1
00:00:00,700 --> 00:00:08,700
{\an8}♪ ♪

2
00:00:36,966 --> 00:00:38,409
[ Applause ]

3
00:00:38,433 --> 00:00:40,142
{\an8}-Will you enter,
Mystery Challenger,

4
00:00:40,166 --> 00:00:42,942
{\an8}and sign in, please?

5
00:00:42,966 --> 00:00:44,709
{\an7}-Are you a motion-picture
actress?

6
00:00:44,733 --> 00:00:46,142
-No.

7
00:00:46,166 --> 00:00:48,509
-Have you performed
on the Broadway stage?

8
00:00:48,533 --> 00:00:49,842
-No.

9
00:00:49,866 --> 00:00:52,276
{\an1}-I heard such a tremendous hand
when you walked in.

10
00:00:52,300 --> 00:00:54,109
{\an1}Does this hand... Well,
let's assume you have talent.

11
00:00:54,133 --> 00:00:57,376
{\an1}This hand also come from your...
From your beauty?

12
00:00:57,400 --> 00:00:58,509
-No.

13
00:00:58,533 --> 00:00:59,776
[ Laughter ]

14
00:00:59,800 --> 00:01:01,509
{\an1}-Well, I can't let that stand.

15
00:01:01,533 --> 00:01:04,842
{\an1}I will say that there is
talent here and beauty

16
00:01:04,866 --> 00:01:06,309
and all of the things

17
00:01:06,333 --> 00:01:08,709
{\an1}that go to get the wonderful
hand that you spoke about.

18
00:01:08,733 --> 00:01:11,542
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically ]

19
00:01:11,566 --> 00:01:17,676
{\an8}♪♪♪

20
00:01:17,700 --> 00:01:19,576
-She was the first
African-American

21
00:01:19,600 --> 00:01:23,009
to make her debut
at the Metropolitan Opera.

22
00:01:23,033 --> 00:01:25,176
{\an1}She was almost 60 years old.

23
00:01:25,200 --> 00:01:28,676
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically ]

24
00:01:28,700 --> 00:01:32,609
-She was pursued
by nobility and aristocracy.

25
00:01:32,633 --> 00:01:36,142
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically ]

26
00:01:36,166 --> 00:01:39,709
{\an1}She enjoyed the life of a diva.

27
00:01:39,733 --> 00:01:42,009
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically ]

28
00:01:42,033 --> 00:01:48,442
{\an8}♪♪♪

29
00:01:48,466 --> 00:01:50,709
{\an1}-She was performing in Europe.

30
00:01:50,733 --> 00:01:53,209
{\an1}And you come back home...

31
00:01:53,233 --> 00:02:01,233
{\an8}♪♪♪

32
00:02:01,400 --> 00:02:04,676
{\an1}-A light was shown on racism,
unlike any other time.

33
00:02:04,700 --> 00:02:07,242
{\an1}-Genius draws no color line!

34
00:02:07,266 --> 00:02:10,742
{\an1}-She uttered not a word
in response,

35
00:02:10,766 --> 00:02:14,642
{\an1}and she stood flat-footed...
and she sang.

36
00:02:14,666 --> 00:02:18,009
{\an1}-♪ In the Lord, in the Lord ♪

37
00:02:18,033 --> 00:02:20,976
{\an1}♪ My soul's been anchored
in the Lord ♪

38
00:02:21,000 --> 00:02:23,676
{\an1}♪ In the Lord, in the Lord ♪

39
00:02:23,700 --> 00:02:27,509
{\an1}-She was the chosen one.

40
00:02:27,533 --> 00:02:31,009
{\an1}-She was a powerful being...

41
00:02:31,033 --> 00:02:33,909
a powerful spirit...

42
00:02:33,933 --> 00:02:37,276
{\an1}that changed the world
through her singing voice.

43
00:02:37,300 --> 00:02:40,876
{\an1}-♪ In the Lord, in the Lord ♪

44
00:02:40,900 --> 00:02:43,942
{\an1}♪ My soul's been anchored
in the Lord ♪

45
00:02:43,966 --> 00:02:47,742
{\an1}♪ In the Lord, in the Lord ♪

46
00:02:47,766 --> 00:02:50,909
{\an1}♪ My soul's been anchored
in the Lord ♪

47
00:02:50,933 --> 00:02:54,742
{\an7}♪ God knows my soul's ♪

48
00:02:54,766 --> 00:03:02,766
{\an7}♪ Been anchored in the Lord ♪

49
00:03:06,866 --> 00:03:14,866
♪♪♪

50
00:03:16,466 --> 00:03:20,376
-♪ Steal away ♪

51
00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:22,309
-I remember one day

52
00:03:22,333 --> 00:03:27,042
{\an7}delivering the basket of laundry
for my mother,

53
00:03:27,066 --> 00:03:31,576
{\an7}and I heard a piano being played
and somebody singing.

54
00:03:31,600 --> 00:03:35,742
{\an8}-♪ To Jesus ♪

55
00:03:35,766 --> 00:03:37,709
-I went up the steps

56
00:03:37,733 --> 00:03:40,142
{\an1}and peeked in the window.

57
00:03:40,166 --> 00:03:41,842
{\an8}♪♪♪

58
00:03:41,866 --> 00:03:47,342
-♪ Steal away home ♪

59
00:03:47,366 --> 00:03:49,576
-There, sitting
on a piano stool,

60
00:03:49,600 --> 00:03:54,242
{\an1}I saw a woman who looked
not different than me

61
00:03:54,266 --> 00:03:57,509
{\an1}and she was playing very well.

62
00:03:57,533 --> 00:04:00,976
{\an1}She was not dressed up.

63
00:04:01,000 --> 00:04:03,976
She was unconscious
that anyone was looking at her.

64
00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:09,542
-♪ Steal away home ♪

65
00:04:09,566 --> 00:04:13,476
♪ I ain't got long ♪

66
00:04:13,500 --> 00:04:17,576
{\an7}-In that moment, I realized
if she could, I could.

67
00:04:17,600 --> 00:04:25,600
{\an8}-♪ To stay here ♪

68
00:04:30,600 --> 00:04:37,376
{\an8}♪♪♪

69
00:04:37,400 --> 00:04:39,809
-Marian Anderson
was born in 1897,

70
00:04:39,833 --> 00:04:41,576
the year after
Plessy v. Ferguson,

71
00:04:41,600 --> 00:04:43,709
{\an1}the Supreme Court decision
that established

72
00:04:43,733 --> 00:04:45,976
{\an1}the "separate but equal"
doctrine.

73
00:04:46,000 --> 00:04:49,742
{\an1}All four of her grandparents
were descended from slaves.

74
00:04:49,766 --> 00:04:57,766
-♪ When Israel
was in Egypt's land ♪

75
00:04:58,233 --> 00:05:04,109
♪ Let my people go ♪

76
00:05:04,133 --> 00:05:05,476
-In the 1890s,

77
00:05:05,500 --> 00:05:07,809
{\an1}Marian's grandfather, Benjamin,

78
00:05:07,833 --> 00:05:10,842
and Isabella,
Aunt Marian's grandmother,

79
00:05:10,866 --> 00:05:14,209
moved from Virginia
to Philadelphia.

80
00:05:14,233 --> 00:05:16,142
They were part
of the early migration

81
00:05:16,166 --> 00:05:21,509
{\an7}of people moving from the South
to the North for a better life.

82
00:05:21,533 --> 00:05:28,109
-♪ Go down, Moses ♪

83
00:05:28,133 --> 00:05:35,909
{\an1}♪ Way down in Egypt's land ♪

84
00:05:35,933 --> 00:05:43,933
♪ Tell old Pharaoh ♪

85
00:05:46,066 --> 00:05:51,976
♪ To let my people ♪

86
00:05:52,000 --> 00:05:55,109
♪ Go ♪

87
00:05:55,133 --> 00:05:56,776
{\an1}-Philadelphia had the largest

88
00:05:56,800 --> 00:06:00,676
free Black population
before the Civil War,

89
00:06:00,700 --> 00:06:03,609
{\an1}so it's had a long history
of Black communities.

90
00:06:03,633 --> 00:06:06,242
{\an1}[ Children shouting playfully ]

91
00:06:06,266 --> 00:06:08,809
{\an1}-There were middle-class Blacks,
educated Blacks

92
00:06:08,833 --> 00:06:12,576
going back
to the late 18th century.

93
00:06:12,600 --> 00:06:15,109
{\an7}-But the largest number
of African-Americans

94
00:06:15,133 --> 00:06:18,709
{\an7}in a place like Philadelphia
were poor.

95
00:06:18,733 --> 00:06:22,442
You have tensions
between immigrant communities

96
00:06:22,466 --> 00:06:25,933
{\an1}who are coming into Philadelphia
fighting for the same jobs.

97
00:06:28,233 --> 00:06:31,509
You also have tension
between African-Americans

98
00:06:31,533 --> 00:06:33,542
{\an1}who had been in Philadelphia
for generations

99
00:06:33,566 --> 00:06:36,509
{\an1}and new African-Americans.

100
00:06:36,533 --> 00:06:40,109
{\an1}-Marian's father, John,
he was a hard worker.

101
00:06:40,133 --> 00:06:41,642
He worked
at the Reading Terminal

102
00:06:41,666 --> 00:06:44,842
as a laborer,
a jack-of-all-trades.

103
00:06:44,866 --> 00:06:46,809
He delivered coal.

104
00:06:46,833 --> 00:06:48,542
And whites
certainly made it clear

105
00:06:48,566 --> 00:06:50,742
{\an1}that there were a lot of
employment opportunities

106
00:06:50,766 --> 00:06:53,076
{\an1}where Blacks were not welcome,

107
00:06:53,100 --> 00:06:55,076
{\an8}and so they really
had to scratch and fight

108
00:06:55,100 --> 00:06:56,942
{\an7}for everything they got.

109
00:06:56,966 --> 00:06:59,009
{\an8}♪♪♪

110
00:06:59,033 --> 00:07:02,142
-My father
was a very handsome man.

111
00:07:02,166 --> 00:07:04,842
{\an1}-♪ La-da-da-da-da-da-dum ♪

112
00:07:04,866 --> 00:07:09,142
{\an1}-I remember hearing him...
♪ La-da-da-da-da-da, da-dum ♪

113
00:07:09,166 --> 00:07:11,742
{\an1}That was his favorite thing
to hum

114
00:07:11,766 --> 00:07:14,776
{\an1}while he was getting dressed.

115
00:07:14,800 --> 00:07:17,276
{\an1}He was a very tall man,
about six feet,

116
00:07:17,300 --> 00:07:18,842
and Mother's short,

117
00:07:18,866 --> 00:07:21,242
and I remembered
hearing him tell mother

118
00:07:21,266 --> 00:07:22,976
{\an1}when she was helping him
put on his tie

119
00:07:23,000 --> 00:07:24,176
{\an1}that she should get newspaper

120
00:07:24,200 --> 00:07:26,576
and stand on it
to make her tall enough.

121
00:07:26,600 --> 00:07:29,409
[ Laughs ]

122
00:07:29,433 --> 00:07:34,576
{\an1}My father was a special officer
in the Union Baptist Church.

123
00:07:34,600 --> 00:07:36,609
{\an1}I was taken along to church
with my father

124
00:07:36,633 --> 00:07:38,976
{\an1}practically every Sunday.

125
00:07:39,000 --> 00:07:41,009
{\an1}-The church was the epicenter.

126
00:07:41,033 --> 00:07:43,142
{\an1}We went to church for dinners.

127
00:07:43,166 --> 00:07:44,909
{\an8}We went to church
for social events.

128
00:07:44,933 --> 00:07:49,376
{\an8}We went to church
for religious services.

129
00:07:49,400 --> 00:07:52,942
{\an1}Sunday was an all-day affair.

130
00:07:52,966 --> 00:07:55,542
{\an1}-At 6 years old, we were taken
to the children's choir

131
00:07:55,566 --> 00:07:58,542
with my aunt.

132
00:07:58,566 --> 00:08:01,709
After a short while,
the group was singing so well

133
00:08:01,733 --> 00:08:05,276
that we sang
for the big Sunday school.

134
00:08:05,300 --> 00:08:07,476
{\an8}♪♪♪

135
00:08:07,500 --> 00:08:09,942
{\an1}By the time we arrived
at our little house,

136
00:08:09,966 --> 00:08:14,609
{\an1}the director of the choir
had already been there and left.

137
00:08:14,633 --> 00:08:16,542
{\an1}My mother told my father

138
00:08:16,566 --> 00:08:19,009
that Mr. Robinson
wanted to be sure

139
00:08:19,033 --> 00:08:22,476
that I would be able
to be in church earlier

140
00:08:22,500 --> 00:08:24,742
{\an1}the next Sunday because there
were going to be visitors,

141
00:08:24,766 --> 00:08:28,142
and he wanted that
we should sing for them.

142
00:08:28,166 --> 00:08:30,742
{\an1}My father said in reply to that,

143
00:08:30,766 --> 00:08:34,542
{\an1}"I'm not going to have them
singing my child to death."

144
00:08:34,566 --> 00:08:36,009
[ Laughs ]

145
00:08:36,033 --> 00:08:38,676
{\an1}My first public appearance.

146
00:08:38,700 --> 00:08:40,300
[ Laughs ]

147
00:08:42,266 --> 00:08:45,676
{\an1}-She grew quite the audience
at that church.

148
00:08:45,700 --> 00:08:48,542
{\an8}♪♪♪

149
00:08:48,566 --> 00:08:50,909
-My father bought
our first piano.

150
00:08:50,933 --> 00:08:54,376
{\an1}Oh, you have no idea the joy.

151
00:08:54,400 --> 00:08:56,976
-They knew she had
this musical gift.

152
00:08:57,000 --> 00:09:00,576
{\an1}She seemed to just have this
extraordinary sense of melody.

153
00:09:00,600 --> 00:09:04,342
{\an8}♪♪♪

154
00:09:04,366 --> 00:09:07,276
-I remember taking
one finger of his hand

155
00:09:07,300 --> 00:09:10,076
{\an1}to make it go up the scale.

156
00:09:10,100 --> 00:09:11,576
{\an1}His fingers were so large

157
00:09:11,600 --> 00:09:15,142
{\an1}that I could scarcely get them
on one key at a time.

158
00:09:15,166 --> 00:09:17,442
{\an8}♪♪♪

159
00:09:17,466 --> 00:09:20,709
{\an1}He may even have tried
to hit two notes

160
00:09:20,733 --> 00:09:24,376
{\an1}to make me feel that he couldn't
do it as well as I.

161
00:09:24,400 --> 00:09:26,009
[ Laughs ]

162
00:09:26,033 --> 00:09:29,176
{\an8}♪♪♪

163
00:09:29,200 --> 00:09:32,276
One fine day,
I was sent to the store,

164
00:09:32,300 --> 00:09:36,742
and I saw something
lying on the street.

165
00:09:36,766 --> 00:09:40,342
{\an1}It was, oh, a little handbill,

166
00:09:40,366 --> 00:09:42,376
{\an1}but there was something
in the corner

167
00:09:42,400 --> 00:09:46,276
{\an1}that was strangely familiar
to me.

168
00:09:46,300 --> 00:09:49,609
There in the corner
was a small snapshot

169
00:09:49,633 --> 00:09:50,976
under which it said,

170
00:09:51,000 --> 00:09:55,042
{\an1}"Come Hear the Baby Contralto."

171
00:09:55,066 --> 00:09:59,209
{\an1}I was absolutely flabbergasted
and stunned.

172
00:09:59,233 --> 00:10:02,142
{\an1}I was the proudest thing
in the neighborhood.

173
00:10:02,166 --> 00:10:03,976
{\an8}♪♪♪

174
00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:05,542
{\an7}The amusing thing was they said,

175
00:10:05,566 --> 00:10:07,842
{\an8}"The Baby Contralto,
10 years old,"

176
00:10:07,866 --> 00:10:10,609
{\an8}and I was then 8.

177
00:10:10,633 --> 00:10:12,576
{\an1}That was the first time

178
00:10:12,600 --> 00:10:17,176
{\an1}that I had seen my name
and my picture in print.

179
00:10:17,200 --> 00:10:19,842
[ Laughs ]

180
00:10:19,866 --> 00:10:21,642
{\an1}-Her father protected her

181
00:10:21,666 --> 00:10:24,676
{\an1}until his untimely death in 1909

182
00:10:24,700 --> 00:10:26,542
{\an1}when she was 12 years old.

183
00:10:26,566 --> 00:10:29,276
{\an8}♪♪♪

184
00:10:29,300 --> 00:10:32,509
-John was working
on the track line,

185
00:10:32,533 --> 00:10:34,442
{\an1}and he was struck on the head.

186
00:10:34,466 --> 00:10:37,709
{\an7}He didn't get the immediate
medical treatment

187
00:10:37,733 --> 00:10:40,409
{\an8}that he needed.

188
00:10:40,433 --> 00:10:44,909
{\an1}-He died in our little home.

189
00:10:44,933 --> 00:10:46,809
{\an1}-Aunt Marian's mother, Anna,

190
00:10:46,833 --> 00:10:50,642
{\an1}wanted to take her daughters
back to Virginia,

191
00:10:50,666 --> 00:10:53,009
where she was from.

192
00:10:53,033 --> 00:10:58,776
{\an1}But Aunt Marian's grandmother,
Isabella, prohibited that.

193
00:10:58,800 --> 00:11:00,342
-They immediately had to move in

194
00:11:00,366 --> 00:11:02,276
with her grandmother
and grandfather,

195
00:11:02,300 --> 00:11:04,176
{\an1}and the grandfather died
the next year,

196
00:11:04,200 --> 00:11:05,909
and so it was
just the grandmother,

197
00:11:05,933 --> 00:11:08,109
{\an1}who was not a very warm figure.

198
00:11:08,133 --> 00:11:10,476
{\an1}-My grandmother was boss
even of my mother,

199
00:11:10,500 --> 00:11:12,942
{\an1}and she was the one who decided
what should be done

200
00:11:12,966 --> 00:11:15,109
when, where, and how.

201
00:11:15,133 --> 00:11:16,476
-Anna, her mother,

202
00:11:16,500 --> 00:11:18,642
{\an1}got a teaching certificate
in Virginia,

203
00:11:18,666 --> 00:11:22,609
{\an1}but in Philadelphia, officials
would not certify her to teach.

204
00:11:22,633 --> 00:11:24,876
{\an1}-She decided to take work
as a domestic

205
00:11:24,900 --> 00:11:27,976
at the John Wanamaker
Department Store.

206
00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:30,109
{\an8}♪♪♪

207
00:11:30,133 --> 00:11:32,776
{\an1}-My sister and I stopped in
at Wanamaker's,

208
00:11:32,800 --> 00:11:35,176
{\an1}and Mother was so busy
and so intent

209
00:11:35,200 --> 00:11:37,409
{\an1}on the job which she had to do,

210
00:11:37,433 --> 00:11:40,909
{\an1}she didn't realize that
anybody else was in the world.

211
00:11:40,933 --> 00:11:42,609
{\an8}♪♪♪

212
00:11:42,633 --> 00:11:45,509
{\an1}-Marian Anderson's grandmother
insisted she work full-time

213
00:11:45,533 --> 00:11:48,676
{\an1}to try to help support
the family.

214
00:11:48,700 --> 00:11:51,209
{\an1}She had to leave school
at the age of 12.

215
00:11:51,233 --> 00:11:54,242
She worked, singing,
but also working as a domestic,

216
00:11:54,266 --> 00:11:56,942
{\an1}just anything she could get
to help the family.

217
00:11:56,966 --> 00:11:59,342
{\an8}♪♪♪

218
00:11:59,366 --> 00:12:02,576
Marian's Aunt Mary,
her father's sister,

219
00:12:02,600 --> 00:12:05,142
{\an1}was really the biggest influence
on her.

220
00:12:05,166 --> 00:12:09,409
{\an8}♪♪♪

221
00:12:09,433 --> 00:12:13,376
{\an1}-At 13 or 14, my aunt took me
with her to the senior choir.

222
00:12:13,400 --> 00:12:16,509
{\an1}The conductor was good enough
to let us take the music home,

223
00:12:16,533 --> 00:12:18,542
{\an1}and we learned everybody's part.

224
00:12:18,566 --> 00:12:22,642
{\an8}♪♪♪

225
00:12:22,666 --> 00:12:26,776
{\an1}The great piece of the choir
was the "Inflammatus."

226
00:12:26,800 --> 00:12:29,409
{\an1}-The "Inflammatus" is a anthem

227
00:12:29,433 --> 00:12:31,442
that the Black Church
would sing.

228
00:12:31,466 --> 00:12:36,176
{\an7}Even for the most trained
singers, it's a tour de force.

229
00:12:36,200 --> 00:12:38,142
{\an7}There's a bunch of high C's
in there,

230
00:12:38,166 --> 00:12:40,776
{\an7}especially at the very end.

231
00:12:40,800 --> 00:12:45,676
{\an1}-It allows you to do a lot
of rather nice gymnastics.

232
00:12:45,700 --> 00:12:47,609
[ Laughs ]

233
00:12:47,633 --> 00:12:51,242
{\an8}[ Operatic singing ]

234
00:12:51,266 --> 00:12:54,642
{\an7}There seemed not to be
too much vocally

235
00:12:54,666 --> 00:12:56,933
that gave one
a great deal of trouble.

236
00:12:59,833 --> 00:13:02,276
{\an1}-For young Black women
like Marian Anderson,

237
00:13:02,300 --> 00:13:06,642
{\an1}there were fewer options
for studying and for performing.

238
00:13:06,666 --> 00:13:12,509
{\an7}-We have all been conditioned,
particularly in this country,

239
00:13:12,533 --> 00:13:17,142
{\an7}to believe that with the
art form of classical music,

240
00:13:17,166 --> 00:13:20,309
{\an1}there's a different face
than ours.

241
00:13:20,333 --> 00:13:22,276
-Classical music
was seen as something

242
00:13:22,300 --> 00:13:26,209
{\an7}that only a European person
should perform in

243
00:13:26,233 --> 00:13:29,709
{\an7}or should be seen doing.

244
00:13:29,733 --> 00:13:35,342
{\an7}-[ Singing operatically ]

245
00:13:35,366 --> 00:13:38,209
{\an8}-There were many
African-American women singers

246
00:13:38,233 --> 00:13:41,142
who came along
before Marian Anderson.

247
00:13:41,166 --> 00:13:42,809
{\an8}♪♪♪

248
00:13:42,833 --> 00:13:46,242
Elizabeth Greenfield.
The Hyers Sisters.

249
00:13:46,266 --> 00:13:48,376
"Black Patti,"
Sissieretta Jones.

250
00:13:48,400 --> 00:13:52,009
{\an7}-With Sissieretta Jones, it was
just so fresh off of slavery

251
00:13:52,033 --> 00:13:53,942
{\an8}that there was just
very little chance

252
00:13:53,966 --> 00:13:57,242
{\an8}of her breaking
certain barriers.

253
00:13:57,266 --> 00:13:59,776
{\an8}-Most concert halls
and opera houses

254
00:13:59,800 --> 00:14:03,909
{\an7}are completely off-limits
for Black singers.

255
00:14:03,933 --> 00:14:05,776
{\an7}African-American communities

256
00:14:05,800 --> 00:14:08,242
{\an1}would create their own
classical-music world.

257
00:14:08,266 --> 00:14:10,242
{\an1}They would stage operas.

258
00:14:10,266 --> 00:14:13,842
They would stage
full symphony concerts.

259
00:14:13,866 --> 00:14:19,476
{\an1}-The Theodore Drury Company
in the 1902, 1903, 1904.

260
00:14:19,500 --> 00:14:21,776
{\an7}Harry Lawrence Freeman
is a composer

261
00:14:21,800 --> 00:14:27,042
{\an7}who was writing operas
for Denver in the 1890s.

262
00:14:27,066 --> 00:14:29,976
{\an7}-Roland Hayes was somebody
who was a trailblazer

263
00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:32,776
{\an1}of trying to figure out,
how could he create a career

264
00:14:32,800 --> 00:14:35,142
{\an1}for himself in classical music?

265
00:14:35,166 --> 00:14:36,909
-He was the first

266
00:14:36,933 --> 00:14:40,609
{\an1}African-American superstar
in classical music.

267
00:14:40,633 --> 00:14:43,542
When he sang,
you heard his soul.

268
00:14:43,566 --> 00:14:45,927
{\an8}-♪

269
00:14:45,951 --> 00:14:48,310
{\an8}Du bist die Ruh

270
00:14:48,334 --> 00:14:51,794
{\an8}♪

271
00:14:51,818 --> 00:14:55,276
{\an8}Der Friede mild

272
00:14:55,300 --> 00:14:57,042
-Every year,
there was a gala concert,

273
00:14:57,066 --> 00:15:01,776
{\an1}and the gala concert meant
that Roland Hayes was coming.

274
00:15:01,800 --> 00:15:03,576
Roland Hayes' program

275
00:15:03,600 --> 00:15:07,442
consisted of a group
of Italian classics,

276
00:15:07,466 --> 00:15:10,576
German lieder,
and French art songs.

277
00:15:10,600 --> 00:15:12,387
- -♪<i> - dir</i> 
- ♪

278
00:15:12,433 --> 00:15:18,176
{\an1}♪
<i>Voll Lust und Schmerz</i> 
♪

279
00:15:18,200 --> 00:15:19,809
-He would end it
with Negro spirituals,

280
00:15:19,833 --> 00:15:23,442
{\an1}and that was the only English
on the program.

281
00:15:23,466 --> 00:15:25,442
{\an1}But there were a group of people
who said,

282
00:15:25,466 --> 00:15:28,409
{\an1}"Well, I think now we should
have our Marian on the program

283
00:15:28,433 --> 00:15:31,676
{\an1}because if she sings, we'll know
what she's singing about."

284
00:15:31,700 --> 00:15:33,642
[ Laughs ]

285
00:15:33,666 --> 00:15:37,709
{\an1}-Roland Hayes realized
Marian Anderson's ability,

286
00:15:37,733 --> 00:15:42,176
and he, in fact,
gave her a big break in 1917.

287
00:15:42,200 --> 00:15:46,942
{\an7}He invited Marian Anderson
to do the contralto part

288
00:15:46,966 --> 00:15:51,176
{\an1}of Felix Mendelssohn's "Elijah"
in Boston at Jordan Hall.

289
00:15:51,200 --> 00:15:59,109
{\an1}-♪ Oh, rest in the Lord ♪

290
00:15:59,133 --> 00:16:04,576
♪ Wait patiently ♪

291
00:16:04,600 --> 00:16:08,542
♪ For Him ♪

292
00:16:08,566 --> 00:16:14,742
♪ Wait patiently ♪

293
00:16:14,766 --> 00:16:17,876
♪ For Him ♪

294
00:16:17,900 --> 00:16:20,309
{\an1}-She was 20, and she got to meet

295
00:16:20,333 --> 00:16:24,176
{\an1}a number of the best musicians
in Boston.

296
00:16:24,200 --> 00:16:26,809
{\an1}-Roland Hayes would introduce
Marian Anderson

297
00:16:26,833 --> 00:16:29,609
to his voice teacher,
Arthur Hubbard.

298
00:16:29,633 --> 00:16:32,742
{\an1}Arthur Hubbard made an offer
to Marian Anderson

299
00:16:32,766 --> 00:16:35,376
{\an1}that he would help her
to refine her voice,

300
00:16:35,400 --> 00:16:38,676
and in exchange,
she would do maid service.

301
00:16:38,700 --> 00:16:46,109
-♪ Wait ♪

302
00:16:46,133 --> 00:16:48,909
♪ Wait ♪

303
00:16:48,933 --> 00:16:51,076
{\an1}-Roland Hayes thought it would
be a wonderful opportunity

304
00:16:51,100 --> 00:16:52,976
because I could
even go to the studio

305
00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:56,142
and hear lessons
of other people.

306
00:16:56,166 --> 00:16:58,609
{\an1}My grandmother didn't know
what the advantage would be.

307
00:16:58,633 --> 00:17:02,042
{\an1}So far as she was concerned,
I could sing.

308
00:17:02,066 --> 00:17:04,976
{\an1}So to Boston I did not go.

309
00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:07,900
-Her grandmother
did not want her to be a maid.

310
00:17:09,900 --> 00:17:14,409
[ Bell clanging ]

311
00:17:14,433 --> 00:17:16,976
{\an1}Her first trip to the South
in 1917,

312
00:17:17,000 --> 00:17:20,876
{\an1}she was invited to sing by a
Black organization in Savannah.

313
00:17:20,900 --> 00:17:26,309
-♪ Poor me ♪

314
00:17:26,333 --> 00:17:30,942
♪ Poor me ♪

315
00:17:30,966 --> 00:17:34,442
-I went south
while I was in high school,

316
00:17:34,466 --> 00:17:37,809
{\an1}and my mother was my chaperone.

317
00:17:37,833 --> 00:17:39,742
{\an1}When we got to Washington,

318
00:17:39,766 --> 00:17:43,776
{\an1}we had to get out of the train
and get into the first coach.

319
00:17:43,800 --> 00:17:46,542
The coach was called
the Jim Crow Car.

320
00:17:46,566 --> 00:17:52,442
-♪ Poor me ♪

321
00:17:52,466 --> 00:17:54,542
{\an1}-Anna and Marian thought
they were going to be

322
00:17:54,566 --> 00:17:57,876
in a normal rail car,
and it was shocking.

323
00:17:57,900 --> 00:18:00,742
{\an1}She had all these images
as they were on the train

324
00:18:00,766 --> 00:18:03,342
{\an1}of night riders, vigilantes

325
00:18:03,366 --> 00:18:05,476
coming to take her
off the train.

326
00:18:05,500 --> 00:18:06,909
{\an1}Nothing like that happened,

327
00:18:06,933 --> 00:18:10,642
but she was terrified
all the way down.

328
00:18:10,666 --> 00:18:14,242
{\an1}-It meant, of course, that one
had to sit up all night,

329
00:18:14,266 --> 00:18:16,409
{\an1}and that was what we did.

330
00:18:16,433 --> 00:18:20,776
-♪ Poor me ♪

331
00:18:20,800 --> 00:18:23,576
{\an1}-I noticed some of my people

332
00:18:23,600 --> 00:18:28,076
were embarrassed
to the very core.

333
00:18:28,100 --> 00:18:31,042
{\an1}There were others who accepted

334
00:18:31,066 --> 00:18:34,076
what they were
having to live through.

335
00:18:34,100 --> 00:18:37,809
{\an1}They were not in the position
to do anything at all.

336
00:18:37,833 --> 00:18:45,833
-♪ Poor me ♪

337
00:18:47,800 --> 00:18:51,009
{\an1}-It was certainly necessary
to do something about it.

338
00:18:51,033 --> 00:18:52,642
-♪ Trouble will ♪

339
00:18:52,666 --> 00:18:57,942
♪ Bury ♪

340
00:18:57,966 --> 00:19:03,176
♪ Me ♪

341
00:19:03,200 --> 00:19:10,376
♪ Down ♪

342
00:19:10,400 --> 00:19:12,009
{\an1}-When she got to Savannah,

343
00:19:12,033 --> 00:19:14,876
{\an1}they got a very warm welcome
from the Black community,

344
00:19:14,900 --> 00:19:17,309
{\an1}and it turned out to be
a good experience for her.

345
00:19:17,333 --> 00:19:23,642
{\an8}♪♪♪

346
00:19:23,666 --> 00:19:25,442
{\an1}-In the summer of 1919,

347
00:19:25,466 --> 00:19:28,042
Marian Anderson
traveled to Chicago

348
00:19:28,066 --> 00:19:30,876
{\an1}for a six-week opera course.

349
00:19:30,900 --> 00:19:34,609
{\an8}She's coming from
Philadelphia to Chicago

350
00:19:34,633 --> 00:19:39,642
{\an7}during a time of unrest
in the city.

351
00:19:39,666 --> 00:19:42,842
-What you have
is a growing Black population,

352
00:19:42,866 --> 00:19:44,409
{\an1}and there's tensions between

353
00:19:44,433 --> 00:19:48,109
the Black population
and the white population.

354
00:19:48,133 --> 00:19:50,642
{\an1}-An African-American young man

355
00:19:50,666 --> 00:19:55,309
{\an1}had floated in the lake
to the wrong side.

356
00:19:55,333 --> 00:19:58,109
{\an1}They threw a rock and hit him.

357
00:19:58,133 --> 00:20:01,142
And he died.

358
00:20:01,166 --> 00:20:04,442
{\an1}There was a race riot.

359
00:20:04,466 --> 00:20:07,109
{\an1}-When she sang "The Crucifixion"
in the 1950s,

360
00:20:07,133 --> 00:20:12,109
{\an1}you could hear the memories of
the South and the riots of 1919.

361
00:20:12,133 --> 00:20:17,976
-♪ They crucified ♪

362
00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:23,609
♪ My Lord ♪

363
00:20:23,633 --> 00:20:28,642
♪ And He never said ♪

364
00:20:28,666 --> 00:20:36,666
♪ A mumblin' word ♪

365
00:20:36,833 --> 00:20:42,409
♪ They crucified ♪

366
00:20:42,433 --> 00:20:48,209
♪ My Lord ♪

367
00:20:48,233 --> 00:20:53,576
♪ And he never said ♪

368
00:20:53,600 --> 00:21:01,600
♪ A mumblin' word ♪

369
00:21:02,200 --> 00:21:10,200
♪ Not a word ♪

370
00:21:20,533 --> 00:21:25,942
♪ He bowed his head ♪

371
00:21:25,966 --> 00:21:32,709
♪ And died ♪

372
00:21:32,733 --> 00:21:38,942
♪ And He never said ♪

373
00:21:38,966 --> 00:21:44,809
♪ A mumblin' ♪

374
00:21:44,833 --> 00:21:49,476
♪ Word ♪

375
00:21:49,500 --> 00:21:57,500
♪ Not a word ♪

376
00:22:09,466 --> 00:22:15,109
♪ Not a ♪

377
00:22:15,133 --> 00:22:23,133
♪ Word ♪

378
00:22:30,666 --> 00:22:34,742
{\an1}-Although there was a riot
going on in Chicago,

379
00:22:34,766 --> 00:22:37,809
{\an1}she entered the competition

380
00:22:37,833 --> 00:22:41,476
{\an1}of the National Association
of Negro Musicians.

381
00:22:41,500 --> 00:22:44,609
They were having
their first festival.

382
00:22:44,633 --> 00:22:49,276
And Marian Anderson
won the competition.

383
00:22:49,300 --> 00:22:55,109
She sang the aria
"Adieu, Forets" by Tchaikovsky.

384
00:22:55,133 --> 00:22:57,942
{\an1}And it's Joan of Arc's aria.

385
00:22:57,966 --> 00:23:01,042
[ Marian singing
"Adieu, Forets" ]

386
00:23:01,066 --> 00:23:06,076
{\an8}♪♪♪

387
00:23:06,100 --> 00:23:07,710
- {\an8}-The<i>
- Chicago Defender</i>

388
00:23:07,736 --> 00:23:11,309
{\an7}runs a spectacular review
of her singing,

389
00:23:11,333 --> 00:23:14,876
{\an7}says everyone should hear
this young woman sing.

390
00:23:14,900 --> 00:23:16,876
It kicks her up
to another level,

391
00:23:16,900 --> 00:23:20,342
{\an1}and she's becoming known
around the Black institutions.

392
00:23:20,366 --> 00:23:23,476
[ Marian singing
"Adieu, Forets" ]

393
00:23:23,500 --> 00:23:30,409
{\an8}♪♪♪

394
00:23:30,433 --> 00:23:33,342
{\an1}-Marian wanted to study music

395
00:23:33,366 --> 00:23:37,042
{\an1}on a higher education scale.

396
00:23:37,066 --> 00:23:38,542
{\an1}-Her Aunt Mary encouraged her

397
00:23:38,566 --> 00:23:42,009
to try to get with
a white music school,

398
00:23:42,033 --> 00:23:44,142
{\an1}and the woman at the desk
insults her,

399
00:23:44,166 --> 00:23:45,942
says, you know,
"We don't take colored here.

400
00:23:45,966 --> 00:23:49,342
{\an1}What are you doing here?
You don't belong here."

401
00:23:49,366 --> 00:23:53,476
{\an1}-It was more a shock to me
coming from a young person.

402
00:23:53,500 --> 00:23:57,476
{\an1}If it had been an old person,
a sour-looking person,

403
00:23:57,500 --> 00:24:01,309
it would never
have been quite a shock,

404
00:24:01,333 --> 00:24:03,676
{\an1}but that there was a young
person to come out bluntly

405
00:24:03,700 --> 00:24:07,376
and say,
"We don't take colored,"

406
00:24:07,400 --> 00:24:09,776
{\an1}I was not prepared for it.

407
00:24:09,800 --> 00:24:12,642
{\an8}♪♪♪

408
00:24:12,666 --> 00:24:15,376
I felt for the moment
that all of my dreams

409
00:24:15,400 --> 00:24:17,876
were just shattered
around my head.

410
00:24:17,900 --> 00:24:21,642
[ Marian singing
"Adieu, Forets" ]

411
00:24:21,666 --> 00:24:28,076
{\an8}♪♪♪

412
00:24:28,100 --> 00:24:30,109
{\an1}[ Indistinct conversations ]

413
00:24:30,133 --> 00:24:34,376
{\an8}♪♪♪

414
00:24:34,400 --> 00:24:36,609
-Prior to the '20s,
most people didn't graduate

415
00:24:36,633 --> 00:24:38,509
from high school.

416
00:24:38,533 --> 00:24:40,309
{\an1}You were lucky if you had a year

417
00:24:40,333 --> 00:24:43,576
{\an1}or got through the eighth grade.

418
00:24:43,600 --> 00:24:47,642
{\an1}Anna really wanted Marian
to finish.

419
00:24:47,666 --> 00:24:49,309
{\an1}One thing that helped her

420
00:24:49,333 --> 00:24:54,342
was that she always
looked younger than she was.

421
00:24:54,366 --> 00:24:56,933
She graduated
from high school at 24.

422
00:25:00,700 --> 00:25:03,442
While she's still
in her early twenties,

423
00:25:03,466 --> 00:25:07,509
{\an1}she meets Orpheus Fisher,
known as King Fisher.

424
00:25:07,533 --> 00:25:08,942
{\an1}-There was this very tall

425
00:25:08,966 --> 00:25:11,776
{\an1}and fine-looking young man
in the door,

426
00:25:11,800 --> 00:25:13,709
{\an1}and as I tried to get in,

427
00:25:13,733 --> 00:25:17,042
he stretched his arms
across the door

428
00:25:17,066 --> 00:25:18,909
{\an1}and wouldn't let me in,

429
00:25:18,933 --> 00:25:21,809
all the time
grinning and giggling.

430
00:25:21,833 --> 00:25:26,342
{\an1}-Orpheus Fisher came from
a solidly middle-class family,

431
00:25:26,366 --> 00:25:28,476
{\an1}all of whom had light skin.

432
00:25:28,500 --> 00:25:33,676
{\an1}He could pass for white, easily,
and sometimes he did.

433
00:25:33,700 --> 00:25:36,509
{\an1}-When I went in, I met another
very charming young man,

434
00:25:36,533 --> 00:25:39,009
{\an1}much shorter than the one
whom I'd seen at the door,

435
00:25:39,033 --> 00:25:43,542
{\an1}but I could see a very strong
family resemblance.

436
00:25:43,566 --> 00:25:45,709
{\an8}♪♪♪

437
00:25:45,733 --> 00:25:48,242
{\an1}One brother would come over
to see me,

438
00:25:48,266 --> 00:25:52,676
{\an1}and then they would both
come together for quite a while.

439
00:25:52,700 --> 00:25:57,476
{\an1}And then one day, the one
who had stood in the doorway,

440
00:25:57,500 --> 00:26:01,442
he moved his hand
across the back of the sofa

441
00:26:01,466 --> 00:26:03,509
{\an1}and touched my shoulder.

442
00:26:03,533 --> 00:26:05,176
{\an1}And I saw the little paper,

443
00:26:05,200 --> 00:26:09,876
{\an1}so I took it as discreetly
as I could and looked at it.

444
00:26:09,900 --> 00:26:12,476
It said, "This affair
between you and my brother

445
00:26:12,500 --> 00:26:14,409
has got to stop."

446
00:26:14,433 --> 00:26:17,509
[ Laughs ]

447
00:26:17,533 --> 00:26:20,576
{\an8}♪♪♪

448
00:26:20,600 --> 00:26:23,909
When my young man
was finished with school,

449
00:26:23,933 --> 00:26:26,209
{\an1}he would come over to our house.

450
00:26:26,233 --> 00:26:31,309
{\an1}We saw a good deal of each other
for quite some time.

451
00:26:31,333 --> 00:26:33,476
{\an1}We knew that we would marry.

452
00:26:33,500 --> 00:26:35,742
{\an8}♪♪♪

453
00:26:35,766 --> 00:26:38,776
{\an8}-"My dearest Marian,

454
00:26:38,800 --> 00:26:42,876
{\an1}I shall be waiting for you
with open arms.

455
00:26:42,900 --> 00:26:46,200
{\an1}Love always, Orpheus."

456
00:26:47,633 --> 00:26:50,409
{\an8}♪♪♪

457
00:26:50,433 --> 00:26:55,909
{\an1}-♪ Every time I feel the spirit
moving in my heart ♪

458
00:26:55,933 --> 00:26:57,742
♪ I will pray ♪

459
00:26:57,766 --> 00:27:03,409
{\an7}♪ Every time I feel the spirit
moving in my heart ♪

460
00:27:03,433 --> 00:27:05,509
{\an8}♪ I will pray ♪

461
00:27:05,533 --> 00:27:09,142
{\an8}♪ 'Pon the mountain
my Lord spoke ♪

462
00:27:09,166 --> 00:27:12,876
♪ Out His mouth
came fire and smoke ♪

463
00:27:12,900 --> 00:27:16,442
{\an1}♪ In the valley, on my knees ♪

464
00:27:16,466 --> 00:27:20,542
{\an8}♪ Asked, "My Lord,
have mercy, please" ♪

465
00:27:20,566 --> 00:27:26,176
{\an7}♪ Every time I feel the spirit
moving in my heart ♪

466
00:27:26,200 --> 00:27:28,109
♪ I will pray ♪

467
00:27:28,133 --> 00:27:32,942
{\an1}♪ Every time I feel the spirit
moving in my heart... ♪

468
00:27:32,966 --> 00:27:36,876
-The pastor decided
to take up a collection.

469
00:27:36,900 --> 00:27:41,442
{\an1}I remember him saying, "We want
to do something for our Marian.

470
00:27:41,466 --> 00:27:44,776
{\an1}She is like an old shoe."

471
00:27:44,800 --> 00:27:47,976
[ Laughs ]

472
00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:51,242
{\an1}-When you find somebody
talented like Marian Anderson,

473
00:27:51,266 --> 00:27:53,242
what the church does
is recognize,

474
00:27:53,266 --> 00:27:56,942
{\an1}"Let us put some resources so
we can help build that talent,

475
00:27:56,966 --> 00:28:00,176
because her success
is our success."

476
00:28:00,200 --> 00:28:01,976
{\an1}-We were invited to sing

477
00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:05,076
at as many churches
as we could possibly go.

478
00:28:05,100 --> 00:28:07,376
{\an8}♪♪♪

479
00:28:07,400 --> 00:28:10,642
{\an1}From the YWCA to the YMCA
to the Methodist Church,

480
00:28:10,666 --> 00:28:12,509
{\an1}to the Episcopal Church,
to the Baptist Church.

481
00:28:12,533 --> 00:28:15,342
{\an1}There was always something
given at different churches.

482
00:28:15,366 --> 00:28:16,676
{\an1}And sometimes in an evening

483
00:28:16,700 --> 00:28:18,376
I would appear
at three different places

484
00:28:18,400 --> 00:28:22,542
{\an1}singing the same song,
which I played myself.

485
00:28:22,566 --> 00:28:24,576
{\an1}Sometimes I would arrive home
with a dollar,

486
00:28:24,600 --> 00:28:28,109
{\an1}sometimes a dollar and a half,
sometimes two dollars.

487
00:28:28,133 --> 00:28:30,742
I was as busy...
You cannot imagine...

488
00:28:30,766 --> 00:28:34,042
{\an1}and my aunt would run with me
from one place to the other.

489
00:28:34,066 --> 00:28:35,942
{\an8}♪♪♪

490
00:28:35,966 --> 00:28:39,476
{\an1}On one of these occasions,
Billy King showed up,

491
00:28:39,500 --> 00:28:42,876
whispered in my ear
and said, "May I?"

492
00:28:42,900 --> 00:28:45,966
{\an1}I was absolutely thrilled
to pieces.

493
00:28:48,300 --> 00:28:51,476
-Billy King was
a very talented musician.

494
00:28:51,500 --> 00:28:55,109
He was an accompanist
for a variety of musicians,

495
00:28:55,133 --> 00:28:57,742
{\an1}including Roland Hayes.

496
00:28:57,766 --> 00:29:02,242
-He suggested that
in order to raise money,

497
00:29:02,266 --> 00:29:04,942
he would set up
a United States tour.

498
00:29:04,966 --> 00:29:08,409
{\an1}Their musical relationship
would take off.

499
00:29:08,433 --> 00:29:11,442
{\an8}♪♪♪

500
00:29:11,466 --> 00:29:14,542
{\an1}-The tours that we took,
Billy and I,

501
00:29:14,566 --> 00:29:17,609
{\an1}carried us mostly in the South.

502
00:29:17,633 --> 00:29:21,676
{\an1}One felt that
<i>now</i> we're getting
to have a career.

503
00:29:21,700 --> 00:29:25,409
-In 1923, Billy King
had become her manager.

504
00:29:25,433 --> 00:29:31,209
{\an1}-We sang in the Negro colleges
and universities and churches.

505
00:29:31,233 --> 00:29:35,376
{\an8}♪♪♪

506
00:29:35,400 --> 00:29:37,442
{\an1}-She couldn't have traveled
the way she did

507
00:29:37,466 --> 00:29:40,609
{\an1}in the South and the Midwest
in those years without Billy.

508
00:29:40,633 --> 00:29:42,076
{\an1}A single Black woman alone

509
00:29:42,100 --> 00:29:45,642
would have been
very, very dangerous for her.

510
00:29:45,666 --> 00:29:47,809
{\an1}I think he wanted to marry her.

511
00:29:47,833 --> 00:29:51,142
He was jealous
of Orpheus Fisher.

512
00:29:51,166 --> 00:29:54,242
{\an1}-I didn't have that same feeling
about Billy.

513
00:29:54,266 --> 00:29:56,076
{\an1}In a way, he was a boyfriend

514
00:29:56,100 --> 00:29:59,376
{\an1}without the other things
that go with it.

515
00:29:59,400 --> 00:30:03,109
-"Is that Billy King
staying in his place?

516
00:30:03,133 --> 00:30:06,309
I'm dying to see you
and hear about all of the things

517
00:30:06,333 --> 00:30:10,309
that you have done
and planning on doing.

518
00:30:10,333 --> 00:30:15,176
{\an1}Always yours, Orpheus."

519
00:30:15,200 --> 00:30:17,342
-Billy King
was able to make money,

520
00:30:17,366 --> 00:30:20,576
{\an1}and I was able to make money.

521
00:30:20,600 --> 00:30:24,142
All of this
led up to bigger concerts

522
00:30:24,166 --> 00:30:26,276
and longer tours

523
00:30:26,300 --> 00:30:28,876
{\an1}and appearances in places

524
00:30:28,900 --> 00:30:32,576
{\an1}where one might attract
the attention of people

525
00:30:32,600 --> 00:30:37,242
{\an1}who were not only church people
or college people.

526
00:30:37,266 --> 00:30:39,976
And one day,
one picked up the phone

527
00:30:40,000 --> 00:30:43,009
{\an1}and called the Wanamaker Store.

528
00:30:43,033 --> 00:30:46,809
{\an1}I had never had the satisfaction
in my life

529
00:30:46,833 --> 00:30:50,276
{\an1}that I got the morning
I told Miss Hennessy

530
00:30:50,300 --> 00:30:54,476
in as breezy a tone
as I could muster up

531
00:30:54,500 --> 00:30:55,876
that my mother

532
00:30:55,900 --> 00:31:00,442
{\an1}would not be coming back
to work there anymore.

533
00:31:00,466 --> 00:31:03,309
{\an1}There was a small house
on Martin Street.

534
00:31:03,333 --> 00:31:05,709
{\an1}Mother and I put money in
together

535
00:31:05,733 --> 00:31:07,733
{\an1}to get the little house.

536
00:31:10,600 --> 00:31:13,409
{\an1}Then we went to Mr. Boghetti.

537
00:31:13,433 --> 00:31:14,876
In the studio,

538
00:31:14,900 --> 00:31:19,676
{\an7}one had a completely new
and different training.

539
00:31:19,700 --> 00:31:23,142
{\an7}-Giuseppe Boghetti was
a dynamic vocal coach and artist

540
00:31:23,166 --> 00:31:25,542
{\an1}based out of Philadelphia,

541
00:31:25,566 --> 00:31:27,976
and he was known
around the world.

542
00:31:28,000 --> 00:31:30,942
Mr. Boghetti
had a full slate of students

543
00:31:30,966 --> 00:31:34,509
and didn't feel that
he could fit in one more.

544
00:31:34,533 --> 00:31:38,676
{\an1}-The song which we sang for
Mr. Boghetti was "Deep River."

545
00:31:38,700 --> 00:31:46,700
-♪ Deep river ♪

546
00:31:47,566 --> 00:31:52,276
{\an1}-She was able to deliver
"Deep River" with such artistry

547
00:31:52,300 --> 00:31:55,076
{\an1}that Mr. Boghetti said
he would take her right away.

548
00:31:55,100 --> 00:31:59,276
{\an8}♪♪♪

549
00:31:59,300 --> 00:32:01,876
{\an1}-Among the things which
Mr. Boghetti gave me to learn

550
00:32:01,900 --> 00:32:03,609
was the "Ave Maria,"

551
00:32:03,633 --> 00:32:06,676
{\an1}and he gave me to learn
the three verses,

552
00:32:06,700 --> 00:32:07,876
and it seemed to me

553
00:32:07,900 --> 00:32:10,742
to be the longest
and the most drawn-out

554
00:32:10,766 --> 00:32:15,809
{\an1}and the most uninteresting
thing that there was.

555
00:32:15,833 --> 00:32:17,909
{\an1}And I did not know any German,

556
00:32:17,933 --> 00:32:21,809
and it was really
a great trouble.

557
00:32:21,833 --> 00:32:25,942
The "Ave Maria"
was put by the side.

558
00:32:25,966 --> 00:32:28,709
{\an7}-He had a particular approach
to classical music,

559
00:32:28,733 --> 00:32:32,842
{\an7}and it was, you know, bel canto,
which really favored sopranos.

560
00:32:32,866 --> 00:32:35,376
Although she had
a three-octave range,

561
00:32:35,400 --> 00:32:37,809
she sang in the contralto mode.

562
00:32:37,833 --> 00:32:41,676
{\an7}-Contralto being the lowest
possible female voice.

563
00:32:41,700 --> 00:32:43,676
{\an8}She could sing that

564
00:32:43,700 --> 00:32:46,709
{\an8}to break your heart
into a million pieces.

565
00:32:46,733 --> 00:32:50,209
{\an1}But she also had a great top.
She had a great high C.

566
00:32:50,233 --> 00:32:52,476
{\an1}And her voice could live
above the staff,

567
00:32:52,500 --> 00:32:56,309
{\an1}meaning in soprano territory.

568
00:32:56,333 --> 00:32:58,642
-I don't feel
that the singing of high C

569
00:32:58,666 --> 00:33:00,542
{\an1}was any trouble at all.

570
00:33:00,566 --> 00:33:02,242
To me, it was a lark.

571
00:33:02,266 --> 00:33:06,909
{\an1}[ Marian vocalizing scales ]

572
00:33:06,933 --> 00:33:09,276
{\an1}One did not confine herself

573
00:33:09,300 --> 00:33:13,009
{\an1}to being either soprano
or contralto or anything else,

574
00:33:13,033 --> 00:33:15,909
but one was billed
as a contralto.

575
00:33:15,933 --> 00:33:18,076
{\an1}[ Marian vocalizing scales ]

576
00:33:18,100 --> 00:33:24,509
{\an8}♪♪♪

577
00:33:24,533 --> 00:33:28,242
-"How did things go?
Did you do as well as expected?

578
00:33:28,266 --> 00:33:29,909
I know you did.

579
00:33:29,933 --> 00:33:33,076
Little Marian
always does her best,

580
00:33:33,100 --> 00:33:34,742
even in loving me.

581
00:33:34,766 --> 00:33:36,242
Ha! Ha!

582
00:33:36,266 --> 00:33:39,042
Always, Orpheus."

583
00:33:39,066 --> 00:33:41,209
{\an8}♪♪♪

584
00:33:41,233 --> 00:33:43,076
{\an1}-Orpheus came along and asked me

585
00:33:43,100 --> 00:33:47,942
{\an1}if I would run off with him
to marry.

586
00:33:47,966 --> 00:33:50,776
{\an1}Well, the thought of it
just terrified me.

587
00:33:50,800 --> 00:33:53,409
{\an8}♪♪♪

588
00:33:53,433 --> 00:33:55,409
{\an1}I didn't have any idea
what we would do.

589
00:33:55,433 --> 00:33:57,676
He was in school,
and I wasn't out of school,

590
00:33:57,700 --> 00:33:59,542
and I knew that
if we should marry,

591
00:33:59,566 --> 00:34:02,042
{\an1}we should expect the things
that people do expect

592
00:34:02,066 --> 00:34:04,176
{\an1}when they get married.

593
00:34:04,200 --> 00:34:06,109
{\an1}I would have to give up my work,

594
00:34:06,133 --> 00:34:08,509
{\an1}I would have to do this and that
and the other.

595
00:34:08,533 --> 00:34:10,776
{\an8}♪♪♪

596
00:34:10,800 --> 00:34:13,642
I realized
that I could not marry then,

597
00:34:13,666 --> 00:34:16,176
and I think
that he realized it, too.

598
00:34:16,200 --> 00:34:18,442
{\an8}♪♪♪

599
00:34:18,466 --> 00:34:22,566
And then he went off
to New York.

600
00:34:23,966 --> 00:34:26,709
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically
in German ]

601
00:34:26,733 --> 00:34:31,576
♪♪♪

602
00:34:31,600 --> 00:34:35,876
{\an1}-In 1924, she gets a contract
to sing at Town Hall.

603
00:34:35,900 --> 00:34:38,342
{\an1}It was a mid-Manhattan venue

604
00:34:38,366 --> 00:34:43,309
that was kind of
a testing ground for artists.

605
00:34:43,333 --> 00:34:46,176
-My great desire
was to sing German

606
00:34:46,200 --> 00:34:49,609
{\an1}because it was one of the things
that Roland Hayes had done.

607
00:34:49,633 --> 00:34:53,642
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically
in German ]

608
00:34:53,666 --> 00:34:58,376
Mr. Boghetti gave me
four songs by Brahms.

609
00:34:58,400 --> 00:35:01,742
{\an7}In these translations,
you do not always find

610
00:35:01,766 --> 00:35:05,409
{\an7}the meaning of the same word
in English,

611
00:35:05,433 --> 00:35:07,942
{\an1}so it is not too unlikely

612
00:35:07,966 --> 00:35:11,109
that in trying to be
very proper about it,

613
00:35:11,133 --> 00:35:15,609
that your accents
go the wrong places.

614
00:35:15,633 --> 00:35:17,142
{\an1}-It's quite a leap for her...

615
00:35:17,166 --> 00:35:20,342
A very discerning
New York audience.

616
00:35:20,366 --> 00:35:22,342
{\an1}-For me, it was a big day,

617
00:35:22,366 --> 00:35:25,076
{\an1}and I felt for all the world
like a prima donna.

618
00:35:25,100 --> 00:35:29,776
{\an1}Mr. Boghetti said to me
the house was sold out.

619
00:35:29,800 --> 00:35:33,309
The house was maybe
just a third filled.

620
00:35:33,333 --> 00:35:37,242
{\an1}And all of the enthusiasm
and everything else

621
00:35:37,266 --> 00:35:40,009
that I had built up
for this concert

622
00:35:40,033 --> 00:35:42,466
{\an1}seemed to fall to my feet.

623
00:35:43,766 --> 00:35:51,766
{\an8}♪♪♪

624
00:36:03,666 --> 00:36:09,400
{\an1}-It just left a negative impact
for her to have to wear.

625
00:36:11,700 --> 00:36:15,942
-I was embarrassed.
I didn't want to see music.

626
00:36:15,966 --> 00:36:18,676
I didn't particularly
want to hear it.

627
00:36:18,700 --> 00:36:21,442
And I was pretty sure
that I would choose

628
00:36:21,466 --> 00:36:24,242
{\an1}something else as my profession.

629
00:36:24,266 --> 00:36:30,642
{\an8}♪♪♪

630
00:36:30,666 --> 00:36:34,276
My mother said to me,
"My child, listen.

631
00:36:34,300 --> 00:36:39,476
{\an1}Whatever you do in this world,
no matter how good it is,

632
00:36:39,500 --> 00:36:43,476
{\an1}you will never be able
to please everybody.

633
00:36:43,500 --> 00:36:45,676
{\an1}But what one should strive for

634
00:36:45,700 --> 00:36:49,676
{\an1}is to do the very best
humanly possible."

635
00:36:49,700 --> 00:36:55,776
{\an8}♪♪♪

636
00:36:55,800 --> 00:36:58,376
{\an1}It was probably a whole year

637
00:36:58,400 --> 00:37:02,876
{\an1}before I got really the urge
or felt that nothing else

638
00:37:02,900 --> 00:37:07,676
would take the place
that music had taken.

639
00:37:07,700 --> 00:37:12,100
-1924 was a dark time
for Marian Anderson.

640
00:37:14,166 --> 00:37:17,542
Her Aunt Mary dies.

641
00:37:17,566 --> 00:37:20,276
The love of her life,
Orpheus King Fisher,

642
00:37:20,300 --> 00:37:24,876
married a white woman
and was passing as white.

643
00:37:24,900 --> 00:37:27,833
{\an1}She took blow after blow
in 1924.

644
00:37:30,933 --> 00:37:33,242
-Quite often
when you have a calling

645
00:37:33,266 --> 00:37:36,376
{\an1}and there are these low points,

646
00:37:36,400 --> 00:37:41,476
{\an1}something will happen that will
get you back up on the horse.

647
00:37:41,500 --> 00:37:45,742
{\an1}-The NAACP awards Roland Hayes
the Spingarn Medal,

648
00:37:45,766 --> 00:37:48,742
{\an1}which is the highest honor
the NAACP gives.

649
00:37:48,766 --> 00:37:52,776
{\an1}-And he spoke with Walter White
of the NAACP

650
00:37:52,800 --> 00:37:57,742
{\an1}about having Marian Anderson
sing at this ceremony.

651
00:37:57,766 --> 00:38:00,442
{\an1}-She was just glorious
that night.

652
00:38:00,466 --> 00:38:02,842
{\an1}She gets her confidence back.

653
00:38:02,866 --> 00:38:07,209
{\an1}-It was a happy day when one
came back and began to sing.

654
00:38:07,233 --> 00:38:09,409
-It was one of those
very dangerous moments

655
00:38:09,433 --> 00:38:11,442
{\an1}when she could have ended
and we would not have had

656
00:38:11,466 --> 00:38:14,533
the Marian Anderson
that we come to know and love.

657
00:38:15,866 --> 00:38:18,342
{\an8}♪♪♪

658
00:38:18,366 --> 00:38:21,476
{\an1}-Marian Anderson was the first
African-American artist

659
00:38:21,500 --> 00:38:23,942
{\an1}to be signed by RCA Victor.

660
00:38:23,966 --> 00:38:26,042
{\an8}♪♪♪

661
00:38:26,066 --> 00:38:27,542
And that recording

662
00:38:27,566 --> 00:38:31,042
{\an1}was Harry T. Burleigh's
"Deep River."

663
00:38:31,066 --> 00:38:39,066
{\an1}-♪ That Promised Land ♪

664
00:38:40,166 --> 00:38:41,642
{\an1}-I went into the store,

665
00:38:41,666 --> 00:38:45,976
{\an1}and on the gramophone,
they played "Deep River."

666
00:38:46,000 --> 00:38:48,142
{\an1}My heart began to jump like mad,

667
00:38:48,166 --> 00:38:52,476
{\an1}and I was flustered beyond
anything you can imagine.

668
00:38:52,500 --> 00:38:57,142
-♪ Oh, deep... ♪

669
00:38:57,166 --> 00:38:58,842
{\an1}-That was my first experience

670
00:38:58,866 --> 00:39:01,476
of hearing my voice
on a gramophone.

671
00:39:01,500 --> 00:39:04,542
-♪ River ♪

672
00:39:04,566 --> 00:39:10,876
{\an8}♪ Lord ♪

673
00:39:10,900 --> 00:39:18,209
{\an7}♪ I want to cross over ♪

674
00:39:18,233 --> 00:39:25,876
{\an8}♪ Into campground ♪

675
00:39:25,900 --> 00:39:29,176
{\an8}♪♪♪

676
00:39:29,200 --> 00:39:32,142
-1925 turns out to be

677
00:39:32,166 --> 00:39:37,509
{\an1}a great sort of comeback year
for Marian Anderson.

678
00:39:37,533 --> 00:39:39,242
{\an1}Giuseppe Boghetti enters her

679
00:39:39,266 --> 00:39:42,109
into an annual
musical competition.

680
00:39:42,133 --> 00:39:43,776
{\an1}-Mr. Boghetti said to me,

681
00:39:43,800 --> 00:39:47,809
{\an1}"Whatever happens, don't stop
until you get to the end

682
00:39:47,833 --> 00:39:50,676
{\an1}and you can do your trill."

683
00:39:50,700 --> 00:39:52,809
{\an1}-She's considered to be so good

684
00:39:52,833 --> 00:39:54,976
that they cancel
the later auditions

685
00:39:55,000 --> 00:39:57,042
and they just
give her the prize.

686
00:39:57,066 --> 00:40:00,076
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically ]

687
00:40:00,100 --> 00:40:08,100
{\an8}♪♪♪

688
00:40:14,300 --> 00:40:17,942
{\an1}-The prize was to sing with
the New York Philharmonic,

689
00:40:17,966 --> 00:40:20,276
{\an1}and no African-American
had ever done that before.

690
00:40:20,300 --> 00:40:24,009
So, all of a sudden,
she's breaking these barriers.

691
00:40:24,033 --> 00:40:25,476
{\an1}-There was a certain thrill

692
00:40:25,500 --> 00:40:28,709
walking to stand
next to the conductor,

693
00:40:28,733 --> 00:40:34,042
and as I remember it,
the stadium was just jam-packed.

694
00:40:34,066 --> 00:40:39,709
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically ]

695
00:40:39,733 --> 00:40:44,642
{\an1}And it was naturally one's
great, great, great moment.

696
00:40:44,666 --> 00:40:46,676
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically ]

697
00:40:46,700 --> 00:40:54,700
♪♪♪

698
00:41:02,800 --> 00:41:04,476
[ Song finale plays ]

699
00:41:04,500 --> 00:41:06,509
{\an1}-It just catapults her.

700
00:41:06,533 --> 00:41:08,309
{\an1}That's one of the things
that convinces her

701
00:41:08,333 --> 00:41:10,542
{\an1}that she can now go to Europe.

702
00:41:10,566 --> 00:41:12,376
{\an8}♪♪♪

703
00:41:12,400 --> 00:41:16,009
{\an1}-Taking practically all the
money that one had saved up,

704
00:41:16,033 --> 00:41:20,342
{\an1}which was about $1,700,
and leaving behind in the bank

705
00:41:20,366 --> 00:41:22,076
sufficient money
to bring me home

706
00:41:22,100 --> 00:41:24,576
{\an1}should everything go wrong,

707
00:41:24,600 --> 00:41:29,542
{\an1}off I went the first time
to England.

708
00:41:29,566 --> 00:41:33,142
{\an1}-When she got to Europe,
they could stay in any hotel.

709
00:41:33,166 --> 00:41:35,009
{\an1}There were no separate
drinking fountains.

710
00:41:35,033 --> 00:41:37,342
{\an8}Jim Crow
did not apply in Europe.

711
00:41:37,366 --> 00:41:40,842
-Europe did not have the history

712
00:41:40,866 --> 00:41:42,276
that America has had

713
00:41:42,300 --> 00:41:46,242
{\an1}with African-American people
and people of color.

714
00:41:46,266 --> 00:41:50,009
{\an1}Didn't have that stain.

715
00:41:50,033 --> 00:41:53,876
{\an7}-Many of the cultural performers
began to recognize

716
00:41:53,900 --> 00:41:56,009
{\an7}that while they weren't getting
an opportunity

717
00:41:56,033 --> 00:41:59,542
{\an7}to play in the big venues
in the United States,

718
00:41:59,566 --> 00:42:01,242
in Europe they were.

719
00:42:01,266 --> 00:42:04,342
{\an1}And they are paid better.
Mostly they are treated better.

720
00:42:04,366 --> 00:42:07,942
{\an1}-[ Singing operatically ]

721
00:42:07,966 --> 00:42:11,876
{\an1}-Josephine Baker became
a prominent French entertainer,

722
00:42:11,900 --> 00:42:13,542
singer, dancer.

723
00:42:13,566 --> 00:42:18,209
{\an1}[ Cheers and applause ]

724
00:42:18,233 --> 00:42:20,209
{\an1}-Paul Robeson was cast across

725
00:42:20,233 --> 00:42:23,476
from a white actress
at the Savoy Theatre.

726
00:42:23,500 --> 00:42:27,142
{\an1}This was something that was not
happening in the United States,

727
00:42:27,166 --> 00:42:30,333
{\an1}where you still had this
strong tradition of blackface.

728
00:42:32,800 --> 00:42:37,042
{\an7}-One felt a freedom in London.

729
00:42:37,066 --> 00:42:39,676
{\an8}I stayed in the house
of John Payne.

730
00:42:39,700 --> 00:42:44,242
{\an7}-He was a famous baritone.
He had this beautiful house.

731
00:42:44,266 --> 00:42:49,042
{\an1}It was a kind of boarding house
for Black musicians.

732
00:42:49,066 --> 00:42:50,876
{\an1}She met Alberta Hunter there.

733
00:42:50,900 --> 00:42:54,009
{\an1}She met Josephine Baker,
Paul Robeson,

734
00:42:54,033 --> 00:42:57,642
Amanda Aldridge,
who was a great Black soprano

735
00:42:57,666 --> 00:42:59,976
{\an1}and famous within the Black
community, a voice teacher.

736
00:43:00,000 --> 00:43:01,976
{\an1}She becomes her student,

737
00:43:02,000 --> 00:43:05,309
and she gets training
like she's never had before.

738
00:43:05,333 --> 00:43:09,442
{\an1}Prior to that time, she had only
spoken German phonetically,

739
00:43:09,466 --> 00:43:12,976
and she hadn't tried
much Italian at that point.

740
00:43:13,000 --> 00:43:17,876
{\an1}She really wasn't a linguist
so much as she was a mimic.

741
00:43:17,900 --> 00:43:20,909
{\an1}-A lot of the stereotypes
that surround African-Americans

742
00:43:20,933 --> 00:43:24,642
{\an1}was that we couldn't even
speak English correctly.

743
00:43:24,666 --> 00:43:30,676
{\an1}How were we supposed to learn
French or German or Italian?

744
00:43:30,700 --> 00:43:33,809
-In order to be
a first-rate artist,

745
00:43:33,833 --> 00:43:37,809
a great deal of time
and a great deal of energy

746
00:43:37,833 --> 00:43:40,542
{\an1}would need to be spent
in this direction,

747
00:43:40,566 --> 00:43:44,042
{\an1}as well as with the voice.

748
00:43:44,066 --> 00:43:45,742
-I don't think
she really expected

749
00:43:45,766 --> 00:43:47,842
{\an1}to do much concert singing.

750
00:43:47,866 --> 00:43:49,776
{\an1}She was going more as a student.

751
00:43:49,800 --> 00:43:53,809
But she ends up
giving several concerts.

752
00:43:53,833 --> 00:43:56,042
The most famous
is at the Wigmore Hall,

753
00:43:56,066 --> 00:43:58,109
{\an1}where she just dazzles
the crowd.

754
00:43:58,133 --> 00:44:01,009
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically ]

755
00:44:01,033 --> 00:44:09,033
{\an8}♪♪♪

756
00:44:42,400 --> 00:44:43,709
{\an1}-It's an eleven months

757
00:44:43,733 --> 00:44:47,876
{\an1}that transformed her life
and her career.

758
00:44:47,900 --> 00:44:49,942
[ Sea birds crying ]

759
00:44:49,966 --> 00:44:52,076
[ Bell clanging,
ship horn blows ]

760
00:44:52,100 --> 00:45:00,100
{\an8}♪♪♪

761
00:45:04,533 --> 00:45:06,376
-Having had a concert
in Chicago,

762
00:45:06,400 --> 00:45:09,309
one received a card
on which there was,

763
00:45:09,333 --> 00:45:13,676
{\an1}"Mr. Rayfield wants to see you
after the performance."

764
00:45:13,700 --> 00:45:19,976
Mr. Rayfield was a
representative of the Rosenwald.

765
00:45:20,000 --> 00:45:23,509
{\an1}-The Rosenwald Foundation, which
was a philanthropic organization

766
00:45:23,533 --> 00:45:25,776
{\an1}which had been started
back in 1915,

767
00:45:25,800 --> 00:45:28,209
often gave
to Black institutions,

768
00:45:28,233 --> 00:45:31,209
and they sometimes
sponsored individual artists.

769
00:45:31,233 --> 00:45:34,742
-They asked me
what my desires were,

770
00:45:34,766 --> 00:45:38,876
{\an1}and I told them that I would
like very much to go to Germany

771
00:45:38,900 --> 00:45:42,776
and learn something
about German lieder.

772
00:45:42,800 --> 00:45:47,233
{\an1}-In a few weeks, she was granted
a $1,500 Rosenwald grant.

773
00:45:50,300 --> 00:45:52,176
{\an1}-And off I went to Germany.

774
00:45:52,200 --> 00:45:56,609
{\an8}♪♪♪

775
00:45:56,633 --> 00:45:59,409
{\an1}There came through Berlin
two men.

776
00:45:59,433 --> 00:46:01,242
{\an1}One was interested in talent

777
00:46:01,266 --> 00:46:03,742
{\an1}because he was a manager
in Norway.

778
00:46:03,766 --> 00:46:07,242
{\an1}He wanted to know if one
was available for concerts.

779
00:46:07,266 --> 00:46:08,776
{\an1}And then he said to me,

780
00:46:08,800 --> 00:46:13,009
"If you come to sing,
this man will play for you,"

781
00:46:13,033 --> 00:46:14,976
and that was Kosti.

782
00:46:15,000 --> 00:46:18,342
I was, of course,
naturally very impressed.

783
00:46:18,366 --> 00:46:23,076
-Kosti Vehanen,
the great Finnish pianist.

784
00:46:23,100 --> 00:46:26,576
He was a very gentle,
absolute supreme musician

785
00:46:26,600 --> 00:46:30,342
and perfectionist
in the same sense that she was.

786
00:46:30,366 --> 00:46:32,776
And they just bonded.

787
00:46:32,800 --> 00:46:37,242
{\an1}-Kosti Vehanen, having listened
to Marian Anderson, and said,

788
00:46:37,266 --> 00:46:40,142
{\an7}"The voice is spectacular,
and the lady's spectacular.

789
00:46:40,166 --> 00:46:43,042
{\an8}"She will be,
as you say today, a hit."

790
00:46:43,066 --> 00:46:46,309
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically ]

791
00:46:46,333 --> 00:46:52,842
{\an8}♪♪♪

792
00:46:52,866 --> 00:46:56,542
-Kosti introduced me
to the music of Sibelius.

793
00:46:56,566 --> 00:46:58,676
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically ]

794
00:46:58,700 --> 00:47:05,776
{\an8}♪♪♪

795
00:47:05,800 --> 00:47:07,642
{\an1}One day, Kosti said to me,

796
00:47:07,666 --> 00:47:12,200
{\an1}"When we go to Finland,
maybe we can go and see him."

797
00:47:13,766 --> 00:47:16,642
{\an1}"Oh," I said, "I doubt
that we could see him."

798
00:47:16,666 --> 00:47:21,176
He said, "You wait.
I think maybe I can arrange."

799
00:47:21,200 --> 00:47:26,742
{\an1}-Sibelius was definitely
not just another good composer.

800
00:47:26,766 --> 00:47:28,842
{\an1}He was a national figure.

801
00:47:28,866 --> 00:47:32,309
{\an8}♪♪♪

802
00:47:32,333 --> 00:47:35,776
"Finlandia" is almost
their national anthem.

803
00:47:35,800 --> 00:47:40,109
{\an8}♪♪♪

804
00:47:40,133 --> 00:47:42,142
So you didn't just
meet Sibelius.

805
00:47:42,166 --> 00:47:45,276
{\an1}You asked for an audience.

806
00:47:45,300 --> 00:47:48,842
{\an1}-We were told before we went
that he would have

807
00:47:48,866 --> 00:47:52,342
just a half an hour,
that we were to have coffee.

808
00:47:52,366 --> 00:47:56,242
{\an1}Sibelius was not quite as tall
as I had expected him to be,

809
00:47:56,266 --> 00:47:59,476
{\an1}whose head was quite bald
and quite like something

810
00:47:59,500 --> 00:48:03,142
{\an1}that had been chiseled
out of marble.

811
00:48:03,166 --> 00:48:05,209
And, so, we sang.

812
00:48:05,233 --> 00:48:08,109
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically ]

813
00:48:08,133 --> 00:48:16,133
{\an8}♪♪♪

814
00:48:27,133 --> 00:48:31,909
{\an1}And he came over to me,
embraced me and said,

815
00:48:31,933 --> 00:48:35,609
{\an1}"My roof is too low for you."

816
00:48:35,633 --> 00:48:40,309
{\an1}And then he said in a loud
voice, "Champagne, champagne!"

817
00:48:40,333 --> 00:48:45,342
{\an1}We stayed there a bit more
than the half an hour.

818
00:48:45,366 --> 00:48:49,676
I came away
having felt very rewarded

819
00:48:49,700 --> 00:48:52,100
{\an1}for having had this experience.

820
00:48:55,100 --> 00:48:59,509
{\an1}And as if a sort of veil
or curtain had been lifted,

821
00:48:59,533 --> 00:49:02,976
one approached
the songs of Sibelius

822
00:49:03,000 --> 00:49:06,542
{\an1}and the songs of Scandinavia
in a different way.

823
00:49:06,566 --> 00:49:08,942
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically ]

824
00:49:08,966 --> 00:49:16,966
{\an8}♪♪♪

825
00:49:43,800 --> 00:49:46,942
-Her first concerts
were sold out in a minute,

826
00:49:46,966 --> 00:49:49,076
{\an1}and people couldn't get tickets.

827
00:49:49,100 --> 00:49:52,276
{\an1}-They went in thinking they were
going to see this Black singer

828
00:49:52,300 --> 00:49:54,409
{\an1}who was going to be exotic,
and they came out thinking,

829
00:49:54,433 --> 00:49:55,942
"I don't know
what I just experienced,

830
00:49:55,966 --> 00:49:59,609
{\an1}but I've never experienced
anything like this in my life."

831
00:49:59,633 --> 00:50:03,342
{\an1}-Many of them probably
had never seen a Black person.

832
00:50:03,366 --> 00:50:06,909
{\an1}-She was Black and she was tall
and had a Swedish name.

833
00:50:06,933 --> 00:50:09,709
"Anderson" is among
the five most common names.

834
00:50:09,733 --> 00:50:12,776
{\an1}It's like "Andrew's son."

835
00:50:12,800 --> 00:50:14,542
It was exciting.

836
00:50:14,566 --> 00:50:17,776
♪♪♪

837
00:50:17,800 --> 00:50:19,842
{\an1}-The success there was something

838
00:50:19,866 --> 00:50:21,342
which one had not

839
00:50:21,366 --> 00:50:24,609
really expected,

840
00:50:24,633 --> 00:50:26,376
{\an1}and it began to make one feel

841
00:50:26,400 --> 00:50:31,176
that all of this
was very, very worthwhile.

842
00:50:31,200 --> 00:50:34,476
The paper called it
"Marian Fever."

843
00:50:34,500 --> 00:50:36,476
♪♪♪

844
00:50:36,500 --> 00:50:40,109
{\an1}-People who knew her said that
she was an extremely intelligent

845
00:50:40,133 --> 00:50:42,876
and focused woman
and a nice person.

846
00:50:42,900 --> 00:50:47,609
{\an1}And personalities matter in this
"fever" business, if you wish.

847
00:50:47,633 --> 00:50:51,509
I mean, she was just
plainly loved by everybody.

848
00:50:51,533 --> 00:50:55,209
{\an1}-The audiences in Finland
made me feel

849
00:50:55,233 --> 00:50:59,642
{\an1}that I would like to give
lots of concerts in Finland.

850
00:50:59,666 --> 00:51:02,609
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically ]

851
00:51:02,633 --> 00:51:10,633
{\an8}♪♪♪

852
00:51:24,733 --> 00:51:30,042
We were in Norway,
Denmark, and in Paris.

853
00:51:30,066 --> 00:51:32,576
{\an8}♪♪♪

854
00:51:32,600 --> 00:51:34,209
{\an1}-♪ Oh, what a beautiful city ♪

855
00:51:34,233 --> 00:51:36,942
{\an1}♪ What a beautiful city ♪

856
00:51:36,966 --> 00:51:40,942
{\an1}♪ Oh, what a beautiful city ♪

857
00:51:40,966 --> 00:51:43,642
{\an1}♪ Twelve gates a to de city ♪

858
00:51:43,666 --> 00:51:48,309
♪ A-halleluh ♪

859
00:51:48,333 --> 00:51:52,642
{\an1}When the success reached
the proportions that they did,

860
00:51:52,666 --> 00:51:55,976
{\an1}I was rather overwhelmed.

861
00:51:56,000 --> 00:51:58,509
{\an8}♪♪♪

862
00:51:58,533 --> 00:52:00,909
{\an7}I wrote my mother and asked her

863
00:52:00,933 --> 00:52:05,609
{\an7}if she would be interested
in coming to Europe.

864
00:52:05,633 --> 00:52:09,633
{\an7}She replied that she would like
very much to come to Europe.

865
00:52:11,800 --> 00:52:14,209
I went with her
to several of the places,

866
00:52:14,233 --> 00:52:16,942
to the Louvre
and to Eiffel Tower,

867
00:52:16,966 --> 00:52:19,342
many places that
she had read about before,

868
00:52:19,366 --> 00:52:21,800
not knowing
that she would ever see.

869
00:52:24,866 --> 00:52:26,976
-She meets Sol Hurok.

870
00:52:27,000 --> 00:52:29,809
{\an8}-Sol Hurok
played an enormous role

871
00:52:29,833 --> 00:52:33,909
{\an7}in shaping American culture
in the 20th century.

872
00:52:33,933 --> 00:52:37,042
{\an1}An impresario is someone
who takes on the financial risk

873
00:52:37,066 --> 00:52:38,742
{\an1}of presenting an artist

874
00:52:38,766 --> 00:52:42,909
{\an1}and then, of course, gets
a percentage of the box office.

875
00:52:42,933 --> 00:52:46,476
{\an1}-He had worldwide performers,
not just singers.

876
00:52:46,500 --> 00:52:51,076
{\an1}-He was like the Cadillac of
of the performing-arts world.

877
00:52:51,100 --> 00:52:53,709
{\an7}-When he endorsed someone,
that person is expected

878
00:52:53,733 --> 00:52:56,909
{\an8}to prove themselves
and to be what he says,

879
00:52:56,933 --> 00:52:59,209
{\an8}and, of course,
they usually are.

880
00:52:59,233 --> 00:53:02,176
{\an1}-He was very much in the know
about who was rising

881
00:53:02,200 --> 00:53:05,742
and who was trending
and who was popular.

882
00:53:05,766 --> 00:53:09,709
{\an1}He goes to hear her at a recital
she gives at the Salle Gaveau

883
00:53:09,733 --> 00:53:12,942
{\an1}in the spring of 1934.

884
00:53:12,966 --> 00:53:15,976
-Mr. Hurok came back
in the intermission.

885
00:53:16,000 --> 00:53:19,842
{\an1}I felt as probably some
marathon runner must have felt

886
00:53:19,866 --> 00:53:22,609
after he had finished
a long race.

887
00:53:22,633 --> 00:53:26,409
{\an1}-He senses that this is someone
he could take a chance on,

888
00:53:26,433 --> 00:53:28,309
and so he starts
to begin to think,

889
00:53:28,333 --> 00:53:30,842
{\an1}"Oh, how can I promote
this woman?"

890
00:53:30,866 --> 00:53:32,442
{\an8}♪♪♪

891
00:53:32,466 --> 00:53:33,876
-And people told him,

892
00:53:33,900 --> 00:53:35,976
"You won't be able
to make a penny off her.

893
00:53:36,000 --> 00:53:38,342
{\an1}You won't be able to get her
any bookings."

894
00:53:38,366 --> 00:53:44,076
{\an8}♪♪♪

895
00:53:44,100 --> 00:53:46,576
{\an1}-She goes to the Soviet Union.

896
00:53:46,600 --> 00:53:48,909
At that point,
it was sort of an obverse image

897
00:53:48,933 --> 00:53:51,576
of Jim Crow America.

898
00:53:51,600 --> 00:53:52,809
{\an1}There were a number of Blacks

899
00:53:52,833 --> 00:53:55,209
who relocated
in the Soviet Union.

900
00:53:55,233 --> 00:53:56,876
They didn't know
about the purges

901
00:53:56,900 --> 00:53:58,542
{\an1}that had already begun
by Stalin.

902
00:53:58,566 --> 00:54:01,876
{\an1}She never made any endorsement
of communism or of Stalin,

903
00:54:01,900 --> 00:54:04,642
{\an1}but just Russian people.

904
00:54:04,666 --> 00:54:08,409
She was warned that
this was an atheistic regime

905
00:54:08,433 --> 00:54:12,109
{\an1}and she was not to sing any
Christian music, no spirituals.

906
00:54:12,133 --> 00:54:17,009
-♪ I got a robe,
you got a robe ♪

907
00:54:17,033 --> 00:54:21,476
{\an1}♪ All of God's children
got a robe ♪

908
00:54:21,500 --> 00:54:25,509
{\an1}♪ When I get to Heaven,
going to put on my robe ♪

909
00:54:25,533 --> 00:54:30,709
♪ Going to shout
all over God's Heaven ♪

910
00:54:30,733 --> 00:54:33,142
{\an1}-There was never any question
that she was going to bow

911
00:54:33,166 --> 00:54:36,342
{\an1}to that kind of intimidation.

912
00:54:36,366 --> 00:54:38,642
{\an1}-We went off the stage.

913
00:54:38,666 --> 00:54:44,342
{\an1}Before we got to the door,
we heard a great, great noise.

914
00:54:44,366 --> 00:54:46,942
And I said to Kosti,
"What on Earth is going on?"

915
00:54:46,966 --> 00:54:50,609
{\an1}He said, "I don't know."

916
00:54:50,633 --> 00:54:54,342
{\an1}The people had their hands
over the edge of the stage

917
00:54:54,366 --> 00:54:57,009
{\an1}pounding on the stage.

918
00:54:57,033 --> 00:55:00,409
{\an1}I had never before nor since
seen anything like that,

919
00:55:00,433 --> 00:55:04,009
so we went out,
and before we got to the piano,

920
00:55:04,033 --> 00:55:08,976
somebody yelled out,
"'Deep River, ' 'Deep River'!"

921
00:55:09,000 --> 00:55:12,842
{\an1}And someone else yelled,
"'Heaven, Heaven'!"

922
00:55:12,866 --> 00:55:17,542
{\an1}-♪ Going to shout all over ♪

923
00:55:17,566 --> 00:55:24,066
♪ God's Heaven ♪

924
00:55:25,633 --> 00:55:27,509
{\an1}-There's sort of good news
and bad news.

925
00:55:27,533 --> 00:55:29,809
{\an7}She's now a celebrated figure,

926
00:55:29,833 --> 00:55:32,442
{\an8}and she gets
the best concert dates,

927
00:55:32,466 --> 00:55:35,009
{\an7}in part because of Sol Hurok,
who's arranging them.

928
00:55:35,033 --> 00:55:37,542
{\an1}[ Military music plays ]

929
00:55:37,566 --> 00:55:39,742
The bad news is,
is that countries

930
00:55:39,766 --> 00:55:45,342
{\an1}like Austria and Germany,
rising fascism and Nazism,

931
00:55:45,366 --> 00:55:50,376
and intolerance
towards all non-Aryans,

932
00:55:50,400 --> 00:55:55,476
particularly Africans
and African-Americans.

933
00:55:55,500 --> 00:55:59,542
{\an1}So there are certain places like
Berlin where she can't sing.

934
00:55:59,566 --> 00:56:01,176
{\an1}-They ask one question...

935
00:56:01,200 --> 00:56:05,676
"Can you tell us
if Marian Anderson is an Aryan?"

936
00:56:05,700 --> 00:56:09,909
And that was the end
of all the correspondence.

937
00:56:09,933 --> 00:56:10,977
{\an1}-She

938
00:56:09,933 --> 00:56:12,042
still go to Austria.

939
00:56:11,001 --> 00:56:12,066
<i>can</i>

940
00:56:12,066 --> 00:56:17,009
{\an8}♪♪♪

941
00:56:17,033 --> 00:56:19,442
{\an1}-Marian Anderson's rise
to worldwide fame

942
00:56:19,466 --> 00:56:23,209
is quite typically
an American success story.

943
00:56:23,233 --> 00:56:25,076
It was not until 1935

944
00:56:25,100 --> 00:56:28,109
{\an1}when worldwide recognition
came to her.

945
00:56:28,133 --> 00:56:30,809
{\an1}She was invited to sing
at the Salzburg Festival,

946
00:56:30,833 --> 00:56:32,909
{\an1}a most dazzling opportunity.

947
00:56:32,933 --> 00:56:35,676
♪♪♪

948
00:56:35,700 --> 00:56:40,042
{\an1}-When the archbishop of Salzburg
hears Marian Anderson perform,

949
00:56:40,066 --> 00:56:42,876
{\an1}he immediately fell in love
with her voice.

950
00:56:42,900 --> 00:56:44,742
He invited her
to come to Salzburg

951
00:56:44,766 --> 00:56:48,809
to perform as part of
the famous Salzburg Festival.

952
00:56:48,833 --> 00:56:50,776
-The problem was,
the Austrians in some ways

953
00:56:50,800 --> 00:56:54,376
{\an1}were almost ahead of the Germans
in their intolerance.

954
00:56:54,400 --> 00:56:56,776
They won't put her
on the program.

955
00:56:56,800 --> 00:56:58,876
{\an8}♪♪♪

956
00:56:58,900 --> 00:57:02,109
{\an1}-Salzburg had itself become
a hostile place.

957
00:57:02,133 --> 00:57:05,576
{\an1}A lot of Jewish performers
had stopped going.

958
00:57:05,600 --> 00:57:09,576
{\an1}And then in 1932, there's
an African-American baritone

959
00:57:09,600 --> 00:57:11,042
named Aubrey Pankey.

960
00:57:11,066 --> 00:57:13,576
{\an1}His concert is broken up
by Nazi rioters.

961
00:57:13,600 --> 00:57:17,076
{\an1}They protest and say that
a Negro who sings German music

962
00:57:17,100 --> 00:57:19,976
{\an7}is jeopardizing German culture.

963
00:57:20,000 --> 00:57:22,809
{\an8}Salzburg has become
a hostile place

964
00:57:22,833 --> 00:57:25,776
{\an8}in so many ways
for Black singers.

965
00:57:25,800 --> 00:57:27,609
{\an8}But she went anyway.

966
00:57:27,633 --> 00:57:30,442
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically ]

967
00:57:30,466 --> 00:57:38,466
{\an8}♪♪♪

968
00:57:42,333 --> 00:57:46,542
{\an1}-She became this symbol
of resistance.

969
00:57:46,566 --> 00:57:50,376
{\an1}-Very few people attended
the Anderson concert.

970
00:57:50,400 --> 00:57:53,476
{\an7}There was no publicity.

971
00:57:53,500 --> 00:57:56,409
{\an8}During intermission,
that small audience went out

972
00:57:56,433 --> 00:57:59,576
{\an8}and told people
how magnificent she was,

973
00:57:59,600 --> 00:58:02,609
{\an7}and so her audience grew.

974
00:58:02,633 --> 00:58:05,842
{\an1}Her supporters arranged
another recital

975
00:58:05,866 --> 00:58:08,976
not far from
the Salzburg Festival.

976
00:58:09,000 --> 00:58:12,876
{\an1}-Everybody who was anybody
was there.

977
00:58:12,900 --> 00:58:15,709
{\an1}Arturo Toscanini was there.

978
00:58:15,733 --> 00:58:17,676
{\an1}-Toscanini was considered by me

979
00:58:17,700 --> 00:58:21,509
{\an7}the greatest orchestral
conductor of his time.

980
00:58:21,533 --> 00:58:24,076
{\an8}He was a giant.

981
00:58:24,100 --> 00:58:26,476
-One had read a lot
about Toscanini,

982
00:58:26,500 --> 00:58:29,476
{\an1}but one had not seen him ever.

983
00:58:29,500 --> 00:58:32,609
{\an1}We knew beforehand that he was
going to be at the performance,

984
00:58:32,633 --> 00:58:37,009
and, of course,
that doesn't make one so easy.

985
00:58:37,033 --> 00:58:38,442
When it was over,

986
00:58:38,466 --> 00:58:42,309
Madam Cahier,
she brought Toscanini backstage.

987
00:58:42,333 --> 00:58:47,876
{\an1}By the time he got back there,
I was just about speechless.

988
00:58:47,900 --> 00:58:50,176
-He said to her,

989
00:58:50,200 --> 00:58:54,609
{\an1}"One only has this experience

990
00:58:54,633 --> 00:58:57,400
{\an1}once in a hundred years."

991
00:59:00,366 --> 00:59:05,309
{\an7}Sol Hurok took that compliment
and ran with it.

992
00:59:05,333 --> 00:59:09,776
{\an8}It was the beginning
of her international stardom.

993
00:59:09,800 --> 00:59:17,800
{\an8}♪♪♪

994
00:59:18,466 --> 00:59:20,176
{\an1}-A master builds something

995
00:59:20,200 --> 00:59:24,876
{\an1}he knows that he doesn't have to
have the finishing tools

996
00:59:24,900 --> 00:59:28,042
{\an1}at the beginning of his job.

997
00:59:28,066 --> 00:59:30,176
It was systematic.

998
00:59:30,200 --> 00:59:34,176
{\an1}It was a little more, a little
more, a little more each year.

999
00:59:34,200 --> 00:59:38,342
{\an8}♪♪♪

1000
00:59:38,366 --> 00:59:43,776
{\an1}It then happened that one was
billed as a special attraction.

1001
00:59:43,800 --> 00:59:46,076
♪♪♪

1002
00:59:46,100 --> 00:59:48,842
You have to have
the right kind of handling,

1003
00:59:48,866 --> 00:59:51,742
{\an1}you have to have the right kind
of publicity,

1004
00:59:51,766 --> 00:59:53,342
{\an1}and you have to have, above all,

1005
00:59:53,366 --> 00:59:56,642
someone who has
a deep personal interest,

1006
00:59:56,666 --> 00:59:59,700
and that, I believe,
is what Mr. Hurok has had.

1007
01:00:01,900 --> 01:00:05,009
-Marian Anderson
learned a lot about life

1008
01:00:05,033 --> 01:00:08,742
{\an7}while having her time abroad.

1009
01:00:08,766 --> 01:00:12,676
{\an8}She was pursued
by nobility, aristocracy,

1010
01:00:12,700 --> 01:00:14,942
{\an7}and the common man alike.

1011
01:00:14,966 --> 01:00:18,509
{\an1}-She had a kind of brief
but torrid love affair

1012
01:00:18,533 --> 01:00:23,176
with a Russian actor
named Emmanuil Kaminka.

1013
01:00:23,200 --> 01:00:26,109
{\an1}She never talked about it much.

1014
01:00:26,133 --> 01:00:28,842
{\an1}She had passions about things
other than music.

1015
01:00:28,866 --> 01:00:32,676
{\an8}-"Dear Ida, I've had
a most wonderful time.

1016
01:00:32,700 --> 01:00:37,076
{\an7}The one A is quite fine looking,
quite tall, clever,

1017
01:00:37,100 --> 01:00:40,309
{\an8}a good dresser,
and marvelous company.

1018
01:00:40,333 --> 01:00:43,476
{\an7}B came, and I was prepared
to go for a walk with him.

1019
01:00:43,500 --> 01:00:46,942
{\an7}A rushed to me and said,
'Are you going out?'"

1020
01:00:46,966 --> 01:00:49,476
{\an8}[ Laughs ]
"All I could do was giggle."

1021
01:00:49,500 --> 01:00:52,442
{\an8}♪♪♪

1022
01:00:52,466 --> 01:00:54,476
{\an1}-"This is my fifth letter
to you,

1023
01:00:54,500 --> 01:00:57,942
and I shall write
until you answer my letter."

1024
01:00:57,966 --> 01:01:00,109
{\an8}♪♪♪

1025
01:01:00,133 --> 01:01:01,842
{\an1}-"I really intended to write you

1026
01:01:01,866 --> 01:01:05,009
an entirely different
kind of letter,

1027
01:01:05,033 --> 01:01:08,676
{\an1}but since it would take
more time than I now have,

1028
01:01:08,700 --> 01:01:09,976
I send you this one."

1029
01:01:10,000 --> 01:01:12,542
{\an8}♪♪♪

1030
01:01:12,566 --> 01:01:15,376
{\an7}-"I was down to see your mother
the other night.

1031
01:01:15,400 --> 01:01:17,876
{\an7}When I get lonesome for you,

1032
01:01:17,900 --> 01:01:22,342
{\an1}I go to Martin Street and sit
and think and think,

1033
01:01:22,366 --> 01:01:26,176
{\an1}and I can almost imagine
you here with me.

1034
01:01:26,200 --> 01:01:28,176
I must see you soon,

1035
01:01:28,200 --> 01:01:32,042
{\an1}even if I must come to England
to see you.

1036
01:01:32,066 --> 01:01:35,042
I do think
you should come home now.

1037
01:01:35,066 --> 01:01:38,142
{\an1}You have been away long enough.

1038
01:01:38,166 --> 01:01:42,209
{\an1}I expect to be a free man
by December or sooner.

1039
01:01:42,233 --> 01:01:46,476
{\an1}I'm yours always, Orpheus."

1040
01:01:46,500 --> 01:01:48,909
{\an1}-"I'll be home in December.

1041
01:01:48,933 --> 01:01:52,942
{\an1}Do take care of yourself and let
me hear from you immediately.

1042
01:01:52,966 --> 01:01:55,809
Always, Marian."

1043
01:01:55,833 --> 01:01:59,242
-We looked forward
with the greatest excitement

1044
01:01:59,266 --> 01:02:02,909
{\an1}to the departure from Europe
for the United States.

1045
01:02:02,933 --> 01:02:09,176
{\an8}♪♪♪

1046
01:02:09,200 --> 01:02:13,409
We arrived
just before Christmas.

1047
01:02:13,433 --> 01:02:15,709
-New York, racially,
was very different

1048
01:02:15,733 --> 01:02:18,409
{\an1}than the South and many
other parts of the country.

1049
01:02:18,433 --> 01:02:20,609
There was much more
mixing of races,

1050
01:02:20,633 --> 01:02:23,942
{\an1}even though there still
was discrimination.

1051
01:02:23,966 --> 01:02:25,842
But Hurok knew that,
in New York,

1052
01:02:25,866 --> 01:02:28,542
{\an1}presenting a Black singer
like Marian Anderson,

1053
01:02:28,566 --> 01:02:30,509
{\an1}that it could work now,

1054
01:02:30,533 --> 01:02:34,509
and Town Hall
was a very important venue.

1055
01:02:34,533 --> 01:02:38,042
-The community
that supported Marian,

1056
01:02:38,066 --> 01:02:42,942
{\an8}that loved Marian,
that wanted her to succeed,

1057
01:02:42,966 --> 01:02:45,309
{\an8}was championing

1058
01:02:45,333 --> 01:02:48,709
{\an7}for William "Billy" King
to be her accompanist,

1059
01:02:48,733 --> 01:02:55,576
{\an1}and they wanted to see him
behind that piano at Town Hall.

1060
01:02:55,600 --> 01:02:59,276
{\an1}-I can well understand
that, among my people,

1061
01:02:59,300 --> 01:03:01,476
{\an1}there were those who felt that

1062
01:03:01,500 --> 01:03:04,342
{\an1}if there was an opportunity
to be given,

1063
01:03:04,366 --> 01:03:08,576
that one of my own
should have the opportunity.

1064
01:03:08,600 --> 01:03:12,242
It had nothing to do
with my wanting an accompanist

1065
01:03:12,266 --> 01:03:16,209
{\an1}of one color in preference
to one of another.

1066
01:03:16,233 --> 01:03:19,409
{\an7}It was a thing of having worked
and feeling that at that time

1067
01:03:19,433 --> 01:03:22,342
{\an8}I could give a better
performance with Kosti

1068
01:03:22,366 --> 01:03:24,276
{\an7}than I could with anyone else.

1069
01:03:24,300 --> 01:03:27,409
-[ Vocalizing ]

1070
01:03:27,433 --> 01:03:35,433
♪♪♪

1071
01:03:50,533 --> 01:03:52,476
{\an1}-[ Singing operatically ]

1072
01:03:52,500 --> 01:04:00,500
♪♪♪

1073
01:04:01,600 --> 01:04:03,076
-It was sold-out,

1074
01:04:03,100 --> 01:04:06,176
{\an8}and it was filled
with illustrious stars

1075
01:04:06,200 --> 01:04:10,276
{\an7}like Katharine Hepburn
and Gloria Swanson.

1076
01:04:10,300 --> 01:04:14,076
-"I stood with
Miss Gloria Swanson on one side

1077
01:04:14,100 --> 01:04:16,709
and Katharine Hepburn
on the other,

1078
01:04:16,733 --> 01:04:22,009
{\an1}sharing my precious program
with both.

1079
01:04:22,033 --> 01:04:25,876
{\an1}Your dressed stage appearance
was just too, too divine."

1080
01:04:25,900 --> 01:04:31,576
{\an1}-[ Singing operatically ]

1081
01:04:31,600 --> 01:04:34,942
{\an1}-"I wanted to come backstage
to see you, but I knew

1082
01:04:34,966 --> 01:04:38,509
{\an1}that there would be so many
more important people than I."

1083
01:04:38,533 --> 01:04:41,942
{\an1}-[ Singing operatically ]

1084
01:04:41,966 --> 01:04:44,476
{\an1}-"I decided to wait for the day

1085
01:04:44,500 --> 01:04:47,542
when I could have you
all alone."

1086
01:04:47,566 --> 01:04:49,709
{\an1}-[ Singing operatically ]

1087
01:04:49,733 --> 01:04:53,609
♪♪♪

1088
01:04:53,633 --> 01:04:55,609
[ Applause ]

1089
01:04:55,633 --> 01:04:57,976
{\an1}-She had the great triumph
at Town Hall

1090
01:04:58,000 --> 01:05:01,976
{\an1}and then later at Carnegie Hall.

1091
01:05:02,000 --> 01:05:04,842
By the end
of the spring of 1936,

1092
01:05:04,866 --> 01:05:08,009
she had had dozens
of other concerts.

1093
01:05:08,033 --> 01:05:10,042
{\an1}People are now talking about her

1094
01:05:10,066 --> 01:05:13,809
{\an1}as one of the greatest singers
in the world.

1095
01:05:13,833 --> 01:05:17,942
-Eleanor Roosevelt
invited Marian Anderson

1096
01:05:17,966 --> 01:05:23,609
to give a concert
at the White House in 1936.

1097
01:05:23,633 --> 01:05:25,976
-They wanted her
just to sing spirituals,

1098
01:05:26,000 --> 01:05:28,909
{\an1}and she said, "No, no.
It'll be a mixed program."

1099
01:05:28,933 --> 01:05:31,542
{\an1}-After Marian Anderson sang,

1100
01:05:31,566 --> 01:05:34,276
Eleanor Roosevelt
went over to her mother

1101
01:05:34,300 --> 01:05:36,542
{\an1}and took her mother's hand

1102
01:05:36,566 --> 01:05:41,176
and walked her over
to meet and greet FDR.

1103
01:05:41,200 --> 01:05:43,776
And this was
a very intimate moment

1104
01:05:43,800 --> 01:05:46,576
{\an1}between the Anderson family

1105
01:05:46,600 --> 01:05:50,242
and the residents
of the White House.

1106
01:05:50,266 --> 01:05:52,609
{\an1}This was an enormous moment

1107
01:05:52,633 --> 01:05:58,042
{\an1}in the changing patterns
of American history.

1108
01:05:58,066 --> 01:06:01,809
{\an1}-As famous as she was, she still
suffered racial discrimination.

1109
01:06:01,833 --> 01:06:06,976
-♪ I'm trampin' ♪

1110
01:06:07,000 --> 01:06:11,209
♪ Trampin' ♪

1111
01:06:11,233 --> 01:06:13,576
{\an1}♪ Trying to make Heaven... ♪

1112
01:06:13,600 --> 01:06:18,409
{\an1}-In hotels, I usually have
my meals in my room.

1113
01:06:18,433 --> 01:06:22,209
-♪ I'm trampin' ♪

1114
01:06:22,233 --> 01:06:25,876
-I steered clear
of being embarrassed

1115
01:06:25,900 --> 01:06:27,776
{\an1}should I go to the dining room.

1116
01:06:27,800 --> 01:06:31,009
-♪ Trampin' ♪

1117
01:06:31,033 --> 01:06:39,033
{\an1}♪ Trying to make Heaven
my home ♪

1118
01:06:39,433 --> 01:06:43,142
{\an7}-You had, of course, every
problem with hotel bookings.

1119
01:06:43,166 --> 01:06:45,342
{\an7}One is white, and one is Black.

1120
01:06:45,366 --> 01:06:47,109
All sorts of troubles

1121
01:06:47,133 --> 01:06:50,142
that Marian Anderson
hadn't seen in years

1122
01:06:50,166 --> 01:06:52,842
{\an1}and, of course, that Vehanen
had never seen before.

1123
01:06:52,866 --> 01:06:56,009
-♪ My home ♪

1124
01:06:56,033 --> 01:06:59,109
-Can you imagine
what it was like

1125
01:06:59,133 --> 01:07:01,476
{\an1}performing for kings and queens,

1126
01:07:01,500 --> 01:07:05,409
{\an1}then she would come back home
to her own country

1127
01:07:05,433 --> 01:07:09,142
{\an1}and then have to get on
a Pullman car in a train

1128
01:07:09,166 --> 01:07:11,109
and have to sit
at the back of the train

1129
01:07:11,133 --> 01:07:13,342
because of the color
of her skin?

1130
01:07:13,366 --> 01:07:19,076
-♪ My home ♪

1131
01:07:19,100 --> 01:07:20,809
{\an1}-You cannot be expected

1132
01:07:20,833 --> 01:07:26,276
{\an1}to give as good a performance
as you would hope to

1133
01:07:26,300 --> 01:07:28,476
if your mind
is partly on the fact

1134
01:07:28,500 --> 01:07:31,242
{\an1}that you are someplace

1135
01:07:31,266 --> 01:07:34,042
but you certainly
are not wanted there

1136
01:07:34,066 --> 01:07:37,542
{\an1}and you're trying to sing
to a group of people

1137
01:07:37,566 --> 01:07:40,809
{\an1}as if your heart is full of love
and happiness,

1138
01:07:40,833 --> 01:07:42,676
{\an1}and it isn't completely.

1139
01:07:42,700 --> 01:07:46,376
{\an1}-♪ And make Heaven my home ♪

1140
01:07:46,400 --> 01:07:48,876
-1937, she comes
to Princeton, New Jersey,

1141
01:07:48,900 --> 01:07:52,476
and she's trying to
check in to the Nassau Inn.

1142
01:07:52,500 --> 01:07:56,442
{\an1}-And they turn her away.
Whites-only policy.

1143
01:07:56,466 --> 01:07:59,909
{\an1}Albert Einstein... he hears
about this and he rushes over

1144
01:07:59,933 --> 01:08:04,342
and invites her
to stay with him, which she did.

1145
01:08:04,366 --> 01:08:07,309
-♪ Hallelujah ♪

1146
01:08:07,333 --> 01:08:10,376
-Dr. Einstein
greeted one warmly and said,

1147
01:08:10,400 --> 01:08:15,109
{\an1}"We are very happy that you can
come and welcome into our home."

1148
01:08:15,133 --> 01:08:18,276
{\an1}I remember thanking him
from the bottom of my heart,

1149
01:08:18,300 --> 01:08:22,176
{\an1}and he seemed just sort of
to brush it aside.

1150
01:08:22,200 --> 01:08:28,942
{\an1}-♪ Trying to make Heaven ♪

1151
01:08:28,966 --> 01:08:33,776
♪ My ♪

1152
01:08:33,800 --> 01:08:36,042
♪ Home ♪

1153
01:08:36,066 --> 01:08:38,109
-She stayed with him
for the next 18 years,

1154
01:08:38,133 --> 01:08:40,900
every year
when she came to give a concert.

1155
01:08:43,200 --> 01:08:47,709
{\an8}♪♪♪

1156
01:08:47,733 --> 01:08:53,342
{\an1}-Mr. Hurok sought to put one
in places that were the kind

1157
01:08:53,366 --> 01:08:55,909
{\an1}that the other artists
would appear in,

1158
01:08:55,933 --> 01:09:01,309
{\an1}and among such places,
naturally, Washington.

1159
01:09:01,333 --> 01:09:03,276
{\an8}-Marian Anderson
was supposed to sing

1160
01:09:03,300 --> 01:09:06,276
{\an8}at my alma mater,
Howard University,

1161
01:09:06,300 --> 01:09:09,542
{\an8}but the space
was just too small.

1162
01:09:09,566 --> 01:09:11,309
{\an1}-The Washington, D.C.,
School Board,

1163
01:09:11,333 --> 01:09:13,376
{\an1}which controlled access
to the auditorium

1164
01:09:13,400 --> 01:09:15,542
of the all-white
Central High School,

1165
01:09:15,566 --> 01:09:18,109
turned her down
on suspicion that her request

1166
01:09:18,133 --> 01:09:21,509
was a subterfuge
for school desegregation.

1167
01:09:21,533 --> 01:09:24,009
The Marian Anderson
Citizens Committee,

1168
01:09:24,033 --> 01:09:25,309
{\an1}one of the first examples

1169
01:09:25,333 --> 01:09:29,209
{\an1}of interracial civil-rights
activism, was created.

1170
01:09:29,233 --> 01:09:32,442
-So they were looking
for a larger venue,

1171
01:09:32,466 --> 01:09:36,676
and Constitution Hall
was the largest.

1172
01:09:36,700 --> 01:09:39,176
{\an1}-Which the Daughters of
the American Revolution owned,

1173
01:09:39,200 --> 01:09:43,642
{\an1}a very old and distinguished
and conservative organization

1174
01:09:43,666 --> 01:09:45,742
for women who traced
their ancestry back

1175
01:09:45,766 --> 01:09:48,376
{\an1}to the American Revolution.

1176
01:09:48,400 --> 01:09:53,009
And the D.A.R.
had a whites-only policy.

1177
01:09:53,033 --> 01:09:55,309
{\an1}-We were out in San Francisco,

1178
01:09:55,333 --> 01:09:58,176
{\an1}and we passed by a newsstand,

1179
01:09:58,200 --> 01:09:59,809
and I saw the article

1180
01:09:59,833 --> 01:10:03,442
{\an1}"Eleanor Roosevelt takes stand."

1181
01:10:03,466 --> 01:10:07,142
{\an7}-Eleanor said that they
had missed an opportunity

1182
01:10:07,166 --> 01:10:09,942
{\an7}to lead with enlightenment

1183
01:10:09,966 --> 01:10:12,042
{\an1}and that she could not be
a part of the organization

1184
01:10:12,066 --> 01:10:14,709
{\an1}if it was going to miss
an opportunity in that way.

1185
01:10:14,733 --> 01:10:18,109
{\an1}-No first lady had ever done
anything like this.

1186
01:10:18,133 --> 01:10:20,276
It was explosive.

1187
01:10:20,300 --> 01:10:23,009
Suddenly, everybody
was talking about it.

1188
01:10:23,033 --> 01:10:26,642
{\an1}That made it a national
and international issue.

1189
01:10:26,666 --> 01:10:30,842
{\an1}-Hurok tried to keep her away
from all of the controversy.

1190
01:10:30,866 --> 01:10:34,609
{\an8}He protected her
from the ugliness.

1191
01:10:34,633 --> 01:10:38,076
-Walter White
was the head of the NAACP.

1192
01:10:38,100 --> 01:10:42,709
They had to find her
another venue.

1193
01:10:42,733 --> 01:10:45,976
{\an1}-Lulu Childers, who was
a faculty member at Howard,

1194
01:10:46,000 --> 01:10:48,042
suggested almost
in an offhanded way,

1195
01:10:48,066 --> 01:10:50,276
"What about
the Lincoln Memorial?

1196
01:10:50,300 --> 01:10:52,976
There's never been
a concert there."

1197
01:10:53,000 --> 01:10:55,109
{\an1}They have to get FDR's approval,

1198
01:10:55,133 --> 01:10:56,942
so they rush over
to the White House.

1199
01:10:56,966 --> 01:10:59,242
{\an1}Of course, he'd been hearing
from Eleanor for weeks

1200
01:10:59,266 --> 01:11:00,709
{\an1}about Marian Anderson.

1201
01:11:00,733 --> 01:11:04,276
{\an1}He was so sick to death
of hearing about this issue.

1202
01:11:04,300 --> 01:11:07,876
{\an1}They catch him just before
he's leaving for the train.

1203
01:11:07,900 --> 01:11:10,109
His answer was,
"She can sing from the top

1204
01:11:10,133 --> 01:11:12,809
{\an1}of the Washington Monument
for all I care!"

1205
01:11:12,833 --> 01:11:20,833
♪♪♪

1206
01:11:28,800 --> 01:11:30,909
{\an1}They only had a week to prepare.

1207
01:11:30,933 --> 01:11:32,576
{\an1}They had to arrange security.

1208
01:11:32,600 --> 01:11:36,842
Didn't know whether
it would be 5,000 or 50,000.

1209
01:11:36,866 --> 01:11:41,542
{\an1}They were worried about
white-supremacist groups.

1210
01:11:41,566 --> 01:11:44,142
{\an1}The concert was scheduled
for the afternoon

1211
01:11:44,166 --> 01:11:49,642
{\an1}of Easter Sunday, April 9, 1939.

1212
01:11:49,666 --> 01:11:52,142
{\an1}-We arrived in Washington.

1213
01:11:52,166 --> 01:11:55,676
-No hotel
would accommodate them.

1214
01:11:55,700 --> 01:11:58,642
{\an1}They go for a soundcheck
around noon.

1215
01:11:58,666 --> 01:12:01,109
-We went to see
how the piano was situated

1216
01:12:01,133 --> 01:12:04,009
and about
the public-address system.

1217
01:12:04,033 --> 01:12:07,076
Already, there were
some people milling about.

1218
01:12:07,100 --> 01:12:09,942
{\an8}♪♪♪

1219
01:12:09,966 --> 01:12:11,809
-Good afternoon,
ladies and gentlemen.

1220
01:12:11,833 --> 01:12:13,609
We're speaking to you
from the steps

1221
01:12:13,633 --> 01:12:16,209
{\an7}of the Lincoln Memorial
in the nation's capital.

1222
01:12:16,233 --> 01:12:21,009
{\an7}-Seated on that landing were
the members of the Supreme Court

1223
01:12:21,033 --> 01:12:25,942
{\an8}and the Cabinet,
the Vice President.

1224
01:12:25,966 --> 01:12:29,342
{\an1}-There were people who were
not fancy upper-class people

1225
01:12:29,366 --> 01:12:31,676
who would normally go
to concerts.

1226
01:12:31,700 --> 01:12:34,076
There was
an interracial audience,

1227
01:12:34,100 --> 01:12:38,042
{\an1}which was a big deal in 1939.

1228
01:12:38,066 --> 01:12:40,976
{\an1}-Genius draws no color line!

1229
01:12:41,000 --> 01:12:43,909
We are grateful
to Marian Anderson

1230
01:12:43,933 --> 01:12:47,442
for coming here
to sing to us today.

1231
01:12:47,466 --> 01:12:49,433
{\an1}[ Cheers and applause ]

1232
01:12:51,600 --> 01:12:55,576
-When we went out
onto the steps,

1233
01:12:55,600 --> 01:12:57,009
{\an1}my heart was throbbing

1234
01:12:57,033 --> 01:13:00,209
{\an1}to the point that I could
scarcely hear anything.

1235
01:13:00,233 --> 01:13:02,166
{\an1}[ Cheers and applause ]

1236
01:13:12,200 --> 01:13:15,742
It seemed to me
as far as the eye could go

1237
01:13:15,766 --> 01:13:21,709
{\an1}there was a multitude such
in your wildest imagination.

1238
01:13:21,733 --> 01:13:23,733
{\an1}[ Cheers and applause ]

1239
01:13:28,666 --> 01:13:30,676
{\an8}♪♪♪

1240
01:13:30,700 --> 01:13:33,376
{\an1}As well as I know "America,"

1241
01:13:33,400 --> 01:13:35,342
for a while,
one was carried away

1242
01:13:35,366 --> 01:13:38,709
to the point
that the words did not come.

1243
01:13:38,733 --> 01:13:43,742
{\an8}♪♪♪

1244
01:13:43,766 --> 01:13:50,042
{\an1}-♪ My country, 'tis of thee ♪

1245
01:13:50,066 --> 01:13:55,976
{\an1}♪ Sweet land of liberty ♪

1246
01:13:56,000 --> 01:14:01,642
♪ Of thee, we sing ♪

1247
01:14:01,666 --> 01:14:03,609
♪ Land where my... ♪

1248
01:14:03,633 --> 01:14:07,709
-I as an individual
was not important on that day.

1249
01:14:07,733 --> 01:14:12,909
{\an1}It happened to be the people
whom I represented.

1250
01:14:12,933 --> 01:14:15,109
I think if you have
something to offer

1251
01:14:15,133 --> 01:14:17,876
{\an1}which can help a situation,

1252
01:14:17,900 --> 01:14:20,142
{\an1}then I think you should do it
in your own manner.

1253
01:14:20,166 --> 01:14:26,309
-♪ Let freedom ring ♪

1254
01:14:26,333 --> 01:14:28,333
[ Applause ]

1255
01:14:34,200 --> 01:14:37,609
{\an1}-When all of us learn this song
in grade school, we learn it as,

1256
01:14:37,633 --> 01:14:39,809
{\an7}"My country, 'tis of thee,

1257
01:14:39,833 --> 01:14:44,509
{\an7}sweet land of liberty,
of thee, I sing."

1258
01:14:44,533 --> 01:14:48,342
{\an1}Aunt Marian changes the words
so that you hear,

1259
01:14:48,366 --> 01:14:52,442
"Of thee,
<i>we</i> 
sing,"

1260
01:14:52,466 --> 01:14:57,942
{\an1}making it clear that this
country belongs to all of us...

1261
01:14:57,966 --> 01:14:59,509
{\an1}Black people and white people

1262
01:14:59,533 --> 01:15:02,076
and the purple people
and everybody else.

1263
01:15:02,100 --> 01:15:05,076
{\an1}-♪ Oh, the gospel train,
I'm a-comin' ♪

1264
01:15:05,100 --> 01:15:07,142
{\an1}♪ I hear it just at hand ♪

1265
01:15:07,166 --> 01:15:08,942
{\an1}♪ I hear the car wheels
rumblin' ♪

1266
01:15:08,966 --> 01:15:10,742
♪ And a-rollin'
through the land ♪

1267
01:15:10,766 --> 01:15:11,942
♪ Get on board ♪

1268
01:15:11,966 --> 01:15:16,076
♪ Little children,
get on board ♪

1269
01:15:16,100 --> 01:15:18,009
♪ Little children ♪

1270
01:15:18,033 --> 01:15:22,309
{\an1}♪ There's room for many a more ♪

1271
01:15:22,333 --> 01:15:25,076
♪ The fare is cheap,
and all can go ♪

1272
01:15:25,100 --> 01:15:27,509
{\an1}♪ The rich and poor are there ♪

1273
01:15:27,533 --> 01:15:32,042
♪ No second class
aboard this train ♪

1274
01:15:32,066 --> 01:15:34,942
{\an1}♪ No difference in the fare ♪

1275
01:15:34,966 --> 01:15:36,509
♪ And get on board ♪

1276
01:15:36,533 --> 01:15:41,476
♪ Little children,
get on board ♪

1277
01:15:41,500 --> 01:15:44,976
♪ Little children ♪

1278
01:15:45,000 --> 01:15:52,476
{\an1}♪ There's room for many a more ♪

1279
01:15:52,500 --> 01:15:56,509
[ Applause ]

1280
01:15:56,533 --> 01:15:58,976
{\an1}-I was one of the student body

1281
01:15:59,000 --> 01:16:00,909
{\an1}surrounded by 75,000 people

1282
01:16:00,933 --> 01:16:04,776
standing out there
that cloudy day.

1283
01:16:04,800 --> 01:16:07,142
{\an8}Marian Anderson
was the first one

1284
01:16:07,166 --> 01:16:11,909
{\an8}who made me realize
that through art and music,

1285
01:16:11,933 --> 01:16:14,542
{\an7}she could reach inside me

1286
01:16:14,566 --> 01:16:18,542
{\an8}and just lift me
from all that negativity

1287
01:16:18,566 --> 01:16:20,309
{\an1}and make me something else.

1288
01:16:20,333 --> 01:16:22,042
{\an8}♪♪♪

1289
01:16:22,066 --> 01:16:25,742
{\an1}That Sunday will live forever.

1290
01:16:25,766 --> 01:16:29,142
{\an8}♪♪♪

1291
01:16:29,166 --> 01:16:34,976
-♪
<i>Ave</i> ♪

1292
01:16:35,000 --> 01:16:43,000
♪
<i>Maria</i> ♪

1293
01:16:48,033 --> 01:16:55,576
♪
<i>Jungfrau</i> 
♪

1294
01:16:55,600 --> 01:16:58,566
♪
<i>Mild</i> ♪

1295
01:16:59,666 --> 01:17:07,666
{\an1}♪
<i>Der Erde und der Luft
Daemonen</i> 
♪

1296
01:17:13,166 --> 01:17:21,166
{\an1}♪
<i>Von deines Auges Huld
verjagt</i> 
♪

1297
01:17:25,266 --> 01:17:33,266
{\an1}♪
<i>Sie koennen hier nicht
bei uns wohnen</i> 
♪

1298
01:17:46,033 --> 01:17:51,542
♪
<i>Ave</i> ♪

1299
01:17:51,566 --> 01:17:59,566
♪
<i>Maria</i> ♪

1300
01:18:01,633 --> 01:18:09,633
{\an8}♪♪♪

1301
01:18:12,033 --> 01:18:15,176
[ Song ends ]

1302
01:18:15,200 --> 01:18:17,733
[ Applause ]

1303
01:18:26,666 --> 01:18:32,176
{\an1}-Her appearance at the concert
was very carefully staged.

1304
01:18:32,200 --> 01:18:36,376
{\an7}-We see this iconic image
that in many ways

1305
01:18:36,400 --> 01:18:40,676
{\an8}registers as classic
Black ladyhood.

1306
01:18:40,700 --> 01:18:43,242
{\an1}-It was sort of beyond
the bounds of American culture

1307
01:18:43,266 --> 01:18:46,076
{\an1}to admit that a Black woman
could be beautiful.

1308
01:18:46,100 --> 01:18:48,309
{\an8}♪♪♪

1309
01:18:48,333 --> 01:18:51,376
{\an1}-There's a long history
of negative portrayals

1310
01:18:51,400 --> 01:18:53,742
{\an1}of Blackness in America.

1311
01:18:53,766 --> 01:18:56,142
{\an1}There are figures trying
to show Black women

1312
01:18:56,166 --> 01:19:01,142
as really exotic
but also erotic.

1313
01:19:01,166 --> 01:19:05,242
But Marian Anderson,
with her own self-presentation,

1314
01:19:05,266 --> 01:19:10,309
{\an1}just challenged so many people's
ideas of what Black women were.

1315
01:19:10,333 --> 01:19:15,142
{\an1}She had this gracefulness to her
and this dignity,

1316
01:19:15,166 --> 01:19:17,176
{\an1}and she held onto it at a time

1317
01:19:17,200 --> 01:19:21,609
{\an1}when everything around her
was trying to strip her of it.

1318
01:19:21,633 --> 01:19:27,109
{\an8}♪♪♪

1319
01:19:27,133 --> 01:19:30,809
{\an1}-The weeks after the concert
were pretty heady.

1320
01:19:30,833 --> 01:19:33,076
{\an1}She went to the World's Fair
in New York

1321
01:19:33,100 --> 01:19:37,309
and was just lionized
by everyone there.

1322
01:19:37,333 --> 01:19:40,242
She went to the set
of John Ford's film

1323
01:19:40,266 --> 01:19:41,542
"Young Mr. Lincoln."

1324
01:19:41,566 --> 01:19:43,476
{\an1}The crowd was more excited
about her

1325
01:19:43,500 --> 01:19:47,009
than they were
about Henry Fonda.

1326
01:19:47,033 --> 01:19:51,809
{\an1}-Marian Anderson became Hurok's
highest-grossing artist.

1327
01:19:51,833 --> 01:19:54,309
{\an1}She made $175,000 in a year.

1328
01:19:54,333 --> 01:19:57,509
{\an1}That's an enormous amount
of money in 1941.

1329
01:19:57,533 --> 01:20:04,376
{\an1}Today that would be worth
something like $3.5 million.

1330
01:20:04,400 --> 01:20:06,809
She was awarded
the Spingarn Medal,

1331
01:20:06,833 --> 01:20:13,509
{\an1}the most prestigious award of
its kind presented by the NAACP.

1332
01:20:13,533 --> 01:20:18,409
{\an1}She went from being simply
a very well-known performer

1333
01:20:18,433 --> 01:20:23,342
to being an icon
for Black Americans.

1334
01:20:23,366 --> 01:20:24,709
-Eleanor Roosevelt

1335
01:20:24,733 --> 01:20:27,509
{\an1}invites Marian Anderson
to the White House

1336
01:20:27,533 --> 01:20:30,142
to sing for
the King and Queen of England.

1337
01:20:30,166 --> 01:20:33,609
{\an8}♪♪♪

1338
01:20:33,633 --> 01:20:37,942
{\an1}-World War II probably
enhanced her reputation

1339
01:20:37,966 --> 01:20:41,876
{\an1}as a symbol for civil rights.

1340
01:20:41,900 --> 01:20:44,709
{\an1}-She visited Black troops
wherever they were,

1341
01:20:44,733 --> 01:20:46,109
{\an1}and white troops, too,

1342
01:20:46,133 --> 01:20:49,142
but she made a point
of having special occasions

1343
01:20:49,166 --> 01:20:51,542
{\an1}with African-American soldiers.

1344
01:20:51,566 --> 01:20:54,076
{\an8}♪♪♪

1345
01:20:54,100 --> 01:20:57,142
The next four years
throughout the war,

1346
01:20:57,166 --> 01:20:59,876
{\an1}she was sort of a one-man band,

1347
01:20:59,900 --> 01:21:02,276
raising funds
for the war effort.

1348
01:21:02,300 --> 01:21:07,542
{\an8}♪♪♪

1349
01:21:07,566 --> 01:21:12,109
{\an1}-Marian Anderson made a number
of very visible appearances

1350
01:21:12,133 --> 01:21:16,242
{\an1}in support of Black Americans.

1351
01:21:16,266 --> 01:21:18,476
-The 1943 concert
for China Relief

1352
01:21:18,500 --> 01:21:21,509
was at the D.A.R.'s
Constitution Hall.

1353
01:21:21,533 --> 01:21:23,509
She chose
the China Relief War Charity

1354
01:21:23,533 --> 01:21:26,476
{\an1}because it was Paul Robeson's
designated charity

1355
01:21:26,500 --> 01:21:29,376
{\an1}and he was not allowed to sing
at Constitution Hall.

1356
01:21:29,400 --> 01:21:31,342
{\an8}♪♪♪

1357
01:21:31,366 --> 01:21:34,576
-To speak out
was not her manner of character,

1358
01:21:34,600 --> 01:21:37,509
but she stood by him.

1359
01:21:37,533 --> 01:21:41,142
{\an8}♪♪♪

1360
01:21:41,166 --> 01:21:45,609
{\an1}She had a great triumph in her
personal life during the war.

1361
01:21:45,633 --> 01:21:49,276
{\an1}In 1943, she's 46 years old.

1362
01:21:49,300 --> 01:21:53,309
After a 25-year
on-and-off courtship

1363
01:21:53,333 --> 01:21:57,176
{\an1}with Orpheus King Fisher,
who's now a prominent architect,

1364
01:21:57,200 --> 01:22:01,042
they marry.

1365
01:22:01,066 --> 01:22:03,609
-After a while,
I got a letter from him,

1366
01:22:03,633 --> 01:22:06,009
which says,
"I think it's high time

1367
01:22:06,033 --> 01:22:08,576
{\an1}that we should send our clothes

1368
01:22:08,600 --> 01:22:10,842
to the laundry
in the same bundle."

1369
01:22:10,866 --> 01:22:13,209
[ Laughs ]

1370
01:22:13,233 --> 01:22:16,842
{\an8}♪♪♪

1371
01:22:16,866 --> 01:22:19,576
There was a business
of getting a home.

1372
01:22:19,600 --> 01:22:21,109
{\an1}We looked in Long Island,

1373
01:22:21,133 --> 01:22:23,909
and I think we looked
in New Jersey for a place,

1374
01:22:23,933 --> 01:22:26,876
and then we finally
came to Connecticut.

1375
01:22:26,900 --> 01:22:29,542
{\an7}-Danbury would have been like
the rest of the country.

1376
01:22:29,566 --> 01:22:32,609
{\an8}The country still was
very segregated.

1377
01:22:32,633 --> 01:22:35,442
{\an1}-There were no African-Americans
living there.

1378
01:22:35,466 --> 01:22:37,542
You know, they tried
to purchase 50 acres,

1379
01:22:37,566 --> 01:22:40,542
{\an1}and they had to send Orpheus,
who looked white.

1380
01:22:40,566 --> 01:22:42,476
-To cut the deal
to sell the property

1381
01:22:42,500 --> 01:22:45,209
{\an1}was probably a normal thing
for them to do,

1382
01:22:45,233 --> 01:22:49,209
{\an1}but then they learn that
he's married to Marian Anderson,

1383
01:22:49,233 --> 01:22:52,009
{\an1}and the deal now is off.

1384
01:22:52,033 --> 01:22:56,142
{\an1}The sellers were saying that,
"If we sell you the property,

1385
01:22:56,166 --> 01:23:01,276
{\an1}then the property around that
would have no real value."

1386
01:23:01,300 --> 01:23:04,076
{\an1}-They expanded the purchase
to 100 acres.

1387
01:23:04,100 --> 01:23:08,176
They thought
that would scare them off.

1388
01:23:08,200 --> 01:23:10,309
But they did...
They did buy the 100 acres

1389
01:23:10,333 --> 01:23:13,042
{\an1}and they had a real farm there.

1390
01:23:13,066 --> 01:23:17,342
{\an1}-The horses that we have here,
when they see you coming,

1391
01:23:17,366 --> 01:23:20,209
{\an1}they'll come up to the gate
and make a nice little sound

1392
01:23:20,233 --> 01:23:25,242
to let you know
that they're glad you're here.

1393
01:23:25,266 --> 01:23:29,042
-She had cows, pigs.

1394
01:23:29,066 --> 01:23:31,976
Not... Not, you know,
those cute little pigs.

1395
01:23:32,000 --> 01:23:36,209
{\an1}Hogs. Those great big old hogs.

1396
01:23:36,233 --> 01:23:39,709
{\an1}They had Kerry Blue Terriers.

1397
01:23:39,733 --> 01:23:41,742
{\an1}Beautiful, beautiful dogs.

1398
01:23:41,766 --> 01:23:45,009
{\an8}♪♪♪

1399
01:23:45,033 --> 01:23:49,576
Chickens.
They had some chickens.

1400
01:23:49,600 --> 01:23:52,142
{\an1}So it was quite a place.

1401
01:23:52,166 --> 01:23:56,042
{\an1}And I remember going there
when I was a kid

1402
01:23:56,066 --> 01:23:59,909
{\an1}and just being totally
fascinated by all of that.

1403
01:23:59,933 --> 01:24:04,209
{\an1}-I am particularly interested
in doing things with my hands.

1404
01:24:04,233 --> 01:24:06,542
{\an8}♪♪♪

1405
01:24:06,566 --> 01:24:09,876
{\an8}-Not at all
what you would expect

1406
01:24:09,900 --> 01:24:11,842
{\an7}of a woman of that stature

1407
01:24:11,866 --> 01:24:14,009
{\an8}in terms of luxury
and everything.

1408
01:24:14,033 --> 01:24:16,242
It was just simple,

1409
01:24:16,266 --> 01:24:20,842
{\an1}with meadows and a pond
where her studio was built.

1410
01:24:20,866 --> 01:24:28,042
-♪ Deep river ♪

1411
01:24:28,066 --> 01:24:30,576
♪ My home ♪

1412
01:24:30,600 --> 01:24:38,309
♪ Is over Jordan ♪

1413
01:24:38,333 --> 01:24:45,176
♪ Deep river ♪

1414
01:24:45,200 --> 01:24:47,776
♪ Lord ♪

1415
01:24:47,800 --> 01:24:53,409
{\an1}♪ I want to cross over ♪

1416
01:24:53,433 --> 01:24:59,876
♪ Into campground ♪

1417
01:24:59,900 --> 01:25:03,342
{\an1}♪ Oh, don't you want to go ♪

1418
01:25:03,366 --> 01:25:08,076
{\an1}♪ To the Gospel feast ♪

1419
01:25:08,100 --> 01:25:14,542
{\an1}♪ That Promised Land ♪

1420
01:25:14,566 --> 01:25:22,566
{\an1}♪ Where all is peace? ♪

1421
01:25:24,366 --> 01:25:27,042
♪ Oh ♪

1422
01:25:27,066 --> 01:25:35,066
♪ Deep river ♪

1423
01:25:35,633 --> 01:25:39,542
♪ Lord ♪

1424
01:25:39,566 --> 01:25:46,576
{\an1}♪ I want to cross over ♪

1425
01:25:46,600 --> 01:25:54,600
♪ Into campground ♪

1426
01:25:56,566 --> 01:26:00,142
{\an1}-We would see more of him
than we would see of her

1427
01:26:00,166 --> 01:26:04,276
{\an1}because she would be away
most of the time.

1428
01:26:04,300 --> 01:26:07,076
{\an1}-The first concert date
looms up.

1429
01:26:07,100 --> 01:26:08,676
{\an1}Her seven bags are packed.

1430
01:26:08,700 --> 01:26:11,042
They'll contain
no elaborate wardrobe.

1431
01:26:11,066 --> 01:26:14,476
{\an1}Instead, her sewing machine,
a portable radio, typewriter,

1432
01:26:14,500 --> 01:26:16,733
{\an1}and several cooking utensils.

1433
01:26:18,566 --> 01:26:20,876
{\an1}-She gave more concerts per year
than any other artist

1434
01:26:20,900 --> 01:26:22,476
in the United States.

1435
01:26:22,500 --> 01:26:24,633
{\an1}She was always on the road.

1436
01:26:28,133 --> 01:26:31,542
{\an1}There were times when Marian
sang two concerts,

1437
01:26:31,566 --> 01:26:32,842
{\an1}one to whites and one to Blacks.

1438
01:26:32,866 --> 01:26:35,300
They wouldn't allow
for any mixing.

1439
01:26:36,966 --> 01:26:40,642
{\an1}But what she preferred
was vertical segregation.

1440
01:26:40,666 --> 01:26:44,609
She thought that was
a decent compromise.

1441
01:26:44,633 --> 01:26:47,076
-Vertical segregation
meant that the auditorium

1442
01:26:47,100 --> 01:26:49,342
had a line
down the middle from the balcony

1443
01:26:49,366 --> 01:26:51,442
{\an1}down to the orchestra seats,

1444
01:26:51,466 --> 01:26:55,442
{\an1}and Blacks sat on one side
and whites on the other.

1445
01:26:55,466 --> 01:26:59,709
{\an1}-In 1951, she did a concert
in Richmond, Virginia,

1446
01:26:59,733 --> 01:27:02,142
and they had
vertical segregation.

1447
01:27:02,166 --> 01:27:06,376
And the NAACP,
they picket her concert,

1448
01:27:06,400 --> 01:27:09,809
{\an1}and she was very embarrassed
and kind of hurt by it.

1449
01:27:09,833 --> 01:27:13,709
{\an1}But Walter White and others
prevailed upon her and argued

1450
01:27:13,733 --> 01:27:18,609
{\an1}and finally persuaded her
that it was just time.

1451
01:27:18,633 --> 01:27:22,676
{\an1}-We asked that there be
absolutely no segregation

1452
01:27:22,700 --> 01:27:24,942
in our audiences.

1453
01:27:24,966 --> 01:27:29,242
{\an1}And immediately, those persons
who had sponsored our concerts

1454
01:27:29,266 --> 01:27:31,242
had to make a choice.

1455
01:27:31,266 --> 01:27:33,476
{\an8}♪♪♪

1456
01:27:33,500 --> 01:27:37,876
Six to eight concerts
which we would ordinarily have,

1457
01:27:37,900 --> 01:27:39,709
we do not have.

1458
01:27:39,733 --> 01:27:43,642
♪♪♪

1459
01:27:43,666 --> 01:27:47,609
{\an1}-1955... that was the year of
the "implementation" decision,

1460
01:27:47,633 --> 01:27:50,909
{\an1}the so-called Brown II where
they came up with the phrase

1461
01:27:50,933 --> 01:27:52,942
{\an1}"with all deliberate speed."

1462
01:27:52,966 --> 01:27:55,742
{\an8}♪♪♪

1463
01:27:55,766 --> 01:28:01,009
{\an1}It's the year when Emmett Till
was murdered in Mississippi,

1464
01:28:01,033 --> 01:28:03,442
{\an1}a 14-year-old boy from Chicago.

1465
01:28:03,466 --> 01:28:05,576
{\an8}♪♪♪

1466
01:28:05,600 --> 01:28:07,442
{\an1}It's the year that Rosa Parks

1467
01:28:07,466 --> 01:28:12,076
{\an1}refused to give up her seat
on a Montgomery bus

1468
01:28:12,100 --> 01:28:14,576
and triggered
the Montgomery bus boycott,

1469
01:28:14,600 --> 01:28:16,409
which made
Martin Luther King Jr.

1470
01:28:16,433 --> 01:28:18,042
The American Gandhi

1471
01:28:18,066 --> 01:28:21,709
{\an1}and introduced nonviolent
direct action on a mass scale

1472
01:28:21,733 --> 01:28:26,042
to the American
Civil Rights Movement.

1473
01:28:26,066 --> 01:28:28,676
{\an7}-In 1955, Marian Anderson

1474
01:28:28,700 --> 01:28:32,442
{\an8}practically ended
the racial barrier in opera

1475
01:28:32,466 --> 01:28:35,409
{\an8}for people of color
at the Metropolitan Opera.

1476
01:28:35,433 --> 01:28:40,509
-Mr. Hurok gave
one of his fabulous parties.

1477
01:28:40,533 --> 01:28:42,742
{\an1}Mr. Bing, who came over.

1478
01:28:42,766 --> 01:28:44,342
It was very casual.

1479
01:28:44,366 --> 01:28:46,876
{\an1}And without any ceremony at all,
he said,

1480
01:28:46,900 --> 01:28:51,042
{\an1}"Would you be interested in
singing with the Metropolitan?"

1481
01:28:51,066 --> 01:28:54,676
And so I said,
as casually as I could,

1482
01:28:54,700 --> 01:28:57,376
{\an1}"Oh, I think I would."

1483
01:28:57,400 --> 01:28:59,642
-Rudolf Bing
was the general manager.

1484
01:28:59,666 --> 01:29:03,376
{\an1}He wanted to have a Black person
on that stage.

1485
01:29:03,400 --> 01:29:06,942
He wanted someone
that had worldwide attention,

1486
01:29:06,966 --> 01:29:10,009
{\an7}and she was absolutely
the best option for that.

1487
01:29:10,033 --> 01:29:12,842
{\an1}-People warned Rudolf Bing
not to do it.

1488
01:29:12,866 --> 01:29:15,509
{\an8}♪♪♪

1489
01:29:15,533 --> 01:29:17,976
-The greatest dream
as one grew older

1490
01:29:18,000 --> 01:29:19,542
{\an1}was to be able one day

1491
01:29:19,566 --> 01:29:23,109
to sing on the stage
of the Metropolitan Opera.

1492
01:29:23,133 --> 01:29:24,976
{\an1}And then came the day.

1493
01:29:25,000 --> 01:29:27,242
When we came
to the Metropolitan,

1494
01:29:27,266 --> 01:29:31,809
{\an1}there was a man who said
immediately, "Welcome home."

1495
01:29:31,833 --> 01:29:34,042
{\an7}-I don't think there are
many people who debut

1496
01:29:34,066 --> 01:29:37,109
{\an7}at the Metropolitan Opera
close to 60 anymore.

1497
01:29:37,133 --> 01:29:39,276
{\an8}I don't even think
it was normal at that time.

1498
01:29:39,300 --> 01:29:44,176
{\an7}-She made her debut as Ulrica
in "Un Ballo in Maschera."

1499
01:29:44,200 --> 01:29:45,642
{\an8}She was the witch.

1500
01:29:45,666 --> 01:29:48,209
{\an7}-Not a person that you think
would be singing Ulrica

1501
01:29:48,233 --> 01:29:51,042
{\an7}because the character of Ulrica
is rather gross.

1502
01:29:51,066 --> 01:29:52,909
She didn't go there
to try to sing

1503
01:29:52,933 --> 01:29:55,409
the Ulrica
that they were used to seeing.

1504
01:29:55,433 --> 01:29:57,709
{\an1}She came on with a dignity.

1505
01:29:57,733 --> 01:30:00,209
-I've read about her
that she didn't feel confident

1506
01:30:00,233 --> 01:30:02,042
{\an1}with her acting skills.

1507
01:30:02,066 --> 01:30:05,242
{\an1}-But she'd never fleshed out
characters on stage before

1508
01:30:05,266 --> 01:30:08,242
{\an1}because she wasn't allowed
to do that.

1509
01:30:08,266 --> 01:30:11,409
{\an7}In the operatic world,
the sopranos

1510
01:30:11,433 --> 01:30:14,742
{\an7}always are the leading ladies.

1511
01:30:14,766 --> 01:30:17,909
I've sung some of
Marian Anderson's pieces,

1512
01:30:17,933 --> 01:30:19,609
and they were
out of my tessitura,

1513
01:30:19,633 --> 01:30:22,109
meaning they were
out of my range,

1514
01:30:22,133 --> 01:30:25,909
{\an1}and my voice is classified
as a higher voice than hers.

1515
01:30:25,933 --> 01:30:28,109
{\an1}It's one of the reasons
that I believe

1516
01:30:28,133 --> 01:30:32,576
that Marian Anderson
was not classified as a soprano

1517
01:30:32,600 --> 01:30:35,242
{\an1}is because that would mean
that she would be

1518
01:30:35,266 --> 01:30:38,376
the love interest
of a white counterpart,

1519
01:30:38,400 --> 01:30:41,476
{\an1}which was not accepted at all
at the time.

1520
01:30:41,500 --> 01:30:43,976
[ Brakes squeal ]

1521
01:30:44,000 --> 01:30:46,609
{\an1}-The night of the performance,

1522
01:30:46,633 --> 01:30:48,542
{\an1}there was electricity in the air

1523
01:30:48,566 --> 01:30:51,976
{\an1}that you could almost cut
with a knife.

1524
01:30:52,000 --> 01:30:54,242
I was nervous.

1525
01:30:54,266 --> 01:30:57,042
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically
in French ]

1526
01:30:57,066 --> 01:31:05,066
{\an8}♪♪♪

1527
01:31:11,400 --> 01:31:12,876
{\an1}-We are absolutely certain

1528
01:31:12,900 --> 01:31:16,609
{\an1}that more could have been
brought to that part by me

1529
01:31:16,633 --> 01:31:19,509
had, at that time,
one had been a younger person.

1530
01:31:19,533 --> 01:31:22,009
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically
in French ]

1531
01:31:22,033 --> 01:31:30,033
{\an8}♪♪♪

1532
01:31:46,066 --> 01:31:49,109
-Although the voice
was not in the bloom of youth,

1533
01:31:49,133 --> 01:31:52,076
{\an7}it still made its statement

1534
01:31:52,100 --> 01:31:55,276
{\an7}in a huge, huge manner.

1535
01:31:55,300 --> 01:31:56,942
{\an8}♪♪♪

1536
01:31:56,966 --> 01:32:01,642
{\an1}-The principals went out
onto the stage with me.

1537
01:32:01,666 --> 01:32:06,342
{\an1}I was given just a little push
to stay out longer.

1538
01:32:06,366 --> 01:32:08,942
When Mother came,
there seemed to be a light

1539
01:32:08,966 --> 01:32:10,709
{\an1}around her whole face.

1540
01:32:10,733 --> 01:32:12,576
She was just beaming.

1541
01:32:12,600 --> 01:32:15,609
And she said,
"We thank the Lord."

1542
01:32:15,633 --> 01:32:17,842
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically
in French ]

1543
01:32:17,866 --> 01:32:25,866
{\an8}♪♪♪

1544
01:32:29,433 --> 01:32:32,942
-One realizes that
it's absolutely fantastic

1545
01:32:32,966 --> 01:32:36,542
that in a lifetime
you can have a great wish

1546
01:32:36,566 --> 01:32:38,742
{\an1}and that it can come true.

1547
01:32:38,766 --> 01:32:40,809
{\an8}♪♪♪

1548
01:32:40,833 --> 01:32:45,376
{\an1}[ Marian singing operatically
in French ]

1549
01:32:45,400 --> 01:32:49,376
{\an8}-She was the midwife.
She paved the way.

1550
01:32:49,400 --> 01:32:52,676
{\an7}Robert McFerrin followed her
a short time later

1551
01:32:52,700 --> 01:32:55,509
{\an8}to become the first
African-American
<i>male</i>

1552
01:32:55,533 --> 01:32:57,942
{\an8}to sing at the Met.

1553
01:32:57,966 --> 01:33:01,033
{\an7}-She was the mother of all
that would come behind her.

1554
01:33:02,933 --> 01:33:05,642
{\an7}-I say a vote of thanks

1555
01:33:05,666 --> 01:33:07,610
{\an8}to the one and only<i> 
Madame</i>

1556
01:33:07,634 --> 01:33:09,576
{\an8}Marian Anderson,

1557
01:33:09,600 --> 01:33:11,942
{\an1}and I insist on that because
I think that we should have

1558
01:33:11,966 --> 01:33:13,209
{\an1}all of the foo-fooness

1559
01:33:13,233 --> 01:33:16,342
and every drop
of the red carpet that's due.

1560
01:33:16,366 --> 01:33:20,242
{\an7}-Kathleen Battle. Jessye Norman.

1561
01:33:20,266 --> 01:33:24,209
{\an8}All these wonderful,
wonderful artists exist today

1562
01:33:24,233 --> 01:33:26,660
{\an7}and are able to be artists<i> 
because</i>

1563
01:33:26,684 --> 01:33:29,109
{\an8}of Marian Anderson.

1564
01:33:29,133 --> 01:33:33,176
{\an1}-♪ Getting to know you ♪

1565
01:33:33,200 --> 01:33:37,842
♪ Getting to know
all about you ♪

1566
01:33:37,866 --> 01:33:39,509
{\an1}-The State Department chose her

1567
01:33:39,533 --> 01:33:41,942
as one of their
Goodwill Ambassadors.

1568
01:33:41,966 --> 01:33:44,542
-No American official
or a visiting dignitary

1569
01:33:44,566 --> 01:33:47,509
{\an1}from any foreign nation
has ever before been invited

1570
01:33:47,533 --> 01:33:50,509
{\an1}to speak at the Gandhi Memorial.

1571
01:33:50,533 --> 01:33:52,976
-She was representing
the free world,

1572
01:33:53,000 --> 01:33:55,409
but the free world
wasn't entirely free,

1573
01:33:55,433 --> 01:33:57,576
and Arkansas
was a good example of that.

1574
01:33:57,600 --> 01:33:59,442
{\an1}[ Indistinct shouting ]

1575
01:33:59,466 --> 01:34:02,042
-Miss Anderson,
would you like to sing

1576
01:34:02,066 --> 01:34:04,909
to Governor Faubus
in Little Rock?

1577
01:34:04,933 --> 01:34:06,276
{\an1}-She was put on the spot

1578
01:34:06,300 --> 01:34:09,042
{\an1}when Arkansas' governor,
Orval Faubus,

1579
01:34:09,066 --> 01:34:12,776
{\an1}blocked the integration of
Little Rock Central High School.

1580
01:34:12,800 --> 01:34:16,276
{\an1}-If Governor Faubus would be
in the frame of mind

1581
01:34:16,300 --> 01:34:19,142
{\an1}to accept it for what it is,

1582
01:34:19,166 --> 01:34:21,109
{\an1}for what he could get from it,

1583
01:34:21,133 --> 01:34:23,576
{\an1}I would be very delighted
to do it.

1584
01:34:23,600 --> 01:34:29,642
{\an1}♪ You've got to be taught
to hate and fear ♪

1585
01:34:29,666 --> 01:34:35,176
{\an1}♪ You've got to be taught
from year to year ♪

1586
01:34:35,200 --> 01:34:39,009
{\an1}No matter how big a nation is,

1587
01:34:39,033 --> 01:34:43,842
it is no stronger
than its weakest people.

1588
01:34:43,866 --> 01:34:45,876
{\an1}And as long as you keep
a person down,

1589
01:34:45,900 --> 01:34:49,142
{\an1}some part of you has to be
down there to hold him down.

1590
01:34:49,166 --> 01:34:53,242
{\an1}So it means you cannot soar
as you might otherwise.

1591
01:34:53,266 --> 01:34:56,709
♪ Taught ♪

1592
01:34:56,733 --> 01:34:59,109
[ Song ends ]

1593
01:34:59,133 --> 01:35:02,442
-She was chosen
by President Eisenhower

1594
01:35:02,466 --> 01:35:06,276
{\an1}as an alternate delegate
to the United Nations.

1595
01:35:06,300 --> 01:35:10,309
-Mr. President,
we are very pleased

1596
01:35:10,333 --> 01:35:14,276
{\an1}that it has been possible
for the General Assembly

1597
01:35:14,300 --> 01:35:18,909
to adopt a resolution
on the Somali border question.

1598
01:35:18,933 --> 01:35:22,476
-It would be good
to be as solidly grounded

1599
01:35:22,500 --> 01:35:25,542
{\an1}in your own information
about the country

1600
01:35:25,566 --> 01:35:27,242
so that you can make
a decent decision

1601
01:35:27,266 --> 01:35:30,076
{\an1}with which you can stand
for a while.

1602
01:35:30,100 --> 01:35:32,276
{\an1}-Marian Anderson becomes

1603
01:35:32,300 --> 01:35:37,142
{\an7}a really very powerful delegate
and peace-builder.

1604
01:35:37,166 --> 01:35:40,576
{\an1}It's not just that she goes
around the world and sings.

1605
01:35:40,600 --> 01:35:42,342
{\an8}♪♪♪

1606
01:35:42,366 --> 01:35:44,942
-She went to a number
of countries.

1607
01:35:44,966 --> 01:35:47,076
Her husband,
Orpheus King Fisher,

1608
01:35:47,100 --> 01:35:50,376
went with her.

1609
01:35:50,400 --> 01:35:51,742
{\an1}She absorbed and respected

1610
01:35:51,766 --> 01:35:55,542
intellectual
and artistic communities,

1611
01:35:55,566 --> 01:35:57,442
spending time
with the famous partners

1612
01:35:57,466 --> 01:35:59,809
{\an1}Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera.

1613
01:35:59,833 --> 01:36:02,142
{\an8}♪♪♪

1614
01:36:02,166 --> 01:36:04,909
-Much of my time
was spent on the road

1615
01:36:04,933 --> 01:36:06,809
{\an1}than it was spent at home.

1616
01:36:06,833 --> 01:36:08,909
{\an8}♪♪♪

1617
01:36:08,933 --> 01:36:11,276
We have no children,

1618
01:36:11,300 --> 01:36:13,109
but home, of course,

1619
01:36:13,133 --> 01:36:16,242
{\an1}means the love of the people
for each other.

1620
01:36:16,266 --> 01:36:18,676
{\an8}♪♪♪

1621
01:36:18,700 --> 01:36:21,109
{\an1}One has tried to make up

1622
01:36:21,133 --> 01:36:26,542
for any lack
of having had children.

1623
01:36:26,566 --> 01:36:29,742
{\an1}One would be as understanding,
as gay,

1624
01:36:29,766 --> 01:36:34,409
and make the home
as interesting as possible

1625
01:36:34,433 --> 01:36:37,476
{\an1}with interesting people,
with interesting things to read,

1626
01:36:37,500 --> 01:36:43,309
{\an1}interesting things to do,
and then places to go...

1627
01:36:43,333 --> 01:36:48,209
so that one's life
is a thing of beauty.

1628
01:36:48,233 --> 01:36:51,209
{\an8}-Their relationship
had cemented over the years,

1629
01:36:51,233 --> 01:36:52,776
{\an7}through thick and thin.

1630
01:36:52,800 --> 01:36:55,209
{\an1}He was a charming man.

1631
01:36:55,233 --> 01:36:57,576
{\an1}For a male at the time,

1632
01:36:57,600 --> 01:37:01,009
{\an1}to see his wife so famous

1633
01:37:01,033 --> 01:37:04,009
{\an1}and so exposed to the world,

1634
01:37:04,033 --> 01:37:08,042
it must have been
a bit difficult to swallow.

1635
01:37:08,066 --> 01:37:11,409
King had a male ego,
that's for sure.

1636
01:37:11,433 --> 01:37:14,376
Ethel, her sister,
would always say,

1637
01:37:14,400 --> 01:37:16,876
"You know, it was not
that always easy

1638
01:37:16,900 --> 01:37:19,442
{\an1}with our good friend."

1639
01:37:19,466 --> 01:37:23,409
The farm...
That was their cocoon.

1640
01:37:23,433 --> 01:37:25,342
{\an1}[ Cheers and applause ]

1641
01:37:25,366 --> 01:37:27,476
{\an1}[ Marching band plays ]

1642
01:37:27,500 --> 01:37:30,309
{\an8}♪♪♪

1643
01:37:30,333 --> 01:37:34,209
{\an1}-She was chosen to sing
the national anthem

1644
01:37:34,233 --> 01:37:37,009
at the inauguration
of John F. Kennedy.

1645
01:37:37,033 --> 01:37:39,176
{\an8}♪♪♪

1646
01:37:39,200 --> 01:37:42,776
{\an1}-♪ O say, can you see ♪

1647
01:37:42,800 --> 01:37:46,642
{\an1}♪ By the dawn's early light ♪

1648
01:37:46,666 --> 01:37:48,642
{\an1}♪ What so proudly we hailed ♪

1649
01:37:48,666 --> 01:37:53,009
{\an1}-It was sort of a return in
some senses to the 1939 concert.

1650
01:37:53,033 --> 01:37:54,476
-♪ ...last gleaming ♪

1651
01:37:54,500 --> 01:38:01,109
{\an1}♪ O'er the land of the free ♪

1652
01:38:01,133 --> 01:38:08,676
{\an1}♪ And the home of the brave ♪

1653
01:38:08,700 --> 01:38:12,876
{\an8}♪♪♪

1654
01:38:12,900 --> 01:38:17,009
-In 1962,
Eleanor Roosevelt died.

1655
01:38:17,033 --> 01:38:19,909
{\an1}They had really become
great friends.

1656
01:38:19,933 --> 01:38:23,142
{\an1}She attended the funeral.

1657
01:38:23,166 --> 01:38:27,042
{\an1}At this point, her mother, Anna,
was really failing.

1658
01:38:27,066 --> 01:38:29,042
{\an1}She was in poor health.

1659
01:38:29,066 --> 01:38:31,142
{\an8}♪♪♪

1660
01:38:31,166 --> 01:38:34,409
{\an1}In 1963, she does her first trip

1661
01:38:34,433 --> 01:38:37,542
{\an1}to Australia and New Zealand.

1662
01:38:37,566 --> 01:38:40,442
{\an1}She didn't have a string
of very good concerts,

1663
01:38:40,466 --> 01:38:45,176
{\an1}and the Australian critics
were pretty rough on her.

1664
01:38:45,200 --> 01:38:47,709
-Age shows.

1665
01:38:47,733 --> 01:38:50,642
{\an1}A voice becomes less steady.

1666
01:38:50,666 --> 01:38:52,142
{\an1}-I think it's difficult
for singers

1667
01:38:52,166 --> 01:38:55,609
{\an1}if you continue to sing well

1668
01:38:55,633 --> 01:38:57,709
and there's interest
and invitations

1669
01:38:57,733 --> 01:38:59,042
{\an1}for you to still come to sing

1670
01:38:59,066 --> 01:39:04,409
to make the choice of
when to bow out gracefully.

1671
01:39:04,433 --> 01:39:06,609
{\an1}-She had a conversation
with Sol Hurok

1672
01:39:06,633 --> 01:39:08,242
and said,
"Maybe I should retire now.

1673
01:39:08,266 --> 01:39:10,409
I think I've come
to the end of the line.

1674
01:39:10,433 --> 01:39:13,976
{\an1}I'm exhausted, and I think
maybe the critics in Australia

1675
01:39:14,000 --> 01:39:17,476
{\an1}are right, and my voice
just can't carry it anymore."

1676
01:39:17,500 --> 01:39:20,942
{\an1}But he talks her out of it.

1677
01:39:20,966 --> 01:39:25,576
{\an1}After, she held a huge
fundraiser at Marianna Farms

1678
01:39:25,600 --> 01:39:27,709
{\an1}for more than 200 people.

1679
01:39:27,733 --> 01:39:30,576
{\an7}-The fundraiser was for
the National Association

1680
01:39:30,600 --> 01:39:32,742
{\an8}for the Advancement
of Colored People.

1681
01:39:32,766 --> 01:39:35,909
-Roy Wilkins,
the head of the NAACP,

1682
01:39:35,933 --> 01:39:39,276
asked her if she would open up

1683
01:39:39,300 --> 01:39:42,309
{\an1}the March on Washington
for Jobs and Freedom.

1684
01:39:42,333 --> 01:39:50,333
{\an8}♪♪♪

1685
01:39:51,533 --> 01:39:53,542
{\an7}-Do you know what happened
to Marian Anderson?

1686
01:39:53,566 --> 01:39:56,509
{\an7}She was supposed to sing
"The Star-Spangled Banner."

1687
01:39:56,533 --> 01:40:01,342
{\an7}She got caught in the crowd.
She didn't get up there in time.

1688
01:40:01,366 --> 01:40:04,509
And she arrived
up on the podium crying.

1689
01:40:04,533 --> 01:40:07,976
{\an1}She was absolutely distraught.

1690
01:40:08,000 --> 01:40:10,509
It was one of these
incredible moments.

1691
01:40:10,533 --> 01:40:12,909
{\an1}[ Cheers and applause ]

1692
01:40:12,933 --> 01:40:15,409
{\an8}♪♪♪

1693
01:40:15,433 --> 01:40:20,842
{\an1}-♪ He's got the whole world
in his hands ♪

1694
01:40:20,866 --> 01:40:24,776
{\an1}♪ He's got the big round world
in his hands ♪

1695
01:40:24,800 --> 01:40:28,776
{\an1}♪ He's got the wild world
in his hands ♪

1696
01:40:28,800 --> 01:40:32,742
{\an1}♪ He's got the whole world
in his hands ♪

1697
01:40:32,766 --> 01:40:40,766
{\an1}♪ He's got the little bits
of baby in his hands ♪

1698
01:40:50,500 --> 01:40:56,176
{\an1}♪ He's got the whole world ♪

1699
01:40:56,200 --> 01:41:04,200
♪ In his hands ♪

1700
01:41:05,866 --> 01:41:08,776
{\an1}[ Cheers and applause ]

1701
01:41:08,800 --> 01:41:11,409
{\an1}-She was mentioned several times
by the speakers

1702
01:41:11,433 --> 01:41:15,876
{\an1}that her concert back in 1939
had created that space

1703
01:41:15,900 --> 01:41:19,609
{\an1}as a kind of sacred space
for democracy and freedom.

1704
01:41:19,633 --> 01:41:22,142
{\an1}-100 years of delay have passed

1705
01:41:22,166 --> 01:41:25,109
{\an1}since President Lincoln
freed the slaves,

1706
01:41:25,133 --> 01:41:27,976
yet their heirs,
their grandsons,

1707
01:41:28,000 --> 01:41:29,442
are not fully free.

1708
01:41:29,466 --> 01:41:33,142
{\an1}-Marian was a strong supporter
of John F. Kennedy.

1709
01:41:33,166 --> 01:41:36,042
-He had something
that people wanted to copy,

1710
01:41:36,066 --> 01:41:37,909
{\an1}they wanted to emulate.

1711
01:41:37,933 --> 01:41:40,809
{\an1}And I think he brought a spirit
to Washington

1712
01:41:40,833 --> 01:41:44,009
{\an1}which had been lacking
for a long time.

1713
01:41:44,033 --> 01:41:52,033
{\an1}-♪ My Lord, what a morning ♪

1714
01:41:52,633 --> 01:41:57,042
{\an1}-President Kennedy names her
as one of 31 recipients

1715
01:41:57,066 --> 01:42:00,742
of the Presidential
Medal of Freedom.

1716
01:42:00,766 --> 01:42:04,609
{\an1}Before the presentation ceremony
could take place,

1717
01:42:04,633 --> 01:42:07,309
he was assassinated.

1718
01:42:07,333 --> 01:42:08,709
{\an1}Ultimately, she gets the medal

1719
01:42:08,733 --> 01:42:11,809
{\an1}overseen by the new president,
Lyndon Johnson.

1720
01:42:11,833 --> 01:42:14,876
-♪ ...fall ♪

1721
01:42:14,900 --> 01:42:21,409
♪ When the stars
begin the fall ♪

1722
01:42:21,433 --> 01:42:23,976
{\an1}-Her mother, Anna, dies,

1723
01:42:24,000 --> 01:42:27,309
and that was
a tremendous blow to her.

1724
01:42:27,333 --> 01:42:30,909
{\an8}♪♪♪

1725
01:42:30,933 --> 01:42:35,076
{\an1}-♪ Sometimes I feel like ♪

1726
01:42:35,100 --> 01:42:40,409
{\an1}♪ A motherless child ♪

1727
01:42:40,433 --> 01:42:44,476
{\an1}♪ Sometimes I feel like ♪

1728
01:42:44,500 --> 01:42:49,642
{\an1}♪ A motherless child ♪

1729
01:42:49,666 --> 01:42:54,009
♪ A long way... ♪

1730
01:42:54,033 --> 01:42:58,276
{\an8}-She finally decides
to have a goodbye tour...

1731
01:42:58,300 --> 01:43:00,209
{\an8}♪♪♪

1732
01:43:00,233 --> 01:43:02,809
{\an1}...which begins, of all places,

1733
01:43:02,833 --> 01:43:06,776
Constitution Hall
in October of 1964.

1734
01:43:06,800 --> 01:43:12,776
-♪ A long way ♪

1735
01:43:12,800 --> 01:43:18,609
♪ From ♪

1736
01:43:18,633 --> 01:43:21,442
♪ Home ♪

1737
01:43:21,466 --> 01:43:24,842
{\an1}[ Cheers and applause ]

1738
01:43:24,866 --> 01:43:28,642
{\an1}-She found another way
of being in public life

1739
01:43:28,666 --> 01:43:30,476
{\an1}in the summer of 1965.

1740
01:43:30,500 --> 01:43:32,509
{\an1}-From these honored dead,

1741
01:43:32,533 --> 01:43:36,576
{\an1}we take increased devotion
to that cause for which...

1742
01:43:36,600 --> 01:43:39,976
{\an1}- "The Lincoln Portrait"
by Aaron Copeland.

1743
01:43:40,000 --> 01:43:42,376
{\an8}It's a portrait
of Abraham Lincoln

1744
01:43:42,400 --> 01:43:45,042
{\an7}through his own words.

1745
01:43:45,066 --> 01:43:48,876
{\an1}- "We cannot escape history,"
and he begins with that.

1746
01:43:48,900 --> 01:43:51,542
{\an1}And I think it does not
only relate to history.

1747
01:43:51,566 --> 01:43:55,142
{\an1}It relates to a lot of things
in our lives.

1748
01:43:55,166 --> 01:43:58,276
{\an1}-She did it over 40 times.
It sort of gave her

1749
01:43:58,300 --> 01:44:02,376
{\an1}almost a second career
for more than a decade.

1750
01:44:02,400 --> 01:44:05,276
-This evening, we are
recognizing five people

1751
01:44:05,300 --> 01:44:07,509
{\an1}who by any possible standard

1752
01:44:07,533 --> 01:44:11,376
has achieved a level
of worldwide greatness.

1753
01:44:11,400 --> 01:44:14,776
{\an1}-In 1978, the Kennedy Center
began their honors,

1754
01:44:14,800 --> 01:44:17,276
and she was one of
the first recipients.

1755
01:44:17,300 --> 01:44:20,876
-She truly overcame,
gave to the world of music

1756
01:44:20,900 --> 01:44:24,476
a voice
that Maestro Toscanini said

1757
01:44:24,500 --> 01:44:28,076
{\an1}is heard only once in 100 years.

1758
01:44:28,100 --> 01:44:31,176
{\an1}Those of us who have been
privileged to hear her

1759
01:44:31,200 --> 01:44:35,576
over our years
know what he meant,

1760
01:44:35,600 --> 01:44:39,009
{\an1}and we remember other things
that happened along the way.

1761
01:44:39,033 --> 01:44:42,476
{\an1}-♪ In his hands, ohh! ♪

1762
01:44:42,500 --> 01:44:44,242
♪ He's got ♪
- ♪ In his hands ♪

1763
01:44:44,266 --> 01:44:46,676
- ♪ He's got the ♪
- ♪ Whole world in ♪

1764
01:44:46,700 --> 01:44:48,709
♪ World in his ♪

1765
01:44:48,733 --> 01:44:51,742
-♪ H-a-a-a-ands ♪

1766
01:44:51,766 --> 01:44:55,209
{\an1}[ Cheers and applause ]

1767
01:44:55,233 --> 01:44:59,209
-♪ Ohhhhh, yeah! ♪

1768
01:44:59,233 --> 01:45:00,866
Whoo!

1769
01:45:02,866 --> 01:45:05,509
-Orpheus suffered
a couple of strokes.

1770
01:45:05,533 --> 01:45:07,176
{\an1}He needed some assistance
all the time.

1771
01:45:07,200 --> 01:45:12,276
Aunt Marian
was with him every day.

1772
01:45:12,300 --> 01:45:16,642
{\an1}-In 1986, her husband died.

1773
01:45:16,666 --> 01:45:19,109
At that point,
she's 89 years old.

1774
01:45:19,133 --> 01:45:23,442
{\an8}♪♪♪

1775
01:45:23,466 --> 01:45:25,942
{\an1}-There were so many memories.

1776
01:45:25,966 --> 01:45:29,809
Sometimes you need
to bring them back.

1777
01:45:29,833 --> 01:45:33,842
It settles you down
if you get racing too fast.

1778
01:45:33,866 --> 01:45:37,176
{\an8}♪♪♪

1779
01:45:37,200 --> 01:45:40,476
{\an1}-Her sister Ethel dies.

1780
01:45:40,500 --> 01:45:46,476
{\an1}She becomes closer and closer
to her nephew, James DePreist.

1781
01:45:46,500 --> 01:45:51,309
{\an1}-There came a point when
her resources began to dwindle

1782
01:45:51,333 --> 01:45:54,076
and it was not
economically feasible

1783
01:45:54,100 --> 01:45:57,642
for her to remain
at Marianna Farms.

1784
01:45:57,666 --> 01:45:59,409
{\an1}-I approached Aunt Marian,
and I said,

1785
01:45:59,433 --> 01:46:02,476
{\an1}"Each time we see you, Auntie,
we leave with a heavy heart

1786
01:46:02,500 --> 01:46:04,942
because we know that
we have to go on the road

1787
01:46:04,966 --> 01:46:06,309
{\an1}and you're by yourself here,

1788
01:46:06,333 --> 01:46:09,642
and it's not...
It's not very pleasant for us,

1789
01:46:09,666 --> 01:46:11,342
and I'm sure
it's not pleasant for you.

1790
01:46:11,366 --> 01:46:16,809
{\an1}So what about if you could come
and stay with us in Oregon?"

1791
01:46:16,833 --> 01:46:20,509
{\an1}She looked out of the window
at the meadow.

1792
01:46:20,533 --> 01:46:24,042
{\an8}♪♪♪

1793
01:46:24,066 --> 01:46:26,309
She turned around
about a minute later,

1794
01:46:26,333 --> 01:46:30,409
and she said,
"I think it's a fabulous idea."

1795
01:46:30,433 --> 01:46:34,842
{\an1}We reserved a week in July
to empty the house.

1796
01:46:34,866 --> 01:46:40,009
{\an8}♪♪♪

1797
01:46:40,033 --> 01:46:44,276
-We discovered trunks
in the basement at her home

1798
01:46:44,300 --> 01:46:49,042
{\an1}that were filled with gowns
and mementos and regalia

1799
01:46:49,066 --> 01:46:51,576
{\an7}and just all kinds of things.

1800
01:46:51,600 --> 01:46:57,476
{\an1}She could tell me where she wore
this dress and where she got it,

1801
01:46:57,500 --> 01:47:03,909
{\an1}and it brought back memories
for her of her experience.

1802
01:47:03,933 --> 01:47:06,242
{\an1}-Marian kept <i>everything.</i>

1803
01:47:06,266 --> 01:47:09,876
-So, this was bottled
in March 1929.

1804
01:47:09,900 --> 01:47:13,009
-Every single thing.

1805
01:47:13,033 --> 01:47:15,409
{\an1}-There were 4,600 vocal scores

1806
01:47:15,433 --> 01:47:19,209
in Marian Anderson's
sheet-music library.

1807
01:47:19,233 --> 01:47:23,209
{\an7}Out of those 4,600, nearly
a quarter of them were by women

1808
01:47:23,233 --> 01:47:25,242
in hoping that
she would help promote them

1809
01:47:25,266 --> 01:47:29,209
{\an1}to professional composers.

1810
01:47:29,233 --> 01:47:33,676
{\an1}-Whether it was a simple wish
or greeting cards

1811
01:47:33,700 --> 01:47:37,076
{\an1}or letters from everybody,

1812
01:47:37,100 --> 01:47:38,909
{\an1}it was important to her

1813
01:47:38,933 --> 01:47:41,309
{\an1}that she would respect
those people

1814
01:47:41,333 --> 01:47:45,142
who took the time
to think about her

1815
01:47:45,166 --> 01:47:48,142
and love her enough
to send a note.

1816
01:47:48,166 --> 01:47:49,809
{\an8}♪♪♪

1817
01:47:49,833 --> 01:47:52,776
{\an1}-She was a very generous person

1818
01:47:52,800 --> 01:47:56,276
who often gave funds
and encouragement and mentorship

1819
01:47:56,300 --> 01:48:00,409
{\an1}to younger Black women
who were classical singers.

1820
01:48:00,433 --> 01:48:03,542
{\an8}-She gave me
one of her beautiful gowns,

1821
01:48:03,566 --> 01:48:07,242
{\an8}a Karinska silk gown,
which I am wearing.

1822
01:48:07,266 --> 01:48:09,242
{\an7}It was a tremendous gift

1823
01:48:09,266 --> 01:48:12,700
to go into the closet
of Marian Anderson.

1824
01:48:14,366 --> 01:48:17,476
{\an1}The day that I visited
Marian Anderson at her home

1825
01:48:17,500 --> 01:48:20,176
{\an1}in Danbury, Connecticut,
her nursemaid said to me,

1826
01:48:20,200 --> 01:48:23,366
"Oh! You just missed
Kathleen Battle."

1827
01:48:25,733 --> 01:48:28,209
{\an1}She remains the great mother
that reminds you

1828
01:48:28,233 --> 01:48:32,566
every single time...
"Absolutely, you can do it."

1829
01:48:35,133 --> 01:48:40,076
{\an1}-In many of her interviews,
she often would refer to "we."

1830
01:48:40,100 --> 01:48:43,276
She told me one day,
"There was no way

1831
01:48:43,300 --> 01:48:47,776
{\an1}I could not acknowledge the Lord
who gave me such a gift.

1832
01:48:47,800 --> 01:48:49,609
{\an8}♪♪♪

1833
01:48:49,633 --> 01:48:50,976
I was born with it.

1834
01:48:51,000 --> 01:48:55,009
He gave it to me.
We had a partnership."

1835
01:48:55,033 --> 01:48:58,742
{\an1}The "we" came from that.

1836
01:48:58,766 --> 01:49:03,176
-♪ Ave ♪

1837
01:49:03,200 --> 01:49:11,200
♪ Maria ♪

1838
01:49:13,200 --> 01:49:21,200
♪ Maiden mild ♪

1839
01:49:22,033 --> 01:49:25,709
♪ Oh, listen ♪

1840
01:49:25,733 --> 01:49:32,776
{\an1}♪ To a maiden's prayer ♪

1841
01:49:32,800 --> 01:49:38,576
♪ For thou canst hear
from the wild ♪

1842
01:49:38,600 --> 01:49:40,576
{\an1}Those who wrote the music,

1843
01:49:40,600 --> 01:49:44,509
{\an1}those who made the pianos
on which the accompanist plays,

1844
01:49:44,533 --> 01:49:45,909
{\an1}the accompanist who actually

1845
01:49:45,933 --> 01:49:49,109
lends support
to the performance.

1846
01:49:49,133 --> 01:49:51,876
To go out without
any of these things,

1847
01:49:51,900 --> 01:49:56,742
to stand on your own,
even the voice, even the breath,

1848
01:49:56,766 --> 01:50:00,209
{\an1}even the emotion that you have,
it's not of your doing.

1849
01:50:00,233 --> 01:50:05,642
♪ Safe may we sleep
beneath thy care ♪

1850
01:50:05,666 --> 01:50:10,276
{\an1}There is no particular thing
that you can do alone.

1851
01:50:10,300 --> 01:50:12,142
{\an8}♪♪♪

1852
01:50:12,166 --> 01:50:14,909
{\an1}The "I" in it is very small,
after all.

1853
01:50:14,933 --> 01:50:17,009
{\an8}♪♪♪

1854
01:50:17,033 --> 01:50:19,676
{\an1}-When she went into a coma,

1855
01:50:19,700 --> 01:50:23,009
we sat beside her
holding her hand

1856
01:50:23,033 --> 01:50:26,642
and telling her
that we would be fine.

1857
01:50:26,666 --> 01:50:28,476
It was time to go.

1858
01:50:28,500 --> 01:50:30,609
{\an1}She just died peacefully.

1859
01:50:30,633 --> 01:50:32,776
{\an8}♪♪♪

1860
01:50:32,800 --> 01:50:38,609
{\an1}-She dies on April 8, 1993,

1861
01:50:38,633 --> 01:50:40,909
{\an1}one day before the anniversary

1862
01:50:40,933 --> 01:50:43,976
{\an1}of the Easter 1939 concert.

1863
01:50:44,000 --> 01:50:51,376
{\an1}-♪ Hear our maiden's prayer ♪

1864
01:50:51,400 --> 01:50:54,542
{\an1}-The voice carries everything.

1865
01:50:54,566 --> 01:50:55,942
{\an1}When you laugh, when you cry,

1866
01:50:55,966 --> 01:50:57,776
when you're angry,
when you're sad,

1867
01:50:57,800 --> 01:51:01,442
{\an1}that of your ancestors,
it has all of that.

1868
01:51:01,466 --> 01:51:04,176
It has blood in it.
It has memory in it.

1869
01:51:04,200 --> 01:51:08,342
-♪ Ave ♪

1870
01:51:08,366 --> 01:51:16,366
♪ Maria ♪

1871
01:51:18,300 --> 01:51:20,676
{\an1}-Even though we may not
be able to articulate

1872
01:51:20,700 --> 01:51:23,576
{\an1}why that person's voice
moves us so much

1873
01:51:23,600 --> 01:51:27,009
{\an1}because it's speaking to so many
different parts of who we are.

1874
01:51:27,033 --> 01:51:28,376
{\an1}That's what her voice had,

1875
01:51:28,400 --> 01:51:32,042
{\an1}this incredible power in it
to stop a nation.

1876
01:51:32,066 --> 01:51:37,709
{\an1}She didn't have to say,
"No, this is not right."

1877
01:51:37,733 --> 01:51:41,042
Her voice said that.

1878
01:51:41,066 --> 01:51:46,476
{\an1}-We are all here to have
a kind of living of our own

1879
01:51:46,500 --> 01:51:49,866
and to be recognized
for what we are.

1880
01:51:51,700 --> 01:51:54,133
{\an1}[ Cheers and applause ]

1881
01:51:56,033 --> 01:51:59,566
Thank you.
And God bless you all.

1882
01:52:02,366 --> 01:52:10,366
{\an8}♪♪♪

1883
01:52:59,533 --> 01:53:00,900
{\an7}O0 C1