957 JUST BREATHE WITH IT MORE. ♪ 1270 00:39:18,957 --> 00:39:20,825 ♪ >> WITH MY SON, I DIDN’T EVEN 1271 00:39:20,825 --> 00:39:21,462 >> WITH MY SON, I DIDN’T EVEN REALIZE THAT HE WAS WRITING 1272 00:39:21,462 --> 00:39:23,726 REALIZE THAT HE WAS WRITING MUSIC UNTIL ONE DAY I WAS, LIKE, 1273 00:39:23,726 --> 00:39:25,660 MUSIC UNTIL ONE DAY I WAS, LIKE, OH, WHOSE PIECE ARE YOU PLAYING? 1274 00:39:25,660 --> 00:39:26,792 OH, WHOSE PIECE ARE YOU PLAYING? AND HE’S, LIKE, I’M JUST MAKING 1275 00:39:26,792 --> 00:39:27,627 AND HE’S, LIKE, I’M JUST MAKING IT UP AS I GO, AND I WAS, LIKE, 1276 00:39:27,627 --> 00:39:31,231 IT UP AS I GO, AND I WAS, LIKE, WHAT? 1277 00:39:31,231 --> 00:39:33,891 WHAT? >> DO YOU HAVE TO, OR HOW DO YOU 1278 00:39:33,891 --> 00:39:35,495 >> DO YOU HAVE TO, OR HOW DO YOU CONVINCE THE MUSIC 1279 00:39:35,495 --> 00:39:38,264 CONVINCE THE MUSIC ESTABLISHMENT, MUSIC SCHOOL, 1280 00:39:38,264 --> 00:39:38,825 ESTABLISHMENT, MUSIC SCHOOL, INSTRUCTORS, THAT WHAT YOU’VE 1281 00:39:38,825 --> 00:39:41,165 INSTRUCTORS, THAT WHAT YOU’VE GOT HERE IS SOMETHING SPECIAL? 1282 00:39:41,165 --> 00:39:43,132 GOT HERE IS SOMETHING SPECIAL? >> OVER TIME WE’LL BE ABLE TO 1283 00:39:43,132 --> 00:39:44,264 >> OVER TIME WE’LL BE ABLE TO CONVINCE THE MUSIC ESTABLISHMENT 1284 00:39:44,264 --> 00:39:45,462 CONVINCE THE MUSIC ESTABLISHMENT THAT THIS NEW WAY OF TEACHING IS 1285 00:39:45,462 --> 00:39:46,825 THAT THIS NEW WAY OF TEACHING IS BETTER, BUT RIGHT NOW WE JUST 1286 00:39:46,825 --> 00:39:49,528 BETTER, BUT RIGHT NOW WE JUST NEED TO CONVINCE PARENTS, AND 1287 00:39:49,528 --> 00:39:51,231 NEED TO CONVINCE PARENTS, AND THE EASIEST WAY TO CONVINCE 1288 00:39:51,231 --> 00:39:52,594 THE EASIEST WAY TO CONVINCE PARENTS IS WHEN THEY WATCH THEIR 1289 00:39:52,594 --> 00:39:53,396 PARENTS IS WHEN THEY WATCH THEIR SON OR DAUGHTER FALL IN LOVE 1290 00:39:53,396 --> 00:39:53,726 SON OR DAUGHTER FALL IN LOVE WITH MUSIC. 1291 00:39:53,726 --> 00:39:56,033 WITH MUSIC. >> THE BEST DECISION I MADE. 1292 00:39:56,033 --> 00:39:57,099 >> THE BEST DECISION I MADE. >> THE BEST DECISION YOU MADE? 1293 00:39:57,099 --> 00:39:58,198 >> THE BEST DECISION YOU MADE? >> THE BEST DECISION I MADE. 1294 00:39:58,198 --> 00:39:58,759 >> THE BEST DECISION I MADE. >> YES. 1295 00:39:58,759 --> 00:40:02,957 >> YES. >> DEFINITELY. 1296 00:40:02,957 --> 00:40:05,330 >> DEFINITELY. >> Reporter: SHAHRZAD 1297 00:40:05,330 --> 00:40:09,594 >> Reporter: SHAHRZAD SALESTANI’S DAUGHTER EILEE IS 9. 1298 00:40:09,594 --> 00:40:13,759 SALESTANI’S DAUGHTER EILEE IS 9. SASWATI SANYAL’S DAUGHTER AANIYA 1299 00:40:13,759 --> 00:40:14,693 SASWATI SANYAL’S DAUGHTER AANIYA IS 15. 1300 00:40:14,693 --> 00:40:17,759 IS 15. AND JULIA YING’S SON IS AWAY AT 1301 00:40:17,759 --> 00:40:21,132 AND JULIA YING’S SON IS AWAY AT COLLEGE AFTER LESSONS AT PAYAM 1302 00:40:21,132 --> 00:40:21,330 COLLEGE AFTER LESSONS AT PAYAM MUSIC. 1303 00:40:21,330 --> 00:40:23,231 MUSIC. >> IT IS LIFE-CHANGING FOR 1304 00:40:23,231 --> 00:40:23,495 >> IT IS LIFE-CHANGING FOR JONATHAN. 1305 00:40:23,495 --> 00:40:24,231 JONATHAN. > IN WHAT WAY? 1306 00:40:24,231 --> 00:40:27,231 > IN WHAT WAY? >> IN THE WAY THAT LEARNING CAN 1307 00:40:27,231 --> 00:40:27,594 >> IN THE WAY THAT LEARNING CAN BE FUN. 1308 00:40:27,594 --> 00:40:31,000 BE FUN. >> SO I SEE MY DAUGHTER, AANIYA, 1309 00:40:31,000 --> 00:40:32,495 >> SO I SEE MY DAUGHTER, AANIYA, TO BE MORE CONFIDENT AND YOU 1310 00:40:32,495 --> 00:40:35,363 TO BE MORE CONFIDENT AND YOU FEEL GOOD ABOUT YOURSELF. 1311 00:40:35,363 --> 00:40:36,693 FEEL GOOD ABOUT YOURSELF. SO THAT’S REALLY DIFFERENT ABOUT 1312 00:40:36,693 --> 00:40:37,495 SO THAT’S REALLY DIFFERENT ABOUT THIS SCHOOL. 1313 00:40:37,495 --> 00:40:38,594 THIS SCHOOL. >> SO THEY’RE ALL HAVING FUN -- 1314 00:40:38,594 --> 00:40:40,165 >> SO THEY’RE ALL HAVING FUN -- >> BUT THEY’RE LEARNING. 1315 00:40:40,165 --> 00:40:41,198 >> BUT THEY’RE LEARNING. >> BUT THEY’RE LEARNING. 1316 00:40:41,198 --> 00:40:43,660 >> BUT THEY’RE LEARNING. >> THEY WANT TO WORK HARD AT THE 1317 00:40:43,660 --> 00:40:43,858 >> THEY WANT TO WORK HARD AT THE PIANO? 1318 00:40:44,957 --> 00:40:46,000 PIANO? >> MM-HMM. >> MM-HMM. >> IT’S CONTAGIOUS. 1319 00:40:44,957 --> 00:40:55,726 >> IT’S CONTAGIOUS. ♪ 1320 00:40:55,726 --> 00:40:56,462 ♪ >> WOW. 1321 00:40:56,462 --> 00:40:58,264 >> WOW. WOW. 1322 00:40:58,264 --> 00:40:58,528 WOW. AMAZING. 1323 00:40:58,528 --> 00:41:00,462 AMAZING. >> THAT WAS FANTASTIC. 1324 00:41:00,462 --> 00:41:01,495 >> THAT WAS FANTASTIC. >> SO TO THE SKEPTICS YOU SAY? 1325 00:41:01,495 --> 00:41:03,297 >> SO TO THE SKEPTICS YOU SAY? >> TRY IT ONCE AND YOU’LL 1326 00:41:03,297 --> 00:41:03,726 >> TRY IT ONCE AND YOU’LL UNDERSTAND. 1327 00:41:03,726 --> 00:41:06,462 UNDERSTAND. >> I’M DOING GREAT. 1328 00:41:06,462 --> 00:41:09,825 >> I’M DOING GREAT. >> Reporter: WE COULDN’T RESIST 1329 00:41:09,825 --> 00:41:10,297 >> Reporter: WE COULDN’T RESIST A PIANO LESSON 50 YEARS AFTER MY 1330 00:41:10,297 --> 00:41:11,429 A PIANO LESSON 50 YEARS AFTER MY LAST ONE. 1331 00:41:11,429 --> 00:41:12,165 LAST ONE. >> BACK UP HERE? 1332 00:41:12,165 --> 00:41:12,561 >> BACK UP HERE? >> EXACTLY. 1333 00:41:12,561 --> 00:41:13,330 >> EXACTLY. PERFECT. 1334 00:41:13,330 --> 00:41:23,066 PERFECT. ♪ 1335 00:41:23,066 --> 00:41:24,660 ♪ >> AND THEN, LAST ONE. 1336 00:41:24,660 --> 00:41:28,033 >> AND THEN, LAST ONE. ♪ 1337 00:41:28,033 --> 00:41:30,330 ♪ >> YOU DID IT. 1338 00:41:30,330 --> 00:41:35,264 >> YOU DID IT. YOU FISHED LEVEL 2.-- FINISHED L 1339 00:41:35,264 --> 00:41:35,825 YOU FISHED LEVEL 2.-- FINISHED L >> HOW ABOUT THAT? 1340 00:41:37,264 --> 00:41:40,264 >> HOW ABOUT THAT? >> AMAZING.>> AMAZING. [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] 1341 00:41:40,264 --> 00:41:41,363 >> Announcer: IMPROVISING THE 1342 00:41:41,363 --> 00:41:41,825 >> Announcer: IMPROVISING THE CLASSICS. 1343 00:41:41,825 --> 00:41:43,264 CLASSICS. ♪ 1344 00:41:43,264 --> 00:41:45,066 ♪ >> SAME SONG, BUT YOU HAVE A 1345 00:41:45,066 --> 00:41:46,231 >> SAME SONG, BUT YOU HAVE A DIFFERENT FEELING. 1346 00:41:46,231 --> 00:41:54,792 DIFFERENT FEELING. >> GO 1347 00:41:54,792 --> 00:41:56,132 >> GO [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] 1348 00:41:56,132 --> 00:41:56,858 [ STOPWATCH TICKING ] >> Announcer: THE LAST MINUTE OF 1349 00:41:56,858 --> 00:41:59,000 >> Announcer: THE LAST MINUTE OF "60 MINUTES" IS SPONSORED BY 1350 00:41:59,000 --> 00:42:01,561 "60 MINUTES" IS SPONSORED BY UNITED HEALTHCARE, COVERAGE YOU 1351 00:42:01,561 --> 00:42:02,264 UNITED HEALTHCARE, COVERAGE YOU CAN COUNT ON FOR YOUR WHOLE LIFE 1352 00:42:02,264 --> 00:42:06,198 CAN COUNT ON FOR YOUR WHOLE LIFE AHEAD. 1353 00:42:06,198 --> 00:42:09,528 AHEAD. >>> AS THE NATION CELEBRATES 250 1354 00:42:09,528 --> 00:42:11,726 >>> AS THE NATION CELEBRATES 250 YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE, OSCAR 1355 00:42:11,726 --> 00:42:12,858 YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE, OSCAR WINNER SALLY FIELD WANTED TO 1356 00:42:12,858 --> 00:42:15,033 WINNER SALLY FIELD WANTED TO SHARE SOMETHING SHE LEARNED AS A 1357 00:42:15,033 --> 00:42:18,825 SHARE SOMETHING SHE LEARNED AS A CHILD IN VAN NUYS, CALIFORNIA. 1358 00:42:18,825 --> 00:42:20,132 CHILD IN VAN NUYS, CALIFORNIA. >> WHEN I WAS IN THE SEVENTH 1359 00:42:20,132 --> 00:42:21,495 >> WHEN I WAS IN THE SEVENTH GRADE, I WAS ASKED TO MEMORIZE 1360 00:42:21,495 --> 00:42:26,231 GRADE, I WAS ASKED TO MEMORIZE SOMETHING THAT I NEVER FORGOT. 1361 00:42:26,231 --> 00:42:28,957 SOMETHING THAT I NEVER FORGOT. "CONGRESS SHALL MAKE NO LAW IN 1362 00:42:28,957 --> 00:42:30,165 "CONGRESS SHALL MAKE NO LAW IN 1363 00:42:30,165 --> 00:42:31,495 ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION OR 1364 00:42:31,495 --> 00:42:32,627 ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION OR PROHIBITING THE FREE EXERCISE 1365 00:42:32,627 --> 00:42:34,363 PROHIBITING THE FREE EXERCISE THEREOF OR ABRIDGING THE FREEDOM 1366 00:42:34,363 --> 00:42:36,330 THEREOF OR ABRIDGING THE FREEDOM OF SPEECH OR OF THE PRESS, OR 1367 00:42:36,330 --> 00:42:38,066 OF SPEECH OR OF THE PRESS, OR THE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE 1368 00:42:38,066 --> 00:42:40,825 THE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE PEACEFULLY TO ASSEMBLE." 1369 00:42:40,825 --> 00:42:42,561 PEACEFULLY TO ASSEMBLE." IT’S THE FIRST AMENDMENT OF THE 1370 00:42:42,561 --> 00:42:43,396 IT’S THE FIRST AMENDMENT OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION. 1371 00:42:43,396 --> 00:42:44,957 U.S. CONSTITUTION. I BARELY KNEW WHAT IT MEANT AT 1372 00:42:44,957 --> 00:42:45,264 I BARELY KNEW WHAT IT MEANT AT THE TIME. 1373 00:42:45,264 --> 00:42:47,297 THE TIME. I CERTAINLY DIDN’T KNOW THE 1374 00:42:47,297 --> 00:42:51,066 I CERTAINLY DIDN’T KNOW THE IMPORTANCE OF IT, AND NOW ALMOST 1375 00:42:51,066 --> 00:42:52,660 IMPORTANCE OF IT, AND NOW ALMOST 67 YEARS LATER, I UNDERSTAND IT 1376 00:42:52,660 --> 00:42:53,594 67 YEARS LATER, I UNDERSTAND IT LIKE NEVER BEFORE. 1377 00:42:53,594 --> 00:42:56,330 LIKE NEVER BEFORE. I HAVE THE RIGHT TO SPEAK OUT, 1378 00:42:56,330 --> 00:42:58,726 I HAVE THE RIGHT TO SPEAK OUT, MAKE A SIGN, AND PEACEFULLY JOIN 1379 00:42:58,726 --> 00:43:00,858 MAKE A SIGN, AND PEACEFULLY JOIN A PROTEST WITHOUT FEAR OF 1380 00:43:00,858 --> 00:43:04,033 A PROTEST WITHOUT FEAR OF PUNISHMENT OR RETRIBUTION OR 1381 00:43:04,033 --> 00:43:04,561 PUNISHMENT OR RETRIBUTION OR WORSE. 1382 00:43:04,561 --> 00:43:06,495 WORSE. I HAVE LEARNED THAT THIS FRAGILE 1383 00:43:06,495 --> 00:43:08,627 I HAVE LEARNED THAT THIS FRAGILE THING CALLED DEMOCRACY NEEDS TO 1384 00:43:08,627 --> 00:43:10,495 THING CALLED DEMOCRACY NEEDS TO BE PROTECTED, THAT THE 1385 00:43:10,495 --> 00:43:12,330 BE PROTECTED, THAT THE BRILLIANCE OF OUR CONSTITUTION 1386 00:43:12,330 --> 00:43:15,066 BRILLIANCE OF OUR CONSTITUTION BEGINS WITH THE WORDS "WE THE 1387 00:43:15,066 --> 00:43:17,429 BEGINS WITH THE WORDS "WE THE PEOPLE." 1388 00:43:17,429 --> 00:43:19,759 PEOPLE." I BELIEVE IN THE RESILIENCE OF 1389 00:43:19,759 --> 00:43:21,726 I BELIEVE IN THE RESILIENCE OF OUR CONSTITUTION, AND I BELIEVE 1390 00:43:21,726 --> 00:43:24,825 OUR CONSTITUTION, AND I BELIEVE IN THE GOODNESS AND STRENGTH OF 1391 00:43:24,825 --> 00:43:26,693 IN THE GOODNESS AND STRENGTH OF THE PEOPLE. 1392 00:43:26,693 --> 00:43:27,528 THE PEOPLE. >> I’M SCOTT PELLEY. 1393 00:43:27,528 --> 00:43:29,858 >> I’M SCOTT PELLEY. WE’LL BE BACK NEXT WEEK WITH