1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:02:27,640 --> 00:02:28,839 Okay, guys. Come on! 4 00:02:30,118 --> 00:02:32,155 Separate the officers for interrogation. 5 00:03:41,837 --> 00:03:43,116 l'll be damned. 6 00:03:45,992 --> 00:03:48,629 General Spaatz, we meet at last. 7 00:03:50,907 --> 00:03:52,625 Reichsmarschall Goring. 8 00:03:52,905 --> 00:03:54,663 My wife. My daughter. 9 00:03:55,941 --> 00:03:59,337 Your Eighth Air Force has destroyed my beautiful Luftwaffe and... 10 00:03:59,417 --> 00:04:01,255 ...leveled our beautiful cities. 11 00:04:01,335 --> 00:04:05,170 Even so, l prefer to surrender to a fellow airman. 12 00:04:11,803 --> 00:04:12,882 Gentlemen. 13 00:04:13,242 --> 00:04:14,240 May l? 14 00:04:20,632 --> 00:04:24,028 ''The stars at night are big and bright 15 00:04:24,988 --> 00:04:27,585 ''Deep in the heart of Texas 16 00:04:28,543 --> 00:04:31,981 ''The prairie sky is wide and high 17 00:04:32,900 --> 00:04:35,456 ''Deep in the heart of Texas 18 00:04:36,455 --> 00:04:39,812 ''The sage in bloom is like perfume 19 00:04:40,890 --> 00:04:43,168 ''Deep in the heart of Texas'' 20 00:04:54,875 --> 00:04:56,153 Unbelievable. 21 00:04:58,191 --> 00:04:59,270 Unbelievable. 22 00:05:00,269 --> 00:05:02,786 Those pictures were on every wire service. 23 00:05:03,025 --> 00:05:06,861 American officers throwing a party for Hitler's Number Two man. 24 00:05:07,220 --> 00:05:09,018 What was the commander thinking? 25 00:05:09,098 --> 00:05:12,734 l'm told that it's a code of honor among airmen that transcends politics. 26 00:05:13,173 --> 00:05:16,489 - And brains, apparently. - The commander was reprimanded. 27 00:05:16,689 --> 00:05:20,566 lke has ordered that Goring be treated no differently than any other prisoner. 28 00:05:21,565 --> 00:05:22,604 Excuse me. 29 00:05:23,642 --> 00:05:26,999 l finagled some real coffee from the Chief Justice's office. 30 00:05:30,155 --> 00:05:32,992 Elsie's the best scavenger in the entire building. 31 00:05:34,150 --> 00:05:36,268 You shouldn't have gone to such trouble. 32 00:05:36,308 --> 00:05:39,784 Coffee's no trouble. Now a set of tires, that's another story. 33 00:05:43,820 --> 00:05:45,857 l still can't believe he's gone. 34 00:05:48,134 --> 00:05:51,011 For me, it was like losing a father. Truly. 35 00:05:52,809 --> 00:05:54,887 Whatever l have, whatever l am... 36 00:05:55,446 --> 00:05:56,964 ...it's because of Roosevelt. 37 00:05:57,644 --> 00:06:01,079 l was in London, seeing Churchill, when the news came. 38 00:06:02,118 --> 00:06:06,034 With the end of the war in sight, the President sent me as his confidant... 39 00:06:06,115 --> 00:06:08,791 ...to discuss a rather tricky subject. 40 00:06:09,910 --> 00:06:12,388 What to do with captured Nazi leaders? 41 00:06:13,986 --> 00:06:15,864 What was Churchill's opinion? 42 00:06:15,983 --> 00:06:16,942 He said: 43 00:06:17,142 --> 00:06:20,658 ''They should be summarily shot for crimes against humanity.'' 44 00:06:23,015 --> 00:06:24,533 What's your opinion? 45 00:06:25,013 --> 00:06:28,369 lf it's a crime for the Nazis to shoot people without a trial... 46 00:06:28,450 --> 00:06:31,246 ...how could it be less so for us to do the same thing? 47 00:06:31,325 --> 00:06:33,244 That's Truman's feeling, exactly. 48 00:06:33,523 --> 00:06:35,681 And Churchill now shares that view. 49 00:06:35,921 --> 00:06:37,918 Surprisingly enough, so does Stalin. 50 00:06:38,038 --> 00:06:40,196 You're talking about a war crimes trial... 51 00:06:40,276 --> 00:06:43,712 ...which they attempted after the last war, and it completely unraveled. 52 00:06:43,951 --> 00:06:45,470 Because it had no weight. 53 00:06:45,550 --> 00:06:49,305 This will be an international tribunal, comprised of the four powers: 54 00:06:49,465 --> 00:06:51,702 America, England, France and Russia. 55 00:06:52,022 --> 00:06:55,619 President Truman wants the best prosecutor in the country. 56 00:06:56,178 --> 00:06:59,694 One with a reputation for being tough, but impartial. 57 00:07:00,654 --> 00:07:02,011 He wants you, Bob. 58 00:07:06,247 --> 00:07:08,524 l haven't prosecuted a case in years. 59 00:07:09,123 --> 00:07:13,638 Roosevelt chose you for the Supreme Court because of your integrity as a prosecutor. 60 00:07:14,478 --> 00:07:17,953 That's why Truman picked you for this. Because he wants a fair trial. 61 00:07:18,073 --> 00:07:19,591 Not a legal lynching. 62 00:07:20,071 --> 00:07:21,589 l like it right here, Sam. 63 00:07:21,669 --> 00:07:23,787 This would mean l would have to step down. 64 00:07:24,106 --> 00:07:28,141 A temporary leave of absence. You'd be back in six months, maybe seven. 65 00:07:28,701 --> 00:07:32,976 ls the President aware of the fact that l'm opposed to the death penalty? 66 00:07:33,056 --> 00:07:36,971 Yes. But he's not concerned, because he knows you'll do whatever is right. 67 00:07:37,451 --> 00:07:40,328 As you know, a fair trial means an uncertain outcome. 68 00:07:40,408 --> 00:07:42,606 lf we don't prove the defendants' guilt... 69 00:07:42,646 --> 00:07:45,803 ...they'd walk, even if we could smell the blood on their hands. 70 00:07:45,882 --> 00:07:48,839 - Do the Allied powers understand that? - Truman does. 71 00:07:50,317 --> 00:07:52,834 You'll have a chance to make it clear to them. 72 00:07:52,914 --> 00:07:55,431 The trial is yours to create, Bob. 73 00:07:55,511 --> 00:07:59,466 You get to set the rules, hire the staff, find the setting. 74 00:08:00,146 --> 00:08:02,343 You even get to pick the defendants. 75 00:08:06,060 --> 00:08:08,376 This trial could unravel, too... 76 00:08:09,495 --> 00:08:12,691 ...like the last attempt, if it is poorly planned... 77 00:08:13,131 --> 00:08:16,168 ...if it is unsound, legally or morally. 78 00:08:18,805 --> 00:08:23,319 Or it could establish a basis for conduct among nations... 79 00:08:24,318 --> 00:08:27,315 ...that would alter history for generations to come. 80 00:08:34,947 --> 00:08:36,945 The trial will be held in Germany. 81 00:08:37,064 --> 00:08:40,781 That's where the defendants are, the evidence, witnesses. 82 00:08:41,300 --> 00:08:43,457 Are there any decent hotels still standing? 83 00:08:43,538 --> 00:08:47,253 l don't relish the idea of spending months in some dreary army base. 84 00:08:48,651 --> 00:08:50,849 You won't have to worry about that. 85 00:08:51,329 --> 00:08:54,365 No wives allowed at Army's request. Bad for morale. 86 00:08:54,444 --> 00:08:56,922 All those men over there for years without their-- 87 00:08:56,961 --> 00:08:58,760 You don't want me there, fine. 88 00:08:58,800 --> 00:09:01,277 l'll be downstairs, whenever you're ready. 89 00:09:08,948 --> 00:09:11,585 Eighteen minus three. 90 00:09:12,105 --> 00:09:13,143 Fifteen. 91 00:09:16,419 --> 00:09:19,297 Fifteen plus seven. 92 00:09:20,975 --> 00:09:21,974 Twenty-two. 93 00:09:25,530 --> 00:09:28,087 Nine minus nine... 94 00:09:32,083 --> 00:09:35,079 Good morning, General Spaatz. 95 00:09:37,716 --> 00:09:40,952 l'm afraid l have to ask you to get dressed and pack for travel. 96 00:09:40,992 --> 00:09:42,710 Where are you moving us? 97 00:09:43,789 --> 00:09:45,188 Only the Reichsmarschall. 98 00:09:46,106 --> 00:09:48,264 You're being transferred to Bad Mondorf. 99 00:09:48,304 --> 00:09:52,100 Well, you know, it's a very pleasant spa, but why must l go alone? 100 00:09:54,417 --> 00:09:57,813 Because that's where they're rounding up German war criminals. 101 00:09:58,851 --> 00:09:59,850 No! 102 00:10:03,366 --> 00:10:04,365 No. 103 00:10:05,124 --> 00:10:06,603 l'm sorry about that. 104 00:10:07,202 --> 00:10:08,402 Get dressed, please. 105 00:10:09,960 --> 00:10:11,359 You must be brave. 106 00:10:12,957 --> 00:10:14,116 Very, very brave. 107 00:10:14,355 --> 00:10:16,233 Edda, you will? 108 00:10:31,495 --> 00:10:34,811 We know who you are, Mr. ''Jew Butcher of Krakow.'' 109 00:10:34,892 --> 00:10:37,888 And we've seen the camps, too! Nazi bastard! 110 00:10:41,843 --> 00:10:44,480 l must say that l was lucky when the Arms Ministry... 111 00:10:44,561 --> 00:10:46,718 ...was destroyed in an air raid in 1943. 112 00:10:46,798 --> 00:10:49,275 lt rid me of useless paperwork and pencil pushers. 113 00:10:50,953 --> 00:10:51,952 Sir! 114 00:10:52,112 --> 00:10:56,109 What do you think was the single most effective thing you did during the war? 115 00:10:56,348 --> 00:10:58,945 When Hitler appointed me his Minister of Armaments... 116 00:10:59,025 --> 00:11:02,382 ...l threw out the military chiefs and turned to the professionals. 117 00:11:02,461 --> 00:11:04,299 lndustrialists and engineers. 118 00:11:05,896 --> 00:11:08,295 Then l borrowed the ideas of Walter Rathenau... 119 00:11:08,374 --> 00:11:11,691 ...the great Jewish chief of the German economy during the last war. 120 00:11:11,770 --> 00:11:13,568 Standardization of parts... 121 00:11:14,047 --> 00:11:17,284 ...the division of labor, and the maximum use of the assembly line. 122 00:11:18,243 --> 00:11:19,441 Thank you, Dr. Speer. 123 00:11:19,522 --> 00:11:21,439 Gentlemen, we'll now break for lunch. 124 00:11:25,435 --> 00:11:26,793 Dr. Albert Speer. 125 00:11:27,991 --> 00:11:29,071 Obviously. 126 00:11:29,430 --> 00:11:32,067 You're under arrest for major war crimes. 127 00:11:39,619 --> 00:11:42,535 Move aside. Pay attention. The orders are in. 128 00:11:44,093 --> 00:11:47,291 Listen up! You'll all be taken to different places of detention. 129 00:11:47,370 --> 00:11:49,767 The following prisoners will go to Bad Mondorf... 130 00:11:49,848 --> 00:11:52,684 ...as defendants in future war crimes trials. Step forward. 131 00:11:53,163 --> 00:11:55,122 Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel. 132 00:11:55,481 --> 00:11:57,319 Grand Admiral Karl Donitz. 133 00:11:57,519 --> 00:11:59,436 Colonel General Alfred Jodl. 134 00:11:59,956 --> 00:12:01,035 Follow me. 135 00:12:04,870 --> 00:12:08,905 l haven't left Washington since the war. l couldn't even remember how to pack. 136 00:12:08,946 --> 00:12:11,982 l was so worried about bringing the things for the office. 137 00:12:12,063 --> 00:12:14,059 l forgot half the things that l need. 138 00:12:14,140 --> 00:12:17,976 l've one set of nylons for the entire time and they already have a run. 139 00:12:18,175 --> 00:12:21,451 l even traded ration coupons with my friend so l could buy nylons. 140 00:12:21,531 --> 00:12:24,768 You are as jittery as a hen. What is the matter with you? 141 00:12:27,165 --> 00:12:29,323 l've never been up in an airplane before. 142 00:12:40,790 --> 00:12:42,548 - Good morning, Robert. - John. 143 00:12:42,588 --> 00:12:43,707 - Bob. - Tom. 144 00:12:44,546 --> 00:12:46,064 Robert, good morning. 145 00:12:46,145 --> 00:12:48,422 This is my chief secretary, Elsie Douglas. 146 00:12:48,501 --> 00:12:51,378 Elsie, this is Tom Dodd, who'll be Deputy Prosecutor. 147 00:12:51,698 --> 00:12:54,734 - lt's nice to finally meet you, Miss Douglas. - Pleasure. 148 00:12:54,814 --> 00:12:57,251 Colonel John Harlan Amen, Head of lnterrogations. 149 00:12:57,331 --> 00:12:58,290 Miss Douglas. 150 00:12:58,370 --> 00:13:01,806 Colonel Telford Taylor, our liaison with the other prosecuting teams. 151 00:13:01,886 --> 00:13:03,364 - Pleasure. - All mine. 152 00:13:03,564 --> 00:13:06,600 And Colonel Robert Storey, Head of Documents Division. 153 00:13:06,681 --> 00:13:08,159 Pleased to meet you, ma'am. 154 00:13:08,279 --> 00:13:10,036 Now that we're all here, let's go. 155 00:13:39,683 --> 00:13:42,281 So who are we really after? Military leaders? 156 00:13:42,401 --> 00:13:43,479 Political leaders? 157 00:13:43,559 --> 00:13:46,596 What about the bankers and industrialists who funded the Nazis? 158 00:13:46,676 --> 00:13:49,992 What about the soldiers and civilians who carried out the atrocities? 159 00:13:50,072 --> 00:13:52,029 We can't put the whole country on trial. 160 00:13:52,070 --> 00:13:54,267 We need to suggest the scope of the crimes. 161 00:13:54,347 --> 00:13:56,504 l want this trial to be the first of many. 162 00:13:56,585 --> 00:13:59,460 How about choosing a symbolic figurehead from each category? 163 00:13:59,541 --> 00:14:01,219 We cover the whole spectrum. 164 00:14:01,259 --> 00:14:04,095 - That way no one group gets off scot-free. - Makes sense. 165 00:14:04,136 --> 00:14:08,531 lf we win, we can keep prosecuting Nazis till the cows come home. 166 00:14:08,571 --> 00:14:11,008 Remember, we may also fail to win convictions... 167 00:14:11,089 --> 00:14:14,405 ...in which case, some or all of the defendants could go free. 168 00:14:14,485 --> 00:14:17,401 l'm still wrestling with the validity of this trial. 169 00:14:18,121 --> 00:14:21,317 Crimes committed during war have never been called crimes. 170 00:14:21,877 --> 00:14:25,312 Let's focus on existing law. What existing laws did the Nazis break? 171 00:14:25,393 --> 00:14:30,266 Well, they broke peace and border treaties, certainly Geneva and Hague Convention. 172 00:14:30,307 --> 00:14:31,106 Right. 173 00:14:31,226 --> 00:14:33,743 Every time they invaded a country, they broke a law. 174 00:14:33,823 --> 00:14:37,259 My fear is that at the end of the day, when all is said and done... 175 00:14:37,778 --> 00:14:42,093 ...this trial will be perceived as nothing more than triumph of superior might. 176 00:14:42,413 --> 00:14:45,050 The winners exacting punishment on the losers. 177 00:14:45,689 --> 00:14:49,924 Our task is to make sure that this is not the triumph of superior might... 178 00:14:49,964 --> 00:14:54,399 ...but the triumph of superior morality. We're in a very interesting position here. 179 00:14:54,719 --> 00:14:57,915 We are in a position to fashion a future in which aggressive war... 180 00:14:57,955 --> 00:15:00,354 ...will be dealt with as a crime. 181 00:15:01,312 --> 00:15:02,470 Here, here. 182 00:15:32,117 --> 00:15:33,275 Move it! Let's go! 183 00:15:33,355 --> 00:15:36,272 Over there! Line them over there! Come on, let's go! 184 00:15:45,502 --> 00:15:46,500 Corporal. 185 00:15:47,301 --> 00:15:49,737 New arrivals, identify yourselves. 186 00:15:50,217 --> 00:15:53,613 - Fritz Sauckel, sir. - Head of Labor Conscription. 187 00:15:53,733 --> 00:15:54,891 Former head. 188 00:15:54,972 --> 00:15:57,688 - Julius Streicher. - Publisher of... 189 00:15:57,849 --> 00:15:59,806 - l can't pronounce it. - Der Strumer. 190 00:15:59,926 --> 00:16:00,845 lt's filth. 191 00:16:01,084 --> 00:16:03,882 You bankers are all Jews, you think l don't know that? 192 00:16:03,921 --> 00:16:06,558 - Shut up. - Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht... 193 00:16:06,639 --> 00:16:09,954 ...formerly President of the Reichsbank and Minister of the Economy. 194 00:16:10,035 --> 00:16:12,631 l do not understand why l have been accused here. 195 00:16:12,711 --> 00:16:15,748 l'm your jailer, not your lawyer. You'll get your day in court. 196 00:16:15,828 --> 00:16:16,986 Hans Fritzsche. 197 00:16:17,066 --> 00:16:20,343 Chief of Radio Operations in the Nazi Propaganda Ministry. 198 00:16:22,021 --> 00:16:24,697 Rudolf Hess, former Deputy Fuhrer. 199 00:16:24,897 --> 00:16:25,856 Hess. 200 00:16:26,176 --> 00:16:28,733 - You. - Joachim von Ribbentrop. 201 00:16:30,610 --> 00:16:32,209 Nazi Foreign Minister. 202 00:16:33,168 --> 00:16:34,166 You. 203 00:16:34,246 --> 00:16:37,364 Colonel, this is Dr. Robert Ley, head of the German Labor Front. 204 00:16:37,443 --> 00:16:39,201 - You're Albert Speer. - Yes, sir. 205 00:16:39,242 --> 00:16:42,119 - What's wrong with him? - His mind's not what it used to be. 206 00:16:42,198 --> 00:16:45,914 - He's a drunk, it finally caught up with him. - l said, ''Shut up! '' 207 00:16:46,593 --> 00:16:47,592 Colonel. 208 00:16:48,072 --> 00:16:52,746 This man, Streicher, is a disgusting person. A pornographer and a Jew-baiter. 209 00:16:53,186 --> 00:16:56,222 - l do not wish to be housed with him. - We make no distinctions. 210 00:16:56,302 --> 00:16:57,301 Colonel. 211 00:16:58,020 --> 00:17:00,417 We respectfully protest our arrest. 212 00:17:00,577 --> 00:17:03,094 We were only following orders, nothing more. 213 00:17:03,574 --> 00:17:06,291 As a fellow soldier, surely you must understand. 214 00:17:18,198 --> 00:17:20,194 Now you're no longer a soldier. 215 00:17:20,475 --> 00:17:22,632 You are all war criminals. 216 00:17:23,071 --> 00:17:24,871 All of you! Lock them up. 217 00:17:26,588 --> 00:17:28,067 Nazi bastards! 218 00:17:28,586 --> 00:17:30,065 Where's the guard? 219 00:17:43,490 --> 00:17:46,886 Reichsmarschall Hermann Goring at your service, sir. 220 00:17:47,244 --> 00:17:50,601 You are in the United States Army Stockade at Bad Mondorf. 221 00:17:53,798 --> 00:17:55,835 Did they tell you why you're here? 222 00:17:55,875 --> 00:17:58,991 Because we lost the war. l assume, to be shot or hanged. 223 00:17:59,072 --> 00:18:00,270 lt's up to the Court. 224 00:18:00,350 --> 00:18:03,147 l've heard of this Court. lts opinion doesn't concern me. 225 00:18:03,227 --> 00:18:06,143 The opinion of the German people is what really matters. 226 00:18:06,223 --> 00:18:07,581 - ls that so? - lt is so. 227 00:18:08,061 --> 00:18:11,537 History will show that everything l did was for the greater German Reich. 228 00:18:11,657 --> 00:18:15,413 There will be statues of Hermann Goring all over Germany in 50 years. 229 00:18:15,533 --> 00:18:17,851 Little statues, perhaps, but one in every home. 230 00:18:19,329 --> 00:18:20,968 You're fat as a house. 231 00:18:21,566 --> 00:18:23,843 Starting right now, l'm putting you on a diet. 232 00:18:23,884 --> 00:18:26,561 You will be mentally and physically fit to stand trial. 233 00:18:44,300 --> 00:18:45,299 Captain. 234 00:18:45,858 --> 00:18:46,857 Colonel. 235 00:18:47,177 --> 00:18:48,735 - Who is it? - Hans Frank, sir. 236 00:18:48,935 --> 00:18:50,773 Tried to cut his wrists and throat. 237 00:18:50,853 --> 00:18:53,210 They stopped him before he could do any damage. 238 00:18:53,250 --> 00:18:55,048 ''The Jew Butcher of Krakow.'' 239 00:18:55,527 --> 00:18:58,005 Take him to the infirmary, have him checked out. 240 00:18:58,044 --> 00:19:00,523 l want a four-man watch on him around the clock. 241 00:19:00,562 --> 00:19:02,320 - On the double. - Yes, sir. 242 00:19:02,721 --> 00:19:05,716 - Good work, Captain. What's your name? - Gilbert, sir. 243 00:19:05,877 --> 00:19:08,993 - You and your men want to chow with us? - Thank you, sir. 244 00:19:09,952 --> 00:19:11,910 - You a surgeon? - Psychologist. 245 00:19:24,376 --> 00:19:27,013 What we are faced with, or so it appears... 246 00:19:27,292 --> 00:19:30,728 ...is the secular equivalent of drafting the Ten Commandments. 247 00:19:31,048 --> 00:19:35,962 Each nation has its criminal statutes, but for the world at large, none exist. 248 00:19:36,042 --> 00:19:37,520 None are necessary. 249 00:19:37,720 --> 00:19:41,875 We're trying war criminals whose guilt is unquestioned by our governments. 250 00:19:41,956 --> 00:19:46,151 lf we're going to have a trial, it must be based on law. lt must be a fair-- 251 00:19:46,230 --> 00:19:49,388 lt must only determine degree of guilt and appropriate punishment. 252 00:19:49,467 --> 00:19:52,384 A completely fair trial with opposing counsel... 253 00:19:52,425 --> 00:19:54,702 ...direct examination and cross-examination. 254 00:19:54,741 --> 00:19:55,660 Precisely. 255 00:19:55,701 --> 00:19:58,657 - Before judges that act as referees. - As in a sporting match? 256 00:19:58,698 --> 00:19:59,776 Pain in the butt. 257 00:19:59,976 --> 00:20:02,692 - That's not how it's done in my country. - Nor in France. 258 00:20:02,812 --> 00:20:05,329 Lawyers merely help the accused prepare a defense. 259 00:20:05,689 --> 00:20:07,966 They have little role in the court itself. 260 00:20:08,046 --> 00:20:12,402 ln the U.S., a defendant is entitled to his lawyer's most aggressive representation. 261 00:20:12,481 --> 00:20:13,680 Yes. As in Britain. 262 00:20:14,719 --> 00:20:17,715 You would allow a man such as Ernst Kaltenbrunner... 263 00:20:18,035 --> 00:20:20,672 ...responsible for the Gestapo, concentration camps... 264 00:20:21,031 --> 00:20:23,349 ...for killing millions of innocent people... 265 00:20:23,389 --> 00:20:26,505 ...to stand before a court of law and declare himself not guilty? 266 00:20:26,985 --> 00:20:29,302 That is precisely what we would allow. 267 00:20:29,861 --> 00:20:34,536 Twenty million of my people were killed by these fascist criminals! 268 00:20:35,695 --> 00:20:38,573 Half of them civilians, killed without mercy! 269 00:20:42,008 --> 00:20:44,845 How many died in Washington this way, Mr. Justice Jackson? 270 00:20:56,152 --> 00:20:58,669 lt occurs to me that perhaps separate trials... 271 00:20:58,710 --> 00:21:02,185 ...might be the most satisfactory way to reconcile our differences. 272 00:21:02,824 --> 00:21:05,941 The U.S. and the British along with the French, if they choose... 273 00:21:06,021 --> 00:21:09,657 ...will conduct a trial with the Nazis that we currently have in captivity. 274 00:21:09,736 --> 00:21:13,053 Kaltenbrunner, Frank, Speer, Goring... 275 00:21:14,131 --> 00:21:18,606 The Russians, of course, would be free to hold their own trial with the ones that... 276 00:21:18,687 --> 00:21:19,885 ...you have on hand. 277 00:21:31,233 --> 00:21:33,431 There is no need to be so impulsive. 278 00:21:33,910 --> 00:21:35,948 We are, after all, allies. 279 00:21:36,387 --> 00:21:38,624 We must try to bridge our differences. 280 00:21:38,705 --> 00:21:41,181 At least the prosecution is a unified group now... 281 00:21:41,261 --> 00:21:44,897 ...even if we did compromise with the French and let the judges be the jury. 282 00:21:44,978 --> 00:21:48,972 l must say, your neat little trump card turned Comrade General into a pussycat. 283 00:21:49,013 --> 00:21:52,169 l didn't enjoy playing it. l didn't want to sandbag the poor guy. 284 00:21:52,248 --> 00:21:54,207 l would've preferred to convince him. 285 00:21:54,246 --> 00:21:57,083 The old boy was quite convinced by your subtle reminder... 286 00:21:57,163 --> 00:22:01,598 ...that we've got most of the big Nazi fish, while they only have a couple of minnows. 287 00:22:07,112 --> 00:22:09,709 Nonetheless, l couldn't argue with his point. 288 00:22:09,909 --> 00:22:13,185 My country was spared the worst of it. No bombed-out cities. 289 00:22:14,025 --> 00:22:16,862 No slaughtered children. l couldn't begin to know. 290 00:22:18,859 --> 00:22:20,698 How can you look at all this... 291 00:22:20,777 --> 00:22:24,014 ...and still want to guarantee these men a vigorous defense? 292 00:22:24,094 --> 00:22:26,291 l want to put National Socialism on trial. 293 00:22:26,690 --> 00:22:28,808 So they'll incriminate themselves. 294 00:22:30,206 --> 00:22:32,883 Besides, l don't want this to happen again. 295 00:22:36,639 --> 00:22:39,515 There's no question, you're the undisputed leader in this. 296 00:22:39,596 --> 00:22:41,034 Today proved that. 297 00:22:41,673 --> 00:22:45,589 When we finish our work here, go to Germany, find a place for the trial. 298 00:22:46,388 --> 00:22:48,506 lf anything still exists, that is. 299 00:23:30,059 --> 00:23:31,976 Robert, l can't believe this. 300 00:23:32,536 --> 00:23:37,051 My brother came here as a college student. l still have the picture book he brought me. 301 00:23:37,130 --> 00:23:40,007 lt was nothing like this. This isn't even the same city. 302 00:23:40,047 --> 00:23:43,124 There were medieval bridges and gingerbread houses. 303 00:23:43,523 --> 00:23:46,760 This was also the site of some of Hitler's biggest rallies. 304 00:23:46,839 --> 00:23:49,876 Nuremberg was the spiritual center of the Third Reich. 305 00:23:51,075 --> 00:23:55,032 What are the odds of finding the housing we'll need for the thousands of people... 306 00:23:55,071 --> 00:23:56,509 ...who'll attend the trial? 307 00:23:56,589 --> 00:23:57,988 Army guarantees it. 308 00:23:58,227 --> 00:24:01,224 Parts of this city were untouched by the bombings. 309 00:24:01,303 --> 00:24:03,501 There's hundreds of fine houses. Some vacant. 310 00:24:03,582 --> 00:24:05,938 Others whose owners are desperate for money. 311 00:24:06,019 --> 00:24:07,377 What's that smell? 312 00:24:07,576 --> 00:24:10,453 There's still around 30,000 bodies trapped under the rubble. 313 00:24:11,892 --> 00:24:13,131 - Ready? - Yeah. 314 00:24:13,210 --> 00:24:14,289 Follow me. 315 00:24:22,160 --> 00:24:24,118 The grand old Palace of Justice. 316 00:24:24,157 --> 00:24:26,315 A landmark in more ways than one. 317 00:24:26,395 --> 00:24:29,232 lt took five bomb hits, but just shrugged them off. 318 00:24:29,351 --> 00:24:31,589 Attention! 319 00:24:35,545 --> 00:24:38,621 The courtroom's upstairs. Offices, that whole wing there. 320 00:24:39,020 --> 00:24:42,018 And behind that wall, all the jail cells you'll need. 321 00:24:47,892 --> 00:24:49,250 Right this way. 322 00:24:50,848 --> 00:24:53,325 Justice Jackson, the courtroom. 323 00:25:00,117 --> 00:25:01,476 This is a mess. 324 00:25:02,355 --> 00:25:03,834 lt'll take a lot of work. 325 00:25:03,873 --> 00:25:05,911 - A lot of work. - But it's doable. 326 00:25:06,750 --> 00:25:07,749 Bob? 327 00:25:12,624 --> 00:25:14,142 The Ten Commandments. 328 00:25:17,018 --> 00:25:20,614 The Ten Commandments, in the place where the Nuremberg Laws were decreed... 329 00:25:20,694 --> 00:25:23,491 ...that deprived all German Jews of their rights. 330 00:25:27,007 --> 00:25:27,887 This is it. 331 00:25:28,446 --> 00:25:30,324 This is the place to hold the trial. 332 00:25:30,364 --> 00:25:34,160 Give me the word. l'll have General Patton move in 15,000 German POWs... 333 00:25:34,239 --> 00:25:36,357 ...and start cleaning up the whole city. 334 00:25:36,477 --> 00:25:38,274 l'm giving you that word right now. 335 00:25:38,754 --> 00:25:41,072 Captain Kiley, what do you think? 336 00:25:43,829 --> 00:25:45,866 l'll need to double the size of the courtroom. 337 00:25:45,945 --> 00:25:49,941 l'll have to take out that rear wall and cut into the attic for a visitor's gallery. 338 00:25:50,021 --> 00:25:53,018 - l saw some terrific seats in an old theater. - Great. 339 00:25:53,097 --> 00:25:56,174 The chandelier has got to go. Fluorescent's more practical... 340 00:25:56,254 --> 00:25:59,690 The Palace of Justice is going to see justice once again. 341 00:26:00,090 --> 00:26:02,807 Sir, this was just forwarded from the base. 342 00:26:03,166 --> 00:26:07,321 - Thank you very much, Sergeant... - Fuchs. Morris Fuchs, Brooklyn, New York. 343 00:26:07,482 --> 00:26:11,277 Well, l knew it wasn't Wisconsin with that accent, Fuchs. Thank you. 344 00:26:16,273 --> 00:26:18,749 President Truman wants to appoint Francis Biddle... 345 00:26:18,829 --> 00:26:20,667 ...as the U.S. judge for the trial. 346 00:26:20,747 --> 00:26:21,946 Are you serious? 347 00:26:22,145 --> 00:26:25,022 He fired Biddle as Attorney General. Why would he do that? 348 00:26:25,102 --> 00:26:26,860 Guilt, maybe. Probably. 349 00:26:27,100 --> 00:26:30,935 - l guess, it's this instead of a gold watch. - How do you feel about that? 350 00:26:31,095 --> 00:26:34,132 Read Truman's wording: ''Unless you have a problem with this.'' 351 00:26:34,211 --> 00:26:36,649 - Which means-- - ''Don't have a problem with this.'' 352 00:26:36,689 --> 00:26:39,525 l've got to go back to Washington and brief Truman anyway. 353 00:26:39,605 --> 00:26:42,282 l can stop in Philadelphia along the way and... 354 00:26:42,402 --> 00:26:44,879 ...try to cajole Biddle to become a team player. 355 00:26:44,960 --> 00:26:46,317 When do we leave? 356 00:26:50,153 --> 00:26:54,069 l need you to stay here, set up our office, and find us a place to stay. 357 00:26:55,388 --> 00:26:59,622 - Make those decisions without you? - That'll be fine. l trust you. 358 00:27:10,091 --> 00:27:11,090 Bob? 359 00:27:16,204 --> 00:27:18,721 When your name is called, get your ass on the truck. 360 00:27:21,518 --> 00:27:26,312 When you board the plane, get a seat by the window, dear boy. 361 00:27:27,712 --> 00:27:30,468 lt maybe the last view we have of the fatherland. 362 00:27:42,494 --> 00:27:45,291 l couldn't face going back into private practice. 363 00:27:45,491 --> 00:27:50,085 Not after all those years in Washington at the nerve center of the country, the war. 364 00:27:52,243 --> 00:27:54,642 What is the current status in Nuremberg? 365 00:27:55,480 --> 00:27:58,117 We're gathering evidence, choosing defendants. 366 00:27:58,237 --> 00:28:00,195 We've settled on 22 men. 367 00:28:01,074 --> 00:28:04,311 We've narrowed our targets to those who ran the concentration camps. 368 00:28:04,390 --> 00:28:05,869 Good thinking, splendid. 369 00:28:05,949 --> 00:28:09,304 The ones who gathered the slave labor, as well as those that used it. 370 00:28:09,345 --> 00:28:10,822 Absolutely right! 371 00:28:10,983 --> 00:28:15,298 The judges have a great deal of work ahead of them with the pretrial discoveries. 372 00:28:16,776 --> 00:28:19,892 Well, of course, you'll be there to guide me through it. 373 00:28:20,372 --> 00:28:22,450 l'm thrilled, Bob. lt's an honor. 374 00:28:23,248 --> 00:28:25,925 This means a great deal to me. 375 00:28:29,082 --> 00:28:33,238 Am l safe in calling the President and telling him you've signed off on me? 376 00:28:33,397 --> 00:28:36,233 That l'm approved as Chief American Judge? 377 00:28:38,671 --> 00:28:40,868 l'll arrange your flight this week. 378 00:28:41,388 --> 00:28:44,585 We need you there as quickly as possible. We need to gear up fast. 379 00:28:44,625 --> 00:28:46,104 The trial's in one month. 380 00:28:47,102 --> 00:28:49,180 We'll have dessert in Nuremberg. 381 00:28:55,253 --> 00:28:58,449 All right, all right, okay. Slow down. Take it easy. 382 00:29:16,149 --> 00:29:17,268 l've got to say... 383 00:29:17,308 --> 00:29:21,543 ...l find it a little unnerving walking past 300 German POWs carrying pickaxes. 384 00:29:21,663 --> 00:29:24,899 You've got a bodyguard. Just let one of them try to mess with you. 385 00:29:24,979 --> 00:29:26,457 You want the desk sideways? 386 00:29:26,537 --> 00:29:28,814 No, light from the side gives him a headache. 387 00:29:28,855 --> 00:29:30,933 You really take good care of this guy. 388 00:29:30,973 --> 00:29:32,252 That's my job. 389 00:29:32,291 --> 00:29:33,290 That's fine? 390 00:29:33,570 --> 00:29:35,847 Perfect. Could you please find Captain Kiley? 391 00:29:35,927 --> 00:29:38,964 - l wonder if the filing cabinets are ready. - Sure thing. 392 00:29:55,185 --> 00:29:59,340 The first thing you must understand about these men is that they are war criminals. 393 00:29:59,421 --> 00:30:01,138 Their rank means nothing. 394 00:30:01,218 --> 00:30:05,214 There is to be no exchanging of salutes or any other military courtesies. 395 00:30:06,652 --> 00:30:08,970 Now, l know most of you men saw combat. 396 00:30:09,648 --> 00:30:11,806 You lost friends, companions. 397 00:30:12,844 --> 00:30:15,123 We've all seen the bodies at the side of the road. 398 00:30:15,162 --> 00:30:17,998 Men who gave their lives in the service of their country... 399 00:30:18,079 --> 00:30:22,835 ...so that we might have the opportunity to bring these criminals to justice. 400 00:30:23,034 --> 00:30:27,029 Our job is to make sure that these criminals survive long enough... 401 00:30:27,190 --> 00:30:29,187 ...to have that justice served. 402 00:30:29,427 --> 00:30:33,103 To make sure that our friends, our companions, did not die in vain. 403 00:30:34,301 --> 00:30:35,580 That'll be all. 404 00:30:35,739 --> 00:30:36,818 Attention! 405 00:31:05,505 --> 00:31:06,745 On your feet. 406 00:31:10,381 --> 00:31:11,659 Swab your cell. 407 00:31:11,740 --> 00:31:13,138 l beg your pardon? 408 00:31:14,456 --> 00:31:16,894 Der bucket. 409 00:31:17,254 --> 00:31:18,652 And der mop. 410 00:31:19,130 --> 00:31:20,129 Use them! 411 00:31:22,127 --> 00:31:23,246 Pick it up! 412 00:31:25,163 --> 00:31:26,602 Pick them up! Now! 413 00:31:28,720 --> 00:31:29,839 Pick them up! 414 00:31:33,794 --> 00:31:34,873 Lieutenant! 415 00:31:38,149 --> 00:31:39,148 Back off! 416 00:31:41,945 --> 00:31:44,182 Easy. Okay. 417 00:31:45,540 --> 00:31:46,619 Put him down. 418 00:31:55,090 --> 00:31:56,089 Colonel! 419 00:32:01,003 --> 00:32:02,002 Doctor? 420 00:32:03,801 --> 00:32:05,079 He'll rest now. 421 00:32:05,799 --> 00:32:09,235 His heart rate was up to almost three hundred beats per minute. 422 00:32:09,793 --> 00:32:11,551 lt could've led to heart failure. 423 00:32:12,511 --> 00:32:15,068 That's just great. That's just what l need. 424 00:32:15,627 --> 00:32:17,785 To lose the biggest bull in the roundup. 425 00:32:17,864 --> 00:32:19,343 - Lieutenant? - Wheelis, sir. 426 00:32:19,423 --> 00:32:23,618 l'm making this man your personal responsibility. He is not to exert himself. 427 00:32:25,216 --> 00:32:28,693 As God is my witness, he'll be in the best of health when they hang him. 428 00:32:29,051 --> 00:32:30,050 Yes, sir. 429 00:32:33,966 --> 00:32:34,765 Lieutenant. 430 00:32:35,324 --> 00:32:36,523 Lieutenant Wheelis. 431 00:32:37,282 --> 00:32:40,358 With your permission, l shall call you: 432 00:32:41,237 --> 00:32:42,317 Leutnant. 433 00:32:43,995 --> 00:32:45,714 - That's fine, sir. - Good. 434 00:33:02,814 --> 00:33:05,251 - Thanks for the ride, Fuchs. - No problem. 435 00:33:06,490 --> 00:33:07,489 Robert! 436 00:33:08,248 --> 00:33:10,405 - Welcome back. - lt's nice to be back. 437 00:33:11,284 --> 00:33:13,402 lt's really good to have you back. 438 00:33:15,120 --> 00:33:16,119 So... 439 00:33:17,238 --> 00:33:20,993 - Quite a job you've done here. - You should see the inside. Come on. 440 00:33:33,020 --> 00:33:35,577 Excellent. Excellent work, Captain... 441 00:33:35,657 --> 00:33:36,656 Kiley. 442 00:33:36,776 --> 00:33:39,053 Kiley. What's your background, Kiley? 443 00:33:39,173 --> 00:33:41,810 A couple of architecture classes. Never got a degree. 444 00:33:41,891 --> 00:33:43,169 Neither did l. 445 00:33:43,768 --> 00:33:45,167 Are you serious? 446 00:33:45,526 --> 00:33:47,883 You're a justice of the Supreme Court. 447 00:33:48,083 --> 00:33:52,038 l practiced law for 20 years with only a single year of law school under my belt. 448 00:33:52,119 --> 00:33:53,676 Things were easier back then. 449 00:33:53,757 --> 00:33:57,233 - You shouldn't give away your secrets. - l won't tell if you won't tell. 450 00:33:57,312 --> 00:34:00,669 How are we doing with the gizmos for the simultaneous translation? 451 00:34:00,789 --> 00:34:04,864 lBM's inventing the process as we go, sir. But we'll be ready for you, l promise. 452 00:34:05,263 --> 00:34:06,502 l don't doubt that. 453 00:34:06,622 --> 00:34:07,701 Excuse me. 454 00:34:08,820 --> 00:34:10,777 Question is, ''Will we be ready?'' 455 00:34:11,176 --> 00:34:14,493 The whole team's waiting in our office. They'll fill you in. 456 00:34:16,251 --> 00:34:17,329 l missed you. 457 00:34:19,407 --> 00:34:20,767 l missed you, too. 458 00:34:23,004 --> 00:34:25,442 When l was home, l couldn't find a phone number. 459 00:34:25,481 --> 00:34:27,080 l couldn't find a document. 460 00:34:27,159 --> 00:34:29,717 Now you won't have to worry about that. 461 00:34:31,274 --> 00:34:32,673 l'll take Goring. 462 00:34:33,113 --> 00:34:34,351 Should be fun. 463 00:34:35,070 --> 00:34:36,988 Tom, l'd like you to do Speer. 464 00:34:37,148 --> 00:34:38,226 My pleasure. 465 00:34:38,306 --> 00:34:41,783 l'd also like you to take von Schirach and Funk. 466 00:34:41,862 --> 00:34:42,701 Good. 467 00:34:43,341 --> 00:34:47,736 - Are the indictments ready to be served? - l say we hold off till the last moment. 468 00:34:47,856 --> 00:34:51,731 As it is, we get to treat them like POWs. We can interrogate them all day long. 469 00:34:52,050 --> 00:34:55,047 Once indicted, they're entitled to have their lawyers present. 470 00:34:55,127 --> 00:34:56,925 This is going to be a fair trial. 471 00:34:57,005 --> 00:35:00,960 Let's serve them as soon as possible. Let the British deliver the indictments. 472 00:35:01,041 --> 00:35:03,398 lt's not right for us to hog the whole show. 473 00:35:03,438 --> 00:35:06,274 - What if they want Nazi lawyers? - Hell, no! 474 00:35:06,594 --> 00:35:09,392 - What crazy example would that set? - Free speech. 475 00:35:09,592 --> 00:35:11,549 For crying out loud, boys! 476 00:35:11,749 --> 00:35:14,705 Nazis defending Nazis. They ought to be on trial themselves. 477 00:35:14,786 --> 00:35:15,865 We have to pay them? 478 00:35:15,944 --> 00:35:19,220 l wonder what these fellows would do if the situation was reversed. 479 00:35:19,261 --> 00:35:21,898 We don't have to answer that question in this room. 480 00:35:21,977 --> 00:35:26,053 The judges will be here in one week. We'll let them decide. Will you excuse me? 481 00:35:29,768 --> 00:35:31,926 This just arrived from Biddle. 482 00:35:32,486 --> 00:35:34,084 He's decided not to fly. 483 00:35:34,163 --> 00:35:37,999 He's coming over on the Queen Elizabeth. He'll be here in three weeks. 484 00:35:44,192 --> 00:35:46,149 l'm a bit surprised at Biddle. 485 00:35:46,430 --> 00:35:49,026 l'd never seen a man so hungry for approval. 486 00:35:49,785 --> 00:35:52,223 Well, yeah, but then you approved him. 487 00:35:53,222 --> 00:35:55,460 l did learn a lesson there, didn't l? 488 00:35:55,539 --> 00:35:57,538 And how l hate learning lessons. 489 00:36:01,732 --> 00:36:03,891 Don't you think this is a bit excessive? 490 00:36:03,970 --> 00:36:06,048 l got it for a really good price. 491 00:36:13,200 --> 00:36:14,278 Thank you. 492 00:36:16,237 --> 00:36:19,633 Justice Jackson, meet Frau Hassel and Herr Hassel. 493 00:36:19,912 --> 00:36:20,911 Willkommen. 494 00:36:23,029 --> 00:36:25,865 How do you do? l have lived five years in America. 495 00:36:26,504 --> 00:36:29,461 Well, it's a pleasure to meet you, Frau Hassel. 496 00:36:29,821 --> 00:36:31,219 Please, come in. 497 00:36:34,934 --> 00:36:36,573 Follow me, bitte. 498 00:36:37,532 --> 00:36:40,728 l will prepare dinner. Something light, perhaps, at this hour. 499 00:36:40,808 --> 00:36:41,887 Thank you. 500 00:36:43,405 --> 00:36:47,042 ''Light'' means five pounds of lard in the dumplings instead of six. 501 00:36:48,240 --> 00:36:49,759 Who owns this place? 502 00:36:50,398 --> 00:36:54,753 Some banker who no longer owns a bank. l think we're his only source of income. 503 00:36:54,833 --> 00:36:55,831 Come on. 504 00:36:59,707 --> 00:37:01,984 Thank you, Herr Hassel. l'll do that. 505 00:37:03,264 --> 00:37:04,462 Danke schon. 506 00:37:12,573 --> 00:37:14,170 So where is your room? 507 00:37:14,491 --> 00:37:15,649 Upstairs. 508 00:37:16,048 --> 00:37:18,766 lt's a cute little attic-apartment type thing. 509 00:37:18,925 --> 00:37:20,244 ls it all right? 510 00:37:20,284 --> 00:37:23,240 Well, it's nicer than what l have in Washington, Bob. 511 00:37:23,720 --> 00:37:26,197 l haven't seen what you have in Washington. 512 00:37:27,395 --> 00:37:29,993 Oh God, l am so bushed. 513 00:37:30,073 --> 00:37:32,869 Just hold on till dinner. Would you like a drink? 514 00:37:33,109 --> 00:37:34,589 No, maybe later on. 515 00:37:36,347 --> 00:37:37,584 Don't do that. 516 00:37:38,943 --> 00:37:42,099 l've arranged a breakfast meeting with the team tomorrow morning. 517 00:37:42,219 --> 00:37:43,259 Good. 518 00:37:43,338 --> 00:37:45,456 Just to go over some finer points. 519 00:37:48,252 --> 00:37:50,010 You sure pack well, Bob. 520 00:38:00,478 --> 00:38:01,477 Bob. 521 00:38:18,658 --> 00:38:19,657 Thanks. 522 00:38:27,848 --> 00:38:29,567 Start with this one. 523 00:38:29,846 --> 00:38:34,082 - l hope l shan't make a balls of it. - You'll be just fine, old chap. Open up. 524 00:38:41,592 --> 00:38:42,872 Good morning. 525 00:38:43,751 --> 00:38:45,069 l am Major Neave. 526 00:38:45,348 --> 00:38:49,304 l am the officer appointed by the lnternational Military Tribunal to-- 527 00:38:49,584 --> 00:38:50,502 Wait. 528 00:38:51,581 --> 00:38:53,179 - You're British? - l am. 529 00:38:53,778 --> 00:38:55,776 Finally, a civilized man. 530 00:38:57,574 --> 00:38:58,533 Neave. 531 00:39:00,810 --> 00:39:02,529 What is your given name? 532 00:39:02,968 --> 00:39:03,967 Airey. 533 00:39:05,286 --> 00:39:07,083 Major Airey Neave. 534 00:39:07,563 --> 00:39:09,561 l have heard this name before. 535 00:39:10,080 --> 00:39:11,798 Airey, like the wind. 536 00:39:13,556 --> 00:39:15,314 Why would l have heard this name? 537 00:39:16,514 --> 00:39:20,429 l was captured, tortured by the Gestapo, and escaped twice. 538 00:39:20,549 --> 00:39:23,345 l see. Then you've earned your given name. 539 00:39:24,104 --> 00:39:27,620 l am the officer appointed by the lnternational Military Tribunal... 540 00:39:27,701 --> 00:39:30,058 ...to serve upon you a copy of the indictment... 541 00:39:30,338 --> 00:39:32,735 ...in which you are named as defendant. 542 00:39:32,894 --> 00:39:35,771 l'm also here to advise you as to your rights to counsel. 543 00:39:36,731 --> 00:39:38,169 l care nothing for lawyers. 544 00:39:39,368 --> 00:39:42,244 You can find one for me, Major Airey of the wind. 545 00:39:43,403 --> 00:39:44,642 We're men of culture. 546 00:39:44,881 --> 00:39:46,520 We both know the truth. 547 00:39:46,679 --> 00:39:49,076 The victors will always be the judges. 548 00:39:49,476 --> 00:39:51,713 The vanquished, always the accused. 549 00:39:51,833 --> 00:39:52,832 Yes? 550 00:40:16,046 --> 00:40:17,165 Open it up. 551 00:40:20,561 --> 00:40:25,235 Until l've studied this, l cannot speak to the accuracy of the charges against me. 552 00:40:25,994 --> 00:40:29,431 But l acknowledge the necessity of this trial and accept... 553 00:40:30,350 --> 00:40:31,628 ...my inclusion in it. 554 00:40:31,708 --> 00:40:34,066 How can you say that before reading the charges? 555 00:40:34,145 --> 00:40:37,062 There's a common responsibility for the crimes committed... 556 00:40:37,142 --> 00:40:40,259 ...in the name of the Third Reich. No one is blameless. 557 00:40:40,898 --> 00:40:42,376 Apart from the victims. 558 00:40:42,456 --> 00:40:44,294 But we were just following orders! 559 00:40:44,374 --> 00:40:46,691 l know nothing about crimes against humanity. 560 00:40:46,731 --> 00:40:48,610 - Here's a list of lawyers. - Jews! 561 00:40:49,050 --> 00:40:50,448 They're all Jew names! 562 00:40:50,568 --> 00:40:52,925 l want to be defended by a German naval officer. 563 00:40:53,005 --> 00:40:56,001 l was a lawyer myself, full of ideals. 564 00:40:57,720 --> 00:40:59,837 Why don't you just shoot us now? 565 00:41:01,195 --> 00:41:03,273 Why don't you shoot us now? 566 00:41:47,424 --> 00:41:50,700 l want a guard posted at the porthole of every cell. 567 00:41:51,539 --> 00:41:54,056 They are to be watched around the clock! 568 00:41:57,372 --> 00:42:00,448 l will not have them taking the easy way out! 569 00:42:11,196 --> 00:42:14,033 - l need to pick up a document. - l'll meet you in the office. 570 00:42:19,747 --> 00:42:22,983 - Find any directives on Polish slave labor? - Take your pick. 571 00:42:23,502 --> 00:42:26,140 There's something peculiar about the German character. 572 00:42:26,220 --> 00:42:29,216 Makes them keep detailed records of everything they do. 573 00:42:29,297 --> 00:42:30,735 lt's downright perverse. 574 00:42:31,814 --> 00:42:35,570 The Nazis put into writing every criminal thought they ever had... 575 00:42:35,690 --> 00:42:37,967 ...and every criminal act they ever did. 576 00:42:38,846 --> 00:42:41,802 ln this room is enough evidence to hang half the country. 577 00:42:42,321 --> 00:42:44,958 l'll settle for 21 clean convictions. 578 00:42:54,228 --> 00:42:56,705 - Get what you need? - More than. 579 00:42:58,383 --> 00:43:01,539 l've arranged all your random notes for the opening statement... 580 00:43:01,659 --> 00:43:03,417 ...into something less random. 581 00:43:03,937 --> 00:43:07,893 Legal, Thematic, Anecdotal, Precedent, Theory. 582 00:43:09,490 --> 00:43:11,008 You're really something. 583 00:43:12,367 --> 00:43:14,246 When you decide what, let me know. 584 00:43:18,361 --> 00:43:20,079 Oh, my God! 585 00:43:25,832 --> 00:43:28,110 l don't believe this. 586 00:43:43,652 --> 00:43:46,728 l've noticed that this case has inspired the orator in you. 587 00:43:49,685 --> 00:43:54,920 l tried to capture a tone, a mood, for the entire case. 588 00:43:58,076 --> 00:44:00,513 A melancholy grandeur, if you will. 589 00:44:01,473 --> 00:44:03,670 Well, it's all here. 590 00:44:09,544 --> 00:44:10,702 You have a... 591 00:44:12,700 --> 00:44:14,059 ...something right here. 592 00:44:22,529 --> 00:44:24,965 We only have two days to finish the speech. 593 00:44:26,284 --> 00:44:28,122 Maybe you should start dictating. 594 00:44:30,640 --> 00:44:31,358 Right. 595 00:44:51,576 --> 00:44:55,971 This simultaneous translation business is like taking a room in the Tower of Babel. 596 00:44:56,931 --> 00:45:00,366 l can assure you, whoever designed those electronic earmuffs-- 597 00:45:00,446 --> 00:45:01,885 Earphones, Sir Geoffrey. 598 00:45:02,204 --> 00:45:07,159 Earphones. Whoever designed them did not try them over a barrister's wig! 599 00:45:07,358 --> 00:45:09,715 Not to worry. On you, they'll be most becoming. 600 00:45:10,435 --> 00:45:12,153 That'll change my style... 601 00:45:12,512 --> 00:45:13,871 Who's that over there? 602 00:45:14,710 --> 00:45:18,466 He's a psychologist. The army transferred him here to consult... 603 00:45:18,505 --> 00:45:20,863 ...on the suicide risks among the prisoners. 604 00:45:31,690 --> 00:45:33,848 l had arranged for a flight to pick you up. 605 00:45:33,928 --> 00:45:35,966 You were meant to be here two weeks ago. 606 00:45:36,046 --> 00:45:38,883 What happened? You developed a craving for shuffleboard? 607 00:45:39,762 --> 00:45:42,319 l just l needed time to get up to speed. 608 00:45:42,678 --> 00:45:44,317 l worked the whole way over. 609 00:45:44,596 --> 00:45:45,915 l'm fully prepared. 610 00:45:47,154 --> 00:45:49,551 Any of my colleagues here? l'd like to meet them. 611 00:45:49,671 --> 00:45:52,587 Perhaps later on. l need to talk to you about something. 612 00:45:54,025 --> 00:45:56,343 - You must take some vodka. - No, thank you. 613 00:45:56,423 --> 00:45:59,460 - Try it. lt makes it strong. - l am content with the cognac. 614 00:46:00,579 --> 00:46:03,135 - We do it all the time in Russia. - You can't mix it. 615 00:46:03,216 --> 00:46:05,692 - We do it in Russia all the time. - Not in France. 616 00:46:06,012 --> 00:46:07,330 Thank you. Thank you. 617 00:46:09,928 --> 00:46:11,446 Look at this, Bob. 618 00:46:13,483 --> 00:46:15,001 lt was a gift from my family. 619 00:46:15,721 --> 00:46:19,516 After the trial l will donate this, along with my papers, to my alma mater. 620 00:46:19,556 --> 00:46:21,834 - l think future generations-- - Francis... 621 00:46:22,912 --> 00:46:26,709 On the subject of who will serve as President of the Court... 622 00:46:27,548 --> 00:46:30,386 ...the British are prepared to support you, but... 623 00:46:31,904 --> 00:46:32,742 Yes? 624 00:46:32,862 --> 00:46:35,180 lt's not in the best interests of the trial. 625 00:46:35,859 --> 00:46:38,975 The Americans are far too dominant in this thing already. 626 00:46:39,015 --> 00:46:41,333 The trial must be viewed as a joint effort. 627 00:46:41,652 --> 00:46:44,369 - l really do have the qualifications. - l know you do. 628 00:46:47,486 --> 00:46:48,724 lf not me, then who? 629 00:46:48,963 --> 00:46:50,402 Sir Geoffrey Lawrence. 630 00:46:51,081 --> 00:46:53,518 The British share our sensibilities. 631 00:46:53,679 --> 00:46:57,234 That's a lot better than having de Vabres or, God knows, Nikitchenko. 632 00:46:57,793 --> 00:47:00,151 l think l can sell the French on this idea too. 633 00:47:01,350 --> 00:47:05,464 Everyone back home assumes that l will be head of the Court. 634 00:47:05,545 --> 00:47:09,261 Francis, your role here will be of incredible importance. 635 00:47:10,618 --> 00:47:15,014 This is probably the last appointment of my career, Bob. 636 00:47:15,134 --> 00:47:16,892 This is how l'm going out. 637 00:47:16,973 --> 00:47:21,248 With great honor. Francis, you'll be capping your career... 638 00:47:21,687 --> 00:47:23,045 ...with great honor. 639 00:47:36,830 --> 00:47:38,787 Now that Ley's done himself in... 640 00:47:39,307 --> 00:47:41,664 ...who should we get to replace him in the dock? 641 00:47:41,784 --> 00:47:45,300 lt's not a Broadway show. We don't just bring out an understudy. 642 00:47:45,341 --> 00:47:47,977 We've still got 21 left. lt's a good number. 643 00:47:48,216 --> 00:47:49,695 Boys, they are coming back. 644 00:47:52,652 --> 00:47:55,329 - Biddle doesn't look too happy. - Can you blame him? 645 00:47:55,648 --> 00:47:58,445 Gentlemen, l'd like to introduce Judge Francis Biddle. 646 00:47:58,565 --> 00:48:00,403 Hello, sir. Pleased to see you. 647 00:48:12,230 --> 00:48:13,628 Ladies and gentlemen. 648 00:48:14,468 --> 00:48:15,467 Please. 649 00:48:16,265 --> 00:48:19,183 A salute to my colleagues in the law. 650 00:48:20,101 --> 00:48:24,176 How fortunate we are to be in a profession where we may speak our minds. 651 00:48:25,175 --> 00:48:28,132 Not like diplomats who must behave like dogs on a leash. 652 00:48:33,006 --> 00:48:35,084 To the law! 653 00:48:39,639 --> 00:48:42,116 l was wondering if you'd care to dance with me? 654 00:48:43,394 --> 00:48:45,113 l'm not much of a dancer. 655 00:48:45,831 --> 00:48:48,269 Well, let's go embarrass ourselves. 656 00:49:22,430 --> 00:49:25,468 lt's my opinion head-shrinking has no place in this man's army. 657 00:49:25,826 --> 00:49:29,503 But you've been assigned to me, Captain, and l plan to make full use of you. 658 00:49:29,582 --> 00:49:32,260 You'll help me stop losing any more of my prisoners. 659 00:49:32,500 --> 00:49:34,657 From what l know of your set-up here... 660 00:49:34,736 --> 00:49:37,613 ...l can say that you've created the perfect suicide ward. 661 00:49:37,693 --> 00:49:39,251 What are you talking about? 662 00:49:39,332 --> 00:49:42,529 These men have nothing to do all day but think about their faith. 663 00:49:42,648 --> 00:49:43,848 They should. 664 00:49:43,927 --> 00:49:45,606 To keep them alive and sane... 665 00:49:45,685 --> 00:49:48,362 ...they need to be occupied, mentally and physically. 666 00:49:48,442 --> 00:49:50,599 - A small library, for instance. - Library? 667 00:49:50,640 --> 00:49:52,837 Would make all the difference in the world. 668 00:49:52,917 --> 00:49:54,396 So would an exercise yard. 669 00:49:54,515 --> 00:49:56,593 l had something quite different in mind. 670 00:49:56,752 --> 00:49:58,390 Put you in their lives. 671 00:49:58,470 --> 00:50:00,748 Give them somebody to talk to, open up with. 672 00:50:00,988 --> 00:50:02,785 They'll surely jump at the chance... 673 00:50:02,826 --> 00:50:06,342 ...to jibber-jabber with somebody as bright and enthusiastic as yourself. 674 00:50:06,501 --> 00:50:09,098 They'll tell you what they're thinking and planning. 675 00:50:09,658 --> 00:50:12,015 You'll report everything you hear to me. 676 00:50:12,654 --> 00:50:13,453 Colonel-- 677 00:50:13,533 --> 00:50:15,970 l will not hear anything about morals and ethics. 678 00:50:16,570 --> 00:50:19,047 These men are prisoners. Criminals. 679 00:50:20,405 --> 00:50:21,484 Not patients. 680 00:50:22,363 --> 00:50:24,721 That's the deal, Captain. Take it or leave it. 681 00:50:27,157 --> 00:50:29,196 The library and the exercise yard, sir? 682 00:50:30,236 --> 00:50:31,394 You got it. 683 00:50:35,628 --> 00:50:39,504 This place is worse than l expected. What a nightmare. 684 00:50:39,624 --> 00:50:42,621 - Where do we pick up our press passes? - The Palace of Justice. 685 00:50:43,659 --> 00:50:46,137 What's the metal bar on the front of the jeep do? 686 00:50:46,217 --> 00:50:49,453 lt cuts the wires that Germans string across the road at night. 687 00:50:49,533 --> 00:50:51,730 Several Gl's have already been decapitated. 688 00:50:51,810 --> 00:50:52,770 Lovely. 689 00:50:53,529 --> 00:50:56,565 Here we are, gentlemen. l'll take your bags to the hotel. 690 00:50:56,805 --> 00:50:59,162 All right. Thanks a lot, buddy. See you around. 691 00:51:00,280 --> 00:51:03,876 Have press credentials ready to show. You will be given press passes... 692 00:51:04,236 --> 00:51:08,232 ...and transferred to assigned lodging. Get in line, gentlemen! 693 00:51:09,709 --> 00:51:11,028 Check this out. 694 00:51:16,542 --> 00:51:18,221 Nice and tight, please. 695 00:51:42,314 --> 00:51:43,832 We better go sign in. 696 00:51:57,576 --> 00:52:00,892 - Rudolf, you put it on the wrong foot. - What? 697 00:52:00,972 --> 00:52:02,130 The shoe. 698 00:52:03,090 --> 00:52:03,969 Na ja. 699 00:52:04,488 --> 00:52:06,247 Hess seems completely mad. 700 00:52:07,126 --> 00:52:09,563 lt is an act. He is being clever. 701 00:52:09,883 --> 00:52:14,877 lf he was so clever, he wouldn't have spent the last four years in an English prison. 702 00:52:23,147 --> 00:52:26,624 l turned my diaries over to the Americans, voluntarily. 703 00:52:28,301 --> 00:52:32,138 That proves that l tried to resign as Governor-General of Poland. 704 00:52:33,815 --> 00:52:36,852 l did not approve of the persecution of the Jews. 705 00:52:38,171 --> 00:52:42,165 Anyone reading my diaries, they will know what was in my heart. 706 00:52:43,284 --> 00:52:47,081 They will understand that those things l wrote about the Jews... 707 00:52:47,799 --> 00:52:49,437 ...the orders l signed... 708 00:52:50,796 --> 00:52:52,434 ...they were not sincere. 709 00:52:54,832 --> 00:52:56,431 l believe you, Herr Frank. 710 00:52:59,587 --> 00:53:03,582 And yet, you did do those things. 711 00:53:05,221 --> 00:53:06,658 How do you explain it? 712 00:53:07,937 --> 00:53:10,414 l don't mean legally. l'm not a lawyer or a judge. 713 00:53:11,453 --> 00:53:13,810 l mean, how do you explain it to yourself? 714 00:53:19,045 --> 00:53:20,203 l don't know. 715 00:53:26,116 --> 00:53:27,994 lt's as though l am two people. 716 00:53:30,311 --> 00:53:34,227 The Hans Frank you see here, and Hans Frank, the Nazi leader. 717 00:53:36,305 --> 00:53:39,261 l wonder how that other Frank could do those things. 718 00:53:41,060 --> 00:53:44,416 This Frank looks at that Frank and says: 719 00:53:47,812 --> 00:53:49,291 ''You are a terrible man.'' 720 00:53:50,250 --> 00:53:52,128 And what does that Frank say back? 721 00:53:52,327 --> 00:53:53,127 He says: 722 00:53:54,205 --> 00:53:56,242 ''l just wanted to keep my job.'' 723 00:54:00,438 --> 00:54:01,956 Friends. 724 00:54:02,635 --> 00:54:05,952 When we begin this grotesque farce tomorrow, my friends... 725 00:54:06,591 --> 00:54:09,427 ...never forget that we're here for one reason. 726 00:54:09,787 --> 00:54:11,625 And one reason only. 727 00:54:12,584 --> 00:54:14,861 We lost the war. 728 00:54:16,459 --> 00:54:20,335 But someday, a grateful German nation... 729 00:54:20,774 --> 00:54:23,172 ...will honor our legacy. 730 00:54:26,927 --> 00:54:27,926 Doctor! 731 00:54:29,285 --> 00:54:31,404 What do you have if you have one German? 732 00:54:32,802 --> 00:54:34,320 You have a fine man. 733 00:54:34,839 --> 00:54:36,837 Two Germans, a Bund. 734 00:54:37,716 --> 00:54:40,752 Three Germans? A war! 735 00:54:43,789 --> 00:54:46,306 Are you really in such a good mood, Herr Goring? 736 00:54:46,986 --> 00:54:48,943 Or is this your way of handling fear? 737 00:54:53,738 --> 00:54:54,577 Fear? 738 00:54:55,815 --> 00:54:57,493 What do l have to be afraid of? 739 00:54:58,653 --> 00:55:01,689 l've ordered thousands of men into battle knowing full well... 740 00:55:01,768 --> 00:55:03,406 ...that not many would return. 741 00:55:04,566 --> 00:55:08,441 Why should l, their leader, tremble when called upon to face the enemy? 742 00:55:09,879 --> 00:55:14,235 l know that l'm a condemned man. That is of no consequence. 743 00:55:14,794 --> 00:55:19,550 There is still work to be done. And, mark my words, it will be done. 744 00:55:23,465 --> 00:55:25,942 One Englishman? An idiot. 745 00:55:26,741 --> 00:55:28,698 Two Englishmen? A club. 746 00:55:29,258 --> 00:55:31,935 Three Englishmen, an empire! 747 00:55:41,763 --> 00:55:43,881 l spoke with the translators today... 748 00:55:44,041 --> 00:55:46,479 ...to get a sense of the pace you need to maintain. 749 00:55:46,559 --> 00:55:48,716 lt's tricky. lt's not just about pace. 750 00:55:48,996 --> 00:55:51,832 lt's about rhythm, pausing at the end of phrases. 751 00:55:51,912 --> 00:55:53,790 We should rehearse a little tonight. 752 00:55:53,870 --> 00:55:56,307 Not the whole speech. You need to save your voice. 753 00:56:01,581 --> 00:56:03,619 This is unbelievable. 754 00:56:44,933 --> 00:56:46,251 Open them up. 755 00:56:50,207 --> 00:56:52,883 - Good morning, Leutnant Wheelis. - Good morning, sir. 756 00:56:53,403 --> 00:56:55,121 lt's time to go, Reichsmarschall. 757 00:56:57,319 --> 00:56:58,398 How do l look? 758 00:57:00,436 --> 00:57:03,472 You look fine, sir. How do you feel? 759 00:57:03,592 --> 00:57:07,747 Excited. l have waited many months. Many months of silence. 760 00:57:08,386 --> 00:57:10,184 Now at last l'm being heard. 761 00:57:13,460 --> 00:57:16,258 - Shall we? - l'm not allowed to do that, sir. 762 00:57:16,498 --> 00:57:18,016 Yes, of course. 763 00:57:18,614 --> 00:57:19,813 Bring them out! 764 00:57:26,726 --> 00:57:27,884 Hitch them up! 765 00:57:35,555 --> 00:57:36,794 Pull them out! 766 00:57:44,105 --> 00:57:46,464 All right, Sergeant, search the cells. 767 00:59:43,772 --> 00:59:44,930 Sir Geoffrey. 768 00:59:47,567 --> 00:59:48,925 With my respects. 769 00:59:51,802 --> 00:59:53,001 Bless you, Biddle. 770 00:59:55,558 --> 00:59:56,716 After you. 771 01:00:01,150 --> 01:00:02,430 All rise! 772 01:00:45,501 --> 01:00:48,578 This trial, which is now to begin... 773 01:00:49,337 --> 01:00:52,333 ...is unique in the annals of jurisprudence. 774 01:00:54,131 --> 01:00:58,687 The defendants, all having been served with copies of the indictments... 775 01:00:59,126 --> 01:01:00,964 ...are now to enter their pleas. 776 01:01:03,322 --> 01:01:04,441 Hermann Goring. 777 01:01:04,999 --> 01:01:08,276 l have a statement which l will now read to the court. 778 01:01:08,596 --> 01:01:11,272 The defendants are not to make a speech. 779 01:01:11,473 --> 01:01:13,150 They are only to enter a plea. 780 01:01:15,308 --> 01:01:19,423 l declare myself, in the sense of the indictment, nicht schuldig. Not guilty. 781 01:01:19,783 --> 01:01:21,021 Rudolf Hess. 782 01:01:21,620 --> 01:01:23,059 Nein, nein. 783 01:01:23,738 --> 01:01:25,616 Record that as ''not guilty.'' 784 01:01:27,734 --> 01:01:30,610 - Joachim von Ribbentrop. - Nicht schuldig. 785 01:01:31,289 --> 01:01:33,767 - Wilhelm Keitel. - Nicht schuldig. 786 01:01:34,526 --> 01:01:37,882 - Ernst Kaltenbrunner. - Nicht schuldig. 787 01:01:38,561 --> 01:01:41,078 - Alfred Rosenberg. - Nicht schuldig. 788 01:01:42,077 --> 01:01:45,074 - Hans Frank. - Nicht schuldig. 789 01:01:45,553 --> 01:01:48,271 - Wilhelm Frick. - Nicht schuldig. 790 01:01:48,591 --> 01:01:51,348 - Julius Streicher. - Nicht schuldig. 791 01:01:51,707 --> 01:01:54,664 - Walther Funk. - Nicht schuldig. 792 01:01:55,063 --> 01:01:57,780 - Hjalmar Schacht. - Nicht schuldig. 793 01:01:58,099 --> 01:02:00,736 - Karl Donitz. - Nicht schuldig. 794 01:02:00,937 --> 01:02:03,574 - Erich Raeder. - Nicht schuldig. 795 01:02:03,653 --> 01:02:05,971 - Baldur von Schirach. - Nicht schuldig. 796 01:02:06,170 --> 01:02:08,408 - Fritz Sauckel. - Nicht schuldig. 797 01:02:08,488 --> 01:02:10,445 - Alfred Jodl. - Nicht schuldig. 798 01:02:10,565 --> 01:02:13,082 - Franz von Papen. - Nicht schuldig. 799 01:02:13,123 --> 01:02:15,919 - Arthur Seyss-lnquart. - Nicht schuldig. 800 01:02:16,159 --> 01:02:18,596 - Albert Speer. - Nicht schuldig. 801 01:02:18,796 --> 01:02:21,154 - Konstantin van Neurath. - Nicht schuldig. 802 01:02:22,312 --> 01:02:24,749 - And Hans Fritzsche. - Nicht schuldig. 803 01:02:26,786 --> 01:02:29,104 All the pleas have now been entered. 804 01:02:30,223 --> 01:02:31,301 Justice Jackson. 805 01:02:31,861 --> 01:02:33,859 Your opening address, please. 806 01:02:43,129 --> 01:02:44,807 May it please your honors. 807 01:02:45,966 --> 01:02:48,762 The privilege of opening the first trial in history... 808 01:02:48,843 --> 01:02:51,639 ...for crimes against the peace of the world... 809 01:02:52,278 --> 01:02:54,196 ...imposes a grave responsibility. 810 01:02:56,034 --> 01:03:00,469 The wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated... 811 01:03:00,549 --> 01:03:02,946 ...so malignant, and so devastating... 812 01:03:03,625 --> 01:03:06,462 ...that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored... 813 01:03:06,542 --> 01:03:09,419 ...because it cannot survive their being repeated. 814 01:03:11,896 --> 01:03:16,171 That four great nations, flushed with victory and stung with injury... 815 01:03:16,451 --> 01:03:20,407 ...stay the hand of vengeance and voluntarily submit their captive enemies... 816 01:03:20,446 --> 01:03:22,244 ...to the judgment of the law... 817 01:03:22,964 --> 01:03:26,919 ...is one of the most significant tributes that Power has ever paid to Reason. 818 01:03:28,319 --> 01:03:33,792 lf these men are the first war leaders of a defeated nation to be prosecuted... 819 01:03:34,311 --> 01:03:36,349 ...in the name of the law... 820 01:03:36,988 --> 01:03:40,904 ...we agree that here they must be given a presumption of innocence. 821 01:03:41,623 --> 01:03:43,740 We accept the burden... 822 01:03:44,659 --> 01:03:46,897 ...of proving criminal acts... 823 01:03:47,296 --> 01:03:49,215 ...and the responsibility... 824 01:03:49,614 --> 01:03:53,449 ...of these defendants for their commission. 825 01:03:55,727 --> 01:03:57,565 We have no purpose here... 826 01:03:58,084 --> 01:04:00,441 ...to incriminate the whole German people. 827 01:04:02,319 --> 01:04:05,835 Hitler did not achieve power by majority vote, but seized it... 828 01:04:06,435 --> 01:04:09,511 ...by an evil alliance of revolutionists... 829 01:04:10,350 --> 01:04:11,829 ...reactionaries... 830 01:04:12,469 --> 01:04:13,907 ...and militarists. 831 01:04:14,626 --> 01:04:19,460 You will hear today and in the days ahead of the enormity and the horror... 832 01:04:19,820 --> 01:04:21,258 ...of their acts. 833 01:04:21,977 --> 01:04:24,695 The prosecution will give you undeniable proofs... 834 01:04:25,414 --> 01:04:27,212 ...of these incredible events. 835 01:04:27,651 --> 01:04:33,285 l count myself as one who received, during this war, atrocity tales with suspicion... 836 01:04:34,443 --> 01:04:37,280 ...or skepticism. No more. 837 01:04:39,438 --> 01:04:43,233 The catalogue of crimes will omit nothing that could be conceived... 838 01:04:43,274 --> 01:04:47,508 ...by their pathological pride, cruelty, and lust for power. 839 01:04:49,506 --> 01:04:52,223 You will hear of the repression of organized labor. 840 01:04:52,782 --> 01:04:56,058 The harassment of the Church, the persecution of the Jews. 841 01:04:56,139 --> 01:04:59,815 The conversion of mere anti-Semitism into the deliberate... 842 01:04:59,896 --> 01:05:03,052 ...extermination of the Jews of Europe. 843 01:05:04,530 --> 01:05:07,247 You'll hear of the long series of German aggressions... 844 01:05:07,286 --> 01:05:09,964 ...and conquests and broken treaties. 845 01:05:10,444 --> 01:05:12,721 The terror that settled over Germany. 846 01:05:12,920 --> 01:05:15,877 The havoc wrought on the occupied territories. 847 01:05:16,076 --> 01:05:22,869 And you'll know that the real complaining party at your bar is Civilization. 848 01:05:24,068 --> 01:05:29,141 Civilization asks whether law is so laggard as to be utterly helpless... 849 01:05:29,421 --> 01:05:32,178 ...to deal with crimes of this magnitude... 850 01:05:32,578 --> 01:05:36,413 ...by criminals of this order of importance. 851 01:05:38,691 --> 01:05:43,526 lt does not expect that you can make war impossible. 852 01:05:44,763 --> 01:05:49,999 lt does expect that your juridical action will put the forces of international law... 853 01:05:52,596 --> 01:05:58,549 ...its precepts, its prohibitions and, above all, its sanctions... 854 01:06:00,866 --> 01:06:02,265 ...on the side of peace. 855 01:06:04,063 --> 01:06:08,098 So that men and women of good will in all countries... 856 01:06:09,416 --> 01:06:16,568 ...may have leave to live by no man's leave, underneath the law. 857 01:06:26,117 --> 01:06:28,235 The court is now adjourned. 858 01:06:42,459 --> 01:06:47,773 Jackson's speech? Pedantic. Tiresome lot of nothing. l nodded off twice. 859 01:06:47,973 --> 01:06:51,688 The food is better today. Do you think they'll feed us like this every day? 860 01:06:51,769 --> 01:06:54,207 They always feed you well before they hang you. 861 01:06:54,246 --> 01:06:55,285 That's so true. 862 01:06:55,365 --> 01:06:59,719 They can't hang us. We're soldiers. They have to shoot us. 863 01:07:00,999 --> 01:07:05,034 Stop this talk. We must concentrate on our defense. 864 01:07:09,868 --> 01:07:13,584 lf you are not going to eat, Frank, give it to me. 865 01:07:14,063 --> 01:07:16,540 lt's a crime to waste such good food. 866 01:07:19,417 --> 01:07:22,054 Look what they have done to your beautiful city. 867 01:07:22,174 --> 01:07:24,451 - Nuremberg is not mine. - But it was. 868 01:07:24,731 --> 01:07:29,127 Was anything ever more extraordinary than the Parteitagen you staged in September? 869 01:07:30,046 --> 01:07:34,201 The night skies lit up like a bonfire as we carried our torches through the streets. 870 01:07:34,241 --> 01:07:37,398 A quarter million of us on our way to the Zeppelin Fields. 871 01:07:37,757 --> 01:07:42,272 l remember standing there for hours, basking in the radiance of the Fuhrer. 872 01:07:44,270 --> 01:07:47,226 Then l would take a group of my Hitlerjugend to the river... 873 01:07:47,307 --> 01:07:49,144 ...where we'd would bathe together. 874 01:07:50,902 --> 01:07:54,219 We'd cool off from the fires that were burning within us. 875 01:07:57,095 --> 01:07:59,212 But now that just seems like a dream. 876 01:07:59,892 --> 01:08:03,888 A strange, wonderful, frightening dream. 877 01:08:04,287 --> 01:08:06,564 lt was not a dream, it was a nightmare... 878 01:08:07,363 --> 01:08:10,040 ...of our own making. And it's time to wake up from it. 879 01:08:10,399 --> 01:08:14,117 The look in Hitler's eyes was not radiance, it was madness. 880 01:08:21,548 --> 01:08:23,666 ls the British prosecution ready? 881 01:08:23,745 --> 01:08:25,784 Yes. lndeed we are. 882 01:08:26,822 --> 01:08:30,258 Your Honors, with permission l wish to read from a sworn affidavit... 883 01:08:30,338 --> 01:08:32,895 ...by one Hermann Friedrich Graebe. 884 01:08:33,095 --> 01:08:36,971 A German construction manager who, in a civilian capacity... 885 01:08:37,050 --> 01:08:42,204 ...was employed by the German Army in occupied Ukraine from 1941 to 1944. 886 01:08:43,643 --> 01:08:47,638 On several occasions he observed... 887 01:08:48,557 --> 01:08:52,992 ...the mass murders of local Jews committed by the SS... 888 01:08:53,312 --> 01:08:59,824 ...or Schutzstaffel, the Nazi party's police and security organization. 889 01:09:00,104 --> 01:09:01,383 One such occasion... 890 01:09:01,703 --> 01:09:06,338 ...he writes, took place on October 5, 1942... 891 01:09:06,896 --> 01:09:08,615 ...near the city of Dobno. 892 01:09:09,694 --> 01:09:12,611 That morning, Herr Graebe was informed... 893 01:09:13,529 --> 01:09:18,044 ...that all 5,000 Jews from that city... 894 01:09:19,523 --> 01:09:24,637 ...were to be taken by SS trucks to a place near his building site... 895 01:09:25,396 --> 01:09:27,154 ...where they were to be shot... 896 01:09:27,993 --> 01:09:30,670 ...and buried in large pits. 897 01:09:33,347 --> 01:09:34,825 He continues. 898 01:09:35,105 --> 01:09:40,538 ''Thereupon l drove to the site and saw near it great mounds of earth. 899 01:09:41,337 --> 01:09:44,334 ''Several SS trucks stood in front of them. 900 01:09:44,973 --> 01:09:47,411 ''l heard rifle shots, in quick succession... 901 01:09:47,490 --> 01:09:50,528 ''...coming from behind one of the earth mounds. 902 01:09:51,127 --> 01:09:56,681 ''Those who had just got off the trucks, men, women and children of all ages... 903 01:09:58,000 --> 01:10:02,674 ''...had to undress upon the order of an SS man, who carried a whip. 904 01:10:03,353 --> 01:10:06,749 ''All these people had the regulation yellow patch on their clothes... 905 01:10:06,829 --> 01:10:09,866 ''...and thus could be recognized as Jews. 906 01:10:10,865 --> 01:10:13,342 ''And without screaming or weeping... 907 01:10:14,221 --> 01:10:18,575 ''...these people undressed, stood around in family groups... 908 01:10:20,134 --> 01:10:23,810 ''...kissed each other, said their farewells. 909 01:10:25,049 --> 01:10:28,125 ''l watched a family of about eight, a man and a woman... 910 01:10:28,244 --> 01:10:30,722 ''...with their children and two grown-up daughters. 911 01:10:30,881 --> 01:10:36,595 ''An old woman with snow-white hair was holding the youngest, perhaps a year old... 912 01:10:36,755 --> 01:10:43,629 ''...in her arms and singing to it, tickling it, and the child was cooing with delight. 913 01:10:44,907 --> 01:10:49,381 ''All the people around were looking on with tears in their eyes. 914 01:10:50,421 --> 01:10:53,577 ''The father was holding the hand of a boy about 10 years old... 915 01:10:53,856 --> 01:10:58,971 ''...and speaking to him softly. The boy was fighting his tears. 916 01:10:59,969 --> 01:11:04,324 ''The father pointed to the sky, stroked the boy's head... 917 01:11:06,043 --> 01:11:08,479 ''...seemed to explain something to him. 918 01:11:11,676 --> 01:11:14,792 ''At that moment, the SS man at the pit shouted to his comrades. 919 01:11:15,832 --> 01:11:19,627 ''The latter counted off about 30 persons and instructed them... 920 01:11:19,706 --> 01:11:21,664 ''...to go behind the earth mound. 921 01:11:21,904 --> 01:11:24,421 ''Among them was the family that l have mentioned. 922 01:11:24,941 --> 01:11:28,497 ''l well remember a girl, slim and with black hair, who... 923 01:11:28,578 --> 01:11:32,973 ''...as she passed close to me, pointed to herself and said: 924 01:11:34,131 --> 01:11:35,730 '''Twenty-three.' 925 01:11:36,249 --> 01:11:41,883 ''l then walked around the mound, and was confronted by an enormous grave. 926 01:11:43,320 --> 01:11:47,037 ''People were closely wedged together and lying on top of each other so that... 927 01:11:47,516 --> 01:11:49,354 ''...only their heads were visible. 928 01:11:49,873 --> 01:11:52,590 ''Nearly all had blood running over their shoulders. 929 01:11:53,310 --> 01:11:57,304 ''Some of the people shot were still moving. 930 01:11:57,984 --> 01:12:01,220 ''Some were lifting their arms and turning their heads... 931 01:12:01,300 --> 01:12:03,337 ''...to show that they were still alive. 932 01:12:04,536 --> 01:12:07,014 ''The pit was at least two-thirds full. 933 01:12:07,693 --> 01:12:12,487 ''l estimated that it already contained about one thousand humans. 934 01:12:12,927 --> 01:12:15,485 ''The victims, completely naked... 935 01:12:15,965 --> 01:12:19,800 ''...went down some steps which were cut out of the clay wall of the pit and... 936 01:12:20,159 --> 01:12:23,156 ''...clambered over the heads of the people lying there... 937 01:12:23,955 --> 01:12:27,990 ''...to the place where the SS man had directed them. 938 01:12:28,151 --> 01:12:32,985 ''They lay down in front of the dead or injured. 939 01:12:34,223 --> 01:12:37,100 ''Some caressed those who were still alive... 940 01:12:37,419 --> 01:12:39,936 ''...and spoke to them in low voices. 941 01:12:40,176 --> 01:12:43,173 ''Then l heard a series of shots. 942 01:12:43,732 --> 01:12:47,608 ''l looked back into the pit and saw that the bodies were twitching. 943 01:12:49,047 --> 01:12:54,000 ''The heads lying already motionless were on top of the bodies that lay... 944 01:12:55,998 --> 01:12:57,357 ''...beneath them. 945 01:12:57,717 --> 01:13:03,030 ''When l walked back, around the mound, l noticed another truckload had arrived. 946 01:13:03,390 --> 01:13:06,467 ''This time it included the sick and the infirm. 947 01:13:07,466 --> 01:13:11,142 ''An old, very thin, very frail woman... 948 01:13:11,302 --> 01:13:16,736 ''...with terribly thin legs, was undressed by the others who were already naked... 949 01:13:16,856 --> 01:13:18,573 ''...while two people held her up. 950 01:13:18,893 --> 01:13:20,651 ''The woman was obviously paralyzed. 951 01:13:22,249 --> 01:13:23,888 ''The naked people... 952 01:13:25,685 --> 01:13:27,483 ''...carried the old woman... 953 01:13:28,442 --> 01:13:30,320 ''...around the mound... 954 01:13:34,155 --> 01:13:38,031 ''...and the shooting continued.'' 955 01:13:43,226 --> 01:13:47,301 Signed, Friedrich Graebe. 956 01:13:55,012 --> 01:13:58,009 Did any of you ever hear of this Graebe? 957 01:14:33,169 --> 01:14:34,727 Rough day, Reichsmarschall? 958 01:14:34,927 --> 01:14:36,005 On the contrary. 959 01:14:36,086 --> 01:14:39,042 We had an excellent lunch, a nice view of the city. 960 01:14:39,202 --> 01:14:42,679 And in the courtroom, we had the best seats in the house. 961 01:14:42,879 --> 01:14:44,197 Cuffs off! 962 01:14:44,836 --> 01:14:48,832 They go on about this Graebe person. lt doesn't concern us. 963 01:14:48,871 --> 01:14:50,430 We were not even mentioned. 964 01:14:50,550 --> 01:14:53,506 They must have very little evidence against us. 965 01:14:53,547 --> 01:14:57,742 l always suspected the British prosecutor was a Jew. Now l am sure of it! 966 01:14:57,822 --> 01:15:00,538 - Shut up, Streicher. - Please, don't be so na.ive! 967 01:15:00,698 --> 01:15:02,257 We are on trial! 968 01:15:03,256 --> 01:15:05,732 Of course they'll say terrible things about us. 969 01:15:05,812 --> 01:15:08,410 - They have not even begun. - Lock them up. 970 01:15:11,167 --> 01:15:12,764 Happy dreams, Leutnant. 971 01:15:13,843 --> 01:15:15,322 Good night, Reichsmarschall. 972 01:15:19,957 --> 01:15:24,471 Your Honors, l would like to read into the record Document 294-PS... 973 01:15:24,710 --> 01:15:28,826 ...which describes manpower initiatives and how they were directed. 974 01:15:30,105 --> 01:15:34,780 You have already read into record eight nearly identical documents on this subject. 975 01:15:35,460 --> 01:15:38,576 Do you really feel it's necessary to introduce a ninth? 976 01:15:38,656 --> 01:15:40,653 Yes, your honor, l do. 977 01:15:40,693 --> 01:15:43,530 Very well. Please continue. 978 01:15:44,769 --> 01:15:47,805 Document 294-PS begins as follows... 979 01:15:52,120 --> 01:15:56,356 l have come to the conclusion the sentences are already being carried out. 980 01:15:56,676 --> 01:16:01,789 Justice Jackson means to bore us to death and is succeeding beyond his hopes. 981 01:16:02,748 --> 01:16:08,062 Now the Fuhrer, what a speaker! At a rally, here in Nuremberg... 982 01:16:08,222 --> 01:16:12,297 ...he held an audience of 250,000 people in the palm of his hand... 983 01:16:12,337 --> 01:16:14,455 ...for an entire afternoon. 984 01:16:15,373 --> 01:16:16,812 As legal strategy... 985 01:16:16,852 --> 01:16:20,090 ...your documentary approach has been unassailable. 986 01:16:20,369 --> 01:16:24,444 But as drama, it is, l regret to say, absolutely stultifying. 987 01:16:25,044 --> 01:16:29,159 As you know, it's not meant to be entertainment. lt's meant to be a trial. 988 01:16:29,238 --> 01:16:33,234 - And it's ours to lose. - A trial is a show, Robert. 989 01:16:33,834 --> 01:16:35,712 Like it or not, it's a show. 990 01:16:36,750 --> 01:16:39,547 And those four learned men sitting on the bench... 991 01:16:39,627 --> 01:16:42,104 ...are as impressionable as any audience. 992 01:16:45,101 --> 01:16:46,699 You're pushing for witnesses? 993 01:16:47,338 --> 01:16:50,175 Witnesses will give this trial a human face. 994 01:16:50,734 --> 01:16:54,370 One compelling witness can outweigh a ton of documentary evidence. 995 01:17:01,162 --> 01:17:05,478 Mr. Pachelogg, while you were imprisoned in Dachau... 996 01:17:05,836 --> 01:17:09,234 ...were you at one time asked to participate in a medical experiment? 997 01:17:09,674 --> 01:17:10,352 Yes. 998 01:17:10,433 --> 01:17:13,549 And the Nazi doctor who supervised that experiment, Dr. Rascher... 999 01:17:13,629 --> 01:17:16,586 ...did he ever explain to you its purpose? 1000 01:17:17,185 --> 01:17:19,343 He said the Luftwaffe had a problem. 1001 01:17:19,422 --> 01:17:23,258 That its pilots shot down over the North Sea... 1002 01:17:23,378 --> 01:17:29,730 ...often survived a crash in freezing waters only to die later, after being rescued. 1003 01:17:31,009 --> 01:17:36,123 The purpose of the experiment was to prevent these deaths. 1004 01:17:37,202 --> 01:17:39,679 And what experiment did he devise? 1005 01:17:42,795 --> 01:17:47,949 First, l helped to strip other male inmates naked... 1006 01:17:48,069 --> 01:17:49,827 ...and put them into water tanks. 1007 01:17:49,908 --> 01:17:52,904 You were forced to do this to fellow inmates? 1008 01:17:53,343 --> 01:17:54,343 Yes. 1009 01:17:55,502 --> 01:17:56,540 And then? 1010 01:17:58,179 --> 01:18:01,735 Then we added large pieces of ice. 1011 01:18:06,730 --> 01:18:12,283 We put thermometers into their rectums to make sure the men were freezing. 1012 01:18:14,840 --> 01:18:17,317 Then, some of them we plunged into hot water... 1013 01:18:17,357 --> 01:18:22,831 ...others in warm water, others we put next to naked female inmates... 1014 01:18:23,870 --> 01:18:28,104 ...so the doctor could learn which method would best revive them. 1015 01:18:31,580 --> 01:18:34,298 Mr. Pachelogg, would you be so kind... 1016 01:18:35,057 --> 01:18:38,612 ...as to read this conclusion... 1017 01:18:39,012 --> 01:18:42,368 ...from Dr. Rascher's meticulous records. 1018 01:18:49,521 --> 01:18:54,115 ''Rapid rewarming was, in all cases, preferable to slow rewarming... 1019 01:18:54,475 --> 01:18:57,112 ''...because after removal from the cold water... 1020 01:18:57,352 --> 01:19:00,668 ''...the body temperature continued to drop rapidly. 1021 01:19:01,068 --> 01:19:04,624 ''Rewarming by animal warmth was too slow.'' 1022 01:19:08,140 --> 01:19:08,939 Thank you. 1023 01:19:10,457 --> 01:19:14,653 Mr. Pachelogg, do you recall whatever became of the subjects of... 1024 01:19:14,891 --> 01:19:17,648 ...Dr. Rascher's experiments on behalf of... 1025 01:19:18,767 --> 01:19:20,086 ...the Luftwaffe? 1026 01:19:25,240 --> 01:19:28,836 Most of them went into convulsions and died. 1027 01:19:33,831 --> 01:19:35,109 Thank you. 1028 01:19:38,586 --> 01:19:44,779 ln 1942, l was arrested, interrogated and ordered to sign a false confession. 1029 01:19:45,738 --> 01:19:46,896 l refused. 1030 01:19:47,575 --> 01:19:49,453 The German officer threatened me. 1031 01:19:49,893 --> 01:19:53,368 l told him, ''l am not afraid of being shot.'' 1032 01:19:54,887 --> 01:19:59,802 He said, ''We have means at our disposal which are far worse than being shot.'' 1033 01:20:03,277 --> 01:20:04,876 Please continue, Madame. 1034 01:20:06,833 --> 01:20:11,788 Soon afterwards, l found myself packed with 230 other French women... 1035 01:20:11,827 --> 01:20:14,665 ...in a sealed train on our way to Auschwitz. 1036 01:20:14,744 --> 01:20:15,783 A sealed train? 1037 01:20:16,142 --> 01:20:18,580 No food, no water. Nothing. 1038 01:20:20,339 --> 01:20:24,374 At Auschwitz, the trains ran almost all the way to the gas chamber. 1039 01:20:26,172 --> 01:20:27,810 They unsealed the cars... 1040 01:20:28,290 --> 01:20:30,447 ...and the soldiers let everyone out. 1041 01:20:32,405 --> 01:20:38,278 l saw men, women, children, old couples... 1042 01:20:38,997 --> 01:20:40,836 ...forced to part from each other. 1043 01:20:42,154 --> 01:20:44,591 Mothers made to abandon their children. 1044 01:20:47,587 --> 01:20:49,985 None were aware of the fate that awaited them. 1045 01:20:51,144 --> 01:20:53,301 Those selected for the gas chamber... 1046 01:20:53,421 --> 01:20:56,178 ...were immediately driven to a red brick building. 1047 01:20:57,336 --> 01:21:00,933 l saw my friend, Annette, on that truck. 1048 01:21:01,932 --> 01:21:03,409 She called to me. 1049 01:21:04,728 --> 01:21:08,444 ''Think of my little boy if you ever get back to France.'' 1050 01:21:11,002 --> 01:21:14,078 Then she put her arms around another French woman... 1051 01:21:14,678 --> 01:21:17,195 ...and they began singing La Marseillaise. 1052 01:21:18,992 --> 01:21:22,709 One night, we were awakened by horrible cries. 1053 01:21:23,827 --> 01:21:27,863 The next day we learned that the Nazis had run out of gas... 1054 01:21:28,821 --> 01:21:32,258 ...and the children had been thrown into the furnaces alive. 1055 01:21:34,655 --> 01:21:38,051 Of the 230 women on that train... 1056 01:21:39,090 --> 01:21:41,766 ...how many returned from Auschwitz? 1057 01:21:42,326 --> 01:21:43,644 Forty-nine. 1058 01:21:45,442 --> 01:21:46,800 Thank you, Madame. 1059 01:21:47,240 --> 01:21:48,479 You're excused. 1060 01:22:25,437 --> 01:22:26,636 There you are. 1061 01:22:27,595 --> 01:22:31,350 The film came in late last night, and l was up until dawn watching it. 1062 01:22:31,830 --> 01:22:33,948 Very few people have seen this film. 1063 01:22:34,028 --> 01:22:36,984 You have got to enter this into evidence this morning. 1064 01:22:38,343 --> 01:22:39,621 What's the film? 1065 01:22:40,740 --> 01:22:42,458 You're not going to believe this. 1066 01:22:46,375 --> 01:22:47,932 May it please the tribunal. 1067 01:22:48,133 --> 01:22:50,770 The United States now offers a film into evidence. 1068 01:22:51,129 --> 01:22:55,924 lt was compiled from motion pictures taken by Allied military photographers... 1069 01:22:56,003 --> 01:23:00,398 ...as their armies liberated areas in which concentration camps were located. 1070 01:23:09,028 --> 01:23:09,827 Go. 1071 01:28:14,057 --> 01:28:18,382 lt was such a nice day, laughing, joking... 1072 01:28:20,503 --> 01:28:23,122 ...and then they showed that horrid film. 1073 01:28:24,703 --> 01:28:27,697 Propaganda. Anyone can do it. 1074 01:28:27,863 --> 01:28:31,773 A little of this, a little of that, and before you know it... 1075 01:28:34,932 --> 01:28:36,180 Still... 1076 01:28:38,633 --> 01:28:40,131 Those films... 1077 01:28:40,671 --> 01:28:44,871 l've read any number of affidavits, reports, statistics. 1078 01:28:46,202 --> 01:28:49,196 But l didn't really understand until l saw those films. 1079 01:28:53,022 --> 01:28:54,436 l still don't understand. 1080 01:28:55,517 --> 01:28:57,180 l don't think l ever will. 1081 01:28:59,258 --> 01:29:03,666 How could civilized human beings do that to other civilized human beings? 1082 01:29:08,283 --> 01:29:10,279 Maybe civilization's overrated. 1083 01:29:16,600 --> 01:29:18,014 Good night, Leutnant. 1084 01:29:18,097 --> 01:29:19,719 Goodnight, Reichsmarschall. 1085 01:31:02,621 --> 01:31:06,095 I cannot help asking... shouldn’t the Fürer had stood by us 1086 01:31:06,131 --> 01:31:10,189 and share responsibility instead of killing himself? 1087 01:31:10,226 --> 01:31:14,211 You would have the Fürer stand before the court 1088 01:31:14,248 --> 01:31:19,035 and be subjected to the same humiliations which we must endure? 1089 01:31:19,702 --> 01:31:23,166 You cant! you fool! 1090 01:31:23,202 --> 01:31:24,929 You are giving them what they want! 1091 01:31:24,966 --> 01:31:27,109 they want you to think like defendants. 1092 01:31:27,146 --> 01:31:31,442 they want you to stand up and say you were wrong. 1093 01:31:31,478 --> 01:31:36,767 They would do anything... offer you anything to hear this words. 1094 01:31:36,803 --> 01:31:41,598 to save ourselves are we willing to betray the Fürer? 1095 01:31:41,634 --> 01:31:44,968 betray the party? betray the fatherland? 1096 01:31:45,004 --> 01:31:49,552 I say to you all... that I would rather die gladly 1097 01:31:49,558 --> 01:31:56,379 than say we were wrong 1098 01:31:58,022 --> 01:32:05,727 am I all alone? am I all that is left? 1099 01:32:37,323 --> 01:32:40,992 Dr. Speer, help me understand what l witnessed today in the dining room. 1100 01:32:42,034 --> 01:32:45,661 Goring's ability to dominate and intimidate without possessing... 1101 01:32:45,745 --> 01:32:47,246 ...a real shred of power. 1102 01:32:47,830 --> 01:32:49,206 How do you explain that? 1103 01:32:50,956 --> 01:32:53,166 Habit. lnstinct. 1104 01:32:54,333 --> 01:32:57,585 Something in the German character that responds to authority... 1105 01:32:58,126 --> 01:32:59,628 ...real or imagined. 1106 01:32:59,711 --> 01:33:01,128 - That's all it is? - Yeah. 1107 01:33:01,379 --> 01:33:05,006 What about the ideas he expressed? The words, thoughts, they had no impact? 1108 01:33:05,590 --> 01:33:07,716 What ideas? What thoughts? 1109 01:33:08,424 --> 01:33:10,092 There were only platitudes. 1110 01:33:10,175 --> 01:33:12,844 Nazi Germany was built on empty platitudes. 1111 01:33:14,844 --> 01:33:18,805 A man like you, you were seduced by empty platitudes? 1112 01:33:20,932 --> 01:33:22,016 Of course. 1113 01:33:22,141 --> 01:33:24,934 Because you can hear in them any meaning you want. 1114 01:33:28,312 --> 01:33:30,730 You said earlier you wanted to tell me something. 1115 01:33:35,107 --> 01:33:38,526 l've been trying to encourage some of the other defendants... 1116 01:33:39,693 --> 01:33:43,029 ...to join with me in accepting guilt and expressing remorse. 1117 01:33:43,695 --> 01:33:46,406 l made progress with Frank, and l have had high hopes... 1118 01:33:46,531 --> 01:33:47,948 ...for young von Schirach. 1119 01:33:48,114 --> 01:33:50,950 But Goring means to bully them into joining him. 1120 01:33:51,075 --> 01:33:53,326 And l fear now, he will succeed. 1121 01:33:54,034 --> 01:33:55,494 Unless someone stops him. 1122 01:33:57,495 --> 01:33:58,537 l understand. 1123 01:34:04,207 --> 01:34:05,374 All rise. 1124 01:34:27,429 --> 01:34:31,598 Herr Goring, do you believe that the Nazi party came into power legally? 1125 01:34:32,182 --> 01:34:36,809 l do. And l am happy to explain in detail the history of those first elections. 1126 01:34:37,060 --> 01:34:41,187 But l will add that once we came to power, we were determined to hold onto it... 1127 01:34:41,229 --> 01:34:42,937 ...under all circumstances. 1128 01:34:43,230 --> 01:34:45,773 We did not want to leave this any longer to chance... 1129 01:34:45,856 --> 01:34:48,150 ...to elections and parliamentary majorities. 1130 01:34:48,400 --> 01:34:50,942 lt had always been our plan once we came to power... 1131 01:34:51,067 --> 01:34:53,194 ...that we would eliminate the Reichstag... 1132 01:34:53,320 --> 01:34:56,404 ...dissolve the regional parliaments, end individual rights. 1133 01:34:57,071 --> 01:35:00,574 Where did the idea come from to combine the ceremonial head of state... 1134 01:35:00,906 --> 01:35:04,033 ...and the head of government in one person, Adolf Hitler? 1135 01:35:05,034 --> 01:35:09,161 That's quite simple. We took our example from the similar dual roles... 1136 01:35:09,245 --> 01:35:11,371 ...of the President of the United States. 1137 01:35:14,872 --> 01:35:16,791 And the idea for concentration camps? 1138 01:35:16,916 --> 01:35:18,209 The idea was mine. 1139 01:35:22,169 --> 01:35:24,128 lt was a question of removing danger. 1140 01:35:25,255 --> 01:35:27,088 Only one course was available. 1141 01:35:27,172 --> 01:35:28,589 Protective custody. 1142 01:35:29,006 --> 01:35:31,883 How could the party rule until it had established order? 1143 01:35:32,217 --> 01:35:35,219 And how could it maintain order with its deadly enemies... 1144 01:35:35,302 --> 01:35:37,804 ...particularly the Communists, running free? 1145 01:35:42,973 --> 01:35:44,224 No further questions. 1146 01:36:00,149 --> 01:36:03,194 l don't get it. He's tightening the noose around his own neck. 1147 01:36:03,276 --> 01:36:05,486 He doesn't care. He has bigger fish to fry. 1148 01:36:05,570 --> 01:36:09,071 He's talking over the heads of the tribunal directly to the German people. 1149 01:36:09,155 --> 01:36:13,241 l suggest you isolate him from the others when they're not in the courtroom. 1150 01:36:21,745 --> 01:36:23,997 l don't understand. Why are you doing this? 1151 01:36:24,455 --> 01:36:25,247 lnside. 1152 01:36:31,960 --> 01:36:34,044 Me? l'm just following orders. 1153 01:36:51,679 --> 01:36:52,722 During cross... 1154 01:36:52,805 --> 01:36:56,100 ...hit Goring quick and hard. Put him on the defensive right away. 1155 01:36:56,140 --> 01:36:57,642 Never let him breathe. 1156 01:36:58,142 --> 01:37:01,435 l see no point in that at all. He's blatantly incriminating himself. 1157 01:37:01,977 --> 01:37:05,103 All l need to do is ask direct questions and let him answer them. 1158 01:37:05,395 --> 01:37:08,147 Be prepared with a tough line of questioning. 1159 01:37:08,481 --> 01:37:09,690 ln case it's needed. 1160 01:37:11,649 --> 01:37:13,109 - Thank you. - Sure. 1161 01:37:17,028 --> 01:37:19,279 Why am l being punished like a schoolboy? 1162 01:37:20,238 --> 01:37:21,030 Speer? 1163 01:37:21,488 --> 01:37:22,822 Speer's behind this. 1164 01:37:23,032 --> 01:37:26,783 He must have talked to Colonel Andrus, persuaded him into this line of action. 1165 01:37:26,825 --> 01:37:28,617 How do you know it wasn't me? 1166 01:37:29,452 --> 01:37:32,954 Why Dr. Speer? ls there rivalry between the two of you? 1167 01:37:33,036 --> 01:37:35,706 He is ashamed of being a Nazi. l'm not. 1168 01:37:35,997 --> 01:37:38,249 He wishes to infect the others with his shame. 1169 01:37:38,331 --> 01:37:39,707 You have no shame? 1170 01:37:40,332 --> 01:37:44,085 The world has now seen proof of the horrors committed by Nazi Germany. 1171 01:37:44,168 --> 01:37:46,128 You are comfortable defending it? 1172 01:37:46,169 --> 01:37:49,296 l've seen so many horrors already. The carnage of the First War... 1173 01:37:49,380 --> 01:37:52,674 ...thousands of my countrymen maimed, degraded, starved. 1174 01:37:54,091 --> 01:37:55,592 No, my dear doctor. 1175 01:37:56,050 --> 01:37:59,302 l am not an inhuman monster who has no regard for human life. 1176 01:37:59,594 --> 01:38:02,346 These atrocities are not indifferent to me. 1177 01:38:04,180 --> 01:38:07,516 You know, we are accused of so many appalling acts... 1178 01:38:07,723 --> 01:38:09,225 ...it is hard to keep track. 1179 01:38:09,683 --> 01:38:12,017 - Did you try? - My concern was war. 1180 01:38:12,518 --> 01:38:15,144 And in war, each nation has its own selfish interest. 1181 01:38:15,853 --> 01:38:17,313 You have to be practical. 1182 01:38:17,813 --> 01:38:21,106 l am a practical man. And l'm a soldier. 1183 01:38:21,774 --> 01:38:23,858 And a soldier's code is obedience. 1184 01:38:25,526 --> 01:38:26,526 Obedience. 1185 01:38:26,568 --> 01:38:28,110 This amuses you? 1186 01:38:28,569 --> 01:38:30,820 Blind obedience without responsibility. 1187 01:38:30,905 --> 01:38:32,697 ls there nobody in this country... 1188 01:38:32,822 --> 01:38:36,741 ...that will take responsibility for anything? Nobody who can say no? 1189 01:38:36,824 --> 01:38:40,034 Take a look at every cell in this block. What do you see? 1190 01:38:40,492 --> 01:38:41,327 Yes men. 1191 01:38:42,036 --> 01:38:44,120 All the no men are six feet underground. 1192 01:38:47,664 --> 01:38:48,831 What is this? 1193 01:38:51,499 --> 01:38:53,167 You're not Jewish, are you? 1194 01:38:58,128 --> 01:38:59,963 Yes. l am. 1195 01:39:06,049 --> 01:39:07,299 l see. 1196 01:39:10,718 --> 01:39:13,012 This is a very interesting situation. 1197 01:39:13,929 --> 01:39:15,221 For both of us. 1198 01:39:30,272 --> 01:39:31,689 Good luck, old boy. 1199 01:39:35,066 --> 01:39:36,484 So, what's his plan? 1200 01:39:37,151 --> 01:39:38,568 l haven't a clue. 1201 01:39:45,155 --> 01:39:47,324 Will the witness repeat this oath after me? 1202 01:39:49,408 --> 01:39:51,868 ''l swear by God the Almighty and Omniscient...'' 1203 01:39:52,576 --> 01:39:54,870 l swear by God the Almighty and Omniscient... 1204 01:39:55,077 --> 01:39:57,454 ''...that l will speak the pure truth... 1205 01:39:57,579 --> 01:39:59,706 ''...and will withhold and add nothing.'' 1206 01:39:59,956 --> 01:40:03,667 That l will speak the pure truth and will withhold and add nothing. 1207 01:40:06,042 --> 01:40:07,418 Mr. Chief Prosecutor? 1208 01:40:23,094 --> 01:40:26,221 You are perhaps aware that you are the only living man... 1209 01:40:26,596 --> 01:40:28,181 ...who can expound to us... 1210 01:40:28,264 --> 01:40:32,432 ...the true purposes of the Nazi Party and the inner workings of its leadership. 1211 01:40:32,600 --> 01:40:34,184 l am perfectly aware of that. 1212 01:40:34,267 --> 01:40:35,893 You, from the very beginning... 1213 01:40:35,977 --> 01:40:39,228 ...together with those who you were associated with... 1214 01:40:39,813 --> 01:40:42,523 ...intended to overthrow, and later on did overthrow... 1215 01:40:42,939 --> 01:40:46,107 ...Germany's previous government, the Weimar Republic? 1216 01:40:46,191 --> 01:40:47,817 That was my firm intention. 1217 01:40:48,068 --> 01:40:52,277 And upon coming to power you immediately abolished parliamentary... 1218 01:40:52,612 --> 01:40:54,488 ...democratic government in Germany. 1219 01:40:55,113 --> 01:40:57,071 We found it no longer to be necessary. 1220 01:40:57,447 --> 01:41:00,241 ls it not true that people were subsequently thrown... 1221 01:41:00,282 --> 01:41:03,492 ...into concentration camps without recourse from the courts? 1222 01:41:03,576 --> 01:41:06,119 You must distinguish between two categories. 1223 01:41:06,703 --> 01:41:09,663 Those who had committed a treason against the new state... 1224 01:41:09,871 --> 01:41:11,497 ...were turned over to the courts. 1225 01:41:11,581 --> 01:41:13,790 Others, of whom one might expect such acts... 1226 01:41:13,874 --> 01:41:15,624 ...but who had not yet committed them... 1227 01:41:15,709 --> 01:41:18,168 ...such as functionaries of the Communist Party... 1228 01:41:18,251 --> 01:41:19,627 ...who were attacking us-- 1229 01:41:19,710 --> 01:41:21,128 You answered the question. 1230 01:41:21,295 --> 01:41:22,795 l need to explain further. 1231 01:41:22,837 --> 01:41:24,963 You'll have the opportunity to explain... 1232 01:41:25,047 --> 01:41:27,299 ...under re-examination from your own counsel. 1233 01:41:28,799 --> 01:41:32,927 Did you prohibit all court review of the cause for taking people... 1234 01:41:33,009 --> 01:41:35,594 ...into what you were calling ''protective custody''? 1235 01:41:35,678 --> 01:41:38,930 That l answered very clearly, but l'd like to make an explanation... 1236 01:41:38,972 --> 01:41:40,223 ...about my answer. 1237 01:41:40,305 --> 01:41:42,766 Your counsel will see to that. About the camps-- 1238 01:41:42,850 --> 01:41:44,350 Mr. Justice Jackson. 1239 01:41:44,433 --> 01:41:47,269 The Tribunal thinks the witness must be allowed to make... 1240 01:41:47,351 --> 01:41:50,396 ...what explanation he thinks right in answer to this question. 1241 01:41:57,148 --> 01:41:59,650 The Tribunal thinks that you should be permitted... 1242 01:41:59,734 --> 01:42:01,567 ...to explain your answer now... 1243 01:42:01,652 --> 01:42:04,194 ...and it will listen to that explanation. 1244 01:42:07,864 --> 01:42:09,907 l want to say that l issued a decree... 1245 01:42:09,989 --> 01:42:13,034 ...that those who were turned over to the concentration camps... 1246 01:42:13,325 --> 01:42:16,994 ...should be informed after 24 hours of the reason... 1247 01:42:17,660 --> 01:42:19,829 ...and allowed an attorney after 48 hours. 1248 01:42:19,912 --> 01:42:23,372 This by no means rescinded my order that a court review... 1249 01:42:23,457 --> 01:42:25,498 ...of these measures was not permitted. 1250 01:42:25,582 --> 01:42:27,416 By ''protective custody'' you mean... 1251 01:42:27,500 --> 01:42:30,585 ...taking people in custody who had not yet committed a crime... 1252 01:42:30,668 --> 01:42:33,129 ...but you believed might commit a crime in the future? 1253 01:42:33,211 --> 01:42:36,964 Yes, just as extensive protective measures are being taken in Germany today-- 1254 01:42:37,089 --> 01:42:39,465 l didn't ask you about Germany today. 1255 01:42:39,549 --> 01:42:40,841 Mr. Justice Jackson. 1256 01:42:41,050 --> 01:42:42,675 This is poor preparation. 1257 01:42:45,385 --> 01:42:47,971 The witness may finish his explanation. 1258 01:43:02,853 --> 01:43:05,690 You say that you were against the attack on Soviet Russia. 1259 01:43:06,022 --> 01:43:08,899 Yet you gave no warning to the German people. 1260 01:43:09,440 --> 01:43:11,691 You brought no pressure to bear to prevent it. 1261 01:43:11,984 --> 01:43:14,611 You did not even resign to protect your place in history. 1262 01:43:14,693 --> 01:43:18,154 We were at war, and such differences of opinion could not be brought... 1263 01:43:18,238 --> 01:43:20,281 ...before the public during war. 1264 01:43:20,364 --> 01:43:22,157 This was the case in your own country. 1265 01:43:22,239 --> 01:43:23,991 - Your second question-- - That'll suffice. 1266 01:43:24,075 --> 01:43:25,742 l'm not finished. Secondly... 1267 01:43:25,825 --> 01:43:26,701 Your Honor, please. 1268 01:43:26,784 --> 01:43:29,285 The witness must be allowed to have his say. 1269 01:43:30,495 --> 01:43:32,454 As far as my resignation... 1270 01:43:32,537 --> 01:43:34,830 ...l do not wish even to discuss that... 1271 01:43:35,123 --> 01:43:37,416 ...for l was an officer, a soldier. 1272 01:43:37,832 --> 01:43:39,250 l served my country. 1273 01:43:39,334 --> 01:43:40,334 - l ask you-- - Thirdly-- 1274 01:43:40,417 --> 01:43:41,418 Your Honor, please! 1275 01:43:41,500 --> 01:43:42,335 Thirdly... 1276 01:43:42,376 --> 01:43:44,920 ...l was not the man to forsake someone... 1277 01:43:45,003 --> 01:43:47,213 ...to whom l had given my oath of loyalty... 1278 01:43:47,297 --> 01:43:49,547 ...every time he was not to my way of thinking. 1279 01:43:49,630 --> 01:43:50,340 Your Honor-- 1280 01:43:50,423 --> 01:43:53,633 lt never, ever occurred to me to leave the Fuhrer. 1281 01:43:55,843 --> 01:43:58,303 The witness is adopting a contemptuous attitude... 1282 01:43:58,386 --> 01:43:59,429 ...toward this Tribunal... 1283 01:43:59,512 --> 01:44:02,764 ...which is giving him trial that he never gave a living soul... 1284 01:44:02,847 --> 01:44:04,223 ...nor dead ones either! 1285 01:44:04,306 --> 01:44:06,015 Objection, Your Honor. 1286 01:44:11,978 --> 01:44:13,728 l'm ready for the next question. 1287 01:44:24,902 --> 01:44:27,986 l think this is probably a good point to adjourn for the day. 1288 01:44:53,627 --> 01:44:55,211 Tough calls from the bench. 1289 01:44:55,836 --> 01:44:57,463 Well, it's only Round One. 1290 01:44:58,504 --> 01:45:01,256 lf you think you need anything, don't forget, l'm here. 1291 01:45:26,979 --> 01:45:30,106 As the week ends, there's a consensus among all present... 1292 01:45:30,274 --> 01:45:33,692 ...that Hermann Goring now appears to be in control of the court. 1293 01:45:34,233 --> 01:45:37,985 Will Jackson? Will anyone be able to stop him? 1294 01:45:42,072 --> 01:45:43,072 Yes, Bob? 1295 01:45:46,323 --> 01:45:49,700 You know, Judge, l didn't leave the Supreme Court to come here... 1296 01:45:49,785 --> 01:45:52,036 ...and be thwarted by a fellow countrymen. 1297 01:45:52,662 --> 01:45:55,454 That sounds like sour grapes. Very unbecoming. 1298 01:45:55,746 --> 01:45:59,790 To an outsider, it might appear like you were trying to sabotage me. 1299 01:46:00,665 --> 01:46:04,585 You gave Goring an open forum during direct examination. 1300 01:46:04,667 --> 01:46:06,878 l must be able to control him during cross. 1301 01:46:08,420 --> 01:46:11,631 Just accept the fact that you weren't at the top of your game today. 1302 01:46:12,464 --> 01:46:14,924 You have the weekend to prepare for the next round. 1303 01:46:15,632 --> 01:46:16,883 Make good use of it. 1304 01:46:48,986 --> 01:46:51,654 - Not hungry, sir? - l'm too excited to eat. 1305 01:46:54,155 --> 01:46:55,697 Did you hear what l said? 1306 01:46:55,948 --> 01:46:58,533 My reply when he asked me why l did not resign? 1307 01:46:59,115 --> 01:47:00,700 l lectured him about loyalty! 1308 01:47:00,784 --> 01:47:02,911 You should have seen Jackson's face. 1309 01:47:03,619 --> 01:47:06,120 lt was a completely foreign concept to him. 1310 01:47:06,204 --> 01:47:09,081 lf l didn't know better, l would say Jackson was a Jew. 1311 01:47:10,332 --> 01:47:11,539 No. Keep it. 1312 01:47:13,249 --> 01:47:15,417 My initials, see? Engraved. 1313 01:47:16,543 --> 01:47:17,793 lt's real nice. 1314 01:47:19,420 --> 01:47:20,462 l'll never forget this. 1315 01:47:20,545 --> 01:47:22,172 l know, Leutnant. l know. 1316 01:47:23,047 --> 01:47:24,255 Sit down. 1317 01:47:25,548 --> 01:47:28,884 You know, my friends call me Tex. 1318 01:47:30,134 --> 01:47:31,761 All right, Tex. 1319 01:47:32,510 --> 01:47:34,721 Let me tell you something, Tex. 1320 01:47:34,803 --> 01:47:38,097 America will soon learn that they are backing the wrong philosophy. 1321 01:47:38,181 --> 01:47:41,057 We should both be together fighting the forces of Communism. 1322 01:47:41,808 --> 01:47:43,058 - You think? - Yeah. 1323 01:47:43,892 --> 01:47:44,976 You think? 1324 01:47:45,226 --> 01:47:46,352 - Yeah. - Yeah. 1325 01:47:47,019 --> 01:47:49,062 - l think we both agree, no? - Yeah. 1326 01:47:54,858 --> 01:47:56,733 l'd like to dictate a telegram. 1327 01:48:06,656 --> 01:48:08,532 President Truman, the White House. 1328 01:48:08,615 --> 01:48:12,575 ''Please accept my resignation as Chief Prosecutor for the Nuremberg trials... 1329 01:48:12,992 --> 01:48:15,869 ''...and appoint a replacement at the earliest possible-- '' 1330 01:48:16,410 --> 01:48:18,954 l'm not writing this. l won't. 1331 01:48:22,289 --> 01:48:25,291 You saw today that l'm not up to this task. 1332 01:48:25,625 --> 01:48:29,795 l could stay, out of pride, and unravel everything... 1333 01:48:29,877 --> 01:48:33,087 ...we've all worked so hard for. Or l can step aside-- 1334 01:48:33,171 --> 01:48:34,798 Bob, you are this trial. 1335 01:48:35,130 --> 01:48:38,548 Everything it is, everything it represents, is from inside you. 1336 01:48:38,633 --> 01:48:40,467 Your thoughts, your values. 1337 01:48:40,550 --> 01:48:42,426 l tasted failure today... 1338 01:48:43,177 --> 01:48:45,969 ...and realized what it would mean. Not only to myself... 1339 01:48:46,012 --> 01:48:48,055 ...but to everyone connected with this. 1340 01:48:48,138 --> 01:48:50,514 The only way they can triumph over you... 1341 01:48:50,598 --> 01:48:52,891 ...is if their values are stronger than yours. 1342 01:48:53,057 --> 01:48:56,351 lf they believe in their ideals more than you believe in yours. 1343 01:48:58,060 --> 01:48:59,228 ls that true, Bob? 1344 01:49:01,021 --> 01:49:03,563 Does Hermann Goring actually believe in his ideals... 1345 01:49:03,647 --> 01:49:05,732 ...more than you believe in yours? 1346 01:49:39,043 --> 01:49:40,335 You're right. 1347 01:49:42,628 --> 01:49:43,629 And thank you. 1348 01:49:55,469 --> 01:49:56,678 You're welcome. 1349 01:50:27,071 --> 01:50:30,614 Now, look here. What happened wasn't entirely your fault. 1350 01:50:31,781 --> 01:50:34,783 God knows, l'd be hard-pressed to defeat a clever defendant... 1351 01:50:34,867 --> 01:50:38,327 ...who's allowed to say whatever he wants for as long as he wants. 1352 01:50:38,952 --> 01:50:42,204 Now that you've finished with the niceties, let's have the truth. 1353 01:50:43,205 --> 01:50:46,207 Well, it was very damaging, Robert. 1354 01:50:47,791 --> 01:50:50,917 You've introduced this trial from a position of moral superiority. 1355 01:50:51,210 --> 01:50:53,794 And as a result, you've become its chief symbol. 1356 01:50:54,587 --> 01:50:56,129 lf you can't maintain that... 1357 01:50:56,212 --> 01:50:59,422 ...or if the balance shifts ever so slightly it could be a disaster. 1358 01:51:00,340 --> 01:51:02,424 Hermann Goring is using this trial... 1359 01:51:02,634 --> 01:51:06,259 ...to present himself as a philosopher-statesman on Hitler's level. 1360 01:51:06,968 --> 01:51:08,761 Do you see Goring as a statesman? 1361 01:51:09,095 --> 01:51:12,639 No, l do not. l see him as reprehensible. 1362 01:51:13,473 --> 01:51:14,639 As inhuman. 1363 01:51:14,724 --> 01:51:16,057 Then treat him as such. 1364 01:51:16,307 --> 01:51:18,392 Treat him as the vile, conniving... 1365 01:51:18,476 --> 01:51:20,810 ...bloody fascist bastard that he is. 1366 01:51:33,026 --> 01:51:34,235 Where the hell is he? 1367 01:51:34,319 --> 01:51:35,527 He'll be here. 1368 01:52:01,959 --> 01:52:04,585 Mr. Chief Prosecutor, if you are ready. 1369 01:52:05,503 --> 01:52:08,797 From the very beginning, you regarded the elimination of the Jews... 1370 01:52:08,880 --> 01:52:12,799 ...from the economic life of Germany as under your jurisdiction, did you not? 1371 01:52:13,132 --> 01:52:16,843 Yeah. The elimination from economic life, that is partly correct. 1372 01:52:17,551 --> 01:52:21,553 Large industries, also armament industries under Jewish directors. 1373 01:52:21,929 --> 01:52:24,764 Was that the first of your legal measures against the Jews? 1374 01:52:24,848 --> 01:52:27,390 l believe removal from office was first, in 1933. 1375 01:52:27,641 --> 01:52:31,476 Then, in 1936, you personally drafted an act... 1376 01:52:31,934 --> 01:52:35,395 ...making it punishable by death to transfer property abroad? 1377 01:52:35,519 --> 01:52:36,604 That is correct. 1378 01:52:36,688 --> 01:52:40,398 And another that all damage caused to Jewish property... 1379 01:52:40,940 --> 01:52:43,400 ...by the anti-Jewish riots of 1938... 1380 01:52:43,525 --> 01:52:46,027 ...must be repaired by Jews at their own expense... 1381 01:52:46,611 --> 01:52:49,653 ...with their insurance claims forfeited to the Reich. 1382 01:52:50,154 --> 01:52:53,281 l did sign a similar law. Whether it was exactly the same, l... 1383 01:52:53,823 --> 01:52:56,283 And did you not say about those riots... 1384 01:52:57,491 --> 01:52:59,284 l show you this transcript. 1385 01:53:00,869 --> 01:53:04,412 Did you not say, ''l wish you had killed 200 Jews... 1386 01:53:04,662 --> 01:53:06,788 ''...instead of destroying such valuables''? 1387 01:53:07,080 --> 01:53:10,290 That was said in a moment of bad temper and extreme excitement. 1388 01:53:10,541 --> 01:53:12,959 Spontaneous sincerity, in other words. 1389 01:53:13,959 --> 01:53:17,545 Did you not also personally sign a decree in September, 1940... 1390 01:53:17,711 --> 01:53:20,296 ...ordering seizure of all Jewish property in Poland? 1391 01:53:20,505 --> 01:53:22,298 l assume so, if the decree is there. 1392 01:53:22,339 --> 01:53:25,508 And another, which provided that Jews receive no compensation... 1393 01:53:25,591 --> 01:53:29,676 ...for damages caused by enemy attacks or by German forces? 1394 01:53:29,760 --> 01:53:31,969 lf the law bears my name, then it must be so. 1395 01:53:35,180 --> 01:53:36,515 ls this your signature? 1396 01:53:38,349 --> 01:53:39,390 lt appears to be. 1397 01:53:39,474 --> 01:53:42,267 ls it, or is it not, your signature? 1398 01:53:49,730 --> 01:53:50,481 lt is. 1399 01:53:52,023 --> 01:53:53,649 Your signature... 1400 01:53:54,191 --> 01:53:58,402 ...on a decree dated July, 1941 asking Himmler... 1401 01:53:59,193 --> 01:54:01,654 ...and Heydrich and the SS to make plans... 1402 01:54:01,904 --> 01:54:04,363 ...for the ''final solution'' of the Jewish question. 1403 01:54:04,447 --> 01:54:06,489 That is not a proper translation. 1404 01:54:07,866 --> 01:54:10,325 l said ''total'' solution, not ''final'' solution. 1405 01:54:10,367 --> 01:54:12,451 These are your words to Himmler: 1406 01:54:12,994 --> 01:54:16,288 ''l charge you to send me before long an overall plan concerning... 1407 01:54:16,371 --> 01:54:19,580 ''...the organizational, factual and material measures necessary... 1408 01:54:19,914 --> 01:54:22,541 ''...for the desired solution of the Jewish question.'' 1409 01:54:23,709 --> 01:54:27,544 ls that an accurate translation of this order from you to Heydrich and Himmler? 1410 01:54:27,627 --> 01:54:30,629 That had to do with emigration and evacuation of the Jews. 1411 01:54:30,879 --> 01:54:34,090 You ordered all government agencies to cooperate with the SS... 1412 01:54:34,172 --> 01:54:36,423 ...in the final solution of the Jewish question. 1413 01:54:36,840 --> 01:54:38,675 There's nothing in there about the SS. 1414 01:54:38,716 --> 01:54:42,261 This document states you personally ordered all government agencies... 1415 01:54:42,344 --> 01:54:43,929 ...to cooperate with the SS. 1416 01:54:44,345 --> 01:54:46,846 You sent this letter to SS Gruppenfuhrer Heydrich. 1417 01:54:46,931 --> 01:54:50,224 That doesn't mean that the SS had anything to do with the solution... 1418 01:54:50,307 --> 01:54:51,934 ...to the Jewish question. 1419 01:55:05,066 --> 01:55:07,358 Would you mind repeating that? 1420 01:55:09,277 --> 01:55:10,736 l must say this clearly. 1421 01:55:14,237 --> 01:55:16,530 l did not know anything that took place... 1422 01:55:17,406 --> 01:55:21,074 ...or the methods that were used in the concentration camps later. 1423 01:55:21,868 --> 01:55:24,119 These things were kept secret from me. 1424 01:55:25,578 --> 01:55:26,953 And l might add... 1425 01:55:27,704 --> 01:55:29,414 ...that in my opinion... 1426 01:55:29,580 --> 01:55:32,707 ...even the Fuhrer did not know the extent of what was happening. 1427 01:55:39,752 --> 01:55:42,170 Witness, there is evidence before this court... 1428 01:55:42,254 --> 01:55:45,047 ...that nearly 10 million people have been exterminated. 1429 01:55:46,173 --> 01:55:47,674 Murdered in cold blood. 1430 01:55:47,757 --> 01:55:51,176 You mean to say that you did not, and in your opinion, Hitler did not... 1431 01:55:51,259 --> 01:55:53,760 ...know what took place in the concentration camps? 1432 01:55:56,554 --> 01:55:57,305 Yeah. 1433 01:55:59,806 --> 01:56:02,182 Do you know that Hitler said in 1943... 1434 01:56:02,849 --> 01:56:05,893 ...in a recorded meeting, l read you his words now. 1435 01:56:05,976 --> 01:56:09,020 Quote: ''The Reich's Minister of Foreign Affairs... 1436 01:56:09,102 --> 01:56:11,897 ''...declared that the Jews should be exterminated... 1437 01:56:13,104 --> 01:56:15,065 ''...or taken to concentration camps. 1438 01:56:17,066 --> 01:56:18,942 ''There is no other possibility.'' 1439 01:56:19,984 --> 01:56:22,944 The Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ribbentrop... 1440 01:56:23,612 --> 01:56:25,779 ...talked with Hitler about extermination. 1441 01:56:25,863 --> 01:56:28,447 And you were above Ribbentrop. 1442 01:56:28,615 --> 01:56:30,574 You were Hitler's second-in-command. 1443 01:56:30,782 --> 01:56:33,450 You were in charge of the economic Four Year Plan... 1444 01:56:33,534 --> 01:56:35,993 ...so you knew all about the gold wedding rings... 1445 01:56:36,077 --> 01:56:39,912 ...the gold teeth and the gold eyeglasses that the victims left behind. 1446 01:56:40,246 --> 01:56:43,289 And you have heard that it took five extra minutes... 1447 01:56:43,414 --> 01:56:46,458 ...to kill the women because they had to cut their hair off... 1448 01:56:46,541 --> 01:56:48,917 ...to be used in making mattresses. 1449 01:56:49,543 --> 01:56:52,420 And nothing was told to you... 1450 01:56:52,461 --> 01:56:56,047 ...about this material that came from these people that had been murdered? 1451 01:56:56,297 --> 01:56:57,297 No! 1452 01:56:59,632 --> 01:57:00,299 No! 1453 01:57:02,217 --> 01:57:04,302 How can you imagine such a thing? 1454 01:57:07,303 --> 01:57:11,055 l was laying down the broad outlines of the German economy. 1455 01:57:14,557 --> 01:57:16,725 - The witness is excused. - l'm not finished! 1456 01:57:16,768 --> 01:57:19,019 - The witness is excused. - l am not finished! 1457 01:57:19,769 --> 01:57:21,686 The witness is excused. 1458 01:57:59,292 --> 01:58:01,169 You know what would've been a great touch? 1459 01:58:01,252 --> 01:58:03,670 Hermann Goring showing up in a Santa outfit. 1460 01:58:04,712 --> 01:58:06,171 He'd probably do it. 1461 01:58:06,254 --> 01:58:09,089 After all, he was the Third Reich's chief bon vivant. 1462 01:58:09,173 --> 01:58:12,258 Did you ever see pictures of him at Hitler's mountain retreat... 1463 01:58:12,341 --> 01:58:15,926 ...dressed like a Tyrollean chorus boy out of some grotesque operetta? 1464 01:58:28,266 --> 01:58:29,142 Excuse me. 1465 01:58:34,063 --> 01:58:35,188 Leaving so soon? 1466 01:58:35,646 --> 01:58:38,148 Some of the defendants asked me to come by tonight. 1467 01:58:38,232 --> 01:58:40,565 A little Christmas Eve chat with their rabbi. 1468 01:58:43,652 --> 01:58:47,236 You know the trial is about to enter a new phase, a very important one. 1469 01:58:47,320 --> 01:58:51,614 The defendants will have to choose between stonewalling and evading... 1470 01:58:51,697 --> 01:58:54,032 ...or taking responsibility for their actions. 1471 01:58:54,115 --> 01:58:59,577 Now, you are the best chance we have to influence that choice. 1472 01:59:18,671 --> 01:59:19,630 Frau Hassel? 1473 01:59:20,631 --> 01:59:21,841 ls something wrong? 1474 01:59:22,173 --> 01:59:24,591 Do not ask me to serve the Russians. Please. 1475 01:59:25,009 --> 01:59:26,175 They're our guests. 1476 01:59:27,260 --> 01:59:29,386 My son was killed on the Russian front. 1477 01:59:31,345 --> 01:59:33,806 Okay. l'll take care of this. Go to the kitchen. 1478 01:59:39,016 --> 01:59:41,267 Try these little sausage things, General. 1479 01:59:41,352 --> 01:59:44,728 l forget what Frau Hassel calls them, but l hear they're mighty tasty. 1480 01:59:45,979 --> 01:59:46,938 Madame. 1481 01:59:47,647 --> 01:59:50,731 20 million of my people were killed by the Germans. 1482 01:59:52,191 --> 01:59:55,026 Do you think l could be offended by the snub of a Hausfrau? 1483 01:59:55,984 --> 01:59:57,819 l don't know what to think, General. 1484 01:59:57,902 --> 02:00:00,862 Frankly, l can't keep track of all the politics in this room. 1485 02:00:14,787 --> 02:00:17,414 The Russians sure don't disappear in a crowd, do they? 1486 02:00:17,539 --> 02:00:18,706 Politics. 1487 02:00:19,540 --> 02:00:22,791 They've suffered more in this war than any other country. 1488 02:00:23,417 --> 02:00:26,753 Must be doubly painful to attract such little sympathy for them. 1489 02:00:34,716 --> 02:00:37,842 And Jackson decreed no wives could come along. 1490 02:00:41,469 --> 02:00:43,930 Worked out quite nicely for him, wouldn't you say? 1491 02:01:30,582 --> 02:01:31,874 Merry Christmas. 1492 02:02:36,161 --> 02:02:38,037 This was a very nice gesture. 1493 02:02:41,664 --> 02:02:44,124 l figured it's probably their last Christmas. 1494 02:02:52,171 --> 02:02:53,713 Merry Christmas, Colonel. 1495 02:03:07,013 --> 02:03:08,888 - Field Marshal. - Doctor. 1496 02:03:09,139 --> 02:03:10,181 How are you? 1497 02:03:10,640 --> 02:03:12,391 l'm so glad that you are here. 1498 02:03:13,183 --> 02:03:16,893 Please, sit. You are the only one l can really talk to. 1499 02:03:17,811 --> 02:03:21,354 But you don't talk to me, Field Marshal. Not really. 1500 02:03:22,272 --> 02:03:24,773 - l tell you everything about my family. - Yes. 1501 02:03:25,064 --> 02:03:26,482 But not about you. 1502 02:03:28,150 --> 02:03:30,777 l would like to understand how a man like you... 1503 02:03:30,860 --> 02:03:32,485 ...a man of your background... 1504 02:03:32,569 --> 02:03:35,946 ...could have drafted an instrument like the Commando Order. 1505 02:03:36,530 --> 02:03:39,573 Allied soldiers found behind enemy lines were shot... 1506 02:03:39,906 --> 02:03:41,282 ...rather than captured? 1507 02:03:41,491 --> 02:03:44,368 Or the Night and Fog Decree: suspected Resistance members... 1508 02:03:44,451 --> 02:03:47,703 ...were arrested in the middle of the night and secretly murdered. 1509 02:03:50,288 --> 02:03:51,580 Because of you. 1510 02:03:55,291 --> 02:03:58,209 l know. l am dying of shame. 1511 02:04:01,753 --> 02:04:05,088 Don't you think it's time you admitted that to the rest of the world? 1512 02:04:33,312 --> 02:04:35,982 l'm not in the mood, all right. 1513 02:04:36,690 --> 02:04:37,774 Get off of me. 1514 02:04:37,856 --> 02:04:38,816 Get off! 1515 02:04:56,785 --> 02:04:59,995 You were signing orders that broke international laws and treaties. 1516 02:05:00,037 --> 02:05:02,163 How could you not question what you were doing? 1517 02:05:02,245 --> 02:05:06,166 Does a lieutenant say to his captain, ''Just a minute, sir, l have to consult... 1518 02:05:06,207 --> 02:05:10,085 ''...the Hague Convention to see if l am allowed to carry out your orders?'' 1519 02:05:10,751 --> 02:05:13,212 lf we had disobeyed, we would have been arrested. 1520 02:05:13,294 --> 02:05:14,212 Rightly so. 1521 02:05:14,295 --> 02:05:17,297 You realize without the support of his generals, Herr Jodl... 1522 02:05:17,380 --> 02:05:19,256 ...Hitler could not have waged war. 1523 02:05:19,548 --> 02:05:23,134 lt is a soldier's duty is to obey orders. 1524 02:05:23,967 --> 02:05:26,469 That is a code l have lived by all my life. 1525 02:05:26,552 --> 02:05:29,429 And that code extends to the people who ran the death camps? 1526 02:06:02,823 --> 02:06:03,824 l'm sorry, sir. 1527 02:06:04,658 --> 02:06:07,826 Tex, my friend. Come in. 1528 02:06:09,118 --> 02:06:10,827 - Sit down. - Thank you. 1529 02:06:10,912 --> 02:06:12,204 lt's good to see you. 1530 02:06:13,913 --> 02:06:17,832 l know that Christmastime can be a lonely thing away from home. 1531 02:06:19,375 --> 02:06:21,125 Merry Christmas, Reichsmarschall. 1532 02:06:21,210 --> 02:06:24,211 My dear Tex, what luxury. 1533 02:06:28,171 --> 02:06:28,922 Prost. 1534 02:06:32,590 --> 02:06:33,925 - Cognac. - Yeah. 1535 02:06:36,092 --> 02:06:39,386 So what would you be doing now back in Texas? 1536 02:06:40,762 --> 02:06:44,181 On Christmas morning, we'd open our presents and then go to church. 1537 02:06:44,848 --> 02:06:47,224 Then, we'd head over to Grandma and Grandpa's... 1538 02:06:47,266 --> 02:06:49,184 ...for a big roast turkey dinner. 1539 02:06:49,642 --> 02:06:51,810 After that, Dad, Grandpa and me... 1540 02:06:52,476 --> 02:06:54,895 ...we'd go out back hunting for pheasant, quail. 1541 02:06:55,771 --> 02:06:57,896 Hunting! Hunting was my passion! 1542 02:06:58,731 --> 02:07:00,732 l was Germany's chief gamekeeper. 1543 02:07:00,816 --> 02:07:01,858 No kidding. 1544 02:07:01,941 --> 02:07:04,860 The shooting around my estates at Carinhall was wonderful. 1545 02:07:06,443 --> 02:07:08,278 Did Hitler ever go hunting with you? 1546 02:07:11,114 --> 02:07:15,032 l shouldn't tell you this, but Hitler did not approve of hunting. 1547 02:07:15,699 --> 02:07:18,200 He felt that killing animals was immoral. 1548 02:07:19,284 --> 02:07:21,036 - He was a vegetarian. - Yeah? 1549 02:07:21,285 --> 02:07:22,954 Yes. He was a vegetarian. 1550 02:07:25,455 --> 02:07:29,499 Yeah, but that did not stop him from being the most gracious host in Europe. 1551 02:07:31,166 --> 02:07:34,959 His dinner parties were legend. Always the finest caviar and champagne. 1552 02:07:35,418 --> 02:07:38,337 Thought he did not partake, he was not intolerant. 1553 02:07:38,796 --> 02:07:43,965 He would dazzle his guests with every view under the sun until dawn. 1554 02:07:45,633 --> 02:07:49,926 l remember once we were celebrating the triumph of Compiegne... 1555 02:07:50,595 --> 02:07:52,638 ...where we savored the sweet revenge... 1556 02:07:52,721 --> 02:07:56,389 ...of the French having surrendered in the very same railway car... 1557 02:07:56,473 --> 02:07:59,266 ...that the Germans had capitulated in, in 1918. 1558 02:07:59,308 --> 02:08:00,893 That must've been something. 1559 02:08:01,143 --> 02:08:03,685 lt was, believe me. 1560 02:08:05,102 --> 02:08:06,228 lt was. 1561 02:08:08,980 --> 02:08:13,441 You know... 1562 02:08:13,524 --> 02:08:16,276 ...l have made my career as a military man... 1563 02:08:17,818 --> 02:08:20,903 ...and l have to say you remind me... 1564 02:08:21,946 --> 02:08:25,407 ...of some of the finest young German soldiers who served under me. 1565 02:08:29,325 --> 02:08:30,326 Thank you. 1566 02:08:31,994 --> 02:08:33,078 Merry Christmas. 1567 02:08:48,878 --> 02:08:50,128 Hello, America. 1568 02:08:50,879 --> 02:08:54,006 As Christmas descends upon this sad and broken city... 1569 02:08:54,882 --> 02:08:57,717 ...l'm here, inside her great Palace of Justice. 1570 02:08:59,134 --> 02:09:03,386 And on this Christmas Eve, as we're filled with thoughts of peace on Earth... 1571 02:09:04,304 --> 02:09:06,930 ...it is here that the future of peace... 1572 02:09:07,514 --> 02:09:09,264 ...may well be determined. 1573 02:09:17,979 --> 02:09:21,063 Herr von Ribbentrop, would you agree that as Foreign Minister... 1574 02:09:21,147 --> 02:09:23,940 ...you forced Czechoslovakia to surrender its territory... 1575 02:09:24,024 --> 02:09:26,317 ...by the most intolerable threats of aggression? 1576 02:09:26,400 --> 02:09:27,901 l do not agree. 1577 02:09:28,152 --> 02:09:30,110 You threatened to send your army in. 1578 02:09:30,485 --> 02:09:31,903 ln overwhelming strength. 1579 02:09:32,154 --> 02:09:33,946 And also bomb Prague. 1580 02:09:34,654 --> 02:09:37,490 What further pressure could you possibly have put upon them? 1581 02:09:38,074 --> 02:09:39,449 War, for instance. 1582 02:09:39,907 --> 02:09:40,701 War? 1583 02:09:43,326 --> 02:09:44,869 What is that but war? 1584 02:09:48,247 --> 02:09:51,373 Ribbentrop should be hanged for his stupidity. 1585 02:09:52,207 --> 02:09:54,458 That is the greatest crime of all. 1586 02:10:00,462 --> 02:10:02,338 ln your newspaper, Herr Streicher... 1587 02:10:02,713 --> 02:10:06,674 ...you wrote that the Jews are ''a nation of bloodsuckers and extortionists.'' 1588 02:10:07,465 --> 02:10:09,634 Do you think that's preaching race hatred? 1589 02:10:09,675 --> 02:10:12,468 No. l do not think it's preaching race hatred. 1590 02:10:12,677 --> 02:10:15,054 lt is simply a statement of fact! 1591 02:10:19,181 --> 02:10:20,057 Dr. Funk... 1592 02:10:20,514 --> 02:10:23,516 ...you were President of the Reichsbank during the war? 1593 02:10:23,600 --> 02:10:24,601 l was, yes. 1594 02:10:24,808 --> 02:10:27,894 And you accepted unusual deposits into your bank, didn't you? 1595 02:10:28,436 --> 02:10:30,271 l do not know what you refer to. 1596 02:10:30,353 --> 02:10:34,773 l am referring to deposits sent to you by the SS from concentration camps. 1597 02:10:34,940 --> 02:10:36,857 l have no knowledge of... 1598 02:10:36,941 --> 02:10:40,651 lnside the Reichsbank vaults, there were literally piles of jewelry. 1599 02:10:41,110 --> 02:10:45,028 Gold watches, gold earrings, gold eyeglass frames. 1600 02:10:45,738 --> 02:10:47,114 And gold teeth! 1601 02:10:47,822 --> 02:10:50,616 Many people deposit valuables in a bank... 1602 02:10:50,866 --> 02:10:53,325 ...and the bank is not required to look into them. 1603 02:10:54,076 --> 02:10:57,287 Prior to 1939, exactly how many of your customers... 1604 02:10:57,452 --> 02:10:59,830 ...deposited their teeth into your bank? 1605 02:11:10,752 --> 02:11:13,837 You've heard a guard at Mauthausen concentration camp testify... 1606 02:11:13,921 --> 02:11:18,298 ...that you watched while the gas chamber was demonstrated on inmates. 1607 02:11:18,840 --> 02:11:21,508 l never set foot in Mauthausen! 1608 02:11:21,717 --> 02:11:25,178 And we have heard eyewitness testimony from three people... 1609 02:11:25,219 --> 02:11:27,386 ...that you were at Mauthausen three times. 1610 02:11:27,471 --> 02:11:28,179 They are lying! 1611 02:11:28,262 --> 02:11:29,514 And before he died... 1612 02:11:29,554 --> 02:11:32,306 ...the commandant at Mauthausen signed this statement... 1613 02:11:32,390 --> 02:11:36,600 ...that you ordered him to put 65,000 Jews in a tunnel and seal it off... 1614 02:11:36,684 --> 02:11:39,394 ...rather than allow them to be liberated by the Allies. 1615 02:11:39,477 --> 02:11:40,353 He is lying! 1616 02:11:40,436 --> 02:11:43,646 ls it not a fact that you are lying to the Tribunal about this... 1617 02:11:43,730 --> 02:11:46,440 ...as you lied about everything else in your testimony? 1618 02:11:46,522 --> 02:11:47,691 That is also a lie! 1619 02:11:55,237 --> 02:11:59,197 Kaltenbrunner has asked the commandant of Auschwitz testify in his defense. 1620 02:12:00,365 --> 02:12:03,950 - lf that's a joke, l don't get it. - l don't get it either, but it's no joke. 1621 02:12:04,033 --> 02:12:07,994 The British have him in custody and agree to transfer him here to testify. 1622 02:12:08,202 --> 02:12:11,121 Maybe he just figures he'll look better by comparison. 1623 02:12:11,746 --> 02:12:13,706 We're not going to allow this, are we? 1624 02:12:13,789 --> 02:12:17,750 Let the guy walk in, say God knows what on the stand, give Kaltenbrunner an alibi? 1625 02:12:18,707 --> 02:12:22,961 Might be a cheap price to pay for the opportunity to cross-examine him. 1626 02:12:26,088 --> 02:12:29,256 During the entire time you were commandant of Auschwitz... 1627 02:12:30,174 --> 02:12:33,509 ...did Ernst Kaltenbrunner ever visit the camp? 1628 02:12:34,425 --> 02:12:35,094 No. 1629 02:12:35,426 --> 02:12:36,260 Not once? 1630 02:12:41,138 --> 02:12:41,930 Never. 1631 02:12:44,140 --> 02:12:45,057 Thank you. 1632 02:12:46,892 --> 02:12:48,392 One minute, please. 1633 02:12:58,356 --> 02:12:59,399 Mr. Hoess. 1634 02:12:59,858 --> 02:13:03,151 How long were you commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp? 1635 02:13:03,943 --> 02:13:05,111 From the beginning. 1636 02:13:05,194 --> 02:13:06,612 And what was its purpose? 1637 02:13:06,820 --> 02:13:08,112 At that time... 1638 02:13:08,195 --> 02:13:11,448 ...to house prisoners who were being held in protective custody. 1639 02:13:12,324 --> 02:13:13,365 And after that? 1640 02:13:13,866 --> 02:13:16,576 l was called to Berlin by my boss... 1641 02:13:16,826 --> 02:13:19,410 ...Reichsfuhrer Himmler, in 1941. 1642 02:13:20,203 --> 02:13:24,079 And he informed me that the Fuhrer had ordered... 1643 02:13:24,164 --> 02:13:26,790 ...the final solution of the Jewish question. 1644 02:13:27,415 --> 02:13:30,166 l was not sure what l was supposed to do. 1645 02:13:31,001 --> 02:13:35,753 So Adolf Eichmann advised me to visit a camp at Treblinka... 1646 02:13:36,045 --> 02:13:37,712 ...to learn from its operation. 1647 02:13:37,797 --> 02:13:39,423 And what did you learn there? 1648 02:13:39,922 --> 02:13:42,007 Actually, l was not impressed. 1649 02:13:42,466 --> 02:13:45,509 lt was taking the commandant there six months... 1650 02:13:45,842 --> 02:13:49,637 ...to eliminate 80,000 Jews using monoxide gas. 1651 02:13:50,595 --> 02:13:52,096 l had a better idea. 1652 02:13:52,514 --> 02:13:54,390 One of my Auschwitz guards... 1653 02:13:54,472 --> 02:13:59,100 ...had accidentally sniffed a chemical disinfectant called Zyklon B... 1654 02:14:00,100 --> 02:14:01,936 ...and had passed out immediately. 1655 02:14:02,353 --> 02:14:06,437 lt occurred to me, if a little of this chemical killed lice... 1656 02:14:06,980 --> 02:14:09,814 ...enough, perhaps, would kill a human. 1657 02:14:11,483 --> 02:14:15,777 l tested it on Soviet prisoners of war locked in a room, and it worked. 1658 02:14:16,319 --> 02:14:19,486 Within 3 to 15 minutes, they were dead. 1659 02:14:21,572 --> 02:14:22,323 And then? 1660 02:14:22,488 --> 02:14:26,033 l built gas chambers to accommodate 2,000 inmates at a time... 1661 02:14:26,408 --> 02:14:28,534 ...compared to Treblinka's 200. 1662 02:14:28,951 --> 02:14:32,161 And l built four large ovens to cremate the remains. 1663 02:14:32,620 --> 02:14:36,705 lt became possible to eliminate 10,000 people in 24 hours. 1664 02:14:37,372 --> 02:14:41,083 But that was at peak operation, which was exhausting for my staff. 1665 02:14:41,792 --> 02:14:44,335 On the average, we would dispatch... 1666 02:14:44,419 --> 02:14:45,877 ...2,000 people a day. 1667 02:14:47,587 --> 02:14:51,547 How many men did it take to dispatch 2,000 people a day? 1668 02:14:51,840 --> 02:14:54,924 l had a staff of approximately 3,000 men. 1669 02:14:56,134 --> 02:14:58,552 And during your tenure at Auschwitz... 1670 02:14:58,718 --> 02:15:01,345 ...how many people did you dispose of in this fashion? 1671 02:15:01,637 --> 02:15:03,721 Approximately two and a half million. 1672 02:15:12,309 --> 02:15:13,519 No further questions. 1673 02:15:13,602 --> 02:15:15,104 l wish to make this clear. 1674 02:15:16,521 --> 02:15:19,064 l did not tolerate gratuitous cruelty. 1675 02:15:20,564 --> 02:15:23,566 My men were there to exterminate people, not torment them. 1676 02:15:24,317 --> 02:15:26,650 Any misconduct by the guards was punished. 1677 02:15:27,319 --> 02:15:28,360 l can assure you. 1678 02:15:33,322 --> 02:15:34,989 The witness is excused. 1679 02:15:36,948 --> 02:15:39,825 Court is adjourned until 9:00 tomorrow morning. 1680 02:15:59,879 --> 02:16:01,963 My life was entirely normal. 1681 02:16:03,297 --> 02:16:06,049 Even while doing this extermination work... 1682 02:16:06,675 --> 02:16:10,135 ...l would say l led a perfectly normal family life. 1683 02:16:10,885 --> 02:16:13,178 How would you describe that life? 1684 02:16:13,846 --> 02:16:15,763 l've always been happiest alone. 1685 02:16:16,554 --> 02:16:19,975 l never had any real intimacy with my parents, my sisters-- 1686 02:16:22,392 --> 02:16:23,601 Do you feel... 1687 02:16:24,810 --> 02:16:27,853 ...that the Jews you murdered deserved their fate? 1688 02:16:28,938 --> 02:16:32,689 l have always been taught that the Jew was an enemy of Germany. 1689 02:16:33,315 --> 02:16:36,734 So when you were ordered to turn your prison camp into a death camp... 1690 02:16:38,443 --> 02:16:42,820 ...you never once thought what you were doing was wrong? 1691 02:16:44,321 --> 02:16:45,614 l was an SS man. 1692 02:16:46,406 --> 02:16:48,865 We were trained to obey orders without thinking. 1693 02:16:49,949 --> 02:16:53,202 Does a rat-catcher think it is wrong to kill rats? 1694 02:17:14,088 --> 02:17:16,173 A rat catcher catching rats. 1695 02:17:17,257 --> 02:17:21,051 ls that the kind of thinking it takes to carry out state-sanctioned mass murder? 1696 02:17:21,135 --> 02:17:25,345 Not just blind obedience, but also a belief that your victims are not human? 1697 02:17:27,137 --> 02:17:30,181 Let me ask you this. What was Hiroshima? 1698 02:17:31,015 --> 02:17:33,141 Was it not your medical experiment? 1699 02:17:33,392 --> 02:17:36,102 Would America have dropped bombs as easily on Germany... 1700 02:17:36,185 --> 02:17:39,813 ...as it did upon Japan, killing as many civilians as possible? 1701 02:17:40,562 --> 02:17:43,439 l think not. To an American's sensibility... 1702 02:17:44,397 --> 02:17:47,942 ...a Caucasian child is considerably more human than a Japanese child. 1703 02:17:48,025 --> 02:17:49,943 America was at war with Japan. 1704 02:17:50,026 --> 02:17:52,862 A country that had attacked it without provocation. 1705 02:17:52,903 --> 02:17:55,821 You murdered millions of your own citizens. 1706 02:17:55,905 --> 02:17:58,614 What about the American citizens of the Japanese race... 1707 02:17:58,698 --> 02:18:01,825 ...put into ''protective custody'' in your own concentration camps? 1708 02:18:01,909 --> 02:18:02,825 That was wrong. 1709 02:18:02,909 --> 02:18:06,285 Why was this not done to Americans of ltalian and German descent? 1710 02:18:06,369 --> 02:18:07,828 l said it was wrong. 1711 02:18:08,370 --> 02:18:10,872 What about the Negro officers in your own army? 1712 02:18:11,289 --> 02:18:13,540 Are they allowed to command troops in combat? 1713 02:18:13,624 --> 02:18:15,833 Can they sit on the same buses as the whites? 1714 02:18:16,207 --> 02:18:19,209 Segregation laws in your country and anti-Semitic laws in mine: 1715 02:18:19,294 --> 02:18:21,420 Are they not just a difference of degree? 1716 02:18:21,502 --> 02:18:24,004 Let me tell you, from the beginning of the century... 1717 02:18:24,088 --> 02:18:26,590 ...through the First War until the rise of Hitler... 1718 02:18:26,673 --> 02:18:28,923 ...the freemasonry of the Jewish merchants... 1719 02:18:28,966 --> 02:18:31,467 ...consistently undermined the German economy... 1720 02:18:31,550 --> 02:18:35,302 ...and the nationhood of the fatherland. That is why we made anti-Semitic laws. 1721 02:18:35,386 --> 02:18:39,013 And why you, my friend, can never understand anti-Semitism. Why? 1722 02:18:39,180 --> 02:18:42,141 Because you are a Jew. 1723 02:19:06,571 --> 02:19:08,863 ls defense counsel ready to proceed? 1724 02:19:09,155 --> 02:19:10,781 Ready, Your Honor. 1725 02:19:11,324 --> 02:19:16,243 Herr Sauckel, from March, 1942, you were in charge of procuring labor... 1726 02:19:16,368 --> 02:19:18,452 ...for the war effort. ls that right? 1727 02:19:18,995 --> 02:19:19,786 Ja. 1728 02:19:20,162 --> 02:19:23,372 You are aware that it was a crime under the Hague Convention... 1729 02:19:23,456 --> 02:19:28,083 ...to forcibly deport citizens of other countries to Germany as workers? 1730 02:19:28,125 --> 02:19:28,959 Ja. 1731 02:19:29,043 --> 02:19:32,045 How many foreign workers came into Germany during your tenure? 1732 02:19:32,502 --> 02:19:34,713 Approximately five million. 1733 02:19:34,879 --> 02:19:37,172 And how many of them came voluntarily? 1734 02:19:37,505 --> 02:19:39,798 Perhaps 200,000. 1735 02:19:40,799 --> 02:19:44,467 Did you issue these directives calling for their decent treatment? 1736 02:19:45,135 --> 02:19:46,511 l did. 1737 02:19:47,177 --> 02:19:50,887 l ask that these be marked as exhibits and accepted into evidence. 1738 02:19:50,972 --> 02:19:52,347 So ordered. 1739 02:19:53,056 --> 02:19:57,433 Herr Sauckel, who ordered you to procure these workers? 1740 02:20:00,602 --> 02:20:01,603 Speer. 1741 02:20:02,354 --> 02:20:06,398 Albert Speer, Minister of Armaments. He gave orders to you? 1742 02:20:06,523 --> 02:20:07,272 Ja. 1743 02:20:07,398 --> 02:20:09,357 - And you had to obey them? - Ja. 1744 02:20:09,400 --> 02:20:13,068 Every worker you brought in, it was under Speer's orders? 1745 02:20:13,110 --> 02:20:14,319 lt was. 1746 02:20:15,111 --> 02:20:16,946 No further questions. 1747 02:20:30,661 --> 02:20:34,580 l know this is unorthodox, Mr. Dodd, to request an audience with you... 1748 02:20:34,664 --> 02:20:36,790 ...the man assigned to cross-examine me. 1749 02:20:36,916 --> 02:20:40,666 There's nothing very orthodox about this whole trial, Dr. Speer. 1750 02:20:40,751 --> 02:20:43,878 My lawyer's trying to talk me out of confessing to war crimes... 1751 02:20:43,961 --> 02:20:46,212 ...that might incur the death penalty. 1752 02:20:46,338 --> 02:20:49,006 l do not wish to hide the truth just to save my life... 1753 02:20:49,088 --> 02:20:51,507 ...only to hate myself for the rest of that life. 1754 02:20:51,590 --> 02:20:54,967 - l wish other defendants shared that view. - Some of them do. 1755 02:20:55,092 --> 02:20:57,218 Many are still under Goring's influence. 1756 02:20:57,302 --> 02:20:59,970 He's your chief rival for the souls of other defendants... 1757 02:21:00,053 --> 02:21:01,887 ...if l may put it so dramatically. 1758 02:21:01,971 --> 02:21:05,473 Goring was cross-examined by the chief prosecutor, Justice Jackson... 1759 02:21:05,556 --> 02:21:08,100 ...while l am to be questioned by you, a subordinate. 1760 02:21:09,143 --> 02:21:11,644 This difference was noticed by the other defendants. 1761 02:21:11,726 --> 02:21:14,562 ln their eyes, it puts me in an inferior status to Goring. 1762 02:21:15,771 --> 02:21:18,940 That's a peculiar measure of status, Dr. Speer. 1763 02:21:19,815 --> 02:21:21,732 Not to a German war criminal. 1764 02:21:23,609 --> 02:21:25,652 l hope you don't have a problem with it. 1765 02:21:26,194 --> 02:21:28,778 No. l've got no ego riding on this. 1766 02:21:29,195 --> 02:21:31,822 l'll present your request to my superior, Mr. Jackson. 1767 02:21:34,366 --> 02:21:37,951 Dr. Speer, did you disapprove of Sauckel's recruitment of labor? 1768 02:21:38,241 --> 02:21:39,785 On the contrary. 1769 02:21:39,868 --> 02:21:42,953 l was grateful to Sauckel for every worker he provided. 1770 02:21:43,371 --> 02:21:45,412 When we failed to meet armament quotas... 1771 02:21:45,537 --> 02:21:48,539 ...because of shortage of workers, l would blame Sauckel. 1772 02:21:50,833 --> 02:21:55,127 Do you wish to limit your responsibility to your own particular sphere of work? 1773 02:21:55,211 --> 02:22:00,006 No. This war has brought an inconceivable catastrophe. 1774 02:22:00,339 --> 02:22:03,131 As an important member of the leadership of the Reich... 1775 02:22:03,174 --> 02:22:07,843 ...l share in the total responsibility for the disaster of the German people. 1776 02:22:07,926 --> 02:22:11,345 Dr. Speer, near the end of the war, did you not refuse to carry out... 1777 02:22:11,470 --> 02:22:14,013 ...Hitler's order to raze Germany to the ground? 1778 02:22:14,097 --> 02:22:17,515 l've no intention of using my actions during that phase of the war... 1779 02:22:17,598 --> 02:22:19,891 ...to help me in my personal defense. 1780 02:22:20,559 --> 02:22:23,269 But l would like those who sit in judgment of me... 1781 02:22:23,351 --> 02:22:24,978 ...to understand that period. 1782 02:22:25,812 --> 02:22:28,771 ln March of 1945, Hitler intended, deliberately... 1783 02:22:28,855 --> 02:22:33,233 ...to destroy the means of life for his own people if the war were lost. 1784 02:22:34,775 --> 02:22:37,819 He said, ''Let the Allies conquer nothing but ashes.'' 1785 02:22:38,277 --> 02:22:43,447 But you resisted his wishes, sending him instead this memorandum. 1786 02:22:44,031 --> 02:22:46,698 Would you read it to the court, please? 1787 02:22:48,408 --> 02:22:52,035 ''Nobody has the right to destroy industrial plants... 1788 02:22:52,244 --> 02:22:56,537 ''...coal mines, electrical plants, and other facilities. 1789 02:22:57,121 --> 02:23:01,791 ''We have no right to carry out destruction which might affect the life of the people. 1790 02:23:02,541 --> 02:23:04,209 ''Signed, Speer.'' 1791 02:23:05,919 --> 02:23:10,463 We have heard here that people were shot for disagreeing with Hitler. 1792 02:23:11,923 --> 02:23:12,923 ls this true? 1793 02:23:14,090 --> 02:23:15,215 That did happen. 1794 02:23:15,299 --> 02:23:18,175 And yet, not only did you disagree with him... 1795 02:23:18,217 --> 02:23:22,095 ...but early in 1945 you actually made a plan to assassinate Hitler. 1796 02:23:22,345 --> 02:23:23,553 He what? 1797 02:23:29,016 --> 02:23:30,516 ls that not so? 1798 02:23:34,268 --> 02:23:35,352 Yes, it is so. 1799 02:23:35,436 --> 02:23:36,269 Traitor! 1800 02:23:37,812 --> 02:23:39,813 lt is so... 1801 02:23:40,397 --> 02:23:43,858 ...because of what l viewed as his insane destructiveness. 1802 02:23:44,899 --> 02:23:45,984 What did you do? 1803 02:23:46,066 --> 02:23:47,235 What was your plan? 1804 02:23:56,406 --> 02:23:59,574 l knew of an air-intake shaft... 1805 02:24:00,492 --> 02:24:05,452 ...in the Reich Chancellery garden that ventilated the Fuhrerbunker below. 1806 02:24:06,246 --> 02:24:09,664 l went to the head of my munitions department and said: 1807 02:24:10,955 --> 02:24:13,792 ''There's only one way to end this war.''... 1808 02:24:14,666 --> 02:24:16,709 ...and asked him to get me... 1809 02:24:17,668 --> 02:24:21,338 ...a poison gas to drop into the ventilating system. 1810 02:24:22,379 --> 02:24:25,672 But the next time l went there, they had built a 12-foot chimney... 1811 02:24:25,757 --> 02:24:29,508 ...protecting the ventilator, and SS guards were patrolling there. 1812 02:24:29,634 --> 02:24:33,011 So it came to nothing. 1813 02:24:40,307 --> 02:24:41,599 Mr. Chief Prosecutor? 1814 02:24:44,726 --> 02:24:48,686 You acknowledge responsibility for Germany's large policies... 1815 02:24:48,769 --> 02:24:51,438 ...but not for the details occurred in their execution. 1816 02:24:51,480 --> 02:24:54,940 - ls that a fair statement of your position? - Yes, sir. Very fair. 1817 02:24:55,441 --> 02:24:59,067 May l ask the witness a question in order to clarify this answer, please? 1818 02:24:59,442 --> 02:25:00,193 You may. 1819 02:25:01,986 --> 02:25:05,113 Do you want to acknowledge guilt under criminal law... 1820 02:25:05,363 --> 02:25:08,990 ...or do you wish to record a historical responsibility... 1821 02:25:09,240 --> 02:25:12,158 ...before your own people and before history? 1822 02:25:24,207 --> 02:25:26,583 The question is a very difficult one to answer. 1823 02:25:28,335 --> 02:25:32,337 lt is actually one which the Tribunal... 1824 02:25:33,545 --> 02:25:36,839 ...will decide in its verdict. 1825 02:26:00,020 --> 02:26:01,353 Cuffs off! 1826 02:26:02,146 --> 02:26:04,314 You would assassinate the Fuhrer? 1827 02:26:04,647 --> 02:26:06,106 l tell you this, coward. 1828 02:26:06,149 --> 02:26:09,150 lf you get out alive, we'll put together our own court... 1829 02:26:09,191 --> 02:26:10,860 ...and execute you for treason! 1830 02:26:10,943 --> 02:26:11,985 Lock them up! 1831 02:26:20,198 --> 02:26:25,159 As a German officer, l consider it my duty to answer for all l have done. 1832 02:26:26,785 --> 02:26:31,080 lt will not always be possible to separate guilt from the threads of destiny. 1833 02:26:31,621 --> 02:26:35,582 But the men in the front lines cannot be charged with guilt... 1834 02:26:35,999 --> 02:26:38,917 ...while the highest leaders reject responsibility. 1835 02:26:39,668 --> 02:26:40,752 That is wrong. 1836 02:26:40,834 --> 02:26:42,628 lt was my guilt... 1837 02:26:43,586 --> 02:26:46,963 ...which l carry before God and the entire German nation... 1838 02:26:48,464 --> 02:26:52,050 ...that l educated the youth of Germany for a man who l considered to be... 1839 02:26:52,133 --> 02:26:55,344 ...an impeccable leader and head of state. 1840 02:26:56,135 --> 02:26:58,553 But l educated the youth of Germany... 1841 02:26:59,888 --> 02:27:03,724 ...for a man who committed murder a millionfold. 1842 02:27:03,806 --> 02:27:07,517 And this guilt of Germany will not yet be erased. 1843 02:27:18,773 --> 02:27:20,442 Good afternoon, Captain. 1844 02:27:22,942 --> 02:27:24,902 The prisoners aren't allowed visitors. 1845 02:27:25,278 --> 02:27:27,696 l am the wife of Reichsmarschall Goring. 1846 02:27:27,863 --> 02:27:29,321 This is his daughter. 1847 02:27:30,322 --> 02:27:32,115 No exceptions, ma'am. 1848 02:27:33,615 --> 02:27:35,075 Frau Goring. 1849 02:27:39,035 --> 02:27:41,495 - My name is Captain Gilbert. - Hello. 1850 02:27:41,537 --> 02:27:45,206 Nice to meet you. Would you have a moment to spend with me, to talk? 1851 02:27:45,248 --> 02:27:46,289 Yes. 1852 02:27:46,414 --> 02:27:48,207 - Very good. - This is Edda. 1853 02:27:48,290 --> 02:27:51,752 Hello, Edda. l'm Captain Gilbert. Do you like chocolate? 1854 02:27:57,338 --> 02:28:00,465 lt must have been very difficult for you these last few months. 1855 02:28:00,548 --> 02:28:02,633 Especially with your little girl. 1856 02:28:02,716 --> 02:28:07,093 lt could have been worse, l suppose. Hitler could have survived. 1857 02:28:08,720 --> 02:28:11,138 You've obviously come to terms with the truth. 1858 02:28:11,763 --> 02:28:13,805 l wish your husband could do the same. 1859 02:28:13,890 --> 02:28:17,224 But he persists in remaining loyal to Hitler's memory. 1860 02:28:17,266 --> 02:28:20,142 Yes, l cannot understand it, either. 1861 02:28:20,726 --> 02:28:24,353 Such loyalty to a man who wanted us dead. 1862 02:28:26,229 --> 02:28:29,023 - l'm sorry? - Hitler ordered all of us to be shot. 1863 02:28:30,189 --> 02:28:31,691 Hermann, myself... 1864 02:28:31,900 --> 02:28:33,442 ...our precious child. 1865 02:28:34,526 --> 02:28:37,320 That is why we surrendered to the Americans. 1866 02:28:37,403 --> 02:28:39,487 Why else would we have done such a thing? 1867 02:28:48,076 --> 02:28:50,285 l went through my notes last night. 1868 02:28:50,660 --> 02:28:54,413 l've spent all these months trying to find a way inside their minds. 1869 02:28:54,496 --> 02:28:58,416 Hoping to understand how those people could commit such atrocities... 1870 02:28:58,499 --> 02:29:00,582 ...against my people. 1871 02:29:02,292 --> 02:29:05,877 l believe there are a couple of factors that explain a lot of it. 1872 02:29:06,253 --> 02:29:10,089 First, Germany is a country where people do what they're told. 1873 02:29:10,965 --> 02:29:15,217 You obey your parents, teachers, clergymen, superior officers. 1874 02:29:15,258 --> 02:29:18,886 You're raised from childhood not to question authority. 1875 02:29:19,427 --> 02:29:22,763 When Hitler comes to power, he has an entire nation that believes... 1876 02:29:22,888 --> 02:29:25,681 ...it's perfectly natural to do whatever he says. 1877 02:29:26,640 --> 02:29:28,934 Second, propaganda. 1878 02:29:29,767 --> 02:29:33,227 For years, Germans have been bombarded with ideas like: 1879 02:29:33,728 --> 02:29:38,688 ''Jews are not real human beings,'' or ''They're a corruption of the race.'' 1880 02:29:40,982 --> 02:29:45,568 When the government says it's permissible to deny Jews their rights... 1881 02:29:45,817 --> 02:29:51,738 ...and then says it's imperative to kill these inferior people... 1882 02:29:53,655 --> 02:29:55,406 ...they comply. 1883 02:29:57,074 --> 02:30:00,243 Even if they've been your friends or neighbors. 1884 02:30:07,455 --> 02:30:08,665 Anything else? 1885 02:30:08,747 --> 02:30:11,833 l told you once that l was searching for the nature of evil. 1886 02:30:12,834 --> 02:30:15,292 l think l've come close to defining it. 1887 02:30:16,836 --> 02:30:18,294 A lack of empathy. 1888 02:30:18,670 --> 02:30:22,422 lt's the one characteristic that connects all the defendants. 1889 02:30:22,464 --> 02:30:26,424 A genuine incapacity to feel with their fellow man. 1890 02:30:29,051 --> 02:30:34,304 Evil, l think, is the absence of empathy. 1891 02:30:46,479 --> 02:30:49,979 l call on the chief prosecutor for his closing argument. 1892 02:30:59,652 --> 02:31:02,487 Mr. President and members of the tribunal. 1893 02:31:04,322 --> 02:31:09,324 lt is impossible in summation to do more than outline with bold strokes... 1894 02:31:09,908 --> 02:31:14,161 ...the vitals of this trial's mad and melancholy record. 1895 02:31:14,202 --> 02:31:18,371 For no time has ever witnessed slaughter on such a grand scale. 1896 02:31:19,622 --> 02:31:24,208 Such cruelties and inhumanities, such wholesale deportations... 1897 02:31:25,126 --> 02:31:29,378 ...of peoples into slavery, such annihilations of minorities. 1898 02:31:31,671 --> 02:31:36,133 Events which will live as the historical text... 1899 02:31:36,173 --> 02:31:41,927 ...of the 20th century's shame and depravity. 1900 02:31:42,803 --> 02:31:44,637 Terror was the order of the day. 1901 02:31:44,720 --> 02:31:48,180 Civilians were arrested without charges, committed without counsel... 1902 02:31:48,305 --> 02:31:51,140 ...executed without hearing. 1903 02:31:53,142 --> 02:31:56,519 Villages were destroyed, the male inhabitants shot... 1904 02:31:57,937 --> 02:31:59,646 ...or sent to forced labor... 1905 02:31:59,812 --> 02:32:02,396 ...and the children scattered abroad. 1906 02:32:03,648 --> 02:32:08,609 The Nazi movement will be of evil memory because of its persecution of the Jews... 1907 02:32:09,485 --> 02:32:13,069 ...the most far-flung and terrible racial persecution of all time. 1908 02:32:14,821 --> 02:32:18,781 So thorough and uncompromising was this program that the Jews of Europe... 1909 02:32:18,906 --> 02:32:20,991 ...as a race, no longer exist. 1910 02:32:22,326 --> 02:32:26,494 Thus fulfilling the diabolic ''prophesy'' of Adolf Hitler at the beginning of the war. 1911 02:32:26,578 --> 02:32:29,580 Generations to come will remember this decade. 1912 02:32:30,831 --> 02:32:33,290 lf we cannot eliminate the cause... 1913 02:32:33,915 --> 02:32:36,709 ...and prevent the repetition of these barbaric events... 1914 02:32:36,792 --> 02:32:38,960 ...this century may yet succeed... 1915 02:32:40,044 --> 02:32:42,462 ...in bringing the doom of civilization. 1916 02:32:45,004 --> 02:32:48,882 The time has come for final judgment and if the case l present seems hard... 1917 02:32:49,007 --> 02:32:51,342 ...and uncompromising... 1918 02:32:51,968 --> 02:32:55,177 ...then it is only because the evidence makes it so. 1919 02:32:56,720 --> 02:33:00,390 A glance at the dock will show that despite quarrels among themselves... 1920 02:33:00,890 --> 02:33:04,141 ...each defendant played a part that fitted in with every other... 1921 02:33:04,183 --> 02:33:06,726 ...and all advanced a common plan. 1922 02:33:08,560 --> 02:33:11,979 lt was these men among millions of others, and it was these men... 1923 02:33:12,104 --> 02:33:15,106 ...leading millions of others, who built up Adolf Hitler. 1924 02:33:15,190 --> 02:33:16,523 They intoxicated him. 1925 02:33:16,565 --> 02:33:19,816 He, of the psychopathic personality... 1926 02:33:19,901 --> 02:33:23,028 ...with power and adulation. 1927 02:33:24,528 --> 02:33:27,030 They fed his hates, aroused his fears. 1928 02:33:28,031 --> 02:33:32,032 They put a loaded gun in his eager hands. lt was left to Hitler to pull the trigger. 1929 02:33:32,116 --> 02:33:34,034 When he did, they all... 1930 02:33:34,618 --> 02:33:36,910 ...at that time, applauded. 1931 02:33:38,036 --> 02:33:39,996 Hitler's guilt stands admitted... 1932 02:33:40,037 --> 02:33:42,372 ...by some defendants reluctantly... 1933 02:33:42,455 --> 02:33:44,331 ...by some, vindictively. 1934 02:33:44,874 --> 02:33:48,709 But Hitler's guilt is the guilt of the whole dock... 1935 02:33:51,252 --> 02:33:53,296 ...and of every man in it. 1936 02:33:59,841 --> 02:34:03,759 These defendants now ask this tribunal to say they are not guilty... 1937 02:34:04,301 --> 02:34:07,719 ...of planning, executing, or conspiring to commit... 1938 02:34:07,887 --> 02:34:12,390 ...this long list of crimes and wrongs. 1939 02:34:15,349 --> 02:34:19,102 They stand before the record of this Tribunal as bloodstained Gloucester... 1940 02:34:19,185 --> 02:34:21,686 ...stood by the body of his slain king. 1941 02:34:23,938 --> 02:34:27,482 He begged the widow, as they beg of you: 1942 02:34:28,982 --> 02:34:30,858 ''Say l slew them not.'' 1943 02:34:32,068 --> 02:34:35,403 And the Queen replied, ''Then say they are not slain. 1944 02:34:38,072 --> 02:34:39,572 ''But dead they are.'' 1945 02:34:41,281 --> 02:34:46,034 lf you were to say of these men that they are not guilty... 1946 02:34:47,659 --> 02:34:51,370 ...it would be as true to say that there has been no war. 1947 02:34:53,204 --> 02:34:54,956 There are no slain. 1948 02:34:58,332 --> 02:35:00,250 There has been no crime. 1949 02:35:29,142 --> 02:35:30,393 Captain. 1950 02:35:31,352 --> 02:35:35,397 ''Jews escalate fight for homeland.'' lt's ironic. 1951 02:35:36,522 --> 02:35:38,981 After all that's happened over the past 10 years... 1952 02:35:39,065 --> 02:35:41,483 ...l don't blame the Jews for wanting a homeland. 1953 02:35:41,566 --> 02:35:45,319 One of the many ripples we'll see from this war and from this trial. 1954 02:35:46,611 --> 02:35:48,612 - Shall we? - Yeah. 1955 02:35:49,821 --> 02:35:52,697 The defendants may now make their final statements. 1956 02:35:53,615 --> 02:35:55,617 Defendant Hermann Goring. 1957 02:36:10,000 --> 02:36:12,752 This has been a poor excuse for a trial. 1958 02:36:16,128 --> 02:36:19,462 But firstly, l must reiterate my lack of knowledge... 1959 02:36:19,755 --> 02:36:24,383 ...for these terrible mass murders, which l cannot begin to understand... 1960 02:36:25,301 --> 02:36:29,635 ...and furthermore, l condemn wholeheartedly. 1961 02:36:30,636 --> 02:36:34,514 As to the trial, the statements of the defendants were accepted as true... 1962 02:36:34,639 --> 02:36:37,266 ...only when they supported the prosecution. 1963 02:36:37,975 --> 02:36:41,101 They were treated as perjury when they refuted the indictment. 1964 02:36:41,518 --> 02:36:43,727 This is not a basis of proof. 1965 02:36:43,852 --> 02:36:47,939 Why am l in the dock being treated as a common criminal? 1966 02:36:49,772 --> 02:36:53,358 l say to my judges, have no illusions. 1967 02:36:54,234 --> 02:36:58,402 Since the three greatest powers on earth, together with other nations fought us... 1968 02:36:58,486 --> 02:37:03,030 ...we finally were conquered by tremendous enemy superiority. 1969 02:37:03,530 --> 02:37:08,159 Justice has absolutely nothing to do with this trial. 1970 02:37:22,167 --> 02:37:24,208 Defendant Albert Speer. 1971 02:37:29,087 --> 02:37:33,923 How could so advanced, so cultured... 1972 02:37:35,091 --> 02:37:37,967 ...so sophisticated a nation as Germany... 1973 02:37:38,718 --> 02:37:41,386 ...have fallen under Hitler's demonic sway? 1974 02:37:42,636 --> 02:37:45,763 The explanation is modern communications. 1975 02:37:47,056 --> 02:37:51,433 No longer does a leader have to delegate authority afar to subordinates... 1976 02:37:51,767 --> 02:37:54,018 ...exercising independent judgment. 1977 02:37:54,435 --> 02:37:58,771 Given modern communications, a Hitler can rule directly and personally. 1978 02:37:59,730 --> 02:38:02,691 Thus, the more technical the world becomes... 1979 02:38:02,857 --> 02:38:05,484 ...the more individual freedom... 1980 02:38:05,942 --> 02:38:08,819 ...and the self-rule of mankind becomes essential. 1981 02:38:10,362 --> 02:38:15,532 This war has ended on the note of radio-controlled rockets. 1982 02:38:16,490 --> 02:38:18,866 Aircraft approaching the speed of sound. 1983 02:38:19,116 --> 02:38:22,202 Submarines and torpedoes which can find their own targets. 1984 02:38:22,327 --> 02:38:23,660 Atom bombs... 1985 02:38:23,869 --> 02:38:26,829 ...and the horrible prospect of chemical warfare. 1986 02:38:27,246 --> 02:38:31,874 ln five to ten years, this kind of warfare will offer the possibility of firing rockets... 1987 02:38:31,956 --> 02:38:35,376 ...from continent to continent with uncanny precision. 1988 02:38:36,626 --> 02:38:38,711 Through the smashing of the atom... 1989 02:38:39,753 --> 02:38:44,131 ...it will be possible to kill 1 million people in New York City in a matter of seconds... 1990 02:38:44,214 --> 02:38:46,966 ...with a rocket serviced by perhaps ten men. 1991 02:38:48,675 --> 02:38:53,052 A new large-scale war will end with the destruction... 1992 02:38:53,219 --> 02:38:55,804 ...of human culture and civilization. 1993 02:38:56,138 --> 02:38:59,181 That is why this trial must contribute... 1994 02:39:00,057 --> 02:39:02,891 ...to the prevention of such wars in the future. 1995 02:39:04,726 --> 02:39:08,144 A nation believing in its future will never perish. 1996 02:39:08,812 --> 02:39:12,438 May God protect Germany... 1997 02:39:14,232 --> 02:39:16,191 ...and the culture of the West. 1998 02:39:26,072 --> 02:39:30,825 We are agreed. Three of four votes will be required for the finding of guilty. 1999 02:39:31,575 --> 02:39:32,909 - Agreed. - Agreed. 2000 02:39:33,034 --> 02:39:36,995 Now, if the judgment is death, might we not consider... 2001 02:39:37,078 --> 02:39:39,789 ...the firing squad for the military defendants? 2002 02:39:39,872 --> 02:39:41,623 l disagree most strongly. 2003 02:39:41,748 --> 02:39:45,124 The bullet is for the honorable adversary, not for butchers. 2004 02:39:46,083 --> 02:39:47,543 l say hanging. 2005 02:39:47,919 --> 02:39:49,586 - l agree. - l agree. 2006 02:39:52,670 --> 02:39:56,089 We will take the defendants in the order they were indicted. 2007 02:39:56,340 --> 02:39:57,257 Goring. 2008 02:40:05,637 --> 02:40:07,220 Bravo. 2009 02:40:17,728 --> 02:40:20,145 Go on, have some of the lovely food. 2010 02:40:24,898 --> 02:40:27,607 There is talk that you will all be hanged. 2011 02:40:28,441 --> 02:40:29,858 l won't be hanged. 2012 02:40:31,443 --> 02:40:35,071 That l assure you. That l pledge. 2013 02:40:36,654 --> 02:40:40,698 Perhaps the court will send you to an island, like Elba. 2014 02:40:41,616 --> 02:40:43,617 We could join you there. 2015 02:40:48,161 --> 02:40:49,663 Go on, eat. 2016 02:40:52,539 --> 02:40:57,291 Do you think that we would be allowed to take some of the food home with us? 2017 02:41:04,587 --> 02:41:06,338 l don't see why not. 2018 02:41:07,381 --> 02:41:10,341 The Charter clearly states that following orders... 2019 02:41:10,884 --> 02:41:14,134 ...''may be considered in mitigation of punishment.'' 2020 02:41:14,594 --> 02:41:16,928 ''May be,'' not must be. 2021 02:41:21,139 --> 02:41:25,225 You have become such beautiful young ladies. 2022 02:41:30,519 --> 02:41:32,562 When are they going to shoot you, Papa? 2023 02:41:34,147 --> 02:41:36,481 Hans Frank is a most tragic figure... 2024 02:41:36,690 --> 02:41:37,731 ...in my view. 2025 02:41:37,815 --> 02:41:39,858 His penitence is obviously real. 2026 02:41:40,400 --> 02:41:43,652 lt would be a meaningful gesture for us to spare his life. 2027 02:41:44,486 --> 02:41:45,278 No. 2028 02:41:45,486 --> 02:41:46,569 He should hang. 2029 02:42:25,676 --> 02:42:27,345 Atten-hut! 2030 02:42:32,430 --> 02:42:33,681 All rise. 2031 02:43:12,870 --> 02:43:16,540 Each defendant will stand as his name is called... 2032 02:43:16,873 --> 02:43:20,416 ...to hear the judgments on the four counts applicable to him... 2033 02:43:21,167 --> 02:43:24,710 ...and the sentence, if found guilty on any of the counts. 2034 02:43:25,711 --> 02:43:29,214 The counts, numbered one through four, are: 2035 02:43:30,005 --> 02:43:32,466 Conspiracy to commit aggression. 2036 02:43:33,174 --> 02:43:35,133 The commission of aggression. 2037 02:43:36,009 --> 02:43:38,344 Crimes in the conduct of warfare... 2038 02:43:39,011 --> 02:43:40,969 ...and crimes against humanity. 2039 02:43:42,220 --> 02:43:44,264 Defendant Hermann Goring. 2040 02:43:49,349 --> 02:43:53,311 The Tribunal finds you guilty on all four counts... 2041 02:43:53,728 --> 02:43:55,187 ...and sentences you... 2042 02:43:55,563 --> 02:43:57,230 ...to death by hanging. 2043 02:44:01,440 --> 02:44:02,859 Rudolf Hess. 2044 02:44:04,567 --> 02:44:07,110 On the charges of crimes against humanity... 2045 02:44:07,360 --> 02:44:09,654 ...the Tribunal finds you not guilty. 2046 02:44:10,362 --> 02:44:13,364 But we find you guilty on counts one and two... 2047 02:44:13,990 --> 02:44:17,533 ...and thereby sentence you to imprisonment for life. 2048 02:44:19,118 --> 02:44:21,035 Admiral Wilhelm Keitel. 2049 02:44:21,827 --> 02:44:23,702 Guilty on all four counts. 2050 02:44:24,121 --> 02:44:26,914 The Tribunal sentences you to death by hanging. 2051 02:44:28,373 --> 02:44:30,290 Defendant Hans Frank. 2052 02:44:31,792 --> 02:44:35,335 The Tribunal finds you guilty on counts three and four... 2053 02:44:36,086 --> 02:44:38,504 ...and sentences you to death by hanging. 2054 02:44:38,712 --> 02:44:40,338 Julius Streicher. 2055 02:44:41,797 --> 02:44:45,049 Guilty on count four, crimes against humanity. 2056 02:44:45,800 --> 02:44:46,925 Death by hanging. 2057 02:44:47,550 --> 02:44:49,218 Defendant Schacht. 2058 02:44:50,011 --> 02:44:55,388 The Tribunal has come to the conclusion that evidence against Hjalmar Schacht... 2059 02:44:55,972 --> 02:44:58,932 ...has not been established beyond a reasonable doubt... 2060 02:44:59,058 --> 02:45:03,059 ...and therefore finds that Schacht is not guilty on this indictment. 2061 02:45:05,394 --> 02:45:06,479 Quiet, please. 2062 02:45:10,480 --> 02:45:12,565 The Defendant Karl Donitz. 2063 02:45:13,274 --> 02:45:15,276 Guilty on counts two and three. 2064 02:45:15,900 --> 02:45:19,652 The Tribunal sentences you to ten years imprisonment. 2065 02:45:21,320 --> 02:45:23,655 Foreign Minister von Ribbentrop. 2066 02:45:24,530 --> 02:45:26,656 Guilty on all four counts. 2067 02:45:27,073 --> 02:45:29,950 The Tribunal sentences you to death by hanging. 2068 02:45:32,576 --> 02:45:34,202 Ernst Kaltenbrunner. 2069 02:45:35,078 --> 02:45:37,079 Guilty on counts three and four. 2070 02:45:38,080 --> 02:45:40,998 The Tribunal sentences you to death by hanging. 2071 02:45:41,165 --> 02:45:42,833 Balder von Schirach. 2072 02:45:43,250 --> 02:45:45,334 Guilty on count four. 2073 02:45:45,584 --> 02:45:47,126 Twenty years in prison. 2074 02:45:47,211 --> 02:45:48,336 Alfred Jodl. 2075 02:45:48,753 --> 02:45:50,837 On all four counts, guilty. 2076 02:45:51,463 --> 02:45:52,588 Death by hanging. 2077 02:45:53,463 --> 02:45:54,964 Hans Fritzsche. 2078 02:45:57,091 --> 02:45:58,425 Not guilty. 2079 02:46:00,468 --> 02:46:02,053 Franz von Papen. 2080 02:46:04,054 --> 02:46:05,429 Not guilty. 2081 02:46:06,597 --> 02:46:07,597 Walter Funk. 2082 02:46:08,473 --> 02:46:10,432 Guilty on counts two, three and four. 2083 02:46:11,057 --> 02:46:14,352 The Tribunal sentences you to imprisonment for life. 2084 02:46:14,977 --> 02:46:16,935 Defendant Fritz Sauckel. 2085 02:46:17,936 --> 02:46:20,188 Guilty on counts three and four. 2086 02:46:20,730 --> 02:46:21,855 Death by hanging. 2087 02:46:23,773 --> 02:46:25,441 Defendant Albert Speer. 2088 02:46:27,525 --> 02:46:31,069 The Tribunal finds you not guilty on counts one and two. 2089 02:46:31,902 --> 02:46:35,405 But you have been found guilty on counts three and four. 2090 02:46:35,989 --> 02:46:38,240 Albert Speer, the Court sentences you... 2091 02:46:38,282 --> 02:46:40,575 ...to 20 years imprisonment. 2092 02:46:47,078 --> 02:46:50,080 The work of this Tribunal is now complete. 2093 02:48:09,084 --> 02:48:10,585 Lock them up! 2094 02:48:16,838 --> 02:48:20,174 Leutnant, my dear Tex, why this long face? 2095 02:48:21,508 --> 02:48:24,970 Have l not told you there's a special place in Valhalla waiting for me? 2096 02:48:27,512 --> 02:48:29,013 l don't know. 2097 02:48:34,682 --> 02:48:37,184 l thought things might have turned out differently. 2098 02:48:37,517 --> 02:48:42,520 Well, you know, they might have done, if it wasn't a very unfortunate thing. 2099 02:48:44,521 --> 02:48:45,981 Those mass murders. 2100 02:48:47,232 --> 02:48:49,984 l must tell you, l could not see their purpose. 2101 02:48:50,025 --> 02:48:52,359 They were absolutely unnecessary. 2102 02:48:52,401 --> 02:48:55,028 They made no sense from a nationalistic point of view. 2103 02:48:55,194 --> 02:48:57,696 Our legacy has been forever tainted. 2104 02:48:59,363 --> 02:49:00,865 But make no mistake. 2105 02:49:01,824 --> 02:49:05,534 Everything Hitler did before the war was right. The German people knew it. 2106 02:49:05,576 --> 02:49:07,327 One day, they'll remember it. 2107 02:49:07,410 --> 02:49:10,203 And you must remember it too, my dear Tex. 2108 02:49:11,412 --> 02:49:13,830 When you remember me, remember that. 2109 02:49:15,957 --> 02:49:16,873 Yeah. 2110 02:49:18,499 --> 02:49:20,376 Now, to practical matters. 2111 02:49:21,376 --> 02:49:24,087 - There are a few things l want to give you. - No, sir-- 2112 02:49:24,671 --> 02:49:25,712 Please. 2113 02:49:29,172 --> 02:49:31,758 Where l'm going, l must travel light. 2114 02:49:35,260 --> 02:49:38,553 lt's inscribed, see, with my name. Take it. 2115 02:49:40,304 --> 02:49:41,555 Take it. 2116 02:49:49,601 --> 02:49:53,854 The few valuables l have, they are in my blue briefcase in the baggage room. 2117 02:49:53,896 --> 02:49:56,731 Can you retrieve that for me, my dear Tex? 2118 02:49:58,523 --> 02:49:59,399 Yes, sir. 2119 02:50:32,084 --> 02:50:34,502 Where are they building those gallows? 2120 02:50:34,586 --> 02:50:37,129 Down in the back. Third building on the right. 2121 02:51:05,771 --> 02:51:08,314 l have only one question to ask you. 2122 02:51:10,065 --> 02:51:13,983 ls there absolutely no possibility that l may be allowed to face a firing squad... 2123 02:51:14,068 --> 02:51:15,693 ...and die a soldier's death? 2124 02:51:15,776 --> 02:51:16,526 None. 2125 02:51:17,736 --> 02:51:21,404 Just as well. l hear the Americans are very poor shots. 2126 02:51:23,281 --> 02:51:26,033 Now, if you'll excuse me, l must write a letter. 2127 02:51:36,621 --> 02:51:39,373 For the rest of my life, Herr Reichsmarschall... 2128 02:51:39,748 --> 02:51:42,292 ...people will ask me what your final thoughts were. 2129 02:51:42,500 --> 02:51:44,293 l'll have nothing to tell them. 2130 02:51:44,418 --> 02:51:46,085 You can tell them this: 2131 02:51:47,420 --> 02:51:49,337 l say, for now and all time: 2132 02:51:50,422 --> 02:51:54,632 The foreigners who have imposed this sentence upon me may murder me... 2133 02:51:54,757 --> 02:51:57,384 ...but they have no right to judge me. 2134 02:51:57,968 --> 02:51:59,927 That l deny them. 2135 02:52:01,970 --> 02:52:06,430 Now, you must excuse me, l do have to write this letter. Thank you. 2136 02:52:14,769 --> 02:52:16,853 My one and only sweetheart. 2137 02:52:17,187 --> 02:52:20,814 My life came to an end when l bade you farewell for the last time. 2138 02:52:21,606 --> 02:52:23,483 Do not grieve, my dearest one. 2139 02:52:23,899 --> 02:52:28,777 Since then l have felt at peace with myself, and consider my death a deliverance. 2140 02:52:29,986 --> 02:52:33,696 All my thoughts are with you and our own dear, sweet child. 2141 02:52:34,781 --> 02:52:38,658 My last heartbeats, of our great and eternal love. 2142 02:53:31,855 --> 02:53:33,357 Colonel, may l? 2143 02:53:37,109 --> 02:53:39,151 - You got what you want? - l got it, sir. 2144 02:53:39,361 --> 02:53:41,194 Gentlemen, follow me. 2145 02:54:10,670 --> 02:54:11,837 Mein Gott. 2146 02:54:13,296 --> 02:54:14,714 Get dressed. 2147 02:54:39,228 --> 02:54:40,687 Get a doctor! 2148 02:54:42,355 --> 02:54:44,232 Somebody get a doctor! 2149 02:55:20,377 --> 02:55:21,587 Cyanide. 2150 02:55:45,891 --> 02:55:47,518 Son of a bitch. 2151 02:56:19,078 --> 02:56:22,580 - State your name. - Joachim von Ribbentrop. 2152 02:56:23,039 --> 02:56:24,914 Do you have anything to say? 2153 02:56:25,123 --> 02:56:28,541 My last wish is that Germany realize its destiny. 2154 02:56:29,292 --> 02:56:31,336 l wish peace to the world. 2155 02:56:50,429 --> 02:56:54,056 - Do you have anything to say? - l now join my sons. 2156 02:56:55,016 --> 02:56:57,475 Deutschland uber alles! 2157 02:57:19,363 --> 02:57:20,489 Three. 2158 02:57:26,409 --> 02:57:28,410 l'm dying an innocent man. 2159 02:57:33,788 --> 02:57:36,539 l ask God to accept me with my sin. 2160 02:57:40,833 --> 02:57:41,792 Heil Hitler! 2161 02:57:41,918 --> 02:57:42,793 Heil Hitler! 2162 02:57:52,591 --> 02:57:53,591 Seven. 2163 02:58:21,440 --> 02:58:23,150 All cleaned out. Everything. 2164 02:58:23,859 --> 02:58:27,903 The cells are to be scrubbed clean. Nothing's to be left. 2165 02:58:31,406 --> 02:58:32,738 Nothing. 2166 02:58:37,033 --> 02:58:38,242 Danke schon. 2167 02:58:39,993 --> 02:58:40,953 Thanks. 2168 02:58:41,661 --> 02:58:44,746 You know, when we get home, we've got some decisions to make. 2169 02:58:44,828 --> 02:58:47,373 Some personal decisions. 2170 02:58:48,706 --> 02:58:50,792 Let's just wait till we get home. 2171 02:58:56,170 --> 02:58:57,628 Hello, you two. 2172 02:58:58,462 --> 02:59:00,379 You know it may sound strange... 2173 02:59:00,464 --> 02:59:03,466 ...but l can't help feeling a touch sentimental about all this. 2174 02:59:03,923 --> 02:59:05,383 l understand. 2175 02:59:06,717 --> 02:59:11,553 l got a letter from a friend today saying that because of what we've done... 2176 02:59:13,095 --> 02:59:15,014 ...none of it can ever happen again. 2177 02:59:16,515 --> 02:59:17,764 What do you think? 2178 02:59:19,016 --> 02:59:20,641 Well... 2179 02:59:22,767 --> 02:59:24,061 We can hope, can't we? 2180 02:59:29,397 --> 02:59:30,481 'Bye.