>>> TONIGHT ON THIS SPECIAL EDITION OF "60 MINUTES" PRESENTS, EAT, DRINK, AND BE MERRY.
>> OVER THE YEARS I'VE KIND OF PERFECTED IT, MADE IT EASIER TO COOK. >> INA GARTEN ALSO KNOWN AS THE
BARE FOOT CONTESSA IS A BEST SELLING AUTHOR WITH IMPRESSIVE CALLINARY CHOPS. SHE TOLD US SHE WANTS TO HELP
PEOPLE RELAX IN THEIR KITCHENS WHILE FOLLOWING HER RECIPE FOR A GOOD LIFE. >> JOYOUS FRENCH FOOD.
YOU'RE SLINGING FUN. >> I JUST THINK IF YOU'RE NOT HAVING FUN, WHAT'S THE POINT, REALLY?
>> IN A CHANGING BRITAIN NO NOSTALGIA CAN RESIDE AT THE BOTTOM OF A GLASS. IN INOLD SO ENGLISH VILLAGE
YOU'LL FIND JUST A CRICKET GREEN, A CHURCH, A FEW HOUSES, AND A PUB RESISTANT TO TIME. IT HAS BEEN IN THE FAMILY OF
HEATHER MACAULAY FOR 200 YEARS. WE'VE TALKED TO SOME PUB OWNERS WHO SAID THEY FELT PRESSURE TO EVOLVE AND THEY'RE TRYING
GOURMET FOOD AND DJs AND TECHNOLOGY. >> I DON'T EVEN HAVE A MOBILE PHONE.
>> TAKE A LISTEN AS WE DID TO SONA JOBARTE AS SHE PLAYS THE KORA. WITH ITS 21 STRINGS PLAYED BY
JUST FOUR FINGERS, TWO ON EACH HAND, IT HAS A SOUND BOTH FOREIGN AND FAMILIAR. >>> GOOD EVENING, I'M JON
WERTHEIM. WELCOME TO "60 MINUTES" PRESENTS. IN THIS EVENING OF CELEBRATION
WE HAVE THREE STORIES THAT OFFER OPPORTUNITIES TO EAT, DRINK, AND BE MERRYP. WE'LL ENJOY A PINT OR TWO IN THE
STORIES PUBS OF ENGLAND AND BE ENTERTAINED BY AN AFRICAN INSTRUMENT SELDOM HEARD ON THIS CONTINENT.
BUT WE BEGIN TONIGHT'S MENU WITH A VISIT TO INA GARTEN KNOWN AS THE BARE FOOT CONTESSA. HER COOKBOOKS HAVE SOLD MILLIONS
OF COPIES. HER WEEKLY TELEVISION SHOW HAS RUN FOR TWO DECADES, EARNED SEVEN EMMYS, THREE JAMES BEARD
AWARDS AND MILLIONS OF DEVOTED FANS WHO TUNED IN AS MUCH FOR THE COOKING LESSON AS THE COCKTAIL PARTY THAT TYPICALLY
FOLLOWS. AND WHEN SHARYN ALFONSI FIRST MET HER IN OCTOBER WE LEARNED INA GARTEN ISN'T AS FREE
WHEELING AS YOU MIGHT THINK. AS IMPRESSIVE AS HER CULINARY CHOPS MAY BE HER SUCCESS HINGES ON HARD WORK, SHREWD BUSINESS
SENSE AND LEAVING NOTHING TO CHANCE. >> THIS IS JUST A GREAT WEEKNIGHT MEAL.
IT'S SO EASY TO DO. DO THE FIRST STAGE. HAVE YOURSELF A GLASS OF WINE. DO THE SECOND STAGE AND DINNER
IS READY. >> WHETHER SHE'S WHIPPING UP ONE OF HER SIGNATURE CHICKEN DISHES, SLINGING COSMOS FOR HER REAL
LIFE FRIENDS OR SCOOPING ICE CREAM, INA GARTEN IS A CALMING PRESENCE IN THE KITCHEN, TAKING THE MYSTERY OUT OF COOKING.
>> HOW EASY IS THAT? >> SHE'S BUILT A CULINARY EMPIRE BY MAKING IT ALL LOOK EFFORTLESS.
>> I KNOW PEOPLE DON'T BELIEVE THIS BUT I'M REALLY A NERVOUS COOK. I'M SURE EVERY RECIPE IS GOING
TO TURN OUT WRONG. SO I'M INCREDIBLY PRECISE. >> EVEN NOW? >> EVEN NOW.
>> I'M THERE WITH A COOK BOOK GOING, IS IT A HALF A TEASPOON OR WHOLE? >> ARE YOU REALLY?
>> I SPENT SO MUCH TIME GETTING THE BALANCE OF THE FLAVORS AND TEXTURES AND EVERYTHING RIGHT, I'M REALLY NOT A CONFIDENT COOK.
>> I WOULD THINK THAT YOU WERE SWIGGING WINE AND -- >> YEAH. >> TOSSING AN HERB.
>> LET'S KEEP THAT IMAGE GOING. HOW IS THAT? SO THIS IS MY COMMUTE TO WORK. >> OH.
AWFUL FOR YOU. >> I KNOW. >> AT 74, THE IMAGE OF INA GARTEN WITH HER DENIM SHIRT,
CHIC SCARVES AND SIGNATURE BOB IS AS RELIABLE AS THE TRIED AND TRUE RECIPES SHE BUILT A REPUTATION ON.
THOSE RECIPES ARE A ROAD MAP FOR HOME COOKS FROM A HOME COOK. >> PEOPLE LIKE BOBBY FLAY WORKED IN RESTAURANT KITCHENS ALL HIS
LIFE. AND HE CAN JUST THROW THINGS TOGETHER. I'VE WATCHED HIM.
HE'S SUCH A BRILLIANT COOK. I'M NOT THAT PERSON. I DIDN'T HAVE THAT EXPERIENCE. >> WHEN YOU SAY YOU'RE TESTING
AND TESTING YOURSELF AT FIRST AND -- HOW MANY TIMES DO YOU HAVE TO MAKE SOMETHING BEFORE YOU --
>> SOMETIMES TEN TIMES. SOMETIMES 25 TIMES. >> REALLY? >> AND THEN I'LL PRINT OUT A
PAGE AND GIVE IT TO ONE OF MY ASSISTANTS AND WATCH THEM MAKE IT. AND IT'S SO SURPRISES ME WHAT
PEOPLE DO. >> I WAS MAKING LENTIL SALAD, WARM FRENCH LENTILS. AND SHE WAS PUTTING IN GARLIC IN
IT. I SAID, WHAT ARE YOU DOING? SHE SAID, WELL, IT SAID CLOVES. CLOVES OF GARLIC IN IT.
I WAS LIKE, NO, IT'S CLOVES. NOT CLOVES OF GARLIC. I THOUGHT, I NEVER WOULD HAVE MADE THAT MISTAKE, BUT SOMEBODY
ELSE AT HOME IS GOING TO MAKE THAT MISTAKE. I WANT YOU TO FEEL LIKE I'M RIGHT THERE BESIDE YOU JUST KIND
OF GUIDING YOU THROUGH THE RECIPE. >> SO THIS IS THE SECRET GARDEN. DON'T TELL ANYBODY ABOUT IT.
>> GARTEN HAS BEEN GUIDING VIEWERS FROM HER HOME IN EAST HAMPTON, NEW YORK, FOR 20 YEARS. >> I LOVE THESE TOMATOES.
>> DO YOU REALLY DO THE GARDENING? >> WELL, I POINT. >> SO, YES.
>> YES. >> IT MAY SEEM LIKE SHE GREW OUT OF THE RICH LONG ISLAND SOIL. SHE DID NOT.
BORN IN BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, INA ROSENBERG GREW UP IN STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT. HER DAD WAS A DOCTOR, HER MOM A
DIETITIAN. AS A TEENAGER, SHE WAS INSTRUCTED TO STAY OUT OF THE KITCHEN AND EXCEL IN SCHOOL.
SHE DID BOTH. SHE MET HER FUTURE HUSBAND, JEFFREY GARTEN, WHILE SHE WAS 16 YEARS OLD AND FOUR YEARS LATER
THEY WERE MARRIED. JEFFREY, A LIEUTENANT IN THE 82nd AIRBORNE LATER TOOK HER BACKPACKING THROUGH FRANCE.
SHE CAME HOME WITH AN AMBITIOUS MISSION. >> SO I GOT JULIA CHILDS MASTERING THE ART OF FRENCH
COOKING AND I WORKED MY WAY THROUGH THOSE BOOKS. WHICH WERE VERY COMPLICATED RECIPES.
THEY WERE INGREDIENTS IN EACH RECIPE THAT WAS ANOTHER RECIPE IN ITSELF. AND I LOVED THAT CHALLENGE.
>> YOU NEVER WENT TO COOKING SCHOOL? >> NEVER WENT TO COOKING SCHOOL. >> WAS JULIA CHILDS BOOK YOUR
COOKING SCHOOL? >> JULIA CHILDS WAS MY COOKING SCHOOL, YEAH, EXACTLY. >> HER ACTUAL DEGREE WAS IN
ECONOMICS. AT 26, SHE HAD A JOB AT THE WHITE HOUSE ANALYZING NUCLEAR ENERGY POLICY FOR THE FORD
ADMINISTRATION. JEFFREY WORKED AROUND THE CORNER AT THE STATE DEPARTMENT. EACH WEEKEND INA SAYS THEY
DEVOTE THEIR TIME TO LESS BUREAUCRATIC PURSUITS LIKE MAKING A GREAT DINNER PARTY LOOK SIMPLE.
>> TO THIS DAY I THOUGHT I NEVER MADE SOMETHING FOR A DINNER PARTY I HADN'T MADE SEVERAL TIMES.
SO I WOULD ON MONDAY I WOULD MAKE THE ROAST LEG OF LAMB WITH TOMATOES WITH FINELY MINCED MUSHROOMS FOR JEFFREY FOR
DINNER. >> LUCKY MAN. >> MAKE IT AGAIN ON WEDNESDAY. THEN BY SATURDAY, I KNEW HOW TO
MAKE IT. AND THE POOR GUY WOULD GO, OH, THIS IS DELICIOUS. WHAT IS THIS?
>> AFTER 1,000 DINNER PARTIES AND TWO ADMINISTRATIONS AT 30 YEARS OLD, INA HAD BURNED OUT OF LIFE INSIDE THE BELTWAY.
1978 SHE SAW THIS AD IN THE BACK OF "THE NEW YORK TIMES" FOR A 400-SQUARE FOOT SPECIALTY FOOD STORE IN WEST HAMPTON, NEW YORK,
CALLED THE BAREFOOT CONTESSA. BUT YOU HAD NEVER BEEN TO THE HAMPTONS. YOU DIDN'T KNOW HOW TO RUN A
STORE. >> I KNEW HOW TO MAKE 12 BROWNIES FOR MY FRIENDS. BUT I CERTAINLY DIDN'T KNOW HOW
TO MAKE 100 BROWNIES. I DIDN'T KNOW HOW TO CASH OUT THE REGISTER. SLICE SMOKED SALMON.
TO ME BRIE WAS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE. >> WAS IT CONFIDENCE THAT ALLOWED YOU TO DO THAT?
OR WAS IT THAT YOU WERE BEING NAIVE? >> I HAVE A VERY LOW THRESHOLD OF BOREDOM.
I WAS REALLY BORED WITH MY JOB. AND I JUST THOUGHT THIS IS REALLY EXCITING. THIS IS WHAT I DO FOR FUN.
AND NOW I CAN DO IT PROFESSIONALLY. AND SO I THOUGHT, I'M JUST GOING TO JUMP IN.
THINKING, HOW HARD COULD THIS BE? OH, MY GOD. >> IT WAS REALLY HARD.
THE GARTENS SAY THEY DOUBLE MORTGAGED THEIR HOUSE. SHE WAS WORKING 20 HOURS A DAY TO KEEP UP WITH THE CROWDS WHO
CAME TO GAWK AT THE GOODS AND LOAD UP ON LOBSTER SALAD. SOON SHE OPENED A BIGGER SHOP IN EAST HAMPTON.
>> IT'S VERY DELIBERATE. I WAS ALWAYS DOING RESEARCH. LOOKED LIKE I WAS HAVING A GOOD TIME WANDERING AROUND HAVING A
PARTY. BUT IT WAS ALL CAREFUL AND DELIBERATE. >> A CALCULATING BUSINESSWOMAN,
INA GARTEN ELEVATED THE FOOD SCENE AND SOON HAD FINICKY HAMPTON CLIENTELE FALLING OVER THEMSELVES TO HAVE THE BAREFOOT
CONTESSA CATER THEIR WEDDINGS OR THANKSGIVING. >> AND EVERY YEAR WE WOULD PACK UP THE ORDERS WEDNESDAY NIGHT SO
PEOPLE COULD COME IN THURSDAY MORNING, AND I WOULD USE THE VAN NEXT TO THE STORE AS A REFRIGERATOR.
AND ONE YEAR IT WAS LIKE 33 DEGREES WHEN I WAS GOING HOME, AND I THOUGHT NO ONE WANTS A FROZEN THANKSGIVING DINNER.
SO I DROVE THE VAN HOME. AND I SET MY ALARM FOR EVERY SINGLE HOUR ALL NIGHT TO TURN THE HEAT ON FOR A FEW MINUTES
AND THEN GO BACK TO SLEEP. >> TO KEEP THE TURKEYS WARM. >> WELL, THE TURKEYS WE ROASTED IN THE MORNING, BUT LIKE THE
VEGETABLES AND THE SIDES AND ALL THAT STUFF. >> AFTER 18 YEARS, SHE DECIDED TO SELL THE BAREFOOT CONTESSA IN
1996. >> SO ONE MINUTE I'M MAKING 1,000 BAGUETTES AND THE NEXT MINUTE I HAD NOTHING -- I MEAN
NOTHING TO DO. >> HOW WAS THAT? >> IT WAS HORRIBLE. I THOUGHT, I'M 50.
MAYBE THAT'S THE END OF MY CAREER. >> HARDLY. THE LULL LASTED NINE MONTHS
BEFORE GARTEN STARTED WRITING THE BAREFOOT CONTESSA COOKBOOK, THE FIRST OF 13 COOKBOOKS, NINE OF WHICH BECAME NEW YORK TIMES
BEST SELLERS. CRUSHING BIG NAME CHEFS BY REMEMBERING THE LESSONS LEARNED AT HER SPECIALTY FOOD SHOP.
>> I REALIZED LATER WHAT I KNEW WAS WHAT PEOPLE WANTED TO EAT AT HOME, WHICH IS ROAST CHICKEN AND ROAST CARROTS AND CHOCOLATE CAKE
AND COCONUT CUP CAKES AND THINGS I KNEW FROM THE STORE PEOPLE BOUGHT AND TOOK HOME. >> YOU WEREN'T TRYING TO SAY,
HERE IS EVERYTHING I KNOW. YOU WERE SAYING HERE IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW. >> YEAH.
HERE IS WHAT WILL MAKE YOU HAPPY AT HOME. >> HER LATEST COOK BOOK, GO-TO DINNERS WAS INSPIRED BY THE
PANDEMIC. AND AGAIN, INA IS IN EVERY DETAIL. ONE OF THE THINGS ABOUT THE BOOK
THAT IS NOT BY ACCIDENT IS THAT YOU CAN PUT IT ON THE COUNTER AND IT DOESN'T FLOP SHUT. >> I'M SO GLAD YOU NOTICED THAT.
>> EARLY ON GARTEN SOUGHT OUT A PRINTER IN JAPAN SO HER COOKBOOKS WOULD LIE FLAT, WOULDN'T CLOSE WHILE COOKING.
SHE DESIGNED THEM TO HAVE WHITE SPACE FOR NOTES AND PICTURES FOR GUIDE. SIMPLICITY IS A NON-NEGOTIABLE.
>> DO YOU THROW SOMETHING OUT BECAUSE IT'S TOO DIFFICULT TO MAKE? >> ABSOLUTELY.
IF I GET TO A POINT IN A RECIPE AND I GO, I'M NEVER GOING TO MAKE THIS RECIPE AGAIN, EVERYTHING GOES IN THE TRASH.
AND IF YOU'RE EXHAUSTED BY THE TIME YOU FINISH THAT, IT'S NOT GOOD FOR THE PARTY. >> YOU'RE THINKING ABOUT THE
PARTY ABOVE ALL THINGS. >> ALWAYS THINKING ABOUT THE PARTY. >> THE PARTY GOT REAL BIG, REAL
FAST AFTER INA WAS INVITED TO BE ON MARTHA'S STEWART SHOW. AN OUTTAKE CAUGHT THE EYE OF A FOOD NETWORK EXECUTIVE.
>> SHE SAID I WAS MAKING SOMETHING AND I TOOK A SPOONFUL OF IT AND TASTED IT AND GO THIS IS REALLY GOOD.
AND MARTHA STUART'S FILM CREW SAID, CUT, YOU CAN'T TALK WITH YOUR MOUTH FULL. I WAS LIKE, WHY?
IT'S A COOKING SHOW. >> SHE TOLD NETWORK EXECUTIVES SHE DIDN'T WANT A SHOW. GAVE IN WITH A CAVEAT.
INSTEAD OF AN ADORING STUDIO AUDIENCE, SHE INSISTED MORE INTIMATE AFFAIR IN HER KITCHEN. SHE DIRECTED THE CAMERAS TO COME
CLOSER SO IT FELT LIKE A DINNER PARTY. ONE OF THE THINGS I'M FASCINATED BY, THERE ARE A LOT OF PEOPLE
WHO WATCH YOUR SHOW WHO DON'T COOK. WHAT DO YOU THINK THE APPEAL IS? WHY ARE THEY WATCHING YOU COOK?
>> I THINK THERE WAS A TIME WHEN MOM WAS IN THE KITCHEN COOKING FOR US. I FEEL LIKE PEOPLE ARE HANGING
OUT WITH ME AND I'M COOKING FOR THEM. >> WHEN YOU'RE COOKING IT'S NOT ABOUT LOOK AT ME.
>> OH, IT'S NEVER ABOUT LOOK AT ME. I'M LIKE DON'T LOOK AT ME. I'M JUST THE OPPOSITE.
IT'S FUNNY. I HAVE A FRIEND WHO SAID EVERYBODY ELSE IS LIKE LOOK AT ME.
LOOK AT ME. PAY ATTENTION TO ME. I'M LIKE, WELL, THIS IS WHAT I DO.
YOU CAN DO WHATEVER THE [ BLEEP ] YOU WANT TO DO. AND I'M JUST HAVING FUN HERE. >> THE FUN CAME TO A SCREECHING
HALT FOR INA AND EVERYONE ELSE DURING THE PANDEMIC. UNABLE TO FILM HER SHOW OR COOK FOR HER FRIENDS, GARTEN TURNED
TO INSTAGRAM, OFFERING PRACTICAL ADVICE TO HOME COOKS. >> IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT TO KEEP TRADITIONS ALIVE.
>> AND STIRRING UP SOME FUN. >> YOU NEVER KNOW WHO IS STOPPING BY. WAIT A MINUTE, NO ONE IS
STOPPING BY. >> TWO CUPS OF VODKA AND 3 MILLION VIEWS LATER. >> DELICIOUS.
>> WITH THE LOCKDOWN OVER, WE WANTED TO MAKE SURE INA DIDN'T HAVE TO DRINK ALONE. >> YOU DO THIS, JEFFREY ARRIVES.
>> HI, SWEETIE. YOU KNOW SHARYN, RIGHT? >> I KNOW SHARYN. HI, SHARYN.
>> WE MADE A RED GRAPEFRUIT PALOMA FOR YOU. HOW IS THAT? >> MR. GARTEN HAD A SUCCESSFUL
CAREER ON WALL STREET AND SERVED AS THE DEAN OF YALE BUSINESS SCHOOL. MILLIONS OF VIEWERS KNOW HIM
SIMPLY AS JEFFREY. >> INA CALLED YOU HER MUSE BEFORE. WHAT IS SHE TO YOU?
>> WELL, SHE'S THE CENTER OF MY LIFE. SHE'S ACTUALLY THE FONT OF ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF FUN.
AND SHE IS THE CENTER OF A HOME. THAT'S WHAT SHE IS TO ME. >> THANK YOU. THAT'S NOT BAD.
>> THE COUPLE HAS BEEN MARRIED FOR MORE THAN 50 YEARS. IS THIS A TYPICAL DAY AT THE HOUSE?
>> OH, YEAH. WE HAVE COCKTAILS ALL THE TIME. >> COUPLE TIMES A DAY. >> THAT'S THE SECRET TO A HAPPY
MARRIAGE. >> EXACTLY RIGHT. >> JUST DELICIOUS. >> THANK YOU.
>> THE NEXT MORNING WE WENT LOOKING FOR CARS BUT IN THE HAMPTONS THE CORNER SHOP DOESN'T SELL DONUTS.
>> THIS IS CARISSA'S. >> SO CUTE. >> ISN'T IT WONDERFUL? >> GARTEN TOOK US TO HER
FAVORITE LOCAL BAKERY FOR A TASTE OF THE GOOD LIFE. WHAT IS IT THAT YOU LOVE ABOUT THIS SPOT?
>> WELL, FIRST I LOVE CARISSA'S BECAUSE IT'S TWO LOCAL WOMEN. THE TWO HAVE BUILT THIS EXTRAORDINARY PLACE WITH GREAT
QUALITY FOOD. THEY USE LOCAL INGREDIENTS IN ALMOST EVERYTHING. THEY'RE HERE EVERYDAY.
IT JUST FEELS LIKE WHAT I USED TO DO. FEELS LIKE COMING HOME. OH, LOOK HOW FABULOUS THAT IS.
>> THIS IS JUST WHAT I WOULD TYPICALLY HAVE FOR BREAKFAST. >> EXACTLY. >> THIS IS ALL LOVELY.
BUT THE BACON, EGG AND CHEESE SANDWICH IS $20, A LOBSTER ROLL IS 38. >> FIRST OF ALL, IT'S ORGANIC,
IT'S LOCAL AND THINGS ARE EXPENSIVE HERE. BUT IT'S NOT JUST A PIECE OF WHITE BREAD.
IT'S ON A ROLL THAT CARISSA MADE. ONE OF THE LUXURIES OF BEING HERE IS THAT YOU CAN MAKE A
REALLY GOOD QUALITY PRODUCT. >> GARTEN'S LIFE ISN'T ALL FRENCH PASTRIES AND ROSE COLORED COCKTAILS, BUT WE THOUGHT IT'S
PRETTY DANG CLOSE. SHE STILL MAY BE A NERVOUS COOK, BUT INA HAS NAILED THE RECIPE FOR A GOOD LIFE.
>> I WANT TO DO WHAT I LOVE DOING AND DO IT WELL AND HAVE A GOOD LIFE. >> JULIA SOLD FRENCH FOOD.
MARTHA SOLD PERFECTION. YOU'RE SLINGING FUN. >> WELL, I JUST THINK IF YOU'RE NOT HAVING FUN, WHAT'S THE
POINT? >>> WE WERE NEARING LAST CALL ON THE GRANDEST OF BRITISH INSTITUTIONS, THE PUB.
AFTER ENDURING FOR HUNDREDS OF YEARS AS CENTERS FOR SCHMOOZING AND BOOZING PUBS WERE GOING AWAY OF MORNING NEWSPAPERS, AFTERNOON
TEA, AND THE WHOLE YIOF EMPIRE. A RANGE OF FACTORS UNDERCUT THE KIND OF NEIGHBORHOOD JOINT WHERE EVERYONE KNOWS YOUR NAME.
THEN CAME COVID WHICH KEPT MOST BRITISH PUBS CLOSED FOR MORE THAN YEAR, BUT IN THE SUMMER OF 2021 THE U.K. REOPENED, AND NOT
UNLIKE AN OVERSERVED PATRON THE PUB STORIES STARTED TO STAGGER AND LURCH IN AN UNEXPECTED DIRECTION.
AND AS WE FIRST REPORTED LAST YEAR, MAYBE IT'S NOT QUITE CLOSING TIME AFTER ALL. >> 1,200 PLUS YEARS OLD.
>> YES. >> A MAN WALKS INTO A PUB. OF COURSE HE DOES. IN THIS CASE IT'S A VERY OLD
PUB, YE OLDE FIGHTING COCKS IN ST. ALBANS OUTSIDE LONDON. IT'S LANDLORD OR PUBLICAN IS CHRISTO TOFALLI.
SO YOUR PUB IS ONE OF THE DOZENS IN THIS COUNTRY THAT CLAIMS TO BE THE OLDEST EVER. >> YOU'RE ABSOLUTELY RIGHT.
>> MAKE YOUR CASE. >> WE'RE THE OLDEST PUB. THE VIKINGS INVADED ENGLAND IN THE SAME YEAR THE FIRST BRICK
WAS LAID IN 793. >> I SUSPECT THE VIKINGS WOULD LIKE THIS PLACE. >> THEY WOULD LOVE THIS PLACE.
>> BEFORE WE GO FURTHER LET'S DEFINE OUR TERMS. WE'RE NOT TALKING ABOUT MERE BARS OR FOR THE LOVE OF GOD,
SPORTS BARS. THESE ARE PUBS OR SHORT FOR PUBLIC HOUSES. THEY EXIST AS MUCH FOR
CONVIVIALY AS FOR WHAT'S ON TAP, COLD LAGER AND TO THE SHOCK OF FIRST TIMERS, WARM ALE. THE WRITER/COMEDIAN AL MURRAY
BELIEVES IT GOES BEYOND BEER. >> IT'S A COMMUNITY PLACE. >> WHAT IS IT ABOUT THIS CULTURE THAT HAS SUCH APPEAL TO YOU?
>> IT SOUNDS IDEALISTIC ABOUT IT, PRINCES AND PAUPERS ARE EQUALLY WELCOME IN HERE. AND GIVEN THAT BRITAIN IS SUCH A
CLAS STY THERE ARE VERY FEW PLACES YOU STAND AT THE BAR AND YOUR MONEY IS AS GOOD AS EVERYONE ELSE'S.
THERE'S SOMETHING GENUINELY BEAUTIFUL ABOUT WHERE SOMEONE CAN GO AT ANY TIME AND SIT IN THE CORNER WITH THEIR OWN
THOUGHTS AND DRINK AND IT'S A BEAUTIFUL NOTION. >> YOU DON'T GO TO TURNER'S OLD STAR FOR QUILT CONTEMPLATION.
ONE OF THE LAST SO-CALLED BOOZERS IN LONDON'S EAST END, IT'S THE HEARTBEAT OF THE PROUDLY WORKING CLASS COMMUNITY
HERE. >> PUT IN A DAY OF WORK, YOU WORK HARD, YOU COME IN -- >> ABSOLUTELY.
YOU WORK HARD ALL DAY AND YOU'RE KIND OF LIKE -- IT'S JUST LIKE HAVING A MENTAL SHOW AFTER A HARD DAY'S WORK TO KIND OF WIND
DOWN. IT'S LIKE A REAL LIFE CHEERS, I GUESS. YOU KNOW?
>> THEY MAKE YOU FEEL WELCOME. THEY'RE FAMILY. THEY'RE FAMILY. >> PAUL AND BERNICE DREW HAVE
RUN THE OLD STAR FOR 17 YEARS. THEY MET ACROSS THE STREET, GOT ENGAGED HERE. THEY LIVE UPSTAIRS.
THE PUB IS THEIR LIVING ROOM. THE REGULARS, THEIR OLDEST FRIENDS. WHEN YOU SAY REGULARS, THOUGH,
THESE ARE REALLY REGULARS. >> OH, YEAH, EVERYBODY. 10, 15 PEOPLE THAT COME IN EVERY DAY REGARDLESS WINTER, SUMMER,
WHENEVER. >> THEY ALL COME UP HAVE A COUPLE OF BEERS, HAVE A LAUGH, AND SLAG EVERYONE OFF.
THEY'RE ALWAYS HAVING A GO AT EACH OTHER. >> I HEAR YOU SAY WITH REAL PRIDE THIS IS A PROPER PUB.
>> IT IS. A SMALL PUB PUB. >> NO, IT'S A PUB PUB. >> WE CALL IT A PUB PUB.
>> FOR CENTURIES PUBS HAVE BEEN AS MUCH SALON AS SALOON AS THEY'VE TAKEN A STOOL AND WATCH HISTORY AND MYTH UNFOLD.
AFTER PARIS FELL TO THE NAZIS IN 1940 CHARLES DE GAULLE IN EXILE IS SAID TO HAVE WRITTEN HIS FAMOUS SPEECH TO THE FRENCH FREE
FORCES HERE. A LITTLE FURTHER EAST ON THE RIVER THAMES LEGEND HAS IT THAT THE 17th CENTURY JUDGE JEFFREYS
WOULD WATCH THOSE HE SENTENCED HANG AS HE HUNCHED AND SIPPED ALE AT THE PROSPECT OF WHITBY. THEN THERE'S THE CHOLERA
EPIDEMIC THAT KILLED 550 PEOPLE IN TWO WEEKS. A LOCAL DOCTOR JOHN SNOW FIGURED OUT THE PROBLEM.
CONTAMINATED WATER FROM A WELL WAS SPREADING THE DISEASE, AND SIMPLY REMOVING THE HANDLE FROM THE PUMP EFFECTIVELY ENDED THE
EPIDEMIC. JOHN SNOW WASN'T KNIGHTED, BUT HE DID RECEIVE WHAT MIGHT BE THE NEXT HIGHEST BRITISH HONOR.
CHRISTENING A PUB AFTER SOMEONE IS AN EXCEPTION. MANY PUB NAMES READ LIKE DRUNKEN MAD LIBS, RANDOM ADJECTIVE PLUS
RANDOM NOUN, OFTEN AN ANIMAL. THE APE AND APPLE, THE SNOOTY FOX, THE DRUNKEN DOG, THE BLACK DOG.
FOR PETE BROWN, BRITAIN'S LEADING WRITER ON PUBS -- WHAT'S GOING ON HERE? >> IT STARTS OFF IN A PRACTICAL
WAY WHICH IS THAT MOST OF THE POPULATION WHO WENT TO PUBS UNTIL RECENTLY WERE ILLITERATE, SO YOU COULDN'T PUT A NAME
SIGN-UP. YOU HAD TO HAVE A PICTORIAL SIGN. SO YOU'D PICK A PICTURE OF
SOMETHING THAT HAD SOME RESONANCE WITH PEOPLE, BUT THEN SOME OF THE ONES YOU JUST MENTIONED I THINK IT'S KIND OF
THE PUB SELF-SATTERNIZING ITSELF. >> AND IT'S NOT JUST PUB NAMES THAT VEERED TOWARDS THE COLORFUL
AND ECCENTRIC. JUST BEHIND LONDON'S LAW COURTS AND THEN BEHIND THE BAR, YOU'LL FIND THE OWNER, CHEF, AND STAR
PERFORMER OF THE SEVEN STARS PUB, THE TALENTED MRS. ROXY BEAUJOLAIS. YOUR HUSBAND IS AMERICAN.
>> YES. >> HOW DO YOU EXPLAIN WHAT YOU DO TO HIS FAMILY? >> 30 YEARS AGO MY HUSBAND DOVE
IN AND SAID NOT A REPUBLICAN, A TAVERN KEEPER. >> WHAT IS IT ABOUT THIS JOB THAT CLEARLY FEEDS SOMETHING IN
YOU? >> I'M GOOD AT IT, DARLING. I'M GOOD AT IT. YOU KNOW I COOK, I HAVE A
PARTING INTEREST IN THE PRODUCTS THAT I SELL MYSELF. YOU KNOW, I LOVE IT. >> FOR THE LAST 25 YEARS,
COMEDIAN AL MURRAY HAS LOVED PLAYING THE FIGURE BEHIND THE BAR. HIS ALTER EGO ON STAGES, A HEAD
SHAVED OVER OPINIONATED HE CALLS THE LANDLORD. >> THE MOON WAS NEVER GOING TO BE PART OF THE PRITISH EMPIRE,
WAS IT? NO ONE TO GIVE IT BACK TO ONCE WE'RE DONE WITH IT, IS IT? >> SO WHAT IS IT ABOUT THAT
ARCHETYPE? >> IT'S A GUY WHO HAS POWER BUT NO AUTHORITY. IT'S A GUY WHO'S WRITING
INTELLECTUAL CHECKS HE CANNOT POSSIBLY CASH. IT'S THE WHOLE SWIRL OF WHAT HAPPENS IN A PUBLIC.
THE PUBLICAN IS THE CONDUIT, THE CONFESSOR, THE SORT OF, YOU KNOW, HIGH PRIEST IN A SPACE LIKE THIS.
SO ALL GOES THROUGH HIM. >> IT'S ALL GOOD FUN, BUT AS ITS CHARACTER SUGGESTS PUB CULTURE IS IF NOT ERODING, UNDERGOING
CONSIDERABLE CHANGE. FOR GENERATIONS THE NUMBER OF BRITISH PUBS HAS BEEN DECLINING. FROM 65,000 TO FEWER THAN 50,000
IN THE LAST 25 YEARS. THE CAUSES OF DEATH ARE MANY -- HIGH BEER DUTY, A SMOKING BAN, CHEAP SUPERMARKET LAGER, PEOPLE
DRINKING LESS. PERHAPS THE BIGGEST CULPRITS, VENTURE CAPITALISTS AND DEVELOPERS MORE INTERESTED IN A
PUB'S REAL ESTATE THAN WHAT'S ON TAP. AND THEN IN MARCH 2020 CAME THE HAMMER BLOW, COVID-19.
WHAT WAS IT LIKE WHEN THIS CLOSED FOR THE FIRST TIME? >> SO DESTROYING. I MEAN, IN BUSINESS TERMS,
LETHAL. I STILL HAVEN'T WORDS FOR IT, JON. IT'S -- IT'S -- WE HAVE A
PASSION TO OPEN THE DOOR EVERY SINGLE DAY. >> THIS WASN'T JUST CHANGE THE SIGN-ON THE DOOR.
THIS SOUNDS ALMOST EXISTENTIAL. >> TERMINAL FOR A LOT OF PUBS. >> EVEN IN THE WORST OF TIMES, THE NAPOLEONIC WARS, THE SPANISH
FLU, PUBS DID NOT CLOSE. DESPITE THE BOMBINGS AND THE BLITZ CHURCHILL INSISTED PUBS REMAIN OPEN.
HOW BAD CAN THINGS BE IF WE CAN STILL PULL A PINT? >> THIS IS A STORY TO SHOW THE SPIRIT OF THE PUBS IS EXCELLENT.
THE HOUSES BOMBED, THEY CARRY ON OUTSIDE. >> THE LOCKDOWN GAVE BRITAIN A GLIMPSE OF A FUTURE WITHOUT
PUBS. FOR MONTHS THE COBBLED STREETS WHERE DICKENS ONCE WALKED, SILENT.
THE TAVERNS WHERE CHAUCER OR SHAKESPEARE MIGHT HAVE WALKED, EMPTY. WHAT DOES THIS COUNTRY STAND TO
LOSE IF PUBS DIMINISH? >> IT'S PART OF IDENTITY. WE CELEBRATE OUR NATIONALITY IN A VERY QUIET WAY, IN A VERY
MODEST WAY, AND THE PUB IS A PERFECT EXAMPLE OF THAT. WE'RE PROUD OF THE PUB. AND IF IT WAS TAKEN AWAY FROM
US, I THINK WE'D LOSE SOMETHING OF WHAT DEFINES US AS A NATION. >> IT'S NOT FLAG WAVING JINGOISM BUT COMING IN HERE PATRIOTISM.
>> IT'S JUST COMING IN HERE AND GOING, YEAH, I'LL HAVE ANOTHER PINT, THANK YOU. >> COMING OUT OF LOCKDOWN, THE
PINT WIELDING PATRIOTS BELIEVED MORE THAN EVER THAT THE PUB IS AN INSTITUTION WORTH SAVING. >> SAVING THE TRADITIONAL PUB IS
THAT NOSTALGIA FOR A BRITAIN THAT MAY NO LONGER EXIST? >> OH, THERE'S SO MANY BRITAINS THAT MAY NO LONGER EXIST BUT ONE
THAT'S WORTH SAVING IS THE PUB SURELY. WE DON'T NEED THE NAVY ANYMORE, DO WE?
WE NEED PUBS. >> IN A CHANGING BRITAIN NOSTALGIA CAN RESIDE AT THE BOTTOM OF A GLASS.
IN THE OH, SO ENGLISH VILLAGE OF ALDRIDGE YOU'LL FIND JUST A CRICKET GREEN, A CHURCH, A FEW HOUSES, AND A PUB RESISTANT TO
TIME. THE BELL INN HAS BEEN IN THE FAMILY OF HEATHER MACAULAY FOR 200 YEARS.
SHE WAS BORN IN THE PUB, AND NOW AT AGE 85 RUNS IT WITH HER SON, HUGH. HOW MANY GENERATIONS IN THESE
200 YEARS? >> JAMES AND HUGH AND THOMAS AND RONALD, AND THEN ME. FIVE, I SUPPOSE.
>> WE TALKED TO SOME PUB OWNERS WHO SAID THEY FELT THIS PRESSURE TO EVOLVE AND THEY'RE TRYING GOURMET FOOD AND DJs AND
TECHNOLOGY. >> HERE, NO. WE ARE PLAIN, SIMPLE. THAT'S HOW WE SURVIVE.
THAT'S HOW WE'RE GOING TO SURVIVE. I DON'T THINK WE'LL EVER BE PUTTING TVs IN HERE SOMEHOW.
>> NO, NO. I DON'T EVEN HAVE A MOBILE PHONE. >> PUBS LIKE THE BELL INNS HAVE
DONE WHAT THEY'VE ALWAYS DONE, SERVED THEIR COMMUNITY. BUT WHERE DOES THE REST OF THE COUNTRY FIT IN?
NIGERIAN BORN CLEMENTE IS PROUD OWNER OF THE PRINCE OF PECKHAM IN SOUTH LONDON. HE'S TAKEN THE MAGIC OF THE PUB
AND ADAPTED IT. YOU HEAR THE WORD PUB 20 YEARS AGO WHAT ARE YOU THINKING? >> I'M THINKING I'M NOT GOING
THERE. >> PLAY THAT OUT FOR ME. YOU WALK INTO A CONVENTIONAL PUB AND WHAT HAPPENS?
>> THINK OF CLINT EASTWOOD IN A WESTERN MOVIE. EVERYONE LOOKS AT THE DOOR SWINGING, WHO'S THAT GUY?
THAT'S HOW I FELT IN SOME PUBS. >> PIANO STOPS PLAYING. >> ABSOLUTELY. >> FOUR YEARS AGO HE BOUGHT UP A
NEIGHBORHOOD JOINT DESTINED TO BE TURNED INTO A PARKING LOT OR MINI MARKET. >> PUBS PLAY A MASSIVE PART IN
REPRESENTING THE COMMUNITIES, REPRESENTING THE MARGINALIZED AND GIVING THEM A SPACE, GIVING THEM SOMEWHERE THEY CAN BE, THEY
CAN CONGREGATE, THEY CAN SHARE IDEAS. >> WHEN KIDS TODAY HEAR THE WORD PUB WHAT DO YOU WANT THEM TO
THINK? >> I WANT THEM TO THINK THAT'S A SPACE FOR ME, THAT'S A SPACE WHERE I CAN BE HSH THAT'S A
SPACE WHERE I CAN CELEBRATE, I CAN HANG OUT, I CAN LAUGH, I CAN MOURN. >> THAT'S WHAT YOU'RE GOING
INTEREST FOR WHEN YOU OPENED THIS PLACE? >> I JUST LOVE SEEING THE MELTING POT THAT IS LONDON
REFLECTED IN THIS PUB. >> AND HEREIN MIGHT LIE THE KEY TO THE PUB'S SURVIVAL, CATER TO AN EVOLVING AND EVER CHANGING
BRITAIN AND BEER AND GOOD CHEER MIGHT WELL FLOW IN EQUAL MEASURE. THOSE PINTS, AFTER ALL, AREN'T
GOING TO DRINK THEMSELVES.
>>> TONIGHT, WE WANT TO INTRODUCE YOU TO A MUSICIAN NAMED SONA JOBARTEH, WHO INTRODUCED US TO THE BEAUTIFUL
SOUND AND STORY OF A CENTURIES OLD INSTRUMENT, THE KORA. IT'S A STRING INSTRUMENT FROM WEST AFRICA, PART OF A MUSICAL
TRADITION THAT DATES BACK TO A 13th CENTURY EMPIRE AND HAS BEEN PASSED DOWN STRICTLY FROM FATHER TO SON, MAN TO MAN, IN A SPECIAL
SET OF FAMILIES EVER SINCE. AS LESLIE STAHL REPORTED THIS FALL SONA JOBARTEH WAS BORN INTO ONE OF THOSE FAMILIES CALLED
GRIOTS. THE DAUGHTER OF A GAMBIAN FATHER AND A BRITISH MOTHER. AFTER HUNDREDS OF YEARS OF MEN,
SHE IS THE FIRST WOMAN TO MASTER THE KORA. IN HER PERFORMANCES AROUND THE WORLD, AND IN HER WORK OFF
STAGE, SHE SAYS SHE IS KEEPING TRADITION ALIVE THROUGH THE VERY ACT OF BREAKING IT. ♪
>> TAKE A LISTEN, AS WE DID, TO SONA JOBARTEH AS SHE PLAYS THE KORA. ♪
>> WITH ITS 21 STRINGS PLAYED BY JUST FOUR FINGERS, TWO ON EACH HAND, IT HAS A SOUND BOTH FOREIGN AND FAMILIAR.
♪ >> TO ME IT'S LIKE A HARP. WHAT DO YOU COMPARE IT TO? >> I DON'T ACTUALLY COMPARE IT
TO ANYTHING BECAUSE IT'S NORMAL FOR ME. I COMPARE OTHER THINGS TO THE KORA.
♪ >> THE SONG SONA PLAYED FOR US CALLED JARABI IS A TRADITIONAL LOVE SONG.
♪ SUNG IN THE MANDINKA LANGUAGE. ♪ THE TRADITION GOES BACK TO THE
1200s WHEN A KINGDOM CALLED THE MALI EMPIRE REIGNED OVER A LARGE SWATH OF WEST AFRICA, THE TERRITORY OF SEVERAL MODERN DAY
COUNTRIES. THE MUSICIANS AND STORYTELLERS IN THE EMPIRE WERE MEN CALLED GRIOTS WHO COUNSELLED KINGS,
RESOLVED CONFLICTS AND PASSED THE LEGENDS DOWN ORALLY THROUGH THE CENTURIES. WOMEN IN GRIOT FAMILIES WERE
SINGERS, BUT IT WAS ONLY MEN WHO WERE ALLOWED TO PLAY THE INSTRUMENT. ♪
THAT IS UNTIL SONA JOBARTEH. AT 39, SHE HAS BECOME ONE OF THE FOREMOST KORA PLAYERS IN THE WORLD.
♪ PERFORMING WITH HER BAND ACROSS EUROPE, WEST AFRICA, AND HERE IN THE UNITED STATES, AS WE SAW IN
THIS PACKED THEATER OUTSIDE BOSTON. ♪ >> THIS IS MUSIC WHEN YOU HEAR
IT, IT STILL TO THIS DAY CARRIES THE FEELING OF THE EMPIRE AT ITS GREATEST. YOU GET THAT FEELING OF ROYALTY.
YOU GET THAT FEELING OF SOMETHING THAT YOU'RE SO PROUD ABOUT. >> ONE, TWO, THREE.
♪ >> WHAT I THINK ABOUT WITH YOU IS THAT YOU HAVE BROKEN TRADITION.
>> IT'S NOT THE WAY I SEE MYSELF MAINLY BECAUSE OF THE FACT OF BELIEF IN THE TRADITION HAS TO EVOLVE.
TRADITIONS ARE NOT STAGNANT. THEY GROW WITH HUMANITY AND WITH SOCIETY AND ALWAYS HAVE. AT ONE TIME THIS INSTRUMENT WAS
NOT AROUND. THEN IT BECAME INVENTED AND BECAME SOMETHING MODERN. YET NOW IT'S CONSIDERED
TRADITIONAL. IN TERMS OF ME BEING FEMALE, THIS IS A VERY CENTRAL AND IMPORTANT ADAPTATION THE
TRADITION MUST TAKE IN ORDER TO BE ABLE TO BE RELEVANT TO OUR NEW SOCIETY. >> SONA JOBARTEH COMES
TO THE GRIOT TRADITION AS BOTH INSIDER AND OUTSIDER. HER MOTHER IS A BRITISH ARTIST. HER FATHER, THE SON OF A
LEGENDARY GAMBIAN KORA PLAYER WHOSE GRIOT FAMILY PEDIGREE TRACES BACK TO THE 13th CENTURY. THOUGH HER PARENT'S RELATIONSHIP
DIDN'T LAST, SONA GREW UP IN BOTH WORLDS, THE UK AND HER GRANDFATHER'S FAMILY COMPOUND IN GAMBIA WHERE SHE SAYS HER
GRANDMOTHER URGED HER TO EMBRACE THE GRIOT HERITAGE, WHICH AS A GIRL MEANT SINGING. >> SHE KEPT TELLING ME, YOU HAVE
TO SING. I NEVER WANTED TO SING. I HATED SINGING WITH A PASSION. >> WHY?
YOU HAVE THE PERFECT VOICE. >> DIDN'T LIKE IT. NEVER LIKED IT. >> BUT YOUR GRANDMOTHER KNEW YOU
HAD A GREAT VOICE. >> I WAS A STUBBORN CHILD. >> BUT SHE WAS DRAWN TO THE KORA.
AS A LITTLE KID, NO ONE SEEMED TO MIND HER LEARNING SOME OF THE BASICS. SHE THINKS HER GRANDMOTHER MAY
HAVE EVEN LIKED THE IDEA. IN THE UK, THOUGH, SHE STUDIED A DIFFERENT MUSICAL TRADITION, CLASSICAL CELLO.
AND SHE EXCELLED. WINNING A SCHOLARSHIP AT AGE 14 TO A PRESTIGIOUS MUSIC BOARDING SCHOOL.
WERE YOU ONE OF THE VERY FEW BIRACIAL KIDS IN THE SCHOOL? >> THE ONLY PERSON OF COLOR IN THE FIRST SCHOOL.
>> THE ONLY PERSON? >> YES. I WAS INCREDIBLY SHY AS A STUDENT.
I NEVER TALKED. THAT'S MY ONLY WAY OF SURVIVING THOSE YEARS I WOULD SAY. >> WERE YOU SAD?
WAS IT A TOUGH TIME? >> YES, IT WAS A VERY TOUGH TIME, YEAH. HAPPINESS WAS NOT A MAJOR PART
OF IT. >> BUT SHE DID FIND ONE POINT OF CONNECTION TO HER LIFE IN THE GAMBIA.
>> THE LIBRARY IN THE SCHOOL HAD A KORA THERE HANGING ON THE WALL. SO I WOULD BE ALWAYS LOOKING AT
THIS THING. AND THEN ONE DAY I DECIDED TO TAKE IT OFF THE WALL. IT WAS A TOTAL MESS YOU CAN
IMAGINE. SO WHAT IT STARTED DOING IS EVERY TIME I GET A LITTLE TIME WHEN THE PLACE IS QUIET, TAKE IT
OFF THE WALL, FIX A STRING, PUT IT BACK. I WAS DOING IT HOPING NO ONE WOULD NOTICE.
I KEPT TAKING IT OFF THE WALL. THERE WAS ONE LADY WHO WAS ONE OF THE LATE NIGHT WORKERS AND SAID WHY DON'T YOU TAKE IT TO
YOUR ROOM AND KEEP IT THERE AND WORK ON IT? >> SHE'S YOUR HERO. >> IT BECAME MY SANITY.
>> AND HER CALLING AT 17 SHE DECIDED SHE NEEDED TO STUDY THE KORA PROPERLY WHICH MEANT TAKING A PERSONAL RISK,
APPEALING TO HER FATHER TO PASS THE TRADITION DOWN TO HER, HIS DAUGHTER, AS HIS FATHER HAD TO HIM.
THEY HADN'T SPENT MUCH TIME TOGETHER AS HE HAD BEEN LIVING AND PERFORMING MOSTLY ABROAD. FOR YEARS AND YEARS AND YEARS,
KORA PLAYING WAS PASSED FATHER TO SON. >> UH-HUH. >> FATHER TO SON.
>> EXACTLY. >> AND ALONG COMES YOUR DAUGHTER. >> YES.
>> SONA. DID SHE SAY, DAD, WILL YOU TEACH ME? >> YEAH.
SHE SAID WHAT I REALLY WANT TO LEARN IS THE KORA. >> BUT GIRLS DIDN'T PLAY THE KORA AT THAT POINT.
>> WHAT I TOLD HER I SAID, IF I CLOSE MY EYES I DON'T HAVE TO KNOW THE DIFFERENCE, A MAN OR -- >> OH.
>> IF YOU CAN DO THAT FOR ME. >> YOU IMMEDIATELY SAID OKAY. >> I IMMEDIATELY SAID OKAY. >> YOU NEVER HESITATED.
>> I NEVER HESITATED, NO. >> I DON'T WANT YOU TO GET DISTRACTED WITH THIS WHOLE IDEA OF BEING FEMALE.
DON'T LET IT GET IN YOUR HEAD. DON'T LET IT DISTRACT YOU. YOUR AMBITION NEEDS TO BE A GOOD KORA PLAYER, NOT A FEMALE KORA
PLAYER, JUST A GOOD KORA PLAYER. THAT WAS MY CHALLENGE AT THE BEGINNING. >> HOW HARD DID SHE WORK?
>> SHE WORKED VERY, VERY HARD. >> SHE STARTED PERFORMING, SOMETIMES WITH HER FATHER AND THEN WITH HER OWN BAND.
SHE GOT ACCEPTANCE FIRST IN EUROPE. ♪ AND THEN BACK IN THE GAMBIA WITH
A SONG AND VIDEO SHE RELEASED IN 2015 TO CELEBRATE 50 YEARS OF GAMBIAN INDEPENDENCE. IT'S BECOME THE COUNTRY'S
UNOFFICIAL NATIONAL ANTHEM WITH MORE THAN 24 MILLION VIEWS ON YOUTUBE. MINUS THE DANCERS, WE FOUND THE
GAMBIA MUCH AS SONA'S VIDEO DEPICTED IT. A TINY COUNTRY ON AFRICA'S WEST COAST, IT'S A FORMER BRITISH
COLONY THAT'S PREDOMINANTLY MUSLIM, PRECOLONIAL CULTURE RUNS DEEP HERE. SONA JOBARTEH'S NAME AND
HERITAGE CARRY WEIGHT. AND SHE'S LEANING INTO THAT ANCIENT GRIOT ROLE OF CULTURAL LEADER TO ADVOCATE FOR WHAT SHE
CALLS HER PURPOSE IN LIFE OUTSIDE MUSIC, CREATING A NEW MODEL OF AFRICAN EDUCATION. SHE HAS FOUNDED A SMALL SCHOOL
CALLED THE GAMBIA ACADEMY, WHERE STUDENTS STUDY DANCE, DRUMMING, KORA, OF COURSE, AND ANOTHER TRADITIONAL GRIOT INSTRUMENT
CALLED THE BALAFON. >> THE MUSIC GETS THE MOST ATTENTION BECAUSE EVERYONE SEES IT AND LIKES IT AND ENJOYS IT.
BUT THEY'RE LEARNING ALL THE SAME SUBJECTS AS ANY OTHER SCHOOL, MATH, SCIENCE, GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, ALL THESE
THINGS. HOWEVER, HOW IS THAT IMPARTED TO YOU? >> SO THIS MEANS WHAT?
>> SONA BELIEVES MOST EDUCATION IN AFRICA HAS BEEN SO DEEPLY ROOTED IN COLONIAL MODELS THAT ITS MESSAGE TO CHILDREN IS THAT
THEIR OWN LEGACY IS SOMEHOW BACK WARD. >> SO THEY FAIL TO DO THINGS IMPROPER.
SO THEY'LL DO IT THIS WAY. THIS WAY IS VERY MUCH A EUROPEAN WAY. MY CHALLENGE IS NOW CAN YOU GET
THE SAME OUTPUT, SUCCESSFUL OUTPUT, IF WE ACTUALLY CREATE, CHANGE THE CULTURAL ORIENTATION AT THE HEART AND CENTER OF THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM. >> FROM YOUR ELBOW TO YOUR FINGER SHOULD BE A STRAIGHT LINE, HUH?
>> SO THE STUDENTS HERE WEAR TRADITIONAL AFRICAN UNIFORMS. >> THE HAND, OKAY. SEVEN, EIGHT.
♪ >> AND GAMBIAN CULTURE IS CELEBRATED. ROHI AND BORI HAVE BEEN COMING
TO THE SCHOOL SINCE IT OPENED SEVEN YEARS AGO. HERE THERE ARE NO RESTRICTIONS BY GENDER OR PEDIGREE.
ROHI IS LEARNING TO PLAY THE KORA AND BORI IS IN THE ADVANCED BALAFON CLASS. >> I LIKE IT.
IT MAKES ME FEEL VERY HAPPY WHEN I'M PLAYING. >> ARE YOU GRIOT? >> NO.
>> AND YOU'RE FEMALE. LOOK AT YOU BOTH LAUGHING
BECAUSE YOU KNOW WHAT I'M TALKING ABOUT. >> YEAH. >> YEAH.
>> WON'T THAT BE AWFULLY DIFFICULT? >> YOU KNOW WHAT A MAN CAN DO, A WOMAN ALSO CAN DO IT.
SO I'M NOT FROM A GRIOT FAMILY, BUT I LOVE TO PLAY KORA. WHEN YOU LOVE SOMETHING, YOU CAN DO IT.
>> ARE YOU GETTING PUSHBACK FROM WITHIN THE SOCIETY? >> YES, OF COURSE. ESPECIALLY FROM THE OLDER
GENERATION, BUT IT DOESN'T MATTER. ♪ >> SONA'S FIRST ALBUM WAS A MIX
OF TRADITIONAL AND NEW SONGS. HER LATEST, WHICH WE SAW HER REHEARSING WITH HER BAND, IS ALL ORIGINAL MUSIC.
SHE WRITES ALL THE PARTS HERSELF, INCLUDING SONGS ABOUT EDUCATION, WOMEN AND HER OWN IDENTITY.
AND SHE SINGS THEM IN MANDINKA. ♪ >> FOR ME, WHEN I SING IN MY OWN LANGUAGE, THE LANGUAGE THAT
BELONGS TO THE GAMBIA, THERE IS -- I'M GIVING YOU A SENSE OF PRIDE THAT YOU NEVER HAVE BEFORE.
THAT YOUR LANGUAGE IS AS VALUABLE. ♪ WHEN I CAN GO TO AN
INTERNATIONAL AUDIENCE AND I CAN HAVE THE WHOLE AUDIENCE IN GERMANY, SPAIN, AMERICA, ALL OVER THE WORLD, AND THEY'RE
SINGING MANDINKA -- ♪ >> THE POWER SHE SAYS OF MUSIC. >> IT BECOMES A UNIVERSAL
LANGUAGE. I CAN TALK WITH ANYBODY FROM ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD USING MUSIC.
I CAN'T DO THAT IN ANY OTHER FORM. ♪ >> AND SHE'S DOING ONE MORE
THING. ♪ PASSING THE TRADITION DOWN TO HER 15-YEAR-OLD SON SIDIKI, A
TALENTED BALAFON PLAYER. AND NEXT LINK FROM THE GRIOT PAST TO ITS FUTURE. YOU HAD SAID TO HER, WHEN I
CLOSE MY EYES, I DON'T WANT TO HEAR A FEMALE -- >> NO. >> KORA PLAYER, I WANT TO HEAR A
GREAT -- >> KORA PLAYER, YEAH. >> CLOSE YOUR EYES AND TELL US WHAT YOU HEAR.
>> I HEAR A GREAT, GREAT, GREAT KORA PLAYER. ♪ >> I'M VERY, VERY PROUD,
DEFINITELY. >> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
>> THE COMPLEXITIES OF PLAYING THE KORA -- >> >>> THE LAST MINUTE OF "60
MINUTES" IS SPONSORED BY UNITED HEALTH CARE. GET MEDICARE WITH MORE. >>> AROUND THE WORLD LAST NIGHT
OR THIS MORNING CHRISTIANS HEARD THE GOSPEL STORY OF THE HEAVENLY HOST APPEARING TO SHEPHERDS AND SINGING THE PROMISE OF "PEACE ON
EARTH." THAT GOT US WONDERING ABOUT THE STATE OF PEACE ON EARTH. HOW MUCH PEACE IS THERE ON THIS
CHRISTMAS NIGHT? THERE'S NO PEACE IN UKRAINE WHERE THE WORLD'S BEST KNOWN REPORTED WAR WAGES ON.
BUT IT'S JUST ONE OF SOME 15 WARS AND OTHER ACTIONS EACH OF WHICH HAS CLAIMED MORE THAN 1,000 LIVES THIS YEAR ACCORDING
TO THE WORLD POPULATION REVIEW. THERE'S AN INSURGENCY IN IRAQ AND DRUG WARS IN MEXICO AND COLUMBIA.
YOU CAN FIND PEACE ON EARTH TONIGHT IN MANY PLACES, BUT FOR MILLIONS OF PEOPLE LIVING IN THE CONFLICT ZONES WHERE WAR RAGES
ON, A PRAYER FOR PEACE MAY BE IN ORDER.