1 00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:10,800 ♪♪ 2 00:00:30,033 --> 00:00:33,800 [ Instruments tuning ] 3 00:00:33,800 --> 00:00:36,733 -All right. 4 00:00:36,733 --> 00:00:40,133 Okay, Jim, this is guitar one, and, uh... 5 00:00:42,033 --> 00:00:44,100 ...this will be our first song. [ Clears throat ] 6 00:00:44,100 --> 00:00:45,366 [ Cheers and applause ] 7 00:00:45,366 --> 00:00:48,533 -[ Strums "It's My Way" on guitar ] 8 00:00:48,533 --> 00:00:50,966 -Let's welcome to the stage Buffy Sainte-Marie. 9 00:00:50,966 --> 00:00:53,133 [ Cheers and applause ] 10 00:00:53,133 --> 00:01:01,966 ♪♪ 11 00:01:01,966 --> 00:01:04,900 -♪ I'm cutting my own way ♪ 12 00:01:04,900 --> 00:01:07,500 ♪ Through my own day ♪ 13 00:01:07,500 --> 00:01:10,000 ♪ And I dare say ♪ 14 00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:12,866 ♪ Is it's my own ♪ 15 00:01:12,866 --> 00:01:15,700 -She was always way ahead of the game. 16 00:01:15,700 --> 00:01:17,933 She knew she had a gift, 17 00:01:17,933 --> 00:01:21,400 and she was not afraid to share it, show it, 18 00:01:21,400 --> 00:01:23,100 be proud of it. 19 00:01:23,100 --> 00:01:25,800 When she played, it was hers. 20 00:01:25,800 --> 00:01:28,733 -♪ The years I've known ♪ 21 00:01:28,733 --> 00:01:31,300 ♪ And the life I've grown ♪ 22 00:01:31,300 --> 00:01:34,000 ♪ Got a way I'm going ♪ 23 00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:36,133 ♪ And it's my way ♪ 24 00:01:38,066 --> 00:01:41,233 -She's an icon, she's a six-time Juno winner, 25 00:01:41,233 --> 00:01:44,400 a trailblazer, an Academy Award winner, 26 00:01:44,400 --> 00:01:47,233 a Companion to the Order of Canada. 27 00:01:47,233 --> 00:01:49,166 All of those things come to mind, 28 00:01:49,166 --> 00:01:52,800 but they're not strong enough to actually define 29 00:01:52,800 --> 00:01:55,266 who Buffy Sainte-Marie is. 30 00:01:55,266 --> 00:01:57,333 -♪ Sword in my own hand ♪ 31 00:01:57,333 --> 00:02:02,500 ♪ I got my own plan that only I can know ♪ 32 00:02:02,500 --> 00:02:03,666 ♪ Don't be... ♪ 33 00:02:03,666 --> 00:02:06,733 -When you're told generation after generation 34 00:02:06,733 --> 00:02:09,733 that you're ugly, you're dirty, 35 00:02:09,733 --> 00:02:13,233 you're a savage, you don't belong, 36 00:02:13,233 --> 00:02:14,800 Buffy comes along, 37 00:02:14,800 --> 00:02:17,433 tells you something very different. 38 00:02:17,433 --> 00:02:20,400 -♪ I got my own world ♪ 39 00:02:20,400 --> 00:02:22,366 ♪ I got my own life ♪ 40 00:02:22,366 --> 00:02:24,966 -She's such an amazing, well-rounded Human being, 41 00:02:24,966 --> 00:02:27,866 and that comes through in everything that she does. 42 00:02:27,866 --> 00:02:30,566 -♪ I got my own kith ♪ 43 00:02:30,566 --> 00:02:32,366 -Oh, I was very impressed with her. 44 00:02:32,366 --> 00:02:37,166 Her stage performance and her songwriting ability -- 45 00:02:37,166 --> 00:02:39,400 Buffy was different. 46 00:02:39,400 --> 00:02:42,333 -Buffy is the boldest woman I know 47 00:02:42,333 --> 00:02:44,200 in a quiet and compassionate way. 48 00:02:44,200 --> 00:02:46,833 -♪ I got my own tears and it's my way ♪ 49 00:02:46,833 --> 00:02:50,466 -Places that Buffy has been erased from -- 50 00:02:50,466 --> 00:02:53,166 well, I mean, it's all of them, 51 00:02:53,166 --> 00:02:57,966 particularly the mainstream music industry. 52 00:02:57,966 --> 00:03:00,500 -♪ The years I've known ♪ 53 00:03:00,500 --> 00:03:02,666 ♪ And the life I've grown ♪ 54 00:03:02,666 --> 00:03:05,466 -I'm so grateful for the work that Buffy has done 55 00:03:05,466 --> 00:03:08,566 to bring attention to missing and murdered Indigenous women 56 00:03:08,566 --> 00:03:11,033 and making sure that people are aware of what's going on 57 00:03:11,033 --> 00:03:12,766 so that we can do something about it. 58 00:03:12,766 --> 00:03:15,500 -♪ Put down the story ♪ 59 00:03:15,500 --> 00:03:16,800 -Throughout her career, 60 00:03:16,800 --> 00:03:18,300 she's always at the cutting edge, 61 00:03:18,300 --> 00:03:23,000 and her songs encapsulate all of time -- 62 00:03:23,000 --> 00:03:26,233 drawing on the past, speaking now, 63 00:03:26,233 --> 00:03:28,400 and sending it into the future. 64 00:03:28,400 --> 00:03:31,300 -♪ You're bound for glory ♪ 65 00:03:31,300 --> 00:03:34,800 ♪ All on your own one day ♪ 66 00:03:34,800 --> 00:03:38,400 ♪♪ 67 00:03:38,400 --> 00:03:40,566 -They only made one Buffy Sainte-Marie, 68 00:03:40,566 --> 00:03:42,433 I can tell you. 69 00:03:42,433 --> 00:03:44,700 [ Cheers and applause ] 70 00:03:52,100 --> 00:03:54,133 [ Birds chirping ] 71 00:04:02,533 --> 00:04:06,233 -I've lived in Hawaii in a real obscure place 72 00:04:06,233 --> 00:04:08,366 in the mountains of the middle of nowhere 73 00:04:08,366 --> 00:04:10,900 with a bunch of goats and my sweetheart. 74 00:04:10,900 --> 00:04:17,800 And it's funny -- I have a lot of confidence in solitude. 75 00:04:17,800 --> 00:04:20,033 And I think that's what's allowed me 76 00:04:20,033 --> 00:04:23,233 to enjoy music for so long. 77 00:04:23,233 --> 00:04:26,033 Songs are like snapshots of your life. 78 00:04:26,033 --> 00:04:28,533 I write about everything. 79 00:04:28,533 --> 00:04:29,900 Oh, here's some more Hawaii ones. 80 00:04:29,900 --> 00:04:32,533 Ooh, this one's kind of nice. 81 00:04:32,533 --> 00:04:35,166 [ Plays down-tempo tune ] 82 00:04:35,166 --> 00:04:37,800 ♪♪ 83 00:04:37,800 --> 00:04:40,233 You know, I love show business, 84 00:04:40,233 --> 00:04:43,300 but I really do need the other side of that. 85 00:04:45,833 --> 00:04:49,666 I'm kind of not surprised to be 80 years old 86 00:04:49,666 --> 00:04:54,700 and have things where they are right now for me professionally. 87 00:04:54,700 --> 00:04:58,500 ♪ Little boys tap dancing in the Quarter streets ♪ 88 00:04:58,500 --> 00:05:00,400 ♪ Of New Orleans, yeah ♪ 89 00:05:00,400 --> 00:05:02,500 I found out somewhere along the way -- 90 00:05:02,500 --> 00:05:04,100 I can't tell you what year it was 91 00:05:04,100 --> 00:05:05,533 or where I was in my journey, 92 00:05:05,533 --> 00:05:09,900 but at a certain point I realized that 93 00:05:09,900 --> 00:05:13,533 what I was doing at that time, 94 00:05:13,533 --> 00:05:15,300 the timing was off. 95 00:05:15,300 --> 00:05:18,233 ♪ Put on some high-heeled shoes, go out on the town ♪ 96 00:05:18,233 --> 00:05:19,566 In the early '60s, you know, 97 00:05:19,566 --> 00:05:22,000 people would just be flabbergasted 98 00:05:22,000 --> 00:05:24,533 that I would dare to use the word "genocide" 99 00:05:24,533 --> 00:05:27,966 regarding the North American Holocaust. 100 00:05:27,966 --> 00:05:31,733 And it took another over 50 years 101 00:05:31,733 --> 00:05:37,600 before truth and reconciliation brought the facts to light, 102 00:05:37,600 --> 00:05:40,466 and it vindicated my music. 103 00:05:40,466 --> 00:05:45,100 ♪♪ 104 00:05:45,100 --> 00:05:48,100 I learned that sometimes you have to carry the medicine 105 00:05:48,100 --> 00:05:51,233 for a long time 106 00:05:51,233 --> 00:05:53,466 before it's time to administer it. 107 00:05:53,466 --> 00:05:56,766 ♪♪ 108 00:05:56,766 --> 00:05:59,000 [ Rooster crows ] 109 00:06:02,066 --> 00:06:04,933 [ Down-tempo music plays ] 110 00:06:04,933 --> 00:06:13,933 ♪♪ 111 00:06:13,933 --> 00:06:17,533 As a child, you know, I was told two things 112 00:06:17,533 --> 00:06:22,033 that kind of should have ruined me. 113 00:06:22,033 --> 00:06:23,800 And the two things are, 114 00:06:23,800 --> 00:06:28,733 "You can't be a musician -- you can't read music." 115 00:06:28,733 --> 00:06:31,533 [ Chuckles ] You cannot tell me I can't be a musician 116 00:06:31,533 --> 00:06:34,266 just because you don't recognize natural music. 117 00:06:34,266 --> 00:06:36,866 ♪♪ 118 00:06:36,866 --> 00:06:38,200 And the other thing that I was told is, 119 00:06:38,200 --> 00:06:41,533 "You can't be an Indian. There aren't any more. 120 00:06:41,533 --> 00:06:43,666 Oh, there may be a few in Arizona, 121 00:06:43,666 --> 00:06:46,200 but, no, there aren't any around here. 122 00:06:46,200 --> 00:06:47,600 So you must not be one. 123 00:06:47,600 --> 00:06:50,666 And they were all dead and vanished anyway." 124 00:06:50,666 --> 00:06:52,000 From a real young age, 125 00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:53,866 I was dealing with other people's ignorance 126 00:06:53,866 --> 00:06:55,866 about things I really cared about, 127 00:06:55,866 --> 00:06:58,233 people I loved who just didn't know the facts 128 00:06:58,233 --> 00:07:02,833 about Indigenous people or natural musicians. 129 00:07:02,833 --> 00:07:05,533 I knew things intimately from daily experience 130 00:07:05,533 --> 00:07:07,933 that never even crossed their minds. 131 00:07:07,933 --> 00:07:10,566 Things like that probably should have ruined me, 132 00:07:10,566 --> 00:07:14,966 but they did not, because I knew so definitely 133 00:07:14,966 --> 00:07:18,266 that the world sometimes is either wrong 134 00:07:18,266 --> 00:07:19,966 or they're not there yet. 135 00:07:19,966 --> 00:07:23,566 ♪♪ 136 00:07:23,566 --> 00:07:25,266 [ Up-tempo music plays ] 137 00:07:25,266 --> 00:07:26,566 -Tonight from Toronto, 138 00:07:26,566 --> 00:07:29,266 the music of the inimitable Buffy Sainte-Marie. 139 00:07:29,266 --> 00:07:31,800 [ Applause ] 140 00:07:31,800 --> 00:07:33,666 -Buffy Sainte-Marie joins me. 141 00:07:33,666 --> 00:07:35,133 I read a quote that you said 142 00:07:35,133 --> 00:07:38,600 the town you were brought up in Maine was Javex City, USA, 143 00:07:38,600 --> 00:07:40,400 and then they tried to turn you white. 144 00:07:40,400 --> 00:07:41,900 [ Laughter ] 145 00:07:41,900 --> 00:07:44,300 Is that a misquotation? 146 00:07:44,300 --> 00:07:46,833 -No, I said. [ Laughs ] 147 00:07:46,833 --> 00:07:48,466 [ Marching band playing ] 148 00:07:48,466 --> 00:07:50,966 I grew up in Maine and Massachusetts, you know, 149 00:07:50,966 --> 00:07:53,033 in places where there weren't any Indians. 150 00:07:53,033 --> 00:07:54,500 They didn't believe in Indians. 151 00:07:54,500 --> 00:07:56,933 They thought we were either all dead and stuffed in museums 152 00:07:56,933 --> 00:07:58,700 or never had existed in the first place 153 00:07:58,700 --> 00:08:03,666 because they had wiped out their Indians in the 1600s. 154 00:08:03,666 --> 00:08:05,866 And then I go back to school and they try to tell me 155 00:08:05,866 --> 00:08:07,600 Columbus discovered America, right? 156 00:08:07,600 --> 00:08:09,733 -Yeah. -And I knew darn well, right, 157 00:08:09,733 --> 00:08:11,033 what had happened, yeah? 158 00:08:11,033 --> 00:08:13,000 [ Laughter ] 159 00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:15,600 We know -- We know how it really happened. 160 00:08:15,600 --> 00:08:18,133 You know, like in 1492 on October 12th, 161 00:08:18,133 --> 00:08:20,833 you know, that's when the Native North American people 162 00:08:20,833 --> 00:08:22,666 discovered Columbus. 163 00:08:22,666 --> 00:08:24,033 He was lost. 164 00:08:24,033 --> 00:08:26,000 He thought he was in India, poor thing. 165 00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:28,866 [ Laughter ] 166 00:08:28,866 --> 00:08:30,966 [ Applause ] 167 00:08:35,466 --> 00:08:37,966 I'm an adopted child, and I was born in Canada 168 00:08:37,966 --> 00:08:42,633 and grew up in Massachusetts and Maine. 169 00:08:42,633 --> 00:08:47,966 And I didn't play with the other kids in games. 170 00:08:47,966 --> 00:08:50,800 I really felt like an observer. 171 00:08:50,800 --> 00:08:54,333 There was only one Indigenous person besides me in the town. 172 00:08:54,333 --> 00:08:57,900 He was the mailman, [chuckles] and he also had a trading post 173 00:08:57,900 --> 00:09:01,766 and he used to do beautiful beadwork for the movies. 174 00:09:01,766 --> 00:09:04,400 I'd ride my bike about four miles around the lake 175 00:09:04,400 --> 00:09:05,833 and go and visit with them. 176 00:09:05,833 --> 00:09:10,066 And, you know, he was about the only one I could talk to. 177 00:09:10,066 --> 00:09:13,200 My mom -- she didn't know that it bothered me 178 00:09:13,200 --> 00:09:15,800 that I didn't know what kind of Indian, 179 00:09:15,800 --> 00:09:18,300 or if I couldn't be one, what was I? 180 00:09:18,300 --> 00:09:20,666 So she -- what she said to me was, 181 00:09:20,666 --> 00:09:23,000 "When you grow up, you can find out for yourself. 182 00:09:23,000 --> 00:09:26,033 And that's pretty darn good." 183 00:09:26,033 --> 00:09:27,400 So I did. 184 00:09:27,400 --> 00:09:30,666 [ "Better to Find Out for Yourself" plays ] 185 00:09:30,666 --> 00:09:32,433 ♪ Take it from me that a man can be ♪ 186 00:09:32,433 --> 00:09:34,433 ♪ More trouble than you'll ever know ♪ 187 00:09:34,433 --> 00:09:35,766 ♪ He'll love you some ♪ 188 00:09:35,766 --> 00:09:37,266 At the beginning, I never thought I would have a career. 189 00:09:37,266 --> 00:09:38,633 I didn't think I was a singer or anything. 190 00:09:38,633 --> 00:09:40,866 I was a very good singer, but I knew I was a writer. 191 00:09:40,866 --> 00:09:43,133 I knew I was a songwriter. 192 00:09:43,133 --> 00:09:45,500 So I went to Greenwich Village to try my luck 193 00:09:45,500 --> 00:09:49,766 at singing in the coffeehouses of the time. 194 00:09:49,766 --> 00:09:55,533 ♪ Better to find out for yourself ♪ 195 00:09:55,533 --> 00:09:57,966 ♪ Handsome stride and shoulders wide ♪ 196 00:09:57,966 --> 00:09:59,733 When I arrived, it was kind of just 197 00:09:59,733 --> 00:10:01,400 at the end of the beatniks. 198 00:10:01,400 --> 00:10:03,766 Nobody had heard of a hippie yet. 199 00:10:03,766 --> 00:10:05,466 ♪ With his head hung low and his shoulders down ♪ 200 00:10:05,466 --> 00:10:09,033 There were many artists called folk singers 201 00:10:09,033 --> 00:10:09,866 who were doing different things -- 202 00:10:09,866 --> 00:10:12,966 Odetta, Pete Seeger, 203 00:10:12,966 --> 00:10:15,433 Bob Dylan was still playing in the Village. 204 00:10:15,433 --> 00:10:18,566 And it was all mixed up, and it was so exciting. 205 00:10:18,566 --> 00:10:20,800 [ Horns honking ] 206 00:10:22,266 --> 00:10:24,866 -The first time I went there, I was stunned 207 00:10:24,866 --> 00:10:28,700 because, you know, New York, you always see 208 00:10:28,700 --> 00:10:32,833 people in luxurious penthouses, in the movies, you know. 209 00:10:32,833 --> 00:10:36,266 When I got to New York, it was garbage in the streets 210 00:10:36,266 --> 00:10:37,966 and it was so funky. 211 00:10:37,966 --> 00:10:40,566 I was really amazed, you know? 212 00:10:40,566 --> 00:10:41,800 -Oh, there was a lot of people. 213 00:10:41,800 --> 00:10:44,100 Oh, it was happening. New York was happening. 214 00:10:44,100 --> 00:10:48,466 The Village was -- it was -- it was smokin'. 215 00:10:48,466 --> 00:10:54,066 And Buffy -- things started moving for her. 216 00:10:54,066 --> 00:10:55,666 -I think the first place I probably went to 217 00:10:55,666 --> 00:10:58,100 was Gerde's Folk City. 218 00:10:58,100 --> 00:10:59,600 I met Bob Dylan there. 219 00:10:59,600 --> 00:11:02,600 He heard me play. He liked it. 220 00:11:02,600 --> 00:11:04,700 ♪ Little wheel spin and spin ♪ 221 00:11:04,700 --> 00:11:07,533 ♪ Big wheel turn around and around ♪ 222 00:11:07,533 --> 00:11:12,433 He said, "You know, go and see Sam at the Gaslight Cafe." 223 00:11:12,433 --> 00:11:15,366 So I went over and very, very quickly -- 224 00:11:15,366 --> 00:11:17,466 like, probably within a week or two -- 225 00:11:17,466 --> 00:11:19,900 the journalist from "The New York Times," 226 00:11:19,900 --> 00:11:23,366 Robert Shelton, came down and he gave me a review, 227 00:11:23,366 --> 00:11:25,333 [laughing] a spectacular review. 228 00:11:25,333 --> 00:11:26,633 ♪ And the devil's in hell ♪ 229 00:11:26,633 --> 00:11:29,100 ♪ Hearts, they shrink, buckets swell ♪ 230 00:11:29,100 --> 00:11:31,133 And the people at the Gaslight Coffeehouse -- 231 00:11:31,133 --> 00:11:36,300 they blew it up into a huge  vertical billboard 232 00:11:36,300 --> 00:11:38,233 and put it outside the club. 233 00:11:38,233 --> 00:11:40,133 And the place was just full of people. 234 00:11:40,133 --> 00:11:42,400 ♪ Blame the angels, blame the fates ♪ 235 00:11:42,400 --> 00:11:44,733 ♪ Blame the Jews or your sister Kate ♪ 236 00:11:44,733 --> 00:11:46,766 -Oh, I was very impressed with her. 237 00:11:46,766 --> 00:11:51,300 I was always amazed that she could stand on one foot 238 00:11:51,300 --> 00:11:54,300 with her leg cocked up and sing 239 00:11:54,300 --> 00:11:56,566 and never bang her nose on the microphone. 240 00:11:56,566 --> 00:11:57,833 [ Laughs ] 241 00:11:57,833 --> 00:12:00,233 -♪ Big wheel turn around and around ♪ 242 00:12:00,233 --> 00:12:02,133 -Then "Time" magazine also called her 243 00:12:02,133 --> 00:12:03,866 "one of the most intriguing new talents 244 00:12:03,866 --> 00:12:06,400 to emerge in many a moon." 245 00:12:06,400 --> 00:12:10,266 It was just like a very kind of over-the-top quote, 246 00:12:10,266 --> 00:12:13,433 but the kind that gets you all the attention. 247 00:12:13,433 --> 00:12:17,433 And those positive reviews had record labels 248 00:12:17,433 --> 00:12:19,300 knocking on her door. 249 00:12:19,300 --> 00:12:22,000 ♪♪ 250 00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:24,100 [ Cheers and applause ] 251 00:12:25,633 --> 00:12:28,933 [ Slide projector clicks and whirs ] 252 00:12:28,933 --> 00:12:31,633 -Buffy, there are so many facets to your particular diamond. 253 00:12:31,633 --> 00:12:34,033 It's hard to know exactly where to start, 254 00:12:34,033 --> 00:12:37,433 but I think we'll confine ourselves to the musical topic. 255 00:12:37,433 --> 00:12:39,300 When did you begin to be aware 256 00:12:39,300 --> 00:12:42,500 that you were musically inclined? 257 00:12:42,500 --> 00:12:44,366 -Well, the first time I saw an instrument 258 00:12:44,366 --> 00:12:46,433 was when I was four, 259 00:12:46,433 --> 00:12:49,233 when my parents brought a piano to the house. 260 00:12:49,233 --> 00:12:50,733 They had somebody's old beat-up piano 261 00:12:50,733 --> 00:12:52,833 that was given to them. 262 00:12:52,833 --> 00:12:54,933 And I sat down and began to play with it, 263 00:12:54,933 --> 00:12:57,100 which is what I think children should do with music. 264 00:12:57,100 --> 00:12:59,066 I played with it as a toy. 265 00:12:59,066 --> 00:13:02,500 And within a couple of days, I was playing my own music. 266 00:13:02,500 --> 00:13:05,300 ♪♪ 267 00:13:05,300 --> 00:13:07,633 I was an isolated child. 268 00:13:07,633 --> 00:13:10,700 And so music, for me, was my playmate. 269 00:13:10,700 --> 00:13:12,500 It was my big playmate. 270 00:13:12,500 --> 00:13:15,066 [ Piano playing ] 271 00:13:15,066 --> 00:13:18,266 Anything I heard on the radio, I could play it on the piano. 272 00:13:18,266 --> 00:13:21,000 You know, you play Tchaikovsky or Mozart on a record, 273 00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:23,333 and I could sit down and, you know, 274 00:13:23,333 --> 00:13:25,666 come up with the chords and... [ Laughs ] 275 00:13:25,666 --> 00:13:29,433 [ Bells tolling ] 276 00:13:29,433 --> 00:13:33,233 I felt a real freedom in college. 277 00:13:33,233 --> 00:13:36,733 I got a single room in a dorm, 278 00:13:36,733 --> 00:13:40,866 and my housemother was British 279 00:13:40,866 --> 00:13:43,400 and she appreciated my music. 280 00:13:43,400 --> 00:13:46,200 And I used to sing to the girls in the dorm. 281 00:13:46,200 --> 00:13:52,233 And I discovered philosophy as a sophomore. 282 00:13:52,233 --> 00:13:57,133 And so that's how I wound up with a philosophy major, 283 00:13:57,133 --> 00:13:59,400 with a teaching minor. 284 00:13:59,400 --> 00:14:02,433 -The time that I was going to the University of Massachusetts 285 00:14:02,433 --> 00:14:06,433 was when I met a lovely sister, Buffy. 286 00:14:06,433 --> 00:14:08,666 -Taj saw me, he says, 287 00:14:08,666 --> 00:14:12,333 coming out of this listening library. 288 00:14:12,333 --> 00:14:15,033 We went and put on actual headphones. 289 00:14:15,033 --> 00:14:19,033 -She had a big coat and a book bag and a guitar, 290 00:14:19,033 --> 00:14:21,000 and so I helped her -- 291 00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:23,200 I helped her up the stairs with the book bag. 292 00:14:23,200 --> 00:14:26,066 -And he told me he was intimidated [laughs], 293 00:14:26,066 --> 00:14:27,666 which is really, really a laugh. 294 00:14:27,666 --> 00:14:29,700 He's huge, you know, and I'm... 295 00:14:29,700 --> 00:14:32,166 -But, and she said, "Have you got a guitar here?" 296 00:14:32,166 --> 00:14:35,000 -And I said, "Yeah." So I go get my guitar, 297 00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:39,000 and we sit down in this -- in this hallway, 298 00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:41,766 and one of us strums an "E" chord 299 00:14:41,766 --> 00:14:43,100 and one strums a "D" chord. 300 00:14:43,100 --> 00:14:46,233 And we're absolutely in tune 301 00:14:46,233 --> 00:14:47,600 in two different keys. 302 00:14:47,600 --> 00:14:49,066 That's serious. 303 00:14:49,066 --> 00:14:52,766 Okay, so I knew I had a friend. 304 00:14:52,766 --> 00:14:57,833 -♪ Can you remember the times ♪ 305 00:14:57,833 --> 00:15:01,666 ♪ That you have held your head high? ♪ 306 00:15:01,666 --> 00:15:04,766 -Buffy really was pretty -- she was representing 307 00:15:04,766 --> 00:15:08,633 and deeply committed to Indigenous people 308 00:15:08,633 --> 00:15:11,500 and Indigenous rights. 309 00:15:11,500 --> 00:15:16,200 -♪ Oh, it's all in the past, you can say ♪ 310 00:15:16,200 --> 00:15:20,700 ♪ But it's still going on here today ♪ 311 00:15:20,700 --> 00:15:23,800 -She was, like, pretty much the first person that I knew 312 00:15:23,800 --> 00:15:27,033 that was, like, speaking it out, 313 00:15:27,033 --> 00:15:29,533 and I still -- I can see it while I'm talking to you. 314 00:15:29,533 --> 00:15:32,400 I can see Buffy standing in the doorway, 315 00:15:32,400 --> 00:15:35,933 and the guitar was tilted up and she was throwing down. 316 00:15:35,933 --> 00:15:41,700 -♪ Now that the buffalo's gone ♪ 317 00:15:41,700 --> 00:15:43,866 -She was who she was. 318 00:15:43,866 --> 00:15:45,433 No two ways about it. 319 00:15:48,900 --> 00:15:54,566 -When I went to sign my record contract with Vanguard, 320 00:15:54,566 --> 00:15:56,933 you know, Blue Note was interested in me, too, 321 00:15:56,933 --> 00:15:58,833 and they were a jazz label. 322 00:15:58,833 --> 00:16:01,400 When I signed with Vanguard and the day I went up there, 323 00:16:01,400 --> 00:16:03,533 they said, "Okay, well, you know, where's your lawyer?" 324 00:16:03,533 --> 00:16:05,600 And I said, "I don't have one of those." 325 00:16:05,600 --> 00:16:09,400 And they said, "Oh, that's okay. You can use ours." 326 00:16:09,400 --> 00:16:11,400 [ Chuckles ] So I signed up for seven years. 327 00:16:11,400 --> 00:16:13,833 ♪ I'm cutting my own way ♪ 328 00:16:13,833 --> 00:16:16,166 ♪ Through my own day ♪ 329 00:16:16,166 --> 00:16:17,866 -Those first albums starting out, 330 00:16:17,866 --> 00:16:22,800 there was this, you know, really powerful female voice, 331 00:16:22,800 --> 00:16:25,900 you know, Indian voice, you know, having understood 332 00:16:25,900 --> 00:16:28,200 that the history was a lot deeper 333 00:16:28,200 --> 00:16:30,166 than anything had been presented to us 334 00:16:30,166 --> 00:16:32,966 and that folk music contained this, too. 335 00:16:32,966 --> 00:16:35,100 [ Applause ] 336 00:16:35,100 --> 00:16:37,766 -We'd like to present to you this very gifted young lady, 337 00:16:37,766 --> 00:16:39,400 Buffy Sainte-Marie. 338 00:16:39,400 --> 00:16:43,266 -Buffy Sainte-Marie. -Buffy Sainte-Marie. 339 00:16:43,266 --> 00:16:45,900 -Oh, Buffy's the hottest -- excuse the expression - 340 00:16:45,900 --> 00:16:48,000 the hottest singer right now. 341 00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:50,733 -She was on the cover of "Broadside" magazine. 342 00:16:50,733 --> 00:16:52,600 And you couldn't miss her. 343 00:16:52,600 --> 00:16:55,266 I mean, really, you weren't you very much alive 344 00:16:55,266 --> 00:16:56,866 if you miss her cover. 345 00:16:56,866 --> 00:16:59,500 ♪♪ 346 00:16:59,500 --> 00:17:01,133 [ Horns honking ] 347 00:17:01,133 --> 00:17:03,700 -Buffy's first album -- 348 00:17:03,700 --> 00:17:05,700 well, it just floored me 349 00:17:05,700 --> 00:17:09,033 because "It's My Way" that song itself, 350 00:17:09,033 --> 00:17:12,833 which was sort of, "take it or leave it, this is who I am, 351 00:17:12,833 --> 00:17:16,200 this is my way," you know, I was just really 352 00:17:16,200 --> 00:17:19,400 astounded by the intensity and the passion. 353 00:17:21,366 --> 00:17:27,066 And you realize that those young singer-songwriters -- 354 00:17:27,066 --> 00:17:30,033 they reflected the concerns we had. 355 00:17:30,033 --> 00:17:33,633 -♪ Freedom! Freedom! ♪ 356 00:17:33,633 --> 00:17:36,166 ♪ Freedom, freedom ♪ 357 00:17:36,166 --> 00:17:39,800 -All the music was the soundtrack of that whole time. 358 00:17:39,800 --> 00:17:43,333 It's like what was on our minds was being -- 359 00:17:43,333 --> 00:17:45,733 was coming back to us through music. 360 00:17:45,733 --> 00:17:51,066 And, you know, Buffy's stuff, like, cut right through it. 361 00:17:51,066 --> 00:17:54,400 -She was already a young woman 362 00:17:54,400 --> 00:17:56,900 with so much power 363 00:17:56,900 --> 00:18:01,133 and so much, um... 364 00:18:01,133 --> 00:18:03,033 history. 365 00:18:03,033 --> 00:18:07,000 Such a young person, how she understood life, 366 00:18:07,000 --> 00:18:11,200 how she understood what was happening in the world, 367 00:18:11,200 --> 00:18:16,333 not just for us, but for... 368 00:18:16,333 --> 00:18:20,200 war, for where we were at. 369 00:18:20,200 --> 00:18:25,700 ♪♪ 370 00:18:25,700 --> 00:18:27,900 -I had to spend the night in San Francisco Airport 371 00:18:27,900 --> 00:18:30,466 because I was trying to get to Toronto. 372 00:18:30,466 --> 00:18:33,100 And in the middle of the night, a group of medics came in 373 00:18:33,100 --> 00:18:35,933 and they were wheeling wounded soldiers. 374 00:18:35,933 --> 00:18:39,800 And I got to talking to one of the medics, 375 00:18:39,800 --> 00:18:42,033 and they explained to me that, yes, indeed, 376 00:18:42,033 --> 00:18:44,366 there's a horrible war going on in Vietnam, 377 00:18:44,366 --> 00:18:48,633 because we were being told that there was no war. 378 00:18:48,633 --> 00:18:50,000 And I just got to thinking, 379 00:18:50,000 --> 00:18:53,566 "Who is it who's responsible for war?" 380 00:18:53,566 --> 00:18:56,033 ♪ He's 5-foot-2 ♪ 381 00:18:56,033 --> 00:18:59,133 ♪ And he's 6-feet-4 ♪ 382 00:18:59,133 --> 00:19:01,700 Is it these poor, wounded soldiers who, you know, 383 00:19:01,700 --> 00:19:04,100 they're lying there and, in a way, 384 00:19:04,100 --> 00:19:06,166 there's some responsibility right there. 385 00:19:06,166 --> 00:19:11,333 ♪ He's only 31 and he's only 17 ♪ 386 00:19:11,333 --> 00:19:14,633 ♪ He's been a soldier for a thousand years ♪ 387 00:19:14,633 --> 00:19:15,733 Then I got to thinking, 388 00:19:15,733 --> 00:19:17,666 "But what about career military officers 389 00:19:17,666 --> 00:19:19,366 who spend their whole lives 390 00:19:19,366 --> 00:19:21,800 learning how to make war better?" 391 00:19:21,800 --> 00:19:26,300 ♪ He says it's for the peace of all ♪ 392 00:19:26,300 --> 00:19:28,800 So there's some responsibility there, I'm thinking. 393 00:19:28,800 --> 00:19:32,533 ♪ Must decide who's to live and who's to die ♪ 394 00:19:32,533 --> 00:19:36,366 ♪ And he never sees the writing on the wall ♪ 395 00:19:36,366 --> 00:19:38,866 But who is it who actually makes the phone call 396 00:19:38,866 --> 00:19:40,766 to actually start a war? 397 00:19:40,766 --> 00:19:43,266 And now I thought I had it. Oh, let's blame the politicians. 398 00:19:43,266 --> 00:19:47,633 ♪ But without him, how would Hitler have condemned him ♪ 399 00:19:47,633 --> 00:19:49,366 ♪ At Dachau? ♪ 400 00:19:53,700 --> 00:19:56,100 But in this world that we're living in, in North America, 401 00:19:56,100 --> 00:19:58,000 who is it who elects the politicians? 402 00:19:58,000 --> 00:20:00,233 It's us. It's you and me. 403 00:20:00,233 --> 00:20:03,533 It's about individual responsibility for the world 404 00:20:03,533 --> 00:20:06,166 we're living in. 405 00:20:06,166 --> 00:20:09,200 He's universal soldier. ♪ The universal soldier ♪ 406 00:20:09,200 --> 00:20:11,866 And he really is to blame. ♪ And he really is to blame ♪ 407 00:20:11,866 --> 00:20:14,633 But his orders come from far away no more. 408 00:20:14,633 --> 00:20:16,233 ♪ No more ♪ 409 00:20:24,600 --> 00:20:28,733 ♪ This is not the way we put an end to war ♪ 410 00:20:32,733 --> 00:20:34,366 I got into Toronto. 411 00:20:34,366 --> 00:20:37,433 I finished the song up at the Purple Onion, 412 00:20:37,433 --> 00:20:40,100 and I performed "Universal Soldier" 413 00:20:40,100 --> 00:20:41,366 that same night, 414 00:20:41,366 --> 00:20:46,666 and that song had -- it just had an immediate effect. 415 00:20:46,666 --> 00:20:51,333 -♪ He's 5-foot-2 and he's 6-feet-6 ♪ 416 00:20:51,333 --> 00:20:54,133 -And people started -- other artists started singing it, too. 417 00:20:54,133 --> 00:20:57,700 You know, it became pretty well-known quite fast. 418 00:20:57,700 --> 00:21:00,833 -♪ He's only 31 and he's only 17 ♪ 419 00:21:00,833 --> 00:21:02,500 -Do you get great pleasure in hearing 420 00:21:02,500 --> 00:21:03,933 other people perform your songs? 421 00:21:03,933 --> 00:21:07,133 Because they are such a personal part of you, aren't they? 422 00:21:07,133 --> 00:21:10,266 -Well, yeah, I do. I mean, I'm flattered, you know? 423 00:21:10,266 --> 00:21:13,366 And the way I feel about songs is that once I've sung them, 424 00:21:13,366 --> 00:21:15,166 then it doesn't do 425 00:21:15,166 --> 00:21:17,066 to keep your hands on it and try to hold it back. 426 00:21:17,066 --> 00:21:18,866 You have to let people have it 427 00:21:18,866 --> 00:21:21,133 and do what they want with the song. 428 00:21:21,133 --> 00:21:24,866 -In the beginning, that was my favorite of her songs. 429 00:21:24,866 --> 00:21:27,400 Then later I played in Fort Bragg, you know, 430 00:21:27,400 --> 00:21:30,666 for the soldiers coming back from the war. 431 00:21:30,666 --> 00:21:36,433 And then I ended up with a different opinion, you know. 432 00:21:36,433 --> 00:21:39,033 "He's the universal soldier. He really is to blame." 433 00:21:39,033 --> 00:21:40,733 I thought, you know, 434 00:21:40,733 --> 00:21:43,933 it's a shame these guys are coming back from the war 435 00:21:43,933 --> 00:21:48,300 to encounter such hostility. 436 00:21:48,300 --> 00:21:52,966 I began to kind of disagree with the premise of the song. 437 00:21:54,766 --> 00:21:56,466 -"Universal Soldier" was always 438 00:21:56,466 --> 00:22:00,166 about our collective responsibility for war. 439 00:22:00,166 --> 00:22:04,333 It's not just the military. It's all of us. 440 00:22:04,333 --> 00:22:06,700 -When I hooked up with Bob Dylan, he said, 441 00:22:06,700 --> 00:22:10,200 "Oh, man, you gotta hear Buffy Sainte-Marie." 442 00:22:10,200 --> 00:22:13,800 And he went over to the record collection there, 443 00:22:13,800 --> 00:22:16,133 and he pulled out an album 444 00:22:16,133 --> 00:22:19,966 and it had "Universal Soldier" and "Cod'ine" on it. 445 00:22:19,966 --> 00:22:24,433 And "Cod'ine," I thought, "Whoa," you know, "Codeine?" 446 00:22:24,433 --> 00:22:26,533 You know, and in Canada, 447 00:22:26,533 --> 00:22:30,166 codeine was available in drugstores. 448 00:22:30,166 --> 00:22:33,900 I mean, you could just buy it like people buy aspirins, 449 00:22:33,900 --> 00:22:38,100 the 220s, and, uh... 450 00:22:38,100 --> 00:22:41,933 and I guess, you know, there was this certain naivete 451 00:22:41,933 --> 00:22:43,500 that they didn't realize 452 00:22:43,500 --> 00:22:47,466 it could be dangerous and very addictive. 453 00:23:03,066 --> 00:23:04,866 -I found out the hard way 454 00:23:04,866 --> 00:23:09,133 very young about opioids and doctors, you know. 455 00:23:09,133 --> 00:23:11,866 I mean, I was in my early 20s and a doctor, 456 00:23:11,866 --> 00:23:15,233 you know, overprescribed me opiates. 457 00:23:15,233 --> 00:23:17,300 ♪ But I'll real and I'll fall ♪ 458 00:23:17,300 --> 00:23:18,800 I had a bronchial infection, 459 00:23:18,800 --> 00:23:21,666 and a doctor in Florida gave me shots and pills 460 00:23:21,666 --> 00:23:26,400 that I thought were vitamin B12 and antibiotics. 461 00:23:26,400 --> 00:23:28,400 Well, a few weeks later, I was driving through Atlanta 462 00:23:28,400 --> 00:23:30,066 with some friends, 463 00:23:30,066 --> 00:23:33,200 and I was feeling worse than ever. 464 00:23:33,200 --> 00:23:35,600 I stopped at a drugstore to get a refill. 465 00:23:35,600 --> 00:23:37,233 The pharmacist looked at the prescription, 466 00:23:37,233 --> 00:23:38,900 and he told me he didn't think my problem 467 00:23:38,900 --> 00:23:40,833 was bronchitis at all. 468 00:23:40,833 --> 00:23:42,500 He said I was strung out 469 00:23:42,500 --> 00:23:45,700 and going through opiate withdrawal, 470 00:23:45,700 --> 00:23:49,033 and it was gonna get a whole lot worse. 471 00:23:49,033 --> 00:23:51,733 And, of course, he wouldn't refill the codeine prescription. 472 00:23:51,733 --> 00:23:54,133 I was stoned. 473 00:23:54,133 --> 00:23:56,466 This Florida doctor had prescribed me 474 00:23:56,466 --> 00:23:59,866 huge amounts of codeine, which is like opium, 475 00:23:59,866 --> 00:24:02,266 morphine, heroin, 476 00:24:02,266 --> 00:24:05,800 and I went through withdrawal. 477 00:24:05,800 --> 00:24:07,566 It's unimaginable how. 478 00:24:07,566 --> 00:24:12,566 ♪ But I'll real and I'll fall ♪ 479 00:24:12,566 --> 00:24:15,400 ♪ And I'll die on cod'ine ♪ 480 00:24:15,400 --> 00:24:18,366 But see, I learned a lesson. 481 00:24:18,366 --> 00:24:21,633 Some things are bigger than me. 482 00:24:21,633 --> 00:24:24,066 And I'm afraid of things that are bigger than me. 483 00:24:24,066 --> 00:24:28,100 ♪♪ 484 00:24:28,100 --> 00:24:31,233 -The song was written in 1964, 485 00:24:31,233 --> 00:24:36,333 and we've been in a, you know, opioid crisis 486 00:24:36,333 --> 00:24:39,133 for the last ten years, if not longer. 487 00:24:39,133 --> 00:24:40,733 So I think it really shows 488 00:24:40,733 --> 00:24:44,033 just how much Buffy was ahead of her time. 489 00:24:44,033 --> 00:24:46,700 -I've always really connected with her song "Cod'ine," 490 00:24:46,700 --> 00:24:49,666 being displaced from my own community. 491 00:24:49,666 --> 00:24:53,500 Drugs and alcohol and addiction and mental health is something 492 00:24:53,500 --> 00:24:56,700 that I struggled with for a long, long time, you know? 493 00:24:56,700 --> 00:24:58,366 And it's a fight that I'm still fighting today 494 00:24:58,366 --> 00:25:00,000 and I fight every day. 495 00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:04,066 You know, and having that song "Cod'ine" is almost like, 496 00:25:04,066 --> 00:25:05,933 you know, it's this moment where Buffy's speaking 497 00:25:05,933 --> 00:25:07,533 about these issues directly. 498 00:25:07,533 --> 00:25:09,566 So it's like, that just meant a lot to me 499 00:25:09,566 --> 00:25:12,633 to kind of relate to her on that level. 500 00:25:12,633 --> 00:25:15,066 [ "Born to be Wild" plays ] 501 00:25:15,066 --> 00:25:19,766 ♪♪ 502 00:25:19,766 --> 00:25:23,000 -♪ Get your motor running ♪ 503 00:25:23,000 --> 00:25:25,966 ♪ Head out on the highway ♪ 504 00:25:25,966 --> 00:25:28,733 -I really did see a seismic shift 505 00:25:28,733 --> 00:25:32,333 in the '60s in the music business. 506 00:25:32,333 --> 00:25:34,300 All of a sudden there's big money there, right? 507 00:25:34,300 --> 00:25:36,866 -[ Screams ] -♪ Gonna make it happen ♪ 508 00:25:36,866 --> 00:25:37,866 ♪ Take the world in... ♪ 509 00:25:37,866 --> 00:25:40,366 -Show business changed. 510 00:25:40,366 --> 00:25:44,166 The drug went from coffee and a little pot 511 00:25:44,166 --> 00:25:48,500 to alcohol and a little cocaine, 512 00:25:48,500 --> 00:25:51,066 and a lot of coffeehouses went out of business. 513 00:25:51,066 --> 00:25:53,900 They couldn't compete. 514 00:25:53,900 --> 00:25:58,300 It just went from a time of innocence to a time of, 515 00:25:58,300 --> 00:26:00,433 "Goose it. Here's where the money is." 516 00:26:00,433 --> 00:26:02,700 -♪ Fire all of the guns at once ♪ 517 00:26:02,700 --> 00:26:04,933 ♪ And explode into space ♪ 518 00:26:04,933 --> 00:26:07,233 -These managers and record companies realized 519 00:26:07,233 --> 00:26:09,566 that they could make a lot of money. 520 00:26:09,566 --> 00:26:13,366 So they created a model that maximized profit. 521 00:26:13,366 --> 00:26:15,733 But it was all at the expense of artistic expression. 522 00:26:15,733 --> 00:26:18,466 -♪ I never wanna die ♪ 523 00:26:18,466 --> 00:26:19,966 [ Cheers and applause ] 524 00:26:21,300 --> 00:26:24,200 -From when Buffy's first record came out, 525 00:26:24,200 --> 00:26:26,933 I mean, Elvis had only been on the radio 526 00:26:26,933 --> 00:26:28,266 for, what, eight years? 527 00:26:28,266 --> 00:26:30,800 Like rock 'n' roll was, by the industry standards, 528 00:26:30,800 --> 00:26:32,466 brand new. 529 00:26:32,466 --> 00:26:33,833 It was brand-new. 530 00:26:33,833 --> 00:26:36,300 So they could have built it right. 531 00:26:36,300 --> 00:26:40,100 They just chose money and chart position. 532 00:26:40,100 --> 00:26:42,133 Fine. You're allowed to do that. 533 00:26:42,133 --> 00:26:44,466 But let's not pretend that's not what you did. 534 00:26:44,466 --> 00:26:46,566 -Go! Roll sound! Quiet! 535 00:26:46,566 --> 00:26:50,266 -Let's go. Somebody count it. 536 00:26:50,266 --> 00:26:52,333 -In those days, you didn't have any power. 537 00:26:52,333 --> 00:26:56,466 The record company had all the power. 538 00:26:56,466 --> 00:27:00,333 -Okay, let's -- let's make one more, please. 539 00:27:00,333 --> 00:27:05,366 -I would go in to record and, you know, 540 00:27:05,366 --> 00:27:07,600 there'd be a bunch of guys I had never met, 541 00:27:07,600 --> 00:27:09,566 you know, adult businessmen 542 00:27:09,566 --> 00:27:12,533 and, you know, an engineer 543 00:27:12,533 --> 00:27:16,333 and nobody I knew. 544 00:27:16,333 --> 00:27:19,333 And I'd start singing. And then I left. 545 00:27:19,333 --> 00:27:21,366 And then the album came out. 546 00:27:21,366 --> 00:27:24,966 So I had nothing to do with choosing which take 547 00:27:24,966 --> 00:27:27,233 or pointing out what was right or wrong. 548 00:27:27,233 --> 00:27:30,133 I just didn't have control over my own music, 549 00:27:30,133 --> 00:27:33,066 and I wish that I had had. 550 00:27:33,066 --> 00:27:36,333 -How was that? Was that cool? -Yeah. Right. 551 00:27:36,333 --> 00:27:39,500 -After seeing the pressure Vanguard put on me, 552 00:27:39,500 --> 00:27:42,400 Joni decided against signing with them. 553 00:27:42,400 --> 00:27:47,133 -Yeah, they wanted me to deliver 554 00:27:47,133 --> 00:27:50,400 a ridiculous number of albums per year, you know, 555 00:27:50,400 --> 00:27:52,433 and writing your own music -- 556 00:27:52,433 --> 00:27:55,900 like the workload was, it was impossible. 557 00:27:55,900 --> 00:27:58,466 I turned them down. 558 00:27:58,466 --> 00:28:02,766 -I have no interest in politics, nor office, no nothing. 559 00:28:02,766 --> 00:28:06,066 I wanted to play music and I wanted to get it out to people. 560 00:28:06,066 --> 00:28:10,600 Of course, the industry tried to, you know, cash in on it, 561 00:28:10,600 --> 00:28:12,766 but, you know, really, that's their job. 562 00:28:12,766 --> 00:28:16,866 And our problem is that they give us the playbook, 563 00:28:16,866 --> 00:28:20,100 and we're reading the playbook and then they're playing dirty. 564 00:28:20,100 --> 00:28:22,300 [ Chuckles ] 565 00:28:22,300 --> 00:28:27,233 ♪♪ 566 00:28:27,233 --> 00:28:28,633 -When I arrived in Greenwich Village, 567 00:28:28,633 --> 00:28:30,766 I had never met a businessman. 568 00:28:30,766 --> 00:28:33,066 I had never met a lawyer. 569 00:28:33,066 --> 00:28:36,600 I didn't drink, and an awful lot of stars 570 00:28:36,600 --> 00:28:39,200 started going down to drugs and alcohol. 571 00:28:39,200 --> 00:28:43,566 -♪ You know I smoked a lot of grass ♪ 572 00:28:43,566 --> 00:28:49,233 ♪ Oh, Lord, I popped a lot of pills ♪ 573 00:28:49,233 --> 00:28:51,700 -The big managers and lawyers, they were all into it. 574 00:28:51,700 --> 00:28:53,266 [ Laughing ] They were into it. 575 00:28:53,266 --> 00:28:56,000 -♪ But I've never touched nothing ♪ 576 00:28:56,000 --> 00:28:58,366 -But when you don't drink in show business, 577 00:28:58,366 --> 00:29:01,566 that means that after the show you don't go out to the bars, 578 00:29:01,566 --> 00:29:04,433 which is a very bad move in show business 579 00:29:04,433 --> 00:29:06,033 because that's where you make deals. 580 00:29:06,033 --> 00:29:07,166 And I wasn't there. 581 00:29:07,166 --> 00:29:10,000 -♪ Stones in their eyes ♪ 582 00:29:10,000 --> 00:29:15,533 -So I really wasn't very good [laughs] at faking it socially. 583 00:29:15,533 --> 00:29:17,566 I didn't -- I just didn't know how. 584 00:29:17,566 --> 00:29:19,800 So I made some mistakes. 585 00:29:19,800 --> 00:29:22,633 Because I was so green, people took advantage. 586 00:29:22,633 --> 00:29:25,666 I wanted the message of "Universal Soldier" to spread. 587 00:29:25,666 --> 00:29:29,633 The Highwaymen were a vocal group coming off a huge hit, 588 00:29:29,633 --> 00:29:31,433 "Michael (Row the Boat Ashore)." 589 00:29:31,433 --> 00:29:33,000 One night they came to the Gaslight. 590 00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:34,833 They heard me sing "Universal Soldier" 591 00:29:34,833 --> 00:29:37,133 and told me they wanted to record it immediately. 592 00:29:37,133 --> 00:29:38,966 And they asked me, who was the publisher? 593 00:29:38,966 --> 00:29:42,233 My manager, Herb Garr, knew this guy at the next table, 594 00:29:42,233 --> 00:29:44,900 Elmer Jared Gordon, who said he was a publisher. 595 00:29:44,900 --> 00:29:49,533 And so I signed away the publishing rights to him for $1. 596 00:29:49,533 --> 00:29:53,366 And then later people started crediting the song to Donovan. 597 00:29:53,366 --> 00:29:56,333 I made a lot of that kind of career mistake, 598 00:29:56,333 --> 00:29:59,966 and I was kind of a social boob in that way. 599 00:29:59,966 --> 00:30:03,133 But the rights to "Universal Soldier" -- 600 00:30:03,133 --> 00:30:06,700 it took me ten years, but I bought it back. 601 00:30:06,700 --> 00:30:09,766 I bought part of the publishing back for $25,000 602 00:30:09,766 --> 00:30:12,866 it cost me to buy back part of my own song. 603 00:30:12,866 --> 00:30:16,233 ♪♪ 604 00:30:16,233 --> 00:30:18,600 But I never did it again. I learned my lesson. 605 00:30:18,600 --> 00:30:20,333 I learned not to do that. 606 00:30:20,333 --> 00:30:28,100 ♪♪ 607 00:30:28,100 --> 00:30:30,033 -I think the people who think Buffy made 608 00:30:30,033 --> 00:30:31,466 terrible career moves are looking at it 609 00:30:31,466 --> 00:30:34,400 from an industry perspective, 610 00:30:34,400 --> 00:30:39,733 and that their only way of assigning the successful tag 611 00:30:39,733 --> 00:30:41,933 is if you do it this way. 612 00:30:41,933 --> 00:30:45,266 Did she make the right career moves 613 00:30:45,266 --> 00:30:48,833 to play that capitalist game? 614 00:30:48,833 --> 00:30:52,066 No, but I bet she knew that. 615 00:30:52,066 --> 00:30:55,466 I bet those people who say that about her now -- 616 00:30:55,466 --> 00:30:56,566 "Oh, she should have done this" -- 617 00:30:56,566 --> 00:30:58,600 well, where were you? 618 00:30:58,600 --> 00:31:00,366 Well, where were you? 619 00:31:00,366 --> 00:31:02,633 ♪♪ 620 00:31:04,433 --> 00:31:06,500 [ Animals calling ] 621 00:31:16,833 --> 00:31:18,433 -Wow. 622 00:31:21,066 --> 00:31:24,800 We got a lot of letters here. 623 00:31:27,866 --> 00:31:29,266 [ Laughs ] 624 00:31:29,266 --> 00:31:30,700 Oh, man, they were -- 625 00:31:30,700 --> 00:31:35,700 people were scolding Smithsonian for not knowing 626 00:31:35,700 --> 00:31:40,966 that "Universal Soldier" was actually a song. 627 00:31:43,500 --> 00:31:46,533 A couple years ago, the "Smithsonian" -- 628 00:31:46,533 --> 00:31:51,433 they had done a story on Vietnam veterans, 629 00:31:51,433 --> 00:31:53,866 like, the carvings on their bunks. 630 00:31:53,866 --> 00:31:57,900 And someone had written a quote from "Universal Soldier," 631 00:31:57,900 --> 00:32:01,166 and the "Smithsonian" didn't realize I had written it. 632 00:32:01,166 --> 00:32:04,233 [ Laughing ] And so it came out in "Smithsonian" magazine 633 00:32:04,233 --> 00:32:08,800 that it was written by an unknown soldier writer. 634 00:32:08,800 --> 00:32:12,933 And they said that they had been flooded with more letters 635 00:32:12,933 --> 00:32:16,700 that they ever had in the history of their magazine -- 636 00:32:16,700 --> 00:32:20,466 letters letting them know it was not an unknown person 637 00:32:20,466 --> 00:32:23,100 who had written those lines. 638 00:32:23,100 --> 00:32:26,433 Most of them said it was me. 639 00:32:26,433 --> 00:32:28,033 It was Buffy who wrote those lines. 640 00:32:28,033 --> 00:32:29,833 But a lot of them said it was Donovan. 641 00:32:29,833 --> 00:32:32,233 [ Laughs ] 642 00:32:32,233 --> 00:32:34,500 Let's see. "Dear Editor, 643 00:32:34,500 --> 00:32:39,566 the free-verse poetry attributed to Robert Simpson in 1967 644 00:32:39,566 --> 00:32:42,000 was actually taken from none other 645 00:32:42,000 --> 00:32:45,533 than the 1960s-era folk singer Donovan." 646 00:32:45,533 --> 00:32:47,933 Boo! [ Laughs ] Wrong. 647 00:32:47,933 --> 00:32:49,600 Um... 648 00:32:49,600 --> 00:32:51,600 Oh, here's somebody who knew I wrote it. 649 00:32:51,600 --> 00:32:52,800 Yes! 650 00:32:52,800 --> 00:32:55,033 "Was actually written by Cree folk singer 651 00:32:55,033 --> 00:32:58,133 Buffy Sainte-Marie as part of her war protest song, 652 00:32:58,133 --> 00:32:59,600 'The Universal Soldier.'" 653 00:32:59,600 --> 00:33:02,533 Yes. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. 654 00:33:02,533 --> 00:33:04,500 Thank you, Roger Jacobs. 655 00:33:04,500 --> 00:33:06,133 [ Laughs ] 656 00:33:08,466 --> 00:33:10,400 [ Motor running ] 657 00:33:13,833 --> 00:33:15,600 -Are you aware there's a very strong 658 00:33:15,600 --> 00:33:17,200 "back to the land" movement 659 00:33:17,200 --> 00:33:18,766 that a great many people are interested 660 00:33:18,766 --> 00:33:21,066 in the decentralization? -Mm-hmm. 661 00:33:21,066 --> 00:33:24,533 -In contrast to the increasing problems of urban life, 662 00:33:24,533 --> 00:33:26,266 here are you, a country girl, really. 663 00:33:26,266 --> 00:33:29,200 -[ Laughs ] Why, yes, I am really at height. 664 00:33:29,200 --> 00:33:31,733 You see, I'm very close to this way of life 665 00:33:31,733 --> 00:33:34,133 that's different from the city way of life. 666 00:33:34,133 --> 00:33:35,566 I find I get very rattled 667 00:33:35,566 --> 00:33:39,300 and I don't produce anything in my own mind. 668 00:33:42,200 --> 00:33:46,600 Even now, being on the road with a band is hard. 669 00:33:46,600 --> 00:33:49,466 But when I first started, I was always by myself, 670 00:33:49,466 --> 00:33:51,766 traveling in Europe and Australia and Asia 671 00:33:51,766 --> 00:33:56,400 with all these suitcases and guitars and no helpers. 672 00:33:56,400 --> 00:33:57,733 Ah! 673 00:33:57,733 --> 00:34:00,266 You know, I was in show business all of a sudden and then, 674 00:34:00,266 --> 00:34:01,733 "Oh, how do I get out?" 675 00:34:01,733 --> 00:34:03,333 Everybody else trying to, "How do I get into show business?" 676 00:34:03,333 --> 00:34:04,633 I was trying to get out. 677 00:34:04,633 --> 00:34:06,800 And so I had a concert in Honolulu, 678 00:34:06,800 --> 00:34:08,833 the only one I ever did [chuckles], 679 00:34:08,833 --> 00:34:13,166 and I asked the travel agent, I said, "I want to go early." 680 00:34:13,166 --> 00:34:16,233 I wanted to get out of L.A. "Where should I go?" 681 00:34:16,233 --> 00:34:20,466 And she sent me to this island that nobody cared about. 682 00:34:20,466 --> 00:34:22,633 And I bought my place four days later. 683 00:34:25,266 --> 00:34:28,000 -Everywhere went, like, "What?!" 684 00:34:28,000 --> 00:34:31,133 I mean, I-I always hold my judgment. 685 00:34:31,133 --> 00:34:33,900 What do I know? What do I know? 686 00:34:33,900 --> 00:34:37,066 And we were so wrong. 687 00:34:37,066 --> 00:34:39,633 Hey, she knew what time it was. 688 00:34:39,633 --> 00:34:43,133 -♪ I live on a farm in the middle of nowhere ♪ 689 00:34:43,133 --> 00:34:46,300 ♪ In the country, you could say ♪ 690 00:34:46,300 --> 00:34:49,233 ♪ The one I love, he loves me ♪ 691 00:34:49,233 --> 00:34:52,266 ♪ He love, he love, he loves me ♪ 692 00:34:52,266 --> 00:34:58,133 ♪ Ooh, it's a beautiful day where I come from ♪ 693 00:34:58,133 --> 00:34:59,933 Everybody said, "That's the worst career move 694 00:34:59,933 --> 00:35:01,300 you could make." 695 00:35:01,300 --> 00:35:02,600 You know, that's okay. 696 00:35:02,600 --> 00:35:05,466 ♪ Top of the world, nowhere town ♪ 697 00:35:05,466 --> 00:35:07,933 ♪ I fell in love and then I settled down ♪ 698 00:35:07,933 --> 00:35:12,100 I was never strategic about building a career. 699 00:35:12,100 --> 00:35:16,466 So I'm kind of pulled back from 700 00:35:16,466 --> 00:35:19,533 what everybody else was doing. 701 00:35:19,533 --> 00:35:22,533 ♪ I'm in the middle of nowhere ♪ 702 00:35:22,533 --> 00:35:24,433 ♪ It's where I come from ♪ 703 00:35:24,433 --> 00:35:31,500 ♪♪ 704 00:35:34,200 --> 00:35:36,566 [ Strumming guitar ] 705 00:35:36,566 --> 00:35:48,033 ♪♪ 706 00:35:48,033 --> 00:35:50,700 "Until It's Time for You to Go" is, um... 707 00:35:53,066 --> 00:35:55,466 I don't know. It just popped into my head. 708 00:35:55,466 --> 00:35:58,500 You know, I had a crush on somebody, for sure. 709 00:36:06,333 --> 00:36:08,533 ♪ And I'm not a queen ♪ 710 00:36:08,533 --> 00:36:10,000 ♪ I'm a woman ♪ 711 00:36:10,000 --> 00:36:12,933 ♪ Take my hand ♪ 712 00:36:12,933 --> 00:36:19,000 ♪ We'll make a space in the lives that we planned ♪ 713 00:36:19,000 --> 00:36:20,866 ♪ And here we'll stay ♪ 714 00:36:20,866 --> 00:36:24,666 ♪ Until it's time for you to go ♪ 715 00:36:24,666 --> 00:36:27,200 What I wanted to offer when I was first starting out, 716 00:36:27,200 --> 00:36:30,233 to this day, is I always want to be offering people stuff 717 00:36:30,233 --> 00:36:32,366 that they won't get somewhere else. 718 00:36:32,366 --> 00:36:35,566 ♪ We laughed and played at the start ♪ 719 00:36:35,566 --> 00:36:37,933 ♪ Like in a game ♪ 720 00:36:37,933 --> 00:36:41,433 And this song was saying, 721 00:36:41,433 --> 00:36:42,700 "This is so wonderful. 722 00:36:42,700 --> 00:36:46,500 And, you know, we'll make it happen 723 00:36:46,500 --> 00:36:47,966 until it's time for you to go." 724 00:36:47,966 --> 00:36:50,266 And it doesn't say why you have to go, 725 00:36:50,266 --> 00:36:56,033 but it allows -- it allows your loved one 726 00:36:56,033 --> 00:36:57,633 to leave the room. 727 00:37:09,033 --> 00:37:13,766 -I think it is the actual first feminist anthem. 728 00:37:13,766 --> 00:37:16,200 It's sung from the perspective of a woman 729 00:37:16,200 --> 00:37:18,166 who is basically like, 730 00:37:18,166 --> 00:37:19,866 "We will love each other right now, 731 00:37:19,866 --> 00:37:22,400 and we're not asking for forever." 732 00:37:22,400 --> 00:37:24,100 -♪ And I'll never ♪ 733 00:37:24,100 --> 00:37:26,033 -That's not the kind of messaging we were hearing 734 00:37:26,033 --> 00:37:29,900 from women's perspectives in pop music. 735 00:37:29,900 --> 00:37:33,400 -♪ Until it's time for you to go ♪ 736 00:37:33,400 --> 00:37:38,333 -The way she performs it and the mood that is expressed, 737 00:37:38,333 --> 00:37:42,133 there's just an honesty in it. 738 00:37:42,133 --> 00:37:45,000 -♪ See you again ♪ 739 00:37:45,000 --> 00:37:49,766 ♪ Still I'll stay until it's time for you to go ♪ 740 00:37:53,600 --> 00:37:55,100 -Hold it. 741 00:37:55,100 --> 00:37:57,533 -I'm in Nashville, and I'm recording, 742 00:37:57,533 --> 00:37:59,333 and the phone rings, 743 00:37:59,333 --> 00:38:04,433 and it's this associate of Elvis's business people. 744 00:38:04,433 --> 00:38:06,066 His name's Furlan, so... 745 00:38:06,066 --> 00:38:07,333 "Hi, Furlan. How you doing?" 746 00:38:07,333 --> 00:38:09,333 -"Buffy, Elvis just recorded your song. 747 00:38:09,333 --> 00:38:10,533 We're gonna have to have 748 00:38:10,533 --> 00:38:11,900 some of that publishing money, honey." 749 00:38:11,900 --> 00:38:13,400 [ Laughs ] 750 00:38:13,400 --> 00:38:15,600 So I said, "Oh! 751 00:38:15,600 --> 00:38:17,766 No." 752 00:38:17,766 --> 00:38:21,266 No. I said no. No. 753 00:38:21,266 --> 00:38:23,866 This -- This was Elvis recording my song. 754 00:38:23,866 --> 00:38:27,233 I was genuinely flattered, thrilled, and grateful. 755 00:38:27,233 --> 00:38:29,266 But, no, he didn't write the song. 756 00:38:29,266 --> 00:38:30,833 I did. 757 00:38:30,833 --> 00:38:33,133 And having given away the publishing 758 00:38:33,133 --> 00:38:35,300 for "Universal Soldier" for $1, 759 00:38:35,300 --> 00:38:38,200 I didn't want to do that again. 760 00:38:38,200 --> 00:38:42,233 -♪ We laughed and played at the start ♪ 761 00:38:42,233 --> 00:38:43,500 ♪ Like in a game ♪ 762 00:38:43,500 --> 00:38:45,866 -Elvis recorded that song nine times. 763 00:38:45,866 --> 00:38:51,900 -♪ You could have stayed outside my heart ♪ 764 00:38:51,900 --> 00:38:55,400 -Because my little song was apparently 765 00:38:55,400 --> 00:38:59,366 Elvis and his wife, Priscilla's, love song together. 766 00:38:59,366 --> 00:39:03,300 ♪♪ 767 00:39:03,300 --> 00:39:06,100 Oh, gosh, A lot of people have recorded that song. 768 00:39:06,100 --> 00:39:08,400 Barbra Streisand, Francoise Hardy, 769 00:39:08,400 --> 00:39:09,866 Sonny and Cher. 770 00:39:09,866 --> 00:39:11,200 Cher by herself. 771 00:39:11,200 --> 00:39:14,166 [ Chuckles ] A lot of wonderful people. 772 00:39:14,166 --> 00:39:17,866 I'm very happy that that song arrived in my head, 773 00:39:17,866 --> 00:39:20,266 not somebody else's. 774 00:39:20,266 --> 00:39:23,466 ♪ And here we'll stay until it's time ♪ 775 00:39:23,466 --> 00:39:27,700 ♪ For you to go ♪ 776 00:39:27,700 --> 00:39:30,733 ♪ Mm, mm, mm, mm ♪ 777 00:39:30,733 --> 00:39:32,600 In the early '60s, I'd go to Toronto 778 00:39:32,600 --> 00:39:34,233 to play in Yorkville, 779 00:39:34,233 --> 00:39:36,933 and I hung out at the Friendship Center on Spadina. 780 00:39:36,933 --> 00:39:40,333 I made some friends and mentioned my adoption story 781 00:39:40,333 --> 00:39:42,533 and they suggested I come to this powwow 782 00:39:42,533 --> 00:39:44,800 at Wiikwemkoong Reserve on Manitoulin Island 783 00:39:44,800 --> 00:39:46,200 the next weekend. 784 00:39:46,200 --> 00:39:50,966 And to that powwow came a group of Crees, 785 00:39:50,966 --> 00:39:53,200 and Emile Piapot was one of them, 786 00:39:53,200 --> 00:39:55,900 and we just enjoyed our conversations 787 00:39:55,900 --> 00:39:57,500 and enjoyed each other's presence. 788 00:39:57,500 --> 00:40:03,333 And he invited me to come to the Reserve, 789 00:40:03,333 --> 00:40:05,733 which is north of Regina, Saskatchewan, 790 00:40:05,733 --> 00:40:08,200 and I did. 791 00:40:08,200 --> 00:40:12,100 ♪ Hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey-o, hey-o, hey-o ♪ 792 00:40:12,100 --> 00:40:14,133 ♪ Hey, hey, hey-o ♪ 793 00:40:14,133 --> 00:40:16,866 -When she came to Piapot my kokum remembers 794 00:40:16,866 --> 00:40:18,933 there was people, like, they were rushing around 795 00:40:18,933 --> 00:40:21,366 and trying to make her a bed, and they didn't have any, 796 00:40:21,366 --> 00:40:23,833 like, mattresses or beds, so they made her -- 797 00:40:23,833 --> 00:40:26,033 they made, like, a bed out of coats. 798 00:40:26,033 --> 00:40:27,866 She was super down to earth, everyone said, 799 00:40:27,866 --> 00:40:29,300 and she just kind of, like -- 800 00:40:29,300 --> 00:40:31,166 she just kind of plops herself on the ground 801 00:40:31,166 --> 00:40:33,066 and just sits down and talks to you, right? 802 00:40:33,066 --> 00:40:36,466 -♪ Hey, hey, oh, hey, hey, hey, hey ♪ 803 00:40:36,466 --> 00:40:41,266 -She was a very kind person. 804 00:40:41,266 --> 00:40:43,100 Loving. 805 00:40:43,100 --> 00:40:45,566 -She was an auntie. 806 00:40:45,566 --> 00:40:48,966 She taught me how to eat spaghetti. 807 00:40:48,966 --> 00:40:51,533 [ Both laugh ] 808 00:40:51,533 --> 00:40:55,333 -Being around them, they were so sweet. 809 00:40:55,333 --> 00:40:58,466 They were super traditional. 810 00:40:58,466 --> 00:41:01,700 And actually, Emile Piapot told me 811 00:41:01,700 --> 00:41:04,600 that he had talked to his wife, Clara, 812 00:41:04,600 --> 00:41:07,933 who we always call "Kokum," which means grandmother. 813 00:41:07,933 --> 00:41:12,833 He told me that they had lost two daughters 814 00:41:12,833 --> 00:41:18,166 and that they wanted me to be their daughter. 815 00:41:18,166 --> 00:41:21,300 -Cree adoption means when you adopt somebody in the family, 816 00:41:21,300 --> 00:41:22,733 they're not adopted. 817 00:41:22,733 --> 00:41:25,433 They become real members of the family. 818 00:41:25,433 --> 00:41:27,633 And it's a very serious undertaking. 819 00:41:27,633 --> 00:41:30,733 We have the... 820 00:41:30,733 --> 00:41:33,133 Means "she adopts someone." 821 00:41:33,133 --> 00:41:37,866 But the [speaks Cree] -- it refers to family. 822 00:41:37,866 --> 00:41:41,366 So you bring somebody into the family, [speaks Cree]. 823 00:41:41,366 --> 00:41:46,566 A lot of us do this with people that we connect with. 824 00:41:46,566 --> 00:41:49,533 -It was a real love affair of family, 825 00:41:49,533 --> 00:41:52,433 and that kind of experience -- 826 00:41:52,433 --> 00:41:55,766 it's definitely healed something in me from my childhood 827 00:41:55,766 --> 00:41:59,166 that was needy or, 828 00:41:59,166 --> 00:42:01,433 if not broken, at least busted up a little. 829 00:42:01,433 --> 00:42:02,566 [ Laughs ] 830 00:42:02,566 --> 00:42:04,666 ♪ Hey, hey, hey-o ♪ 831 00:42:04,666 --> 00:42:08,766 ♪ From the old way, way-o, way, way, way ♪ 832 00:42:08,766 --> 00:42:13,066 -More and more, you see people, they go back. 833 00:42:13,066 --> 00:42:16,566 They want to be part of the past. 834 00:42:16,566 --> 00:42:20,200 What does it mean to be a human being? 835 00:42:20,200 --> 00:42:22,633 To be a mother? To be a father? 836 00:42:22,633 --> 00:42:25,966 To be -- to have a relation? 837 00:42:25,966 --> 00:42:29,700 They realized that the healing comes from inside, 838 00:42:29,700 --> 00:42:32,433 from the past, not from the future, 839 00:42:32,433 --> 00:42:37,000 not from other people who say, "We're gonna heal you." 840 00:42:37,000 --> 00:42:39,133 We have to heal ourselves. 841 00:42:39,133 --> 00:42:41,933 -[ Singing in Cree ] 842 00:42:45,466 --> 00:42:47,933 -I made a lot of money in the '60s. 843 00:42:47,933 --> 00:42:52,033 I mean, I-I never meant to when I did. 844 00:42:52,033 --> 00:42:54,866 Somebody was always running off with large, you know, 845 00:42:54,866 --> 00:42:56,566 scads of money. 846 00:42:56,566 --> 00:42:58,133 But I wasn't paying too much attention 847 00:42:58,133 --> 00:43:00,300 because there was always enough to eat. 848 00:43:00,300 --> 00:43:03,300 And I started a scholarship foundation, 849 00:43:03,300 --> 00:43:05,433 and I found out what that was like. 850 00:43:05,433 --> 00:43:09,566 I found out the great reward of having the luxury 851 00:43:09,566 --> 00:43:12,466 to give away money. 852 00:43:12,466 --> 00:43:15,600 In the '70s, I was on the road a lot, 853 00:43:15,600 --> 00:43:21,533 so I had the additional advantages of, you know, 854 00:43:21,533 --> 00:43:23,600 airplane tickets to concerts, which got me there, 855 00:43:23,600 --> 00:43:25,900 and then, oh, a week off to go 856 00:43:25,900 --> 00:43:28,933 and spend with Indigenous people of that area. 857 00:43:28,933 --> 00:43:32,100 ♪ Freedom for the stallion ♪ 858 00:43:32,100 --> 00:43:35,033 ♪ Freedom for the mare and her colt ♪ 859 00:43:35,033 --> 00:43:37,133 You know, there would be opportunities presented 860 00:43:37,133 --> 00:43:40,233 to come to this reserve or to do this show. 861 00:43:40,233 --> 00:43:42,066 And I would say yes. 862 00:43:42,066 --> 00:43:44,233 ♪ Spirit, what we gonna do ♪ 863 00:43:44,233 --> 00:43:47,366 -When Buffy comes to a community, she says, 864 00:43:47,366 --> 00:43:50,500 "You matter. Your community matters. 865 00:43:50,500 --> 00:43:55,033 I'm here because you're here and we're here." 866 00:43:55,033 --> 00:43:58,333 -♪ Hey, hey, hey, hey, hey-o, hey ♪ 867 00:43:58,333 --> 00:44:01,233 -And that's so important. 868 00:44:01,233 --> 00:44:05,733 ♪♪ 869 00:44:05,733 --> 00:44:07,733 -I was 17 when I met her. 870 00:44:07,733 --> 00:44:09,066 So impressionable, 871 00:44:09,066 --> 00:44:13,733 and a brown girl looking... 872 00:44:13,733 --> 00:44:17,000 at a brown woman 873 00:44:17,000 --> 00:44:20,466 saying things that I believed in. 874 00:44:20,466 --> 00:44:23,400 That gave me the strength to say, 875 00:44:23,400 --> 00:44:26,466 "I could do this. 876 00:44:26,466 --> 00:44:28,166 We're still alive. 877 00:44:30,766 --> 00:44:33,000 We're not extinct. We're not dinosaurs. 878 00:44:33,000 --> 00:44:35,500 We're -- We're Indians. 879 00:44:35,500 --> 00:44:38,700 We're Native people." 880 00:44:38,700 --> 00:44:42,766 -The majority of the people's impression of the Indian 881 00:44:42,766 --> 00:44:45,366 is what we see on the motion picture screen or television. 882 00:44:45,366 --> 00:44:47,400 -Yeah, there's really two versions, I think, 883 00:44:47,400 --> 00:44:48,633 of who the American Indians are. 884 00:44:48,633 --> 00:44:51,266 One version says that they're ignorant savages, 885 00:44:51,266 --> 00:44:54,000 and the other one pictures them sort of standing on a cliff, 886 00:44:54,000 --> 00:44:56,500 you know, proud, noble people. 887 00:44:56,500 --> 00:44:57,966 -Yeah. [ Laughter ] 888 00:44:57,966 --> 00:45:00,266 [ Indistinct talking ] 889 00:45:00,266 --> 00:45:04,533 [ Whistling melody plays ] 890 00:45:04,533 --> 00:45:05,633 [ Cheering ] 891 00:45:05,633 --> 00:45:07,666 -There are literally thousands 892 00:45:07,666 --> 00:45:09,933 of Indian "and cowboy" movies. 893 00:45:09,933 --> 00:45:11,766 -This Indian's no Indian. 894 00:45:11,766 --> 00:45:12,900 -If he's no Indian, 895 00:45:12,900 --> 00:45:14,166 why is he wearing a chicken for a hat? 896 00:45:14,166 --> 00:45:15,333 -A lot of the time, 897 00:45:15,333 --> 00:45:18,033 it was an Indigenous people were played by -- 898 00:45:18,033 --> 00:45:20,133 it could be anybody. 899 00:45:20,133 --> 00:45:22,433 You could have blond hair and blue eyes and wear a wig, 900 00:45:22,433 --> 00:45:25,033 and you're on your way. 901 00:45:25,033 --> 00:45:26,633 ♪♪ 902 00:45:26,633 --> 00:45:29,033 [ Train whistle blows ] 903 00:45:29,033 --> 00:45:30,833 ♪♪ 904 00:45:30,833 --> 00:45:33,133 So Buffy Sainte-Marie -- 905 00:45:33,133 --> 00:45:38,333 she gets asked to play a lead role in "The Virginian." 906 00:45:38,333 --> 00:45:40,533 -"The Virginian" was a popular TV show 907 00:45:40,533 --> 00:45:45,166 that ran from 1962 to 1971. 908 00:45:45,166 --> 00:45:48,933 So I told them that, "If you want me to do it, 909 00:45:48,933 --> 00:45:53,266 all of the Indigenous parts be played by Indigenous people." 910 00:45:53,266 --> 00:45:56,833 And of course they said, "Oh, that's asking too much. 911 00:45:56,833 --> 00:46:00,300 You know, there are --" I forget -- "like 36 extras, 912 00:46:00,300 --> 00:46:02,133 but our makeup people are fantastic. 913 00:46:02,133 --> 00:46:04,400 They can turn a dog into a cat." 914 00:46:04,400 --> 00:46:07,133 And I said, "No, it's not just about makeup 915 00:46:07,133 --> 00:46:09,600 and fooling white people. 916 00:46:09,600 --> 00:46:11,633 These people will bring their entire culture 917 00:46:11,633 --> 00:46:13,966 to your -- to your film." 918 00:46:13,966 --> 00:46:20,166 ♪♪ 919 00:46:20,166 --> 00:46:21,666 I really can't imagine. 920 00:46:21,666 --> 00:46:24,866 She is this 28-year-old woman 921 00:46:24,866 --> 00:46:26,933 and she says, "Well, you have to 922 00:46:26,933 --> 00:46:30,266 hire Indigenous people to play Indigenous parts." 923 00:46:30,266 --> 00:46:31,866 And, I mean, that's a conversation 924 00:46:31,866 --> 00:46:33,900 we're having in 2021 925 00:46:33,900 --> 00:46:37,400 that people are still pushing back against. 926 00:46:37,400 --> 00:46:39,366 -They didn't know that I was already working 927 00:46:39,366 --> 00:46:44,000 with Jay Silverheels and with my friend Lois Red Elk. 928 00:46:44,000 --> 00:46:46,700 They were already running the Indian Actors Workshop, 929 00:46:46,700 --> 00:46:50,766 so I knew that I had the goods. 930 00:46:50,766 --> 00:46:53,633 Try and imagine "The Sopranos" without Italians. 931 00:46:53,633 --> 00:46:54,633 [ Chuckles ] 932 00:46:54,633 --> 00:46:56,700 Regarding Indigenous actors, 933 00:46:56,700 --> 00:47:00,166 I wanted to show who they were and where to find them. 934 00:47:00,166 --> 00:47:03,166 So that comes back to something that I say a lot. 935 00:47:03,166 --> 00:47:05,933 You don't have to go in and tear everything down. 936 00:47:05,933 --> 00:47:08,133 I mean, that'll take you forever and it's impossible. 937 00:47:08,133 --> 00:47:10,833 No, just cook it up yourself. 938 00:47:10,833 --> 00:47:13,533 And once people get a whiff of the real deal, 939 00:47:13,533 --> 00:47:16,966 a lot of them are gonna just say, "Oh, I see." 940 00:47:16,966 --> 00:47:18,400 The argument is over. 941 00:47:18,400 --> 00:47:20,000 You've given them a gift 942 00:47:20,000 --> 00:47:21,766 that they didn't even know they wanted. 943 00:47:21,766 --> 00:47:24,000 [ Applause ] 944 00:47:24,000 --> 00:47:26,500 Sometimes people wonder why Indian people had it 945 00:47:26,500 --> 00:47:29,566 so hard over 100 years ago. 946 00:47:29,566 --> 00:47:31,766 Or even more recently. 947 00:47:31,766 --> 00:47:34,633 People wonder, what happened to the American Indian Movement 948 00:47:34,633 --> 00:47:41,166 in 1973, 100 years later, at the same place? 949 00:47:41,166 --> 00:47:43,900 100 years ago, it was gold. 950 00:47:43,900 --> 00:47:45,666 That's what happens. 951 00:47:45,666 --> 00:47:47,900 Now it's uranium, 952 00:47:47,900 --> 00:47:51,066 coal, natural gas. 953 00:47:51,066 --> 00:47:52,966 I wrote a song about these things. 954 00:47:52,966 --> 00:47:56,333 Nothing in the song is new. 955 00:47:56,333 --> 00:47:57,766 But when they're strung together, 956 00:47:57,766 --> 00:48:00,966 they tell a deeper story. 957 00:48:00,966 --> 00:48:03,800 ♪ Indian legislation's on the desk ♪ 958 00:48:03,800 --> 00:48:05,600 ♪ Of a do-right congressman ♪ 959 00:48:05,600 --> 00:48:07,833 ♪ Now, he don't know much about the issues ♪ 960 00:48:07,833 --> 00:48:10,733 ♪ So he picks up the phone and he asks advice ♪ 961 00:48:10,733 --> 00:48:13,300 ♪ Of the senators out in Indian Country ♪ 962 00:48:13,300 --> 00:48:15,033 -There was such an incredible movement 963 00:48:15,033 --> 00:48:16,333 going on in the '60s. 964 00:48:16,333 --> 00:48:18,833 You know, you had the American Indian Movement. 965 00:48:18,833 --> 00:48:20,733 You know, you had John Trudell out there. 966 00:48:20,733 --> 00:48:24,866 You had Willie Dunn and Buffy Sainte-Marie 967 00:48:24,866 --> 00:48:29,333 front and center as one of those voices. 968 00:48:29,333 --> 00:48:34,966 -♪ Bury my heart at Wounded Knee ♪ 969 00:48:34,966 --> 00:48:37,000 -♪ Deep in the earth ♪ 970 00:48:37,000 --> 00:48:40,300 -♪ Bury my heart at Wounded Knee ♪ 971 00:48:40,300 --> 00:48:42,066 -♪ They get these energy... ♪ 972 00:48:42,066 --> 00:48:44,100 When I first met the American Indian Movement, 973 00:48:44,100 --> 00:48:45,766 they were a brand-new group of guys 974 00:48:45,766 --> 00:48:50,000 who were trying to let us know about our own civil rights. 975 00:48:50,000 --> 00:48:52,433 -We are not even trying to overthrow the government. 976 00:48:52,433 --> 00:48:55,300 What we're trying to do is to force the white man 977 00:48:55,300 --> 00:48:57,933 to live up to his own existing laws. 978 00:48:57,933 --> 00:49:00,400 -♪ And we get the FBI... ♪ 979 00:49:00,400 --> 00:49:02,700 So I started supporting their work, 980 00:49:02,700 --> 00:49:05,500 and I would show up at their benefits and stuff 981 00:49:05,500 --> 00:49:07,333 to spotlight the issue. 982 00:49:07,333 --> 00:49:09,000 -♪ Rich, get rich quick ♪ 983 00:49:12,233 --> 00:49:13,933 -The Indian no longer as victim, 984 00:49:13,933 --> 00:49:15,700 but the Indian triumphant. 985 00:49:15,700 --> 00:49:16,966 -You said it. -Yeah? 986 00:49:16,966 --> 00:49:18,333 Is that -- Do you feel that personally? 987 00:49:18,333 --> 00:49:19,933 -I certainly do. 988 00:49:19,933 --> 00:49:21,666 But I think that what's important is for other people 989 00:49:21,666 --> 00:49:23,133 to get used to the idea. 990 00:49:23,133 --> 00:49:24,900 ♪ Bury my heart at Wounded Knee ♪ 991 00:49:24,900 --> 00:49:31,233 -♪ Bury my heart at Wounded Knee ♪ 992 00:49:31,233 --> 00:49:33,133 [ Cheers and applause ] 993 00:49:33,133 --> 00:49:35,633 -She had notoriety, and she had fame, 994 00:49:35,633 --> 00:49:40,266 and she was using her influence to help lend visibility. 995 00:49:40,266 --> 00:49:43,433 And it was all to create momentum, 996 00:49:43,433 --> 00:49:45,766 to create confluence, you know, 997 00:49:45,766 --> 00:49:48,800 to bring all of the issues of our rights 998 00:49:48,800 --> 00:49:52,533 as just human rights, you know, to the forefront. 999 00:49:52,533 --> 00:49:58,666 -She was using her platform to speak truth to power, 1000 00:49:58,666 --> 00:50:01,566 and she didn't shy away from some of the topics 1001 00:50:01,566 --> 00:50:04,033 that, you know, many people were like, 1002 00:50:04,033 --> 00:50:06,500 "You know, we may not want to bring that up," 1003 00:50:06,500 --> 00:50:09,366 or, you know, "Perhaps don't approach this that way." 1004 00:50:09,366 --> 00:50:12,533 And she really laid it on the table. 1005 00:50:12,533 --> 00:50:14,766 -When I did talk shows, I told the truth 1006 00:50:14,766 --> 00:50:16,333 about what U.S. politicians 1007 00:50:16,333 --> 00:50:18,266 were trying to do to Indigenous people. 1008 00:50:18,266 --> 00:50:19,500 -Jack Cunningham... 1009 00:50:19,500 --> 00:50:21,633 -"Good Morning America" with millions of viewers 1010 00:50:21,633 --> 00:50:24,866 was an opportunity to educate ignorant politicians, 1011 00:50:24,866 --> 00:50:26,266 like Jack Cunningham, 1012 00:50:26,266 --> 00:50:28,800 who was trying to abolish all treaties 1013 00:50:28,800 --> 00:50:30,766 with Native American tribes. 1014 00:50:30,766 --> 00:50:32,900 -Why would you abolish all the treaties? 1015 00:50:32,900 --> 00:50:35,266 -Well, I think, first of all, if you're really interested 1016 00:50:35,266 --> 00:50:38,100 in helping the Native American Indians 1017 00:50:38,100 --> 00:50:41,633 come to the full capabilities that they're capable of, 1018 00:50:41,633 --> 00:50:43,966 you have to stop relegating them through these treaties 1019 00:50:43,966 --> 00:50:45,400 and the way they're administered 1020 00:50:45,400 --> 00:50:47,233 into being second-class citizens. 1021 00:50:47,233 --> 00:50:49,000 -Well, I certainly hope that the people interested 1022 00:50:49,000 --> 00:50:50,933 in Panama treaties or the people in China 1023 00:50:50,933 --> 00:50:52,900 interested in Taiwan or anywhere else in the world 1024 00:50:52,900 --> 00:50:55,133 are listening to this kind of legislation, 1025 00:50:55,133 --> 00:50:56,600 because whether you know it or not, 1026 00:50:56,600 --> 00:50:58,766 all U.S. treaties are the same, 1027 00:50:58,766 --> 00:51:01,900 whether it's with an Indian nation or with any other nation. 1028 00:51:01,900 --> 00:51:04,800 What I think is the most amazing thing about your bill 1029 00:51:04,800 --> 00:51:06,000 is that you dare to call it 1030 00:51:06,000 --> 00:51:08,500 the Native Americans Equal Opportunity Act, 1031 00:51:08,500 --> 00:51:09,600 when actually you ought to call it 1032 00:51:09,600 --> 00:51:12,033 the Native Americans Rip-off Act. 1033 00:51:12,033 --> 00:51:15,366 It's only one more of the same in a history of such bills. 1034 00:51:15,366 --> 00:51:19,966 ♪ Now that your big eyes are finally opened ♪ 1035 00:51:22,000 --> 00:51:26,766 ♪ Now that you're wondering, how must they feel? ♪ 1036 00:51:26,766 --> 00:51:29,300 ♪ Meaning them that you've chased ♪ 1037 00:51:29,300 --> 00:51:31,633 ♪ Across America's movie screens ♪ 1038 00:51:33,633 --> 00:51:36,833 ♪ Now that you're wondering ♪ 1039 00:51:36,833 --> 00:51:39,733 ♪ How can it be real? ♪ 1040 00:51:52,466 --> 00:51:54,000 ♪ You've asked for my comment ♪ 1041 00:51:54,000 --> 00:51:58,266 ♪ I simply will render ♪ 1042 00:51:58,266 --> 00:52:02,566 ♪ My country 'tis of thy people ♪ 1043 00:52:02,566 --> 00:52:05,866 ♪ You're dying ♪ 1044 00:52:05,866 --> 00:52:08,166 ♪♪ 1045 00:52:08,166 --> 00:52:10,533 [ Siren wailing ] 1046 00:52:12,266 --> 00:52:13,866 Things changed. 1047 00:52:13,866 --> 00:52:18,400 It went from a grassroots civil rights movement 1048 00:52:18,400 --> 00:52:20,900 to something that was really different. 1049 00:52:20,900 --> 00:52:23,133 The publicity that you would see in those days 1050 00:52:23,133 --> 00:52:25,500 was aimed to make us look bad. 1051 00:52:25,500 --> 00:52:27,600 And the American Indian Movement 1052 00:52:27,600 --> 00:52:31,300 had been infiltrated by Doug Durham of the FBI. 1053 00:52:31,300 --> 00:52:33,033 He was a plant. 1054 00:52:33,033 --> 00:52:38,366 And there was an undercurrent of violence. 1055 00:52:38,366 --> 00:52:39,900 So things changed. 1056 00:52:39,900 --> 00:52:41,866 [ Gunshots ] 1057 00:52:45,166 --> 00:52:49,733 In 1973, there was another incident at Wounded Knee. 1058 00:52:49,733 --> 00:52:53,600 It lasted 71 days and it resulted in violence and death. 1059 00:52:53,600 --> 00:52:57,566 My friend Annie Mae Aquash got caught up in what was happening. 1060 00:52:57,566 --> 00:53:01,500 She got deeply involved in the American Indian Movement. 1061 00:53:01,500 --> 00:53:05,100 And the last time I had talked to Annie Mae, 1062 00:53:05,100 --> 00:53:09,300 she had told me that, um, 1063 00:53:09,300 --> 00:53:10,866 that she was in danger. 1064 00:53:10,866 --> 00:53:12,866 They said that she was a missing person, 1065 00:53:12,866 --> 00:53:16,533 and Annie Mae wound up dead. 1066 00:53:19,366 --> 00:53:20,633 [ Sighs ] 1067 00:53:20,633 --> 00:53:25,133 And they cut off her hands for identification. 1068 00:53:25,133 --> 00:53:29,433 Her death was ruled some kind of accident, 1069 00:53:29,433 --> 00:53:32,100 but she had a bullet in the back of her head, you know? 1070 00:53:32,100 --> 00:53:35,600 [ Projector clicks and whirs ] 1071 00:53:35,600 --> 00:53:40,700 It's quite heartbreaking and very awful. 1072 00:53:40,700 --> 00:53:44,233 ♪♪ 1073 00:53:44,233 --> 00:53:46,566 [ Static crackling ] 1074 00:53:48,566 --> 00:53:51,633 -Secret FBI memos made public today 1075 00:53:51,633 --> 00:53:53,800 show that the late J. Edgar Hoover 1076 00:53:53,800 --> 00:53:55,833 ordered a nationwide campaign 1077 00:53:55,833 --> 00:53:58,500 to disrupt the activities of the New Left... 1078 00:53:58,500 --> 00:54:00,633 -I had no idea J. Edgar Hoover 1079 00:54:00,633 --> 00:54:02,333 considered me a security threat. 1080 00:54:02,333 --> 00:54:05,866 -He ordered his agents not only to expose New Left groups, 1081 00:54:05,866 --> 00:54:09,266 but to take action against them to neutralize them. 1082 00:54:12,766 --> 00:54:14,866 -To have your music suppressed 1083 00:54:14,866 --> 00:54:20,933 is to have official government stationery arrive 1084 00:54:20,933 --> 00:54:24,366 you know, to radio programmers, radio owners, 1085 00:54:24,366 --> 00:54:28,966 and encourage them strongly to not play your artist. 1086 00:54:28,966 --> 00:54:33,433 Radio was vital in the '60s and '70s 1087 00:54:33,433 --> 00:54:35,366 and '80s, frankly. 1088 00:54:35,366 --> 00:54:39,133 There weren't a lot of other spaces. 1089 00:54:39,133 --> 00:54:41,700 You know, charts are built on radio play, 1090 00:54:41,700 --> 00:54:45,533 and you have to get your music out there. 1091 00:54:45,533 --> 00:54:49,000 Otherwise you are -- you just don't exist. 1092 00:54:49,000 --> 00:54:51,033 And that's really what happened to Buffy. 1093 00:54:51,033 --> 00:54:54,800 ♪♪ 1094 00:54:54,800 --> 00:54:57,733 -I never knew that I was blacklisted 1095 00:54:57,733 --> 00:55:00,133 or my music was suppressed or -- I didn't know that. 1096 00:55:00,133 --> 00:55:02,600 I just thought singers come, singers go. 1097 00:55:02,600 --> 00:55:05,266 God, that was fun, you know, fun while it lasted. 1098 00:55:05,266 --> 00:55:07,833 And then many years later, 1099 00:55:07,833 --> 00:55:09,966 [laughing] when -- when my lawyer said, 1100 00:55:09,966 --> 00:55:12,800 "Well, look at your FBI files," I went, "What FBI files? 1101 00:55:12,800 --> 00:55:15,566 The FBI didn't care about me." 1102 00:55:15,566 --> 00:55:19,233 I had no idea that there was any strategy to it by [laughs] 1103 00:55:19,233 --> 00:55:22,566 somebody like J. Edgar Hoover. 1104 00:55:22,566 --> 00:55:26,100 ♪ Coincidence and likely stories ♪ 1105 00:55:26,100 --> 00:55:29,733 ♪ They dog your trail like a pack of lies ♪ 1106 00:55:32,433 --> 00:55:37,033 ♪ Disinformation, spin it like a silkworm ♪ 1107 00:55:37,033 --> 00:55:38,800 -Buffy is an example 1108 00:55:38,800 --> 00:55:42,300 of how politics were played against her. 1109 00:55:42,300 --> 00:55:46,066 Her voice, her presence, her words were so threatening 1110 00:55:46,066 --> 00:55:50,900 to the largest military power in the world. 1111 00:55:50,900 --> 00:55:53,100 And I think, you know -- 1112 00:55:53,100 --> 00:55:56,900 I know the United States owes her a big apology. 1113 00:55:56,900 --> 00:55:59,766 I think this country owes her a really big apology. 1114 00:55:59,766 --> 00:56:02,966 And she should be getting all kinds of awards, 1115 00:56:02,966 --> 00:56:06,100 because she would have broken through in the U.S. 1116 00:56:06,100 --> 00:56:08,733 had she not been prevented by the government. 1117 00:56:08,733 --> 00:56:11,200 -♪ It's a perverse company you work for ♪ 1118 00:56:11,200 --> 00:56:13,800 ♪ They build the past, it just can't last ♪ 1119 00:56:13,800 --> 00:56:15,866 ♪ It's obsolete by design ♪ 1120 00:56:15,866 --> 00:56:19,233 -She sacrificed a lot by bringing out truths. 1121 00:56:19,233 --> 00:56:23,733 She sacrificed a lot to make sure the Indigenous reality, 1122 00:56:23,733 --> 00:56:26,733 the Indigenous truth, was known. 1123 00:56:26,733 --> 00:56:28,666 You know, that's part of her legacy. 1124 00:56:28,666 --> 00:56:29,900 That needs to be honored. 1125 00:56:29,900 --> 00:56:34,133 That needs to be recognized. 1126 00:56:34,133 --> 00:56:37,233 What she did was very selfless. 1127 00:56:37,233 --> 00:56:43,933 ♪♪ 1128 00:56:43,933 --> 00:56:46,000 [ Rooster crows ] 1129 00:56:52,066 --> 00:56:55,933 -"Would you buy a used continent from this woman? 1130 00:56:55,933 --> 00:56:58,133 This way to the Buffy car!" 1131 00:56:58,133 --> 00:57:00,700 Ooookay. 1132 00:57:00,700 --> 00:57:04,366 Ooh, I like this better. Oh, there's me. 1133 00:57:04,366 --> 00:57:06,633 And there's Muhammad Ali. Mwah, mwah! 1134 00:57:06,633 --> 00:57:09,466 Floyd Westerman. Stevie Wonder. 1135 00:57:09,466 --> 00:57:11,600 Marlon Brando. 1136 00:57:11,600 --> 00:57:13,433 Richie Havens right there. 1137 00:57:16,166 --> 00:57:19,166 What really bothered me about being blacklisted 1138 00:57:19,166 --> 00:57:22,666 wasn't so much that Buffy's career had been, 1139 00:57:22,666 --> 00:57:24,233 [chuckles] you know, ditched. 1140 00:57:24,233 --> 00:57:26,133 It wasn't that. 1141 00:57:26,133 --> 00:57:30,400 It's that I thought that if only people knew about the content 1142 00:57:30,400 --> 00:57:32,333 of what these songs were about, 1143 00:57:32,333 --> 00:57:36,200 I thought I could have been more effective. 1144 00:57:36,200 --> 00:57:40,033 I think I could have done a lot if there hadn't been people 1145 00:57:40,033 --> 00:57:43,933 deliberately opposing either 1146 00:57:43,933 --> 00:57:46,000 what I was singing about or who I was, 1147 00:57:46,000 --> 00:57:49,166 or, you know, if I'd had some different breaks. 1148 00:57:49,166 --> 00:57:51,733 Come on, come on! [ Smooches ] 1149 00:57:51,733 --> 00:57:54,233 Come on, come on. Hello! 1150 00:57:54,233 --> 00:57:57,833 -Even though, you know, she was blacklisted, 1151 00:57:57,833 --> 00:58:00,966 she found other ways to continue to, you know, 1152 00:58:00,966 --> 00:58:06,466 manifest in different forms and shapes and influences. 1153 00:58:06,466 --> 00:58:09,466 -Yes. -Even around the world, 1154 00:58:09,466 --> 00:58:14,100 that's still kind of permeated within the United States. 1155 00:58:14,100 --> 00:58:15,566 [ Banjo strumming ] 1156 00:58:15,566 --> 00:58:18,066 -I didn't know I was blacklisted. 1157 00:58:18,066 --> 00:58:21,000 I just thought my music career was slowing down. 1158 00:58:21,000 --> 00:58:23,366 And then came "Sesame Street." 1159 00:58:23,366 --> 00:58:24,366 -♪ Sunny days ♪ 1160 00:58:24,366 --> 00:58:26,966 -I was recording in Nashville, 1161 00:58:26,966 --> 00:58:30,433 but the phone rang, and "Sesame Street" was asking me, 1162 00:58:30,433 --> 00:58:33,700 did I want to go on and say the alphabet 1163 00:58:33,700 --> 00:58:35,866 and count from one to five or something 1164 00:58:35,866 --> 00:58:37,066 like everybody else did? 1165 00:58:37,066 --> 00:58:41,200 And I said, "No, I don't really want to do that. 1166 00:58:41,200 --> 00:58:42,633 But have you ever considered doing 1167 00:58:42,633 --> 00:58:44,533 any Native American programming?" 1168 00:58:46,766 --> 00:58:48,700 [ Dog barks ] 1169 00:58:48,700 --> 00:58:52,033 So the first thing that we did, we went to Taos Pueblo, 1170 00:58:52,033 --> 00:58:54,966 and Big Bird's like, "Mm!" and he's all antsy. 1171 00:58:54,966 --> 00:58:56,600 And I said, "What is it, Big Bird?" 1172 00:58:56,600 --> 00:58:57,800 You know, and he said, 1173 00:58:57,800 --> 00:59:00,333 "I heard there were Indians around here." 1174 00:59:00,333 --> 00:59:02,800 Well, I'm an Indian. We're all Indians. 1175 00:59:02,800 --> 00:59:04,466 -You're an Indian? -Sure, I am! 1176 00:59:04,466 --> 00:59:05,866 -Oh, wait a minute. -And all the kids are Indian. 1177 00:59:05,866 --> 00:59:07,833 -Are you an Indian? 1178 00:59:07,833 --> 00:59:09,800 -I am. -I'm an Indian! 1179 00:59:09,800 --> 00:59:13,500 -Yeah! -Aha, wait a minute. 1180 00:59:13,500 --> 00:59:17,366 You're not gonna fool Big Bird. 1181 00:59:17,366 --> 00:59:19,700 -I can tell you my first impression of her, 1182 00:59:19,700 --> 00:59:25,000 and I believe that we were on a reservation. 1183 00:59:25,000 --> 00:59:28,300 And everybody knew about Buffy Sainte-Marie 1184 00:59:28,300 --> 00:59:33,233 because she was an icon of the '60s. 1185 00:59:33,233 --> 00:59:36,733 And Buffy did expand my understanding 1186 00:59:36,733 --> 00:59:40,200 and humanized Indigenous people, 1187 00:59:40,200 --> 00:59:43,933 Native Americans, in a personal way 1188 00:59:43,933 --> 00:59:46,133 that was organic. 1189 00:59:46,133 --> 00:59:48,266 -[ Singing in native language ] 1190 00:59:48,266 --> 00:59:49,566 ♪ I'm an Indian and I like sunshine ♪ 1191 00:59:49,566 --> 00:59:53,933 -And I remember she wrote a song and the lyric was, 1192 00:59:53,933 --> 00:59:56,433 "And I am real and I can feel 1193 00:59:56,433 --> 00:59:58,700 and I'd like to take your hand." 1194 00:59:58,700 --> 01:00:02,533 -[ Singing in native language ] 1195 01:00:08,366 --> 01:00:12,833 -Wow, an Indigenous person is on "Sesame Street." 1196 01:00:12,833 --> 01:00:15,533 Like, that -- that's -- that's like -- 1197 01:00:15,533 --> 01:00:19,266 that's like a rocket being launched to the moon 1198 01:00:19,266 --> 01:00:22,733 for Indigenous kids seeing that on the screen. 1199 01:00:22,733 --> 01:00:26,700 -[ Singing in native language ] 1200 01:00:26,700 --> 01:00:29,133 -I remember my mom was, like, freaking out 1201 01:00:29,133 --> 01:00:32,800 and she just yelled at me to come and watch her on TV, 1202 01:00:32,800 --> 01:00:35,800 you know, because this was my only connection to my culture 1203 01:00:35,800 --> 01:00:38,066 was Buffy Sainte-Marie. 1204 01:00:38,066 --> 01:00:39,733 -♪ And I'd love to shake your hand ♪ 1205 01:00:39,733 --> 01:00:43,466 All of a sudden, I was reaching little kids and their caregivers 1206 01:00:43,466 --> 01:00:46,666 in 72 countries of the world three times a day. 1207 01:00:46,666 --> 01:00:50,200 Essentially, I was giving the same message. 1208 01:00:50,200 --> 01:00:55,033 I just wanted little kids to understand that Indians exist. 1209 01:00:55,033 --> 01:00:58,633 [ Singing in Native language ] 1210 01:00:58,633 --> 01:01:00,633 Think of that, Fred? -[ Whinnies ] 1211 01:01:00,633 --> 01:01:04,133 -Not bad, huh? I like you, too. 1212 01:01:04,133 --> 01:01:07,600 -Suddenly she ends up becoming 1213 01:01:07,600 --> 01:01:11,500 a part-time cast member for those five years 1214 01:01:11,500 --> 01:01:14,666 and is helping to write different scenes and scenarios 1215 01:01:14,666 --> 01:01:16,766 from lived experience. 1216 01:01:16,766 --> 01:01:19,233 -So all you kids live here in Hawaii, huh? 1217 01:01:19,233 --> 01:01:21,300 -Yeah. 1218 01:01:21,300 --> 01:01:22,766 -I had been doing "Sesame Street" 1219 01:01:22,766 --> 01:01:24,300 for about a year, 1220 01:01:24,300 --> 01:01:26,966 and I discovered that I was pregnant. 1221 01:01:26,966 --> 01:01:30,966 And I thought, "Well, I'll just have to tell 'Sesame Street.'" 1222 01:01:30,966 --> 01:01:34,000 And instead of sending me away, my sweetheart at the time, 1223 01:01:34,000 --> 01:01:35,466 you know, Sheldon Wolfchild, 1224 01:01:35,466 --> 01:01:38,100 who I'd known through the American Indian Movement, 1225 01:01:38,100 --> 01:01:40,833 and eventually our baby, Cody, 1226 01:01:40,833 --> 01:01:45,000 we became the first family on "Sesame Street." 1227 01:01:45,000 --> 01:01:47,000 -[ Chuckles ] Buffy. 1228 01:01:47,000 --> 01:01:48,133 And Cody? 1229 01:01:48,133 --> 01:01:49,700 -Yeah. -[ Laughs ] 1230 01:01:49,700 --> 01:01:52,233 Sheldon, how are you? Oh! 1231 01:01:52,233 --> 01:01:53,500 -When I was a kid growing up 1232 01:01:53,500 --> 01:01:55,433 and growing up in, you know, poverty 1233 01:01:55,433 --> 01:01:57,866 and a very tense family situation, 1234 01:01:57,866 --> 01:02:00,833 I would dream of not wealth, 1235 01:02:00,833 --> 01:02:03,233 of not opportunity, but of family. 1236 01:02:03,233 --> 01:02:05,133 I would sometimes, you know, think of, like, 1237 01:02:05,133 --> 01:02:07,733 what if Buffy Sainte-Marie was my mother? 1238 01:02:07,733 --> 01:02:10,233 -♪ "C" is for Cody ♪ 1239 01:02:10,233 --> 01:02:11,666 -Whatcha doing, Buffy? 1240 01:02:11,666 --> 01:02:13,333 -I'm feeding the baby. 1241 01:02:13,333 --> 01:02:16,900 See, he's drinking milk from my breast. 1242 01:02:16,900 --> 01:02:18,300 -Oh. 1243 01:02:18,300 --> 01:02:21,733 -Buffy Sainte-Marie nursing Cody on "Sesame Street" 1244 01:02:21,733 --> 01:02:26,500 is a story that will live on in perpetuity. 1245 01:02:26,500 --> 01:02:30,466 -Oh, that's a funny way to feed a baby. 1246 01:02:30,466 --> 01:02:33,300 -Oh, lots of mothers feed their babies this way. 1247 01:02:33,300 --> 01:02:36,033 Not all mothers, but lots of mothers do. 1248 01:02:36,033 --> 01:02:41,266 -She was the first woman to nurse on television, 1249 01:02:41,266 --> 01:02:43,233 and I think everybody 1250 01:02:43,233 --> 01:02:47,400 was very thrilled and excited to see that. 1251 01:02:47,400 --> 01:02:50,100 -Oh. -And it's good for him. 1252 01:02:50,100 --> 01:02:52,433 And I get to hug him when I do it, see? 1253 01:02:52,433 --> 01:02:53,766 -Ah. 1254 01:02:53,766 --> 01:02:55,366 -People sometimes ask me, they say, 1255 01:02:55,366 --> 01:02:56,766 "Well, you know, was it -- 1256 01:02:56,766 --> 01:02:58,266 oh, it must have been really controversial at the time." 1257 01:02:58,266 --> 01:02:59,900 And it wasn't. 1258 01:02:59,900 --> 01:03:01,833 It wasn't controversial at all. 1259 01:03:01,833 --> 01:03:05,166 To my knowledge, we didn't get any nasty mail about it. 1260 01:03:05,166 --> 01:03:07,033 But we do now. 1261 01:03:07,033 --> 01:03:09,300 You know, it's up on YouTube and somebody takes it down 1262 01:03:09,300 --> 01:03:11,666 and somebody puts it up and somebody takes it down. 1263 01:03:11,666 --> 01:03:15,066 So in more contemporary times, people have objected to it, 1264 01:03:15,066 --> 01:03:17,266 but at the time it was not controversial. 1265 01:03:17,266 --> 01:03:18,366 It was just wonderful. 1266 01:03:18,366 --> 01:03:20,633 And again, it gave me a chance 1267 01:03:20,633 --> 01:03:26,100 to reach 72 countries of the world with that message. 1268 01:03:26,100 --> 01:03:28,200 -You know, that's nice. 1269 01:03:28,200 --> 01:03:32,200 -♪ "C" is for Co-o-dy ♪ 1270 01:03:37,100 --> 01:03:39,600 I'd been living in Hawaii a long time, 1271 01:03:39,600 --> 01:03:44,733 and by 1981, my marriage with Sheldon Wolfchild was over. 1272 01:03:44,733 --> 01:03:48,666 And my friend Jack Nitzsche, who I had known in the '60s, 1273 01:03:48,666 --> 01:03:50,966 he couldn't come up with a theme for this movie 1274 01:03:50,966 --> 01:03:54,433 that he was scoring called "An Officer and a Gentleman." 1275 01:03:54,433 --> 01:03:58,533 And so I played him the melody for "Up Where We Belong." 1276 01:03:58,533 --> 01:03:59,900 [ Piano playing ] 1277 01:03:59,900 --> 01:04:04,666 And the doggone thing -- it just had a life of its own. 1278 01:04:04,666 --> 01:04:11,066 -♪ Who knows what tomorrow brings ♪ 1279 01:04:11,066 --> 01:04:17,066 ♪ In a world few hearts survive? ♪ 1280 01:04:18,166 --> 01:04:21,366 -She was a writer beyond just being a -- 1281 01:04:21,366 --> 01:04:25,100 people seeing her as a protest or, you know, 1282 01:04:25,100 --> 01:04:27,000 some sort of writer like that. 1283 01:04:27,000 --> 01:04:28,433 She was a musician, you know, 1284 01:04:28,433 --> 01:04:32,233 creative on any front that could work. 1285 01:04:32,233 --> 01:04:36,100 -♪ The road is long ♪ 1286 01:04:36,100 --> 01:04:38,400 -When I heard that song, 1287 01:04:38,400 --> 01:04:44,000 I recognized Joe Cocker doing Buffy's phrasing. 1288 01:04:44,000 --> 01:04:47,066 I could hear through him 1289 01:04:47,066 --> 01:04:51,566 Buffy's writing on that song, and I thought, "Wow." 1290 01:04:53,200 --> 01:04:56,733 -♪ Love lift us up where we belong ♪ 1291 01:04:56,733 --> 01:04:58,566 -And the winner is... 1292 01:04:58,566 --> 01:05:01,400 Jack Nitzsche, Buffy Sainte-Marie, and Will Jennings, 1293 01:05:01,400 --> 01:05:04,133 "Up Where We Belong," from "An Officer and a Gentleman." 1294 01:05:04,133 --> 01:05:05,633 [ Applause ] 1295 01:05:05,633 --> 01:05:08,366 -You have this moment where there's this enormous smash hit 1296 01:05:08,366 --> 01:05:12,633 that gets all kinds of recognition, wins an Oscar. 1297 01:05:12,633 --> 01:05:14,133 You knew she was a force. 1298 01:05:14,133 --> 01:05:16,300 She was a different kind of artist. 1299 01:05:16,300 --> 01:05:19,033 -♪ Up where the clear winds blow ♪ 1300 01:05:19,033 --> 01:05:21,933 -By that time, Jack and I were married, 1301 01:05:21,933 --> 01:05:26,066 and I totally respected Jack as a -- 1302 01:05:26,066 --> 01:05:27,933 He's just a musical genius, he really is. 1303 01:05:27,933 --> 01:05:31,733 He was quite different from everybody else, 1304 01:05:31,733 --> 01:05:34,533 but troubled  1305 01:05:31,733 --> 01:05:34,533 and troublesome. 1306 01:05:34,533 --> 01:05:38,566 And he knew that he was troublesome. 1307 01:05:38,566 --> 01:05:41,966 -The first time I met Jack, 1308 01:05:41,966 --> 01:05:46,200 I could feel this energy go up my back. 1309 01:05:46,200 --> 01:05:50,366 It was like I had a physical reaction to him. 1310 01:05:53,200 --> 01:05:57,066 I didn't understand then that it was probably the heroin. 1311 01:05:57,066 --> 01:06:02,066 ♪♪ 1312 01:06:02,066 --> 01:06:03,500 -When he was mad at me, you know, 1313 01:06:03,500 --> 01:06:07,600 he come down on the show-business side of me. 1314 01:06:07,600 --> 01:06:12,100 I was getting beat up in the car on the way to the Oscars. 1315 01:06:12,100 --> 01:06:14,800 How he's getting just really verbally tweaked. 1316 01:06:14,800 --> 01:06:17,133 [ Camera shutters clicking ] 1317 01:06:17,133 --> 01:06:21,933 He had a real problem with separation anxiety. 1318 01:06:21,933 --> 01:06:24,066 [ Laughing ] And if I were four inches away from him, 1319 01:06:24,066 --> 01:06:28,033 there'd be a -- there'd be serious trouble. 1320 01:06:28,033 --> 01:06:32,600 Even on stage at the Oscars, Jack was feeling really needy. 1321 01:06:32,600 --> 01:06:36,133 I just was not allowed to be in show business 1322 01:06:36,133 --> 01:06:37,966 after I got married. 1323 01:06:37,966 --> 01:06:41,766 It was kind of over for almost eight years. 1324 01:06:41,766 --> 01:06:45,700 I just kind of, uh... 1325 01:06:45,700 --> 01:06:49,000 I was there, but I didn't want to be there. 1326 01:06:49,000 --> 01:06:51,766 Years later, the final straw came one morning 1327 01:06:51,766 --> 01:06:54,000 when I was still asleep. 1328 01:06:54,000 --> 01:06:55,966 He did assault me. 1329 01:06:55,966 --> 01:07:00,166 He skin-popped me with heroin, 1330 01:07:00,166 --> 01:07:05,066 put a tiny needle of heroin just under my skin. 1331 01:07:05,066 --> 01:07:07,366 My body recognized the same feeling I'd had 1332 01:07:07,366 --> 01:07:10,300 when that doctor addicted me to codeine, 1333 01:07:10,300 --> 01:07:12,333 which is heroin's little sister. 1334 01:07:12,333 --> 01:07:16,233 [ "Bad End" plays ] 1335 01:07:16,233 --> 01:07:19,200 ♪ Mm-mm-mm ♪ 1336 01:07:20,866 --> 01:07:24,600 ♪ And there was a time I was okay ♪ 1337 01:07:26,333 --> 01:07:32,100 While I was in it, I thought, "Oh, I'm strong enough," 1338 01:07:32,100 --> 01:07:36,733 or, "I can be so good, it'll stabilize him." 1339 01:07:36,733 --> 01:07:40,033 And it wasn't good for me. 1340 01:07:40,033 --> 01:07:42,966 He was loving it, but I was hating it. 1341 01:07:42,966 --> 01:07:45,100 ♪ Now there's bruises in the bed at night ♪ 1342 01:07:45,100 --> 01:07:47,166 ♪ Needles in the drawer ♪ 1343 01:07:47,166 --> 01:07:48,600 ♪ Blood all in the mirror ♪ 1344 01:07:48,600 --> 01:07:50,233 ♪ And there's strangers at the door ♪ 1345 01:07:50,233 --> 01:07:51,866 ♪ I believe I... ♪ 1346 01:07:51,866 --> 01:07:54,800 And eventually I escaped at 4:00 in the morning, 1347 01:07:54,800 --> 01:07:56,700 thanks to my friend Kayle. 1348 01:07:56,700 --> 01:08:00,466 ♪♪ 1349 01:08:00,466 --> 01:08:04,033 ♪ Bad end ♪ 1350 01:08:04,033 --> 01:08:07,200 -I just remember her calling me in the middle of the night 1351 01:08:07,200 --> 01:08:09,233 and say, "It's time." 1352 01:08:09,233 --> 01:08:11,066 -♪ Oh, bad end ♪ 1353 01:08:11,066 --> 01:08:13,933 I had packed up a little suitcase for me and Cody, 1354 01:08:13,933 --> 01:08:17,666 and we went to the airport, and it was over. 1355 01:08:17,666 --> 01:08:20,133 That was just the end of that. 1356 01:08:20,133 --> 01:08:24,933 ♪♪ 1357 01:08:24,933 --> 01:08:29,033 ♪ I believe I'm coming to a bad end ♪ 1358 01:08:29,033 --> 01:08:37,600 ♪♪ 1359 01:08:37,600 --> 01:08:41,266 I grew up with real self-esteem problems, 1360 01:08:41,266 --> 01:08:45,533 real bad self-identity problems, 1361 01:08:45,533 --> 01:08:48,133 although in those times when I was a kid, I mean, 1362 01:08:48,133 --> 01:08:51,866 nobody had ever heard the phrase "child abuse." 1363 01:08:51,866 --> 01:08:54,200 You know, people didn't talk about child molesting. 1364 01:08:54,200 --> 01:08:56,700 -Were you molested as a child? -Yes. 1365 01:08:57,900 --> 01:09:00,000 -[ Crying ] 1366 01:09:00,000 --> 01:09:03,766 -I saw some really extreme things as a child. 1367 01:09:03,766 --> 01:09:07,333 -[ Crying ] 1368 01:09:07,333 --> 01:09:09,333 -There was abuse at home. 1369 01:09:09,333 --> 01:09:12,933 I was afraid to go home. 1370 01:09:12,933 --> 01:09:16,600 And there were pedophiles and bullies all over the place. 1371 01:09:16,600 --> 01:09:19,433 And I was a little girl. 1372 01:09:19,433 --> 01:09:22,933 And they were doing what they do, 1373 01:09:22,933 --> 01:09:24,233 you know, in secret. 1374 01:09:24,233 --> 01:09:27,166 And a lotof them did it 1375 01:09:27,166 --> 01:09:29,100 to one little girl or another. 1376 01:09:31,966 --> 01:09:33,666 And I also grew up with a brother 1377 01:09:33,666 --> 01:09:36,300 who was an absolute horror. 1378 01:09:36,300 --> 01:09:39,833 He was a sexual abuser, a brute. 1379 01:09:39,833 --> 01:09:42,133 [ Chuckles ] He even used to torture my toys. 1380 01:09:44,733 --> 01:09:48,066 My mom told me that someday I could have my own life 1381 01:09:48,066 --> 01:09:51,300 and then I could find out things for myself. 1382 01:09:51,300 --> 01:09:56,733 I could cut my own path, find my own way. 1383 01:09:56,733 --> 01:09:59,866 And she made it possible for me to go to college. 1384 01:09:59,866 --> 01:10:02,766 She always pointed to the light at the end of the tunnel. 1385 01:10:06,600 --> 01:10:08,333 -Buffy, is it challenging for you 1386 01:10:08,333 --> 01:10:12,533 to talk about early trauma, intimate-partner trauma? 1387 01:10:12,533 --> 01:10:14,033 Are these hard things to relive? 1388 01:10:14,033 --> 01:10:17,266 -No, it wasn't hard to relive, but the one thing 1389 01:10:17,266 --> 01:10:21,333 I think I may have learned is that throughout my life, 1390 01:10:21,333 --> 01:10:25,500 I think that I have lacked 1391 01:10:25,500 --> 01:10:29,000 a sense of when there is a predator around. 1392 01:10:29,000 --> 01:10:31,666 I think that was something that I was not allowed to learn, 1393 01:10:31,666 --> 01:10:35,500 because when a child is being abused and traumatized, 1394 01:10:35,500 --> 01:10:38,333 the word "no" only makes it worse. 1395 01:10:38,333 --> 01:10:40,266 So I think that's something 1396 01:10:40,266 --> 01:10:42,666 that I may be starting to learn -- 1397 01:10:42,666 --> 01:10:44,533 the scent of a predator. 1398 01:10:46,966 --> 01:10:56,966 ♪♪ 1399 01:10:56,966 --> 01:10:59,466 ♪ I'm thinking of love charms ♪ 1400 01:11:01,600 --> 01:11:04,533 Oh, I'm so glad you did it in Cree as well. 1401 01:11:04,533 --> 01:11:06,533 -Yeah. -Yeah. 1402 01:11:06,533 --> 01:11:09,200 I took 16 years off in the middle of my career 1403 01:11:09,200 --> 01:11:12,433 to be a mom and raise my son, Cody. 1404 01:11:12,433 --> 01:11:14,100 [ Chuckles ] He's now my neighbor. 1405 01:11:14,100 --> 01:11:17,100 He's real active online, makes his own music, 1406 01:11:17,100 --> 01:11:20,166 away from the spotlight. 1407 01:11:20,166 --> 01:11:22,800 And so I was kind of persona non grata 1408 01:11:22,800 --> 01:11:24,566 in a lot of corners of show business. 1409 01:11:24,566 --> 01:11:26,866 They'd forgotten about me. 1410 01:11:26,866 --> 01:11:30,800 And I started doing digital art. 1411 01:11:30,800 --> 01:11:34,300 This is called "Force." She was forced to dance. 1412 01:11:34,300 --> 01:11:36,900 And it comes from a story that I wrote about this woman 1413 01:11:36,900 --> 01:11:41,733 who was being manipulated by the boys in the group, 1414 01:11:41,733 --> 01:11:44,733 and, see, her hands are tied behind her back. 1415 01:11:44,733 --> 01:11:46,600 She's looking away. 1416 01:11:46,600 --> 01:11:50,800 And here is Spider woman. 1417 01:11:50,800 --> 01:11:54,666 When I look back on some of my paintings, you know, 1418 01:11:54,666 --> 01:11:57,900 some of them are as emotional as my songs. 1419 01:11:57,900 --> 01:12:02,700 And these things that I was doing by myself as an artist, 1420 01:12:02,700 --> 01:12:05,633 I remember every bit of how personal it was, 1421 01:12:05,633 --> 01:12:10,400 how many people are involved in that one painting. 1422 01:12:10,400 --> 01:12:14,233 So Spider Woman represents the sacred feminine 1423 01:12:14,233 --> 01:12:17,500 that can undo things if you if -- you allow it. 1424 01:12:17,500 --> 01:12:20,666 You know, you can be like this, but eventually 1425 01:12:20,666 --> 01:12:26,066 you have your potential and your agency again. 1426 01:12:27,366 --> 01:12:30,733 [ Dial tone, phone dialing  ] 1427 01:12:30,733 --> 01:12:33,233 [ Modem beeping and whirring  ] 1428 01:12:33,233 --> 01:12:37,166 [ "Starwalker" playing  ] 1429 01:12:37,166 --> 01:12:40,533 -♪ Hey, hey, hey, hey-o, hey, hey, hey, hey ♪ 1430 01:12:40,533 --> 01:12:44,300 ♪ Hey, hey, hey, hey-a, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey ♪ 1431 01:12:44,300 --> 01:12:47,366 ♪ Hey, hey, hey ♪ 1432 01:12:49,166 --> 01:12:53,966 I got my first Macintosh in 1984. 1433 01:12:53,966 --> 01:12:57,666 It was 128K. That's how much memory it had. 1434 01:12:57,666 --> 01:13:00,933 And I hadn't recorded for a long time. 1435 01:13:00,933 --> 01:13:04,333 But I was writing all these songs. 1436 01:13:04,333 --> 01:13:07,333 And a little label called Ensign, 1437 01:13:07,333 --> 01:13:10,700 they asked if I was interested in making a record. 1438 01:13:10,700 --> 01:13:12,633 I said, "Well, yeah, but if I do, 1439 01:13:12,633 --> 01:13:15,500 I don't want to go to England and make a record." 1440 01:13:15,500 --> 01:13:19,000 So they had a guy named Chris Birkett 1441 01:13:19,000 --> 01:13:21,966 who was also using computers. 1442 01:13:21,966 --> 01:13:24,866 -Buffy said, "Well, the thing is, uh, 1443 01:13:24,866 --> 01:13:27,333 I live in Hawaii and you live in London, Chris. 1444 01:13:27,333 --> 01:13:29,300 And I don't want to be coming over here all the time. 1445 01:13:29,300 --> 01:13:31,200 And I'm sure you don't want to be flying to Hawaii 1446 01:13:31,200 --> 01:13:33,666 all the time to make this record. 1447 01:13:33,666 --> 01:13:36,800 How -- Do you think there's another way of starting it." 1448 01:13:36,800 --> 01:13:38,700 -Okay, hear that going down? "Ahhh." 1449 01:13:38,700 --> 01:13:40,266 I want to trim that off, 1450 01:13:40,266 --> 01:13:42,633 so I know I don't need that much. 1451 01:13:42,633 --> 01:13:47,433 So all of my MIDI parts, we created them in my studio 1452 01:13:47,433 --> 01:13:50,133 and then we sent them down the phone lines, 1453 01:13:50,133 --> 01:13:54,033 and Chris worked to inhale what I was sending. 1454 01:13:54,033 --> 01:13:55,566 And the album turned out to be 1455 01:13:55,566 --> 01:13:57,466 "Coincidence and Likely Stories." 1456 01:13:57,466 --> 01:13:58,933 ♪ I'm going home ♪ 1457 01:13:58,933 --> 01:14:02,066 -♪ Hey, hey, a-ya, hey-a, a-ha-ya ♪ 1458 01:14:02,066 --> 01:14:04,300 ♪ Hey-a, hey-a, hey-a ♪ 1459 01:14:04,300 --> 01:14:06,133 -In those days, it was revolutionary, 1460 01:14:06,133 --> 01:14:08,466 you know, swapping files by Internet. 1461 01:14:08,466 --> 01:14:11,766 Me and Buffy were the pioneers in digital communication. 1462 01:14:11,766 --> 01:14:14,233 -♪ That's where the heart rests ♪ 1463 01:14:14,233 --> 01:14:16,033 -What? A folksinger's doing that? 1464 01:14:16,033 --> 01:14:17,766 And it worked perfectly. 1465 01:14:17,766 --> 01:14:20,300 Way ahead of its time. Way ahead of its time. 1466 01:14:20,300 --> 01:14:22,533 And that's the kind of fearlessness 1467 01:14:22,533 --> 01:14:24,900 that I think most people couldn't do, 1468 01:14:24,900 --> 01:14:26,400 most people couldn't do. 1469 01:14:26,400 --> 01:14:28,133 -It was Buffy's reemergence 1470 01:14:28,133 --> 01:14:30,833 into being a creative player again. 1471 01:14:30,833 --> 01:14:32,566 -♪ Hey-a, hey-a, hey-a ♪ 1472 01:14:32,566 --> 01:14:35,633 -♪ I'm going home ♪ 1473 01:14:35,633 --> 01:14:37,200 ♪♪ 1474 01:14:37,200 --> 01:14:39,900 Whoo! 1475 01:14:40,433 --> 01:14:42,266 [ Indistinct conversations ] 1476 01:14:45,166 --> 01:14:47,300 -Whoo! -Whoo-whoo! 1477 01:14:47,300 --> 01:14:49,300 -Oh, there we go. 1478 01:14:51,500 --> 01:14:54,466 [ Audience murmuring ] 1479 01:14:59,033 --> 01:15:01,333 [ Laughs ] 1480 01:15:01,333 --> 01:15:03,400 [ Laughter and applause ] 1481 01:15:07,933 --> 01:15:09,733 Wait a minute. Now, I'm a teacher, 1482 01:15:09,733 --> 01:15:12,533 and you don't get mad at anybody for not knowing. 1483 01:15:12,533 --> 01:15:14,633 That's why we're here. [ Laughs ] 1484 01:15:14,633 --> 01:15:17,800 [ Cheers and applause ] 1485 01:15:17,800 --> 01:15:19,433 Thank you for asking. 1486 01:15:19,433 --> 01:15:22,266 The red dress is is in honor 1487 01:15:22,266 --> 01:15:25,800 of missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls. 1488 01:15:25,800 --> 01:15:29,400 [ Cheers and applause ] 1489 01:15:33,033 --> 01:15:36,100 It's a Jaime Black idea, and it's in honor 1490 01:15:36,100 --> 01:15:38,900 of all the people who are working to make things better 1491 01:15:38,900 --> 01:15:43,400 in that area of -- [chuckles] 1492 01:15:43,400 --> 01:15:45,700 of human bone-headedness. 1493 01:15:45,700 --> 01:15:48,066 [ Applause ] 1494 01:15:48,066 --> 01:15:51,400 Jaime Black -- an artist -- 1495 01:15:51,400 --> 01:15:55,333 she came up with the idea of red dresses 1496 01:15:55,333 --> 01:15:58,000 hanging in the trees, in photographs 1497 01:15:58,000 --> 01:16:01,233 and, you know, imagery, 1498 01:16:01,233 --> 01:16:05,200 helping to carry that idea forward 1499 01:16:05,200 --> 01:16:08,200 and letting people know about missing and murdered 1500 01:16:08,200 --> 01:16:09,933 Indigenous women and girls. 1501 01:16:09,933 --> 01:16:15,333 ♪ Lo, how to dream tree is sighing and shaking ♪ 1502 01:16:15,333 --> 01:16:19,900 ♪ Pretty dreams fall down on thee ♪ 1503 01:16:19,900 --> 01:16:24,466 ♪ Oh, how my poor heart is crying and aching ♪ 1504 01:16:24,466 --> 01:16:27,233 -5,203. 1505 01:16:27,233 --> 01:16:29,733 That's how many Indigenous women and girls 1506 01:16:29,733 --> 01:16:34,333 were reported missing to the FBI in 2021. 1507 01:16:34,333 --> 01:16:37,366 That is two and a half times higher than any other race... 1508 01:16:37,366 --> 01:16:40,400 -...final report that violence against Indigenous women 1509 01:16:40,400 --> 01:16:43,133 and girls amounts to what the commissioners call 1510 01:16:43,133 --> 01:16:45,900 a Canadian genocide. 1511 01:16:45,900 --> 01:16:50,366 -♪ Many the candle to stand and be burned ♪ 1512 01:16:50,366 --> 01:16:55,533 -We know that one in three Native women in North America 1513 01:16:55,533 --> 01:16:58,633 will be raped, abused, 1514 01:16:58,633 --> 01:17:00,533 an act of violence committed against them. 1515 01:17:00,533 --> 01:17:05,133 One in three, by a non-Native perpetrator, at that. 1516 01:17:05,133 --> 01:17:08,600 -We are still here! We are still here! 1517 01:17:08,600 --> 01:17:12,200 -It's not even a PTSD. It's an ongoing stress 1518 01:17:12,200 --> 01:17:15,066 in community, you know, because you see what happens. 1519 01:17:15,066 --> 01:17:17,966 -We are still here! We are still here! 1520 01:17:17,966 --> 01:17:19,800 -This isn't a new problem. 1521 01:17:19,800 --> 01:17:21,933 This has been going on for 500 years. 1522 01:17:21,933 --> 01:17:24,466 ♪ Heart is crying and aching ♪ 1523 01:17:24,466 --> 01:17:28,033 It's part slavery, part prostitution, 1524 01:17:28,033 --> 01:17:29,366 all -- all bad. 1525 01:17:29,366 --> 01:17:31,666 It's not voluntary. 1526 01:17:31,666 --> 01:17:33,400 [ Crowd singing ] 1527 01:17:33,400 --> 01:17:38,066 And it all originates with this damn Doctrine of Discovery. 1528 01:17:40,033 --> 01:17:44,233 The Doctrine of Discovery -- it's a bulletin from the Pope 1529 01:17:44,233 --> 01:17:46,600 that lets you know what God really wants. 1530 01:17:46,600 --> 01:17:52,433 And they declared that if explorers may come across 1531 01:17:52,433 --> 01:17:56,400 an inhabited land, 1532 01:17:56,400 --> 01:17:58,566 if they're not Christians, 1533 01:17:58,566 --> 01:18:01,200 you're supposed to kill them or enslave them. 1534 01:18:01,200 --> 01:18:04,700 You can enslave them if they promise to become Christians. 1535 01:18:04,700 --> 01:18:09,600 Otherwise you kill them and you take the land, 1536 01:18:09,600 --> 01:18:12,366 you know, for us. 1537 01:18:12,366 --> 01:18:15,200 In Canada, in the U.S., 1538 01:18:15,200 --> 01:18:18,200 those laws are still in place now. 1539 01:18:18,200 --> 01:18:20,900 [ Piano playing ] 1540 01:18:20,900 --> 01:18:25,466 ♪ They took me from my Indian nation ♪ 1541 01:18:25,466 --> 01:18:29,466 ♪ Tied me with a rope ♪ 1542 01:18:29,466 --> 01:18:33,533 ♪ They put me on a reservation ♪ 1543 01:18:33,533 --> 01:18:35,466 ♪ Denied me any hope ♪ 1544 01:18:35,466 --> 01:18:40,366 ♪ I am on the bottom of the pile in my own country ♪ 1545 01:18:42,833 --> 01:18:46,666 But you know how -- the way I feel about it? 1546 01:18:46,666 --> 01:18:51,466 It's really hard for non-Indigenous people 1547 01:18:51,466 --> 01:18:53,700 to be dealing with even dealing with truth 1548 01:18:53,700 --> 01:18:56,566 and reconciliation about the residential schools. 1549 01:18:56,566 --> 01:18:59,933 So I hesitate to bring up... 1550 01:18:59,933 --> 01:19:02,966 slavery... 1551 01:19:02,966 --> 01:19:04,600 until the time is right. 1552 01:19:04,600 --> 01:19:07,666 I mean, maybe the time is now. I keep talking about it. 1553 01:19:07,666 --> 01:19:13,100 But I do have hopes that the Doctrine of Discovery 1554 01:19:13,100 --> 01:19:18,000 will be -- just make it go away. 1555 01:19:18,000 --> 01:19:19,166 I do have hope. 1556 01:19:19,166 --> 01:19:23,866 ♪ I think about our future generations ♪ 1557 01:19:23,866 --> 01:19:27,233 ♪ Babies yet unborn ♪ 1558 01:19:27,233 --> 01:19:30,533 -I hope that the world will be able to -- 1559 01:19:30,533 --> 01:19:33,400 will have the palate to hear the message, 1560 01:19:33,400 --> 01:19:37,166 because I don't think it's a message of trying to 1561 01:19:37,166 --> 01:19:40,033 invoke any sense of guilt. 1562 01:19:40,033 --> 01:19:41,600 You know, but I think too many people 1563 01:19:41,600 --> 01:19:44,800 are afraid that we want retribution. 1564 01:19:44,800 --> 01:19:47,400 And that is just such a short-sighted view 1565 01:19:47,400 --> 01:19:52,466 of any kind of Indigenous value or knowledge. 1566 01:19:52,466 --> 01:19:54,733 -♪ Walk in balance ♪ 1567 01:19:54,733 --> 01:19:58,933 [ Speaks native language ] 1568 01:19:58,933 --> 01:20:02,033 [ Cheering in distance ] 1569 01:20:02,033 --> 01:20:06,000 ♪♪ 1570 01:20:06,000 --> 01:20:08,300 [ "Power in the Blood" plays ] 1571 01:20:08,300 --> 01:20:10,466 ♪♪ 1572 01:20:10,466 --> 01:20:12,533 -♪ Power in the blood ♪ 1573 01:20:12,533 --> 01:20:14,666 -Welcome to the 11th annual 1574 01:20:14,666 --> 01:20:17,300 Polaris Music Prize Gala, everybody. 1575 01:20:17,300 --> 01:20:18,233 How you feeling? 1576 01:20:18,233 --> 01:20:21,066 [ Cheers and applause ] 1577 01:20:21,066 --> 01:20:24,400 -When I made "Power in the Blood" in Canada, 1578 01:20:24,400 --> 01:20:26,600 I guess people would consider it a comeback 1579 01:20:26,600 --> 01:20:28,200 because what it was a comeback to, 1580 01:20:28,200 --> 01:20:30,466 it was like a comeback to the bank. [ Laughs ] 1581 01:20:30,466 --> 01:20:33,366 ♪ Power in the blood ♪ 1582 01:20:33,366 --> 01:20:34,966 -♪ Power in the blood ♪ 1583 01:20:34,966 --> 01:20:36,566 -And people really liked it. 1584 01:20:36,566 --> 01:20:38,933 It wound up winning the Polaris Prize. 1585 01:20:38,933 --> 01:20:42,366 ♪ No time for spin doctors' medicine ♪ 1586 01:20:42,366 --> 01:20:46,433 ♪ Corporation, government selling me some cover-up ♪ 1587 01:20:46,433 --> 01:20:49,366 -Drake was up for the award as well as some other people. 1588 01:20:49,366 --> 01:20:50,633 Buffy really didn't -- 1589 01:20:50,633 --> 01:20:53,766 I don't think she expected to get the prize, 1590 01:20:53,766 --> 01:20:56,300 and so she was just kind of overwhelmed. 1591 01:20:56,300 --> 01:20:58,233 [ Cheers and applause ] 1592 01:20:58,233 --> 01:21:02,433 ♪♪ 1593 01:21:02,433 --> 01:21:05,000 -We recorded -- it was at Orange Lounge. 1594 01:21:05,000 --> 01:21:06,566 It's a studio in Toronto, 1595 01:21:06,566 --> 01:21:11,533 and it's up maybe five, six flights of steps. 1596 01:21:11,533 --> 01:21:15,300 And she [laughs] kind of bolts up the steps, 1597 01:21:15,300 --> 01:21:17,133 not out of breath at all, 1598 01:21:17,133 --> 01:21:21,733 and just has this incredible burst of sunshine energy 1599 01:21:21,733 --> 01:21:23,866 just beaming at you. 1600 01:21:23,866 --> 01:21:26,933 And that energy did not end. 1601 01:21:26,933 --> 01:21:30,200 -♪ No time for backhanded compliments ♪ 1602 01:21:30,200 --> 01:21:31,333 -It was amazing. 1603 01:21:31,333 --> 01:21:33,033 Coming out with this album, you know, 1604 01:21:33,033 --> 01:21:35,733 that is still relevant and, like, 1605 01:21:35,733 --> 01:21:37,233 crushing everything that year, you know, 1606 01:21:37,233 --> 01:21:40,366 like, it was just -- your day's not over until you say it is. 1607 01:21:40,366 --> 01:21:42,333 -♪ No, no, no to war ♪ 1608 01:21:42,333 --> 01:21:46,700 ♪♪ 1609 01:21:46,700 --> 01:21:51,100 -Like that first ripple in the water, 1610 01:21:51,100 --> 01:21:53,100 the rest of us become these echoes. 1611 01:21:53,100 --> 01:21:54,433 ♪♪ 1612 01:21:54,433 --> 01:21:56,666 -♪ No, no, no to war ♪ 1613 01:21:56,666 --> 01:21:58,766 [ Cheers and applause ] 1614 01:21:58,766 --> 01:22:01,600 My proudest moment wasn't when I [chuckles] -- 1615 01:22:01,600 --> 01:22:03,933 when I received my award. 1616 01:22:03,933 --> 01:22:05,866 It was when I found out years later 1617 01:22:05,866 --> 01:22:08,900 that one of my very early scholarship recipients 1618 01:22:08,900 --> 01:22:13,900 went on to be the the founder and president 1619 01:22:13,900 --> 01:22:15,600 of a tribal college. 1620 01:22:15,600 --> 01:22:20,166 I mean, to do some little thing as an individual 1621 01:22:20,166 --> 01:22:24,200 and to see some little thing that you do, 1622 01:22:24,200 --> 01:22:27,033 you give to somebody else in the grassroots, 1623 01:22:27,033 --> 01:22:31,100 and they maximize it to a degree 1624 01:22:31,100 --> 01:22:33,500 that I never even would have imagined. 1625 01:22:33,500 --> 01:22:37,800 ♪♪ 1626 01:22:37,800 --> 01:22:39,133 ♪ We are circling ♪ 1627 01:22:39,133 --> 01:22:43,166 I've always cared a lot about young people in education. 1628 01:22:43,166 --> 01:22:44,733 Visiting so many reservations, 1629 01:22:44,733 --> 01:22:47,133 I saw that most Indigenous high school students 1630 01:22:47,133 --> 01:22:50,066 didn't know how to negotiate the path to college. 1631 01:22:50,066 --> 01:22:52,200 So I created the Nihewan Foundation 1632 01:22:52,200 --> 01:22:55,266 for Native American Education. 1633 01:22:55,266 --> 01:22:57,133 At first all I did was give scholarships. 1634 01:22:57,133 --> 01:22:59,300 But by the 1980s, 1635 01:22:59,300 --> 01:23:02,566 I expanded to create an entirely new curriculum 1636 01:23:02,566 --> 01:23:06,100 through Indigenous eyes, and I shared it with Indian 1637 01:23:06,100 --> 01:23:10,200 and non-Indian schools in 18 states and 2 provinces. 1638 01:23:10,200 --> 01:23:13,266 This was called the CradleBoard Teaching Project. 1639 01:23:13,266 --> 01:23:14,233 You're on the way. 1640 01:23:14,233 --> 01:23:16,633 My newest project, Creative Native, 1641 01:23:16,633 --> 01:23:19,666 is designed to teach students in reservation communities 1642 01:23:19,666 --> 01:23:22,433 the skills needed to have a career in the arts. 1643 01:23:22,433 --> 01:23:24,766 ♪ We are circling, circling ♪ 1644 01:23:24,766 --> 01:23:27,066 My whole life, I've wished there was somebody in the world 1645 01:23:27,066 --> 01:23:29,833 like me interested in this stuff -- 1646 01:23:29,833 --> 01:23:33,233 music, indigeneity, and art. 1647 01:23:33,233 --> 01:23:35,333 So I tried to build one. 1648 01:23:35,333 --> 01:23:38,233 And now there is. 1649 01:23:38,233 --> 01:23:41,700 So, again, that circles back to something I say a lot. 1650 01:23:41,700 --> 01:23:44,266 Some will tell you what you really want 1651 01:23:44,266 --> 01:23:45,666 ain't on the menus. 1652 01:23:45,666 --> 01:23:47,433 Don't believe them! 1653 01:23:47,433 --> 01:23:49,433 Cook it up yourself 1654 01:23:49,433 --> 01:23:52,200 and then prepare to serve them. 1655 01:23:52,200 --> 01:23:54,066 ♪ This is harmony ♪ 1656 01:23:54,066 --> 01:23:56,566 I'm pretty happy with my life. 1657 01:23:56,566 --> 01:23:58,466 You know, I've had some hard times, 1658 01:23:58,466 --> 01:24:03,600 but a lot of my personal and artistic dreams 1659 01:24:03,600 --> 01:24:05,300 have come true. 1660 01:24:05,300 --> 01:24:08,933 And to be able to look backwards at how it braids together, 1661 01:24:08,933 --> 01:24:10,766 you know, it's like a sweetgrass braid. 1662 01:24:10,766 --> 01:24:13,400 Ah! 1663 01:24:13,400 --> 01:24:14,900 -She's this Renaissance woman. 1664 01:24:14,900 --> 01:24:18,533 She is just -- you can't just say she's one thing. 1665 01:24:18,533 --> 01:24:24,200 And her focus on really breaking the colonial cycle 1666 01:24:24,200 --> 01:24:26,533 and really deconstructing that -- 1667 01:24:26,533 --> 01:24:29,333 like, before decolonization was a word, 1668 01:24:29,333 --> 01:24:31,366 she was doing it in practice. 1669 01:24:31,366 --> 01:24:33,866 ♪♪ 1670 01:24:33,866 --> 01:24:36,866 -I think Buffy's legacy 1671 01:24:36,866 --> 01:24:42,233 is generation to generation to generation 1672 01:24:42,233 --> 01:24:45,200 to generation and beyond. 1673 01:24:45,200 --> 01:24:49,833 And it's gonna take us to places that we need to be. 1674 01:24:49,833 --> 01:24:51,866 And it's gonna be taking us to places 1675 01:24:51,866 --> 01:24:57,033 that we will be thankful that we are there. 1676 01:24:57,033 --> 01:25:00,866 And I think that comes to each person in their own way. 1677 01:25:05,800 --> 01:25:09,200 ♪♪ 1678 01:25:09,200 --> 01:25:10,633 [ Applause ] 1679 01:25:10,633 --> 01:25:13,766 -Buffy Sainte-Marie's artistry, 1680 01:25:13,766 --> 01:25:16,466 humanitarian efforts, and leadership 1681 01:25:16,466 --> 01:25:19,933 have made her an icon in the entertainment industry. 1682 01:25:19,933 --> 01:25:22,633 She was the first Indigenous person 1683 01:25:22,633 --> 01:25:25,000 and is the only Native American person to date 1684 01:25:25,000 --> 01:25:26,733 to win a competitive Oscar 1685 01:25:26,733 --> 01:25:30,100 for co-writing the song "Up Where We Belong." 1686 01:25:30,100 --> 01:25:32,266 [ Applause ] 1687 01:25:34,966 --> 01:25:36,566 -That's really, really very nice. 1688 01:25:36,566 --> 01:25:39,100 You know, personally, it's a thrill. 1689 01:25:39,100 --> 01:25:40,900 But I've been lonesome. 1690 01:25:40,900 --> 01:25:42,633 I mean, for all these years, 1691 01:25:42,633 --> 01:25:46,400 I've been the only Indigenous person to win an Oscar. 1692 01:25:46,400 --> 01:25:48,466 And that felt funny. 1693 01:25:48,466 --> 01:25:50,300 And you're saying, "Wait a minute. 1694 01:25:50,300 --> 01:25:51,933 Yeah, I've got this, but..." 1695 01:25:51,933 --> 01:25:54,300 It's really about being effective. 1696 01:25:54,300 --> 01:25:57,700 And I was just thrilled 1697 01:25:57,700 --> 01:26:01,900 and have used the fact that I have an Oscar 1698 01:26:01,900 --> 01:26:05,033 in ways to try and make something happen. 1699 01:26:05,033 --> 01:26:07,633 [ Applause ] 1700 01:26:07,633 --> 01:26:12,000 [ "Carry It On" plays ] 1701 01:26:12,000 --> 01:26:14,000 ♪ Hold your head up ♪ 1702 01:26:14,000 --> 01:26:15,733 ♪ Lift the top of your mind ♪ 1703 01:26:15,733 --> 01:26:17,566 ♪ Put your eyes on the Earth ♪ 1704 01:26:17,566 --> 01:26:21,200 ♪ Lift your heart to your own home planet ♪ 1705 01:26:21,200 --> 01:26:24,800 -Buffy's willingness to speak truth to power 1706 01:26:24,800 --> 01:26:30,933 has given all of us the presence of mind that we can do this. 1707 01:26:30,933 --> 01:26:35,100 -♪ And you will see we are only here by the skin of our teeth ♪ 1708 01:26:35,100 --> 01:26:37,833 -Buffy is in every chord that I play 1709 01:26:37,833 --> 01:26:40,000 and embodied in every note that I sing. 1710 01:26:40,000 --> 01:26:42,000 She's helped so many young artists. 1711 01:26:42,000 --> 01:26:44,766 -♪ Carry it on ♪ -♪ We're saying ♪ 1712 01:26:44,766 --> 01:26:48,066 -Oh, carry it on ♪ -♪ Keep playing ♪ 1713 01:26:48,066 --> 01:26:51,100 -Her legacy will be her albums, you know? 1714 01:26:51,100 --> 01:26:54,200 I don't think it's so important to remember us 1715 01:26:54,200 --> 01:26:58,566 as it is to remember the work 1716 01:26:58,566 --> 01:27:01,166 and keep on keeping on. [ Laughs ] 1717 01:27:08,000 --> 01:27:12,833 -Her legacy will be to promote self-awareness, 1718 01:27:12,833 --> 01:27:15,666 pride in our own Creeness. 1719 01:27:15,666 --> 01:27:17,966 That  1720 01:27:15,666 --> 01:27:17,966 will be her legacy. 1721 01:27:17,966 --> 01:27:21,333 -♪ Mother Nature, she's the daughter of God ♪ 1722 01:27:21,333 --> 01:27:25,100 ♪ And the source of all protection ♪ 1723 01:27:25,100 --> 01:27:28,166 -Buffy's career wasn't just about Buffy. 1724 01:27:28,166 --> 01:27:31,466 If you can go down in history as being ultra successful, 1725 01:27:31,466 --> 01:27:34,566 and people still remember you as fighting for them, 1726 01:27:34,566 --> 01:27:37,166 that's maybe the greatest thing you can ever be. 1727 01:27:37,166 --> 01:27:41,566 -♪ Oh, carry it on ♪ -♪ Keep saying ♪ 1728 01:27:41,566 --> 01:27:43,166 -My sister -- 1729 01:27:43,166 --> 01:27:46,700 I will always and forever love her. 1730 01:27:46,700 --> 01:27:48,866 And they can't take that away. 1731 01:27:48,866 --> 01:27:51,866 -♪ Oh, carry it on ♪ 1732 01:27:51,866 --> 01:27:53,600 ♪♪ 1733 01:27:53,600 --> 01:27:55,033 -♪ Carry it on ♪ 1734 01:27:55,033 --> 01:28:00,400 -Witnessing Buffy's work, not only as an artist, musician, 1735 01:28:00,400 --> 01:28:03,100 mother, but activist, 1736 01:28:03,100 --> 01:28:07,833 I think is just -- it's quite profound. 1737 01:28:07,833 --> 01:28:09,366 -♪ Oh, carry it on ♪ 1738 01:28:09,366 --> 01:28:11,300 -We can be half the person she is. 1739 01:28:11,300 --> 01:28:12,433 [ Laughs ] 1740 01:28:12,433 --> 01:28:16,100 -♪ Carry it on ♪ -♪ I'm praying ♪ 1741 01:28:16,100 --> 01:28:19,100 ♪ Carry it on ♪ 1742 01:28:19,100 --> 01:28:24,500 ♪♪ 1743 01:28:24,500 --> 01:28:26,900 [ Cheers and applause ] 1744 01:28:28,433 --> 01:28:31,166 Um... 1745 01:28:31,166 --> 01:28:32,733 What else? 1746 01:28:34,066 --> 01:28:35,933 [ "Starwalker" playing ] 1747 01:28:35,933 --> 01:28:38,433 -♪ Hey, hey, oh, hey, hey, hey, hey ♪ 1748 01:28:38,433 --> 01:28:44,466 ♪ Hey-a, hey-a, hey-a, hey-a, hey-a, hey-a ♪ 1749 01:28:45,533 --> 01:28:48,400 ♪ Hey, hey, hey, hey ♪ 1750 01:28:48,400 --> 01:28:52,000 ♪ Starwalker, he's a friend of mine ♪ 1751 01:28:52,000 --> 01:28:54,933 ♪ You've seen him looking fine ♪ 1752 01:28:54,933 --> 01:28:56,666 ♪ He's a, a straight talker, ♪ 1753 01:28:56,666 --> 01:28:58,466 ♪ He's a, a star walker ♪ 1754 01:28:58,466 --> 01:29:00,933 ♪ Don't drink no wine ♪ 1755 01:29:00,933 --> 01:29:03,133 ♪ Hey, oh, hey, oh, hey ♪ 1756 01:29:03,133 --> 01:29:06,733 ♪ Wolf Rider she's a friend of yours ♪ 1757 01:29:06,733 --> 01:29:09,533 ♪ You've seen her opening doors ♪ 1758 01:29:09,533 --> 01:29:13,233 ♪ She's a history turner, she's a sweetgrass burner ♪ 1759 01:29:13,233 --> 01:29:15,666 ♪ And a, a dog soldier ♪ 1760 01:29:15,666 --> 01:29:17,900 ♪ Hey, oh, hey, hey, oh ♪ 1761 01:29:17,900 --> 01:29:21,533 ♪ Holy light, guard the night ♪ 1762 01:29:21,533 --> 01:29:25,066 ♪ Pray up your medicine song, oh ♪ 1763 01:29:25,066 --> 01:29:28,033 ♪ Stake dealer you're a, a spirit healer ♪ 1764 01:29:28,033 --> 01:29:31,400 ♪ Keep going on, hey, hey, oh, hey ♪ 1765 01:29:31,400 --> 01:29:32,733 ♪♪