1 00:00:01,033 --> 00:00:29,866 ♪♪ 2 00:00:29,866 --> 00:00:32,666 [ Indistinct singing ] 3 00:00:32,666 --> 00:00:35,000 [ Instruments tuning ] -Okay, go. 4 00:00:35,000 --> 00:00:37,333 ♪♪ 5 00:00:37,333 --> 00:00:42,000 -Abel Sanchez and Jorge Santana have added music 6 00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:45,500 to a story of Cesar Chavez. 7 00:00:45,500 --> 00:00:48,833 Everybody, black and white and Latino and Asian and... 8 00:00:48,833 --> 00:00:50,933 -Yeah. Yeah. You guys ready in percussion land? 9 00:00:50,933 --> 00:00:53,733 -...Native American and all of us -- 10 00:00:53,733 --> 00:00:55,300 we should have this. -Okay. I'm ready. 11 00:00:55,300 --> 00:00:56,466 They're ready. Everyone's ready. 12 00:00:56,466 --> 00:00:58,833 -Here we go. -It's a song for Cesar. 13 00:00:58,833 --> 00:01:00,800 -Rolling on 4. 14 00:01:00,800 --> 00:01:04,033 [ "Free" plays ] 15 00:01:04,033 --> 00:01:14,400 ♪♪ 16 00:01:14,400 --> 00:01:18,366 -You cannot uneducate the person who has learned to read. 17 00:01:18,366 --> 00:01:23,766 You cannot humiliate the person who feels pride. 18 00:01:23,766 --> 00:01:27,233 You cannot oppress the people who are not afraid anymore. 19 00:01:27,233 --> 00:01:35,000 ♪♪ 20 00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:37,300 -When California moves, 21 00:01:37,300 --> 00:01:38,700 it moves the rest of the country. 22 00:01:38,700 --> 00:01:41,300 And when the country moves, the rest of the world moves. 23 00:01:41,300 --> 00:01:43,166 And that's what we were doing. 24 00:01:43,166 --> 00:01:47,700 -♪ As I walk along this land, I wonder what will be ♪ 25 00:01:47,700 --> 00:01:49,333 ♪ Will I be forever searching? 26 00:01:49,333 --> 00:01:51,433 ♪ Will my soul be free? 27 00:01:51,433 --> 00:01:52,933 -We didn't know who we were. 28 00:01:52,933 --> 00:01:55,966 We were seeking identity, Cesar Chavez gave us that. 29 00:01:55,966 --> 00:02:01,833 -♪ Will my children reach the promise of equality? ♪ 30 00:02:01,833 --> 00:02:04,900 -I think the deciding factor in whether you're going to make 31 00:02:04,900 --> 00:02:07,733 real social change or not is risk. 32 00:02:07,733 --> 00:02:09,266 Are you willing to take a risk? 33 00:02:09,266 --> 00:02:12,000 And the farm workers took the risks. 34 00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:14,266 [ Indistinct shouting ] 35 00:02:14,266 --> 00:02:16,400 ♪♪ 36 00:02:16,400 --> 00:02:20,333 -♪ As I walk along this land, I wonder what I see ♪ 37 00:02:20,333 --> 00:02:24,000 ♪ See my brother struggling, struggling to be free ♪ 38 00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:25,766 -You're either part of the problem 39 00:02:25,766 --> 00:02:27,100 or a part of the solution. 40 00:02:27,100 --> 00:02:28,633 Ain't no in between. 41 00:02:28,633 --> 00:02:30,466 -♪ Will I be forever yearning? 42 00:02:30,466 --> 00:02:32,433 ♪ Will my soul be free? 43 00:02:32,433 --> 00:02:33,466 -It was said somewhere along the line, 44 00:02:33,466 --> 00:02:35,700 "Beware of a movement that sings." 45 00:02:35,700 --> 00:02:37,800 -Oh, man, it was so exciting. 46 00:02:37,800 --> 00:02:42,033 The musicians were excited. The people were excited. 47 00:02:42,033 --> 00:02:44,133 -Even though we don't know where this journey 48 00:02:44,133 --> 00:02:45,466 is going to end, 49 00:02:45,466 --> 00:02:47,633 we know that this journey is going to be successful 50 00:02:47,633 --> 00:02:49,900 even if it takes a long time to get there. 51 00:02:49,900 --> 00:02:53,933 -♪ Like a never-ending battle, battle of my mind ♪ 52 00:02:53,933 --> 00:02:58,566 ♪ Will I be forever yearning what I seek to find? ♪ 53 00:02:58,566 --> 00:03:00,533 -We, uh -- We were recording one night, 54 00:03:00,533 --> 00:03:04,100 Jorge Santana and myself, a song called "Free," 55 00:03:04,100 --> 00:03:06,433 and, you know, the next thing we know, 56 00:03:06,433 --> 00:03:08,400 we were inspired 57 00:03:08,400 --> 00:03:11,833 as if Cesar Chavez's spirit entered into the studio. 58 00:03:11,833 --> 00:03:13,800 -♪ Will I still be free? 59 00:03:13,800 --> 00:03:15,400 -As Abel and I got closer 60 00:03:15,400 --> 00:03:18,466 to finishing the song, it was very real 61 00:03:18,466 --> 00:03:22,000 that it had a strong connection to the farm workers, 62 00:03:22,000 --> 00:03:24,333 Cesar Chavez, and his legacy. 63 00:03:24,333 --> 00:03:29,066 The connecting factor is the cry. 64 00:03:29,066 --> 00:03:32,400 It's the cry of the instrument. It's the cry of the lyric. 65 00:03:32,400 --> 00:03:37,433 It's the cry of the note. It's the cry of the laborers. 66 00:03:37,433 --> 00:03:41,000 It's the cry of Cesar wanting to have a better way 67 00:03:41,000 --> 00:03:43,000 for the people he represents. 68 00:03:44,800 --> 00:03:47,900 -All of us are looking for a place under the sun. 69 00:03:47,900 --> 00:03:50,600 By that, I mean for a union that we can belong as farm workers, 70 00:03:50,600 --> 00:03:52,600 which is gonna be built by farm workers, 71 00:03:52,600 --> 00:03:54,466 and it's gonna be for farm workers. 72 00:03:54,466 --> 00:04:03,933 ♪♪ 73 00:04:03,933 --> 00:04:09,133 -Señor Chavez, his dreams, his hopes, his desires, 74 00:04:09,133 --> 00:04:14,866 his work will live as long as we who are alive keep it alive. 75 00:04:14,866 --> 00:04:19,033 ♪♪ 76 00:04:19,033 --> 00:04:26,333 ♪♪ 77 00:04:26,333 --> 00:04:28,733 [ Dramatic music plays ] 78 00:04:28,733 --> 00:04:38,766 ♪♪ 79 00:04:38,766 --> 00:04:41,266 -Farm workers -- all farm workers -- 80 00:04:41,266 --> 00:04:43,300 shared in one common experience, 81 00:04:43,300 --> 00:04:45,100 and that was the injustice of living, 82 00:04:45,100 --> 00:04:47,733 of working in conditions that were inhuman. 83 00:04:47,733 --> 00:04:51,700 ♪♪ 84 00:04:51,700 --> 00:04:55,533 -Imagine being 10 to 8 hours bent down in your back. 85 00:04:55,533 --> 00:04:57,866 Sometimes you couldn't stand up at the end of the row. 86 00:04:57,866 --> 00:04:59,700 You couldn't stand up to get a drink of water. 87 00:04:59,700 --> 00:05:02,200 You couldn't stand up because it was very painful. 88 00:05:02,200 --> 00:05:04,600 -People got sprayed in the fields 89 00:05:04,600 --> 00:05:07,300 and families were locked into something 90 00:05:07,300 --> 00:05:10,533 very similar to something that was right over my shoulder, 91 00:05:10,533 --> 00:05:12,833 basically sharecropping. 92 00:05:12,833 --> 00:05:19,566 ♪♪ 93 00:05:19,566 --> 00:05:21,266 -Huelga. 94 00:05:21,266 --> 00:05:22,866 -iViva la huelga! 95 00:05:22,866 --> 00:05:27,866 ♪♪ 96 00:05:27,866 --> 00:05:30,633 -iViva la huelga! 97 00:05:30,633 --> 00:05:32,033 iViva la huelga! 98 00:05:32,033 --> 00:05:33,066 -iViva Cesar Chavez! 99 00:05:33,066 --> 00:05:36,300 -iViva! 100 00:05:36,300 --> 00:05:38,833 -iViva la huelga! 101 00:05:38,833 --> 00:05:41,566 -iViva la Virgen de Guadalupe! 102 00:05:41,566 --> 00:05:50,900 ♪♪ 103 00:05:50,900 --> 00:05:53,766 -It's an enormous, ironic injustice 104 00:05:53,766 --> 00:05:56,800 that a nation as powerful and as rich as this one 105 00:05:56,800 --> 00:06:00,166 has to rely on cheap stoop labor 106 00:06:00,166 --> 00:06:04,033 in order to feed itself, you know? 107 00:06:04,033 --> 00:06:07,100 But I think Cesar pretty much pointed the way, 108 00:06:07,100 --> 00:06:08,300 I think, toward the future. 109 00:06:08,300 --> 00:06:09,966 I think he says, "Stand up. 110 00:06:09,966 --> 00:06:11,600 Stand up for yourself. Don't be on your knees." 111 00:06:11,600 --> 00:06:13,833 You know? [ Cheers and applause ] 112 00:06:13,833 --> 00:06:15,633 ♪♪ 113 00:06:15,633 --> 00:06:19,066 -Cesar Chavez was the main guy, sort of, you know, 114 00:06:19,066 --> 00:06:22,733 standing up for all those people working in the fields 115 00:06:22,733 --> 00:06:25,600 that were getting mistreated, weren't being paid, 116 00:06:25,600 --> 00:06:29,100 and, you know, a lot of slave labor and stuff. 117 00:06:29,100 --> 00:06:30,900 [ Indistinct shouting ] 118 00:06:30,900 --> 00:06:33,800 -He was a walking lesson, 119 00:06:33,800 --> 00:06:38,633 and being around him, it was action. 120 00:06:38,633 --> 00:06:41,633 -The power of persistence. 121 00:06:41,633 --> 00:06:45,800 He had a strong sense of the injustice 122 00:06:45,800 --> 00:06:48,800 that farm workers had in our society 123 00:06:48,800 --> 00:06:50,366 and what to do about it. 124 00:06:50,366 --> 00:06:52,900 And he kept with it. 125 00:06:52,900 --> 00:06:55,833 -iViva la victoria! Viva! 126 00:06:55,833 --> 00:06:57,600 -I have two wings. 127 00:06:57,600 --> 00:07:01,933 In this wing, it was B.B. King and Tito Puente, 128 00:07:01,933 --> 00:07:04,433 you know, all that -- John Lee Hooker, Miles Davis -- 129 00:07:04,433 --> 00:07:07,233 and on this hand, it was Cesar Chavez, 130 00:07:07,233 --> 00:07:09,000 Dolores Huerta, Mahatma Gandhi, 131 00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:11,200 and Martin Luther King and Malcolm X 132 00:07:11,200 --> 00:07:12,633 and the Black Panthers, you know, 133 00:07:12,633 --> 00:07:14,966 andlos campesinos,you know? 134 00:07:14,966 --> 00:07:18,600 And to me, it was always about doing this with the music. 135 00:07:18,600 --> 00:07:21,300 ♪♪ 136 00:07:21,300 --> 00:07:23,466 -Art was integral to this project 137 00:07:23,466 --> 00:07:25,933 right from the very beginning because... 138 00:07:25,933 --> 00:07:28,100 artists are naturally 139 00:07:28,100 --> 00:07:30,500 drawn to those causes that are pure. 140 00:07:30,500 --> 00:07:32,266 They're naturally drawn to them, you know? 141 00:07:32,266 --> 00:07:34,266 Whether they're writers or they're musicians 142 00:07:34,266 --> 00:07:38,266 or they're actors or they're poets or they're painters, 143 00:07:38,266 --> 00:07:40,733 naturally they're drawn to that. 144 00:07:40,733 --> 00:07:43,366 [ "Brown-Eyed Children of the Sun" playing ] 145 00:07:43,366 --> 00:07:49,966 -♪ Up to California from Mexico you come ♪ 146 00:07:49,966 --> 00:07:57,200 ♪ To the Sacramento Valley to toil in the sun ♪ 147 00:07:57,200 --> 00:08:00,000 ♪ Your wife and seven children 148 00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:01,200 I was a migrant kid. 149 00:08:01,200 --> 00:08:02,700 You know, I grew up in the fields. 150 00:08:02,700 --> 00:08:05,433 I mean, I was working in the field by the time I was 5 151 00:08:05,433 --> 00:08:07,000 till the time I was 12. 152 00:08:07,000 --> 00:08:09,366 I picked everything you could think of there. 153 00:08:09,366 --> 00:08:11,533 There were no child labor laws. 154 00:08:11,533 --> 00:08:13,600 Now we have child labor laws, you know? 155 00:08:13,600 --> 00:08:17,033 But in those days, the bigger the family, 156 00:08:17,033 --> 00:08:20,000 the more you picked, the more money you made. 157 00:08:20,000 --> 00:08:21,600 So if you had 15 in the family, 158 00:08:21,600 --> 00:08:24,200 gee, you could work a ranch, man. 159 00:08:24,200 --> 00:08:32,700 ♪ Up to California from Mexico you come ♪ 160 00:08:32,700 --> 00:08:37,266 ♪ To the Sacramento Valley 161 00:08:37,266 --> 00:08:41,500 -♪ To toil in the sun 162 00:08:41,500 --> 00:08:45,533 -♪ Your wife and seven children ♪ 163 00:08:45,533 --> 00:08:50,033 ♪ They're working, every one 164 00:08:50,033 --> 00:08:54,766 ♪ And what will you be giving to your ♪ 165 00:08:54,766 --> 00:09:01,366 -♪ Brown-eyed children of the sun? ♪ 166 00:09:01,366 --> 00:09:02,800 -"The Brown-Eyed Children of the Sun" 167 00:09:02,800 --> 00:09:06,466 was a poem that was sent by two youngChicanosfrom L.A. 168 00:09:06,466 --> 00:09:09,533 I read the poem, and I heard a bolero, is what I heard. 169 00:09:09,533 --> 00:09:11,866 ♪ Your face is blind and wrinkled ♪ 170 00:09:11,866 --> 00:09:14,666 I mean, it represented something to me 171 00:09:14,666 --> 00:09:16,133 that was very personal. 172 00:09:16,133 --> 00:09:18,366 It brings back memories of being a kid 173 00:09:18,366 --> 00:09:21,100 and watching your mother and father work. 174 00:09:21,100 --> 00:09:22,600 "What will you be giving 175 00:09:22,600 --> 00:09:24,333 to your brown-eyed children of the sun?" 176 00:09:24,333 --> 00:09:26,566 is that question of the future, for the future generation. 177 00:09:26,566 --> 00:09:30,566 ♪ Your children's eyes are smiling ♪ 178 00:09:30,566 --> 00:09:34,800 ♪ Their lives have just begun 179 00:09:34,800 --> 00:09:39,566 ♪ And what will you be giving to your ♪ 180 00:09:39,566 --> 00:09:45,466 -♪ Brown-eyed children of the sun? ♪ 181 00:09:45,466 --> 00:09:48,700 -We were born in a farm near Yuma, Arizona. 182 00:09:48,700 --> 00:09:51,966 That farm was a homestead that my grandfather homesteaded 183 00:09:51,966 --> 00:09:54,400 when he came to Yuma. 184 00:09:54,400 --> 00:09:59,666 ♪♪ 185 00:09:59,666 --> 00:10:02,333 But during the Depression, they lost it 186 00:10:02,333 --> 00:10:05,200 because they didn't have enough money to pay the taxes, 187 00:10:05,200 --> 00:10:08,366 and so we moved to California and became migrant farm workers. 188 00:10:08,366 --> 00:10:10,500 ♪♪ 189 00:10:10,500 --> 00:10:12,800 -Yeah, it was very hard when we left Arizona. 190 00:10:12,800 --> 00:10:14,600 And here we come to California. 191 00:10:14,600 --> 00:10:17,800 "Oh, my God," I said, "this is a different world for us." 192 00:10:17,800 --> 00:10:19,933 You know, from one field to the other, 193 00:10:19,933 --> 00:10:25,066 and a farm and living in a tent, in the car -- whatever we could 194 00:10:25,066 --> 00:10:26,966 'cause, you know, we didn't know any better. 195 00:10:26,966 --> 00:10:30,433 ♪♪ 196 00:10:30,433 --> 00:10:32,466 Cesar, he was always -- 'cause we worked in the fields, 197 00:10:32,466 --> 00:10:34,433 and he would say, "I'm so mad at these people. 198 00:10:34,433 --> 00:10:37,533 Look at the way they treat us. Somebody has to help us." 199 00:10:37,533 --> 00:10:40,266 -And I remember him clearly, clearly saying -- he said, 200 00:10:40,266 --> 00:10:42,466 "Somebody ought to do something about this. This is not right. 201 00:10:42,466 --> 00:10:45,466 Somebody ought to do something about it." 202 00:10:45,466 --> 00:10:49,433 Not knowing that four years later, he was gonna be the one 203 00:10:49,433 --> 00:10:51,333 who was gonna be doing something about it. 204 00:10:51,333 --> 00:10:53,466 And that's how it started, you know? 205 00:10:53,466 --> 00:10:55,833 -♪ You're a free man 206 00:10:55,833 --> 00:11:00,666 ♪ And this heritage is won 207 00:11:00,666 --> 00:11:04,200 ♪ That you can be giving 208 00:11:04,200 --> 00:11:11,933 -♪ To your brown-eyed children of the sun ♪ 209 00:11:11,933 --> 00:11:19,000 ♪♪ 210 00:11:19,000 --> 00:11:20,866 [ Song ends ] 211 00:11:23,100 --> 00:11:25,366 [ Up-tempo music plays ] 212 00:11:25,366 --> 00:11:31,066 ♪♪ 213 00:11:31,066 --> 00:11:35,866 -I first met Cesar in 1946 when I was 6 years old, 214 00:11:35,866 --> 00:11:39,366 and he was a running partner of one of my cousins 215 00:11:39,366 --> 00:11:40,400 there in Delano. 216 00:11:40,400 --> 00:11:42,066 They were bothpachucos. 217 00:11:42,066 --> 00:11:44,766 And I didn't know it at the time, but that was Cesar. 218 00:11:44,766 --> 00:11:47,833 -♪A los tiempos han cambiado♪ 219 00:11:47,833 --> 00:11:49,700 ♪Usted está muy aguitado♪ 220 00:11:49,700 --> 00:11:51,866 ♪Y está buti atravesado♪ 221 00:11:51,866 --> 00:11:53,900 ♪Antes se bailaba swing♪ 222 00:11:53,900 --> 00:11:55,966 ♪Boogie-woogie, jitterbug♪ 223 00:11:55,966 --> 00:11:59,666 -Thepachucoexperience, which was his teenage youth, 224 00:11:59,666 --> 00:12:01,933 was born out of this cultural fusion, you know? 225 00:12:01,933 --> 00:12:04,633 The jazz age and the swing music 226 00:12:04,633 --> 00:12:06,033 came together withChicanoculture 227 00:12:06,033 --> 00:12:08,000 to create thepachucismo,right? 228 00:12:08,000 --> 00:12:10,100 -It was an identity. 229 00:12:10,100 --> 00:12:12,866 It was the first generation of thoseMexicanofamilies 230 00:12:12,866 --> 00:12:15,033 who were coming to the United States, 231 00:12:15,033 --> 00:12:17,133 the first born who were identifying themselves 232 00:12:17,133 --> 00:12:19,666 as being totally different than their mothers and fathers. 233 00:12:19,666 --> 00:12:21,433 "I'm notMexicano. 234 00:12:21,433 --> 00:12:25,966 I'mChicano -- because I speak English, right? 235 00:12:25,966 --> 00:12:27,600 Orale." 236 00:12:27,600 --> 00:12:30,300 -He was of popular culture, man. 237 00:12:30,300 --> 00:12:33,133 He was no different than any other Latino kid 238 00:12:33,133 --> 00:12:35,766 growing up in the United States, you know? 239 00:12:35,766 --> 00:12:40,300 -He loved to dance. Oh, he loved to dance. 240 00:12:40,300 --> 00:12:44,233 -When I met Cesar, we were walking down the halls of KPFA 241 00:12:44,233 --> 00:12:46,733 over here on Shattuck Avenue in Berkeley, 242 00:12:46,733 --> 00:12:48,733 and there was a poster there 243 00:12:48,733 --> 00:12:51,500 that was for the San Francisco Blues Festival 244 00:12:51,500 --> 00:12:54,533 that was featuring Jimmy Liggins. 245 00:12:54,533 --> 00:12:56,433 And Cesar stopped and he looked 246 00:12:56,433 --> 00:12:58,466 and he goes, "Is he still around?" 247 00:12:58,466 --> 00:13:00,766 And I said -- I go, "You know who this guy is?" 248 00:13:00,766 --> 00:13:02,133 He goes, "Oh, yeah." 249 00:13:02,133 --> 00:13:04,233 He goes, "I used to go dance to him 250 00:13:04,233 --> 00:13:05,933 when I was a youngpachuco." 251 00:13:05,933 --> 00:13:07,400 I said -- I go, "You were apachuco?" 252 00:13:07,400 --> 00:13:08,533 He goes, "Oh, yeah, man." 253 00:13:08,533 --> 00:13:11,033 He goes, "And I love jazz and blues." 254 00:13:11,033 --> 00:13:13,766 He goes, "Coleman Hawkins is my man." 255 00:13:13,766 --> 00:13:16,000 -A lot of people have no idea 256 00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:19,100 that the leader of the farm workers' union 257 00:13:19,100 --> 00:13:22,033 was this guy that had this urban soul inside him, right? 258 00:13:22,033 --> 00:13:26,066 And that his taste in jazz music 259 00:13:26,066 --> 00:13:28,233 was probably the finest expression of that -- 260 00:13:28,233 --> 00:13:29,800 of that flower, you know? 261 00:13:29,800 --> 00:13:31,800 -I went on a trip with him to New York 262 00:13:31,800 --> 00:13:33,933 about a month before he passed away. 263 00:13:33,933 --> 00:13:36,966 During the day, we spent time going to different 264 00:13:36,966 --> 00:13:40,700 used music shops and used book stores, 265 00:13:40,700 --> 00:13:43,333 and he had a list of about 100 of -- 266 00:13:43,333 --> 00:13:46,800 you know, the top 100 jazz albums that he wanted to get, 267 00:13:46,800 --> 00:13:49,566 and he literally would carry it around in his back pocket 268 00:13:49,566 --> 00:13:52,466 and pull it out and cross it off as he would find them, 269 00:13:52,466 --> 00:13:54,233 as he would purchase new pieces. 270 00:13:54,233 --> 00:13:56,400 He really appreciated jazz. -Yeah. 271 00:13:56,400 --> 00:13:58,500 -And he used to scat with us all the time. 272 00:13:58,500 --> 00:14:01,133 We didn't realize that what he was doing was scatting. 273 00:14:01,133 --> 00:14:02,666 He would call us "skiddy bim bom" 274 00:14:02,666 --> 00:14:04,700 and "skiddy bop bop," and we just thought 275 00:14:04,700 --> 00:14:06,366 that he couldn't remember all of our names 276 00:14:06,366 --> 00:14:07,633 'cause there were so many of us. 277 00:14:07,633 --> 00:14:08,966 -♪Con mi linda pachucona♪ 278 00:14:08,966 --> 00:14:10,666 ♪Las caderas a menear♪ 279 00:14:10,666 --> 00:14:12,466 ♪Ella le hace muy de aquellas♪ 280 00:14:12,466 --> 00:14:15,900 -What I had perceived of him as a young zoot-suiter 281 00:14:15,900 --> 00:14:17,733 is not untrue. 282 00:14:17,733 --> 00:14:19,166 He was, but he is more. 283 00:14:19,166 --> 00:14:22,266 You can be that and a leader at the same time. 284 00:14:22,266 --> 00:14:24,200 The leaders can come out of that field. 285 00:14:24,200 --> 00:14:26,400 They don't have to come out of ivory towers. 286 00:14:26,400 --> 00:14:28,800 They can come out of the rocks and the soil 287 00:14:28,800 --> 00:14:30,800 and the sand of Delano. 288 00:14:30,800 --> 00:14:33,200 -♪Bailan guaracha sabrosón♪ 289 00:14:33,200 --> 00:14:36,400 ♪El botecito y el danzón♪ 290 00:14:36,400 --> 00:14:38,366 Ha! 291 00:14:38,366 --> 00:14:41,533 ♪♪ 292 00:14:41,533 --> 00:14:43,933 [ Mid-tempo music plays ] 293 00:14:43,933 --> 00:14:51,533 ♪♪ 294 00:14:51,533 --> 00:14:54,166 -I was part of the Community Services Organization, CSO, 295 00:14:54,166 --> 00:14:56,400 in Stockton, and there had been an accident 296 00:14:56,400 --> 00:15:00,133 and several farm workers had been killed --braceros. 297 00:15:00,133 --> 00:15:01,633 There were a lot ofbraceros in Stockton. 298 00:15:01,633 --> 00:15:03,700 It was one of the big centers where they brought -- 299 00:15:03,700 --> 00:15:05,933 I think the largest number ofbraceros,actually. 300 00:15:05,933 --> 00:15:08,733 And there were a lot of issues where they wouldn't pay them, 301 00:15:08,733 --> 00:15:10,300 where they were injured 302 00:15:10,300 --> 00:15:13,200 and, you know, nobody was taking care of them. 303 00:15:13,200 --> 00:15:16,066 And so we made that kind of an issue for the organization 304 00:15:16,066 --> 00:15:18,333 to try to raise money to help their families out. 305 00:15:18,333 --> 00:15:25,000 -♪ The paper said "Bring the Mexicans" in 1942 ♪ 306 00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:28,200 ♪ The men have left the fields for the war ♪ 307 00:15:28,200 --> 00:15:31,333 ♪ And there's too much work to do ♪ 308 00:15:31,333 --> 00:15:34,100 ♪♪ 309 00:15:34,100 --> 00:15:36,666 ♪ North cameel bracero♪ 310 00:15:36,666 --> 00:15:40,233 ♪ To work the fields and grow the food ♪ 311 00:15:40,233 --> 00:15:43,333 ♪ For the troops, the Allies, and the nation ♪ 312 00:15:43,333 --> 00:15:46,833 ♪ Truly a part of the greatest generation ♪ 313 00:15:46,833 --> 00:15:49,866 ♪♪ 314 00:15:49,866 --> 00:15:53,066 ♪ See the sack of potatoes 315 00:15:53,066 --> 00:15:56,666 ♪ The basket full of tomatoes 316 00:15:56,666 --> 00:16:01,300 -♪ See the man bending down with the short-handled hoe ♪ 317 00:16:01,300 --> 00:16:03,733 ♪♪ 318 00:16:03,733 --> 00:16:09,400 ♪ This is a song forel bracero♪ 319 00:16:09,400 --> 00:16:12,800 ♪♪ 320 00:16:12,800 --> 00:16:16,300 -As you're growing up, you see that you're just being asked 321 00:16:16,300 --> 00:16:19,366 to go out and slave yourself and get paid 90 cents an hour 322 00:16:19,366 --> 00:16:20,966 for working with one of the growers 323 00:16:20,966 --> 00:16:22,733 out there doing the short-handled hoe, 324 00:16:22,733 --> 00:16:25,033 and 80-degrees, 90-degree weather out there, 325 00:16:25,033 --> 00:16:27,100 hoping one day I'll be a tractor driver 326 00:16:27,100 --> 00:16:29,833 so I don't have to be bent over all my life. 327 00:16:29,833 --> 00:16:31,933 That was kind of my rude awakening 328 00:16:31,933 --> 00:16:33,400 to reality of life, you know? 329 00:16:33,400 --> 00:16:34,866 I was 11 years old. 330 00:16:34,866 --> 00:16:36,900 My parents had taken us shopping in Salinas. 331 00:16:36,900 --> 00:16:41,100 On our way back, a bus that was carrying 62braceros-- 332 00:16:41,100 --> 00:16:44,000 a converted flatbed truck, actually. 333 00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:45,633 They were going over the railroad tracks, 334 00:16:45,633 --> 00:16:48,033 and they got hit on the passenger side. 335 00:16:48,033 --> 00:16:50,966 The bus exploded into pieces. 336 00:16:50,966 --> 00:16:53,266 [ Electric guitar music playing ] 337 00:16:53,266 --> 00:16:57,233 ♪♪ 338 00:16:57,233 --> 00:16:58,600 For me, it was something 339 00:16:58,600 --> 00:17:00,466 that I'll never forget the rest of my life. 340 00:17:00,466 --> 00:17:02,733 It caused me to realize 341 00:17:02,733 --> 00:17:04,533 what this farm worker struggle was about. 342 00:17:04,533 --> 00:17:05,833 It's not just about toilets. 343 00:17:05,833 --> 00:17:09,566 It's about the respect and the treatment of workers 344 00:17:09,566 --> 00:17:12,700 that's important, you know, whether they're union or not. 345 00:17:12,700 --> 00:17:15,133 I mean, they're human beings. They got to be treated right. 346 00:17:15,133 --> 00:17:16,466 -♪ 28 347 00:17:16,466 --> 00:17:18,833 -♪ Near the Canyon de Los Gatos ♪ 348 00:17:18,833 --> 00:17:22,466 -♪ 14 -♪ When the truck van exploded 349 00:17:22,466 --> 00:17:26,000 -♪ 32 -♪ When the train hit that bus 350 00:17:26,000 --> 00:17:30,100 ♪ We died without our names 351 00:17:30,100 --> 00:17:34,333 This is just a song that I've performed for many years, 352 00:17:34,333 --> 00:17:39,400 but for the people where so much of the food is grown, 353 00:17:39,400 --> 00:17:43,100 they've actually lived this. 354 00:17:43,100 --> 00:17:46,766 You know, as a songwriter that writes narrative ballads, 355 00:17:46,766 --> 00:17:49,500 it's my job to write about these things. 356 00:17:49,500 --> 00:17:52,600 ♪ Bracero Memorial Highway 357 00:17:52,600 --> 00:17:56,366 ♪ Runs Soledad to Chular 358 00:17:56,366 --> 00:17:59,433 ♪ Through the fields where we worked ♪ 359 00:17:59,433 --> 00:18:03,200 ♪ And slept beneath the stars 360 00:18:03,200 --> 00:18:05,766 ♪♪ 361 00:18:05,766 --> 00:18:09,233 ♪Ver la bolsa de papas♪ 362 00:18:09,233 --> 00:18:12,900 ♪La cesta de tomates♪ 363 00:18:12,900 --> 00:18:17,300 ♪Ver al hombre agachado con su corto azedon♪ 364 00:18:17,300 --> 00:18:19,133 ♪♪ 365 00:18:19,133 --> 00:18:26,233 ♪Esta es una cancion para El Bracero♪ 366 00:18:26,233 --> 00:18:37,633 ♪♪ 367 00:18:37,633 --> 00:18:40,166 [ Song ends ] 368 00:18:40,166 --> 00:18:43,366 [ Mid-tempo music plays ] 369 00:18:43,366 --> 00:18:45,366 ♪♪ 370 00:18:45,366 --> 00:18:47,966 -After serving in the Navy during World War II, 371 00:18:47,966 --> 00:18:50,733 Cesar returned to the fields. 372 00:18:50,733 --> 00:18:52,466 And it was a time of great change in America, 373 00:18:52,466 --> 00:18:55,600 but too often that change was only framed 374 00:18:55,600 --> 00:18:57,400 in terms of war and peace, 375 00:18:57,400 --> 00:19:00,900 black and white, young and old. 376 00:19:00,900 --> 00:19:03,866 No one seemed to care about the invisible farm workers 377 00:19:03,866 --> 00:19:06,333 who picked the nation's food, 378 00:19:06,333 --> 00:19:08,400 bent down in the beating sun, 379 00:19:08,400 --> 00:19:10,900 living in poverty, cheated by growers, 380 00:19:10,900 --> 00:19:13,266 abandoned in old age, 381 00:19:13,266 --> 00:19:18,100 unable to demand even the most basic rights. 382 00:19:18,100 --> 00:19:20,600 But Cesar cared. 383 00:19:20,600 --> 00:19:22,766 And in his own peaceful, eloquent way, 384 00:19:22,766 --> 00:19:25,000 he made other people care, too. 385 00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:29,700 ♪♪ 386 00:19:29,700 --> 00:19:34,333 -I met Cesar -- I think it was in 1944 or '45. 387 00:19:34,333 --> 00:19:36,966 I lived in Delano, and he was a migrant worker. 388 00:19:36,966 --> 00:19:38,666 He used to follow the crops. 389 00:19:38,666 --> 00:19:41,100 I met him at a malt shop. 390 00:19:41,100 --> 00:19:44,400 ♪♪ 391 00:19:44,400 --> 00:19:47,566 He had always talked about organizing farm workers. 392 00:19:47,566 --> 00:19:49,500 He told me one day, "You know what, Mother?" 393 00:19:49,500 --> 00:19:51,666 He used to call me "Mother." 394 00:19:51,666 --> 00:19:56,866 "I want to organize workers, but I need your support 395 00:19:56,866 --> 00:20:00,066 because you know there will be no money coming in 396 00:20:00,066 --> 00:20:02,266 and it's gonna be a sacrifice." 397 00:20:02,266 --> 00:20:05,400 And I said, "I approve 100%," 398 00:20:05,400 --> 00:20:08,433 because I knew what it was to be out in the fields. 399 00:20:08,433 --> 00:20:13,766 ♪♪ 400 00:20:13,766 --> 00:20:16,866 I worked to support the family, because we had no money. 401 00:20:16,866 --> 00:20:19,733 ♪♪ 402 00:20:19,733 --> 00:20:22,766 We just had a little bit of savings that I had saved, 403 00:20:22,766 --> 00:20:26,633 and so after that ran out, I had to go to work. 404 00:20:26,633 --> 00:20:30,333 I mean, I did it because I believed in him, 405 00:20:30,333 --> 00:20:32,100 and that's what I wanted to do. 406 00:20:32,100 --> 00:20:34,733 I wanted him to continue organizing 407 00:20:34,733 --> 00:20:38,433 and help the people that we felt needed the help. 408 00:20:38,433 --> 00:20:40,333 -Whoo! 409 00:20:40,333 --> 00:20:42,933 -iQue viva la huelga 410 00:20:42,933 --> 00:20:45,400 y que viva Cesar Chavez! 411 00:20:45,400 --> 00:20:47,700 ♪♪ 412 00:20:47,700 --> 00:20:51,066 -A friend of mine, a trumpet player, Luis Gasca, 413 00:20:51,066 --> 00:20:55,100 asked me if I knew or had heard of Cesar Chavez, 414 00:20:55,100 --> 00:20:56,600 and I hadn't at the time. 415 00:20:56,600 --> 00:21:01,566 And he told me who he was and what Cesar was doing. 416 00:21:01,566 --> 00:21:04,300 Myself being a migrant worker, a field worker, 417 00:21:04,300 --> 00:21:07,233 picking cotton, chopping cotton, doing the field work, 418 00:21:07,233 --> 00:21:08,600 I was really intrigued about it, 419 00:21:08,600 --> 00:21:13,400 and I quickly wanted to be part of the cause, you know, 420 00:21:13,400 --> 00:21:16,833 and wanted to see what I could do to support. 421 00:21:16,833 --> 00:21:18,233 I'm honored and happy to say 422 00:21:18,233 --> 00:21:21,100 that it became a lifelong friendship. 423 00:21:21,100 --> 00:21:24,633 The world should know about Cesar andel movimiento. 424 00:21:24,633 --> 00:21:28,533 And music is a great vehicle 425 00:21:28,533 --> 00:21:32,266 to express our feelings, our thoughts. 426 00:21:32,266 --> 00:21:34,966 -♪ A un pueblo unido 427 00:21:34,966 --> 00:21:37,100 -Music has always been part of our history 428 00:21:37,100 --> 00:21:39,666 as far as our Mexican roots. 429 00:21:39,666 --> 00:21:42,466 Thecorrido goes all the way back 430 00:21:42,466 --> 00:21:46,533 to, you know, the Mexican Revolution of 1910. 431 00:21:46,533 --> 00:21:50,166 -♪En lo alto del la bruta serrania♪ 432 00:21:50,166 --> 00:21:53,966 ♪Acampado se encontraba un regimiento♪ 433 00:21:53,966 --> 00:21:55,500 -It was a musical broadside. 434 00:21:55,500 --> 00:22:00,066 It was a musical flyer that communicated stories 435 00:22:00,066 --> 00:22:02,633 and heroes of the Mexican Revolution. 436 00:22:02,633 --> 00:22:04,933 -♪Popular entre la tropa era Adelita♪ 437 00:22:04,933 --> 00:22:07,266 -So it's an easy fit for -- 438 00:22:07,266 --> 00:22:09,633 You know, fast-forward to theChicanomovement, 439 00:22:09,633 --> 00:22:11,733 the United Farm Workers. 440 00:22:11,733 --> 00:22:13,600 You get a couple of guys with a couple guitars 441 00:22:13,600 --> 00:22:15,366 on a flatbed truck going through the fields, 442 00:22:15,366 --> 00:22:17,366 just letting people know, "This is where we're at." 443 00:22:17,366 --> 00:22:21,266 -♪Viva la huelga en el field♪ 444 00:22:21,266 --> 00:22:24,833 ♪Viva la causa en la historia♪ 445 00:22:24,833 --> 00:22:29,800 -Thesecorridosspread not only here, but all throughout, 446 00:22:29,800 --> 00:22:32,533 you know, Aztlán, the American Southwest. 447 00:22:32,533 --> 00:22:35,100 There'scorridosthat were written about the situations 448 00:22:35,100 --> 00:22:38,666 of the farm workers in Texas, farm workers in New Mexico. 449 00:22:38,666 --> 00:22:40,500 So you had, you know, these bands that were 450 00:22:40,500 --> 00:22:43,900 basically just guitar and voices, man. 451 00:22:43,900 --> 00:22:46,833 Los Peludosout of the San Francisco Mission District, 452 00:22:46,833 --> 00:22:49,566 headed by Enrique Ramirez. 453 00:22:49,566 --> 00:22:51,500 You know, you have  Los Alacranes Mojados 454 00:22:51,500 --> 00:22:55,200 with "Chunky" Sanchez and those guys down in San Diego. 455 00:22:55,200 --> 00:22:57,366 -There was a lot of inspiration out in the fields, 456 00:22:57,366 --> 00:23:00,900 inspiration that we began to take and put into the music. 457 00:23:00,900 --> 00:23:02,600 And this enlightened the music, 458 00:23:02,600 --> 00:23:05,066 music that sings about the issues themselves, 459 00:23:05,066 --> 00:23:06,466 like"El Picket Sign," 460 00:23:06,466 --> 00:23:10,333 "Huelga en General," you know,"Bandera Roja," 461 00:23:10,333 --> 00:23:12,033 "No nos Moveran." 462 00:23:12,033 --> 00:23:14,533 These types of songs, they began to enlighten us 463 00:23:14,533 --> 00:23:17,900 and make us feel like we had some kind of power. 464 00:23:17,900 --> 00:23:20,300 -You know, and these songs that, you know -- 465 00:23:20,300 --> 00:23:23,033 ♪Chicano, soy Chicano♪ 466 00:23:23,033 --> 00:23:24,700 ♪ 'Cause I'm brown and I'm proud ♪ 467 00:23:24,700 --> 00:23:27,333 ♪ And I'll do it in my own way 468 00:23:27,333 --> 00:23:28,833 You know? All of a sudden, 469 00:23:28,833 --> 00:23:31,100 we're being motivated by these songs, 470 00:23:31,100 --> 00:23:32,600 and it's a generation, man. 471 00:23:32,600 --> 00:23:35,333 It's a generation of young people who are, 472 00:23:35,333 --> 00:23:37,000 you know, picking up on this 473 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:39,233 and being able to take it on. 474 00:23:39,233 --> 00:23:41,433 [ Indistinct conversations ] 475 00:23:41,433 --> 00:23:45,066 ♪♪ 476 00:23:45,066 --> 00:23:47,366 -Chicano! 477 00:23:47,366 --> 00:23:51,433 ♪♪ 478 00:23:51,433 --> 00:23:53,333 -The young generation was ready to go, 479 00:23:53,333 --> 00:23:55,766 especially after theChicanomovement came out. 480 00:23:55,766 --> 00:23:58,733 Everybody got all gung-ho about, you know, doing something, 481 00:23:58,733 --> 00:24:01,900 you know, for our people. 482 00:24:01,900 --> 00:24:04,100 ♪♪ 483 00:24:04,100 --> 00:24:07,200 -♪ Don't put me down if I'm brown ♪ 484 00:24:07,200 --> 00:24:09,333 ♪ Hear what I say 485 00:24:09,333 --> 00:24:12,733 -AsChicanos,we were looking for some identity, 486 00:24:12,733 --> 00:24:15,366 and that music was something that we could call our own. 487 00:24:15,366 --> 00:24:17,133 -♪ Hear what I say 488 00:24:17,133 --> 00:24:18,833 -Somebody's coined the term, 489 00:24:18,833 --> 00:24:21,300 that "Latin rock" or "Latin soul" -- 490 00:24:21,300 --> 00:24:23,800 that was the soundtrack of our lives. 491 00:24:23,800 --> 00:24:26,666 To this day, when I hear it, it does take me back to, 492 00:24:26,666 --> 00:24:28,433 you know, that wholeChicanomovement. 493 00:24:28,433 --> 00:24:32,500 That music just inspires you to want to help a cause, 494 00:24:32,500 --> 00:24:34,966 you know, be there and support it. 495 00:24:34,966 --> 00:24:38,033 -♪ Don't put me down if I'm brown ♪ 496 00:24:38,033 --> 00:24:39,333 ♪ Hear what I say 497 00:24:39,333 --> 00:24:42,466 -After being exposed to the farm workers 498 00:24:42,466 --> 00:24:45,300 and then hearing the news and also being at a lot of rallies 499 00:24:45,300 --> 00:24:47,466 where we were with a lot of our people out there, 500 00:24:47,466 --> 00:24:49,266 we created a song that says, you know, 501 00:24:49,266 --> 00:24:52,133 "Don't put me down if I'm brown." 502 00:24:52,133 --> 00:24:55,266 -In the 1960s, we all started getting more in touch 503 00:24:55,266 --> 00:24:58,066 with our own culture -- 'cause we grew up as Americans. 504 00:24:58,066 --> 00:25:00,033 You know, we were listening to the Beatles and Bob Dylan 505 00:25:00,033 --> 00:25:02,333 and Motown and everything else. 506 00:25:02,333 --> 00:25:05,866 And, you know, we started to feel our own culture 507 00:25:05,866 --> 00:25:08,000 and pride in our own culture. 508 00:25:08,000 --> 00:25:11,466 And that's when a lot ofChicanomusicians 509 00:25:11,466 --> 00:25:13,800 became more Latinized in their music. 510 00:25:13,800 --> 00:25:15,766 In the early days, we were doing surf music, 511 00:25:15,766 --> 00:25:19,133 rock music, British invasion, R&B, doo-wop, 512 00:25:19,133 --> 00:25:22,133 and suddenly we're starting to use timbales and congas. 513 00:25:22,133 --> 00:25:23,866 We're starting to do Spanish. 514 00:25:23,866 --> 00:25:25,400 We're starting to do bilingual 515 00:25:25,400 --> 00:25:28,266 and writing that way and singing about things 516 00:25:28,266 --> 00:25:29,966 to do with our culture. 517 00:25:29,966 --> 00:25:32,566 So, what better thing than Cesar Chavez 518 00:25:32,566 --> 00:25:35,300 and the movement to support and to write about? 519 00:25:35,300 --> 00:25:37,500 [ Indistinct shouting ] 520 00:25:37,500 --> 00:25:39,733 ♪♪ 521 00:25:39,733 --> 00:25:42,133 -It was a very politically aware time. 522 00:25:42,133 --> 00:25:45,866 It was -- Feelings were running high, you know? 523 00:25:45,866 --> 00:25:49,533 And people were ready to protest and see social change. 524 00:25:49,533 --> 00:25:51,766 They weren't going for the ol' "okie doke" no more, you know? 525 00:25:51,766 --> 00:25:53,333 -Yeah, yeah. -And they started to realize 526 00:25:53,333 --> 00:25:55,300 that they could make a difference, you know? 527 00:25:55,300 --> 00:25:56,900 And the music fit right in. 528 00:25:56,900 --> 00:25:58,600 -iViva la causa! 529 00:25:58,600 --> 00:26:00,100 -Thehuelgahad just broken out, 530 00:26:00,100 --> 00:26:02,700 and I didn't know anything about it. 531 00:26:02,700 --> 00:26:06,666 I went to Delano and arrived there New Year's Eve. 532 00:26:06,666 --> 00:26:09,733 I remember we pulled into Filipino Hall, 533 00:26:09,733 --> 00:26:12,666 and there was 2,000 farm workers packed into Filipino Hall. 534 00:26:12,666 --> 00:26:16,000 There was an energy in that Filipino Hall that, 535 00:26:16,000 --> 00:26:17,300 I mean, you can't really put your finger on, 536 00:26:17,300 --> 00:26:18,800 you have to experience. 537 00:26:18,800 --> 00:26:21,633 There was a spiritual energy that was really strong, 538 00:26:21,633 --> 00:26:24,100 and I was taken by it. 539 00:26:24,100 --> 00:26:26,333 And here I was at 17 years old, you know? 540 00:26:26,333 --> 00:26:28,700 And my hair was long, you know? 541 00:26:28,700 --> 00:26:30,733 I had Beatle boots on. 542 00:26:30,733 --> 00:26:32,866 Seeing that before my very eyes 543 00:26:32,866 --> 00:26:36,200 and seeing the reactions of people responding to the music 544 00:26:36,200 --> 00:26:38,733 and the spiritual energy that was taking place 545 00:26:38,733 --> 00:26:41,433 really took me in a whole different direction, you know? 546 00:26:41,433 --> 00:26:43,166 At the end of my two weeks, 547 00:26:43,166 --> 00:26:46,466 when I was supposed to leave, I never left. 548 00:26:46,466 --> 00:26:50,366 It was a sense of community, a sense of strength, 549 00:26:50,366 --> 00:26:52,066 and a sense of purpose. 550 00:26:52,066 --> 00:26:54,966 La causa,right?  -iCobardes! Cobardes! 551 00:26:54,966 --> 00:26:56,633 -♪Viva la revolucion♪ 552 00:26:56,633 --> 00:26:58,366 ♪Viva nuestra asociacion♪ 553 00:26:58,366 --> 00:27:01,433 ♪Viva huelga en general♪ 554 00:27:01,433 --> 00:27:04,166 -It's very important that we work day and night... 555 00:27:04,166 --> 00:27:05,733 -As a young teenager, 556 00:27:05,733 --> 00:27:08,566 I used to play a lot for the farm workers 557 00:27:08,566 --> 00:27:10,933 in small rallies that they used to do. 558 00:27:10,933 --> 00:27:14,066 We used to play when he would come up in a station wagon, 559 00:27:14,066 --> 00:27:16,466 and old station wagon, get up, and speak. 560 00:27:16,466 --> 00:27:19,500 -We want you to take out everybody in those fields. 561 00:27:19,500 --> 00:27:20,866 Wherever possible, let's make sure 562 00:27:20,866 --> 00:27:23,666 that the grapes turn into raisins on the vines. 563 00:27:23,666 --> 00:27:31,666 -♪La Raza llena de gloria♪ 564 00:27:31,666 --> 00:27:34,933 ♪La victoria va cumplir♪ 565 00:27:34,933 --> 00:27:36,933 -iViva la huelga! 566 00:27:36,933 --> 00:27:39,100 -[ Chanting ]iHuelga! Huelga! 567 00:27:39,100 --> 00:27:42,166 -When Cesar Chavez and when the whole farm workers 568 00:27:42,166 --> 00:27:46,666 movement begun, it was very exciting to know 569 00:27:46,666 --> 00:27:48,733 that we weren't just farm workers, 570 00:27:48,733 --> 00:27:50,833 but we were people 571 00:27:50,833 --> 00:27:53,133 who contributed to the wealth of this nation. 572 00:27:53,133 --> 00:27:56,566 And I started to -- I think it made all of us proud. 573 00:27:56,566 --> 00:27:59,933 -♪Cuando llegamos a Fresno♪ 574 00:27:59,933 --> 00:28:02,633 -I saw this little giant of a man 575 00:28:02,633 --> 00:28:05,766 walking and leading thousands of people. 576 00:28:05,766 --> 00:28:09,600 What that did for me, especially, and others, 577 00:28:09,600 --> 00:28:14,133 was, like, it lifted tons of weight off of my back. 578 00:28:14,133 --> 00:28:17,733 All of a sudden, it gave me a freedom. 579 00:28:17,733 --> 00:28:20,433 It gave me a freedom to speak through my work 580 00:28:20,433 --> 00:28:22,233 about those injustices 581 00:28:22,233 --> 00:28:25,000 that I had felt when I was growing up. 582 00:28:25,000 --> 00:28:27,766 When Cesar Chavez,  con la Virgen de Guadalupe, 583 00:28:27,766 --> 00:28:30,900 say, "It's okay, this is what we're supposed to be doing, 584 00:28:30,900 --> 00:28:32,266 this is what we should be doing," 585 00:28:32,266 --> 00:28:34,866 that energized all of us. 586 00:28:34,866 --> 00:28:40,266 ♪♪ 587 00:28:40,266 --> 00:28:42,000 We started to talk about the pride 588 00:28:42,000 --> 00:28:44,966 that was taking place at that particular time. 589 00:28:44,966 --> 00:28:49,966 ♪♪ 590 00:28:49,966 --> 00:28:52,566 And we started talking about identity 591 00:28:52,566 --> 00:28:54,633 and, "What do we do about the movement? 592 00:28:54,633 --> 00:28:56,300 What's our role in the movement? 593 00:28:56,300 --> 00:28:58,466 What do we do for the farm workers?" 594 00:28:58,466 --> 00:29:01,800 And we finally -- Our idea was that we would become 595 00:29:01,800 --> 00:29:05,466 the narrative to the farm workers' struggle. 596 00:29:05,466 --> 00:29:07,266 We would illustrate it, 597 00:29:07,266 --> 00:29:11,900 give it a pictorial narrative, you might say. 598 00:29:11,900 --> 00:29:15,000 -The essence and the start ofChicanoart 599 00:29:15,000 --> 00:29:17,633 was right there in the middle of the UFW. 600 00:29:17,633 --> 00:29:21,133 ♪♪ 601 00:29:21,133 --> 00:29:24,166 The painting by this man right behind me, Carlos Almaraz, 602 00:29:24,166 --> 00:29:27,400 who was actually the very first UFW sign painter -- 603 00:29:27,400 --> 00:29:30,133 he made backdrops and signs and everything for Cesar. 604 00:29:30,133 --> 00:29:32,433 He came back from New York, and he really wanted to get 605 00:29:32,433 --> 00:29:35,733 more into theChicanomovement, and he volunteered. 606 00:29:35,733 --> 00:29:38,566 ♪♪ 607 00:29:38,566 --> 00:29:42,400 -I remember Carlos coming to our movement at a time 608 00:29:42,400 --> 00:29:46,233 where we were just about to have our first founding convention. 609 00:29:46,233 --> 00:29:47,600 And we were looking for an artist 610 00:29:47,600 --> 00:29:50,200 to paint a mural to depict, 611 00:29:50,200 --> 00:29:53,533 you know, the trials and the struggles of the farm workers. 612 00:29:53,533 --> 00:29:56,600 I told Carlos that we needed a very large mural. 613 00:29:56,600 --> 00:29:58,000 And he said, "How large?" I said, "I don't know, 614 00:29:58,000 --> 00:30:01,266 but the Convention Center in Fresno is enormous." 615 00:30:01,266 --> 00:30:02,833 He said, "Well, we'll do something." 616 00:30:02,833 --> 00:30:04,433 When the mural was done, 617 00:30:04,433 --> 00:30:07,800 he asked me to come view it at the headquarters, and I went. 618 00:30:07,800 --> 00:30:09,366 And it took half of a football field. 619 00:30:09,366 --> 00:30:11,833 I could not believe how enormous it was. 620 00:30:11,833 --> 00:30:15,333 Sure enough, he got this 60-by-40 mural 621 00:30:15,333 --> 00:30:19,533 made out of heavy canvas, weighing several hundred pounds, 622 00:30:19,533 --> 00:30:23,200 up for the convention on time and looking very nice. 623 00:30:23,200 --> 00:30:25,633 ♪♪ 624 00:30:25,633 --> 00:30:29,900 And so we have a lot of memories of Carlos and his paintings 625 00:30:29,900 --> 00:30:33,066 and also memories of his great concern for the farm workers. 626 00:30:33,066 --> 00:30:35,733 ♪♪ 627 00:30:35,733 --> 00:30:39,166 -Cesar Chavez -- he recognized how important it is 628 00:30:39,166 --> 00:30:41,933 to be visually enriched, 629 00:30:41,933 --> 00:30:45,300 and audioly, too, you know, hearing things, 630 00:30:45,300 --> 00:30:49,400 music and poetry especially, 631 00:30:49,400 --> 00:30:54,366 and writing books like Jose Montoya, information. 632 00:30:54,366 --> 00:30:58,833 -"Hoy enterraron al Louie, 633 00:30:58,833 --> 00:31:03,866 andSan Pedro o sanpinche are in for it. 634 00:31:03,866 --> 00:31:09,166 And those times of the forties and the early fifties 635 00:31:09,166 --> 00:31:11,466 lostun vato de atolle." 636 00:31:11,466 --> 00:31:14,133 ♪♪ 637 00:31:14,133 --> 00:31:16,666 "Kind of slim and drawn there towards the end..." 638 00:31:16,666 --> 00:31:21,133 -Cesar would come to Sacramento and visit us in our studios 639 00:31:21,133 --> 00:31:22,866 and help us print posters, 640 00:31:22,866 --> 00:31:25,233 and, "Come on, Cesar, get busy." 641 00:31:25,233 --> 00:31:27,166 You know? [ Laughs ] 642 00:31:27,166 --> 00:31:30,066 "How you boys doing?" "Oh, good." You know? 643 00:31:30,066 --> 00:31:32,966 ♪♪ 644 00:31:32,966 --> 00:31:35,533 -Cesar was an incredible storyteller, 645 00:31:35,533 --> 00:31:38,100 and he knew that this was the only place 646 00:31:38,100 --> 00:31:40,266 he could let his hair down. 647 00:31:40,266 --> 00:31:42,366 And for Cesar, letting his hair down 648 00:31:42,366 --> 00:31:47,933 was just having an audience to hear stories 649 00:31:47,933 --> 00:31:51,000 that were not directly connected to the union 650 00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:55,700 but almost always were about the farm workers. 651 00:31:55,700 --> 00:31:59,533 -The Royal Chicano Air Force wasn't an organization 652 00:31:59,533 --> 00:32:04,700 of just artists that paint and that draw 653 00:32:04,700 --> 00:32:09,066 and that sing and that do murals. 654 00:32:09,066 --> 00:32:13,700 We translate the word "art" into a wider meaning, 655 00:32:13,700 --> 00:32:17,133 and that goes "the art of organizing." 656 00:32:17,133 --> 00:32:20,466 -For being such a sloppy outfit, 657 00:32:20,466 --> 00:32:25,033 we did produce some clean, clean masterpieces 658 00:32:25,033 --> 00:32:29,266 that are still to this day 659 00:32:29,266 --> 00:32:32,766 considered as close to high art as you can get. 660 00:32:32,766 --> 00:32:40,533 ♪♪ 661 00:32:40,533 --> 00:32:43,233 -The idea that kids now knew 662 00:32:43,233 --> 00:32:45,966 who certain people were in the movement -- 663 00:32:45,966 --> 00:32:48,233 they knew who Dolores Huerta was. 664 00:32:48,233 --> 00:32:53,566 They were seeing a reflection of themselves in our work. 665 00:32:53,566 --> 00:32:55,866 All of a sudden, we were validating 666 00:32:55,866 --> 00:32:57,333 that Indian side of us 667 00:32:57,333 --> 00:32:59,933 that we had sort of set aside for so long. 668 00:32:59,933 --> 00:33:01,766 ♪♪ 669 00:33:01,766 --> 00:33:04,366 We were beautiful people, and we had a history. 670 00:33:04,366 --> 00:33:05,700 And through our work, 671 00:33:05,700 --> 00:33:08,566 we illustrated that history as best as we could 672 00:33:08,566 --> 00:33:10,466 so that the kids could look at them 673 00:33:10,466 --> 00:33:13,033 and walk away from a poster, from a mural, 674 00:33:13,033 --> 00:33:14,833 and say, "You know, that's me up there," 675 00:33:14,833 --> 00:33:17,566 you know, or, "I can be that someday." 676 00:33:17,566 --> 00:33:22,666 ♪♪ 677 00:33:22,666 --> 00:33:24,866 -I want people to look at my work and say, 678 00:33:24,866 --> 00:33:26,633 "I know what he's talking about, you know, 679 00:33:26,633 --> 00:33:28,266 and it's speaking to me," you know? 680 00:33:28,266 --> 00:33:30,600 Or, "I disagree with what he's saying in that." 681 00:33:30,600 --> 00:33:33,200 I don't want people to look at my work and say, 682 00:33:33,200 --> 00:33:37,100 "Hmm, I wonder if it's supposed to be a red flower 683 00:33:37,100 --> 00:33:40,000 or if it's supposed to be a red sunset?" 684 00:33:40,000 --> 00:33:44,133 No, because I don't have that much time to talk with people. 685 00:33:44,133 --> 00:33:47,300 ♪♪ 686 00:33:47,300 --> 00:33:49,233 I want to see a painting that says, 687 00:33:49,233 --> 00:33:51,766 "You know, I can do it. I can change this." 688 00:33:51,766 --> 00:33:54,200 You know, "I can change the conditions around me." 689 00:33:54,200 --> 00:33:56,266 And I think that's the importance 690 00:33:56,266 --> 00:33:57,766 of work that empowers people. 691 00:33:57,766 --> 00:34:10,833 ♪♪ 692 00:34:10,833 --> 00:34:14,033 -Huelga. Viva la huelga. 693 00:34:14,033 --> 00:34:16,700 ♪♪ 694 00:34:16,700 --> 00:34:21,333 -Señor Chavez had asked that we don't eat grapes, 695 00:34:21,333 --> 00:34:23,100 so we didn't eat grapes at home. 696 00:34:23,100 --> 00:34:25,100 My son was about 9. 697 00:34:25,100 --> 00:34:29,033 ♪♪ 698 00:34:29,033 --> 00:34:33,433 He went to school, and they were serving grapes. 699 00:34:33,433 --> 00:34:34,966 He walked out of school. 700 00:34:34,966 --> 00:34:36,400 [ Laughter ] 701 00:34:36,400 --> 00:34:38,333 I said, "No, you have to go back." 702 00:34:38,333 --> 00:34:39,800 He said, "These are evil people." 703 00:34:39,800 --> 00:34:41,266 I said, "They're just ignorant." 704 00:34:41,266 --> 00:34:44,000 ♪♪ 705 00:34:44,000 --> 00:34:47,166 -In 1969, when I was working on the San Francisco boycott, 706 00:34:47,166 --> 00:34:51,133 working for $10 a week and $15 a week for food, 707 00:34:51,133 --> 00:34:53,233 living in a boycott house with other people, 708 00:34:53,233 --> 00:34:55,400 one of the last things I did that year, 709 00:34:55,400 --> 00:34:57,633 in October, was do a concert with Santana 710 00:34:57,633 --> 00:34:59,200 when their first record came out. 711 00:34:59,200 --> 00:35:01,633 So, we got Santana and his band. 712 00:35:01,633 --> 00:35:04,600 We got Mike Bloomfield and friends, 713 00:35:04,600 --> 00:35:08,366 Martin Ferrero, Shades of Joy, and the old Charlatans, 714 00:35:08,366 --> 00:35:10,766 and sold out and raised a lot of money. 715 00:35:10,766 --> 00:35:14,433 [ Cheers and applause ] 716 00:35:14,433 --> 00:35:18,300 [ Down-tempo guitar music playing ] 717 00:35:18,300 --> 00:35:20,433 -We marched together, you know, against Safeway 718 00:35:20,433 --> 00:35:22,766 in front of Woolworth's on Market Street. 719 00:35:22,766 --> 00:35:25,033 We did a few things together. 720 00:35:25,033 --> 00:35:28,933 We played concerts for him and the farm workers. 721 00:35:28,933 --> 00:35:32,366 Cesar Chavez taught us just how much compassion, 722 00:35:32,366 --> 00:35:34,833 how much kindness, how much patience, 723 00:35:34,833 --> 00:35:39,500 how much spiritual determination and conviction do you have. 724 00:35:39,500 --> 00:35:44,133 He would bring a dimension thatjuntos,together, 725 00:35:44,133 --> 00:35:46,300 we could make a change. 726 00:35:46,300 --> 00:35:49,533 -♪ Freedom 727 00:35:49,533 --> 00:35:52,066 ♪ Freedom 728 00:35:52,066 --> 00:35:54,666 ♪ So get up, stand up 729 00:35:54,666 --> 00:35:56,500 ♪ And let's celebrate 730 00:35:56,500 --> 00:35:57,800 Come on! 731 00:35:57,800 --> 00:35:59,833 -I'm a child of God that has a lot of conviction 732 00:35:59,833 --> 00:36:02,966 because I learned from the Black Panthers, 733 00:36:02,966 --> 00:36:04,633 I learned from Cesar Chavez, 734 00:36:04,633 --> 00:36:06,900 I learned from Harry Belafonte. 735 00:36:06,900 --> 00:36:08,133 I learned from a lot of people 736 00:36:08,133 --> 00:36:11,700 that you're either part of the problem 737 00:36:11,700 --> 00:36:13,233 or part of the solution. 738 00:36:13,233 --> 00:36:15,100 Ain't no in between. 739 00:36:15,100 --> 00:36:17,333 [ Electric guitar solo ] 740 00:36:17,333 --> 00:36:21,266 ♪♪ 741 00:36:21,266 --> 00:36:25,000 -We used music for the movement, you know? 742 00:36:25,000 --> 00:36:28,500 And then of course Jim was a lifesaver for us 743 00:36:28,500 --> 00:36:30,933 because he did these big concerts, 744 00:36:30,933 --> 00:36:34,933 you know, music concerts as fundraisers. 745 00:36:34,933 --> 00:36:36,500 And that's where we got a lot of the money 746 00:36:36,500 --> 00:36:39,333 to continue doing the work, you know? 747 00:36:39,333 --> 00:36:41,733 -I met with Cesar in this little office in Delano, 748 00:36:41,733 --> 00:36:43,333 and I told Cesar -- 749 00:36:43,333 --> 00:36:44,833 I was really into photography a lot. 750 00:36:44,833 --> 00:36:47,133 I said, "I want to be a photographer for the union." 751 00:36:47,133 --> 00:36:50,800 He says, "No, no. We have Joan Baez available. 752 00:36:50,800 --> 00:36:53,966 We want you to go out and do concerts and fundraisers." 753 00:36:53,966 --> 00:36:56,933 So, I said, "Okay." [ Laughs ] 754 00:36:58,466 --> 00:37:01,600 And so I did that for the next five years. 755 00:37:01,600 --> 00:37:04,233 [ Rock music playing ] 756 00:37:04,233 --> 00:37:07,700 ♪♪ 757 00:37:07,700 --> 00:37:10,666 I could go after any band I wanted to, and it was an era 758 00:37:10,666 --> 00:37:13,333 when the United Farm Workers Union movement 759 00:37:13,333 --> 00:37:15,900 was so supported by everybody. 760 00:37:15,900 --> 00:37:19,166 So, the bands would perform basically for free, 761 00:37:19,166 --> 00:37:21,133 and some of them even spent their own money. 762 00:37:21,133 --> 00:37:24,300 Kris Kristofferson was one of them. 763 00:37:24,300 --> 00:37:27,900 -I identified with the farm workers 764 00:37:27,900 --> 00:37:30,166 because of where I grew up. 765 00:37:30,166 --> 00:37:33,633 As soon as I knew that it was Cesar 766 00:37:33,633 --> 00:37:38,333 and that it was for the farm workers, I was committed. 767 00:37:38,333 --> 00:37:41,433 ♪♪ 768 00:37:41,433 --> 00:37:45,466 -Jerry Garcia and Crosby & Nash, Taj Mahal. 769 00:37:45,466 --> 00:37:47,766 I did one show at the Shrine Auditorium in L.A. 770 00:37:47,766 --> 00:37:50,533 with Cheech & Chong, Malo, and Tower of Power. 771 00:37:50,533 --> 00:37:52,233 Sold out at the Shrine. 772 00:37:52,233 --> 00:38:02,600 ♪♪ 773 00:38:02,600 --> 00:38:05,466 -So it was just the '60s, you know? 774 00:38:05,466 --> 00:38:08,000 I mean, it wasn't only sex, drugs, and rock 'n' roll. 775 00:38:08,000 --> 00:38:10,133 It was, you know, some high political times. 776 00:38:10,133 --> 00:38:12,666 It was conscious, the consciousness of the people 777 00:38:12,666 --> 00:38:15,733 and the heart, you know, that they showed 778 00:38:15,733 --> 00:38:18,800 to stand up and, like I say, 779 00:38:18,800 --> 00:38:22,200 make things right, you know, for the workers. 780 00:38:22,200 --> 00:38:24,333 -I was just always hearing horror stories 781 00:38:24,333 --> 00:38:26,600 about what's going on, and then all of a sudden, 782 00:38:26,600 --> 00:38:29,666 this Cesar Chavez shows up and things are getting done. 783 00:38:29,666 --> 00:38:32,200 I remember the guy just getting roasted in the press 784 00:38:32,200 --> 00:38:33,966 and roasted with politicians, 785 00:38:33,966 --> 00:38:37,466 but still the communities were really showing up. 786 00:38:37,466 --> 00:38:45,100 ♪♪ 787 00:38:45,100 --> 00:38:46,533 -These big benefits -- 788 00:38:46,533 --> 00:38:48,366 the farm worker benefits that we did at the time -- 789 00:38:48,366 --> 00:38:50,333 were just phenomenal. 790 00:38:50,333 --> 00:38:52,533 And all our buddies were doing it -- the Azteca, 791 00:38:52,533 --> 00:38:54,366 the Malo guys, Cheech & Chong, 792 00:38:54,366 --> 00:38:55,566 these guys that we were all 793 00:38:55,566 --> 00:38:57,533 running around the country with and stuff. 794 00:38:57,533 --> 00:38:59,533 There was no way in hell we were gonna miss this. 795 00:38:59,533 --> 00:39:03,533 ♪♪ 796 00:39:03,533 --> 00:39:05,033 -Oh, man, it was so exciting. 797 00:39:05,033 --> 00:39:07,733 The musicians were excited. The people were excited. 798 00:39:07,733 --> 00:39:09,200 You know, we were actually saying that this is 799 00:39:09,200 --> 00:39:12,066 what we're doing for those we love 800 00:39:12,066 --> 00:39:14,433 and those who were not being treated so well, 801 00:39:14,433 --> 00:39:16,600 and they knew that we could do something. 802 00:39:16,600 --> 00:39:18,033 You didn't have to beat people over the head 803 00:39:18,033 --> 00:39:19,733 to get them to do these things. 804 00:39:19,733 --> 00:39:21,866 The musicians came out and did it, you know? 805 00:39:23,866 --> 00:39:26,166 -I think, you know, the times affected the music, 806 00:39:26,166 --> 00:39:28,200 and the music affected the times. 807 00:39:28,200 --> 00:39:32,800 And just the whole idea of bringing rock musicians 808 00:39:32,800 --> 00:39:35,733 behind a movement -- 809 00:39:35,733 --> 00:39:37,600 it was really in vogue then, 810 00:39:37,600 --> 00:39:40,433 I mean, because it was a very effective thing. 811 00:39:40,433 --> 00:39:42,700 I mean, these farm workers' benefits -- 812 00:39:42,700 --> 00:39:45,033 I mean, it wasn't like, oh, some little -- 813 00:39:45,033 --> 00:39:46,966 you know, some tiny little concert in a park. 814 00:39:46,966 --> 00:39:49,133 I mean, there was thousands of people. 815 00:39:49,133 --> 00:39:51,666 You know, it made a big impact. 816 00:39:51,666 --> 00:39:53,100 -♪ I never... 817 00:39:53,100 --> 00:39:55,933 -Yeah, I did the first farm workers' concert way back then 818 00:39:55,933 --> 00:39:59,400 with Cheech & Chong and Azteca, Tower of Power, 819 00:39:59,400 --> 00:40:02,200 the very first one at San Diego State. 820 00:40:02,200 --> 00:40:05,233 -San Diego State. Yeah. Yeah. -Yeah, that was us. Yeah. 821 00:40:05,233 --> 00:40:06,966 Yeah, but it was a great show, and, you know, 822 00:40:06,966 --> 00:40:09,033 that was the very first, and then we went on 823 00:40:09,033 --> 00:40:10,466 to do many more after that. 824 00:40:10,466 --> 00:40:14,300 -♪ And the feeling, yeah 825 00:40:14,300 --> 00:40:15,633 -♪Suavecito♪ 826 00:40:15,633 --> 00:40:18,333 -♪ The feeling that I have inside ♪ 827 00:40:18,333 --> 00:40:20,833 -♪Suavecito mi linda♪ 828 00:40:20,833 --> 00:40:23,300 -Before I got in the band, I was cutting school 829 00:40:23,300 --> 00:40:26,100 and going out there to protest for the farm workers. 830 00:40:26,100 --> 00:40:29,600 I didn't speak Spanish, but I learned the word"huelga." 831 00:40:29,600 --> 00:40:31,633 It was amazing for me to be a part of that. 832 00:40:31,633 --> 00:40:35,833 We had the number-four hit in the nation with"Suavecito." 833 00:40:35,833 --> 00:40:37,266 I had so many emotions going through me 834 00:40:37,266 --> 00:40:38,533 at that time, you know? 835 00:40:38,533 --> 00:40:40,166 I mean, here I am, you know, a young kid, 836 00:40:40,166 --> 00:40:42,833 all these opportunities are right there. 837 00:40:42,833 --> 00:40:46,633 And I still had a social consciousness. 838 00:40:46,633 --> 00:40:51,066 My chest is filled with pride knowing that I was out there 839 00:40:51,066 --> 00:40:53,500 and became a part of the solution. 840 00:40:53,500 --> 00:40:56,833 It put a smile on my face that, you know, hasn't left really. 841 00:40:58,033 --> 00:41:01,100 -♪ La-ah-ah-ah 842 00:41:01,100 --> 00:41:04,266 ♪ La, la, la-ah-ah-ah 843 00:41:04,266 --> 00:41:06,166 -Can I get you to sing it now? 844 00:41:06,166 --> 00:41:09,233 -♪ La-ah-ah-ah 845 00:41:09,233 --> 00:41:13,600 ♪ La, la, la-ah-ah-ah 846 00:41:13,600 --> 00:41:16,100 [ Mid-tempo music plays ] 847 00:41:16,100 --> 00:41:18,600 -We wanted to make music. 848 00:41:18,600 --> 00:41:21,300 ♪♪ 849 00:41:21,300 --> 00:41:24,433 But at the same time, we wanted to make a statement, 850 00:41:24,433 --> 00:41:27,633 and those statements, yes, were around 851 00:41:27,633 --> 00:41:30,900 a lot of what was going on in that era, that time. 852 00:41:30,900 --> 00:41:35,000 -♪ Peace, everybody 853 00:41:35,000 --> 00:41:38,733 ♪♪ 854 00:41:38,733 --> 00:41:41,833 -My dad, who came from Saltillo, Mexico -- 855 00:41:41,833 --> 00:41:44,400 he ran away from home when he was 15, 856 00:41:44,400 --> 00:41:48,166 jumped on a ship that went to Alaska, worked in Alaska, 857 00:41:48,166 --> 00:41:51,066 but got on another ship that came to California. 858 00:41:51,066 --> 00:41:53,000 Well, the first jobs he could get to 859 00:41:53,000 --> 00:41:55,133 was working in the fields. 860 00:41:55,133 --> 00:41:59,233 We would travel to wherever the season was, go out there, 861 00:41:59,233 --> 00:42:02,133 and all the kids work in the fields picking the food. 862 00:42:02,133 --> 00:42:05,100 And we stayed in those little huts and stuff that -- 863 00:42:05,100 --> 00:42:07,966 well, you know, we didn't have housing and stuff. 864 00:42:07,966 --> 00:42:10,200 So this is why I can relate to all those things, 865 00:42:10,200 --> 00:42:12,966 because hey, man, I went through that. 866 00:42:12,966 --> 00:42:16,200 ♪♪ 867 00:42:16,200 --> 00:42:18,700 We said anytime that we were able 868 00:42:18,700 --> 00:42:20,833 to do anything for the farm workers, 869 00:42:20,833 --> 00:42:24,300 and do these concerts to raise money and awareness, 870 00:42:24,300 --> 00:42:25,400 we were there. 871 00:42:27,766 --> 00:42:29,833 -We were asked to come to this event 872 00:42:29,833 --> 00:42:32,566 that Cesar was doing, I think, at East L.A. College. 873 00:42:32,566 --> 00:42:35,766 It was on the football field, you know, the stadium there. 874 00:42:35,766 --> 00:42:37,466 And we came, and we were gonna -- 875 00:42:37,466 --> 00:42:39,433 I think we did a little skit. 876 00:42:39,433 --> 00:42:42,166 -It was just a day in the life of Cheech & Chong, you know? 877 00:42:42,166 --> 00:42:45,033 "Yeah, we're gonna go, you know, stand onstage 878 00:42:45,033 --> 00:42:48,000 with Cesar Chavez for a minute," you know? 879 00:42:48,000 --> 00:42:50,500 -The first time he saw us, he had this big smile on his face. 880 00:42:50,500 --> 00:42:51,766 And he was funny. 881 00:42:51,766 --> 00:42:53,866 And he had a sense of humor. [ Chuckles ] 882 00:42:53,866 --> 00:42:55,400 And it was cool. It was -- 883 00:42:55,400 --> 00:42:56,966 Me and Tommy, we were right at the height 884 00:42:56,966 --> 00:42:59,166 of Cheech & Chong's success, 885 00:42:59,166 --> 00:43:01,533 and Paris, Tommy's son, who's a little blond -- 886 00:43:01,533 --> 00:43:03,033 He's 40 now, you know? 887 00:43:03,033 --> 00:43:04,800 The first time I looked at this picture, like, 888 00:43:04,800 --> 00:43:06,300 "Whoa, man." 889 00:43:06,300 --> 00:43:08,466 You know? "We had a lot of hair, too." 890 00:43:08,466 --> 00:43:10,866 [ Laughs ] 891 00:43:10,866 --> 00:43:12,466 -Whenever we did a benefit 892 00:43:12,466 --> 00:43:16,400 or whenever we did an appearance on behalf of Cesar, 893 00:43:16,400 --> 00:43:18,966 there was always that noble feeling 894 00:43:18,966 --> 00:43:21,433 that you got inside that -- 895 00:43:21,433 --> 00:43:25,533 You never got that doing concerts, you know? 896 00:43:25,533 --> 00:43:29,400 You just got that from being part of a movement 897 00:43:29,400 --> 00:43:30,800 where it's helping people. 898 00:43:30,800 --> 00:43:32,766 ♪♪ 899 00:43:32,766 --> 00:43:34,433 -I remember San Diego State 900 00:43:34,433 --> 00:43:37,100 'cause Cheech & Chong was on before us. 901 00:43:37,100 --> 00:43:38,833 [ Both laugh ] 902 00:43:38,833 --> 00:43:40,366 And they cracked up the whole audience, you know? 903 00:43:40,366 --> 00:43:41,966 -They were great. Yeah. -They were great. 904 00:43:41,966 --> 00:43:44,266 -It was a big concert. -It was huge. 905 00:43:44,266 --> 00:43:45,433 -It was a stadium, a football stadium. 906 00:43:45,433 --> 00:43:48,600 -A football stadium. -And it was packed. 907 00:43:48,600 --> 00:43:50,433 Tower of Power was there. 908 00:43:50,433 --> 00:43:52,266 You know, Malo was there. -Yeah, a lot of people. 909 00:43:52,266 --> 00:43:55,300 ♪♪ 910 00:43:55,300 --> 00:43:58,366 For us, as a new, young Filipino/Latin rock band 911 00:43:58,366 --> 00:44:01,000 coming out of San Francisco, everything was exciting to us, 912 00:44:01,000 --> 00:44:02,866 and there was always opportunities 913 00:44:02,866 --> 00:44:04,400 to perform at concerts. 914 00:44:04,400 --> 00:44:07,633 And a lot of the performances that we did 915 00:44:07,633 --> 00:44:12,333 had to do with benefits and raising awareness and money 916 00:44:12,333 --> 00:44:15,066 for the cause of the farm workers back then. 917 00:44:15,066 --> 00:44:18,800 And I was pretty young back then and kind of naive, 918 00:44:18,800 --> 00:44:20,500 but now that I look back, you know, 919 00:44:20,500 --> 00:44:23,966 those were very important performances that we did. 920 00:44:23,966 --> 00:44:26,300 -[ Singing in Tagalog ] 921 00:44:26,300 --> 00:44:32,000 ♪♪ 922 00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:33,633 -We were from the Mission District, 923 00:44:33,633 --> 00:44:35,266 and it's a melting pot, 924 00:44:35,266 --> 00:44:37,766 and it's a melting pot of many, many bands, 925 00:44:37,766 --> 00:44:40,166 but what made Dakila a little different 926 00:44:40,166 --> 00:44:42,600 was that little Filipino element to it. 927 00:44:42,600 --> 00:44:44,933 I think just because, you know -- 928 00:44:44,933 --> 00:44:46,933 because of our cultural background, 929 00:44:46,933 --> 00:44:48,800 we felt that we should really, like, 930 00:44:48,800 --> 00:44:50,766 emphasize that just a little bit. 931 00:44:50,766 --> 00:44:54,833 -Back in 1965, there was a AWOC organization, 932 00:44:54,833 --> 00:44:58,366 which is the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, 933 00:44:58,366 --> 00:45:02,400 led by a Filipino activist, Larry Itliong, 934 00:45:02,400 --> 00:45:05,500 and he was the one that organized 935 00:45:05,500 --> 00:45:09,366 the actual strikes back then, and it was mostly Filipinos. 936 00:45:09,366 --> 00:45:10,733 -I mean, you can't talk about Cesar Chavez 937 00:45:10,733 --> 00:45:13,433 without talking about Larry Itliong, you know? 938 00:45:13,433 --> 00:45:15,466 It was those two men who really made the difference 939 00:45:15,466 --> 00:45:17,733 in terms of the farm workers' struggle in Delano. 940 00:45:17,733 --> 00:45:19,833 The history of Filipinos and who they are 941 00:45:19,833 --> 00:45:23,200 and how they represent a certain portion of this country 942 00:45:23,200 --> 00:45:24,466 still hasn't been told. 943 00:45:24,466 --> 00:45:27,266 That story has yet to be told. 944 00:45:27,266 --> 00:45:30,100 -So, not many people know that, you know, 945 00:45:30,100 --> 00:45:32,466 the Filipinos were instrumental 946 00:45:32,466 --> 00:45:34,966 in the birth of the United Farm Workers union. 947 00:45:34,966 --> 00:45:37,466 -♪ Pass it around -Liberty! 948 00:45:37,466 --> 00:45:41,333 -So, we were glad to be part of the benefit 949 00:45:41,333 --> 00:45:44,000 'cause we were part of that history. 950 00:45:44,000 --> 00:45:45,166 -Freedom! 951 00:45:45,166 --> 00:45:48,966 -[ Singing in Tagalog ] 952 00:45:48,966 --> 00:45:51,766 ♪ Pass it around 953 00:45:51,766 --> 00:45:54,166 Peace! 954 00:45:54,166 --> 00:45:56,800 [ Cheers and applause ] -Yeah. 955 00:45:56,800 --> 00:45:59,033 [ Mid-tempo music plays ] 956 00:45:59,033 --> 00:46:03,866 ♪♪ 957 00:46:03,866 --> 00:46:06,900 -I had a friend who lived in Beverly Hills 958 00:46:06,900 --> 00:46:09,700 who threw a birthday party for himself, 959 00:46:09,700 --> 00:46:13,900 and it was magnificently opulent, beautiful. 960 00:46:13,900 --> 00:46:17,400 Every kind of food, every kind of silverware. 961 00:46:17,400 --> 00:46:18,733 It was an incredible event. 962 00:46:18,733 --> 00:46:20,300 But after that party, 963 00:46:20,300 --> 00:46:22,866 I drove north from Los Angeles to Delano, 964 00:46:22,866 --> 00:46:25,900 ♪ Digging in your fields 965 00:46:25,900 --> 00:46:28,933 ♪ Pulling up your food 966 00:46:28,933 --> 00:46:32,000 ♪ No matter how I feel 967 00:46:32,000 --> 00:46:35,200 ♪ Don't do me no good 968 00:46:35,200 --> 00:46:38,900 And I went to see the food store of the UFW, 969 00:46:38,900 --> 00:46:42,266 and there was very little in it -- 970 00:46:42,266 --> 00:46:45,166 some soup, some beans, maybe some rice, 971 00:46:45,166 --> 00:46:47,733 nothing much. 972 00:46:47,733 --> 00:46:50,733 And the contrast between where I'd been 973 00:46:50,733 --> 00:46:53,433 and the food store of hardworking people 974 00:46:53,433 --> 00:46:55,166 that had very little in it 975 00:46:55,166 --> 00:46:59,100 provoked me to write the song "Field Worker." 976 00:46:59,100 --> 00:47:02,233 ♪ Came across your border 977 00:47:02,233 --> 00:47:05,233 ♪ Just to work for you 978 00:47:05,233 --> 00:47:08,400 ♪ I give you all I got to give 979 00:47:08,400 --> 00:47:11,533 ♪ What more can I do? 980 00:47:11,533 --> 00:47:14,500 ♪ Don't give me law and order 981 00:47:14,500 --> 00:47:15,900 I couldn't help it. It was -- 982 00:47:15,900 --> 00:47:19,100 The dichotomy was so, so stark. 983 00:47:19,100 --> 00:47:20,900 The difference was so amazing. 984 00:47:20,900 --> 00:47:23,333 I had to write it. I had no choice. 985 00:47:23,333 --> 00:47:25,500 ♪♪ 986 00:47:25,500 --> 00:47:27,266 I have a brand-new recording of it 987 00:47:27,266 --> 00:47:29,566 that I did live at Wembley Stadium 988 00:47:29,566 --> 00:47:31,666 in front of 80,000 people 989 00:47:31,666 --> 00:47:35,166 with Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. 990 00:47:35,166 --> 00:47:38,500 ♪ Digging in your fields 991 00:47:38,500 --> 00:47:41,533 ♪ Pulling up your food 992 00:47:41,533 --> 00:47:44,600 ♪ No matter how I feel 993 00:47:44,600 --> 00:47:47,666 ♪ Don't do me no good 994 00:47:47,666 --> 00:47:49,633 Every time I sing it, I get the same response -- 995 00:47:49,633 --> 00:47:52,000 because people understand what it's about. 996 00:47:52,000 --> 00:47:53,966 They understand it's a fight. 997 00:47:53,966 --> 00:47:57,000 Hardworking people have to fight for every scrap, 998 00:47:57,000 --> 00:47:58,700 for every dollar in this world. 999 00:47:58,700 --> 00:48:01,933 ♪ "Treat me like a human" 1000 00:48:01,933 --> 00:48:05,200 ♪ Is all I have to say 1001 00:48:05,200 --> 00:48:07,966 -♪ The man that I am working for ♪ 1002 00:48:07,966 --> 00:48:09,466 ♪ Won't let me get 1003 00:48:09,466 --> 00:48:19,433 ♪ Away-y-y-y-y 1004 00:48:19,433 --> 00:48:24,566 ♪♪ 1005 00:48:24,566 --> 00:48:27,900 [ Cheers and applause ] 1006 00:48:27,900 --> 00:48:30,500 [ Soft music plays ] 1007 00:48:30,500 --> 00:48:32,966 ♪♪ 1008 00:48:32,966 --> 00:48:36,300 -Look, there's, like, two things -- food and music. 1009 00:48:36,300 --> 00:48:37,700 People aren't gonna let go of that. 1010 00:48:37,700 --> 00:48:39,866 I don't care how it's delivered. 1011 00:48:39,866 --> 00:48:42,533 One way or another, they're gonna have to have it. 1012 00:48:42,533 --> 00:48:44,633 -Okay. Here we go. 1013 00:48:44,633 --> 00:48:47,600 -And music, to me, is... -Here we go. 1014 00:48:47,600 --> 00:48:51,166 -...the language of our planet, of our universe, 1015 00:48:51,166 --> 00:48:54,633 of our solar system, you know, of our cosmos. 1016 00:48:54,633 --> 00:48:56,933 I mean, you know, you can go anywhere in the world, 1017 00:48:56,933 --> 00:49:00,166 and before you learn the language, 1018 00:49:00,166 --> 00:49:01,900 you're already hearing the music. 1019 00:49:01,900 --> 00:49:04,233 ♪♪ 1020 00:49:04,233 --> 00:49:06,200 -♪ Big boss man 1021 00:49:06,200 --> 00:49:08,966 ♪♪ 1022 00:49:08,966 --> 00:49:11,966 ♪ Can you hear me when I call? 1023 00:49:11,966 --> 00:49:16,233 ♪♪ 1024 00:49:16,233 --> 00:49:18,533 ♪ Big boss man 1025 00:49:18,533 --> 00:49:20,833 ♪♪ 1026 00:49:20,833 --> 00:49:23,800 ♪ Can you hear me when I call? 1027 00:49:23,800 --> 00:49:28,466 ♪♪ 1028 00:49:28,466 --> 00:49:32,566 ♪ Well, you ain't too big 1029 00:49:32,566 --> 00:49:35,566 ♪ You just tall, that's all 1030 00:49:35,566 --> 00:49:40,666 ♪♪ 1031 00:49:40,666 --> 00:49:43,666 -♪ You got me working, boss man ♪ 1032 00:49:43,666 --> 00:49:46,466 ♪ Working round the clock 1033 00:49:46,466 --> 00:49:49,100 ♪ I want a little drink of water ♪ 1034 00:49:49,100 --> 00:49:51,666 ♪ But you won't let Jimmy stop 1035 00:49:51,666 --> 00:49:54,200 ♪ Oh, big boss man 1036 00:49:54,200 --> 00:49:56,400 ♪♪ 1037 00:49:56,400 --> 00:49:59,366 ♪ Can't you hear me when I talk? ♪ 1038 00:49:59,366 --> 00:50:02,200 ♪♪ 1039 00:50:02,200 --> 00:50:04,266 Talking to you, boss man. 1040 00:50:04,266 --> 00:50:07,966 ♪ I said you ain't so big 1041 00:50:07,966 --> 00:50:12,833 ♪ You just tall, that's all 1042 00:50:12,833 --> 00:50:15,100 Ah, what do you say? 1043 00:50:15,100 --> 00:50:19,900 ♪♪ 1044 00:50:19,900 --> 00:50:22,033 -I was like one generation on my mother's side 1045 00:50:22,033 --> 00:50:24,466 away from agrarian people. 1046 00:50:24,466 --> 00:50:27,266 We used to go and pick tobacco. 1047 00:50:27,266 --> 00:50:29,200 And we got sprayed in the fields, 1048 00:50:29,200 --> 00:50:33,066 so I had a lot of this stuff that I could relate to. 1049 00:50:33,066 --> 00:50:36,133 When I came to California, the relationship 1050 00:50:36,133 --> 00:50:40,266 between the owners of any kind of agriculture 1051 00:50:40,266 --> 00:50:44,366 and the people doing the work was appalling to me. 1052 00:50:44,366 --> 00:50:46,433 ♪ Big boss man 1053 00:50:46,433 --> 00:50:49,066 ♪♪ 1054 00:50:49,066 --> 00:50:51,766 ♪ You can't hear me when I call ♪ 1055 00:50:51,766 --> 00:50:56,133 -Why don't you hear me? 1056 00:50:56,133 --> 00:50:58,966 -♪ Big boss man 1057 00:50:58,966 --> 00:51:01,066 ♪♪ 1058 00:51:01,066 --> 00:51:03,933 ♪ You can't hear me when I call ♪ 1059 00:51:03,933 --> 00:51:06,366 -Ohh. That ain't right. 1060 00:51:06,366 --> 00:51:08,500 ♪♪ 1061 00:51:08,500 --> 00:51:12,800 -♪ Oh, you ain't so big 1062 00:51:12,800 --> 00:51:15,433 ♪ You just tall, that's all 1063 00:51:15,433 --> 00:51:17,233 -That's all. 1064 00:51:17,233 --> 00:51:23,433 ♪♪ 1065 00:51:23,433 --> 00:51:26,600 -And then when the opportunity came for me to be able 1066 00:51:26,600 --> 00:51:29,133 to basically put my money where my mouth is 1067 00:51:29,133 --> 00:51:30,966 and where my talent where I could do something 1068 00:51:30,966 --> 00:51:33,966 to help benefit people, I did. 1069 00:51:33,966 --> 00:51:35,633 -Yeah. -I think we got it. 1070 00:51:35,633 --> 00:51:36,833 -I do, I do, I do. 1071 00:51:36,833 --> 00:51:38,933 What do you think? Everybody okay out there? 1072 00:51:38,933 --> 00:51:40,933 -I got it, you know, and it's like I'm -- 1073 00:51:40,933 --> 00:51:43,733 nobody's supposed to be treated like that, you know? 1074 00:51:43,733 --> 00:51:47,300 And I saw that if something that I could do to help -- 1075 00:51:47,300 --> 00:51:49,866 you know, raise money, bring awareness -- 1076 00:51:49,866 --> 00:51:51,200 well, then, it was. 1077 00:51:51,200 --> 00:51:52,600 It was time not to eat grapes. 1078 00:51:52,600 --> 00:51:54,533 Grapes did not get eaten. 1079 00:51:54,533 --> 00:51:56,066 -iViva la huelga! 1080 00:51:56,066 --> 00:51:57,700 -iViva! 1081 00:51:57,700 --> 00:51:59,233 -iViva Cristo Rey! 1082 00:51:59,233 --> 00:52:00,466 -iViva! 1083 00:52:00,466 --> 00:52:02,800 -iViva la United States of America! 1084 00:52:02,800 --> 00:52:04,433 -iViva! 1085 00:52:04,433 --> 00:52:06,100 -iViva Mexico! 1086 00:52:06,100 --> 00:52:07,600 -iViva! 1087 00:52:07,600 --> 00:52:09,466 -iViva Cesar Chavez! 1088 00:52:09,466 --> 00:52:11,500 -iViva! 1089 00:52:11,500 --> 00:52:13,600 -Miren señores y señoras, 1090 00:52:13,600 --> 00:52:16,433 lo que les acabo de decir son mentiras. 1091 00:52:16,433 --> 00:52:18,866 Yo creo en el movimiento, yo creo en la peregrinacion, 1092 00:52:18,866 --> 00:52:20,766 yo creo en la huelga, que viva la marcha! 1093 00:52:20,766 --> 00:52:22,100 -iViva huelga! 1094 00:52:22,100 --> 00:52:24,800 -El Teatro Campesino, the kind of theater, 1095 00:52:24,800 --> 00:52:29,033 the agit-prop theater that they did off the side of a truck, 1096 00:52:29,033 --> 00:52:32,066 out in the fields was very, very well done, 1097 00:52:32,066 --> 00:52:35,433 in a language that was very, very direct 1098 00:52:35,433 --> 00:52:40,733 to the soul of the migrant, of the farm worker. 1099 00:52:40,733 --> 00:52:43,366 -We as artists had a purpose, and that purpose 1100 00:52:43,366 --> 00:52:45,833 was to be faithful to its audience 1101 00:52:45,833 --> 00:52:48,800 and to bring our stories, our theater, our plays, 1102 00:52:48,800 --> 00:52:51,333 our music to the people. 1103 00:52:51,333 --> 00:52:54,066 'Cause that's where it belonged. 1104 00:52:54,066 --> 00:52:56,166 -I grew up as a farm worker. 1105 00:52:56,166 --> 00:52:58,433 We came from Lordsburg, New Mexico, 1106 00:52:58,433 --> 00:53:01,366 and I was just a kid. 1107 00:53:01,366 --> 00:53:04,233 -Agustín Lira came out of the Teatro Campesino. 1108 00:53:04,233 --> 00:53:06,900 He was one of the founders of El Teatro Campesino 1109 00:53:06,900 --> 00:53:08,333 with Luis Valdez, 1110 00:53:08,333 --> 00:53:12,200 and he wrote songs about the farm workers' struggle, 1111 00:53:12,200 --> 00:53:16,633 one of the pillars of this  movimientomusic, you know? 1112 00:53:16,633 --> 00:53:18,533 -I was 18. 1113 00:53:18,533 --> 00:53:20,133 For a couple of years, I wandered around 1114 00:53:20,133 --> 00:53:23,266 from Fresno to Selma, back and forth. 1115 00:53:23,266 --> 00:53:25,800 I read a newspaper article 1116 00:53:25,800 --> 00:53:28,900 that said that the UFW was looking for volunteers, 1117 00:53:28,900 --> 00:53:31,500 and because I was homeless at the time, 1118 00:53:31,500 --> 00:53:33,133 that really sounded like a great deal to me 1119 00:53:33,133 --> 00:53:35,066 because it said that it was for a chance 1120 00:53:35,066 --> 00:53:36,866 to move up in the organization. 1121 00:53:36,866 --> 00:53:39,166 So, to me, that was like a clarion call. 1122 00:53:39,166 --> 00:53:42,300 I heard the bell, and I went to Delano. 1123 00:53:42,300 --> 00:53:44,800 ♪♪ 1124 00:53:44,800 --> 00:53:49,166 -By the time 1965 rolled around, I was in San Francisco. 1125 00:53:49,166 --> 00:53:51,166 I joined the San Francisco Mime Troupe. 1126 00:53:51,166 --> 00:53:54,433 We were performing in the parks. 1127 00:53:54,433 --> 00:53:56,300 I was taking part in the cultural revolution 1128 00:53:56,300 --> 00:53:58,533 that was the hippies. 1129 00:53:58,533 --> 00:54:03,600 But I began to receive these newspapers via my grandmother, 1130 00:54:03,600 --> 00:54:05,266 and she was sending us  "El Malcriado," 1131 00:54:05,266 --> 00:54:06,800 sending them to my dad, right? 1132 00:54:06,800 --> 00:54:09,333 And I saw"El Malcriado," and I said, "What is this?" 1133 00:54:09,333 --> 00:54:11,400 And it said something's happening in Delano, 1134 00:54:11,400 --> 00:54:13,200 of all places. I never expected anything 1135 00:54:13,200 --> 00:54:15,100 to happen in Delano. 1136 00:54:15,100 --> 00:54:16,333 And so when the strike broke out, 1137 00:54:16,333 --> 00:54:20,366 I had to go check it out, so I went to the strike. 1138 00:54:20,366 --> 00:54:24,000 And I began to get this idea of, "Maybe I can talk to Cesar 1139 00:54:24,000 --> 00:54:27,633 about a theater of, by, and for farm workers," you know? 1140 00:54:27,633 --> 00:54:30,733 -Compañero... 1141 00:54:30,733 --> 00:54:32,766 -So I came back to San Francisco, 1142 00:54:32,766 --> 00:54:34,500 and Cesar came to the Mission District 1143 00:54:34,500 --> 00:54:36,833 to raise money a couple of weeks later. 1144 00:54:36,833 --> 00:54:39,566 So I went to the rally, and I followed him all day, 1145 00:54:39,566 --> 00:54:43,133 and eventually over the Bay Bridge over to Oakland. 1146 00:54:43,133 --> 00:54:45,900 He was meeting a group ofcursillistas, 1147 00:54:45,900 --> 00:54:47,600 and they were singing this beautiful song, 1148 00:54:47,600 --> 00:54:49,866 I remember, and I'd never heard it before. 1149 00:54:49,866 --> 00:54:52,333 And so I waited until it was all over, 1150 00:54:52,333 --> 00:54:53,866 the meeting was all over, 1151 00:54:53,866 --> 00:54:56,766 and then I approached him and pitched him the idea. 1152 00:54:56,766 --> 00:54:58,000 He said, "Well, that's good," he said, 1153 00:54:58,000 --> 00:55:00,100 "Pero, you know, I want to be honest with you." 1154 00:55:00,100 --> 00:55:02,766 He says, "There's no money to do theater in Delano. 1155 00:55:02,766 --> 00:55:07,233 There are no actors in Delano. There's no stage in Delano. 1156 00:55:07,233 --> 00:55:08,366 There isn't even time to rehearse. 1157 00:55:08,366 --> 00:55:10,533 We're on the picket line night and day. 1158 00:55:10,533 --> 00:55:12,166 You still want to do it?" 1159 00:55:12,166 --> 00:55:14,200 And I said, "Sure.Que -- 1160 00:55:14,200 --> 00:55:17,000 What an opportunity.  Como que no?" 1161 00:55:17,000 --> 00:55:20,066 So I went to Delano, and I followed my heart. 1162 00:55:20,066 --> 00:55:22,100 And it was the right choice. 1163 00:55:22,100 --> 00:55:26,100 It was, uh -- It was like an explosion, you know, happening. 1164 00:55:26,100 --> 00:55:28,100 And I wanted to be right at the center of it. 1165 00:55:28,100 --> 00:55:32,633 And I packed up my stuff and moved 1166 00:55:32,633 --> 00:55:36,100 and began the rest of my life, so to speak, you know? 1167 00:55:36,100 --> 00:55:41,533 -♪ Llegando a los files Se ven los esquiroles ♪ 1168 00:55:41,533 --> 00:55:42,800 -One of those evenings, 1169 00:55:42,800 --> 00:55:45,033 we were sitting, talking about the possibility 1170 00:55:45,033 --> 00:55:46,533 of starting a theater group, 1171 00:55:46,533 --> 00:55:49,133 and I said, "Oh, okay." You know? 1172 00:55:49,133 --> 00:55:50,533 And that's how it started. 1173 00:55:50,533 --> 00:55:53,800 Then the following day, we started looking for recruits. 1174 00:55:53,800 --> 00:55:55,333 That's how we found Felipe Cantu 1175 00:55:55,333 --> 00:55:56,500 and some of our other performers. 1176 00:55:56,500 --> 00:55:58,366 They were scabs. They were breaking the strike. 1177 00:55:58,366 --> 00:56:00,633 And we pulled them out of the fields 1178 00:56:00,633 --> 00:56:02,400 and brought them in to work with us. 1179 00:56:02,400 --> 00:56:04,266 -How you doing there, boy? -Hello, Jack. How are you? 1180 00:56:04,266 --> 00:56:05,566 -How you doing? Fine. -Yes, fine. 1181 00:56:05,566 --> 00:56:07,533 -Whoever was involved with us, wherever they came, 1182 00:56:07,533 --> 00:56:09,233 whatever their perspective was, 1183 00:56:09,233 --> 00:56:11,933 what they experienced was also seen on stage. 1184 00:56:11,933 --> 00:56:13,666 -I know what's good for all of you people. 1185 00:56:13,666 --> 00:56:15,633 -A lot of them felt that they were contributing 1186 00:56:15,633 --> 00:56:19,900 to the evolution of the union by being part of the Teatro. 1187 00:56:19,900 --> 00:56:22,000 -There is no strike. -Ohh! 1188 00:56:22,000 --> 00:56:23,800 -Huelga! 1189 00:56:23,800 --> 00:56:27,033 -♪Solo queremos lo justo♪ 1190 00:56:27,033 --> 00:56:31,033 ♪Y la dignidad del hombre♪ 1191 00:56:31,033 --> 00:56:32,666 -Well, you'll never work for me again. 1192 00:56:32,666 --> 00:56:35,000 -It was a continual workshop, 1193 00:56:35,000 --> 00:56:37,600 working the material over and over at night. 1194 00:56:37,600 --> 00:56:40,300 So many times, by 2:00 in the morning, we were still up, 1195 00:56:40,300 --> 00:56:44,666 and we were up at 4:00 or 4:30 in the morning to go picket. 1196 00:56:44,666 --> 00:56:48,700 -♪Hasta Mexico ha llegado♪ 1197 00:56:48,700 --> 00:56:51,166 ♪La noticia muy alegre♪ 1198 00:56:51,166 --> 00:56:53,833 ♪Que Delano es diferente♪ 1199 00:56:53,833 --> 00:56:56,833 -First and foremost, I say what probably shaped the Teatro 1200 00:56:56,833 --> 00:56:58,666 was the march to Sacramento. 1201 00:56:58,666 --> 00:57:01,633 Cesar came up with the idea of marching to Sacramento, right? 1202 00:57:01,633 --> 00:57:06,466 For 25 days, we would march from Delano to Ducor, 1203 00:57:06,466 --> 00:57:07,966 you know, Ducor to Porterville. 1204 00:57:07,966 --> 00:57:10,233 It was 20 miles, 20 miles. 1205 00:57:10,233 --> 00:57:13,833 We'd set up in the park or whatever they had, you know, 1206 00:57:13,833 --> 00:57:16,400 and put up the truck, and then thecampesinoswould arrive 1207 00:57:16,400 --> 00:57:18,666 and the march would arrive and we'd have the rally, right? 1208 00:57:18,666 --> 00:57:22,066 Which would go into the night, every night for 25 nights. 1209 00:57:22,066 --> 00:57:23,700 And the Teatro would perform theactos 1210 00:57:23,700 --> 00:57:25,333 that we had put together by then. 1211 00:57:25,333 --> 00:57:27,600 -Chuckball over here is Mr. Ravioli, 1212 00:57:27,600 --> 00:57:29,466 president of Bank of America. 1213 00:57:29,466 --> 00:57:31,066 [ Laughter ] 1214 00:57:31,066 --> 00:57:33,633 -And so that gave us some real solidity, you know? 1215 00:57:33,633 --> 00:57:36,400 We became a teatro because of repetition, 1216 00:57:36,400 --> 00:57:37,800 and also because of reputation. 1217 00:57:37,800 --> 00:57:40,366 Campesinosand people in the union began to see 1218 00:57:40,366 --> 00:57:42,533 that we were part of the movement, right? 1219 00:57:42,533 --> 00:57:46,000 ♪♪ 1220 00:57:46,000 --> 00:57:47,933 -Cesar stopped me, and he says, "Agustín, you know, 1221 00:57:47,933 --> 00:57:49,433 do you think you have the time 1222 00:57:49,433 --> 00:57:52,200 to put a song together for the march?" 1223 00:57:52,200 --> 00:57:53,666 And by the second day of the march, 1224 00:57:53,666 --> 00:57:56,500 we performed "La Peregrinacion," "The Pilgrimage." 1225 00:57:56,500 --> 00:58:01,533 -♪Y que yo he de decir♪ 1226 00:58:01,533 --> 00:58:06,733 ♪Que yo estoy cansado♪ 1227 00:58:06,733 --> 00:58:12,500 ♪Que el camino es largo♪ 1228 00:58:12,500 --> 00:58:16,800 ♪No se ve el fin♪ 1229 00:58:16,800 --> 00:58:19,333 -At the capitol steps in Sacramento, 1230 00:58:19,333 --> 00:58:21,433 there were over 10,000 people, 1231 00:58:21,433 --> 00:58:24,200 and it was one of the greatest moments of my life 1232 00:58:24,200 --> 00:58:27,033 to perform there. 1233 00:58:27,033 --> 00:58:31,833 ♪Y my alma grita♪ 1234 00:58:31,833 --> 00:58:36,266 ♪"Tu no puedes descansar"♪ 1235 00:58:36,266 --> 00:58:40,000 Standing there and performing was just electric. 1236 00:58:40,000 --> 00:58:42,666 It was wonderful. 1237 00:58:42,666 --> 00:58:47,866 ♪Desde Delano voy♪ 1238 00:58:47,866 --> 00:58:58,600 ♪Hasta Sacramento♪ 1239 00:58:58,600 --> 00:59:00,466 ♪Mis derechos♪ 1240 00:59:00,466 --> 00:59:09,933 ♪A pelear♪ 1241 00:59:09,933 --> 00:59:14,800 [ Cheers and applause ] 1242 00:59:14,800 --> 00:59:17,866 -We're going to go eastbound from 40 Acres... 1243 00:59:17,866 --> 00:59:19,700 [ Police radio chatter ] 1244 00:59:19,700 --> 00:59:21,800 -Well, one of the important obstacles that we had to face 1245 00:59:21,800 --> 00:59:24,966 was that we knew that we were gonna face a lot of violence. 1246 00:59:24,966 --> 00:59:28,100 When the strike first broke out, on those picket lines, 1247 00:59:28,100 --> 00:59:31,133 you know, having rifles aimed at you, 1248 00:59:31,133 --> 00:59:33,866 having people come at you with 2x4s, 1249 00:59:33,866 --> 00:59:36,566 having to worry about 1250 00:59:36,566 --> 00:59:39,466 you're gonna be run down by a car or a truck -- 1251 00:59:39,466 --> 00:59:41,033 'cause they would aim the trucks at you. 1252 00:59:41,033 --> 00:59:44,200 So, all of the stuff that was going on really made 1253 00:59:44,200 --> 00:59:48,133 that commitment to nonviolence very, very important. 1254 00:59:48,133 --> 00:59:50,500 -When I went to the Delano, I saw the danger right away 1255 00:59:50,500 --> 00:59:52,700 because on the picket lines you can't hide it, 1256 00:59:52,700 --> 00:59:55,566 and I was really freaked out to see the possibility 1257 00:59:55,566 --> 00:59:57,533 of getting killed, you know, by the police, 1258 00:59:57,533 --> 00:59:59,533 of by being hurt by the opposition, 1259 00:59:59,533 --> 01:00:01,800 because it didn't seem like there were any measures there 1260 01:00:01,800 --> 01:00:03,733 to stop them or to pull them back. 1261 01:00:03,733 --> 01:00:05,466 They did whatever they wanted to us. 1262 01:00:05,466 --> 01:00:10,700 ♪♪ 1263 01:00:10,700 --> 01:00:14,133 -When I was with Cesar and we were working, 1264 01:00:14,133 --> 01:00:19,100 it was so difficult and so frightening and so hot. 1265 01:00:19,100 --> 01:00:21,566 But I think the deciding factor 1266 01:00:21,566 --> 01:00:22,633 in whether you're gonna make 1267 01:00:22,633 --> 01:00:25,400 real social change or not is risk. 1268 01:00:25,400 --> 01:00:26,966 Are you willing to take a risk? 1269 01:00:26,966 --> 01:00:31,000 And the farm workers took the risks. 1270 01:00:31,000 --> 01:00:33,800 ♪Gracias a la vida♪ 1271 01:00:33,800 --> 01:00:35,433 ♪Que me ha dado tanto♪ 1272 01:00:35,433 --> 01:00:40,500 -Joan Baez, as an icon of the American folk movement, 1273 01:00:40,500 --> 01:00:43,800 as someone who was a part of a movement 1274 01:00:43,800 --> 01:00:47,500 that really inspired the Civil Rights Movement, 1275 01:00:47,500 --> 01:00:49,700 the free speech movement, 1276 01:00:49,700 --> 01:00:52,566 by the fact that she was a troubadour 1277 01:00:52,566 --> 01:00:56,866 utilizing songs to bring about positive change, 1278 01:00:56,866 --> 01:00:59,433 she really lent a lot of credence 1279 01:00:59,433 --> 01:01:03,500 to the United Farm Workers union to other American musicians. 1280 01:01:03,500 --> 01:01:07,833 -♪Me ha dado la risa y me ha dado el llanto♪ 1281 01:01:07,833 --> 01:01:11,166 I've always been the happiest when I was doing activism 1282 01:01:11,166 --> 01:01:13,000 and music at the same time. 1283 01:01:13,000 --> 01:01:17,233 And my foundation was and is nonviolence. 1284 01:01:17,233 --> 01:01:20,433 I'm not interested in being involved in anything else. 1285 01:01:20,433 --> 01:01:24,433 So that was an obvious place for me to be, with Cesar. 1286 01:01:24,433 --> 01:01:26,900 -♪Gracias a la vida♪ 1287 01:01:26,900 --> 01:01:32,900 ♪Que me ha dado tanto♪ 1288 01:01:32,900 --> 01:01:35,100 [ Song ends ] 1289 01:01:35,100 --> 01:01:37,566 -Look at little Cesar! Hey, Cesar, you smell! 1290 01:01:37,566 --> 01:01:40,133 I can smell you right here, you communist bum! 1291 01:01:40,133 --> 01:01:42,433 -You know, when he faced up to the growers 1292 01:01:42,433 --> 01:01:43,966 and when the trouble came at him -- 1293 01:01:43,966 --> 01:01:46,066 because it used to come at him a lot -- 1294 01:01:46,066 --> 01:01:47,966 he would stand there very strong. 1295 01:01:47,966 --> 01:01:49,733 Because people wanted to kill him. 1296 01:01:49,733 --> 01:01:52,033 They wanted to put him under, and especially at the beginning. 1297 01:01:52,033 --> 01:01:54,766 At the beginning, they wanted to play really tough with him. 1298 01:01:54,766 --> 01:01:56,066 -It's not a difference of opinion, Sheriff. 1299 01:01:56,066 --> 01:01:58,666 They're coming -- It's a paid damn plan to come 1300 01:01:58,666 --> 01:01:59,966 and beat the hell out of us. 1301 01:01:59,966 --> 01:02:02,833 They're gonna stop this strike at all costs. 1302 01:02:02,833 --> 01:02:06,933 -The big heart makes for the courageous action. 1303 01:02:06,933 --> 01:02:12,500 His courage was such that he would be the person 1304 01:02:12,500 --> 01:02:16,733 to send against the brutes, 1305 01:02:16,733 --> 01:02:18,800 against the dogs, 1306 01:02:18,800 --> 01:02:20,700 just like Martin Luther King. 1307 01:02:20,700 --> 01:02:22,133 -They don't care whether they're strikers or not. 1308 01:02:22,133 --> 01:02:23,633 As long as they're Mexicans, they're stopping them 1309 01:02:23,633 --> 01:02:25,100 and beating them up in the streets. 1310 01:02:25,100 --> 01:02:27,866 -This man -- he got a big stick, you know? 1311 01:02:27,866 --> 01:02:29,433 Bigger than my neck. 1312 01:02:29,433 --> 01:02:33,366 And he hit me across the head three times. 1313 01:02:33,366 --> 01:02:35,566 [ Indistinct shouting ] 1314 01:02:35,566 --> 01:02:38,066 [ Rock music playing ] 1315 01:02:38,066 --> 01:02:50,333 ♪♪ 1316 01:02:50,333 --> 01:02:53,433 -First of all, you had to deal with the humiliation 1317 01:02:53,433 --> 01:02:57,966 of getting your ass kicked and not being able to respond. 1318 01:02:57,966 --> 01:02:59,633 You got to take it. 1319 01:02:59,633 --> 01:03:01,433 That's a tough one. 1320 01:03:01,433 --> 01:03:02,900 -In Delano, we were also infiltrated, 1321 01:03:02,900 --> 01:03:04,933 so we were threatened that way. 1322 01:03:04,933 --> 01:03:10,633 ♪♪ 1323 01:03:10,633 --> 01:03:13,166 And we didn't know how insidious it was 1324 01:03:13,166 --> 01:03:15,866 and why we were being infiltrated to that degree. 1325 01:03:15,866 --> 01:03:17,600 You know? I said, "Why? 1326 01:03:17,600 --> 01:03:19,066 We're not teaching people to be violent. 1327 01:03:19,066 --> 01:03:20,900 We're not teaching anybody to go take guns out there 1328 01:03:20,900 --> 01:03:22,766 and to shoot the cops down. 1329 01:03:22,766 --> 01:03:25,566 On the contrary. That's not our message at all." 1330 01:03:25,566 --> 01:03:27,233 Our message was nonviolence. 1331 01:03:27,233 --> 01:03:30,766 -It came at us, you know? I mean, it -- 1332 01:03:30,766 --> 01:03:34,833 And in many forms. I mean, I had -- 1333 01:03:34,833 --> 01:03:38,100 For doing Teatro, I had guns pulled on me. 1334 01:03:38,100 --> 01:03:41,700 I had a loaded gun pointed to my head at one point. 1335 01:03:41,700 --> 01:03:45,966 And a grower's son said, "All right, act, MF'er." 1336 01:03:45,966 --> 01:03:48,833 You know? "Act." 1337 01:03:48,833 --> 01:03:50,700 And the thing is that, at that point, 1338 01:03:50,700 --> 01:03:53,433 you find yourself questioning everything. 1339 01:03:53,433 --> 01:03:54,866 And you don't want to be a fool. 1340 01:03:54,866 --> 01:03:56,100 You know, you want to be -- 1341 01:03:56,100 --> 01:03:58,600 You don't want to die. That's for damn sure. 1342 01:03:58,600 --> 01:04:00,666 But you don't want to be a coward, either, you know? 1343 01:04:00,666 --> 01:04:04,566 So, it's a -- You -- 1344 01:04:04,566 --> 01:04:07,966 So many emotions well up that it's incredible. 1345 01:04:07,966 --> 01:04:09,366 It's an incredible experience. 1346 01:04:09,366 --> 01:04:12,000 All of that is nonviolence, is what I'm saying, right? 1347 01:04:12,000 --> 01:04:14,266 -Right down the street about 200 yards here, 1348 01:04:14,266 --> 01:04:18,066 Nagi Daifallah, an Arab member of our union, was killed, 1349 01:04:18,066 --> 01:04:21,366 and then two officers dragged him on the ground and left him. 1350 01:04:21,366 --> 01:04:23,900 All summer long, the police have used excessive force. 1351 01:04:23,900 --> 01:04:26,133 And now they've killed one of our Arab brothers. 1352 01:04:26,133 --> 01:04:29,466 And it was inevitable because the police here are racist, 1353 01:04:29,466 --> 01:04:31,466 and if you have someone that they're dealing with 1354 01:04:31,466 --> 01:04:33,533 that has a different color skin than themselves, 1355 01:04:33,533 --> 01:04:34,866 they beat the hell out of them. 1356 01:04:34,866 --> 01:04:40,833 ♪♪ 1357 01:04:40,833 --> 01:04:44,533 -You hear just the horror story after horror story, 1358 01:04:44,533 --> 01:04:48,200 but here's one that ended in the deaths of two people 1359 01:04:48,200 --> 01:04:51,066 who were workers, you know? 1360 01:04:51,066 --> 01:04:56,700 And it was important that they did not pass out of this life 1361 01:04:56,700 --> 01:04:59,900 without people heralding who they were. 1362 01:04:59,900 --> 01:05:02,466 [ Thumb piano playing ] 1363 01:05:02,466 --> 01:05:10,666 ♪♪ 1364 01:05:10,666 --> 01:05:13,700 I brought that thumb piano. 1365 01:05:13,700 --> 01:05:17,266 I was trying to bring a kind of, if you will, 1366 01:05:17,266 --> 01:05:19,466 angelic sound presence, 1367 01:05:19,466 --> 01:05:21,300 a light, ethereal sound -- 1368 01:05:21,300 --> 01:05:24,566 you know, to these guys whose spirits were, 1369 01:05:24,566 --> 01:05:27,633 you know, just taken out of their bodies like that. 1370 01:05:27,633 --> 01:05:30,033 You don't get to take our people like that. 1371 01:05:30,033 --> 01:05:32,366 You understand what I mean? Our people. 1372 01:05:32,366 --> 01:05:34,766 You know, you don't get to take us like that. 1373 01:05:34,766 --> 01:05:38,166 No. Not if it's my day. I'm gonna be there. 1374 01:05:38,166 --> 01:05:45,466 -♪ When the crops are all in and the lettuce is rotting ♪ 1375 01:05:45,466 --> 01:05:51,733 ♪ The oranges are piled in their creosote dumps ♪ 1376 01:05:51,733 --> 01:05:57,533 ♪ Flying them off to that Mexican border ♪ 1377 01:05:57,533 --> 01:06:06,233 ♪ To pay all their money and way back again ♪ 1378 01:06:06,233 --> 01:06:13,200 ♪ My father's own father, he waded that river ♪ 1379 01:06:13,200 --> 01:06:19,166 ♪ They took all the money he made in his life ♪ 1380 01:06:19,166 --> 01:06:25,800 ♪ My brothers and sisters went working the fruit trees ♪ 1381 01:06:25,800 --> 01:06:34,133 ♪ They rode on that truck till they lay down and died ♪ 1382 01:06:34,133 --> 01:06:37,066 ♪ Goodbye to my Juan 1383 01:06:37,066 --> 01:06:41,233 There was a man, an older man, who was shot and killed. 1384 01:06:41,233 --> 01:06:43,066 His name is Juan de la Cruz. 1385 01:06:43,066 --> 01:06:46,333 And I went home and wrote this song. 1386 01:06:46,333 --> 01:06:48,633 ♪♪ 1387 01:06:48,633 --> 01:06:51,366 "Once again, the workers rise with the lark. 1388 01:06:51,366 --> 01:06:54,266 There's a mass going on in the people's park. 1389 01:06:54,266 --> 01:06:57,133 Silent and determined, they set to embark 1390 01:06:57,133 --> 01:07:00,566 on a three-day fast and a five-mile march. 1391 01:07:00,566 --> 01:07:03,233 For a man's been shot on the picket line. 1392 01:07:03,233 --> 01:07:06,666 60 years of strength was young for dying. 1393 01:07:06,666 --> 01:07:08,700 His family is here with eyes of red. 1394 01:07:08,700 --> 01:07:11,866 His wife steps down with feet of lead. 1395 01:07:11,866 --> 01:07:14,533 And the sun shines down upon the old man, 1396 01:07:14,533 --> 01:07:17,633 whose days are done, for a martyr has been taken. 1397 01:07:17,633 --> 01:07:20,066 He's old Juan de la Cruz. 1398 01:07:20,066 --> 01:07:24,633 And a century of women pray at the casket before them laid. 1399 01:07:24,633 --> 01:07:29,366 And the Virgin of Guadalupe watches over de la Cruz." 1400 01:07:29,366 --> 01:07:32,633 ♪♪ 1401 01:07:33,833 --> 01:07:35,833 -In some instances, 1402 01:07:35,833 --> 01:07:39,233 it's the singing that'll give you the courage. 1403 01:07:39,233 --> 01:07:44,333 -♪ Solidarity forever -Let's hear it! 1404 01:07:44,333 --> 01:07:49,700 -♪ Solidarity forever 1405 01:07:49,700 --> 01:07:51,566 -And you see it in some of the films 1406 01:07:51,566 --> 01:07:53,733 that have documented the farm workers' struggle. 1407 01:07:53,733 --> 01:07:56,866 -♪Solidaridad pa siempre♪ 1408 01:07:56,866 --> 01:08:02,966 ♪Solidaridad pa siempre♪ 1409 01:08:02,966 --> 01:08:05,500 -Wherecampesinosare singing  "Nosotros Venceremos" 1410 01:08:05,500 --> 01:08:09,466 or, you know,"No nos Moveran" in the face of goons, 1411 01:08:09,466 --> 01:08:11,900 you know, that are about to hit them. 1412 01:08:11,900 --> 01:08:15,033 -iViva...! 1413 01:08:15,033 --> 01:08:17,600 -[ Singing indistinctly ] 1414 01:08:17,600 --> 01:08:18,966 -And having been there myself, 1415 01:08:18,966 --> 01:08:21,033 I mean, under trying circumstances, 1416 01:08:21,033 --> 01:08:22,900 it's very true that if you sing, 1417 01:08:22,900 --> 01:08:24,766 it takes you to a new level, you know? 1418 01:08:24,766 --> 01:08:26,066 And it gives peopleanimo. 1419 01:08:26,066 --> 01:08:28,933 It gives people spirit and courage 1420 01:08:28,933 --> 01:08:30,700 to face whatever it is. 1421 01:08:30,700 --> 01:08:34,433 -♪Ay pero si, ay pero no♪ 1422 01:08:34,433 --> 01:08:36,933 -The songs that we created and came up with 1423 01:08:36,933 --> 01:08:38,900 reflected that struggle. 1424 01:08:38,900 --> 01:08:40,266 -iViva la huelga! 1425 01:08:40,266 --> 01:08:42,200 -They helped to organize and to educate 1426 01:08:42,200 --> 01:08:44,100 the farm worker community. 1427 01:08:44,100 --> 01:08:46,466 -iViva la huelga! 1428 01:08:46,466 --> 01:08:49,133 iViva la huelga! 1429 01:08:49,133 --> 01:08:50,433 -♪Ay pero si ♪ 1430 01:08:50,433 --> 01:08:51,700 -The songs that came out of the marches, 1431 01:08:51,700 --> 01:08:53,733 the songs that are still used today, 1432 01:08:53,733 --> 01:08:56,300 not only were they meaningful, 1433 01:08:56,300 --> 01:08:59,300 but they were really beautiful songs on their own. 1434 01:08:59,300 --> 01:09:00,733 So, I think they were a tool for people 1435 01:09:00,733 --> 01:09:02,566 who didn't know anything about the movement, 1436 01:09:02,566 --> 01:09:04,400 who didn't know anything about the history. 1437 01:09:04,400 --> 01:09:05,966 They would make you ask questions, 1438 01:09:05,966 --> 01:09:07,633 and it would get you involved in it. 1439 01:09:07,633 --> 01:09:11,166 And I think that that's kind of what it's supposed to do. 1440 01:09:11,166 --> 01:09:13,933 It's supposed to grab you and bring you in 1441 01:09:13,933 --> 01:09:15,600 and illuminate something for you, 1442 01:09:15,600 --> 01:09:17,466 and all of those songs do. 1443 01:09:17,466 --> 01:09:23,166 ♪♪ 1444 01:09:23,166 --> 01:09:27,533 -As an African-American man, Southern and Caribbean roots, 1445 01:09:27,533 --> 01:09:32,433 my ears were open to the wide variety of music 1446 01:09:32,433 --> 01:09:36,866 that the farm workers were able to all be a part of. 1447 01:09:36,866 --> 01:09:40,600 We as African-Americans have a pretty wide variety of music, 1448 01:09:40,600 --> 01:09:43,266 but it's also interesting to see other people 1449 01:09:43,266 --> 01:09:48,533 have something that you can feel, see, touch, taste, 1450 01:09:48,533 --> 01:09:50,966 and it's all brand-new. 1451 01:09:50,966 --> 01:09:54,033 But then there was other senses at play, like"De Colores." 1452 01:09:54,033 --> 01:09:57,100 -♪De colores♪ 1453 01:09:57,100 --> 01:09:59,333 -One day, for a Friday night meeting, 1454 01:09:59,333 --> 01:10:01,133 Cesar asked me, "Do you remember that song 1455 01:10:01,133 --> 01:10:04,933 they were singing in Oakland, down in the basement?" 1456 01:10:04,933 --> 01:10:06,700 And I said, "Yeah, that was a beautiful song." 1457 01:10:06,700 --> 01:10:08,700 He says, "If I get you the words, 1458 01:10:08,700 --> 01:10:11,800 could you guys sing it at the meeting tonight?" 1459 01:10:11,800 --> 01:10:14,866 I said, "Give me the words," and so we got the words 1460 01:10:14,866 --> 01:10:16,666 and we rehearsed it and that's how"De Colores" 1461 01:10:16,666 --> 01:10:20,166 became thehimno del movimiento,okay? 1462 01:10:20,166 --> 01:10:22,433 We started singing"De Colores," you know? 1463 01:10:22,433 --> 01:10:27,133 -♪Y por eso los grandes amores de mucho♪ 1464 01:10:27,133 --> 01:10:31,833 -♪De colores es el arco iris que vemos lucir♪ 1465 01:10:31,833 --> 01:10:37,300 -♪Los pajaritos que vienen de afuera♪ 1466 01:10:37,300 --> 01:10:40,100 -♪Vemos lucir♪ 1467 01:10:40,100 --> 01:10:44,766 ♪Y por eso los grandes amores de muchos♪ 1468 01:10:44,766 --> 01:10:46,700 -♪La gallina♪ 1469 01:10:46,700 --> 01:10:51,266 ♪La gallina con el caracara caracara♪ 1470 01:10:51,266 --> 01:10:52,600 -You know, someone would start to sing that, 1471 01:10:52,600 --> 01:10:54,066 and that would be the most amazing thing 1472 01:10:54,066 --> 01:10:56,200 that everybody knew the lyrics. 1473 01:10:56,200 --> 01:10:58,566 And the other side of that thing 1474 01:10:58,566 --> 01:11:01,633 is that it was multi-generational, 1475 01:11:01,633 --> 01:11:05,033 and the family was at the heart of it. 1476 01:11:05,033 --> 01:11:06,700 -All right. Here we go. 1477 01:11:06,700 --> 01:11:08,833 One, two, three... 1478 01:11:08,833 --> 01:11:27,166 ♪♪ 1479 01:11:27,166 --> 01:11:30,700 -♪De colores♪ 1480 01:11:30,700 --> 01:11:37,533 ♪De colores se visten los campos en la primavera♪ 1481 01:11:37,533 --> 01:11:40,833 -♪De colores♪ 1482 01:11:40,833 --> 01:11:47,600 -♪De colores son los pajarillos que vienen de afuera♪ 1483 01:11:47,600 --> 01:11:50,866 -♪De colores♪ 1484 01:11:50,866 --> 01:11:58,966 ♪De colores es el arco iris que vemos lucir♪ 1485 01:11:58,966 --> 01:12:04,366 -♪Y por eso los grandes amores de muchos colores♪ 1486 01:12:04,366 --> 01:12:06,800 ♪Me gustan a mi♪ 1487 01:12:06,800 --> 01:12:10,400 ♪Y por eso los grandes amores♪ 1488 01:12:10,400 --> 01:12:14,866 ♪De muchos colores me gustan a mi♪ 1489 01:12:14,866 --> 01:12:18,233 ♪♪ 1490 01:12:18,233 --> 01:12:20,700 -And eventually the farm workers' union started getting 1491 01:12:20,700 --> 01:12:22,233 more and more contracts, 1492 01:12:22,233 --> 01:12:24,033 and so they were able to increase 1493 01:12:24,033 --> 01:12:26,966 the level of protection for the farm workers, 1494 01:12:26,966 --> 01:12:28,933 not only for their members, 1495 01:12:28,933 --> 01:12:33,166 but for others who didn't want their own employees to unionize 1496 01:12:33,166 --> 01:12:34,866 so they would raise the wages 1497 01:12:34,866 --> 01:12:37,000 and give them better working conditions. 1498 01:12:37,000 --> 01:12:39,366 -We got a lot of laws passed in California. 1499 01:12:39,366 --> 01:12:40,800 We got unemployment insurance. 1500 01:12:40,800 --> 01:12:42,066 We got the right to organize, 1501 01:12:42,066 --> 01:12:43,433 got rid of the short-handled hoe. 1502 01:12:43,433 --> 01:12:47,233 We got rid of about a dozen really deadly pesticides. 1503 01:12:47,233 --> 01:12:50,300 Then in all of our contracts in the '70s, you know, 1504 01:12:50,300 --> 01:12:51,966 we got the toilets and the cold drinking water 1505 01:12:51,966 --> 01:12:53,300 and the rest periods. 1506 01:12:53,300 --> 01:12:55,333 And then of course, we also got farm workers covered 1507 01:12:55,333 --> 01:12:58,033 under all of the Department of Labor 1508 01:12:58,033 --> 01:13:01,366 standards of minimum wage. 1509 01:13:01,366 --> 01:13:03,566 -But we still have a lot work to do 1510 01:13:03,566 --> 01:13:08,133 in making sure that every worker that's doing honest work, 1511 01:13:08,133 --> 01:13:10,933 that helps society, gets a living wage. 1512 01:13:10,933 --> 01:13:12,700 And we have a long ways to go. 1513 01:13:12,700 --> 01:13:15,400 -♪De colores, de colores es el... ♪ 1514 01:13:15,400 --> 01:13:16,766 -It's still going on. 1515 01:13:16,766 --> 01:13:18,766 It's going on in all different kinds of ways. 1516 01:13:18,766 --> 01:13:21,500 And I think the involvement, 1517 01:13:21,500 --> 01:13:24,933 participation, the awareness of the history, 1518 01:13:24,933 --> 01:13:27,933 the importance of what it means to organize 1519 01:13:27,933 --> 01:13:31,433 and to have an influence in the political process 1520 01:13:31,433 --> 01:13:32,833 and the cultural process, 1521 01:13:32,833 --> 01:13:35,833 it's a huge testament to the UFW. 1522 01:13:35,833 --> 01:13:38,966 ♪♪ 1523 01:13:38,966 --> 01:13:42,433 -♪Canta el gallo♪ 1524 01:13:42,433 --> 01:13:49,100 ♪Canta el gallo con el quiri quiri quiri quiri quiri♪ 1525 01:13:49,100 --> 01:13:52,500 -♪La gallina♪ 1526 01:13:52,500 --> 01:13:59,300 ♪La gallina con el cara cara cara cara cara♪ 1527 01:13:59,300 --> 01:14:02,700 -♪Los polluelos♪ 1528 01:14:02,700 --> 01:14:10,733 ♪Los polluelos con el pío pío pío pío pí♪ 1529 01:14:10,733 --> 01:14:14,233 -♪Y por eso los grandes amores♪ 1530 01:14:14,233 --> 01:14:18,833 ♪De muchos colores me gustan a mí♪ 1531 01:14:18,833 --> 01:14:22,300 ♪Y por eso los grandes amores♪ 1532 01:14:22,300 --> 01:14:28,333 ♪De muchos colores me gustan a mí♪ 1533 01:14:28,333 --> 01:14:31,600 [ Song ends ] -Oh, yeah. 1534 01:14:31,600 --> 01:14:34,433 [ Applause ] 1535 01:14:34,433 --> 01:14:41,966 ♪♪ 1536 01:14:41,966 --> 01:14:44,266 -This business of music is really important, you know? 1537 01:14:44,266 --> 01:14:48,666 Because the music is what lifts everything. 1538 01:14:48,666 --> 01:14:49,866 -♪Vamos, vamos...♪ 1539 01:14:49,866 --> 01:14:55,833 -Music is important to affairs of the heart. 1540 01:14:55,833 --> 01:14:57,900 -There's something that communicates to people 1541 01:14:57,900 --> 01:15:01,800 on a different level altogether. 1542 01:15:01,800 --> 01:15:04,833 There's a different way that our cells respond 1543 01:15:04,833 --> 01:15:08,166 to the vibration of music. 1544 01:15:08,166 --> 01:15:10,966 And that's such a powerful way of communicating. 1545 01:15:10,966 --> 01:15:13,366 ♪♪ 1546 01:15:13,366 --> 01:15:15,600 -Without the music and without the theater, 1547 01:15:15,600 --> 01:15:17,133 without both of those things, 1548 01:15:17,133 --> 01:15:19,000 I don't think that you would have had the kind of strength 1549 01:15:19,000 --> 01:15:22,333 and power that came out of Delano. 1550 01:15:22,333 --> 01:15:24,400 -I wouldn't have wanted to be part of any movement 1551 01:15:24,400 --> 01:15:25,700 that didn't have music. 1552 01:15:25,700 --> 01:15:29,200 I don't know if one exists that didn't have music. 1553 01:15:29,200 --> 01:15:30,833 There are two ends of it. 1554 01:15:30,833 --> 01:15:34,633 One of them is that, you know, movements don't work anyway. 1555 01:15:34,633 --> 01:15:37,933 The other one is that music alone can change -- 1556 01:15:37,933 --> 01:15:40,666 you know, change the world, and that's a nice idea. 1557 01:15:40,666 --> 01:15:43,366 But it has to have the work behind it 1558 01:15:43,366 --> 01:15:46,000 in order to really make serious changes. 1559 01:15:46,000 --> 01:15:49,166 ♪♪ 1560 01:15:49,166 --> 01:15:52,866 -People who are in the face of discomfort 1561 01:15:52,866 --> 01:15:55,533 and sadness and tragedy, 1562 01:15:55,533 --> 01:16:00,266 and yet they stand up, you know, strong 1563 01:16:00,266 --> 01:16:05,033 and they say, "I am not going to give up, and I am going to fight 1564 01:16:05,033 --> 01:16:10,366 for what I believe in and my family and who I am" -- 1565 01:16:10,366 --> 01:16:13,600 they are the people who inspire my songs. 1566 01:16:13,600 --> 01:16:16,533 ♪♪ 1567 01:16:16,533 --> 01:16:18,400 -He gave us purpose. 1568 01:16:18,400 --> 01:16:21,800 Cesar Chavez gave us purpose 1569 01:16:21,800 --> 01:16:25,300 of where to go with our artwork 1570 01:16:25,300 --> 01:16:26,933 and what to do with it 1571 01:16:26,933 --> 01:16:29,066 and how to capitalize on it. 1572 01:16:29,066 --> 01:16:30,400 And I'm so glad he did. 1573 01:16:30,400 --> 01:16:32,333 Otherwise, we'd probably beperdidos. 1574 01:16:32,333 --> 01:16:36,200 We'd be lost, you know? 1575 01:16:36,200 --> 01:16:39,900 -Towards the end of his life, he was asked by somebody 1576 01:16:39,900 --> 01:16:42,000 how he would like to be remembered, 1577 01:16:42,000 --> 01:16:47,100 with statues or public memorials. 1578 01:16:47,100 --> 01:16:48,566 And Cesar looked at him, 1579 01:16:48,566 --> 01:16:54,100 and he said, "If you want to remember me, organize." 1580 01:16:54,100 --> 01:16:55,533 My kind of man. 1581 01:16:57,533 --> 01:16:59,600 -If we can get people that look like him, 1582 01:16:59,600 --> 01:17:01,666 maybe people that don't have a lot of role models -- 1583 01:17:01,666 --> 01:17:03,200 littleChicanokids, 1584 01:17:03,200 --> 01:17:04,966 and kids that are poor from different neighborhoods -- 1585 01:17:04,966 --> 01:17:07,366 and if they can look at somebody like my father and say, 1586 01:17:07,366 --> 01:17:09,933 "Man, if Cesar Chavez can do something like that, 1587 01:17:09,933 --> 01:17:11,733 maybe I have some Cesar Chavez in me." 1588 01:17:11,733 --> 01:17:13,266 And that's what our hope is, 1589 01:17:13,266 --> 01:17:15,566 is that we hope that people will understand 1590 01:17:15,566 --> 01:17:18,233 that there is no savior that's gonna come in from the outside 1591 01:17:18,233 --> 01:17:19,466 to take care of our problems. 1592 01:17:19,466 --> 01:17:20,966 We have to look to ourselves 1593 01:17:20,966 --> 01:17:23,666 and we have to step up and we have to be responsible. 1594 01:17:23,666 --> 01:17:26,400 ♪♪ 1595 01:17:26,400 --> 01:17:28,700 -As far as I'm concerned, he was like a brother, okay? 1596 01:17:28,700 --> 01:17:30,866 He was like an older brother to me 1597 01:17:30,866 --> 01:17:32,866 and we're all part of the same family. 1598 01:17:32,866 --> 01:17:34,266 But he was also a hero, you know? 1599 01:17:34,266 --> 01:17:38,033 And continues to remain a role model for me 1600 01:17:38,033 --> 01:17:39,400 that lives inside my brain 1601 01:17:39,400 --> 01:17:41,133 and lives inside my soul, you know? 1602 01:17:41,133 --> 01:17:43,700 I absorbed him, as you must, you know, 1603 01:17:43,700 --> 01:17:46,800 with the leaders that you love and respect. 1604 01:17:46,800 --> 01:17:59,766 ♪♪ 1605 01:17:59,766 --> 01:18:04,266 -Really, the power of a song is the power of humanity, 1606 01:18:04,266 --> 01:18:07,300 a song to take you through the hardest times, 1607 01:18:07,300 --> 01:18:09,733 to take you through the oppression, 1608 01:18:09,733 --> 01:18:16,866 a song that would touch a baby's ears so that when they grew up, 1609 01:18:16,866 --> 01:18:19,766 that song took them through life. 1610 01:18:19,766 --> 01:18:25,133 ♪♪ 1611 01:18:25,133 --> 01:18:28,800 People can learn the truth with a song. 1612 01:18:28,800 --> 01:18:30,933 [ "Free" plays ] 1613 01:18:30,933 --> 01:18:36,633 ♪♪ 1614 01:18:36,633 --> 01:18:41,633 -♪ As I walk this land, amazed at what I see ♪ 1615 01:18:41,633 --> 01:18:46,500 ♪ See my brothers struggling, struggling to be free ♪ 1616 01:18:46,500 --> 01:18:51,066 ♪ As I walk this land, cries equality ♪ 1617 01:18:51,066 --> 01:18:53,433 ♪ Is it just for privileged ones ♪ 1618 01:18:53,433 --> 01:18:55,566 ♪ But not for you and me? 1619 01:18:55,566 --> 01:19:00,900 ♪♪ 1620 01:19:00,900 --> 01:19:04,933 -♪ Oooh, set me free 1621 01:19:04,933 --> 01:19:57,233 ♪ Oooh, set me free 1622 01:19:57,233 --> 01:20:00,300 -♪ Oooh, set me free 1623 01:20:00,300 --> 01:20:03,266 -As long as there's one ounce of strength in our bodies, 1624 01:20:03,266 --> 01:20:05,166 that ounce of strength would be used 1625 01:20:05,166 --> 01:20:06,933 to fight for this good cause. 1626 01:20:06,933 --> 01:20:08,400 -♪ Oooh, set me free 1627 01:20:08,400 --> 01:20:11,266 -And in the end, we will win. 1628 01:20:11,266 --> 01:20:13,333 -♪ Oooh, set me free 1629 01:20:13,333 --> 01:20:53,266 ♪ Oooh, set me free 1630 01:20:53,266 --> 01:21:03,300 ♪ Oooooooooooh 1631 01:21:03,300 --> 01:21:05,900 [ Song ends ] [ Cheers and applause ] 1632 01:21:05,900 --> 01:21:08,066 -We're good! -I'm free now! 1633 01:21:08,066 --> 01:21:10,666 I'm free! Free! 1634 01:21:12,866 --> 01:21:19,333 ♪♪ 1635 01:21:19,333 --> 01:21:37,100 ♪♪ 1636 01:21:37,100 --> 01:21:45,466 ♪♪ 1637 01:21:45,466 --> 01:21:54,433 ♪♪ 1638 01:21:54,433 --> 01:22:11,500 ♪♪