1 00:00:15,733 --> 00:00:21,166 ♪♪ 2 00:00:37,133 --> 00:00:39,700 [ Rainfall ] 3 00:00:39,700 --> 00:00:42,266 [ Soft music plays ] 4 00:00:42,266 --> 00:00:47,533 ♪♪ 5 00:00:47,533 --> 00:00:50,533 [ Electronic screeching ] 6 00:00:50,533 --> 00:01:07,900 ♪♪ 7 00:01:07,900 --> 00:01:10,366 -[ Speaking English ] 8 00:01:10,366 --> 00:01:12,266 ♪♪ 9 00:01:12,266 --> 00:01:15,366 ♪ Ha ha ha-ha-ha ha-ha ♪ 10 00:01:15,366 --> 00:01:20,300 Ha ha ha-ha-ha ha-ha. 11 00:01:20,300 --> 00:01:22,266 Ha ha. 12 00:01:22,266 --> 00:01:25,433 ♪ Ha-ha ha ha-ha-ha ha-ha ♪ 13 00:01:25,433 --> 00:01:30,566 ♪ Ha ha-ha ha-ha ha-ha ♪ 14 00:01:30,566 --> 00:01:36,500 ♪ Ha ha haaaaa ♪ 15 00:01:36,500 --> 00:01:40,900 -[ Clearing throat ] 16 00:01:40,900 --> 00:01:42,766 -Korean Nam June Paik 17 00:01:42,766 --> 00:01:45,633 is regarded as the foremost video artist in the world. 18 00:01:45,633 --> 00:01:48,233 -Il s'appelle Nam June Paik. 19 00:01:48,233 --> 00:01:49,566 -[ Speaking native language ] 20 00:01:49,566 --> 00:01:52,233 -[ Speaking native language ] Nam June Paik. 21 00:01:52,233 --> 00:01:55,366 -[ Speaking native language ] 22 00:01:55,366 --> 00:01:57,233 -Today I thought we could talk about someone 23 00:01:57,233 --> 00:01:59,466 who's widely regarded as the father of video art. 24 00:01:59,466 --> 00:02:02,066 -Nam June Paik, avant-garde musician, 25 00:02:02,066 --> 00:02:03,266 self-taught engineer. 26 00:02:03,266 --> 00:02:05,433 -The Nostradamus of the digital age. 27 00:02:05,433 --> 00:02:07,000 -He envisioned the Internet. 28 00:02:07,000 --> 00:02:08,766 -See where all of this was gotten. 29 00:02:08,766 --> 00:02:10,500 -[ Speaking native language ] 30 00:02:10,500 --> 00:02:12,233 -Although he once said, 31 00:02:12,233 --> 00:02:15,566 "I use technology in order to hate it properly." 32 00:02:15,566 --> 00:02:17,600 [ Indistinct conversations ] 33 00:02:17,600 --> 00:02:20,033 -...for NBC News, Chicago. 34 00:02:20,033 --> 00:02:21,866 [ Clatter ] 35 00:02:21,866 --> 00:02:24,866 [ Flames roaring ] 36 00:02:24,866 --> 00:02:33,400 ♪♪ 37 00:02:33,400 --> 00:02:35,400 -You have the reputation as a cultural terrorist. 38 00:02:35,400 --> 00:02:36,466 -Uh-huh. 39 00:02:36,466 --> 00:02:39,833 ♪♪ 40 00:02:39,833 --> 00:02:42,533 -There's no major art museum in the world 41 00:02:42,533 --> 00:02:44,500 that hasn't shown Nam June's work. 42 00:02:44,500 --> 00:02:46,233 The Whitney, the Modern, 43 00:02:46,233 --> 00:02:49,400 the Guggenheim, Centre Pompidou, the Tate. 44 00:02:49,400 --> 00:02:52,500 They've all shown Nam June's work 45 00:02:52,500 --> 00:02:55,233 because he's Nam June Paik. 46 00:02:55,233 --> 00:02:58,000 -[ Speaking English ] 47 00:03:00,700 --> 00:03:02,400 ♪♪ 48 00:03:02,400 --> 00:03:06,200 -I sort of analysize him to Ben Franklin 49 00:03:06,200 --> 00:03:10,200 and the makers of the Constitution. 50 00:03:10,200 --> 00:03:13,866 -[ Speaking Korean ] 51 00:03:13,866 --> 00:03:18,166 ♪♪ 52 00:03:18,166 --> 00:03:21,366 [ Speaking Korean ] 53 00:03:23,500 --> 00:03:25,633 -One of the most deeply informed 54 00:03:25,633 --> 00:03:29,600 and extraordinary intellectuals of our time. 55 00:03:29,600 --> 00:03:31,766 ♪♪ 56 00:03:31,766 --> 00:03:35,366 -He has a PhD in pre-Renaissance music. 57 00:03:35,366 --> 00:03:38,366 [ Dissonant music plays ] 58 00:03:38,366 --> 00:03:40,466 ♪♪ 59 00:03:40,466 --> 00:03:43,466 He could have been a concert pianist. 60 00:03:43,466 --> 00:03:45,966 -[ Speaking English ] 61 00:03:45,966 --> 00:03:49,400 ♪♪ 62 00:03:49,400 --> 00:03:50,533 [ Horn honks ] 63 00:03:50,533 --> 00:03:54,166 -He has a PhD in Hegel in philosophy. 64 00:03:54,166 --> 00:03:57,033 ♪♪ 65 00:03:57,033 --> 00:04:00,033 -You're going to start off talking over my head. 66 00:04:00,033 --> 00:04:01,766 Is that what you're gonna do? -Yeah. 67 00:04:01,766 --> 00:04:03,600 -Nam June never answers the question. 68 00:04:03,600 --> 00:04:06,066 He takes an oblique approach. 69 00:04:06,066 --> 00:04:08,766 -He speaks about 20 languages. Do you know that? 70 00:04:08,766 --> 00:04:10,800 All extremely badly. 71 00:04:10,800 --> 00:04:14,200 -[ Laughing ] 72 00:04:14,200 --> 00:04:15,433 -He's the what? 73 00:04:15,433 --> 00:04:17,066 -He spoke English... -[ Speaking English ] 74 00:04:17,066 --> 00:04:19,166 -...he spoke German, he spoke Korean... 75 00:04:19,166 --> 00:04:22,933 -Japanese, Chinese... 76 00:04:22,933 --> 00:04:24,600 -Italian, a little bit... -Spanish... 77 00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:25,733 -...French... 78 00:04:25,733 --> 00:04:27,666 -Paikish. 79 00:04:27,666 --> 00:04:31,466 -People would always say 80 00:04:31,466 --> 00:04:32,966 Nam June speaks so many languages, 81 00:04:32,966 --> 00:04:34,766 but I don't understand what he's saying. 82 00:04:34,766 --> 00:04:36,066 [ Laughs ] 83 00:04:36,066 --> 00:04:38,100 ♪♪ 84 00:04:38,100 --> 00:04:40,800 -[ Speaking English ] 85 00:04:40,800 --> 00:04:42,933 [ Laughs ] 86 00:04:42,933 --> 00:04:45,066 [ Speaking English ] 87 00:04:45,066 --> 00:04:47,100 -At first, when I didn't really know him, 88 00:04:47,100 --> 00:04:49,433 and he often spoke in a broken English, 89 00:04:49,433 --> 00:04:51,800 I had a hard time understanding him. 90 00:04:51,800 --> 00:04:54,500 And until I learned how to listen to him, 91 00:04:54,500 --> 00:04:56,433 it was hard to hear him. 92 00:05:03,900 --> 00:05:05,100 -[ Sniffles ] 93 00:05:05,100 --> 00:05:08,133 -Normally, you work on an artist, 94 00:05:08,133 --> 00:05:12,500 and after some time, you're done with it. 95 00:05:12,500 --> 00:05:15,866 But Nam June keeps me busy all my life, 96 00:05:15,866 --> 00:05:17,966 because again and again, I would say, 97 00:05:17,966 --> 00:05:21,933 "Oh, had I known then, and now I understand." 98 00:05:21,933 --> 00:05:24,066 [ Soft music plays ] 99 00:05:24,066 --> 00:05:27,533 [ Rainfall ] 100 00:05:27,533 --> 00:05:29,666 [ Electronic screech ] 101 00:05:29,666 --> 00:05:39,133 ♪♪ 102 00:05:39,133 --> 00:05:42,866 -"It's the artist's job to think about the future." 103 00:05:42,866 --> 00:05:44,900 [ Static ] 104 00:05:44,900 --> 00:05:48,200 ♪♪ 105 00:05:48,200 --> 00:05:50,200 "Although I'm an artist, 106 00:05:50,200 --> 00:05:52,900 I'm not really concerned about so-said artwork." 107 00:05:52,900 --> 00:05:55,333 ♪♪ 108 00:05:55,333 --> 00:05:58,100 "I'm concerned to whole world." 109 00:05:58,100 --> 00:06:02,066 ♪♪ 110 00:06:02,066 --> 00:06:05,133 "I was born in Korea, and I've been away from my country 111 00:06:05,133 --> 00:06:07,200 for most of my life now." 112 00:06:07,200 --> 00:06:09,900 ♪♪ 113 00:06:09,900 --> 00:06:12,966 "So every day for me is a communication problem." 114 00:06:12,966 --> 00:06:15,500 ♪♪ 115 00:06:15,500 --> 00:06:18,500 "My problem is how to communicate better." 116 00:06:18,500 --> 00:06:36,300 ♪♪ 117 00:06:36,300 --> 00:06:39,100 [ Electronic screech ] 118 00:06:39,100 --> 00:06:40,566 -I think a lot of your activities 119 00:06:40,566 --> 00:06:44,300 now go back to the activities that were going on in Germany 120 00:06:44,300 --> 00:06:46,166 when you were a music student. -Yeah, Yeah. 121 00:06:46,166 --> 00:06:50,233 -And we're studying in -- in Munich, was it, or... 122 00:06:50,233 --> 00:06:52,433 -Yeah, yeah. 123 00:06:52,433 --> 00:07:06,533 ♪♪ 124 00:07:06,533 --> 00:07:10,366 -"I arrived in Munich, November 23, 1956." 125 00:07:10,366 --> 00:07:12,433 [ Bell tolling ] 126 00:07:17,933 --> 00:07:19,566 "I lived only one year in Munich, 127 00:07:19,566 --> 00:07:22,666 out of my total residency of seven years in Germany. 128 00:07:22,666 --> 00:07:27,833 But Munich is a scene which still haunts me most. 129 00:07:27,833 --> 00:07:30,566 Then I was 24 or so. 130 00:07:30,566 --> 00:07:34,833 Finally, I moved to music school." 131 00:07:34,833 --> 00:07:36,566 [ Wind whistling ] 132 00:07:36,566 --> 00:07:39,966 "It was a dark, cloudy day after dark, cloudy day. 133 00:07:39,966 --> 00:07:42,633 I repeated in my lips, 134 00:07:42,633 --> 00:07:47,200 'Dunkle Sehnsucht, dunkle Sehnsucht.' 135 00:07:47,200 --> 00:07:50,300 What saved me from total depression 136 00:07:50,300 --> 00:07:52,833 was the snowfall at English Garden. 137 00:07:52,833 --> 00:07:55,600 I thought I may give two years 138 00:07:55,600 --> 00:07:57,800 to try to be full-time composer." 139 00:07:57,800 --> 00:08:00,300 [ Wind whistling ] 140 00:08:00,300 --> 00:08:02,466 "It was like jumping out of cliff." 141 00:08:02,466 --> 00:08:05,600 [ Indistinct conversations ] 142 00:08:16,933 --> 00:08:20,000 [ Piano plays slow music ] 143 00:08:20,000 --> 00:08:37,666 ♪♪ 144 00:08:37,666 --> 00:08:41,066 "I wanted to be a composer for a long time. 145 00:08:41,066 --> 00:08:44,100 In my life, discovering the composer 146 00:08:44,100 --> 00:08:47,266 Arnold Schoenberg was the first revolution." 147 00:08:47,266 --> 00:08:50,733 ♪♪ 148 00:08:50,733 --> 00:08:52,933 "It was a miracle I discovered him in Korea." 149 00:08:52,933 --> 00:08:54,933 [ Needle scratches record ] 150 00:08:54,933 --> 00:08:57,200 "He immediately interested me 151 00:08:57,200 --> 00:08:59,333 because he was written as the devil, 152 00:08:59,333 --> 00:09:01,533 or the most extreme avant-garde." 153 00:09:01,533 --> 00:09:04,566 ♪♪ 154 00:09:04,566 --> 00:09:06,866 "Inside the cultural desert of wartime..." 155 00:09:06,866 --> 00:09:10,733 [ Sirens blaring ] 156 00:09:10,733 --> 00:09:13,033 "...there was a yearning for everything new." 157 00:09:13,033 --> 00:09:16,266 ♪♪ 158 00:09:16,266 --> 00:09:18,400 "A radical attitude, 159 00:09:18,400 --> 00:09:20,600 'day after tomorrow,' you know?" 160 00:09:20,600 --> 00:09:23,700 ♪♪ 161 00:09:23,700 --> 00:09:27,133 "I followed Schoenberg's most radical line to Germany." 162 00:09:27,133 --> 00:09:35,033 ♪♪ 163 00:09:35,033 --> 00:09:38,333 -[ Speaking English ] 164 00:09:49,766 --> 00:09:53,933 ♪♪ 165 00:09:53,933 --> 00:09:57,000 [ Speaking English ] 166 00:10:51,066 --> 00:10:54,200 ♪♪ 167 00:10:54,200 --> 00:10:57,433 [ Speaking English ] 168 00:11:06,533 --> 00:11:09,600 [ Birds calling ] 169 00:11:09,600 --> 00:11:17,700 ♪♪ 170 00:11:17,700 --> 00:11:21,766 -"In my grade-school years, 1939 to '45..." 171 00:11:21,766 --> 00:11:24,966 -[ Speaking Korean ] 172 00:11:32,000 --> 00:11:35,566 -...in Japanese-occupied Korea. 173 00:11:35,566 --> 00:11:36,933 We grade-school students 174 00:11:36,933 --> 00:11:39,733 talked to each other in Korean at home. 175 00:11:39,733 --> 00:11:42,900 But no sooner did we go out from our house gate, 176 00:11:42,900 --> 00:11:47,266 then it turns into Japanese. 177 00:11:47,266 --> 00:11:50,733 Otherwise, a policeman can stop us and pick us up." 178 00:11:50,733 --> 00:11:53,800 ♪♪ 179 00:11:53,800 --> 00:11:55,800 "Before we went home, 180 00:11:55,800 --> 00:11:58,133 we had a regular meeting of repentance, 181 00:11:58,133 --> 00:12:00,433 in which our teacher questions us 182 00:12:00,433 --> 00:12:03,100 as to who spoke Korean today." 183 00:12:03,100 --> 00:12:05,700 [ Children speaking indistinctly ] 184 00:12:05,700 --> 00:12:08,900 -[ Speaking Japanese ] 185 00:12:08,900 --> 00:12:14,766 ♪♪ 186 00:12:14,766 --> 00:12:17,000 -"When you count in a foreign language, 187 00:12:17,000 --> 00:12:19,933 you have to concentrate so hard, 188 00:12:19,933 --> 00:12:22,366 you don't have time to think about yourself." 189 00:12:22,366 --> 00:12:25,533 -[ Speaking Japanese ] 190 00:12:25,533 --> 00:12:33,033 ♪♪ 191 00:12:33,033 --> 00:12:35,566 -"As a student from underdeveloped Korea, 192 00:12:35,566 --> 00:12:37,666 I did not have any hope or illusion 193 00:12:37,666 --> 00:12:42,866 of making a career, positive or negative, in Germany. 194 00:12:42,866 --> 00:12:44,533 I had thought that a few geniuses 195 00:12:44,533 --> 00:12:47,566 were fallen from the heaven by some unseen creator, 196 00:12:47,566 --> 00:12:51,100 and they should be either German or French. 197 00:12:51,100 --> 00:12:54,500 But then it was in 1958. 198 00:12:54,500 --> 00:12:59,300 There was John Cage and David Tudor in Germany." 199 00:12:59,300 --> 00:13:00,900 ♪♪ 200 00:13:00,900 --> 00:13:03,300 "And I had a chance to go to his concert that night, 201 00:13:03,300 --> 00:13:06,400 and there was something weird happening." 202 00:13:06,400 --> 00:13:09,566 -[ Speaking German ] 203 00:13:12,733 --> 00:13:14,900 -John Cage was 204 00:13:14,900 --> 00:13:18,100 sort of the polarizing artist of his time. 205 00:13:18,100 --> 00:13:21,600 Cage challenged Western art 206 00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:25,833 by adopting techniques from Zen Buddhism, 207 00:13:25,833 --> 00:13:29,033 where he would throw the coins for the I-Ching 208 00:13:29,033 --> 00:13:31,800 to create his compositions 209 00:13:31,800 --> 00:13:34,466 and leave the work to chance. 210 00:13:34,466 --> 00:13:38,466 -[ Speaking English ] 211 00:13:45,633 --> 00:13:48,866 [ Metal tapping ] 212 00:13:48,866 --> 00:13:51,966 [ Speaking English ] 213 00:13:56,233 --> 00:13:58,333 [ Metal scraping ] 214 00:13:58,333 --> 00:14:01,000 ♪♪ 215 00:14:01,000 --> 00:14:04,166 -[ Speaking English ] 216 00:14:23,600 --> 00:14:25,800 ♪♪ 217 00:14:29,366 --> 00:14:31,366 [ Tapping ] 218 00:14:31,366 --> 00:14:36,366 ♪♪ 219 00:14:46,900 --> 00:14:50,300 ♪♪ 220 00:14:50,300 --> 00:14:53,800 -[ Speaking English ] 221 00:14:58,633 --> 00:15:01,800 [ Electronic screeching ] 222 00:15:01,800 --> 00:15:04,866 [ Piano pounding ] 223 00:15:04,866 --> 00:15:06,866 [ Rubber duck squeaks ] 224 00:15:06,866 --> 00:15:08,166 [ Horn honks ] 225 00:15:08,166 --> 00:15:14,500 -After Cage opened the door, Paik just soared with it. 226 00:15:14,500 --> 00:15:16,333 ♪♪ 227 00:15:16,333 --> 00:15:19,766 -[ Speaking Korean ] 228 00:15:24,700 --> 00:15:29,666 -John Cage and Nam June -- they became lifelong friends. 229 00:15:29,666 --> 00:15:31,600 -[ Speaking English ] 230 00:15:36,333 --> 00:15:38,566 [ Chuckles ] 231 00:15:38,566 --> 00:15:41,533 [ Speaking Korean ] 232 00:15:49,833 --> 00:15:53,033 [ Speaking Korean ] 233 00:15:56,266 --> 00:15:59,800 -The sort of general Cage philosophy is freedom. 234 00:15:59,800 --> 00:16:02,733 It's basically in one word. 235 00:16:02,733 --> 00:16:03,966 Freedom to be -- 236 00:16:03,966 --> 00:16:05,333 to make the art you want 237 00:16:05,333 --> 00:16:06,700 with what you want, 238 00:16:06,700 --> 00:16:08,666 in the ways that you want. 239 00:16:08,666 --> 00:16:13,400 Art can look a lot different than we were used to. 240 00:16:13,400 --> 00:16:16,466 [ Indistinct conversations, laughter ] 241 00:16:21,633 --> 00:16:25,333 -[ Speaking English ] 242 00:16:28,000 --> 00:16:31,066 [ Laughter and applause ] 243 00:16:31,066 --> 00:16:38,133 ♪♪ 244 00:16:38,133 --> 00:16:41,200 -[ Speaking English ] 245 00:16:46,966 --> 00:16:49,900 [ Laughter ] 246 00:16:49,900 --> 00:16:53,433 -[ Speaking English ] 247 00:16:53,433 --> 00:16:58,166 ♪♪ 248 00:16:58,166 --> 00:17:01,300 -[ Speaking English ] 249 00:17:01,300 --> 00:17:04,033 John Cage and Stockhausen -- 250 00:17:15,166 --> 00:17:18,966 -Your descriptions of your etude for pianoforte... 251 00:17:18,966 --> 00:17:20,533 -Yeah? -...where you, uh -- 252 00:17:20,533 --> 00:17:23,733 where You demolished a piano onstage 253 00:17:23,733 --> 00:17:25,633 and then leaped down into the audience 254 00:17:25,633 --> 00:17:28,966 and slashed John Cage's necktie with scissors 255 00:17:28,966 --> 00:17:31,866 and then shampooed his hair with soap. 256 00:17:31,866 --> 00:17:34,466 And then you ran out of the auditorium... 257 00:17:34,466 --> 00:17:36,366 -[ Chuckling ] Yeah. 258 00:17:36,366 --> 00:17:42,433 -And we sat absolutely dumb like -- like bad children 259 00:17:42,433 --> 00:17:47,066 for, uh, I think for almost half an hour 260 00:17:47,066 --> 00:17:49,100 in utter silence. 261 00:17:49,100 --> 00:17:51,700 And finally the telephone rang, 262 00:17:51,700 --> 00:17:54,900 and Mary Bauermeister went to the telephone. 263 00:17:54,900 --> 00:17:57,166 And then she turned to the audience and she said, 264 00:17:57,166 --> 00:17:59,166 "It's Paik calling 265 00:17:59,166 --> 00:18:01,266 to say that the performance is concluded." 266 00:18:01,266 --> 00:18:02,966 [ Laughs ] 267 00:18:02,966 --> 00:18:06,133 [ Laughter ] 268 00:18:06,133 --> 00:18:08,133 It was really amazing. 269 00:18:08,133 --> 00:18:11,633 But I must say that it's it's more entertaining to recall 270 00:18:11,633 --> 00:18:14,533 than it was to be present at. -[ Chuckles ] 271 00:18:14,533 --> 00:18:17,666 -[ Speaking English ] 272 00:18:31,600 --> 00:18:33,533 ♪♪ 273 00:18:33,533 --> 00:18:36,866 -[ Speaking Korean ] 274 00:18:59,966 --> 00:19:08,000 ♪♪ 275 00:19:08,000 --> 00:19:11,266 -[ Speaking English ] 276 00:19:23,166 --> 00:19:26,366 -[ Speaking German ] 277 00:19:26,366 --> 00:19:29,700 ♪♪ 278 00:19:29,700 --> 00:19:32,800 -[ Speaking English ] 279 00:19:41,300 --> 00:19:46,666 ♪♪ 280 00:19:46,666 --> 00:19:49,966 -Until then, no international movement 281 00:19:49,966 --> 00:19:52,166 included Asian art. 282 00:19:52,166 --> 00:20:06,300 ♪♪ 283 00:20:06,300 --> 00:20:12,966 -[ Speaking English ] 284 00:20:16,300 --> 00:20:18,833 ♪♪ 285 00:20:18,833 --> 00:20:22,133 -[ Speaking English ] 286 00:20:27,800 --> 00:20:30,766 ♪♪ 287 00:20:30,766 --> 00:20:33,700 -[ Speaking English ] 288 00:20:49,700 --> 00:20:50,766 [ Chuckles ] 289 00:20:50,766 --> 00:20:55,033 ♪♪ 290 00:20:55,033 --> 00:20:58,166 [ Speaking English ] 291 00:21:03,366 --> 00:21:09,700 ♪♪ 292 00:21:09,700 --> 00:21:12,866 -[ Speaking German ] 293 00:21:15,100 --> 00:21:18,300 [ Laughter ] 294 00:21:20,066 --> 00:21:22,533 [ Speaking German ] 295 00:21:27,366 --> 00:21:31,333 [ Indistinct conversations ] 296 00:21:31,333 --> 00:21:34,433 [ Speaking English ] 297 00:21:36,466 --> 00:21:39,666 [ Light laughter ] 298 00:21:40,900 --> 00:21:42,666 -We all got to know him 299 00:21:42,666 --> 00:21:45,566 as -- as a poor man from a poor country. 300 00:21:45,566 --> 00:21:48,600 How many times I heard him say that? 301 00:21:48,600 --> 00:21:51,066 I mean, I don't think many people knew 302 00:21:51,066 --> 00:21:53,300 that he came from a privileged youth. 303 00:21:53,300 --> 00:21:55,733 He didn't talk about that a lot. 304 00:21:55,733 --> 00:21:59,866 And this was very important for his political awakening. 305 00:21:59,866 --> 00:22:02,266 He saw that all ripped away from him. 306 00:22:02,266 --> 00:22:03,966 ♪♪ 307 00:22:03,966 --> 00:22:06,733 [ Speaking Korean ] 308 00:22:09,533 --> 00:22:11,733 [ Light laughter ] 309 00:22:11,733 --> 00:22:15,466 -Our family was one of the wealthiest families, 310 00:22:15,466 --> 00:22:18,366 you know, of those days. 311 00:22:18,366 --> 00:22:19,900 ♪♪ 312 00:22:19,900 --> 00:22:23,033 [ Speaking English ] 313 00:22:23,033 --> 00:22:29,433 ♪♪ 314 00:22:29,433 --> 00:22:31,666 -"My father was a businessman 315 00:22:31,666 --> 00:22:34,500 and had this obsession to raise money." 316 00:22:34,500 --> 00:22:39,433 ♪♪ 317 00:22:39,433 --> 00:22:42,666 We were really one of the most corrupted families in Korea." 318 00:22:42,666 --> 00:22:44,700 ♪♪ 319 00:22:44,700 --> 00:22:46,566 "My leftist tendencies were fortified 320 00:22:46,566 --> 00:22:49,400 by the plight of my aunt's family. 321 00:22:49,400 --> 00:22:53,466 My father had to take care of the seven members of my family. 322 00:22:53,466 --> 00:22:58,333 My aunt worked as a kind of head maid in our home." 323 00:22:58,333 --> 00:23:00,433 ♪♪ 324 00:23:00,433 --> 00:23:02,266 "My father treated them all so badly 325 00:23:02,266 --> 00:23:04,666 that my Oedipus complex started there." 326 00:23:04,666 --> 00:23:06,666 ♪♪ 327 00:23:06,666 --> 00:23:09,100 "I loathed being his son. 328 00:23:09,100 --> 00:23:12,866 I became a revolutionary." 329 00:23:12,866 --> 00:23:15,100 [ Indistinct shouting ] 330 00:23:15,100 --> 00:23:18,600 "Subconsciously, you always compete with your father. 331 00:23:18,600 --> 00:23:20,966 -I became a Marxist, 332 00:23:20,966 --> 00:23:24,000 a 13-year-old Communist." 333 00:23:24,000 --> 00:23:25,633 [ Indistinct conversations ] 334 00:23:25,633 --> 00:23:28,233 "It was dangerous to be a Communist then." 335 00:23:28,233 --> 00:23:29,400 ♪♪ 336 00:23:29,400 --> 00:23:31,166 [ Gunfire, indistinct shouting ] 337 00:23:31,166 --> 00:23:32,333 [ Siren wails ] 338 00:23:32,333 --> 00:23:34,966 "This reflects the social atmosphere of Seoul, 339 00:23:34,966 --> 00:23:37,933 which was like a tinderbox before an explosion." 340 00:23:37,933 --> 00:23:40,900 [ Siren wails ] 341 00:23:40,900 --> 00:23:44,700 ♪♪ 342 00:23:44,700 --> 00:23:48,366 -[ Speaking English ] 343 00:23:53,566 --> 00:23:56,866 [ Siren wails ] 344 00:23:56,866 --> 00:24:32,433 ♪♪ 345 00:24:14,666 --> 00:24:32,433 ♪♪ 346 00:24:32,433 --> 00:24:35,733 -"Communist forces attacked the Republic of Korea. 347 00:24:35,733 --> 00:24:38,600 This attack has made it clear beyond all." 348 00:24:38,600 --> 00:24:40,433 [ Explosion ] 349 00:24:40,433 --> 00:24:41,866 ♪♪ 350 00:24:41,866 --> 00:24:44,600 -"Korean War -- single factor 351 00:24:44,600 --> 00:24:46,733 that decided my life, absolutely." 352 00:24:46,733 --> 00:24:49,266 [ Siren wails ] 353 00:24:49,266 --> 00:24:51,266 ♪♪ 354 00:24:51,266 --> 00:24:54,433 [ Piano plays dissonantly ] 355 00:24:54,433 --> 00:24:55,933 "History will repeat itself 356 00:24:55,933 --> 00:24:59,000 if we don't plan the future carefully." 357 00:24:59,000 --> 00:25:01,166 ♪♪ 358 00:25:01,166 --> 00:25:03,966 -[ Speaking Korean on radio ] 359 00:25:03,966 --> 00:25:07,933 ♪♪ 360 00:25:07,933 --> 00:25:09,400 -:Most people don't know 361 00:25:09,400 --> 00:25:12,200 that Hitler made the radio with no dials." 362 00:25:12,200 --> 00:25:15,166 -[ Speaking German on radio ] 363 00:25:15,166 --> 00:25:17,400 -"One day, I woke up late 364 00:25:17,400 --> 00:25:20,100 and decided that if I were going to do a show, 365 00:25:20,100 --> 00:25:23,266 I want to make it very radical and new. 366 00:25:23,266 --> 00:25:26,866 I wanted to carve out a different path. 367 00:25:26,866 --> 00:25:29,833 I thought TV would replace the radio. 368 00:25:29,833 --> 00:25:31,966 I thought it would be coming. 369 00:25:31,966 --> 00:25:35,333 So I bought a TV and opened up the back." 370 00:25:35,333 --> 00:25:38,400 [ Static ] 371 00:25:38,400 --> 00:25:42,466 ♪♪ 372 00:25:42,466 --> 00:25:46,600 "Then and there, I was inspired to do TV art." 373 00:25:46,600 --> 00:25:51,300 ♪♪ 374 00:25:51,300 --> 00:25:54,466 -[ Speaking English ] 375 00:25:57,866 --> 00:26:03,100 ♪♪ 376 00:26:03,100 --> 00:26:05,133 -The television used to be described 377 00:26:05,133 --> 00:26:07,666 as a window onto the world. 378 00:26:07,666 --> 00:26:09,733 But who was creating that world? 379 00:26:09,733 --> 00:26:11,033 And what was the world 380 00:26:11,033 --> 00:26:13,866 that was coming onto the television set? 381 00:26:13,866 --> 00:26:16,933 It wasn't the avant-garde. 382 00:26:16,933 --> 00:26:19,333 Around that time, 383 00:26:19,333 --> 00:26:21,566 Nam June was given the opportunity 384 00:26:21,566 --> 00:26:24,533 to have his first one-artist exhibition. 385 00:26:24,533 --> 00:26:27,466 Rolf Jahrling -- 386 00:26:27,466 --> 00:26:30,033 he just opened his doors to Nam June. 387 00:26:30,033 --> 00:26:32,166 He said, "Do something, anything." 388 00:26:32,166 --> 00:26:35,833 -[ Speaking German ] 389 00:26:48,500 --> 00:26:52,600 -"To start electronics from basic full-time job." 390 00:26:52,600 --> 00:26:55,666 -[ Speaking German ] 391 00:27:14,233 --> 00:27:17,300 [ Indistinct conversations ] 392 00:27:17,300 --> 00:27:26,266 ♪♪ 393 00:27:26,266 --> 00:27:28,666 -The exhibition at the Galerie Parnass 394 00:27:28,666 --> 00:27:30,033 was the first time 395 00:27:30,033 --> 00:27:32,233 that an artist brought the television 396 00:27:32,233 --> 00:27:35,833 fully into an art exhibition. 397 00:27:35,833 --> 00:27:38,900 -[ Speaking German ] 398 00:27:43,566 --> 00:27:46,566 ♪♪ 399 00:27:46,566 --> 00:27:49,566 [ Indistinct conversations ] 400 00:27:49,566 --> 00:27:52,700 [ Speaking German ] 401 00:28:03,833 --> 00:28:09,000 -He prepared the television to become something other 402 00:28:09,000 --> 00:28:12,933 than a simply passive transmitter 403 00:28:12,933 --> 00:28:15,966 into one's life. 404 00:28:15,966 --> 00:28:18,133 ♪♪ 405 00:28:18,133 --> 00:28:21,233 -[ Speaking German ] 406 00:28:30,200 --> 00:28:39,566 ♪♪ 407 00:28:39,566 --> 00:28:42,666 [ Speaking German ] 408 00:28:48,466 --> 00:28:58,333 ♪♪ 409 00:28:58,333 --> 00:28:59,566 [ Birds chirping ] 410 00:28:59,566 --> 00:29:02,533 -[ Speaking English ] 411 00:29:07,433 --> 00:29:10,500 -[ Speaking German ] 412 00:29:32,000 --> 00:29:33,833 [ Chickens clucking ] 413 00:29:33,833 --> 00:29:36,900 -[ Speaking English ] 414 00:29:40,133 --> 00:29:43,400 "Invitation very urgent." 415 00:29:43,400 --> 00:29:47,566 ♪♪ 416 00:29:47,566 --> 00:29:50,633 -[ Speaking English ] 417 00:29:55,566 --> 00:29:59,766 -Why? New York City was home to the broadcast television. 418 00:29:59,766 --> 00:30:03,300 It was the communications capital of the planet. 419 00:30:03,300 --> 00:30:05,666 ♪♪ 420 00:30:05,666 --> 00:30:08,733 -[ Speaking English ] 421 00:30:16,700 --> 00:30:19,300 -[ Orchestra plays up-tempo music ] 422 00:30:19,300 --> 00:30:30,200 ♪♪ 423 00:30:30,200 --> 00:30:32,900 -[ Speaking English ] 424 00:30:38,833 --> 00:30:42,366 ♪♪ 425 00:30:42,366 --> 00:30:45,733 [ Speaking English ] 426 00:30:48,800 --> 00:30:54,033 ♪♪ 427 00:30:54,033 --> 00:30:57,266 [ Speaking English ] 428 00:30:59,900 --> 00:31:02,966 -When Paik came to live here in 1964, 429 00:31:02,966 --> 00:31:05,966 it wasn't easy, because he had 16 television sets, 430 00:31:05,966 --> 00:31:09,233 chained together, and he had two robots. 431 00:31:09,233 --> 00:31:12,766 [ "Rhapsody in Blue" plays ] 432 00:31:12,766 --> 00:31:14,266 -There was quite a mystique about Paik 433 00:31:14,266 --> 00:31:16,066 before he arrived in this country. 434 00:31:16,066 --> 00:31:18,700 He had a reputation for violence. 435 00:31:18,700 --> 00:31:20,433 [ Audience gasps ] 436 00:31:20,433 --> 00:31:23,733 So we were sure this monster was going to appear. 437 00:31:23,733 --> 00:31:28,500 And he turned out to be this shy, quiet guy, 438 00:31:28,500 --> 00:31:30,533 and I think surprised everybody who hadn't met him. 439 00:31:30,533 --> 00:31:33,633 -[ Speaking English ] 440 00:31:37,466 --> 00:31:38,633 -[ Laughs ] 441 00:31:38,633 --> 00:31:40,200 ♪♪ 442 00:31:40,200 --> 00:31:44,933 -When he came, he entered the downtown avant-garde art scene. 443 00:31:44,933 --> 00:31:46,966 ♪♪ 444 00:31:46,966 --> 00:31:49,333 John Cage... 445 00:31:49,333 --> 00:31:51,866 George Maciunas... 446 00:31:51,866 --> 00:31:53,933 -Ginsberg... 447 00:31:53,933 --> 00:31:55,633 -Merce Cunningham... 448 00:31:55,633 --> 00:31:58,066 -And of course, Charlotte Moorman. 449 00:31:58,066 --> 00:32:00,300 ♪♪ 450 00:32:00,300 --> 00:32:03,133 -I had started a Festival of the Avant Garde. 451 00:32:03,133 --> 00:32:09,066 The avant-garde grapevine was such that Nam June Paik, I met. 452 00:32:09,066 --> 00:32:12,933 And he went, "Oh, I make pieces for you." 453 00:32:12,933 --> 00:32:15,466 He says, "Oh, I always dreamed of having 454 00:32:15,466 --> 00:32:18,000 classical musician who would strip." 455 00:32:18,000 --> 00:32:21,933 I don't know why he thought I would do this. 456 00:32:21,933 --> 00:32:25,400 ♪♪ 457 00:32:25,400 --> 00:32:27,500 I'm looking at him, and I'm thinking, 458 00:32:27,500 --> 00:32:30,366 like, "Who needs you?" 459 00:32:30,366 --> 00:32:35,466 But I was so fascinated with him that I ended up agreeing. 460 00:32:37,966 --> 00:32:41,133 [ Indistinct conversations ] 461 00:32:41,133 --> 00:32:52,200 ♪♪ 462 00:32:52,200 --> 00:32:55,066 And at that meeting, we became partners. 463 00:32:55,066 --> 00:33:01,133 All this whole, um, experience started then. 464 00:33:01,133 --> 00:33:05,866 ♪♪ 465 00:33:05,866 --> 00:33:09,266 -[ Speaking English ] 466 00:33:20,966 --> 00:33:23,366 -Hi. Oh. Oh, wow. 467 00:33:23,366 --> 00:33:25,200 Oh, right. Oh. 468 00:33:25,200 --> 00:33:28,300 Oh, no, this is very serious. 469 00:33:28,300 --> 00:33:30,866 They're so, big, Paik. 470 00:33:30,866 --> 00:33:33,566 I'm not an airplane. [ Laughter ] 471 00:33:33,566 --> 00:33:35,666 Seriously. No, no, I'm telling you, 472 00:33:35,666 --> 00:33:37,066 if I put the cello here... 473 00:33:37,066 --> 00:33:39,800 -[ Speaking English ] 474 00:33:58,200 --> 00:34:01,333 [ Notes plinking ] 475 00:34:05,633 --> 00:34:07,366 -We've been having a lot of fun 476 00:34:07,366 --> 00:34:09,066 breaking the rules together. 477 00:34:09,066 --> 00:34:12,300 Paik was always making something new. 478 00:34:12,300 --> 00:34:15,166 So -- So unexpected. 479 00:34:15,166 --> 00:34:18,533 ♪♪ 480 00:34:18,533 --> 00:34:21,066 He premiered the robot that year. 481 00:34:21,066 --> 00:34:27,166 ♪♪ 482 00:34:27,166 --> 00:34:30,033 Oh, it's a marvelous mechanical man. 483 00:34:30,033 --> 00:34:33,366 Well, actually, it's had breasts and a penis, 484 00:34:33,366 --> 00:34:39,166 and it walked and it talked and it [bleep] little white beans. 485 00:34:39,166 --> 00:34:40,533 It was hilarious. 486 00:34:40,533 --> 00:34:42,133 The New York Times and the  News -- 487 00:34:42,133 --> 00:34:44,733 the papers sent their music critics 488 00:34:44,733 --> 00:34:47,433 to review Nam June Paik and the robot and me, 489 00:34:47,433 --> 00:34:50,600 and they didn't quite know what to do with us. 490 00:34:50,600 --> 00:34:54,133 In fact, Howard Klein gave us our worst review we've ever had. 491 00:34:54,133 --> 00:34:58,766 ♪♪ 492 00:34:58,766 --> 00:35:00,633 so it was a good review. You should read it. 493 00:35:00,633 --> 00:35:04,400 It says we're talentless, uh, about the worst thing 494 00:35:04,400 --> 00:35:06,400 he had ever seen up to that point. 495 00:35:06,400 --> 00:35:09,233 [ Horn honks ] 496 00:35:10,966 --> 00:35:14,200 -[ Speaking English ] 497 00:35:26,033 --> 00:35:28,133 -Robot K-456 -- 498 00:35:28,133 --> 00:35:31,600 it's not the sci-fi robot, 499 00:35:31,600 --> 00:35:33,366 all slick and so forth, 500 00:35:33,366 --> 00:35:36,966 but you could see how it was made when you saw it. 501 00:35:36,966 --> 00:35:39,733 He didn't want it hidden behind a facade. 502 00:35:39,733 --> 00:35:43,300 He wanted to show you 503 00:35:43,300 --> 00:35:46,033 that the technology was being controlled. 504 00:35:46,033 --> 00:35:48,366 -[As JFK] ...will light our country 505 00:35:48,366 --> 00:35:49,766 and all who serve it. 506 00:35:49,766 --> 00:35:53,100 -And the robot would walk up and it would -- 507 00:35:53,100 --> 00:35:55,566 it had the speech then of John Kennedy, 508 00:35:55,566 --> 00:35:58,133 "Ask not what your country can do for you, 509 00:35:58,133 --> 00:35:59,666 but what you can do for the country. 510 00:35:59,666 --> 00:36:02,533 And -- And I thought it was bad taste 511 00:36:02,533 --> 00:36:04,933 because Kennedy had just been assassinated. 512 00:36:04,933 --> 00:36:07,866 But Paik would not change the tape. 513 00:36:07,866 --> 00:36:09,800 -...so, my fellow Americans, 514 00:36:09,800 --> 00:36:15,166 ask not what your country can do for you -- 515 00:36:15,166 --> 00:36:18,133 ask what you can do for your country." 516 00:36:18,133 --> 00:36:19,533 [ Cheers and applause ] 517 00:36:19,533 --> 00:36:25,066 -[ Speaking native language ] 518 00:36:25,066 --> 00:36:28,466 [ Speaking English ] 519 00:36:30,900 --> 00:36:33,600 -...what America will do for you, 520 00:36:33,600 --> 00:36:38,200 but what together we can do for the freedom of man. 521 00:36:38,200 --> 00:36:39,566 [ Cheers and applause ] 522 00:36:39,566 --> 00:36:42,733 -[ Speaking Vietnamese ] 523 00:36:46,533 --> 00:36:49,633 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 524 00:36:49,633 --> 00:36:53,466 -[ Speaking Korean ] 525 00:36:58,133 --> 00:37:01,266 -[ Speaking Korean ] 526 00:37:08,766 --> 00:37:12,733 ♪♪ 527 00:37:12,733 --> 00:37:15,333 -"If I had been loyal to my Marxist ideology..." 528 00:37:15,333 --> 00:37:17,633 [ Marching band plays ] 529 00:37:17,633 --> 00:37:20,833 ♪♪ 530 00:37:20,833 --> 00:37:24,566 "...I would have died in Korea in 1951." 531 00:37:24,566 --> 00:37:27,133 ♪♪ 532 00:37:27,133 --> 00:37:28,900 "Two boys from my Communist circle 533 00:37:28,900 --> 00:37:32,400 went to North Korea, as did my composition teacher. 534 00:37:32,400 --> 00:37:34,800 I've never heard from them." 535 00:37:34,800 --> 00:37:37,866 [ Indistinct shouting ] 536 00:37:37,866 --> 00:37:40,866 [ Radio tuning ] 537 00:37:40,866 --> 00:37:48,333 ♪♪ 538 00:37:48,333 --> 00:37:50,633 "Television is a dictatorial medium, 539 00:37:50,633 --> 00:37:52,300 like a one-way parachute. 540 00:37:52,300 --> 00:37:56,066 When the superiors say something to the inferior, 541 00:37:56,066 --> 00:37:58,666 they can just listen and answer 'yes.'" 542 00:37:58,666 --> 00:38:02,033 ♪♪ 543 00:38:02,033 --> 00:38:04,633 "The way of answering could be more interactive. 544 00:38:04,633 --> 00:38:07,066 I think talking back is what democracy means." 545 00:38:07,066 --> 00:38:36,266 ♪♪ 546 00:38:36,266 --> 00:38:39,700 -Nam June's ideas that he was exploring 547 00:38:39,700 --> 00:38:41,766 at the Galerie Parnass show, 548 00:38:41,766 --> 00:38:44,833 he began to push it further, and you begin to see 549 00:38:44,833 --> 00:38:48,533 how he was developing new ways of participating. 550 00:38:48,533 --> 00:38:49,800 -...ignore them 551 00:38:49,800 --> 00:38:53,133 or deny them without giving details. 552 00:38:53,133 --> 00:38:56,733 I believe we've had enough of that in the United States... 553 00:38:56,733 --> 00:39:01,233 -Maybe the audience could finally understand. 554 00:39:01,233 --> 00:39:03,400 -To me, the office of the vice Presidency 555 00:39:03,400 --> 00:39:06,466 of the United States is a great office. 556 00:39:06,466 --> 00:39:10,000 -[ Speaking English ] 557 00:39:10,000 --> 00:39:12,533 ♪♪ 558 00:39:12,533 --> 00:39:13,966 -You know, take that magnet 559 00:39:13,966 --> 00:39:16,766 and twist it on top and take that image 560 00:39:16,766 --> 00:39:19,666 and just twist it so it's no longer recognizable. 561 00:39:19,666 --> 00:39:22,866 It wasn't about the beauty of abstraction. 562 00:39:22,866 --> 00:39:25,500 It was an attack on the sanctity of that image, 563 00:39:25,500 --> 00:39:29,600 of its power, of its -- of its veracity. 564 00:39:29,600 --> 00:39:32,800 -[ Speaking English ] 565 00:39:37,500 --> 00:39:44,800 ♪♪ 566 00:39:44,800 --> 00:39:48,133 [ Speaking English ] 567 00:39:57,333 --> 00:39:59,400 -It is an evaluation 568 00:39:59,400 --> 00:40:02,733 made by the old visual types 569 00:40:02,733 --> 00:40:05,066 looking in the rear-view mirror, as usual, 570 00:40:05,066 --> 00:40:07,933 off something that is threatening the old values. 571 00:40:07,933 --> 00:40:11,033 -[ Speaking English ] 572 00:40:27,533 --> 00:40:30,633 [ Static ] 573 00:40:30,633 --> 00:40:33,800 [ Speaking English ] 574 00:40:33,800 --> 00:40:37,233 ♪♪ 575 00:40:47,200 --> 00:40:50,033 -[ Speaking English ] -[ Speaking English ] 576 00:40:54,600 --> 00:41:00,766 ♪ Oooooooh ♪ 577 00:41:00,766 --> 00:41:10,966 ♪♪ 578 00:41:10,966 --> 00:41:14,366 [ Speaking English ] 579 00:41:17,033 --> 00:41:26,266 ♪♪ 580 00:41:26,266 --> 00:41:29,600 [ Speaking English ] 581 00:41:41,300 --> 00:41:43,233 [ Saw whirring ] 582 00:41:43,233 --> 00:41:46,300 [ Speaking English ] 583 00:41:48,600 --> 00:41:52,000 [ Speaking English ] 584 00:41:54,866 --> 00:41:56,200 -[ Laughs ] 585 00:41:56,200 --> 00:41:58,866 He's learning his machine. 586 00:41:58,866 --> 00:42:02,066 -In the mid-'60s, a prototype of 587 00:42:02,066 --> 00:42:09,500 this relatively inexpensive portable VTR video tape recorder 588 00:42:09,500 --> 00:42:11,100 appeared on the scene. 589 00:42:11,100 --> 00:42:15,200 ♪♪ 590 00:42:15,200 --> 00:42:18,300 A new generation of artists and social activists 591 00:42:18,300 --> 00:42:19,933 seized on it. 592 00:42:19,933 --> 00:42:24,666 ♪♪ 593 00:42:24,666 --> 00:42:27,733 -[ Speaking Korean ] 594 00:42:30,366 --> 00:42:34,266 -The portable technology that the PortaPack represented, 595 00:42:34,266 --> 00:42:39,100 it was the opportunity for individuals 596 00:42:39,100 --> 00:42:41,666 to actually have a voice, 597 00:42:41,666 --> 00:42:45,033 to give the public the opportunity to produce, 598 00:42:45,033 --> 00:42:47,800 if you will, their own information. 599 00:42:47,800 --> 00:42:50,466 -Free ourselves, free our sisters! 600 00:42:50,466 --> 00:42:53,533 Free ourselves, free our sisters! 601 00:42:53,533 --> 00:42:56,600 [ Speaking Korean ] 602 00:42:59,000 --> 00:43:00,633 ♪♪ 603 00:43:00,633 --> 00:43:05,000 -It was a community of artists based around the PortaPack. 604 00:43:05,000 --> 00:43:07,933 ♪♪ 605 00:43:07,933 --> 00:43:11,033 -In terms of the art world in New York at that time, 606 00:43:11,033 --> 00:43:14,433 video was a nuisance. 607 00:43:14,433 --> 00:43:18,566 It was not understood how they could sell such a thing 608 00:43:18,566 --> 00:43:21,133 or how they could display it. 609 00:43:21,133 --> 00:43:22,600 -In the 1960s, 610 00:43:22,600 --> 00:43:24,900 there were hierarchies in the art world. 611 00:43:24,900 --> 00:43:29,900 Painting was still at the apex and then maybe sculpture. 612 00:43:29,900 --> 00:43:34,666 Photography was unheard-of as a fine-art practice. 613 00:43:34,666 --> 00:43:38,733 Film was considered, you know, a form of entertainment. 614 00:43:38,733 --> 00:43:41,366 It wasn't considered an art form yet. 615 00:43:41,366 --> 00:43:44,066 And what did Nam June choose? 616 00:43:44,066 --> 00:43:48,300 He chose the media of video. 617 00:43:48,300 --> 00:43:50,533 ♪♪ 618 00:43:50,533 --> 00:43:52,733 -I mean, there were a lot of big questions 619 00:43:52,733 --> 00:43:54,866 about its relationship to art. 620 00:43:54,866 --> 00:43:57,266 And a lot of people had concluded, 621 00:43:57,266 --> 00:43:59,400 "I thought it was subverting the relationship 622 00:43:59,400 --> 00:44:03,633 between art and the institution of art." 623 00:44:03,633 --> 00:44:06,766 -[ Speaking English ] 624 00:44:09,933 --> 00:44:11,900 You know? Yeah. -[ Chuckles ] 625 00:44:11,900 --> 00:44:14,966 [ Indistinct conversations ] 626 00:44:14,966 --> 00:44:17,133 -[ Speaking English ] 627 00:44:17,133 --> 00:44:20,666 [ Indistinct conversations ] 628 00:44:20,666 --> 00:44:23,500 -[ Speaking English ] 629 00:44:43,266 --> 00:44:45,833 -[ Speaking English ] 630 00:44:45,833 --> 00:44:47,933 -[ Speaking English ] -Good. 631 00:44:47,933 --> 00:44:50,533 -[ Whispering in English ] -Alright. 632 00:44:50,533 --> 00:44:53,933 -[ Speaking English ] -[ Speaking indistinctly ] 633 00:44:53,933 --> 00:44:57,300 -[ Speaking English ] -[ Speaking English ] 634 00:44:57,300 --> 00:45:00,466 -[ Speaking English ] 635 00:45:00,466 --> 00:45:03,066 -In terms of a technological revolution, 636 00:45:03,066 --> 00:45:04,633 he was one of the people 637 00:45:04,633 --> 00:45:07,166 who really opened that door wide. 638 00:45:07,166 --> 00:45:18,266 ♪♪ 639 00:45:12,733 --> 00:45:18,266 ♪♪ 640 00:45:18,266 --> 00:45:20,700 Nam June and Charlotte Moorman, 641 00:45:20,700 --> 00:45:23,166 they work well-known even then. 642 00:45:23,166 --> 00:45:24,966 ♪♪ 643 00:45:24,966 --> 00:45:28,533 He was kind of famous. Not -- Not world-famous. 644 00:45:28,533 --> 00:45:33,366 Not even America famous. Not even famous in New York. 645 00:45:33,366 --> 00:45:35,766 But he was famous in the video community. 646 00:45:35,766 --> 00:45:38,533 ♪♪ 647 00:45:38,533 --> 00:45:40,533 -[ Speaking English ] 648 00:45:40,533 --> 00:45:42,866 [ Chuckling ] You know? 649 00:45:42,866 --> 00:45:45,866 ♪♪ 650 00:45:45,866 --> 00:45:48,633 -[ Speaking English ] 651 00:45:51,466 --> 00:45:54,066 [ Laughs ] 652 00:46:02,733 --> 00:46:05,166 -I don't remember it as love at first sight, 653 00:46:05,166 --> 00:46:09,333 but "love after a while" was, like, the way I remember it. 654 00:46:09,333 --> 00:46:12,966 ♪♪ 655 00:46:12,966 --> 00:46:15,933 -[ Speaking English ] 656 00:46:18,600 --> 00:46:20,600 ♪♪ 657 00:46:20,600 --> 00:46:23,766 -[ Speaking English ] 658 00:46:34,266 --> 00:46:37,433 [ Traffic passing ] 659 00:46:44,300 --> 00:46:47,366 [ Speaking Korean ] 660 00:46:53,966 --> 00:46:57,233 [ Speaking English ] 661 00:46:57,233 --> 00:47:00,966 [ Indistinct shouting ] 662 00:47:00,966 --> 00:47:04,100 [ Indistinct conversations ] 663 00:47:04,100 --> 00:47:07,166 [ Speaking English ] 664 00:47:08,900 --> 00:47:12,000 [ Indistinct shouting ] 665 00:47:12,000 --> 00:47:15,200 [ Speaking English ] 666 00:47:15,200 --> 00:47:18,900 [ Indistinct shouting ] 667 00:47:18,900 --> 00:47:20,600 -It was such a trauma. 668 00:47:20,600 --> 00:47:23,366 I think it was terribly unfair for Paik 669 00:47:23,366 --> 00:47:25,300 when they put the number on him. 670 00:47:25,300 --> 00:47:26,766 And he looked at me and he said, 671 00:47:26,766 --> 00:47:28,433 "I never thought it would come to this." 672 00:47:28,433 --> 00:47:31,600 "Oh, he was so -- That was the saddest I've ever seen Paik. 673 00:47:31,600 --> 00:47:34,033 [ Indistinct shouting ] 674 00:47:34,033 --> 00:47:36,466 -[ Speaking English ] 675 00:47:46,033 --> 00:47:47,633 ♪♪ 676 00:47:47,633 --> 00:47:49,466 [ Speaking English ] 677 00:47:49,466 --> 00:47:56,900 ♪♪ 678 00:47:56,900 --> 00:48:02,300 -Being an artist in a medium that has no market 679 00:48:02,300 --> 00:48:05,233 is enough of an existential threat. 680 00:48:05,233 --> 00:48:07,633 I mean, I don't know how he lived. 681 00:48:07,633 --> 00:48:10,700 -[ Speaking English ] 682 00:48:27,266 --> 00:48:28,933 Some of them, tuna, 683 00:48:28,933 --> 00:48:31,233 might be left even for your next visit here 684 00:48:31,233 --> 00:48:33,300 and some others. 685 00:48:33,300 --> 00:48:44,433 ♪♪ 686 00:48:44,433 --> 00:48:47,366 -[ Speaking English ] 687 00:48:59,066 --> 00:49:02,266 ♪♪ 688 00:49:02,266 --> 00:49:06,566 -He was so afraid of having to return to Korea. 689 00:49:06,566 --> 00:49:10,266 ♪♪ 690 00:49:10,266 --> 00:49:13,466 He had been very close to his mother. 691 00:49:13,466 --> 00:49:15,733 ♪♪ 692 00:49:15,733 --> 00:49:19,966 But his father disregarded him. 693 00:49:19,966 --> 00:49:22,900 He gave up on him. 694 00:49:22,900 --> 00:49:31,300 ♪♪ 695 00:49:31,300 --> 00:49:35,500 And the Korean newspapers had articles about Nam June 696 00:49:35,500 --> 00:49:39,433 that brought shame on his whole family. 697 00:49:39,433 --> 00:49:46,033 ♪♪ 698 00:49:46,033 --> 00:49:49,400 I remember reading those descriptions 699 00:49:49,400 --> 00:49:53,300 as a teenager and a young college student. 700 00:49:53,300 --> 00:49:55,900 ♪♪ 701 00:49:55,900 --> 00:49:57,600 Korea at that time, 702 00:49:57,600 --> 00:50:06,266 it was a controlled or, uh, dictated democracy. 703 00:50:06,266 --> 00:50:08,833 ♪♪ 704 00:50:08,833 --> 00:50:10,933 The Korean government in the South 705 00:50:10,933 --> 00:50:16,700 was afraid of Koreans who spend time overseas 706 00:50:16,700 --> 00:50:21,633 imposing influence on the Koreans in Korea. 707 00:50:21,633 --> 00:50:23,466 ♪♪ 708 00:50:23,466 --> 00:50:24,666 -You know by then, though, 709 00:50:24,666 --> 00:50:27,266 you know, like -- like all immigrants, 710 00:50:27,266 --> 00:50:29,733 "Where is your home?" You know, huh? 711 00:50:29,733 --> 00:50:31,800 [ Elevator whirring ] 712 00:50:31,800 --> 00:50:44,633 ♪♪ 713 00:50:44,633 --> 00:50:47,300 -"Dear John, 714 00:50:47,300 --> 00:50:50,366 I decided that when I'm fooling around still, 715 00:50:50,366 --> 00:50:54,266 in my 40s, as a yellow gypsy here, 716 00:50:54,266 --> 00:50:57,466 you had betted on the wrong horse." 717 00:50:57,466 --> 00:51:00,733 ♪♪ 718 00:51:00,733 --> 00:51:04,300 -"Nam June, all of those pieces 719 00:51:04,300 --> 00:51:09,666 are all really elegant and charming. 720 00:51:09,666 --> 00:51:15,633 In other words, those ideas about the future, 721 00:51:15,633 --> 00:51:18,166 how it can be better, 722 00:51:18,166 --> 00:51:21,666 and how it can involve technology 723 00:51:21,666 --> 00:51:24,166 in a livelier, more human way, 724 00:51:24,166 --> 00:51:27,100 and that's all, I would say, very profound." 725 00:51:27,100 --> 00:51:33,633 ♪♪ 726 00:51:33,633 --> 00:51:36,866 [ Typewriter keys clacking ] 727 00:51:40,033 --> 00:51:43,100 -"Dear J.C., your remark on TV work 728 00:51:43,100 --> 00:51:44,766 is one of the greatest encouragement 729 00:51:44,766 --> 00:51:46,900 I have ever received. 730 00:51:46,900 --> 00:51:49,133 I've been thinking for the past 48 hours 731 00:51:49,133 --> 00:51:51,233 how to survive next 6 months. 732 00:51:51,233 --> 00:51:53,900 Anyway I'm determined to stay at least 6 more months 733 00:51:53,900 --> 00:51:56,366 to give one more push to my electronic art. 734 00:51:56,366 --> 00:51:58,833 I am fighting a war of persistence." 735 00:51:58,833 --> 00:52:03,300 ♪♪ 736 00:52:03,300 --> 00:52:04,833 "Dear New York City Arts Council..." 737 00:52:04,833 --> 00:52:05,966 "Dear Sony..." 738 00:52:05,966 --> 00:52:07,033 "Dear Bell Labs..." 739 00:52:07,033 --> 00:52:09,466 "Dear Rockefeller Foundation..." 740 00:52:09,466 --> 00:52:12,700 -[ Speaking English ] 741 00:52:15,266 --> 00:52:17,900 -[ Speaking English ] 742 00:52:17,900 --> 00:52:21,166 [ Speaking German ] 743 00:52:21,166 --> 00:52:22,266 Amen. 744 00:52:22,266 --> 00:52:26,200 [ Speaking German ] 745 00:52:26,200 --> 00:52:28,566 [ Speaking English ] 746 00:52:28,566 --> 00:52:32,366 [ Speaking German ] 747 00:52:32,366 --> 00:52:35,466 -[ Speaking English ] 748 00:52:44,300 --> 00:52:46,966 -Howard Klein directs the program in the arts 749 00:52:46,966 --> 00:52:48,566 for the Rockefeller Foundation. 750 00:52:48,566 --> 00:52:50,733 -When I was a music critic for The New York Times, 751 00:52:50,733 --> 00:52:53,633 I reviewed some of Nam June's concerts, 752 00:52:53,633 --> 00:52:55,733 and I -- Nam June at one point told me 753 00:52:55,733 --> 00:52:58,500 that I had written the worst reviews that he'd ever gotten. 754 00:52:58,500 --> 00:52:59,733 [ Film rewinding ] 755 00:52:59,733 --> 00:53:01,700 -So, it was a good review. You should read it. 756 00:53:01,700 --> 00:53:03,666 It says we're talentless, 757 00:53:03,666 --> 00:53:05,400 about the worst thing 758 00:53:05,400 --> 00:53:07,633 he had ever seen up to that point. 759 00:53:07,633 --> 00:53:11,900 -I was not interested in that kind of revolutionary art. 760 00:53:11,900 --> 00:53:13,200 It didn't reach me. 761 00:53:13,200 --> 00:53:15,400 I didn't find it interesting or important. 762 00:53:15,400 --> 00:53:18,333 However, when I saw what he was doing with television, 763 00:53:18,333 --> 00:53:22,200 I felt that it could have tremendous benefits 764 00:53:22,200 --> 00:53:23,533 to a large number of people. 765 00:53:23,533 --> 00:53:26,066 [ "Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring" plays ] 766 00:53:26,066 --> 00:53:30,100 -Howard Klein became Nam June's fairy godfather. 767 00:53:30,100 --> 00:53:32,433 -"Dear Howard Klein. I enjoyed very much talking. 768 00:53:32,433 --> 00:53:33,600 It was a nice feeling 769 00:53:33,600 --> 00:53:35,166 to have found one more friend in this..." 770 00:53:35,166 --> 00:53:37,466 "I would like to express my sincere and utmost gratitude 771 00:53:37,466 --> 00:53:38,733 for your effort. 772 00:53:38,733 --> 00:53:40,133 My essay on computer and visual..." 773 00:53:40,133 --> 00:53:42,300 "I applied the grant for my electronic-eye energy. 774 00:53:42,300 --> 00:53:44,033 It's flowing in this direction." 775 00:53:44,033 --> 00:53:47,466 -Nam June wanted the ability to work with the latest technology. 776 00:53:47,466 --> 00:53:50,066 -The only people who had color equipment 777 00:53:50,066 --> 00:53:53,633 existing for anybody to touch were television stations. 778 00:53:53,633 --> 00:53:55,033 -He went to Howard Klein 779 00:53:55,033 --> 00:53:58,533 and was able to get funding to go to WGBH. 780 00:53:58,533 --> 00:54:00,700 -"I went up to WGBH Boston. 781 00:54:00,700 --> 00:54:02,700 I had only three hours of studio time, 782 00:54:02,700 --> 00:54:04,333 but the result was such that it dwarfed 783 00:54:04,333 --> 00:54:06,200 everything I did in the past." 784 00:54:06,200 --> 00:54:09,400 [ Indistinct conversations ] 785 00:54:14,833 --> 00:54:16,833 -I can remember the first time 786 00:54:16,833 --> 00:54:19,900 [Chuckles] I walked in the television studio, 787 00:54:19,900 --> 00:54:22,133 and there was Nam June Paik, 788 00:54:22,133 --> 00:54:24,033 who had these rubber boots on, 789 00:54:24,033 --> 00:54:27,700 and he had his head and hands inside one of the TV sets. 790 00:54:27,700 --> 00:54:29,433 And he looked up to me and he says, "Stand back. 791 00:54:29,433 --> 00:54:30,733 Sometimes they explode." 792 00:54:30,733 --> 00:54:32,466 -Okay, here we go. Stand by for recording. 793 00:54:32,466 --> 00:54:35,833 -Stand by to record. 794 00:54:35,833 --> 00:54:39,200 And we're on. -Okay. 795 00:54:39,200 --> 00:54:41,933 -[ Speaking English ] 796 00:54:41,933 --> 00:54:44,000 -[ Speaking English ] 797 00:54:44,000 --> 00:54:46,000 -[ Speaking English ] 798 00:54:46,000 --> 00:54:48,100 -[ Speaking English ] -[ Speaking English ] 799 00:54:48,100 --> 00:54:49,366 We are recording. Anytime. 800 00:54:49,366 --> 00:54:51,733 -The WGBH engineers hated it. 801 00:54:51,733 --> 00:54:54,700 I mean, their existence was to make 802 00:54:54,700 --> 00:54:56,466 beautiful, perfect color pictures 803 00:54:56,466 --> 00:55:00,300 with, you know, color cameras and whatever. 804 00:55:00,300 --> 00:55:02,566 And here was all this imagery 805 00:55:02,566 --> 00:55:04,633 that was just, like one engineer said, 806 00:55:04,633 --> 00:55:07,433 "I've devoted my life to solving problems like this," 807 00:55:07,433 --> 00:55:10,600 [Chuckles] when he looked at the imagery. 808 00:55:10,600 --> 00:55:20,066 ♪♪ 809 00:55:20,066 --> 00:55:22,433 -♪ As the earth revolves ♪ 810 00:55:22,433 --> 00:55:24,866 ♪ Slipping through the passing days ♪ 811 00:55:24,866 --> 00:55:27,433 ♪ Then I want to go astray ♪ 812 00:55:27,433 --> 00:55:31,600 -It was so advanced for its time. 813 00:55:31,600 --> 00:55:35,000 Nobody had ever seen imagery like that. 814 00:55:35,000 --> 00:55:37,500 ♪♪ 815 00:55:37,500 --> 00:55:38,900 -My friends... 816 00:55:38,900 --> 00:55:41,200 I've always been proud to be a New Yorker, 817 00:55:41,200 --> 00:55:43,766 But never as proud to be a New Yorker 818 00:55:43,766 --> 00:55:45,000 as I am tonight. 819 00:55:45,000 --> 00:55:50,366 But this is not a cry out of victory. 820 00:55:50,366 --> 00:55:52,866 [ Electronic music plays ] 821 00:55:52,866 --> 00:55:55,500 ♪♪ 822 00:55:55,500 --> 00:56:00,300 -After I told Nam June that that session in the studio 823 00:56:00,300 --> 00:56:02,666 had cost $5,000 because of the way, 824 00:56:02,666 --> 00:56:05,400 you know, TV works -- you charge for everything -- 825 00:56:05,400 --> 00:56:08,733 he -- he was dumbfounded. 826 00:56:08,733 --> 00:56:12,266 He had $15,000 left, and he said, 827 00:56:12,266 --> 00:56:14,266 "My God, that's only two days in the studio, 828 00:56:14,266 --> 00:56:15,900 and this is not working." 829 00:56:15,900 --> 00:56:19,666 He says, "I have to make TV as cheap as Xerox. 830 00:56:19,666 --> 00:56:21,300 I've got to make it really cheap." 831 00:56:21,300 --> 00:56:23,366 So his mind started to go to work, 832 00:56:23,366 --> 00:56:27,300 and that's how he came up with all of his discussions with Abe 833 00:56:27,300 --> 00:56:30,300 and somehow building a device 834 00:56:30,300 --> 00:56:33,400 that would allow him to do it without any of the studio costs. 835 00:56:33,400 --> 00:56:36,400 -"'Versatile Color TV Synthesizer.' 836 00:56:36,400 --> 00:56:38,933 This will enable us to shape the TV screen canvas 837 00:56:38,933 --> 00:56:42,866 as precisely as Leonardo, as freely as Picasso, 838 00:56:42,866 --> 00:56:46,100 as colorfully as Renoir, as profoundly as..." 839 00:56:46,100 --> 00:56:48,066 -He came to us and said, 840 00:56:48,066 --> 00:56:50,433 "If you give me this amount of money, 841 00:56:50,433 --> 00:56:52,166 I'm going to go to Japan 842 00:56:52,166 --> 00:56:54,133 and I'm going to build a synthesizer, 843 00:56:54,133 --> 00:56:57,400 and then I'm going to bring it back." 844 00:56:57,400 --> 00:57:02,400 And somehow we bought into that idea. 845 00:57:02,400 --> 00:57:05,600 -[ Speaking English ] 846 00:57:29,700 --> 00:57:32,266 ♪♪ 847 00:57:36,966 --> 00:57:40,033 ♪♪ 848 00:57:55,633 --> 00:57:59,233 -Basically, what Paik did was alchemy. 849 00:57:59,233 --> 00:58:01,233 He moved the screen 850 00:58:01,233 --> 00:58:04,800 from being something that's plastic or concrete, 851 00:58:04,800 --> 00:58:09,400 and he liquefied it so that it was all malleable. 852 00:58:09,400 --> 00:58:13,966 ♪♪ 853 00:58:13,966 --> 00:58:17,533 -I mean, here is creating his own brushes, his own tools. 854 00:58:17,533 --> 00:58:20,900 -[ Speaking German ] 855 00:58:23,266 --> 00:58:25,866 ♪♪ 856 00:58:25,866 --> 00:58:28,933 [ Speaking English ] 857 00:58:35,366 --> 00:58:39,466 ♪♪ 858 00:58:39,466 --> 00:58:42,800 -You began to do recordings, and recordings with other artists 859 00:58:42,800 --> 00:58:45,266 who heard about it and wanted to come in 860 00:58:45,266 --> 00:58:47,933 and wanted to make imagery with it. 861 00:58:47,933 --> 00:58:50,033 ♪♪ 862 00:58:50,033 --> 00:58:52,000 -Nam June was my mentor. 863 00:58:52,000 --> 00:58:54,266 Helped me get the tools I needed 864 00:58:54,266 --> 00:58:56,533 to make what I wanted to make. 865 00:58:56,533 --> 00:59:00,900 And he got people to help me use the synthesizer. 866 00:59:00,900 --> 00:59:03,066 -[ Speaking English ] 867 00:59:07,633 --> 00:59:10,200 -I was a student of Nam June Paik's. 868 00:59:10,200 --> 00:59:13,433 He was a great teacher and mentor. 869 00:59:13,433 --> 00:59:15,666 Really kind and supportive. 870 00:59:15,666 --> 00:59:19,300 -I left my job, left the foreign service. 871 00:59:19,300 --> 00:59:20,800 I took leave without pay, 872 00:59:20,800 --> 00:59:23,533 with a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 873 00:59:23,533 --> 00:59:28,200 that I was given, thanks to Nam June Paik. 874 00:59:28,200 --> 00:59:30,233 ♪♪ 875 00:59:30,233 --> 00:59:32,200 -I think his biggest contribution 876 00:59:32,200 --> 00:59:36,300 was opening the door to every artist 877 00:59:36,300 --> 00:59:40,333 who wants to make a mark or make a gesture. 878 00:59:40,333 --> 00:59:43,666 Artists could overturn the system, 879 00:59:43,666 --> 00:59:45,766 inside the system. 880 00:59:45,766 --> 00:59:49,100 The revolution keeps going on. 881 00:59:49,100 --> 00:59:54,933 ♪♪ 882 00:59:54,933 --> 00:59:58,333 -"TV has contributed to much of the stupidity of our decade." 883 00:59:58,333 --> 01:00:01,833 -Why are women so happy about new Tickle antiperspirant? 884 01:00:01,833 --> 01:00:06,366 ♪♪ 885 01:00:06,366 --> 01:00:09,066 -I'm gonna do this magic trick without any mirrors, 886 01:00:09,066 --> 01:00:12,266 without any mechanical devices, and without any underwear. 887 01:00:12,266 --> 01:00:15,900 -[ Speaking Japanese ] 888 01:00:15,900 --> 01:00:19,066 -"The average American is spending 6.5 hours daily 889 01:00:19,066 --> 01:00:20,966 in front of this small box." 890 01:00:20,966 --> 01:00:23,933 -♪ If Nescafé can please the whole wide world ♪ 891 01:00:23,933 --> 01:00:26,000 -The bloody experience of Vietnam 892 01:00:26,000 --> 01:00:28,000 is to end in a stalemate. 893 01:00:28,000 --> 01:00:31,866 -Me love you long time. Me so horny. 894 01:00:31,866 --> 01:00:33,600 [ Dramatic music plays ] 895 01:00:33,600 --> 01:00:36,800 -"Most Asian faces we encounter on the American TV screen 896 01:00:36,800 --> 01:00:38,866 are either miserable refugees, 897 01:00:38,866 --> 01:00:40,900 wretched prisoners, 898 01:00:40,900 --> 01:00:43,166 or hated dictators." 899 01:00:43,166 --> 01:00:45,733 -In the first sequence, we take you behind enemy lines 900 01:00:45,733 --> 01:00:48,833 for a series of reports of the V.C. in combat. 901 01:00:48,833 --> 01:00:50,066 Now, these scenes of... 902 01:00:50,066 --> 01:00:52,733 -"A professor in Kyoto University wrote, 903 01:00:52,733 --> 01:00:55,300 'If West knows about East only one tenth 904 01:00:55,300 --> 01:00:58,866 of what East knows about West, there will be no war.'" 905 01:00:58,866 --> 01:01:02,200 -[ Speaking Japanese ] 906 01:01:02,200 --> 01:01:11,366 ♪♪ 907 01:01:11,366 --> 01:01:14,033 "Artists must own television program." 908 01:01:14,033 --> 01:01:16,500 -[ Speaking English ] 909 01:01:18,433 --> 01:01:21,100 -"They do something that mainline culture doesn't do." 910 01:01:21,100 --> 01:01:23,100 -Alright, quiet on the set. 911 01:01:23,100 --> 01:01:25,866 -Press release for immediate release. 912 01:01:25,866 --> 01:01:30,166 "Global Groove," Video Artist Nam June Paik's Latest 913 01:01:30,166 --> 01:01:34,866 "Invasion" of the Medium, airs on WNET/13, 914 01:01:34,866 --> 01:01:38,533 Wednesday, January 30th, at 10:30 P.M. 915 01:01:38,533 --> 01:01:40,900 Jam your TV stations. 916 01:01:40,900 --> 01:01:43,633 Now artists are striking back TV." 917 01:01:43,633 --> 01:01:45,633 [ Theme music plays ] 918 01:01:45,633 --> 01:01:50,400 ♪♪ 919 01:01:50,400 --> 01:01:55,066 -This is a glimpse of a video landscape of tomorrow, 920 01:01:55,066 --> 01:01:59,666 when you will be able to switch to any TV station on the earth, 921 01:01:59,666 --> 01:02:05,000 and 'TV Guides' will be as fat as the Manhattan telephone book. 922 01:02:05,000 --> 01:02:08,033 [ Up-tempo rock 'n' roll plays ] 923 01:02:08,033 --> 01:02:18,733 ♪♪ 924 01:02:18,733 --> 01:02:20,800 -"Global Groove" is a kind of manifesto. 925 01:02:20,800 --> 01:02:23,333 It's an artwork as a statement. 926 01:02:23,333 --> 01:02:26,500 [ Asian music plays ] 927 01:02:26,500 --> 01:02:29,333 ♪♪ 928 01:02:29,333 --> 01:02:30,933 When he would say, "In the future, 929 01:02:30,933 --> 01:02:34,100 'TV Guide' will be as thick as the Manhattan telephone book," 930 01:02:34,100 --> 01:02:36,400 the future that he was predicting 931 01:02:36,400 --> 01:02:39,033 was that every artist would be his own channel. 932 01:02:39,033 --> 01:02:41,066 [ Soft music plays ] 933 01:02:41,066 --> 01:02:43,933 ♪♪ 934 01:02:43,933 --> 01:02:46,133 [ Dissonant music plays ] 935 01:02:46,133 --> 01:02:49,600 He wanted people not represented on broadcast television 936 01:02:49,600 --> 01:02:53,700 to be experienced or heard and have a voice. 937 01:02:53,700 --> 01:02:56,700 [ Native American music plays ] 938 01:02:56,700 --> 01:02:58,466 ♪♪ 939 01:02:58,466 --> 01:03:02,266 -What he was always interested is to bring cultures together. 940 01:03:02,266 --> 01:03:05,566 The purpose was communication. 941 01:03:05,566 --> 01:03:10,366 When we know each other, there is sympathy, 942 01:03:10,366 --> 01:03:12,166 and we say, "Okay, fine, 943 01:03:12,166 --> 01:03:14,033 you do it that way, I do it this way." 944 01:03:14,033 --> 01:03:18,133 So that's understanding. That was the center of it. 945 01:03:18,133 --> 01:03:20,866 [ Children singing in native language ] 946 01:03:20,866 --> 01:03:24,666 ♪♪ 947 01:03:24,666 --> 01:03:28,033 -We know the world through the colonial guise. 948 01:03:28,033 --> 01:03:30,600 How would it be if we were capable 949 01:03:30,600 --> 01:03:34,933 of actually seeing the world from another point of view? 950 01:03:34,933 --> 01:03:37,266 -Open your eyes. 951 01:03:37,266 --> 01:03:40,300 [ Soft classical music plays ] 952 01:03:40,300 --> 01:03:44,933 ♪♪ 953 01:03:44,933 --> 01:03:47,833 -Something that was based so much on television 954 01:03:47,833 --> 01:03:50,266 may seem like a work from the past, 955 01:03:50,266 --> 01:03:53,333 but, actually, it's a model for the future. 956 01:03:53,333 --> 01:03:56,500 -♪ Be ready to move on ♪ 957 01:03:56,500 --> 01:03:59,233 -Because I do have a master's degree in cello. 958 01:03:59,233 --> 01:04:00,933 I went to Juilliard. 959 01:04:00,933 --> 01:04:03,266 -"Global Groove" was essentially YouTube. 960 01:04:03,266 --> 01:04:04,766 -But I met Nam June Paik. 961 01:04:04,766 --> 01:04:07,166 -Anybody who knows me knows this story. 962 01:04:07,166 --> 01:04:08,900 I am constantly telling it. 963 01:04:08,900 --> 01:04:10,833 -Anybody can put material out there. 964 01:04:10,833 --> 01:04:13,533 [ Bells jingling ] 965 01:04:13,533 --> 01:04:15,466 You can find an audience. 966 01:04:15,466 --> 01:04:19,266 [ Up-tempo music plays ] 967 01:04:19,266 --> 01:04:21,900 -Close your eyes. 968 01:04:21,900 --> 01:04:24,533 ♪♪ 969 01:04:24,533 --> 01:04:26,966 -From the content to the fast sequencing 970 01:04:26,966 --> 01:04:30,233 to the synthesized images, looking back, 971 01:04:30,233 --> 01:04:33,833 there's no question of Nam June's influence 972 01:04:33,833 --> 01:04:36,733 on popular culture. -...to manage people. 973 01:04:36,733 --> 01:04:39,233 -It's pretty obvious. 974 01:04:39,233 --> 01:04:43,833 -♪ 7Up, 7Up ♪ 975 01:04:43,833 --> 01:04:48,133 -♪ When doves fly ♪ 976 01:04:48,133 --> 01:04:49,600 -♪ When doves fly ♪ 977 01:04:49,600 --> 01:04:51,866 -♪ When doves cry ♪ 978 01:04:51,866 --> 01:04:53,700 -♪ Letting the days go by ♪ 979 01:04:53,700 --> 01:04:55,900 -♪ Let the water hold me down ♪ 980 01:04:55,900 --> 01:04:57,700 -♪ Letting the days go by ♪ 981 01:04:57,700 --> 01:04:58,800 -♪ Water... ♪ 982 01:04:58,800 --> 01:05:00,266 -♪ Pump it up a little more ♪ 983 01:05:00,266 --> 01:05:02,266 ♪ Get the party goin' on the dance floor ♪ 984 01:05:02,266 --> 01:05:04,066 ♪ See, 'cause that's where the party's at ♪ 985 01:05:04,066 --> 01:05:05,900 ♪ And you'd find out if you do that ♪ 986 01:05:05,900 --> 01:05:08,100 ♪ I don't want... ♪ 987 01:05:08,100 --> 01:05:09,666 -♪ Doo doo ♪ 988 01:05:09,666 --> 01:05:12,133 [ Breathing heavily ] 989 01:05:14,133 --> 01:05:15,366 -Thank you. 990 01:05:15,366 --> 01:05:16,833 -I don't believe I did that whole thing. 991 01:05:16,833 --> 01:05:19,166 -It's not the cleanest of floors. 992 01:05:19,166 --> 01:05:21,200 [ Chuckles ] -More? 993 01:05:21,200 --> 01:05:24,266 [ Up-tempo African music plays ] 994 01:05:24,266 --> 01:05:32,233 ♪♪ 995 01:05:32,233 --> 01:05:34,633 -"Global Groove" made me want to dance 996 01:05:34,633 --> 01:05:37,666 or kind of move to the images. 997 01:05:37,666 --> 01:05:40,300 It gave me a lot to think about. 998 01:05:40,300 --> 01:05:41,833 It was, you know, 999 01:05:41,833 --> 01:05:43,400 turning things upside-down 1000 01:05:43,400 --> 01:05:45,333 on television. 1001 01:05:45,333 --> 01:05:47,833 ♪♪ 1002 01:05:47,833 --> 01:05:51,133 But curators and writers 1003 01:05:51,133 --> 01:05:53,033 and the general public 1004 01:05:53,033 --> 01:05:55,266 just thought it was weird, 1005 01:05:55,266 --> 01:05:57,933 didn't understand it. 1006 01:05:57,933 --> 01:06:14,600 ♪♪ 1007 01:06:14,600 --> 01:06:18,433 -[ Speaking English ] 1008 01:06:20,666 --> 01:06:23,833 [ Indistinct conversations in distance ] 1009 01:06:23,833 --> 01:06:29,033 ♪♪ 1010 01:06:29,033 --> 01:06:31,800 [ Speaking English ] 1011 01:06:31,800 --> 01:06:33,966 [ Laughs ] 1012 01:06:33,966 --> 01:06:36,133 So... 1013 01:06:36,133 --> 01:06:38,300 Yeah. 1014 01:06:38,300 --> 01:06:39,466 Anyway... 1015 01:06:39,466 --> 01:06:42,133 -What are you up to these days? 1016 01:06:42,133 --> 01:06:45,233 -[ Speaking English ] 1017 01:06:46,966 --> 01:06:49,400 -Oh, you're going to Las Vegas, huh? 1018 01:06:49,400 --> 01:06:51,833 -Retired when I become 50. -That's what I -- 1019 01:06:51,833 --> 01:06:53,766 That's what I would like to do. -Yeah, you... 1020 01:06:53,766 --> 01:06:56,666 -And I want to go to someplace like Bolivia, though. 1021 01:06:56,666 --> 01:06:59,233 -[ Speaking English ] 1022 01:06:59,233 --> 01:07:01,900 -Bolivia or Ecuador. 1023 01:07:01,900 --> 01:07:04,033 -[ Speaking English ] 1024 01:07:04,033 --> 01:07:07,200 -[ Speaking English ] 1025 01:07:12,033 --> 01:07:14,133 -[ Speaking English ] 1026 01:07:17,133 --> 01:07:19,733 -Oh, I should say so. -Yeah. 1027 01:07:19,733 --> 01:07:22,633 -You get the idea so quickly. -Yeah. So, yeah. 1028 01:07:22,633 --> 01:07:24,500 -And then you have to spend a long time making it. 1029 01:07:24,500 --> 01:07:26,700 It's the opposite of cooking. -Yeah. 1030 01:07:26,700 --> 01:07:29,000 -Because cooking takes a long time, 1031 01:07:29,000 --> 01:07:30,433 and then you eat it very quickly. 1032 01:07:30,433 --> 01:07:31,966 -Yeah. -[ Chuckles ] 1033 01:07:31,966 --> 01:07:34,200 -[ Speaking English ] 1034 01:07:34,200 --> 01:07:36,100 Yeah, yeah. -[ Laughs ] 1035 01:07:36,100 --> 01:07:38,233 -[ Speaking English ] 1036 01:07:38,233 --> 01:07:41,700 ♪♪ 1037 01:07:41,700 --> 01:07:44,000 -A bunch of artists lived all together 1038 01:07:44,000 --> 01:07:46,366 in these artist co-ops. 1039 01:07:46,366 --> 01:07:52,200 Nam June and Shigeko lived together at that point, 1040 01:07:52,200 --> 01:07:56,000 and we lived next door and were on the same floor. 1041 01:07:56,000 --> 01:07:58,666 We had the top floor on Mercer Street. 1042 01:07:58,666 --> 01:08:03,000 The building, uh -- it was not in good repair. 1043 01:08:03,000 --> 01:08:07,366 Certainly not in the rain. 1044 01:08:07,366 --> 01:08:08,933 [ Thunder crashes ] 1045 01:08:08,933 --> 01:08:12,533 -[ Speaking English ] 1046 01:08:12,533 --> 01:08:16,266 [ Thunder rumbling ] 1047 01:08:16,266 --> 01:08:18,733 [ Speaking English ] 1048 01:08:26,300 --> 01:08:28,666 [ Thunder rumbling ] 1049 01:08:28,666 --> 01:08:30,333 [ Speaking English ] 1050 01:08:30,333 --> 01:08:35,466 ♪♪ 1051 01:08:35,466 --> 01:08:38,900 [ Speaking English ] 1052 01:09:02,600 --> 01:09:05,666 -[ Speaking English ] 1053 01:09:09,666 --> 01:09:10,900 ♪♪ 1054 01:09:10,900 --> 01:09:13,633 -Video art -- it's hard. 1055 01:09:13,633 --> 01:09:16,066 ♪♪ 1056 01:09:16,066 --> 01:09:19,700 It's very difficult, because so many people 1057 01:09:19,700 --> 01:09:23,133 feel that video has no place in the art world. 1058 01:09:23,133 --> 01:09:25,400 I fought, in my lifetime, 1059 01:09:25,400 --> 01:09:27,866 for paintings that were avant-garde 1060 01:09:27,866 --> 01:09:31,066 and cutting-edge and installation work 1061 01:09:31,066 --> 01:09:32,966 and all kinds of things. 1062 01:09:32,966 --> 01:09:36,700 But video art has been the hardest to sell. 1063 01:09:36,700 --> 01:09:39,866 ♪♪ 1064 01:09:39,866 --> 01:09:41,600 -I know this about Nam June 1065 01:09:41,600 --> 01:09:44,233 and probably for every media artist, 1066 01:09:44,233 --> 01:09:47,700 your next project takes up all the money 1067 01:09:47,700 --> 01:09:50,233 you've saved in your whole life up to that point, 1068 01:09:50,233 --> 01:09:52,600 and it's a repetition of that. 1069 01:09:52,600 --> 01:09:56,033 So you're perpetually poor. 1070 01:09:56,033 --> 01:09:58,133 ♪♪ 1071 01:09:58,133 --> 01:09:59,866 -His health suffered 1072 01:09:59,866 --> 01:10:02,200 because of his being poor for that long 1073 01:10:02,200 --> 01:10:04,833 and having no medical help. 1074 01:10:04,833 --> 01:10:07,900 -[ Speaking English ] 1075 01:10:11,133 --> 01:10:15,533 ♪♪ 1076 01:10:15,533 --> 01:10:18,600 -[ Speaking Japanese ] 1077 01:10:18,600 --> 01:10:27,000 ♪♪ 1078 01:10:27,000 --> 01:10:29,166 -[ Speaking Japanese ] 1079 01:10:29,166 --> 01:10:31,566 ♪♪ 1080 01:10:31,566 --> 01:10:33,933 -Earl and I were their wedding witnesses. 1081 01:10:33,933 --> 01:10:35,733 It was a secret wedding. 1082 01:10:35,733 --> 01:10:39,333 We really were asked not to tell anybody about it, 1083 01:10:39,333 --> 01:10:41,766 and we didn't really ask 1084 01:10:41,766 --> 01:10:44,600 why they had suddenly decided to get married. 1085 01:10:44,600 --> 01:10:46,433 And I think it was 1086 01:10:46,433 --> 01:10:49,800 for health insurance, and so on, reasons. 1087 01:10:49,800 --> 01:10:52,666 -Both video artists, 1088 01:10:52,666 --> 01:10:55,300 it was a challenge for both of them financially. 1089 01:10:55,300 --> 01:11:00,000 ♪♪ 1090 01:11:00,000 --> 01:11:03,366 -They had a lively relationship, certainly. 1091 01:11:03,366 --> 01:11:06,100 It was difficult for us not to hear, 1092 01:11:06,100 --> 01:11:11,166 you know, certain -- certain exuberant -- 1093 01:11:11,166 --> 01:11:16,566 you know, certain arguments and that sort of thing. 1094 01:11:16,566 --> 01:11:19,266 ♪♪ 1095 01:11:19,266 --> 01:11:22,566 -[ Speaking English ] 1096 01:11:42,700 --> 01:11:45,866 ♪♪ 1097 01:11:45,866 --> 01:11:48,100 [ Speaking English ] 1098 01:11:53,700 --> 01:11:56,933 [ Up-tempo, majestic music plays ] 1099 01:11:56,933 --> 01:12:00,333 ♪♪ 1100 01:12:00,333 --> 01:12:03,866 -[ Speaking English ] 1101 01:12:05,633 --> 01:12:08,833 -[ Speaking English ] 1102 01:12:08,833 --> 01:12:10,333 -[ Speaking English ] 1103 01:12:10,333 --> 01:12:13,066 -[ Speaking Korean ] 1104 01:12:15,966 --> 01:12:18,066 ♪♪ 1105 01:12:18,066 --> 01:12:21,366 -[ Speaking English ] 1106 01:12:29,133 --> 01:12:31,066 -When I saw that sculpture, 1107 01:12:31,066 --> 01:12:37,600 it was truly a monumental experience. 1108 01:12:37,600 --> 01:12:40,700 -[ Speaking Korean ] 1109 01:12:44,166 --> 01:12:48,133 -Look where we are now with selfies, 1110 01:12:48,133 --> 01:12:51,766 constantly seeing our own "images." 1111 01:12:51,766 --> 01:12:55,033 -It's zero against infinity, 1112 01:12:55,033 --> 01:12:56,833 silence against multitude. 1113 01:12:56,833 --> 01:13:00,066 [ Gong rings ] 1114 01:13:03,000 --> 01:13:05,966 -[ Speaking English ] 1115 01:13:10,666 --> 01:13:12,866 Buddha, Buddha, Buddha. You know? 1116 01:13:12,866 --> 01:13:21,000 ♪♪ 1117 01:13:21,000 --> 01:13:24,766 -"TV Buddha" -- that's just in one story. 1118 01:13:24,766 --> 01:13:30,200 ♪♪ 1119 01:13:30,200 --> 01:13:34,800 Around that time, he created a lot of iconic pieces. 1120 01:13:34,800 --> 01:13:37,600 ♪♪ 1121 01:13:37,600 --> 01:13:39,866 That rocket was just -- just climbing. 1122 01:13:39,866 --> 01:13:41,966 ♪♪ 1123 01:13:41,966 --> 01:13:44,300 [ Film rewinding ] 1124 01:13:44,300 --> 01:13:45,766 -I'm Frank McGee, here with Barbara Walters 1125 01:13:45,766 --> 01:13:47,833 this morning, and in this half-hour, 1126 01:13:47,833 --> 01:13:51,066 we're going to take a look at some futuristic television. 1127 01:13:51,066 --> 01:13:53,266 It's the work of a Korean artist. 1128 01:13:53,266 --> 01:13:56,000 -The Kandinsky, the Picasso of video art, 1129 01:13:56,000 --> 01:13:58,266 which has suddenly become respectable. 1130 01:13:58,266 --> 01:13:59,766 -He is Nam June Paik. 1131 01:13:59,766 --> 01:14:01,466 -[ Speaking native language ] 1132 01:14:01,466 --> 01:14:03,266 ♪♪ 1133 01:14:03,266 --> 01:14:05,966 -I should say again, it is experimental television, 1134 01:14:05,966 --> 01:14:07,500 and therefore, it may be 1135 01:14:07,500 --> 01:14:09,833 unlike anything that you've seen before. 1136 01:14:09,833 --> 01:14:12,166 -[ Speaking English ] 1137 01:14:15,300 --> 01:14:16,600 -Father of video art. 1138 01:14:16,600 --> 01:14:18,666 -The George Washington of video art. 1139 01:14:18,666 --> 01:14:21,800 -[ Speaking native language ] 1140 01:14:21,800 --> 01:14:23,766 -The Whitney Museum of American Art organized 1141 01:14:23,766 --> 01:14:26,866 the first-ever retrospective devoted to a video artist. 1142 01:14:26,866 --> 01:14:29,033 -The first-ever museum retrospective 1143 01:14:29,033 --> 01:14:30,333 for a video artist. 1144 01:14:30,333 --> 01:14:33,466 -The first major retrospective to honor a video artist. 1145 01:14:33,466 --> 01:14:36,033 [ Indistinct conversations ] 1146 01:14:36,033 --> 01:14:43,300 ♪♪ 1147 01:14:43,300 --> 01:14:45,900 -[ Speaking English ] 1148 01:14:45,900 --> 01:14:48,933 -[ Speaking English ] 1149 01:14:50,266 --> 01:14:52,333 [ Camera shutters clicking ] 1150 01:14:52,333 --> 01:14:54,066 ♪♪ 1151 01:14:54,066 --> 01:14:55,866 -Are you here and -- 1152 01:14:55,866 --> 01:14:57,133 -[ Speaking English ] 1153 01:14:57,133 --> 01:14:58,633 -I know, the way you sound like... 1154 01:14:58,633 --> 01:15:00,866 -[ Speaking English ] 1155 01:15:00,866 --> 01:15:03,300 -[ Speaking English ] 1156 01:15:03,300 --> 01:15:05,466 -[ Speaking English ] 1157 01:15:05,466 --> 01:15:07,966 [ Indistinct conversations ] 1158 01:15:07,966 --> 01:15:10,100 -[ Chuckles ] 1159 01:15:10,100 --> 01:15:12,966 -Whatever. 1160 01:15:12,966 --> 01:15:17,666 -Nam June -- he had a different sense of purpose, 1161 01:15:17,666 --> 01:15:23,466 different idea of what an artist's job might be. 1162 01:15:23,466 --> 01:15:27,933 ♪♪ 1163 01:15:27,933 --> 01:15:30,200 [ Electricity crackles ] 1164 01:15:30,200 --> 01:15:37,166 ♪♪ 1165 01:15:37,166 --> 01:15:41,500 This is a man who understood deeply about what was coming. 1166 01:15:41,500 --> 01:15:44,100 -What should I do? 1167 01:15:44,100 --> 01:15:46,700 -Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn. 1168 01:15:46,700 --> 01:15:48,333 -No badge, or no white skin, 1169 01:15:48,333 --> 01:15:50,766 or no white sheet, or... 1170 01:15:50,766 --> 01:15:52,433 -...can stop this movement. 1171 01:15:52,433 --> 01:15:54,433 And the only way to deal with it 1172 01:15:54,433 --> 01:15:57,700 is to give these people what we owe them 1173 01:15:57,700 --> 01:15:59,466 and what's their God-given right... 1174 01:15:59,466 --> 01:16:02,066 -[ Speaking English ] 1175 01:16:06,300 --> 01:16:08,966 -Like a superhighway, it is called Internet. 1176 01:16:08,966 --> 01:16:10,833 -...the Information Superhighway. 1177 01:16:10,833 --> 01:16:12,666 -The idea of the electronic highway 1178 01:16:12,666 --> 01:16:15,066 was not Al Gore's idea, it was Nam June's. 1179 01:16:15,066 --> 01:16:17,466 ♪♪ 1180 01:16:17,466 --> 01:16:21,433 -There is no place -- There's no place like home. 1181 01:16:21,433 --> 01:16:27,033 -Under the Constitution, you can end the war. 1182 01:16:27,033 --> 01:16:28,833 Not another... 1183 01:16:28,833 --> 01:16:40,566 ♪♪ 1184 01:16:40,566 --> 01:16:42,600 -You know, I remember, one night 1185 01:16:42,600 --> 01:16:46,433 being awakened by a phone call from Nam June. 1186 01:16:46,433 --> 01:16:49,866 Clearly, it was Nam June, because he was the only one 1187 01:16:49,866 --> 01:16:51,500 who would call at 3:00 in the morning. 1188 01:16:51,500 --> 01:16:54,766 If you were lucky enough to be in his circle, 1189 01:16:54,766 --> 01:16:57,533 that would happen from time to time. 1190 01:16:57,533 --> 01:16:59,700 And so I picked up the phone. 1191 01:16:59,700 --> 01:17:02,000 And sure enough... [ Telephone rings ] 1192 01:17:02,000 --> 01:17:04,433 Oh, there it is. That's spooky. 1193 01:17:04,433 --> 01:17:07,100 If that's Nam June, we're in big trouble. 1194 01:17:07,100 --> 01:17:09,300 [ Telephone rings ] 1195 01:17:09,300 --> 01:17:12,200 -Does your landline ring often? 1196 01:17:12,200 --> 01:17:13,800 -No. 1197 01:17:13,800 --> 01:17:17,200 [ Sighs ] It's funny. 1198 01:17:17,200 --> 01:17:20,633 Anyway, I remember this one night, 1199 01:17:20,633 --> 01:17:23,900 he said, "I'm wrong. 1200 01:17:23,900 --> 01:17:28,033 It's not information highway. 1201 01:17:28,033 --> 01:17:30,033 It's wrong. 1202 01:17:30,033 --> 01:17:32,466 We're in a boat in the ocean, 1203 01:17:32,466 --> 01:17:35,766 and we don't know where the shore is." 1204 01:17:35,766 --> 01:17:37,966 ♪♪ 1205 01:17:37,966 --> 01:17:41,333 And I think I said to him like, "Yeah, alright, yeah, thanks. 1206 01:17:41,333 --> 01:17:43,533 Okay, yeah, good night." 1207 01:17:43,533 --> 01:17:46,500 I hung up the phone like -- Like, you know, 1208 01:17:46,500 --> 01:17:51,133 "The [bleep]? Not information highway? 1209 01:17:51,133 --> 01:17:52,633 We're in a boat in the ocean? 1210 01:17:52,633 --> 01:17:54,966 We don't know where the shore is?" 1211 01:17:54,966 --> 01:17:58,333 ♪♪ 1212 01:17:58,333 --> 01:18:01,333 Maybe 25 years later, 1213 01:18:01,333 --> 01:18:04,133 I realized he was describing the Internet, 1214 01:18:04,133 --> 01:18:06,066 that it's not a highway, 1215 01:18:06,066 --> 01:18:07,833 that it's an ocean of information. 1216 01:18:07,833 --> 01:18:12,800 ♪♪ 1217 01:18:12,800 --> 01:18:15,200 That in fact, finding your way in that ocean 1218 01:18:15,200 --> 01:18:18,266 was going to be the key -- finding the shore. 1219 01:18:18,266 --> 01:18:23,133 ♪♪ 1220 01:18:23,133 --> 01:18:26,166 And even the way he frames it, as like a -- 1221 01:18:26,166 --> 01:18:29,366 "You're lost at sea in a small boat," 1222 01:18:29,366 --> 01:18:31,300 you know, it's a crisis. 1223 01:18:31,300 --> 01:18:36,200 ♪♪ 1224 01:18:36,200 --> 01:18:40,833 He was trying to understand how the world was changing 1225 01:18:40,833 --> 01:18:45,233 as a function of technology, out of control. 1226 01:18:45,233 --> 01:18:49,466 That technology was not just a blessing. 1227 01:18:49,466 --> 01:18:53,300 At worst, it was a [bleep] nightmare. 1228 01:18:53,300 --> 01:18:55,500 -No, no, no, no, no! 1229 01:18:55,500 --> 01:19:03,266 ♪♪ 1230 01:19:03,266 --> 01:19:05,600 -"Needless to say, with high tech, 1231 01:19:05,600 --> 01:19:08,166 there will be many unforeseen problems ahead." 1232 01:19:08,166 --> 01:19:12,700 ♪♪ 1233 01:19:12,700 --> 01:19:14,766 -[ Speaking Russian ] 1234 01:19:17,233 --> 01:19:19,800 -The United States is a leader in technology. 1235 01:19:19,800 --> 01:19:21,966 The Soviet Union, to put it mildly, is not. 1236 01:19:21,966 --> 01:19:25,433 -[ Speaking Russian ] 1237 01:19:25,433 --> 01:19:29,033 -Today, 70% of U.S. military communications overseas 1238 01:19:29,033 --> 01:19:30,266 go via satellite. 1239 01:19:30,266 --> 01:19:32,633 The Russians have already conducted about 20 tests 1240 01:19:32,633 --> 01:19:35,033 of an anti-satellite weapon that would maneuver 1241 01:19:35,033 --> 01:19:37,400 close to an American satellite and blow it up. 1242 01:19:37,400 --> 01:19:39,633 -[ Speaking Russian ] 1243 01:19:43,900 --> 01:19:45,933 -The Americans and the Soviets have been described 1244 01:19:45,933 --> 01:19:47,700 as two scorpions in a bottle. 1245 01:19:47,700 --> 01:19:49,766 They are now high-tech scorpions. 1246 01:19:49,766 --> 01:19:52,000 Accidental nuclear war can be avoided 1247 01:19:52,000 --> 01:19:54,800 only if the computers on both  1248 01:19:52,000 --> 01:19:54,800 sides work -- 1249 01:19:54,800 --> 01:19:56,000 ours and theirs. 1250 01:19:56,000 --> 01:19:58,366 -Space, the final frontier of war. 1251 01:19:58,366 --> 01:20:02,133 ♪♪ 1252 01:20:02,133 --> 01:20:03,333 [ Test-pattern tone ] 1253 01:20:03,333 --> 01:20:06,833 [ "Celebration" plays ] 1254 01:20:06,833 --> 01:20:08,300 -♪ Whoo-hoo ♪ 1255 01:20:08,300 --> 01:20:11,866 -"Unless somebody acts quickly, history will repeat itself." 1256 01:20:11,866 --> 01:20:15,600 ♪♪ 1257 01:20:15,600 --> 01:20:17,766 "Another landmark year is approaching -- 1258 01:20:17,766 --> 01:20:20,233 George Orwell year 1984." 1259 01:20:20,233 --> 01:20:23,633 -♪ Celebrate good times, come on ♪ 1260 01:20:23,633 --> 01:20:26,533 -"With less than the cost of one night Broadway production, 1261 01:20:26,533 --> 01:20:28,833 which reaches only a few hundred people, 1262 01:20:28,833 --> 01:20:31,333 our transatlantic satellite production 1263 01:20:31,333 --> 01:20:34,366 will reach millions of people on two continents, 1264 01:20:34,366 --> 01:20:37,166 and many million more behind the Iron Curtain -- 1265 01:20:37,166 --> 01:20:40,633 an affirmation of positive uses of technology." 1266 01:20:40,633 --> 01:20:44,433 -He came to me in late October 1267 01:20:44,433 --> 01:20:47,700 for a broadcast January 1st, [Chuckles] -- 1268 01:20:47,700 --> 01:20:50,733 something nobody had ever done before. 1269 01:20:50,733 --> 01:20:53,066 And I said to him, "Nam June, 1270 01:20:53,066 --> 01:20:57,366 we can't do a live New York-Paris broadcast 1271 01:20:57,366 --> 01:20:58,800 two months." 1272 01:20:58,800 --> 01:21:01,000 -He was trying to convince 1273 01:21:01,000 --> 01:21:03,300 producers, television stations, 1274 01:21:03,300 --> 01:21:04,733 networks around the globe 1275 01:21:04,733 --> 01:21:07,033 to carry his idea 1276 01:21:07,033 --> 01:21:10,700 of a live transmission via satellite. 1277 01:21:10,700 --> 01:21:12,433 -Among other broadcasters, 1278 01:21:12,433 --> 01:21:15,766 he definitely reached out to Korea, to KBS. 1279 01:21:15,766 --> 01:21:17,700 -"I was only one guy in the world 1280 01:21:17,700 --> 01:21:20,466 who says that Orwell is only half of truth. 1281 01:21:20,466 --> 01:21:22,866 Video artists challenge Orwell's theory." 1282 01:21:22,866 --> 01:21:24,266 -♪ Whoo-hoo ♪ 1283 01:21:24,266 --> 01:21:26,233 [ Mid-tempo music plays ] 1284 01:21:26,233 --> 01:21:27,633 -Help. 1285 01:21:27,633 --> 01:21:29,666 -Good morning, Mr. Orwell. 1286 01:21:29,666 --> 01:21:32,533 -Bonjour, Monsieur Orwell. 1287 01:21:32,533 --> 01:21:33,866 -Good morning. 1288 01:21:33,866 --> 01:21:37,833 You've made it, and we've made it to 1984. 1289 01:21:37,833 --> 01:21:39,533 You and I are here today 1290 01:21:39,533 --> 01:21:42,400 to say hello to a notorious new Year 1291 01:21:42,400 --> 01:21:45,933 as we recover from saying goodbye to an old one. 1292 01:21:45,933 --> 01:21:48,466 I'm George Plimpton, here in New York, 1293 01:21:48,466 --> 01:21:50,333 welcoming you to what promises to be 1294 01:21:50,333 --> 01:21:53,300 a rather unusual event in live television. 1295 01:21:53,300 --> 01:21:56,733 My Parisian counterpart is introducing this program 1296 01:21:56,733 --> 01:21:58,433 to French television audiences. 1297 01:21:58,433 --> 01:22:00,766 Bonjour, Monsieur Viller?  à votre santé! 1298 01:22:00,766 --> 01:22:03,433 -Hello, George. -Shall we toast the new year? 1299 01:22:03,433 --> 01:22:06,233 Bonne année à vous. -Yes, we will do that. 1300 01:22:06,233 --> 01:22:07,766 -[ Chuckles ] And to France. 1301 01:22:07,766 --> 01:22:09,433 -Happy New Year to you. -And to you, sir. 1302 01:22:09,433 --> 01:22:10,733 -And to everyone. 1303 01:22:10,733 --> 01:22:13,066 -La même chose à vous en France aussi. 1304 01:22:13,066 --> 01:22:16,533 Now I believe the popular French singer Sapho is 1305 01:22:16,533 --> 01:22:18,866 about to perform live... -[ Speaking French ] 1306 01:22:18,866 --> 01:22:19,866 -...her new song. 1307 01:22:19,866 --> 01:22:24,500 -[ Singing in French ] 1308 01:22:24,500 --> 01:22:26,066 -We observe the legendary 1309 01:22:26,066 --> 01:22:27,533 Merce Cunningham, 1310 01:22:27,533 --> 01:22:30,800 as he becomes the first man of 1984 1311 01:22:30,800 --> 01:22:33,200 to truly dance with himself. 1312 01:22:33,200 --> 01:22:38,033 ♪♪ 1313 01:22:38,033 --> 01:22:40,533 [ Speaking English ] 1314 01:22:42,233 --> 01:22:46,133 [ Laughs ] 1315 01:22:46,133 --> 01:22:49,466 -Said it's the future trouser 1316 01:22:49,466 --> 01:22:53,066 of the 21 century. 1317 01:22:53,066 --> 01:22:57,633 Everybody in the world should make such trousers. 1318 01:22:57,633 --> 01:23:00,700 -♪ When I see the future, I close my eyes ♪ 1319 01:23:00,700 --> 01:23:01,900 ♪ I can see it now ♪ 1320 01:23:02,900 --> 01:23:04,733 -♪ Long words ♪ 1321 01:23:07,033 --> 01:23:09,433 ♪ Excellent words ♪ 1322 01:23:09,433 --> 01:23:10,533 ♪ I can hear them now ♪ 1323 01:23:21,766 --> 01:23:23,933 -♪ I have a picture ♪ 1324 01:23:26,166 --> 01:23:27,266 ♪ Pinned to my wall ♪ -You have all the history of it. 1325 01:23:27,266 --> 01:23:28,766 It was a disaster. 1326 01:23:28,766 --> 01:23:30,366 Plimpton got drunk. 1327 01:23:30,366 --> 01:23:33,233 He was drinking as things went on. 1328 01:23:33,233 --> 01:23:35,333 -I may not be Big Brother, [ Laughing ] but I -- 1329 01:23:35,333 --> 01:23:37,066 I am watching you, right here, 1330 01:23:37,066 --> 01:23:39,266 from my 1984 vantage point. 1331 01:23:39,266 --> 01:23:41,000 -The sound was bad. 1332 01:23:41,000 --> 01:23:42,466 -Yes, I need sound. 1333 01:23:42,466 --> 01:23:44,333 -Oh. There's no -- -They didn't -- They didn't 1334 01:23:44,333 --> 01:23:47,033 turn the sound on. -It sounds too much like a regular cello. 1335 01:23:47,033 --> 01:23:48,733 [ String squeals ] -They didn't turn the sound on. 1336 01:23:48,733 --> 01:23:50,466 -♪ Fuss and we fight and delight ♪ 1337 01:23:50,466 --> 01:23:52,133 -Well, it still sounds pretty good to me. 1338 01:23:52,133 --> 01:23:55,033 -Allen Ginsberg and John Cage were having a riot 1339 01:23:55,033 --> 01:23:59,600 and had gotten extremely stoned before the event. 1340 01:23:59,600 --> 01:24:02,133 -♪ Lay ee odl lay ee odl lay ee odl lay hee hoo ♪ 1341 01:24:02,133 --> 01:24:04,466 ♪ High on a hill ♪ -The delay was awful. 1342 01:24:04,466 --> 01:24:06,033 The jokes didn't land. 1343 01:24:06,033 --> 01:24:08,600 -♪ Stay with me ♪ -What's happening? 1344 01:24:08,600 --> 01:24:09,900 -Can she hear me? -I don't -- We've lost -- 1345 01:24:09,900 --> 01:24:11,200 -Leslie, can you hear me? -♪ Let loving start ♪ 1346 01:24:11,200 --> 01:24:12,266 -And I'm in the control room 1347 01:24:12,266 --> 01:24:14,666 watching this disaster unfold. 1348 01:24:14,666 --> 01:24:17,666 And Emile Ardolino, who was the DGA director -- 1349 01:24:17,666 --> 01:24:20,233 he went on to do "Dirty Dancing" -- 1350 01:24:20,233 --> 01:24:21,966 threw his hands up at one point and said, 1351 01:24:21,966 --> 01:24:24,166 "Pick any camera you want. Any camera you want. 1352 01:24:24,166 --> 01:24:26,833 Just whatever." -♪ Searching for something ♪ 1353 01:24:35,900 --> 01:24:37,633 You know. You know. 1354 01:24:37,633 --> 01:24:38,666 [ Laughs ] 1355 01:24:39,800 --> 01:24:43,133 -♪ Odl lay ee odl lay ee odl lay hee hoo ♪ 1356 01:24:43,133 --> 01:24:44,433 -♪ On the satellite ♪ 1357 01:24:44,433 --> 01:24:46,566 -♪ Odl lay ee odl lay ee ♪ 1358 01:24:46,566 --> 01:24:48,300 ♪ Odl lay hee hoo ♪ -I said to Nam June, 1359 01:24:48,300 --> 01:24:51,233 'Good Morning, Mr. Orwell' was a disaster!" 1360 01:24:51,233 --> 01:24:52,466 "Doesn't matter." 1361 01:24:52,466 --> 01:24:53,633 I said, "What do you mean, it doesn't matter?!" 1362 01:24:53,633 --> 01:24:56,333 "Doesn't matter. We did it." 1363 01:24:58,933 --> 01:24:59,933 You know? 1364 01:25:16,200 --> 01:25:17,966 [ Applause ] 1365 01:25:17,966 --> 01:25:20,233 -There was the excitement and the satisfaction 1366 01:25:20,233 --> 01:25:23,800 of knowing that it had been seen not only 1367 01:25:23,800 --> 01:25:26,433 on American public television stations, 1368 01:25:26,433 --> 01:25:30,600 but it was also seen in France, of course; in West Germany. 1369 01:25:40,566 --> 01:25:42,633 France... 1370 01:25:42,633 --> 01:25:45,066 ...3.3 to 11 million viewers. 1371 01:25:46,566 --> 01:25:48,833 Brazil... 1372 01:25:48,833 --> 01:25:51,366 -And in... 1373 01:25:51,366 --> 01:25:55,866 We started here at noon on New Year's Day, 1374 01:25:55,866 --> 01:25:58,766 so, that would've been 1375 01:25:58,766 --> 01:26:01,366 2:00 in the morning in Seoul. 1376 01:26:04,033 --> 01:26:09,000 6.8 million Koreans watched the show live. 1377 01:26:09,000 --> 01:26:16,933 ♪♪ 1378 01:26:16,933 --> 01:26:19,033 -[ Speaking Korean ] 1379 01:26:49,266 --> 01:27:11,333 ♪♪ 1380 01:27:27,600 --> 01:27:33,933 ♪♪ 1381 01:27:33,933 --> 01:27:36,566 -A little after the George Orwell piece, 1382 01:27:36,566 --> 01:27:38,333 he was invited to Korea. 1383 01:27:38,333 --> 01:27:39,900 He was very nervous about that. 1384 01:27:39,900 --> 01:27:41,233 He was very nervous. 1385 01:27:41,233 --> 01:27:44,433 And then he said, "I haven't been home in 34 years." 1386 01:27:44,433 --> 01:27:47,233 Korea was not a democratic country. 1387 01:27:47,233 --> 01:27:50,400 And he told me bluntly, he said, 1388 01:27:50,400 --> 01:27:53,033 "I have this leftist reputation." 1389 01:27:53,033 --> 01:27:54,900 And he said, "I'm afraid they'll arrest me." 1390 01:27:56,700 --> 01:28:01,500 He actually gave me a phone number 1391 01:28:01,500 --> 01:28:04,200 in...Amsterdam. 1392 01:28:04,200 --> 01:28:06,333 And he said, "If you don't hear from me --" 1393 01:28:06,333 --> 01:28:08,800 Because he was leaving for Seoul and he said, 1394 01:28:08,800 --> 01:28:11,933 "If you don't hear from me in two weeks, 1395 01:28:11,933 --> 01:28:14,466 call this number." 1396 01:28:14,466 --> 01:28:15,933 And I said, "What do I do with it?" 1397 01:28:15,933 --> 01:28:18,366 And he said, "Just call the number 1398 01:28:18,366 --> 01:28:20,500 and say you haven't heard from me." 1399 01:28:20,500 --> 01:28:23,833 So, he had set up something 1400 01:28:23,833 --> 01:28:26,333 to protect himself, but he was very, very concerned about that. 1401 01:28:26,333 --> 01:28:27,466 He was very nervous. 1402 01:28:37,766 --> 01:28:40,733 [ Suspenseful music plays ] 1403 01:28:40,733 --> 01:28:46,500 ♪♪ 1404 01:28:46,500 --> 01:28:50,366 [ Cheering and applause ] 1405 01:28:50,366 --> 01:28:52,566 [ Speaking Korean ] 1406 01:28:52,566 --> 01:28:53,633 [ Camera shutter clicks ] 1407 01:28:53,633 --> 01:28:56,733 [ Conversing in Korean ] 1408 01:28:56,733 --> 01:29:05,066 ♪♪ 1409 01:29:05,066 --> 01:29:08,066 [ Camera shutter clicking ] 1410 01:29:08,066 --> 01:29:11,800 -And, of course, he was received like some national hero. 1411 01:29:11,800 --> 01:29:28,033 ♪♪ 1412 01:29:28,033 --> 01:29:30,266 [ Conversing in Korean ] 1413 01:29:50,033 --> 01:29:52,433 [ Laughter ] 1414 01:30:36,800 --> 01:30:39,866 [ Indistinct conversations ] 1415 01:30:52,833 --> 01:30:53,900 [ Creature screeching ] 1416 01:31:11,833 --> 01:31:54,500 ♪♪ 1417 01:31:56,133 --> 01:32:08,200 ♪♪ 1418 01:32:08,200 --> 01:32:13,400 -Within a short period of time, his extended family was gone. 1419 01:32:13,400 --> 01:32:23,400 ♪♪ 1420 01:32:23,400 --> 01:32:27,066 [ Applause ] 1421 01:32:27,066 --> 01:32:36,100 ♪♪ 1422 01:32:38,866 --> 01:32:44,300 ♪♪ 1423 01:32:44,300 --> 01:32:48,066 -"Allen Ginsberg said, 'Time is a big lie.'" 1424 01:32:48,066 --> 01:32:55,966 ♪♪ 1425 01:33:01,566 --> 01:33:08,733 ♪♪ 1426 01:33:14,266 --> 01:33:17,133 [ Speaking English ] 1427 01:33:29,100 --> 01:33:31,666 [ Speaking Korean ] 1428 01:33:39,066 --> 01:33:41,733 -Nam June and I concocted this scheme 1429 01:33:41,733 --> 01:33:45,566 where we would bring the '93 biennial to Seoul. 1430 01:34:03,833 --> 01:34:07,133 [ Applause ] 1431 01:34:07,133 --> 01:34:13,133 ♪♪ 1432 01:34:13,133 --> 01:34:17,233 -Nam June was nonstop. 1433 01:34:17,233 --> 01:34:20,500 He was perpetual motion. 1434 01:34:22,100 --> 01:34:24,966 -Of course, Nam June had too many projects. 1435 01:34:29,000 --> 01:34:30,766 -We collaborated together. 1436 01:34:30,766 --> 01:34:33,966 He was already older and he came to my studio 1437 01:34:33,966 --> 01:34:35,700 to finish up one of the sculptures. 1438 01:34:35,700 --> 01:34:39,333 It was hard for him to walk or to stand up for a long time, 1439 01:34:39,333 --> 01:34:41,800 so he asked me for a little stool, 1440 01:34:41,800 --> 01:34:45,533 so he could work on the sculpture sitting down. 1441 01:34:45,533 --> 01:34:47,033 And when I brought him the stool, 1442 01:34:47,033 --> 01:34:50,666 he apologized and he said, 1443 01:34:50,666 --> 01:34:53,633 "Well, you know, the Buddha is punishing me 1444 01:34:53,633 --> 01:34:55,333 for everything I did to it." 1445 01:34:55,333 --> 01:35:05,833 ♪♪ 1446 01:35:05,833 --> 01:35:09,166 -Very painful time for us to watch. 1447 01:35:09,166 --> 01:35:26,300 ♪♪ 1448 01:35:26,300 --> 01:35:28,233 [ Siren wailing ] 1449 01:35:46,166 --> 01:35:48,966 [ Vehicle horns blaring ] 1450 01:35:59,300 --> 01:36:05,633 -Before stroke, he was a truly global trotter 1451 01:36:05,633 --> 01:36:10,600 and the stroke stationed him on Mercer Street. 1452 01:36:10,600 --> 01:36:12,133 [ Speaking English ] 1453 01:36:12,133 --> 01:36:13,600 -Yeah, yeah. 1454 01:36:18,733 --> 01:36:19,533 Maybe. 1455 01:36:35,033 --> 01:36:35,700 Yeah. 1456 01:36:35,700 --> 01:36:37,100 [ Laughter ] 1457 01:36:47,966 --> 01:36:49,433 Good? 1458 01:36:49,433 --> 01:36:50,600 Cool. -You know him? 1459 01:36:53,200 --> 01:36:55,533 -He was full of hope 1460 01:36:55,533 --> 01:37:01,100 that he would one day recuperate and resume his old activities. 1461 01:37:08,333 --> 01:37:12,833 -He created a self-reflective body of work 1462 01:37:12,833 --> 01:37:16,066 that looked back to his past, 1463 01:37:16,066 --> 01:37:18,066 an artwork of his that's a fragment 1464 01:37:18,066 --> 01:37:20,966 of the Berlin Wall that he painted on. 1465 01:37:20,966 --> 01:37:27,533 ♪♪ 1466 01:37:27,533 --> 01:37:29,100 -The Berlin Wall piece, 1467 01:37:29,100 --> 01:37:33,466 it shows division where there should be unity. 1468 01:37:33,466 --> 01:37:39,833 ♪♪ 1469 01:37:39,833 --> 01:37:42,233 It's more relevant than ever. 1470 01:37:44,200 --> 01:37:48,700 And this is Nam June's protest against division 1471 01:37:48,700 --> 01:37:52,266 and a hope for unity in Korea. 1472 01:37:57,500 --> 01:37:58,566 [ Speaking German ] 1473 01:37:58,566 --> 01:38:01,733 [ Laughter and applause ] 1474 01:38:10,700 --> 01:38:11,500 [ Thud ] 1475 01:38:11,500 --> 01:38:19,700 ♪♪ 1476 01:38:19,700 --> 01:38:20,700 [ Thudding ] 1477 01:38:20,700 --> 01:38:31,600 ♪♪ 1478 01:38:31,600 --> 01:38:32,500 [ Thudding ] 1479 01:38:32,500 --> 01:38:33,900 -You still are working very, 1480 01:38:33,900 --> 01:38:35,033 very well, aren't you? 1481 01:38:35,033 --> 01:38:37,033 -[ Speaking English ] 1482 01:38:38,700 --> 01:38:40,166 [ Laughs ] 1483 01:38:46,100 --> 01:38:46,866 [ Laughs ] 1484 01:38:47,666 --> 01:38:49,133 -[ Laughing ] Yeah. -Yeah. 1485 01:38:49,133 --> 01:38:53,033 -Mr. Nam June Paik and Mr. Ken Hakuta. 1486 01:38:53,033 --> 01:38:57,533 ♪♪ 1487 01:38:57,533 --> 01:38:59,500 [ Camera shutters clicking ] 1488 01:38:59,500 --> 01:39:01,200 [ Indistinct conversations ] 1489 01:39:01,200 --> 01:39:08,333 ♪♪ 1490 01:39:23,633 --> 01:39:39,700 ♪♪ 1491 01:39:49,400 --> 01:39:51,766 -So, you like these Buddhas? 1492 01:39:51,766 --> 01:39:53,633 -Yeah. -Huh? So, what do you want -- 1493 01:39:53,633 --> 01:39:55,733 what do you want to do with them again? 1494 01:39:55,733 --> 01:39:56,633 -I'm not really sure. 1495 01:39:56,633 --> 01:39:58,200 I'll put them in a museum show. 1496 01:39:58,200 --> 01:39:59,433 -Museum show? 1497 01:39:59,433 --> 01:40:08,466 ♪♪ 1498 01:40:08,466 --> 01:40:11,000 -The big thing to say about all this is 1499 01:40:11,000 --> 01:40:13,800 look at that final work that he created 1500 01:40:13,800 --> 01:40:17,466 in the rotunda of the Guggenheim Museum. 1501 01:40:19,566 --> 01:40:23,066 [ Applause ] 1502 01:40:23,066 --> 01:40:27,533 He said, "John, I want a seven-story waterfall to fall. 1503 01:40:27,533 --> 01:40:29,733 I want laser to move through it. 1504 01:40:31,966 --> 01:40:36,566 -Climbed from the center of the atrium 1505 01:40:36,566 --> 01:40:37,833 and into the beyond. 1506 01:40:37,833 --> 01:40:40,966 It's like literally like a spear of light 1507 01:40:40,966 --> 01:40:43,466 grounding the earth and the heavens. 1508 01:40:44,966 --> 01:40:49,000 -Nam June is always transcending our vision of reality, 1509 01:40:49,000 --> 01:40:51,966 opening up unbelievable possibilities. 1510 01:40:53,966 --> 01:40:57,400 Oh, boy, the story is so poignant, 1511 01:40:57,400 --> 01:40:58,800 that he would do something 1512 01:40:58,800 --> 01:41:03,066 with the story of Jacob's Ladder at the end of his life 1513 01:41:03,066 --> 01:41:05,633 and that it be kind of 1514 01:41:05,633 --> 01:41:09,500 the last sort of spectacle that he created, 1515 01:41:09,500 --> 01:41:13,300 just because of the biblical meaning of that story. 1516 01:41:13,300 --> 01:41:18,700 ♪♪ 1517 01:41:18,700 --> 01:41:21,233 Jacob is the biblical trickster. 1518 01:41:22,366 --> 01:41:26,600 So, Nam June Paik was a trickster. 1519 01:41:26,600 --> 01:41:31,833 This is the moment where Jacob kind of has an awakening. 1520 01:41:31,833 --> 01:41:35,666 It's the moment where he also wrestles with the angel of God. 1521 01:41:40,000 --> 01:41:43,266 He's ascending the rungs in this 1522 01:41:43,266 --> 01:41:47,033 and at that point, he's leaving his tricksterness 1523 01:41:47,033 --> 01:41:50,500 and becoming something more like a sage. 1524 01:41:52,066 --> 01:41:54,633 Brings a little -- some tears [ Laughing ] to my eyes. 1525 01:41:54,633 --> 01:42:14,700 ♪♪ 1526 01:42:14,700 --> 01:42:16,000 -[Indistinct], you know, 1527 01:42:16,000 --> 01:42:18,833 because I do have a master's degree in [indistinct] 1528 01:42:18,833 --> 01:42:20,333 and I went to Juilliard. 1529 01:42:20,333 --> 01:42:22,833 I studied these great [indistinct]. 1530 01:42:22,833 --> 01:42:25,033 -After you die, 1531 01:42:25,033 --> 01:42:26,300 where do you want to be buried? 1532 01:42:31,866 --> 01:42:33,933 So, what about -- You don't want -- 1533 01:42:33,933 --> 01:42:35,500 you don't want like cemetery? 1534 01:42:37,833 --> 01:42:38,700 Hm? 1535 01:42:40,600 --> 01:42:43,400 You don't want to be there with your parents? 1536 01:42:43,400 --> 01:42:45,533 You don't want that? -No. 1537 01:42:45,533 --> 01:42:47,800 -But you want to be part in Korea. 1538 01:42:48,533 --> 01:42:49,700 Yeah. 1539 01:42:52,266 --> 01:42:53,500 Korea. 1540 01:42:53,500 --> 01:42:56,433 Do you want a funeral service? Which country? 1541 01:42:59,866 --> 01:43:01,400 Cheaper place? [ Laughter ] 1542 01:43:01,400 --> 01:43:03,400 That's good. Cheaper place. 1543 01:43:03,400 --> 01:43:04,900 Where do you think that would be? 1544 01:43:06,300 --> 01:43:26,500 ♪♪ 1545 01:43:26,500 --> 01:43:29,700 [ Speaking Korean ] 1546 01:43:36,000 --> 01:44:01,333 ♪♪ 1547 01:44:02,100 --> 01:44:04,766 ♪♪ 1548 01:44:04,766 --> 01:44:06,500 -What's the title? 1549 01:44:06,500 --> 01:44:08,500 -We are playing with two titles 1550 01:44:08,500 --> 01:44:10,633 or two or three titles right now, so. 1551 01:44:10,633 --> 01:44:12,466 -Tell me. I love titles. 1552 01:44:12,466 --> 01:44:14,033 Give me a piece of paper and pen. 1553 01:44:14,033 --> 01:44:15,700 -[ Laughs ] -We write three titles, 1554 01:44:15,700 --> 01:44:18,166 mix them, and each of you pick up, 1555 01:44:18,166 --> 01:44:19,733 to see what you pick up. 1556 01:44:19,733 --> 01:44:21,833 Chance operation, John Cage. -Yeah. 1557 01:44:21,833 --> 01:44:23,900 -Good old chance operation. 1558 01:44:23,900 --> 01:44:26,933 -One, two, three. 1559 01:44:27,733 --> 01:44:28,633 Write. 1560 01:44:29,800 --> 01:44:31,833 Electronic Highway, no. 1561 01:44:31,833 --> 01:44:32,933 [ Laughs ] 1562 01:44:32,933 --> 01:44:42,800 ♪♪ 1563 01:44:42,800 --> 01:44:44,666 "Moon Is the Oldest TV." 1564 01:44:44,666 --> 01:44:47,033 -It's so beautiful and also so true. 1565 01:44:47,033 --> 01:44:54,833 ♪♪