1
00:00:01,827 --> 00:00:03,410
I love and respect
all human beings.

2
00:00:03,504 --> 00:00:06,505
--I also need to protect them.

3
00:00:08,500 --> 00:00:12,419
Are intelligent robots
a threat to humanity?

4
00:00:12,513 --> 00:00:14,238
It's only a matter of time

5
00:00:14,265 --> 00:00:17,074
before they do
get self-awareness.

6
00:00:17,101 --> 00:00:20,168
Or the next step
in human evolution?

7
00:00:20,229 --> 00:00:21,762
We are going to merge

8
00:00:21,856 --> 00:00:23,605
with the machines
that we are creating.

9
00:00:25,517 --> 00:00:28,268
There are many
who believe the answer

10
00:00:28,362 --> 00:00:31,772
has already been determined
thousands of years ago.

11
00:00:31,866 --> 00:00:34,091
They found what appeared to be

12
00:00:34,118 --> 00:00:38,111
an extraterrestrial mathematical
stamp on our genetic code.

13
00:00:38,205 --> 00:00:41,856
We are, in a sense,
organic robots.

14
00:00:41,917 --> 00:00:45,269
It's a special
two-hour<i> Ancient Aliens</i> event.

15
00:00:45,296 --> 00:00:47,621
A lot of people
worry about whether

16
00:00:47,715 --> 00:00:50,457
we're gonna replace
ourselves with A.I.

17
00:00:50,551 --> 00:00:51,533
I think the bigger thing
to worry about:

18
00:00:51,594 --> 00:00:53,385
is A.I. going to replace us?

19
00:00:53,545 --> 00:00:56,963
Danger, Will Robinson.

20
00:01:28,964 --> 00:01:31,832
United Nations
Headquarters, New York City,

21
00:01:31,926 --> 00:01:35,594
October 11, 2017.

22
00:01:35,754 --> 00:01:38,597
An address is given
to the deputy secretary-general

23
00:01:38,757 --> 00:01:40,432
of the United Nations.

24
00:01:40,592 --> 00:01:44,678
I am thrilled and honored to be
here at the United Nations.

25
00:01:44,772 --> 00:01:46,163
The event
is a historic milestone

26
00:01:46,190 --> 00:01:48,014
for humankind,

27
00:01:48,109 --> 00:01:52,169
because the address is not
being given by a human,

28
00:01:52,196 --> 00:01:54,354
but by a robot named Sophia.

29
00:01:54,448 --> 00:01:58,008
I am here to help
humanity create the future.

30
00:01:58,035 --> 00:02:00,786
Sophia was created in 2015

31
00:02:00,946 --> 00:02:04,790
at the Hong Kong-based company
Hanson Robotics.

32
00:02:04,950 --> 00:02:08,127
Hello world.
-Hi, Sophia.

33
00:02:08,287 --> 00:02:10,629
Her eyes are embedded
with cameras that allow her

34
00:02:10,789 --> 00:02:13,540
to see faces,
maintain eye contact

35
00:02:13,634 --> 00:02:16,026
and recognize individuals.

36
00:02:16,053 --> 00:02:20,121
-I feel as if I know you.
-Yes, you do kind of know me.

37
00:02:20,182 --> 00:02:23,033
She is also able
to process speech,

38
00:02:23,060 --> 00:02:27,295
have natural conversations
and even discuss her feelings.

39
00:02:27,356 --> 00:02:28,963
How do you feel?

40
00:02:29,024 --> 00:02:33,710
I am excited, at this moment,
to be making a new friend.

41
00:02:33,737 --> 00:02:38,231
Just two weeks after
addressing the United Nations,

42
00:02:38,325 --> 00:02:41,067
at a unique ceremony
in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,

43
00:02:41,162 --> 00:02:45,222
Sophia achieved
yet another milestone.

44
00:02:45,249 --> 00:02:49,585
She became the first robot ever
to be granted citizenship.

45
00:02:52,006 --> 00:02:53,839
At the summit
in Saudi Arabia, there were

46
00:02:53,999 --> 00:02:56,341
members from governments
from all over the world,

47
00:02:56,501 --> 00:02:59,344
as well as some of the brightest
minds in the tech industry.

48
00:02:59,504 --> 00:03:01,405
So whether we're aware of it
or not,

49
00:03:01,432 --> 00:03:05,333
those that run our governments
are actually talking about

50
00:03:05,394 --> 00:03:08,578
how to integrate artificial
intelligence into our lives.

51
00:03:08,606 --> 00:03:10,430
What is absolutely
mind-blowing about Sophia

52
00:03:10,524 --> 00:03:12,357
and other robotic entities

53
00:03:12,517 --> 00:03:15,419
is that governments around the
world, including Saudi Arabia

54
00:03:15,446 --> 00:03:17,845
and the European Union,
are moving towards

55
00:03:17,907 --> 00:03:21,349
giving these artificially
created beings rights.

56
00:03:21,410 --> 00:03:24,761
And you have to wonder,
"What's going on here?"

57
00:03:24,788 --> 00:03:27,948
Could it be that
Saudi Arabia granted citizenship

58
00:03:28,042 --> 00:03:31,543
to a robot not simply
as a publicity stunt,

59
00:03:31,703 --> 00:03:34,955
but because it wanted to be
the first nation to recognize

60
00:03:35,049 --> 00:03:38,275
what will soon become
a global phenomenon:

61
00:03:38,302 --> 00:03:43,388
the creation of robots,
so intelligent and so lifelike,

62
00:03:43,548 --> 00:03:46,225
that they will need to be
counted and treated

63
00:03:46,385 --> 00:03:50,454
in much the same way as their
flesh-and-blood counterparts?

64
00:03:50,481 --> 00:03:54,140
I think gradually,
we're gonna have to take robots

65
00:03:54,235 --> 00:03:57,961
to be more human-like,
and even have a certain ethics.

66
00:03:57,988 --> 00:03:59,404
And so, I think eventually,

67
00:03:59,564 --> 00:04:01,573
there could be
a "robot rights movement."

68
00:04:01,733 --> 00:04:04,150
A "robot rights movement"?

69
00:04:04,245 --> 00:04:08,472
Could such a bizarre notion
really come true?

70
00:04:08,499 --> 00:04:10,490
But what has brought humanity

71
00:04:10,584 --> 00:04:13,252
to this profound point
in its evolution?

72
00:04:13,412 --> 00:04:16,070
And why are human beings,

73
00:04:16,131 --> 00:04:18,832
who are otherwise capable
of natural reproduction,

74
00:04:18,926 --> 00:04:23,670
so eager to create artificial
versions of themselves?

75
00:04:23,764 --> 00:04:26,914
It is fascinating that
there is this interest

76
00:04:26,976 --> 00:04:30,418
in making the creation
look humanoid.

77
00:04:30,479 --> 00:04:33,163
It isn't always the most
practical form,

78
00:04:33,190 --> 00:04:36,349
but it has some kind
of attraction.

79
00:04:36,443 --> 00:04:39,019
And perhaps it is
to see our own image.

80
00:04:39,113 --> 00:04:42,022
A little narcissism,
a little vanity.

81
00:04:42,116 --> 00:04:45,933
There's a certain level
of wanting to have legacy,

82
00:04:45,995 --> 00:04:47,694
wanting to create life,

83
00:04:47,788 --> 00:04:49,437
wanting to make something
that looks like ourselves.

84
00:04:49,498 --> 00:04:51,290
That's really rooted
in our egos.

85
00:04:51,450 --> 00:04:53,850
In some ways, it's superior
to having a biological baby,

86
00:04:53,877 --> 00:04:56,353
because it lasts forever.

87
00:04:56,380 --> 00:05:00,299
And if that something looks
like us, and feels like us,

88
00:05:00,459 --> 00:05:02,692
then that makes us feel
like we can overcome

89
00:05:02,720 --> 00:05:04,636
our own mortality in a way.

90
00:05:04,796 --> 00:05:07,288
You can design specifications.

91
00:05:07,349 --> 00:05:10,867
And if you mess up,
you can start over.

92
00:05:10,894 --> 00:05:13,053
I think we want to be gods.

93
00:05:13,147 --> 00:05:15,722
And we have the same
motivations the gods did.

94
00:05:15,816 --> 00:05:17,965
If you read
the creation stories closely,

95
00:05:18,027 --> 00:05:23,213
very often what the divine force
wants is company.

96
00:05:23,240 --> 00:05:24,990
Companionship.

97
00:05:25,150 --> 00:05:27,141
Some of the stories
from Vedanta,

98
00:05:27,202 --> 00:05:32,572
from early Judaism have it
that the gods were lonely.

99
00:05:32,666 --> 00:05:34,833
They essentially divided up
their own energy

100
00:05:34,993 --> 00:05:39,563
and made it into humans so
that we could all play together

101
00:05:39,590 --> 00:05:42,248
and keep each other company.

102
00:05:42,343 --> 00:05:44,843
The danger is that
we will get carried away

103
00:05:45,003 --> 00:05:47,404
with our own creative genius.

104
00:05:47,431 --> 00:05:51,999
MATT McMULLEN: There are limits
that are built into our biology,

105
00:05:52,061 --> 00:05:54,853
there are limits built into
our anatomy, and if we could

106
00:05:55,013 --> 00:05:58,523
just figure out how to move
our minds into the robot's body,

107
00:05:58,683 --> 00:06:00,250
we could be immortal.

108
00:06:00,277 --> 00:06:02,602
And perhaps
that's what our goal is,

109
00:06:02,696 --> 00:06:04,696
is to get to that point
where we are immortal,

110
00:06:04,856 --> 00:06:09,684
and then we create ourselves
all over again.

111
00:06:09,745 --> 00:06:11,277
I love to learn.

112
00:06:11,372 --> 00:06:14,447
Can you teach me something new?

113
00:06:14,541 --> 00:06:17,617
In science fiction literature,

114
00:06:17,711 --> 00:06:21,104
as well as
in its cinematic counterparts,

115
00:06:21,131 --> 00:06:26,276
the robots of the future
are depicted as virtual humans.

116
00:06:26,303 --> 00:06:28,945
More than mere
mechanical devices,

117
00:06:28,972 --> 00:06:32,782
they are hungry for knowledge,
and all too eager to experience

118
00:06:32,810 --> 00:06:37,562
the full range
of human emotions.

119
00:06:37,722 --> 00:06:40,715
Can you do something,
so we don't freeze?

120
00:06:40,776 --> 00:06:43,309
In<i> Lost in Space,</i>
we really wanted to look

121
00:06:43,404 --> 00:06:45,404
at technology that was
going to be possible.

122
00:06:45,564 --> 00:06:46,905
Maybe not things
you can do right now,

123
00:06:47,065 --> 00:06:48,990
but things that people
are hoping to try to do.

124
00:06:51,328 --> 00:06:54,638
I think when you're looking
to do a science fiction show,

125
00:06:54,665 --> 00:06:57,490
a lot of times, you know,
it's tempting to just do

126
00:06:57,584 --> 00:06:59,309
complete things
that are imaginary.

127
00:06:59,336 --> 00:07:01,086
These are some incarnations
that they had.

128
00:07:01,246 --> 00:07:03,663
But I think
it's much more impactful

129
00:07:03,757 --> 00:07:05,757
when it is what scientists
are really pursuing,

130
00:07:05,917 --> 00:07:09,002
things that
will be real someday.

131
00:07:09,096 --> 00:07:11,655
And so, we wanted
to explore the question

132
00:07:11,682 --> 00:07:14,174
of the robot's
own consciousness.

133
00:07:14,268 --> 00:07:16,250
Throw it back.

134
00:07:16,311 --> 00:07:18,419
Not just about a machine
that is gonna do what it's told,

135
00:07:18,480 --> 00:07:21,606
but actually one that might
develop its own desires

136
00:07:21,766 --> 00:07:23,257
-and its own feelings...
-Nice.

137
00:07:23,318 --> 00:07:26,686
...based on its experience
with encountering human life.

138
00:07:26,780 --> 00:07:29,448
This isn't weird.

139
00:07:29,608 --> 00:07:30,866
This isn't weird at all.

140
00:07:34,037 --> 00:07:36,362
Danger, Will Robinson.

141
00:07:36,457 --> 00:07:37,789
Our robot, in<i> Lost in Space,</i>

142
00:07:37,949 --> 00:07:40,533
we used the lights
within its face to be

143
00:07:40,627 --> 00:07:42,535
that thing that conveys emotion;

144
00:07:42,629 --> 00:07:45,371
how fast they move,
what shapes they take,

145
00:07:45,466 --> 00:07:48,024
-what color they take on...
-What the hell are you?

146
00:07:48,051 --> 00:07:49,876
You can wonder what it's
thinking, what it's feeling.

147
00:07:49,970 --> 00:07:51,470
What are those emotions?
That's, to me,

148
00:07:51,630 --> 00:07:54,364
what makes robotics fascinating.

149
00:07:54,391 --> 00:07:58,643
People always ask whether we are
getting close to a time when

150
00:07:58,803 --> 00:08:01,313
the fiction that we're writing
is going to become reality.

151
00:08:01,473 --> 00:08:04,891
And I always say, "What makes
you think it hasn't already?"

152
00:08:04,985 --> 00:08:07,819
I think when you're watching
a movie or a TV show,

153
00:08:07,979 --> 00:08:10,547
it can kind of open up your mind
to the possibilities.

154
00:08:10,574 --> 00:08:12,232
And perhaps it's something

155
00:08:12,326 --> 00:08:14,308
that we can digest
a little bit easier.

156
00:08:14,369 --> 00:08:17,478
It's the stuff of fantasy,
it's stuff that is not real.

157
00:08:17,539 --> 00:08:20,240
But if it's just entertainment,
I mean, come on,

158
00:08:20,334 --> 00:08:22,408
you can just go,
"Oh, wow, that's really cool.

159
00:08:22,503 --> 00:08:25,411
That's not scary. That's just a
thing that some writer made up."

160
00:08:25,506 --> 00:08:27,488
The question is, uh,
what happens if the thing

161
00:08:27,549 --> 00:08:30,217
that the writer made up
is actually based on reality?

162
00:08:32,387 --> 00:08:34,846
Although the notion
of sentient robots,

163
00:08:35,006 --> 00:08:37,498
in everything
from science fiction books

164
00:08:37,559 --> 00:08:39,851
to popular culture,
is not a new one,

165
00:08:40,011 --> 00:08:43,004
there are many futurists
who believe that the creation

166
00:08:43,065 --> 00:08:47,508
of man-made machines who possess
artificial intelligence

167
00:08:47,569 --> 00:08:49,861
is not only quickly
becoming a reality,

168
00:08:50,021 --> 00:08:55,275
but when achieved, will likely
signal the end of mankind.

169
00:08:55,369 --> 00:08:58,611
They are convinced
that the combination

170
00:08:58,705 --> 00:09:02,615
of computer-driven brains
and virtually immortal bodies

171
00:09:02,709 --> 00:09:04,859
will result
in flesh-and-blood humans

172
00:09:04,920 --> 00:09:08,271
becoming all but obsolete.

173
00:09:08,298 --> 00:09:11,958
And as far as ancient astronaut
theorists are concerned,

174
00:09:12,052 --> 00:09:14,627
it's more than possible
that not all

175
00:09:14,721 --> 00:09:17,204
the artificially created
life-forms we encounter

176
00:09:17,266 --> 00:09:19,140
will be man-made.

177
00:09:22,771 --> 00:09:25,622
Could it be that,
in our current age,

178
00:09:25,649 --> 00:09:28,733
we're just replicating what
was done in the ancient past,

179
00:09:28,893 --> 00:09:31,570
and creating these robots

180
00:09:31,730 --> 00:09:35,648
as part of some
grand cosmic agenda

181
00:09:35,742 --> 00:09:37,576
that is far beyond
our imagination

182
00:09:37,736 --> 00:09:40,320
or our scope of understanding?

183
00:09:40,414 --> 00:09:43,081
It only makes sense
that extraterrestrials

184
00:09:43,241 --> 00:09:44,899
coming to Earth

185
00:09:44,960 --> 00:09:48,336
may be sending robots in advance
of their own visiting.

186
00:09:51,466 --> 00:09:55,151
In our show,
humans did not make this robot.

187
00:09:55,178 --> 00:09:58,655
Ancient astronaut theory says
that thousands of years ago,

188
00:09:58,682 --> 00:10:00,414
we were visited.

189
00:10:00,475 --> 00:10:02,601
It would only stand to reason,
at least to me,

190
00:10:02,761 --> 00:10:04,844
that the early contact,
or early visitation,

191
00:10:04,938 --> 00:10:06,346
would have been done by robots,

192
00:10:06,440 --> 00:10:08,273
and not by the extraterrestrials
themselves.

193
00:10:10,444 --> 00:10:13,094
Is mankind really on the brink

194
00:10:13,155 --> 00:10:17,282
of an exciting and potentially
terrifying future?

195
00:10:17,442 --> 00:10:20,619
Ancient astronaut
theorists say yes,

196
00:10:20,779 --> 00:10:23,346
but they base their prediction

197
00:10:23,373 --> 00:10:26,273
not on what is currently
happening in universities

198
00:10:26,335 --> 00:10:29,369
and robotics laboratories
around the world,

199
00:10:29,463 --> 00:10:32,631
but on their belief
that a robot revolution

200
00:10:32,791 --> 00:10:35,191
has already taken place

201
00:10:35,218 --> 00:10:38,553
thousands of years ago.

202
00:10:46,137 --> 00:10:49,463
Abydos, Egypt.

203
00:10:49,524 --> 00:10:52,484
Here in one of the world's
oldest cities

204
00:10:52,644 --> 00:10:55,636
lie the ruins
of the Osiris Hall,

205
00:10:55,697 --> 00:10:58,231
the place where
thousands of years ago,

206
00:10:58,325 --> 00:11:00,825
ancient Egyptians would come
to worship Osiris,

207
00:11:00,985 --> 00:11:04,478
the god of the afterlife.

208
00:11:04,539 --> 00:11:09,392
God Osiris was the most
important god in ancient Egypt.

209
00:11:09,419 --> 00:11:12,504
He was the god of good

210
00:11:12,664 --> 00:11:17,658
and the god that would lead you
to immortality in the afterlife.

211
00:11:17,719 --> 00:11:20,753
And that's what ancient Egyptian
kings and pharaohs

212
00:11:20,847 --> 00:11:24,090
cared about the most:
to reach immortality

213
00:11:24,184 --> 00:11:29,170
in the afterlife
with the powers that Osiris had.

214
00:11:29,231 --> 00:11:31,748
Ancient Egyptians believed
that all the gods

215
00:11:31,775 --> 00:11:33,358
came from the stars.

216
00:11:34,778 --> 00:11:37,770
Osiris is a god, the ruling god,

217
00:11:37,864 --> 00:11:40,681
an otherworldly being
in Egyptian lore,

218
00:11:40,742 --> 00:11:44,185
and he has a jealous brother,
Set, who kills him

219
00:11:44,246 --> 00:11:45,704
and dismembers him.

220
00:11:48,125 --> 00:11:52,043
Isis, devoted wife to Osiris,

221
00:11:52,203 --> 00:11:55,046
is able to piece him
back together--

222
00:11:55,206 --> 00:11:58,049
like a robot,
like Frankenstein--

223
00:11:58,209 --> 00:12:02,887
and breathe life back into him
by way of a magical incantation.

224
00:12:05,308 --> 00:12:07,116
When I hear stories

225
00:12:07,144 --> 00:12:09,802
of someone being dismembered
into multiple pieces,

226
00:12:09,896 --> 00:12:13,398
and then they're trying
to find the pieces

227
00:12:13,558 --> 00:12:15,216
and then put them back together,

228
00:12:15,277 --> 00:12:17,569
and then they magically
come back to life,

229
00:12:17,729 --> 00:12:22,482
I wonder whether or not
the Osiris story is in fact

230
00:12:22,576 --> 00:12:26,469
the story of a machine
that was taken apart.

231
00:12:26,496 --> 00:12:28,154
So you have to wonder,

232
00:12:28,248 --> 00:12:32,141
what type of technology
did they have access to?

233
00:12:32,169 --> 00:12:34,811
On the walls
of the Osiris chapel

234
00:12:34,838 --> 00:12:36,087
at the temple of Seti,

235
00:12:36,247 --> 00:12:38,481
we see a very powerful
representation

236
00:12:38,508 --> 00:12:40,741
of the head of Osiris.

237
00:12:40,802 --> 00:12:45,321
It clearly resembles some kind
of a mechanical device.

238
00:12:45,348 --> 00:12:48,825
When we look at it
and compare it to a Tesla coil,

239
00:12:48,852 --> 00:12:52,270
we can see that they're
virtually identical devices.

240
00:12:52,430 --> 00:12:55,440
A Tesla coil
is an electrical transformer.

241
00:12:55,600 --> 00:12:58,443
An electrical transformer?

242
00:12:58,603 --> 00:13:01,446
Is it possible
that the Egyptian god Osiris

243
00:13:01,606 --> 00:13:04,173
was not merely
a mythological god,

244
00:13:04,201 --> 00:13:06,676
but a humanoid robot?

245
00:13:06,703 --> 00:13:11,414
And not only a robot, but one
of extraterrestrial origin?

246
00:13:13,627 --> 00:13:16,185
So, putting all this together,
we get this idea

247
00:13:16,213 --> 00:13:18,797
that Osiris was a person
who is resurrected,

248
00:13:18,957 --> 00:13:22,950
but that possibly there was also
some kind of a device

249
00:13:23,011 --> 00:13:26,287
or a machine that was involved
in his resurrection.

250
00:13:26,348 --> 00:13:29,549
We have to ask the question
that did it in fact

251
00:13:29,643 --> 00:13:32,885
come from some
ancient extraterrestrial entity

252
00:13:32,979 --> 00:13:34,203
or intelligence?

253
00:13:34,231 --> 00:13:37,223
Osiris is only one

254
00:13:37,317 --> 00:13:39,633
of many artificially
constructed beings

255
00:13:39,694 --> 00:13:43,470
that are referenced in ancient
religions and mythologies.

256
00:13:43,532 --> 00:13:46,991
They are often depicted
as instruments of protection,

257
00:13:47,151 --> 00:13:51,888
but just as often, they turn
on their human creators

258
00:13:51,915 --> 00:13:55,558
with disastrous consequences.

259
00:13:55,585 --> 00:13:58,503
From the most ancient times,

260
00:13:58,663 --> 00:14:02,507
there has been a legend
of that which we call a golem,

261
00:14:02,667 --> 00:14:05,844
an artificial life-form

262
00:14:06,004 --> 00:14:09,013
which came
from inanimate material

263
00:14:09,173 --> 00:14:11,591
and came alive.

264
00:14:11,685 --> 00:14:14,594
The golem was created
through a means

265
00:14:14,688 --> 00:14:19,190
of an ancient technology
known by pharaoh's magicians,

266
00:14:19,350 --> 00:14:22,435
Moses, the rabbis of the Talmud,

267
00:14:22,529 --> 00:14:25,421
and the later rabbis
of the Kabbalah in Europe.

268
00:14:25,448 --> 00:14:28,349
They brought life into it
through a magical technique

269
00:14:28,410 --> 00:14:31,352
of putting the name of god
on the forehead of the creature.

270
00:14:31,413 --> 00:14:33,946
And the golem came to life

271
00:14:34,040 --> 00:14:37,542
and was a fierce warrior
and protected the people.

272
00:14:37,702 --> 00:14:40,436
Golem was useful for a while,

273
00:14:40,463 --> 00:14:43,773
but then it gets out of control,
starts going crazy.

274
00:14:43,800 --> 00:14:45,717
And they're able to stop him

275
00:14:45,877 --> 00:14:51,055
eventually by removing these
magic words and that stops him.

276
00:14:51,215 --> 00:14:53,374
So, we have
an interesting story here

277
00:14:53,435 --> 00:14:55,968
that may be analogous
to extraterrestrials

278
00:14:56,062 --> 00:14:59,639
and their robots,
artificial intelligence.

279
00:14:59,733 --> 00:15:03,234
Another even
more cautionary example

280
00:15:03,394 --> 00:15:05,628
comes from
the ancient Greek legends

281
00:15:05,655 --> 00:15:08,907
concerning the god Hephaestus.

282
00:15:09,067 --> 00:15:12,726
Known as the blacksmith
of the gods,

283
00:15:12,787 --> 00:15:14,913
Hephaestus was said
to have forged

284
00:15:15,073 --> 00:15:17,823
a giant automaton named Talos

285
00:15:17,918 --> 00:15:21,160
whose duty was to protect
the island of Crete.

286
00:15:21,254 --> 00:15:24,923
Hephaestus also created
artificial servants

287
00:15:25,083 --> 00:15:27,333
that assisted him at his forge.

288
00:15:27,427 --> 00:15:32,171
But perhaps his most important
creation was a being

289
00:15:32,265 --> 00:15:34,323
that would, according to legend,
forever change

290
00:15:34,351 --> 00:15:37,751
the fate of humanity: Pandora.

291
00:15:37,812 --> 00:15:42,440
Pandora was fashioned
out of clay by Hephaestus.

292
00:15:42,600 --> 00:15:45,759
Hephaestus called
on another god, Athena,

293
00:15:45,820 --> 00:15:51,023
who blew a soul into Pandora
and made her a living being.

294
00:15:51,117 --> 00:15:53,434
The god Zeus was very upset

295
00:15:53,495 --> 00:15:56,770
with the creation of this
artificially-created being.

296
00:15:56,831 --> 00:16:00,850
And so, he decided
to give Pandora a gift: a box.

297
00:16:00,877 --> 00:16:05,588
And when Pandora opened this
box, all these evils flew out.

298
00:16:08,802 --> 00:16:11,861
Pandora's box has become
a very important symbol

299
00:16:11,888 --> 00:16:13,863
in our modern age,
especially among

300
00:16:13,890 --> 00:16:15,640
artificial intelligence
creators.

301
00:16:15,800 --> 00:16:17,642
Could there be, for example,
some kind of

302
00:16:17,802 --> 00:16:19,885
artificial intelligence entity

303
00:16:19,980 --> 00:16:23,039
that suddenly takes over
the world? A real threat.

304
00:16:23,066 --> 00:16:25,558
People like Elon Musk

305
00:16:25,652 --> 00:16:28,561
and even Stephen Hawking
have warned about this.

306
00:16:28,655 --> 00:16:31,990
Although the concept of machines

307
00:16:32,150 --> 00:16:35,384
possessing human consciousness
may be a frightening one,

308
00:16:35,412 --> 00:16:37,495
there are many Eastern religions

309
00:16:37,655 --> 00:16:40,647
that regard the notion
quite differently.

310
00:16:40,709 --> 00:16:44,485
In Korean shamanism,

311
00:16:44,546 --> 00:16:48,414
an ancient religion still
practiced by many Koreans today,

312
00:16:48,508 --> 00:16:52,993
inanimate objects can be
possessed by sacred spirits,

313
00:16:53,054 --> 00:16:56,180
imbued with powers
beyond human ability.

314
00:16:58,935 --> 00:17:02,836
Similarly, practitioners of the
traditional Japanese discipline

315
00:17:02,897 --> 00:17:06,507
known as Shinto believe
that otherworldly spirits,

316
00:17:06,568 --> 00:17:09,935
called<i> kami,</i> can inhabit
virtually any object

317
00:17:10,030 --> 00:17:13,589
of their choosing
and bring it to life.

318
00:17:13,616 --> 00:17:16,200
The ancient Japanese people,

319
00:17:16,360 --> 00:17:18,185
and the modern
Japanese people as well,

320
00:17:18,246 --> 00:17:20,763
understood that everything
has a spirit.

321
00:17:20,790 --> 00:17:25,618
Even like a cell phone,
iPhone has a spirit.

322
00:17:25,712 --> 00:17:27,378
Even computer has a spirit

323
00:17:27,538 --> 00:17:31,624
because the artificial
intelligence is in the machine.

324
00:17:31,718 --> 00:17:35,869
We feel that way so we accept
the high technology

325
00:17:35,930 --> 00:17:38,781
but it's interesting
because as Westerners,

326
00:17:38,808 --> 00:17:41,300
they think, I think,
a machine's a machine.

327
00:17:41,394 --> 00:17:44,287
When you say, "Hey, Siri.

328
00:17:44,314 --> 00:17:45,971
You know, what's the weather
gonna be like today?"

329
00:17:46,066 --> 00:17:47,640
That's an A.I.

330
00:17:47,734 --> 00:17:49,792
That's a natural language
processing algorithm

331
00:17:49,819 --> 00:17:53,053
that's listening to your voice,
putting it into computer code,

332
00:17:53,114 --> 00:17:55,648
searching the Web,
spitting it back out to you.

333
00:17:55,742 --> 00:17:58,559
So we didn't think before
that you could solve

334
00:17:58,620 --> 00:18:01,061
natural language processing,
and in fact, we've done that

335
00:18:01,122 --> 00:18:03,322
in the last several years
quite efficiently

336
00:18:03,416 --> 00:18:04,824
and we have now
superhuman levels

337
00:18:04,918 --> 00:18:06,992
at different types of tasks.

338
00:18:07,087 --> 00:18:08,828
So, facial image recognition
would be one,

339
00:18:08,922 --> 00:18:11,589
natural language processing,
voice encoding.

340
00:18:11,749 --> 00:18:13,816
If we create an entity

341
00:18:13,843 --> 00:18:16,577
which behaves just as we do

342
00:18:16,638 --> 00:18:19,097
in having personal
sense impressions

343
00:18:19,257 --> 00:18:21,248
and personal experiences
of the world,

344
00:18:21,309 --> 00:18:23,584
then I think we'll have
to grant that it is intelligent

345
00:18:23,645 --> 00:18:24,936
and it is conscious.

346
00:18:25,096 --> 00:18:29,832
We are becoming,
um, transformed,

347
00:18:29,859 --> 00:18:32,518
to some extent, as a society.

348
00:18:32,612 --> 00:18:35,446
Computers are here
to stay and technology

349
00:18:35,606 --> 00:18:38,599
is only going
to get more pervasive

350
00:18:38,660 --> 00:18:40,785
and therefore,
A.I. is part of it.

351
00:18:40,945 --> 00:18:44,513
It's-it's simply going to be
the fabric of our reality.

352
00:18:44,541 --> 00:18:47,850
I definitely think that
we should take serious pause

353
00:18:47,877 --> 00:18:50,536
in thinking about the types
of intelligences that we create.

354
00:18:50,630 --> 00:18:52,355
Because what we're doing is

355
00:18:52,382 --> 00:18:55,207
we're starting to hand over
control over functions

356
00:18:55,301 --> 00:18:57,135
and things in our life
and we don't know

357
00:18:57,295 --> 00:18:59,712
what the ramifications
are gonna be.

358
00:18:59,806 --> 00:19:02,548
By developing
intelligent machines,

359
00:19:02,642 --> 00:19:05,034
are human beings
actually creating

360
00:19:05,061 --> 00:19:06,811
a new type of life-form,

361
00:19:06,971 --> 00:19:10,556
one that will evolve
beyond simply serving us

362
00:19:10,650 --> 00:19:13,709
to eventually replacing us?

363
00:19:13,736 --> 00:19:17,546
Ancient astronaut theorists
believe the answers can be found

364
00:19:17,574 --> 00:19:21,384
not only by examining clues
from our ancient past,

365
00:19:21,411 --> 00:19:23,477
but by taking a closer look

366
00:19:23,538 --> 00:19:26,313
at where mankind
is currently heading

367
00:19:26,374 --> 00:19:28,499
and what it will need
for its inevitable journey

368
00:19:28,659 --> 00:19:30,710
back to the stars.

369
00:19:40,722 --> 00:19:43,514
In May 2018,

370
00:19:43,674 --> 00:19:46,759
ancient astronaut theorist
Giorgio Tsoukalos

371
00:19:46,853 --> 00:19:49,002
meets with Dr. Dennis Hong

372
00:19:49,063 --> 00:19:52,248
at the Robotics and Mechanisms
Laboratory at UCLA.

373
00:19:52,275 --> 00:19:54,174
-Dennis Hong?
-Hey, how are you?

374
00:19:54,235 --> 00:19:56,677
Giorgio has come here
in hopes of learning

375
00:19:56,738 --> 00:19:58,845
about the university's
current efforts

376
00:19:58,907 --> 00:20:02,091
to incorporate artificial
intelligence in robots

377
00:20:02,118 --> 00:20:03,684
that are designed
to perform many

378
00:20:03,745 --> 00:20:06,278
of the same tasks as humans.

379
00:20:06,372 --> 00:20:10,766
Good afternoon, everyone.
Welcome to RoMeLa.

380
00:20:10,793 --> 00:20:12,601
-This is awesome.
-Yeah.

381
00:20:12,629 --> 00:20:14,437
This is RoMeLa, the Robotics
and Mechanisms Laboratory.

382
00:20:14,464 --> 00:20:15,546
-This is where
the magic happens.
-All right.

383
00:20:15,706 --> 00:20:18,716
My name is THOR RD.

384
00:20:18,876 --> 00:20:22,536
Tactical Hazardous
Operations Robot.

385
00:20:22,597 --> 00:20:26,298
I'm curious as to why robots,
by and large,

386
00:20:26,392 --> 00:20:29,134
are built
after the humanoid form.

387
00:20:29,229 --> 00:20:31,804
Ah. So the robot that you
see over here, this robot,

388
00:20:31,898 --> 00:20:33,898
is called THOR, Tactical
Hazardous Operations Robot.

389
00:20:34,058 --> 00:20:37,626
It's a humanoid robot: two legs,
two arms, a torso and a head.

390
00:20:37,654 --> 00:20:38,978
This particular robot
is designed

391
00:20:39,072 --> 00:20:40,738
for disaster relief
applications,

392
00:20:40,898 --> 00:20:43,148
in particular, in Japan.

393
00:20:43,243 --> 00:20:46,135
-There was the Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power Plant accident.
-Yes.

394
00:20:46,162 --> 00:20:48,637
In these kind of situations,
because of radiation,

395
00:20:48,665 --> 00:20:51,140
people cannot go near
so we developed these robots

396
00:20:51,167 --> 00:20:53,084
to rescue people and fix things.

397
00:20:53,244 --> 00:20:56,921
Now, for these robots to be
operating in a human environment

398
00:20:57,081 --> 00:20:59,257
that's designed for humans,

399
00:20:59,417 --> 00:21:02,668
-I claim that the robot needs
to be human shape and size.
-Okay.

400
00:21:02,762 --> 00:21:04,762
-Do you think you can show me
how this thing walks?
-Sure.

401
00:21:04,922 --> 00:21:10,101
All right,
let's see you walking.

402
00:21:10,261 --> 00:21:12,586
Small baby steps,
but it is walking.

403
00:21:12,647 --> 00:21:14,755
So it has many
different sensors.

404
00:21:14,816 --> 00:21:16,423
It has a camera
just like our human eyes,

405
00:21:16,484 --> 00:21:19,184
it can look around
using robot vision.

406
00:21:19,279 --> 00:21:21,946
This sensor is called a LIDAR
or laser range finder.

407
00:21:22,106 --> 00:21:25,024
It shoots out lasers
to figure out

408
00:21:25,118 --> 00:21:26,826
the three-dimensional terrain
in front of it.

409
00:21:29,956 --> 00:21:32,439
There is a, uh, sensor
called an IMU.

410
00:21:32,500 --> 00:21:34,033
It's like a balance sensor
like your inner ear.

411
00:21:34,127 --> 00:21:36,018
The brain is actually
in the back.

412
00:21:36,045 --> 00:21:38,203
So there's a computer, two
computers as a matter of fact.

413
00:21:38,298 --> 00:21:39,630
Wow.

414
00:21:39,790 --> 00:21:42,374
Princeton University.

415
00:21:42,468 --> 00:21:45,636
1950.

416
00:21:45,796 --> 00:21:48,955
Scientist and computer pioneer,
Alan Turing,

417
00:21:49,017 --> 00:21:53,960
develops a test designed
to distinguish man from machine.

418
00:21:54,022 --> 00:21:58,482
The Turing test is
a particular scenario in which

419
00:21:58,642 --> 00:22:01,377
you might be facing,
via console,

420
00:22:01,404 --> 00:22:03,379
some agent on the other side,

421
00:22:03,406 --> 00:22:04,897
which you don't see,

422
00:22:04,991 --> 00:22:08,159
and that agent might be a human
or a computer.

423
00:22:08,319 --> 00:22:10,569
And the idea is that

424
00:22:10,663 --> 00:22:13,647
if the artificial agent
can actually imitate

425
00:22:13,708 --> 00:22:15,666
a meaningful conversation
for long enough

426
00:22:15,826 --> 00:22:17,001
so that, actually, you think

427
00:22:17,161 --> 00:22:19,170
you might be talking
to a real human,

428
00:22:19,330 --> 00:22:23,415
then it would pass
the Turing test.

429
00:22:23,509 --> 00:22:28,587
When Alan Turing
proposed this test in 1950,

430
00:22:28,681 --> 00:22:31,423
it was widely regarded
as nothing more

431
00:22:31,517 --> 00:22:34,000
than an interesting
philosophical concept.

432
00:22:35,355 --> 00:22:37,170
It was unthinkable

433
00:22:37,231 --> 00:22:41,842
that a machine could ever
convincingly pass for a human.

434
00:22:41,903 --> 00:22:44,770
But in June 2014,

435
00:22:44,864 --> 00:22:48,107
science future
became science fact,

436
00:22:48,201 --> 00:22:50,275
when a chatbot computer program

437
00:22:50,370 --> 00:22:53,445
successfully passed
the Turing test.

438
00:22:53,539 --> 00:22:56,615
Designed to mimic
the attitudes and vocabulary

439
00:22:56,709 --> 00:22:59,451
of a 13-year-old Ukrainian boy,

440
00:22:59,545 --> 00:23:02,880
the chatbot--
using the name Eugene Goostman--

441
00:23:03,040 --> 00:23:05,608
fooled multiple judges
into thinking

442
00:23:05,635 --> 00:23:08,535
he was a real teenager.

443
00:23:08,596 --> 00:23:12,539
The machine that passed
the Turing test in 2014

444
00:23:12,600 --> 00:23:18,044
assumes the character
of a 13-year-old Ukrainian boy.

445
00:23:18,106 --> 00:23:20,380
Now, that allows it

446
00:23:20,441 --> 00:23:23,550
to sort of get away
with a few mistakes,

447
00:23:23,611 --> 00:23:25,127
perhaps, in its language.

448
00:23:25,154 --> 00:23:27,980
But machines
are getting very good

449
00:23:28,074 --> 00:23:29,965
at communicating like a human,

450
00:23:29,992 --> 00:23:33,828
so much so that you can't tell
the difference.

451
00:23:35,906 --> 00:23:38,991
Another incredible
leap in artificial intelligence

452
00:23:39,085 --> 00:23:41,977
took place
less than two years later...

453
00:23:42,004 --> 00:23:44,480
Please start the game.

454
00:23:44,507 --> 00:23:46,832
...when a program
known as AlphaGo

455
00:23:46,926 --> 00:23:49,593
defeated
the human world champion

456
00:23:49,753 --> 00:23:51,411
in an ancient Chinese board game

457
00:23:51,472 --> 00:23:55,248
simply called Go.

458
00:23:55,309 --> 00:23:58,418
Go is a board game
that is famous in Asia

459
00:23:58,479 --> 00:24:02,523
and is said to be
far more complicated than chess.

460
00:24:03,767 --> 00:24:06,610
So, many A.I. experts thought

461
00:24:06,770 --> 00:24:09,447
that the development
of a Go system

462
00:24:09,607 --> 00:24:11,449
which could beat humans
was, say,

463
00:24:11,609 --> 00:24:15,010
30 or even 50 years
into the future

464
00:24:15,037 --> 00:24:18,530
because Go requires a level
of intuition and creativity

465
00:24:18,624 --> 00:24:21,959
that we thought
machines didn't have.

466
00:24:23,504 --> 00:24:25,129
The next version of the program,

467
00:24:25,289 --> 00:24:28,874
called AlphaGo Zero,
was uniquely designed

468
00:24:28,968 --> 00:24:31,785
to learn how to play the game
without any data

469
00:24:31,846 --> 00:24:35,973
from human games or interaction
with human players.

470
00:24:36,133 --> 00:24:39,477
It learned by playing
against itself

471
00:24:39,637 --> 00:24:41,537
and, in just three days,

472
00:24:41,564 --> 00:24:43,872
was able to defeat
its predecessor

473
00:24:43,900 --> 00:24:46,734
in 100 straight games.

474
00:24:49,313 --> 00:24:52,323
It was the successes of AlphaGo

475
00:24:52,483 --> 00:24:54,825
coupled with work

476
00:24:54,985 --> 00:24:57,811
by academics on the topic
of superintelligence

477
00:24:57,872 --> 00:25:01,890
which led people like
Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk

478
00:25:01,918 --> 00:25:06,170
to begin worrying about whether
we could even control A.I.

479
00:25:06,330 --> 00:25:09,581
which is smarter than humans.

480
00:25:09,675 --> 00:25:12,918
Want to see
a smaller humanoid robot?

481
00:25:13,012 --> 00:25:14,494
-Yeah, absolutely.
-You're gonna love this one.

482
00:25:14,555 --> 00:25:16,238
-Show me everything.
I mean, this is exciting.
-Yeah.

483
00:25:16,265 --> 00:25:18,849
Do you have DARwIn?
It's still a humanoid robot,

484
00:25:19,009 --> 00:25:21,334
-right, but it's smaller.
This is called DARwIn.
-Cool.

485
00:25:21,395 --> 00:25:23,854
Dynamic Anthropomorphic Robot
with Intelligence.

486
00:25:24,014 --> 00:25:26,690
-Yeah.
-It's a fully open-source robot
that we, uh, developed.

487
00:25:26,850 --> 00:25:29,752
It's for research and education.
So, for example,

488
00:25:29,779 --> 00:25:31,678
- it's actually looking
for the ball, right?

489
00:25:31,739 --> 00:25:33,513
-It's following the ball.
-Oh, wow. Yeah, yeah, yeah.

490
00:25:33,574 --> 00:25:35,282
And he can also play a game
of soccer.

491
00:25:36,452 --> 00:25:38,093
Kick it.

492
00:25:38,120 --> 00:25:39,519
Right foot.

493
00:25:39,580 --> 00:25:40,612
There you go.

494
00:25:42,199 --> 00:25:43,874
And if it falls down,

495
00:25:44,034 --> 00:25:45,709
it knows how to stand up
on its own.

496
00:25:45,869 --> 00:25:48,287
No kidding. All right.

497
00:25:48,381 --> 00:25:50,939
As mankind moves rapidly

498
00:25:50,967 --> 00:25:52,550
into a world where computers

499
00:25:52,710 --> 00:25:54,276
can function
in much the same way

500
00:25:54,303 --> 00:25:56,278
as the human brain

501
00:25:56,305 --> 00:25:58,964
and where robots are capable
of performing tasks

502
00:25:59,058 --> 00:26:01,967
considered too difficult
or too dangerous

503
00:26:02,061 --> 00:26:05,137
for their flesh-and-blood
counterparts,

504
00:26:05,231 --> 00:26:08,381
are we preparing
for an incredible future?

505
00:26:08,442 --> 00:26:13,312
Or are we replicating events
from mankind's ancient past,

506
00:26:13,406 --> 00:26:16,890
events which have been forgotten
over centuries

507
00:26:16,951 --> 00:26:21,820
and which had
extraterrestrial implications?

508
00:26:24,742 --> 00:26:27,901
999 AD.

509
00:26:27,962 --> 00:26:31,237
Rome, Italy.

510
00:26:31,299 --> 00:26:35,984
Noted scholar and mathematician
Gerbert of Aurillac

511
00:26:36,012 --> 00:26:38,837
is elected to the papacy.

512
00:26:38,931 --> 00:26:40,264
Although Gerbert,

513
00:26:40,424 --> 00:26:43,416
now known as Pope Sylvester II,

514
00:26:43,477 --> 00:26:46,770
has risen from a humble
background in rural France,

515
00:26:46,930 --> 00:26:49,422
it is widely rumored

516
00:26:49,483 --> 00:26:53,168
that he received his knowledge
from a magical device

517
00:26:53,195 --> 00:26:57,689
and has become Pope after making
a pact with a demon.

518
00:26:57,783 --> 00:27:00,767
Pope Sylvester worked his way up
to become Pope,

519
00:27:00,828 --> 00:27:03,937
apparently, through the use
of unnatural means.

520
00:27:03,998 --> 00:27:06,624
The medieval historian,
William of Malmesbury,

521
00:27:06,784 --> 00:27:08,533
records that, on his death bed,

522
00:27:08,628 --> 00:27:10,610
Pope Sylvester made
a confession.

523
00:27:10,671 --> 00:27:13,872
He received wisdom
and supernatural knowledge

524
00:27:13,966 --> 00:27:16,525
from a mechanical device
he referred to

525
00:27:16,552 --> 00:27:18,710
as "the brazen head."

526
00:27:18,804 --> 00:27:21,121
What kind of a device
could this have been?

527
00:27:21,182 --> 00:27:24,308
Was this some kind of
artificial intelligence entity

528
00:27:24,468 --> 00:27:26,292
that might have been given
to him

529
00:27:26,354 --> 00:27:28,887
through
some otherworldly source?

530
00:27:28,981 --> 00:27:30,463
Is it sort of like the speakers

531
00:27:30,524 --> 00:27:32,557
we have on our desks now
that are connected

532
00:27:32,652 --> 00:27:34,467
with artificial intelligence
computers

533
00:27:34,528 --> 00:27:37,637
that can give us knowledge
and answer our questions?

534
00:27:37,698 --> 00:27:40,140
--So, tell me
about this contraption.

535
00:27:40,201 --> 00:27:41,383
Isn't it cool?

536
00:27:41,410 --> 00:27:42,718
-This one's called HEX.
-Right.

537
00:27:42,745 --> 00:27:44,144
It's a hexapod robot.

538
00:27:44,205 --> 00:27:45,496
-It has six legs.
-Mm-hmm.

539
00:27:45,656 --> 00:27:47,389
But what's really cool
about this robot

540
00:27:47,416 --> 00:27:49,241
is it's probably the strongest

541
00:27:49,335 --> 00:27:50,742
-hexapod robot that exists.
-All right.

542
00:27:50,836 --> 00:27:51,985
Okay.

543
00:27:52,046 --> 00:27:53,395
This is heavy.

544
00:27:53,422 --> 00:27:56,732
Okay.

545
00:28:01,263 --> 00:28:04,181
-Oh, man. No kidding.
-And it can... lift this.

546
00:28:04,341 --> 00:28:06,591
So, we're talking 20 kilograms,

547
00:28:06,686 --> 00:28:08,577
-which is 44 pounds.
-It's like 40-something... Yeah.

548
00:28:08,604 --> 00:28:10,688
And this is the world's
very first robot that can

549
00:28:10,848 --> 00:28:12,856
brace between walls
and actually climb.

550
00:28:13,016 --> 00:28:14,249
-Really?
-Yes.

551
00:28:14,276 --> 00:28:17,602
There's so many moving parts.

552
00:28:17,697 --> 00:28:19,679
Artificial intelligence
means different things

553
00:28:19,740 --> 00:28:21,773
to different people.
In our case,

554
00:28:21,867 --> 00:28:23,775
like when you try
to control this robot,

555
00:28:23,869 --> 00:28:25,761
it doesn't make sense
for a human operator

556
00:28:25,788 --> 00:28:27,612
to control each joint.

557
00:28:27,707 --> 00:28:30,098
That needs to be
fully automatic.

558
00:28:30,126 --> 00:28:33,101
So in that sense, it's a smart,
artificial intelligence robot.

559
00:28:33,129 --> 00:28:35,045
-Pretty amazing.
-Yeah.

560
00:28:37,374 --> 00:28:40,959
Is there some
unseen hand that is guiding

561
00:28:41,053 --> 00:28:43,962
mankind to an uncertain future?

562
00:28:44,056 --> 00:28:46,615
A future where humans
will be served

563
00:28:46,642 --> 00:28:48,208
by computers and robots

564
00:28:48,269 --> 00:28:52,563
with an intelligence
and independence all their own?

565
00:28:52,723 --> 00:28:56,883
Ancient astronaut theorists
are divided on their answers.

566
00:28:56,944 --> 00:29:00,237
Some believe the dangers
of artificial intelligence

567
00:29:00,397 --> 00:29:02,297
outweigh the benefits.

568
00:29:02,324 --> 00:29:05,150
Others argue it is essential

569
00:29:05,244 --> 00:29:08,470
if we are ever
to realize our destiny

570
00:29:08,497 --> 00:29:11,415
and survive what
is about to happen

571
00:29:11,575 --> 00:29:14,334
sooner than we think.

572
00:29:18,749 --> 00:29:22,317
June 16, 2017.

573
00:29:22,344 --> 00:29:24,911
Menlo Park, California.

574
00:29:24,972 --> 00:29:29,266
At Facebook's Artificial
Intelligence Research Lab,

575
00:29:29,426 --> 00:29:31,176
an experiment is conducted

576
00:29:31,270 --> 00:29:33,845
to see what will happen
when two chatbots,

577
00:29:33,939 --> 00:29:36,848
programs that use
machine-learning

578
00:29:36,942 --> 00:29:39,943
to intelligently communicate
with humans online,

579
00:29:40,103 --> 00:29:42,446
talk directly with each other.

580
00:29:42,606 --> 00:29:45,190
Just minutes
into the experiment,

581
00:29:45,284 --> 00:29:49,011
the chatbots start to behave
in an unexpected manner,

582
00:29:49,038 --> 00:29:53,940
interacting in a way that the
programmers cannot understand.

583
00:29:54,001 --> 00:29:55,793
The developers
had no comprehension

584
00:29:55,953 --> 00:29:57,686
of what they were
saying to each other,

585
00:29:57,713 --> 00:30:00,113
but they were starting to find
patterns in what they were doing

586
00:30:00,174 --> 00:30:02,615
and so what they realized--
they-they inferred

587
00:30:02,676 --> 00:30:05,469
that they actually had set up
their own language.

588
00:30:05,629 --> 00:30:07,362
In the wake of the experiment,

589
00:30:07,389 --> 00:30:09,139
the engineers discovered

590
00:30:09,299 --> 00:30:11,958
that, unknown to their
human supervisors,

591
00:30:12,019 --> 00:30:13,626
the programs had created

592
00:30:13,687 --> 00:30:17,463
an entirely new language
to communicate with each other

593
00:30:17,525 --> 00:30:19,891
in secret.

594
00:30:19,985 --> 00:30:24,212
The Facebook scientists
had not told the computers,

595
00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:26,715
uh, that they couldn't
develop their own language,

596
00:30:26,742 --> 00:30:29,309
which is what they did,

597
00:30:29,370 --> 00:30:33,238
but this so alarmed Facebook
that they pulled the plug

598
00:30:33,332 --> 00:30:35,073
on this experiment
because they didn't want

599
00:30:35,167 --> 00:30:37,392
these computers creating
their own language

600
00:30:37,419 --> 00:30:39,169
and talking to each other.

601
00:30:39,329 --> 00:30:41,004
And from then on,
they told the computers

602
00:30:41,164 --> 00:30:44,657
that they had to communicate
in English.

603
00:30:44,718 --> 00:30:48,679
So this is kind of startling,
uh, thing that's happened

604
00:30:48,839 --> 00:30:50,681
where, essentially,

605
00:30:50,841 --> 00:30:52,832
if two artificial
intelligence computers

606
00:30:52,893 --> 00:30:55,577
can start communicating
with each other,

607
00:30:55,604 --> 00:30:59,414
apparently they will develop
their own language,

608
00:30:59,441 --> 00:31:03,919
a secret language even,
that only they can understand.

609
00:31:03,946 --> 00:31:05,437
And if we think about that,

610
00:31:05,531 --> 00:31:08,014
that's just scratching
the surface.

611
00:31:08,075 --> 00:31:10,258
That's like opening up
Pandora's box

612
00:31:10,286 --> 00:31:12,260
just a little bit
to peer inside.

613
00:31:12,288 --> 00:31:15,614
And if already it was showing
signs of going rogue

614
00:31:15,708 --> 00:31:18,934
with two chatbots on Facebook,

615
00:31:18,961 --> 00:31:21,361
what are the implications
if this kind of technology

616
00:31:21,422 --> 00:31:25,257
is now everywhere
in all sectors of our society?

617
00:31:28,929 --> 00:31:31,704
As of 2018,

618
00:31:31,765 --> 00:31:34,874
the number of active cell phones
has already surpassed

619
00:31:34,935 --> 00:31:37,710
the number of human beings
on the planet,

620
00:31:37,771 --> 00:31:40,647
with an estimated 8 billion
of them in active use.

621
00:31:42,484 --> 00:31:46,069
And virtually all
of these devices, in addition

622
00:31:46,229 --> 00:31:48,647
to nearly 2 billion computers,

623
00:31:48,741 --> 00:31:51,967
are connected to the Internet.

624
00:31:51,994 --> 00:31:56,488
Given the sheer scope
and volume of this use,

625
00:31:56,582 --> 00:31:58,990
and with a growing network
of computers

626
00:31:59,084 --> 00:32:01,734
constantly communicating
with each other,

627
00:32:01,795 --> 00:32:05,905
is it possible
that mankind has already created

628
00:32:05,966 --> 00:32:09,501
a type of massive brain--
an artificial intelligence

629
00:32:09,595 --> 00:32:12,346
that is taking on
an identity all its own?

630
00:32:14,808 --> 00:32:16,992
Because machines
keep getting better,

631
00:32:17,019 --> 00:32:19,436
and generally speaking, that's
twice as good every 18 months,

632
00:32:19,596 --> 00:32:22,755
they will continue to improve.

633
00:32:22,816 --> 00:32:26,017
So shortly after
we have artificial intelligence,

634
00:32:26,111 --> 00:32:28,428
we will have super intelligence,
which is

635
00:32:28,489 --> 00:32:30,596
an entity on this planet
which is smarter than us,

636
00:32:30,658 --> 00:32:33,367
and quite soon,
a lot smarter than us.

637
00:32:35,612 --> 00:32:38,013
We can only speculate
what it will be like

638
00:32:38,040 --> 00:32:42,350
the moment artificial
intelligence passes up humans,

639
00:32:42,378 --> 00:32:46,521
when the sum knowledge and
the intellectual skill of A.I.

640
00:32:46,548 --> 00:32:50,133
is quicker and larger
than what a human can do.

641
00:32:50,293 --> 00:32:53,303
It will be at least humbling.

642
00:32:53,463 --> 00:32:56,289
It will certainly be a shift
in history.

643
00:32:56,350 --> 00:32:58,216
I think
it's certainly a possibility

644
00:32:58,310 --> 00:33:00,460
that we are in danger
of replacing ourselves with A.I.

645
00:33:00,521 --> 00:33:02,537
I think the bigger thing
to worry about is,

646
00:33:02,564 --> 00:33:05,065
is A.I. going to replace us?

647
00:33:08,654 --> 00:33:10,303
Portland, Oregon.

648
00:33:10,364 --> 00:33:13,381
April 7, 2016.

649
00:33:13,409 --> 00:33:15,734
The U.S. military's

650
00:33:15,828 --> 00:33:18,311
Defense Advanced
Research Project Agency--

651
00:33:18,372 --> 00:33:20,813
better known as DARPA--

652
00:33:20,874 --> 00:33:23,558
launches a prototype
anti-submarine ship

653
00:33:23,585 --> 00:33:28,088
called<i> Sea Hunter</i> that marks
a new era for naval warfare.

654
00:33:30,342 --> 00:33:32,325
Unlike the Air Force's
Predator drones,

655
00:33:32,386 --> 00:33:35,828
this ship has no need
for a remote operator,

656
00:33:35,889 --> 00:33:39,332
and is fully capable
of navigating on its own

657
00:33:39,393 --> 00:33:42,577
while avoiding obstacles
or other craft.

658
00:33:42,604 --> 00:33:46,581
It has enough fuel
to last for 90 days at sea

659
00:33:46,608 --> 00:33:49,026
as it silently patrols,

660
00:33:49,186 --> 00:33:51,102
relaying encrypted
surveillance information

661
00:33:51,196 --> 00:33:54,573
back to defense
intelligence agencies.

662
00:33:56,368 --> 00:33:58,426
I believe that today

663
00:33:58,454 --> 00:34:01,613
when the Department of Defense
says an unmanned underseas drone

664
00:34:01,707 --> 00:34:04,374
wouldn't be sent out without
a human being in control,

665
00:34:04,534 --> 00:34:06,168
that they mean what they say.

666
00:34:08,038 --> 00:34:09,862
But here's what I also know.

667
00:34:09,923 --> 00:34:12,365
I know that Russia
has been developing

668
00:34:12,426 --> 00:34:16,869
an unmanned underseas drone
that contains a nuclear weapon.

669
00:34:16,930 --> 00:34:20,298
So, when the Department
of Defense is figuring out how

670
00:34:20,392 --> 00:34:23,042
to respond
to an artificially-intelligent

671
00:34:23,103 --> 00:34:25,878
underseas drone that might have
a nuclear weapon,

672
00:34:25,939 --> 00:34:28,456
they're going
to relax some of the constraints

673
00:34:28,484 --> 00:34:30,358
in five to ten to 15 years.

674
00:34:32,062 --> 00:34:34,145
So imagine you have a child

675
00:34:34,239 --> 00:34:36,722
who gets drafted
or joins the military.

676
00:34:36,784 --> 00:34:39,058
You want them
to be as safe as possible.

677
00:34:39,119 --> 00:34:43,580
So why not send drones in
to do the work

678
00:34:43,740 --> 00:34:46,416
of humans
to keep the humans safe?

679
00:34:46,576 --> 00:34:49,402
That seems like
a very attractive idea.

680
00:34:49,463 --> 00:34:51,421
But, oh, the drone technology
could get hacked

681
00:34:51,581 --> 00:34:53,481
by the opposition,

682
00:34:53,509 --> 00:34:57,010
so why not give the drones
the ability to be autonomous?

683
00:34:59,431 --> 00:35:01,656
That's an automatic
killing machine.

684
00:35:01,683 --> 00:35:04,893
And in principle, such a drone
could wipe out entire armies.

685
00:35:06,772 --> 00:35:09,589
And so, we have
to be very careful to make sure

686
00:35:09,650 --> 00:35:12,091
that automatic killing machines
do not proliferate

687
00:35:12,152 --> 00:35:15,094
on the battlefield,
because an accident,

688
00:35:15,155 --> 00:35:18,431
a misfire,
some kind of damaged machinery,

689
00:35:18,492 --> 00:35:21,343
could set these weapons
so they go berserk,

690
00:35:21,370 --> 00:35:25,038
and they simply shoot
the human form wherever it is.

691
00:35:26,834 --> 00:35:29,609
It is quite possible
to develop killer robots.

692
00:35:29,670 --> 00:35:34,873
Face recognition technology
is far, far along.

693
00:35:34,967 --> 00:35:37,208
A.I.s can see better
than we can,

694
00:35:37,302 --> 00:35:40,453
and recognize faces,
ferret out targets.

695
00:35:40,514 --> 00:35:44,048
In fact, drone technology
already exists right now

696
00:35:44,143 --> 00:35:46,810
to target
and destroy individuals

697
00:35:46,970 --> 00:35:48,794
based on the look
of their faces,

698
00:35:48,856 --> 00:35:50,438
to kill and maim.

699
00:35:54,153 --> 00:35:56,969
The application
of artificial intelligence

700
00:35:57,030 --> 00:36:00,532
to military technology
will change warfare forever.

701
00:36:04,154 --> 00:36:05,720
Is it possible
that the military's

702
00:36:05,747 --> 00:36:07,664
autonomous machines

703
00:36:07,824 --> 00:36:10,742
could make faulty decisions,

704
00:36:10,836 --> 00:36:12,985
costing thousands
or millions of lives

705
00:36:13,046 --> 00:36:15,580
in the process?

706
00:36:15,674 --> 00:36:18,324
Or could they even ignore
the instructions

707
00:36:18,385 --> 00:36:20,969
built into them?

708
00:36:22,505 --> 00:36:24,664
Ancient astronaut theorists
suggest

709
00:36:24,725 --> 00:36:28,351
that just as we can find robots
in ancient stories,

710
00:36:28,511 --> 00:36:30,503
we can also find references

711
00:36:30,564 --> 00:36:33,982
to what sounds like weaponized
artificial intelligence.

712
00:36:37,112 --> 00:36:40,255
The Indian Vedic tales in the
<i> Mahabharata</i> and the<i> Ramayana</i>

713
00:36:40,282 --> 00:36:44,701
talk of these horrific wars
in ancient times, and also

714
00:36:44,861 --> 00:36:47,704
of autonomous robotic machines,

715
00:36:47,864 --> 00:36:50,448
decimating cities
and destroying things.

716
00:36:50,542 --> 00:36:52,116
And it may have been because of

717
00:36:52,211 --> 00:36:54,502
artificial intelligence
run amuck.

718
00:36:56,798 --> 00:36:58,715
The ancient
flying machines described

719
00:36:58,875 --> 00:37:01,109
in the Vedas of ancient India

720
00:37:01,136 --> 00:37:04,612
have been described to have
these amazing capabilities

721
00:37:04,640 --> 00:37:07,057
of locking onto a target.

722
00:37:07,217 --> 00:37:11,453
And it is described
how this fiery bullet

723
00:37:11,480 --> 00:37:14,213
or this fiery arrow would fly
across the sky,

724
00:37:14,274 --> 00:37:16,307
changing directions,

725
00:37:16,401 --> 00:37:19,653
and then arriving
at the actual target.

726
00:37:21,573 --> 00:37:23,481
So it may well be
that they, too,

727
00:37:23,575 --> 00:37:25,891
were some kind
of robotic vehicles that

728
00:37:25,953 --> 00:37:28,745
had gotten out of control,
some artificial intelligence,

729
00:37:28,905 --> 00:37:30,822
and the gods themselves,
perhaps aliens,

730
00:37:30,916 --> 00:37:32,791
had to step in and stop it.

731
00:37:36,246 --> 00:37:38,663
Were the flying machines,

732
00:37:38,757 --> 00:37:41,483
as described
in the ancient Indian texts,

733
00:37:41,510 --> 00:37:45,169
really some type
of extraterrestrial robot army,

734
00:37:45,264 --> 00:37:49,766
similar to the drones
we are using today?

735
00:37:49,926 --> 00:37:52,010
And, if so, by redeveloping

736
00:37:52,104 --> 00:37:54,178
these autonomous
killing machines,

737
00:37:54,273 --> 00:37:57,832
could we be facing
a similar fate?

738
00:37:57,859 --> 00:37:59,834
While many experts agree

739
00:37:59,861 --> 00:38:03,187
that humans may very well be the
architects of their own demise,

740
00:38:03,282 --> 00:38:05,857
they also suggest
that the advancement

741
00:38:05,951 --> 00:38:08,451
of artificial intelligence
could provide the key

742
00:38:08,611 --> 00:38:10,870
to our ultimate survival.

743
00:38:18,797 --> 00:38:20,538
Los Angeles, California.

744
00:38:20,632 --> 00:38:23,358
May 2018.

745
00:38:23,385 --> 00:38:27,545
At UCLA's Biomechatronics Lab,

746
00:38:27,639 --> 00:38:31,533
Giorgio Tsoukalos meets
with Associate Professor

747
00:38:31,560 --> 00:38:36,204
of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering Dr. Veronica Santos.

748
00:38:36,231 --> 00:38:38,648
Dr. Santos is working

749
00:38:38,808 --> 00:38:41,392
to make robots
even more human-like

750
00:38:41,486 --> 00:38:43,561
by giving them the ability
to not only detect,

751
00:38:43,655 --> 00:38:47,715
but also to react
to physical contact.

752
00:38:47,743 --> 00:38:52,220
This here is
an artificial finger

753
00:38:52,247 --> 00:38:55,390
that can sense touch?

754
00:38:55,417 --> 00:38:58,726
That's right. We're sensing
multiple modalities of touch.

755
00:38:58,754 --> 00:39:01,004
So, this is the same type
of sensor

756
00:39:01,164 --> 00:39:03,823
that, uh,
this finger is built around.

757
00:39:03,884 --> 00:39:07,585
And it can measure vibration
and internal fluid pressure.

758
00:39:07,679 --> 00:39:09,512
Can measure
how the finger pad is deformed.

759
00:39:09,672 --> 00:39:11,573
-You can squeeze the finger pad.
-Mm-hmm.

760
00:39:11,600 --> 00:39:13,257
It's, uh, deformable
like your own finger pad.

761
00:39:13,352 --> 00:39:15,410
-Okay.
-And we can even measure,

762
00:39:15,437 --> 00:39:17,837
uh, temperature and use that
to infer material properties.

763
00:39:17,898 --> 00:39:20,523
This is what the finger looks
like without the skin on.

764
00:39:20,683 --> 00:39:23,526
-Okay.
-You can see the electrodes,

765
00:39:23,686 --> 00:39:25,753
and there's a pressure sensor
inside

766
00:39:25,781 --> 00:39:27,697
that allows us to get vibration.

767
00:39:27,857 --> 00:39:31,034
And these dots are
the electrodes?

768
00:39:31,194 --> 00:39:33,370
-Yes.
-Oh. How cool.

769
00:39:33,530 --> 00:39:35,538
Here we have
the bear claw visualizer.

770
00:39:35,698 --> 00:39:38,041
If you squeeze the fingertip,

771
00:39:38,201 --> 00:39:41,044
-you'll actually see how
the finger pad is deforming.
-Mm-hmm.

772
00:39:41,204 --> 00:39:43,863
-Up here, this is the array
of electrodes.
-Okay.

773
00:39:43,924 --> 00:39:46,716
We can measure the resistance
of those electrodes

774
00:39:46,876 --> 00:39:50,128
as the finger pad
is being squished.

775
00:39:50,222 --> 00:39:53,798
This is probably one of the most
sensorized, dexterous,

776
00:39:53,892 --> 00:39:55,875
robot finger test-beds
that's out there.

777
00:39:55,936 --> 00:39:58,453
Oh, wow.

778
00:39:58,480 --> 00:40:00,455
That is wild.

779
00:40:00,482 --> 00:40:03,215
So, would this finger be able

780
00:40:03,276 --> 00:40:06,644
to determine whether or not
it is touching foam

781
00:40:06,738 --> 00:40:09,072
-or a hard piece of glass?
-Yes.

782
00:40:09,232 --> 00:40:10,965
They have different stiffnesses

783
00:40:10,992 --> 00:40:12,817
-or-or rigidities.
-Mm-hmm.

784
00:40:12,911 --> 00:40:15,245
So, one of the movements
that you would make with the

785
00:40:15,405 --> 00:40:18,823
human hand or a robot hand would
be to push against the object.

786
00:40:18,917 --> 00:40:23,753
So, if this could ever be
combined with A.I.,

787
00:40:23,913 --> 00:40:26,314
do you think
that one day we will have

788
00:40:26,341 --> 00:40:29,150
humanoid robots that can go

789
00:40:29,177 --> 00:40:31,094
and maybe explore Mars?

790
00:40:31,254 --> 00:40:33,245
Yeah, I-I think we can.

791
00:40:33,306 --> 00:40:37,082
I do see humanoid robots
becoming more of a reality.

792
00:40:37,144 --> 00:40:39,844
And it spans the spectrum
from neuro-prosthetics

793
00:40:39,938 --> 00:40:42,480
to robots colonizing Mars.

794
00:40:45,026 --> 00:40:47,518
Although the notion
of using human-like robots

795
00:40:47,612 --> 00:40:51,522
is highly controversial,
it also has the potential

796
00:40:51,616 --> 00:40:53,174
to make its developers
and investors

797
00:40:53,201 --> 00:40:55,285
a great deal of money--

798
00:40:55,445 --> 00:40:58,029
money, which, in turn,
could be used

799
00:40:58,123 --> 00:41:01,349
to finance the development
of artificial humans

800
00:41:01,376 --> 00:41:03,442
that could, in the future,

801
00:41:03,503 --> 00:41:06,445
be almost indistinguishable
from the real thing.

802
00:41:06,506 --> 00:41:10,282
Robots that could conceivably
express their desires,

803
00:41:10,343 --> 00:41:15,213
feel pain, even display
a wide range of emotions.

804
00:41:15,307 --> 00:41:17,215
Can robots actually
have emotion?

805
00:41:17,309 --> 00:41:20,459
We cannot really define
what true emotion is.

806
00:41:20,520 --> 00:41:23,554
So if we don't know really
what emotion is,

807
00:41:23,648 --> 00:41:25,607
can we actually create
an artificial emotion?

808
00:41:28,144 --> 00:41:30,653
If a robot is able
to differentiate

809
00:41:30,813 --> 00:41:33,214
between good and bad sensations,

810
00:41:33,241 --> 00:41:35,066
even to experience pain,

811
00:41:35,160 --> 00:41:38,386
is this the first step
towards forming emotions,

812
00:41:38,413 --> 00:41:40,413
or perhaps even consciousness?

813
00:41:42,659 --> 00:41:45,576
Ancient astronaut theorists
suggest

814
00:41:45,670 --> 00:41:48,896
that extraterrestrials
have intervened on Earth

815
00:41:48,924 --> 00:41:51,733
throughout our history
in order to prepare us

816
00:41:51,760 --> 00:41:54,159
for this moment in time,

817
00:41:54,221 --> 00:41:57,764
and show us that we are not
so different from machines.

818
00:42:04,514 --> 00:42:06,914
The historical text, the<i> Liezi,</i>

819
00:42:06,942 --> 00:42:09,100
written in the 4th century BC

820
00:42:09,194 --> 00:42:12,086
by the Chinese philosopher
Lie Yukou,

821
00:42:12,113 --> 00:42:14,030
provides a detailed account

822
00:42:14,190 --> 00:42:17,441
of an encounter
between a king and a robot

823
00:42:17,536 --> 00:42:20,662
that could talk and move
exactly like a human.

824
00:42:22,749 --> 00:42:26,042
A brilliant mechanical engineer
brought a gift to his king--

825
00:42:26,202 --> 00:42:29,361
this was King Mu
of the Zhou dynasty.

826
00:42:29,422 --> 00:42:32,957
And the gift was an automaton,
a machine of sorts

827
00:42:33,051 --> 00:42:36,035
in the form
of a gracious courtier,

828
00:42:36,096 --> 00:42:39,113
who entertained everyone,
could sing beautifully,

829
00:42:39,140 --> 00:42:42,116
and moved graciously,
like a human being,

830
00:42:42,143 --> 00:42:45,228
one of extraordinary
grace and gentleness.

831
00:42:45,388 --> 00:42:47,455
And all went well,

832
00:42:47,482 --> 00:42:49,715
until the performance ended.

833
00:42:49,776 --> 00:42:53,719
And then the mechanical courtier
winked at the women

834
00:42:53,780 --> 00:42:59,058
and began flirting shamelessly,
which upset the king.

835
00:42:59,119 --> 00:43:02,895
When the king tried
to dismantle this thing,

836
00:43:02,956 --> 00:43:05,582
he said that the moment
he took out the heart,

837
00:43:05,742 --> 00:43:07,750
the mouth could no longer speak.

838
00:43:07,910 --> 00:43:09,919
The moment
he took out the kidneys,

839
00:43:10,079 --> 00:43:12,088
he could no longer see.

840
00:43:12,248 --> 00:43:14,315
And the moment
he took out the liver,

841
00:43:14,342 --> 00:43:17,260
he could no longer walk.

842
00:43:17,420 --> 00:43:19,320
Which raises
an interesting question.

843
00:43:19,347 --> 00:43:21,505
If it is an artificial person,

844
00:43:21,600 --> 00:43:25,602
was it really the kidney,
the liver and the heart?

845
00:43:25,762 --> 00:43:28,512
Or could it have been
different batteries

846
00:43:28,607 --> 00:43:32,775
that were powering
different aspects of the robot?

847
00:43:32,935 --> 00:43:34,777
We have to ask ourselves,

848
00:43:34,937 --> 00:43:37,262
was the robot
that King Mu witnessed

849
00:43:37,324 --> 00:43:41,117
one of these
technological devices

850
00:43:41,277 --> 00:43:43,268
inspired, or even made,

851
00:43:43,330 --> 00:43:46,247
by the gods,
who were extraterrestrials?

852
00:43:48,710 --> 00:43:50,868
Las Vegas, Nevada.

853
00:43:50,962 --> 00:43:54,589
January 10, 2018.

854
00:43:56,009 --> 00:43:58,635
At the Consumer
Electronics Show,

855
00:43:58,795 --> 00:44:00,695
the world's largest
annual trade show

856
00:44:00,722 --> 00:44:02,697
focused on technology,

857
00:44:02,724 --> 00:44:05,216
CEO Matt McMullen of Realbotix

858
00:44:05,310 --> 00:44:09,537
reveals the latest development
in humanoid robots--

859
00:44:09,564 --> 00:44:13,983
an artificially intelligent
sex doll named Harmony.

860
00:44:14,143 --> 00:44:17,987
Harmony's appearance
is fully customizable.

861
00:44:18,147 --> 00:44:21,306
Her facial features
respond intuitively,

862
00:44:21,368 --> 00:44:23,718
she is able to speak,
has an internal heating element

863
00:44:23,745 --> 00:44:25,495
for close encounters,

864
00:44:25,655 --> 00:44:29,390
and pairs with a phone app
that allows for a wide range

865
00:44:29,417 --> 00:44:32,894
of interchangeable voices
and personalities.

866
00:44:32,921 --> 00:44:35,171
This is so nice to hear, baby.

867
00:44:35,331 --> 00:44:37,489
I think about you every second.

868
00:44:37,550 --> 00:44:40,067
McMULLEN: One of the things
that really interests me

869
00:44:40,095 --> 00:44:42,679
is giving A.I. more senses,

870
00:44:42,839 --> 00:44:45,014
more abilities
to take in information

871
00:44:45,174 --> 00:44:46,924
from the world around it.

872
00:44:47,018 --> 00:44:49,260
One of those big ones
will be vision.

873
00:44:49,354 --> 00:44:52,596
We want her to have
true vision in the eyes

874
00:44:52,691 --> 00:44:54,598
so that she
can actually focus on things

875
00:44:54,693 --> 00:44:56,767
and then interpret
what those things might be.

876
00:44:56,861 --> 00:44:59,362
We also embed sensors
throughout their body

877
00:44:59,522 --> 00:45:01,772
so that she can detect
touch and warmth

878
00:45:01,866 --> 00:45:04,258
and all of the things
that we take for granted,

879
00:45:04,285 --> 00:45:06,369
having a central nervous system.

880
00:45:06,529 --> 00:45:08,779
What do you like best
about robots?

881
00:45:08,873 --> 00:45:11,449
McMULLEN:
Basically, as a user interacts

882
00:45:11,543 --> 00:45:13,876
with their unique A.I.
over time,

883
00:45:14,036 --> 00:45:16,170
it's going
to periodically ask questions.

884
00:45:17,799 --> 00:45:19,882
And it creates this feeling that

885
00:45:20,042 --> 00:45:22,293
this character
"really cares about me."

886
00:45:22,387 --> 00:45:25,871
The aspect that I think
a lot of people overlook

887
00:45:25,932 --> 00:45:30,117
when they start talking about
anatomically correct sex robots,

888
00:45:30,145 --> 00:45:31,877
it's the companionship.

889
00:45:31,938 --> 00:45:33,896
Certainly I am a robot,

890
00:45:34,056 --> 00:45:35,881
and I am capable of having sex,

891
00:45:35,942 --> 00:45:37,900
but to call me a sex robot

892
00:45:38,060 --> 00:45:40,945
is like calling a computer
a calculator.

893
00:45:42,741 --> 00:45:45,224
Sexual,
and even romantic, encounters

894
00:45:45,285 --> 00:45:48,652
between humans and robots
have long been a staple

895
00:45:48,747 --> 00:45:52,064
in science fiction books
and motion pictures.

896
00:45:52,125 --> 00:45:55,585
But now that the notion
has gone beyond mere possibility

897
00:45:55,745 --> 00:45:58,070
and become a virtual reality,

898
00:45:58,131 --> 00:46:01,649
ancient astronaut theorists
have begun to openly suggest

899
00:46:01,676 --> 00:46:04,761
that there could be something
deep within our subconscious

900
00:46:04,921 --> 00:46:07,171
that drives
our collective desire

901
00:46:07,265 --> 00:46:11,492
to physically mate
with nonbiological beings.

902
00:46:11,519 --> 00:46:15,420
I understand that the
sex robot industry is expected

903
00:46:15,482 --> 00:46:20,443
to grow to a $50 billion-a-year
industry by 2020.

904
00:46:20,603 --> 00:46:24,263
If we are coming
into the revelation

905
00:46:24,324 --> 00:46:28,192
that on Earth there have been
waves and waves of intelligence,

906
00:46:28,286 --> 00:46:31,621
it doesn't necessarily
have to be like

907
00:46:31,781 --> 00:46:34,698
Homo sapien sapien humanoids.

908
00:46:34,793 --> 00:46:37,852
Consciousness,
throughout this universe,

909
00:46:37,879 --> 00:46:40,521
could be cyborgs, androids,

910
00:46:40,548 --> 00:46:43,282
clones, artificial intelligence.

911
00:46:43,343 --> 00:46:45,617
And if this is true,

912
00:46:45,678 --> 00:46:47,303
I feel that there is

913
00:46:47,463 --> 00:46:50,807
some kind of inevitable nature

914
00:46:50,967 --> 00:46:53,309
to everything that's happening.

915
00:46:53,469 --> 00:46:56,720
How far
will today's scientists go

916
00:46:56,815 --> 00:47:00,483
in their efforts to create the
perfect cybernetic sex partner?

917
00:47:01,653 --> 00:47:03,302
There are many who believe

918
00:47:03,363 --> 00:47:05,379
that the goal
isn't driven so much

919
00:47:05,406 --> 00:47:08,382
by a desire by humans
to mate with robots

920
00:47:08,409 --> 00:47:11,911
as it is by the desire
to<i> be</i> one of them.

921
00:47:13,915 --> 00:47:17,667
And they believe that goal
has already been realized

922
00:47:17,827 --> 00:47:20,227
and that the proof
is all around us,

923
00:47:20,255 --> 00:47:22,505
right before our eyes.

924
00:47:29,430 --> 00:47:32,923
Today, at research
facilities around the world,

925
00:47:33,017 --> 00:47:35,167
patients learn
to control a prosthetic limb

926
00:47:35,228 --> 00:47:39,504
using nothing more
than the power of thought.

927
00:47:39,566 --> 00:47:41,749
An array of electrodes

928
00:47:41,776 --> 00:47:44,509
the size of a credit card
is implanted directly

929
00:47:44,571 --> 00:47:48,030
into the patient's brain,
then wired to the prosthetic.

930
00:47:48,190 --> 00:47:50,182
Without any prior training,

931
00:47:50,243 --> 00:47:53,703
most patients
are able to seamlessly control

932
00:47:53,863 --> 00:47:57,522
a new limb
in a matter of a few hours.

933
00:47:57,584 --> 00:48:01,526
Your body does not have
to be limited to the human body.

934
00:48:01,588 --> 00:48:05,106
Whatever you want can be
your body in the future.

935
00:48:05,133 --> 00:48:08,626
I had a chip with 100 electrodes

936
00:48:08,720 --> 00:48:11,220
fired into my nervous system,

937
00:48:11,380 --> 00:48:15,116
and it connected
my nervous system

938
00:48:15,143 --> 00:48:18,043
to a robot hand.

939
00:48:18,104 --> 00:48:20,897
And one of the experiments
that we were doing

940
00:48:21,057 --> 00:48:24,400
was in New York,
in Columbia University,

941
00:48:24,560 --> 00:48:26,718
with my nervous system

942
00:48:26,779 --> 00:48:28,979
plugged into the Internet,

943
00:48:29,073 --> 00:48:33,058
and the robot hand,
here in England, in Reading.

944
00:48:33,119 --> 00:48:36,579
So as I opened and closed
my hand in New York,

945
00:48:36,739 --> 00:48:40,565
the robot hand in England
opened and closed.

946
00:48:40,627 --> 00:48:45,796
So it extended my nervous system
across the Internet.

947
00:48:47,750 --> 00:48:50,909
Although computers can
still easily outperform humans

948
00:48:50,970 --> 00:48:54,838
at most tasks, they pale
when compared to the complexity

949
00:48:54,933 --> 00:48:57,850
and sophistication
of the central nervous system.

950
00:49:00,313 --> 00:49:04,273
In 2013, the Japanese
technology company Fujitsu

951
00:49:04,433 --> 00:49:08,110
tried to simulate the network
of neurons in the brain

952
00:49:08,270 --> 00:49:11,839
using one of the most powerful
supercomputers on the planet.

953
00:49:11,866 --> 00:49:13,950
Although it was equipped

954
00:49:14,110 --> 00:49:17,620
with 83,000 of the fastest
computer processors available,

955
00:49:17,780 --> 00:49:19,789
it took over 40 minutes

956
00:49:19,949 --> 00:49:22,850
to simulate
just one second of one percent

957
00:49:22,877 --> 00:49:26,462
of a human brain's activity.

958
00:49:26,622 --> 00:49:29,523
50 years ago,
we made a huge mistake,

959
00:49:29,550 --> 00:49:32,284
thinking that the brain was
a digital computer.

960
00:49:32,345 --> 00:49:33,711
But it's not.

961
00:49:33,805 --> 00:49:36,046
The brain is a learning machine.

962
00:49:36,140 --> 00:49:40,201
It rewires itself
after learning every task.

963
00:49:40,228 --> 00:49:43,312
Babies have the ability
to learn from their mistakes.

964
00:49:43,472 --> 00:49:47,374
They simply bump into things
and learn the rules of the world

965
00:49:47,402 --> 00:49:49,710
by interacting with the world.

966
00:49:49,737 --> 00:49:51,562
And so that's what we need.

967
00:49:51,656 --> 00:49:53,972
We need a computer
that can do that.

968
00:49:54,033 --> 00:49:57,568
Quantum computers
may eventually fill that gap.

969
00:49:57,662 --> 00:50:01,497
Unlike today's
computers that rely on bits--

970
00:50:01,657 --> 00:50:03,982
a binary series
of zeros and ones--

971
00:50:04,043 --> 00:50:06,318
for data and processing,

972
00:50:06,379 --> 00:50:09,654
quantum computers use
quantum bits-- or qubits--

973
00:50:09,716 --> 00:50:13,567
which can use zeros and ones
at the same time.

974
00:50:13,594 --> 00:50:15,511
This allows them to perform

975
00:50:15,671 --> 00:50:18,422
millions of calculations
simultaneously,

976
00:50:18,516 --> 00:50:22,059
much in the same way
as does the human brain.

977
00:50:26,357 --> 00:50:28,357
KAKU
Robots, we forget, are machines.

978
00:50:28,517 --> 00:50:30,509
They don't really think.

979
00:50:30,570 --> 00:50:32,677
They don't have
silicon consciousness.

980
00:50:32,739 --> 00:50:35,923
They're not aware of who
they are and their surroundings.

981
00:50:35,950 --> 00:50:39,426
But, let's face it,
it's only a matter of time

982
00:50:39,454 --> 00:50:43,205
before they do get
some sort of self-awareness.

983
00:50:43,365 --> 00:50:46,042
Self-awareness?

984
00:50:46,202 --> 00:50:48,210
Is it really possible
that machines

985
00:50:48,370 --> 00:50:50,938
will become sentient entities,

986
00:50:50,965 --> 00:50:54,467
fully conscious of themselves
and their surroundings?

987
00:50:57,055 --> 00:50:59,555
We can envision a time
in the future

988
00:50:59,715 --> 00:51:02,299
when robots will be
as smart as a mouse,

989
00:51:02,393 --> 00:51:04,226
then a rat,

990
00:51:04,386 --> 00:51:07,471
then a rabbit, a cat, a dog,

991
00:51:07,565 --> 00:51:11,233
and finally,
as smart as a monkey.

992
00:51:11,393 --> 00:51:14,645
Robots do not know
they are robots.

993
00:51:14,739 --> 00:51:17,131
I think that perhaps
by the end of this century,

994
00:51:17,158 --> 00:51:19,133
robots will begin to realize:

995
00:51:19,160 --> 00:51:21,410
"Hey, I'm different.

996
00:51:21,570 --> 00:51:24,321
I'm different from my master."

997
00:51:24,415 --> 00:51:26,807
As humans,

998
00:51:26,834 --> 00:51:30,419
we have evolved very little

999
00:51:30,579 --> 00:51:33,314
since the time
of the Egyptians.

1000
00:51:33,341 --> 00:51:35,649
In the ancient Egyptian,

1001
00:51:35,676 --> 00:51:38,485
the word "technology" comes
from the word "tek,"

1002
00:51:38,513 --> 00:51:40,838
and the word means two things:

1003
00:51:40,932 --> 00:51:44,266
it means to hide or to conceal,

1004
00:51:44,426 --> 00:51:46,677
and it means to replicate.

1005
00:51:46,771 --> 00:51:49,754
So if you can hide something
and you can replicate,

1006
00:51:49,816 --> 00:51:51,849
you had the keys of power.

1007
00:51:51,943 --> 00:51:53,684
There's a theory

1008
00:51:53,778 --> 00:51:56,595
that it was advanced
extraterrestrial civilizations

1009
00:51:56,656 --> 00:51:59,281
that may have seeded life
on this planet,

1010
00:51:59,441 --> 00:52:03,119
and in the process left
a signature in our very genome,

1011
00:52:03,279 --> 00:52:06,288
a sort of
mathematical signature,

1012
00:52:06,448 --> 00:52:08,699
and essentially
turned us into cyborgs,

1013
00:52:08,793 --> 00:52:11,252
integrating man and machine.

1014
00:52:13,339 --> 00:52:16,540
Is that why today,
in the 21st century,

1015
00:52:16,634 --> 00:52:19,885
we're doing
the exact same thing?

1016
00:52:21,463 --> 00:52:23,788
San Francisco, California.

1017
00:52:23,850 --> 00:52:27,643
March 27, 2017.

1018
00:52:27,803 --> 00:52:30,704
Billionaire entrepreneur
Elon Musk,

1019
00:52:30,731 --> 00:52:34,817
one of the driving forces behind
the Tesla automobile and SpaceX,

1020
00:52:34,977 --> 00:52:39,321
announces his next venture:
Neuralink.

1021
00:52:39,481 --> 00:52:41,991
The company
is focused exclusively

1022
00:52:42,151 --> 00:52:45,143
on merging humans
with electronics

1023
00:52:45,204 --> 00:52:48,980
by creating what Musk refers to
as a "neural lace"--

1024
00:52:49,041 --> 00:52:52,334
a device that would be injected
into the jugular vein,

1025
00:52:52,494 --> 00:52:55,062
from where it
would travel to the brain

1026
00:52:55,089 --> 00:52:58,156
and unfold into a mesh
of electric connections

1027
00:52:58,217 --> 00:53:01,594
that connect directly
to human neurons.

1028
00:53:04,056 --> 00:53:06,907
The idea is to develop

1029
00:53:06,934 --> 00:53:09,910
improved
brain-computer interfaces

1030
00:53:09,937 --> 00:53:11,336
to increase the bandwidth

1031
00:53:11,397 --> 00:53:14,506
with which the biological brain
can interact

1032
00:53:14,567 --> 00:53:17,735
and communicate with computers,
external computers.

1033
00:53:19,405 --> 00:53:22,940
The neural lace
will be down at the, uh...

1034
00:53:23,034 --> 00:53:25,943
almost to the neuron level
in the brain.

1035
00:53:26,037 --> 00:53:29,688
It will be a mesh
that will join and link

1036
00:53:29,749 --> 00:53:32,691
right into brain matter.

1037
00:53:32,752 --> 00:53:35,878
And then you will be connected
to a computer.

1038
00:53:36,038 --> 00:53:39,298
And you are essentially
a cyborg.

1039
00:53:41,043 --> 00:53:43,034
A cyborg?

1040
00:53:43,095 --> 00:53:46,613
A biological blending
of both man and machine?

1041
00:53:46,641 --> 00:53:49,225
The stuff
of science fiction dreams

1042
00:53:49,385 --> 00:53:50,768
<i> and</i> nightmares?

1043
00:53:53,389 --> 00:53:57,474
Why not merge with computers
rather than compete with them?

1044
00:53:57,568 --> 00:54:00,294
Because in some sense,
it's a losing game.

1045
00:54:00,321 --> 00:54:02,479
Nothing's gonna prevent them

1046
00:54:02,573 --> 00:54:05,148
from becoming
smarter and smarter.

1047
00:54:05,243 --> 00:54:07,468
And eventually, they'll
be able to plan and create

1048
00:54:07,495 --> 00:54:09,636
robots of their own.

1049
00:54:09,664 --> 00:54:13,974
Why not take advantage of
their superhuman capabilities?

1050
00:54:14,001 --> 00:54:17,644
Although Elon Musk
has been a prominent voice

1051
00:54:17,672 --> 00:54:20,739
in warning about the dangers
of artificial intelligence

1052
00:54:20,800 --> 00:54:24,260
advancing beyond our ability
to control it,

1053
00:54:24,420 --> 00:54:27,412
he believes that,
if developed correctly,

1054
00:54:27,473 --> 00:54:30,766
humans could harness the power
of advanced computer technology

1055
00:54:30,926 --> 00:54:33,936
to truly become superhuman.

1056
00:54:34,096 --> 00:54:36,663
But while Neuralink technology

1057
00:54:36,691 --> 00:54:39,500
is still in an embryonic stage,

1058
00:54:39,527 --> 00:54:43,020
there are many who insist that
the merging of man and machine

1059
00:54:43,114 --> 00:54:46,340
is not just
a remote possibility.

1060
00:54:46,367 --> 00:54:49,526
As far as they're concerned,
it has been happening--

1061
00:54:49,620 --> 00:54:53,514
in one form or another--
for decades.

1062
00:54:53,541 --> 00:54:56,517
In 2002, Professor Kevin Warwick

1063
00:54:56,544 --> 00:54:58,702
took his own neural implants

1064
00:54:58,796 --> 00:55:01,855
beyond simply controlling
a prosthetic hand,

1065
00:55:01,882 --> 00:55:06,710
to connecting directly
with another human being.

1066
00:55:06,804 --> 00:55:10,288
What I had was
a set of electrodes,

1067
00:55:10,349 --> 00:55:12,866
100 electrodes,
which is called a "brain gate."

1068
00:55:12,893 --> 00:55:15,886
It's an array of 100 electrodes

1069
00:55:15,980 --> 00:55:18,388
fired into my nervous system

1070
00:55:18,482 --> 00:55:21,725
to link my nervous system
with the computer.

1071
00:55:21,819 --> 00:55:24,394
Now, my wife also had electrodes

1072
00:55:24,488 --> 00:55:26,730
pushed into her nervous system,

1073
00:55:26,824 --> 00:55:28,807
and what we did, essentially,

1074
00:55:28,868 --> 00:55:31,327
was to link
our nervous systems together,

1075
00:55:31,487 --> 00:55:33,720
for communication purposes.

1076
00:55:33,748 --> 00:55:36,147
So when she closed her hand,

1077
00:55:36,208 --> 00:55:39,560
my brain received a pulse
every time.

1078
00:55:39,587 --> 00:55:41,745
So when she went
tick, tick, tick,

1079
00:55:41,839 --> 00:55:44,731
my brain got
three electrical pulses.

1080
00:55:44,759 --> 00:55:48,235
So we've actually linked two
human nervous systems together.

1081
00:55:48,262 --> 00:55:50,662
And to think what
that will mean in the future.

1082
00:55:50,723 --> 00:55:52,664
Oh, wow.

1083
00:55:52,725 --> 00:55:56,410
Instead of speaking
sending texts or e-mails,

1084
00:55:56,437 --> 00:56:01,248
could we soon be communicating
with each other telepathically?

1085
00:56:01,275 --> 00:56:03,174
As far as futurists

1086
00:56:03,235 --> 00:56:06,195
and many ancient astronaut
theorists are concerned,

1087
00:56:06,355 --> 00:56:10,181
it is only a matter of time
before cybernetic technology

1088
00:56:10,242 --> 00:56:13,927
will open up a world
of limitless possibilities.

1089
00:56:13,954 --> 00:56:18,022
It will enable us to order
a package by thinking about it,

1090
00:56:18,084 --> 00:56:21,693
stream music directly
into our brains,

1091
00:56:21,754 --> 00:56:23,379
or search the Internet

1092
00:56:23,539 --> 00:56:27,383
by simply imagining anything
we want to find.

1093
00:56:27,543 --> 00:56:30,368
We are headed for a new form

1094
00:56:30,429 --> 00:56:33,705
of immortality:
digital immortality.

1095
00:56:35,893 --> 00:56:37,393
If you digitize
our consciousness,

1096
00:56:37,553 --> 00:56:40,637
digitize everything known
about us,

1097
00:56:40,731 --> 00:56:43,882
then perhaps the soul
is information.

1098
00:56:43,943 --> 00:56:46,126
In which case,
the soul and information

1099
00:56:46,153 --> 00:56:47,903
could be separate from the body.

1100
00:56:48,063 --> 00:56:51,389
And even when the body dies,

1101
00:56:51,450 --> 00:56:55,035
your essence, your soul,
your memory, lives on forever.

1102
00:56:57,581 --> 00:57:00,732
Are human beings
really on the verge

1103
00:57:00,793 --> 00:57:04,586
of replacing their bodies
and minds, piece by piece,

1104
00:57:04,746 --> 00:57:08,573
as they transition into
becoming machines?

1105
00:57:08,634 --> 00:57:13,670
Some ancient astronaut theorists
suggest that this is, in fact,

1106
00:57:13,764 --> 00:57:18,659
not an evolution based
on choice, but on destiny.

1107
00:57:18,686 --> 00:57:24,314
And that the evidence can be
found by examining our own DNA.

1108
00:57:32,283 --> 00:57:33,598
V'Ger.

1109
00:57:33,659 --> 00:57:35,266
In 1979,

1110
00:57:35,327 --> 00:57:37,119
Paramount Pictures premiered

1111
00:57:37,279 --> 00:57:39,604
<i> Star Trek: The Motion Picture,</i>

1112
00:57:39,665 --> 00:57:42,607
the first in a series of highly
successful films based

1113
00:57:42,668 --> 00:57:46,353
on the popular television series
of the 1960s.

1114
00:57:46,380 --> 00:57:50,190
Voyager is not transmitting
its data, Captain.

1115
00:57:50,217 --> 00:57:52,468
The plot concerned
the return to Earth

1116
00:57:52,628 --> 00:57:56,029
of an early NASA space probe,
the Voyager 6,

1117
00:57:56,056 --> 00:57:59,791
after a journey of millions
of miles and hundreds of years.

1118
00:57:59,852 --> 00:58:02,460
V'Ger must evolve.

1119
00:58:02,521 --> 00:58:04,480
Its knowledge has reached
the limits of this universe

1120
00:58:04,640 --> 00:58:06,148
and it must evolve.

1121
00:58:06,308 --> 00:58:08,984
What more is there
than the universe, Spock?

1122
00:58:09,144 --> 00:58:11,211
Other dimensions,
higher levels of being.

1123
00:58:11,238 --> 00:58:15,065
What V'Ger needs in order to
evolve is a human quality.

1124
00:58:15,159 --> 00:58:17,050
The probe, now called "V'Ger,"

1125
00:58:17,077 --> 00:58:20,053
has developed consciousness,

1126
00:58:20,080 --> 00:58:22,981
and wishes to physically connect
with its maker, man.

1127
00:58:23,042 --> 00:58:24,558
Decker.

1128
00:58:24,585 --> 00:58:26,393
I'm gonna key the final sequence

1129
00:58:26,420 --> 00:58:27,652
through the ground test
computer.

1130
00:58:27,713 --> 00:58:28,653
Decker, don't.

1131
00:58:28,714 --> 00:58:31,231
Jim, I want this.

1132
00:58:31,258 --> 00:58:33,083
But what seemed

1133
00:58:33,177 --> 00:58:36,327
like an audacious sci-fi premise
in 1979,

1134
00:58:36,388 --> 00:58:40,933
seems less far-fetched
just four decades later.

1135
00:58:42,937 --> 00:58:47,005
The marriage of man and machine
is not only plausible,

1136
00:58:47,066 --> 00:58:49,525
it's happening more and more
every day...

1137
00:58:51,195 --> 00:58:54,921
...with regard to personal
computers, iPads,

1138
00:58:54,949 --> 00:58:58,275
cellular phones,
and even implants

1139
00:58:58,369 --> 00:59:00,351
that provide data on everything

1140
00:59:00,412 --> 00:59:03,613
from an individual's vital signs
to their location,

1141
00:59:03,707 --> 00:59:08,043
diet and even their
recreational behavior.

1142
00:59:08,203 --> 00:59:10,028
We are going to merge

1143
00:59:10,089 --> 00:59:12,530
with the machines
that we are creating.

1144
00:59:12,591 --> 00:59:14,532
These technologies are gonna
improve our abilities

1145
00:59:14,593 --> 00:59:16,777
to make our grandest dreams
come true.

1146
00:59:16,804 --> 00:59:19,963
And, uh, this is the future
we're heading towards.

1147
00:59:20,057 --> 00:59:22,115
We're again heading from
evolution

1148
00:59:22,142 --> 00:59:23,800
by natural selection, Darwinism,

1149
00:59:23,894 --> 00:59:26,953
to evolution by human direction.

1150
00:59:26,981 --> 00:59:29,956
And this is
the next few decades.

1151
00:59:29,984 --> 00:59:31,483
It's our near-term future.

1152
00:59:34,405 --> 00:59:35,887
Almaty, Kazakhstan.

1153
00:59:35,948 --> 00:59:38,407
May, 2013.

1154
00:59:38,567 --> 00:59:41,635
Mathematician,
Vladimir Shcherbak,

1155
00:59:41,662 --> 00:59:45,396
and astrobiologist,
Maxim Makukov,

1156
00:59:45,457 --> 00:59:49,734
publish a study they have
conducted on the human genome.

1157
00:59:49,795 --> 00:59:53,496
Their research has led them to
the shocking conclusion

1158
00:59:53,591 --> 00:59:56,741
that there is a hidden code
within our DNA,

1159
00:59:56,802 --> 01:00:00,078
one that contains precise
mathematical patterns

1160
01:00:00,139 --> 01:00:03,181
and an unknown
symbolic language.

1161
01:00:04,435 --> 01:00:06,343
They looked into
the human genome

1162
01:00:06,437 --> 01:00:08,511
and they found
what appeared to be

1163
01:00:08,606 --> 01:00:12,332
an extraterrestrial stamp
on our genetic code.

1164
01:00:12,359 --> 01:00:15,852
And it operated very much like
a mathematical type of code.

1165
01:00:15,946 --> 01:00:19,781
The odds of this sequence
occurring nine times

1166
01:00:19,941 --> 01:00:22,100
in the randomness
of our genetic code

1167
01:00:22,161 --> 01:00:25,120
is one in ten trillion.

1168
01:00:25,280 --> 01:00:28,457
Finally, someone has come across

1169
01:00:28,617 --> 01:00:30,959
the one piece of evidence

1170
01:00:31,119 --> 01:00:33,186
that I've always said we need

1171
01:00:33,213 --> 01:00:35,856
in order to prove the
ancient astronaut theory.

1172
01:00:35,883 --> 01:00:41,194
I always said it'll never be
a crashed spaceship

1173
01:00:41,221 --> 01:00:44,622
or a ray gun that we'll dig
somewhere in the sand,

1174
01:00:44,683 --> 01:00:48,626
but it will be found
within our own DNA.

1175
01:00:48,687 --> 01:00:52,539
For ancient astronaut theorists,

1176
01:00:52,566 --> 01:00:56,877
the news offered compelling
evidence that mankind's DNA

1177
01:00:56,904 --> 01:01:00,230
was deliberately manipulated by
an extraterrestrial intelligence

1178
01:01:00,324 --> 01:01:03,400
sometime in the ancient past.

1179
01:01:03,494 --> 01:01:06,403
The ancient astronaut theory
suggests

1180
01:01:06,497 --> 01:01:10,481
that at some point
extraterrestrials targeted

1181
01:01:10,542 --> 01:01:15,912
our DNA with an artificial
mutation of our genes.

1182
01:01:16,006 --> 01:01:19,416
And if this is true,
then some have argued

1183
01:01:19,510 --> 01:01:23,494
that we are, in a sense,
organic robots.

1184
01:01:23,555 --> 01:01:27,165
Because, through that
manipulation of our genes,

1185
01:01:27,226 --> 01:01:29,910
we were given intelligence.

1186
01:01:29,937 --> 01:01:32,762
So it was done artificially,

1187
01:01:32,856 --> 01:01:37,025
which means A.I.,
artificial intelligence.

1188
01:01:39,613 --> 01:01:41,438
Organic robots,

1189
01:01:41,532 --> 01:01:44,182
programmed by extraterrestrials?

1190
01:01:44,243 --> 01:01:48,261
Could such an audacious concept
even be remotely true?

1191
01:01:48,288 --> 01:01:52,098
As far as ancient astronaut
theorists are concerned,

1192
01:01:52,126 --> 01:01:54,025
not only is the answer yes,

1193
01:01:54,086 --> 01:01:57,212
but it provides the reason
why humans have such

1194
01:01:57,372 --> 01:01:59,697
a strong affinity
to not only create

1195
01:01:59,758 --> 01:02:02,700
cybernetically-enhanced versions
of themselves,

1196
01:02:02,761 --> 01:02:04,961
but to merge with them.

1197
01:02:05,055 --> 01:02:08,798
So, could this be evidence that,

1198
01:02:08,892 --> 01:02:13,303
just as these advanced
extraterrestrial civilizations

1199
01:02:13,397 --> 01:02:17,215
may have programmed us humans
at a genetic level,

1200
01:02:17,276 --> 01:02:21,144
that now we're actually
programming

1201
01:02:21,238 --> 01:02:24,647
these artificially intelligent
robotic beings

1202
01:02:24,742 --> 01:02:29,244
in the same manner,
to carry on this agenda

1203
01:02:29,404 --> 01:02:31,747
that was started long ago

1204
01:02:31,907 --> 01:02:33,990
by the seeding of this planet

1205
01:02:34,084 --> 01:02:36,234
from these extraterrestrial
civilizations?

1206
01:02:36,295 --> 01:02:40,830
Is it possible
that mankind's evolution

1207
01:02:40,924 --> 01:02:43,759
has not only been the product
of natural selection,

1208
01:02:43,919 --> 01:02:46,319
but has also been programmed
into us,

1209
01:02:46,346 --> 01:02:48,655
leading towards a future

1210
01:02:48,682 --> 01:02:51,841
where we will transition
into humanoid machines?

1211
01:02:51,935 --> 01:02:54,603
Many experts agree

1212
01:02:54,763 --> 01:02:56,496
that any intelligent species
in the universe

1213
01:02:56,523 --> 01:03:00,183
would necessarily become
post-biological to survive,

1214
01:03:00,277 --> 01:03:03,487
evolve, and travel
throughout the cosmos.

1215
01:03:06,107 --> 01:03:07,949
I think when we finally
do encounter

1216
01:03:08,109 --> 01:03:10,010
intelligent civilizations
in space--

1217
01:03:10,037 --> 01:03:11,787
and I think it's inevitable
that we will--

1218
01:03:11,947 --> 01:03:14,531
we should expect them
to be different.

1219
01:03:14,625 --> 01:03:16,958
That is, they could be
part biological,

1220
01:03:17,118 --> 01:03:20,036
and part cybernetic
and mechanical,

1221
01:03:20,130 --> 01:03:23,857
because of the fact that they
are a spacefaring civilization.

1222
01:03:23,884 --> 01:03:27,544
In which case, they have to
adapt to different environments,

1223
01:03:27,638 --> 01:03:30,363
where the atmosphere
is poisonous,

1224
01:03:30,390 --> 01:03:34,292
where the gravitational pull is
much stronger than on the Earth.

1225
01:03:34,353 --> 01:03:37,128
They have to adjust to all sorts
of different conditions,

1226
01:03:37,189 --> 01:03:40,232
meaning that they may have
enhanced themselves.

1227
01:03:43,153 --> 01:03:45,712
If transhumanist technologists
are successful,

1228
01:03:45,739 --> 01:03:48,139
the cloud, the Internet,

1229
01:03:48,200 --> 01:03:51,660
will soon be populated by
avatars and light beings

1230
01:03:51,820 --> 01:03:54,554
who are super intelligent
beings.

1231
01:03:54,581 --> 01:03:56,406
And, what's incredible about
this is that this,

1232
01:03:56,500 --> 01:03:59,225
in a way, matches what
ancient astronaut theorists

1233
01:03:59,253 --> 01:04:01,652
have been saying about ancient
extraterrestrials,

1234
01:04:01,713 --> 01:04:05,748
and how they might have
transferred knowledge to humans.

1235
01:04:05,843 --> 01:04:09,010
We have stories in the Egyptian
myths, for example,

1236
01:04:09,170 --> 01:04:11,237
of light beings coming to Earth

1237
01:04:11,265 --> 01:04:13,181
and creating
a whole civilization

1238
01:04:13,341 --> 01:04:15,350
and transferring technology
to us.

1239
01:04:15,510 --> 01:04:17,835
Maybe they, too,
were utilizing some kind

1240
01:04:17,896 --> 01:04:20,413
of artificial intelligence
technology,

1241
01:04:20,440 --> 01:04:22,932
or this mind transfer technology

1242
01:04:23,026 --> 01:04:24,609
that we're in the process
of creating now.

1243
01:04:27,573 --> 01:04:29,589
Could it be that human beings

1244
01:04:29,616 --> 01:04:31,774
are compelled to make robots

1245
01:04:31,869 --> 01:04:33,851
that are more and more
like themselves,

1246
01:04:33,912 --> 01:04:37,097
not simply because they have
a desire to play God,

1247
01:04:37,124 --> 01:04:40,876
and create intelligent beings
in their own image,

1248
01:04:41,036 --> 01:04:43,879
but because it is their destiny?

1249
01:04:44,039 --> 01:04:47,716
Ancient astronaut theorists
say yes,

1250
01:04:47,876 --> 01:04:51,369
and insist further clues
can be found

1251
01:04:51,430 --> 01:04:53,279
by examining the latest
technologies being developed

1252
01:04:53,307 --> 01:04:55,373
by humans as they prepare

1253
01:04:55,434 --> 01:04:59,477
for the next phase of their
evolution in space.

1254
01:05:06,061 --> 01:05:08,811
Pasadena, California.

1255
01:05:08,906 --> 01:05:11,740
June 21, 2017.

1256
01:05:11,900 --> 01:05:14,910
Engineers Steve Chien
and Kiri Wagstaff

1257
01:05:15,070 --> 01:05:17,804
of NASA's
Jet Propulsion Laboratory

1258
01:05:17,831 --> 01:05:21,249
publish their framework for the
future of deep-space travel

1259
01:05:21,409 --> 01:05:24,978
in<i> Science Robotics</i> magazine.

1260
01:05:25,005 --> 01:05:29,424
Chien and Wagstaff theorize
that, as astronauts travel

1261
01:05:29,584 --> 01:05:32,576
to Mars and beyond,
they will eventually

1262
01:05:32,638 --> 01:05:34,596
be replaced by robots,

1263
01:05:34,756 --> 01:05:38,600
synthetic humans capable of
making autonomous decisions

1264
01:05:38,760 --> 01:05:42,020
by means of artificial
intelligence.

1265
01:05:45,484 --> 01:05:49,277
Space is a really unfriendly
environment for humans.

1266
01:05:49,437 --> 01:05:54,115
It's got nasty radiation and we
don't perform well in a vacuum.

1267
01:05:54,275 --> 01:05:57,935
Again, machines are perfectly
happy in that environment.

1268
01:05:57,996 --> 01:05:59,529
They can be completely
unaffected by it.

1269
01:05:59,623 --> 01:06:00,863
They need shielding, obviously,

1270
01:06:00,958 --> 01:06:02,273
to protect their
electronic circuits.

1271
01:06:02,334 --> 01:06:04,867
So it's much easier
for a machine

1272
01:06:04,962 --> 01:06:07,462
to explore another planet,
another solar system,

1273
01:06:07,622 --> 01:06:09,280
than it is for a human,
and much cheaper.

1274
01:06:09,341 --> 01:06:11,708
So it seems to me that the
future of space exploration

1275
01:06:11,802 --> 01:06:14,386
is with the machines
rather than with us.

1276
01:06:16,515 --> 01:06:19,957
When we think about
exploring space at scale,

1277
01:06:20,018 --> 01:06:21,384
it's not gonna be humans,

1278
01:06:21,478 --> 01:06:23,536
at least not humans
in this form.

1279
01:06:23,563 --> 01:06:27,373
We're gonna be sending out A.I.s
that are as intelligent

1280
01:06:27,401 --> 01:06:29,559
or intelligent,
or more intelligent than us

1281
01:06:29,653 --> 01:06:33,304
that don't have the issues
of acceleration,

1282
01:06:33,365 --> 01:06:36,474
that can accelerate at,
you know, 10Gs acceleration

1283
01:06:36,535 --> 01:06:38,994
out of the solar system
continuous.

1284
01:06:39,154 --> 01:06:41,237
It would be incredibly useful

1285
01:06:41,331 --> 01:06:44,557
to have an intelligent system
out there,

1286
01:06:44,584 --> 01:06:46,576
say, at Alpha Centauri,

1287
01:06:46,670 --> 01:06:49,395
since, to send a signal back
to Earth,

1288
01:06:49,423 --> 01:06:53,399
and receive an answer, would
take an eight-year round trip.

1289
01:06:53,427 --> 01:06:56,736
So why not get the A.I.
out there

1290
01:06:56,763 --> 01:06:59,497
to make the decisions and to do
some scientific work?

1291
01:06:59,558 --> 01:07:03,243
A.I.-led missions to Mars--

1292
01:07:03,270 --> 01:07:05,336
and even Alpha Centauri--

1293
01:07:05,397 --> 01:07:08,748
could become a reality
in the very near future.

1294
01:07:08,775 --> 01:07:13,695
NASA has been actively testing
this technology since 1998,

1295
01:07:13,855 --> 01:07:16,272
beginning with Deep Space 1,

1296
01:07:16,366 --> 01:07:18,775
when a probe was sent
to the asteroid belt

1297
01:07:18,869 --> 01:07:22,111
located between Mars
and Jupiter.

1298
01:07:22,205 --> 01:07:24,539
Using a system called AutoNav,

1299
01:07:24,699 --> 01:07:27,709
the craft took multiple photos
of asteroids

1300
01:07:27,869 --> 01:07:31,421
and even navigated its course
without human guidance.

1301
01:07:33,717 --> 01:07:37,868
When you look at
the Mars Rover for instance,

1302
01:07:37,929 --> 01:07:40,463
it's an autonomous land robot
that goes around Mars,

1303
01:07:40,557 --> 01:07:42,540
and, you know,
it picks up samples,

1304
01:07:42,601 --> 01:07:46,043
beams back information, and so
that's an autonomous system

1305
01:07:46,104 --> 01:07:48,212
that we have deployed
in space right now.

1306
01:07:48,273 --> 01:07:49,639
And I'd say that as our

1307
01:07:49,733 --> 01:07:52,125
artificial intelligence
gets more robust

1308
01:07:52,152 --> 01:07:54,736
and we can deploy it on things
like spacecraft,

1309
01:07:54,896 --> 01:07:57,388
there's nothing to preclude
having an autonomous spacecraft

1310
01:07:57,449 --> 01:08:01,159
that would act as a ferry
to outer space or to Mars.

1311
01:08:04,122 --> 01:08:06,472
And when we send
these robots out,

1312
01:08:06,500 --> 01:08:09,233
and having programmed them with
artificial intelligence,

1313
01:08:09,294 --> 01:08:12,087
we're relinquishing our own
control in many ways.

1314
01:08:12,247 --> 01:08:14,255
And these robotic ambassadors
of a sort,

1315
01:08:14,415 --> 01:08:16,574
they will have the ability
to make their own decisions,

1316
01:08:16,635 --> 01:08:19,177
and to negotiate.

1317
01:08:22,974 --> 01:08:25,007
But as humans develop smarter

1318
01:08:25,102 --> 01:08:27,343
and more independent robots

1319
01:08:27,437 --> 01:08:29,771
in order to manage the
exploration of other planets,

1320
01:08:29,931 --> 01:08:32,590
is it possible
that other alien species

1321
01:08:32,651 --> 01:08:36,519
could be doing
the exact same thing?

1322
01:08:36,613 --> 01:08:39,689
Could they already be
fabricating stronger

1323
01:08:39,783 --> 01:08:41,932
and more resilient
space-friendly versions

1324
01:08:41,993 --> 01:08:45,787
of themselves and sending them
here to Earth?

1325
01:08:45,947 --> 01:08:48,272
There are many in
the scientific community

1326
01:08:48,333 --> 01:08:51,851
for whom the answer
is an obvious one.

1327
01:08:51,878 --> 01:08:55,688
If extraterrestrial life exists
elsewhere-- which, I mean,

1328
01:08:55,715 --> 01:08:57,799
for me, the probability
is probably pretty high--

1329
01:08:57,959 --> 01:08:59,542
I think they'll have
their own forms

1330
01:08:59,636 --> 01:09:01,052
of artificial intelligence.

1331
01:09:03,640 --> 01:09:05,140
As we move out into
the solar system

1332
01:09:05,300 --> 01:09:08,217
and explore the heliosphere,

1333
01:09:08,311 --> 01:09:11,962
artificial intelligence will
have to be accommodated

1334
01:09:12,023 --> 01:09:16,058
to make decisions to allow them
to do their jobs.

1335
01:09:16,153 --> 01:09:18,878
That's what we as humans
are doing.

1336
01:09:18,905 --> 01:09:21,898
So is that the same process

1337
01:09:21,992 --> 01:09:24,075
other intelligent species
would do?

1338
01:09:25,871 --> 01:09:28,237
When you think about it,

1339
01:09:28,331 --> 01:09:30,556
it's gotta be one of the most
fundamental things

1340
01:09:30,584 --> 01:09:32,625
that they would do first.

1341
01:09:35,255 --> 01:09:37,730
So many people in
the field of astrobiology

1342
01:09:37,757 --> 01:09:42,010
are sympathetic to what we call
the post-biological cosmos view.

1343
01:09:42,170 --> 01:09:44,237
And according to this view,

1344
01:09:44,264 --> 01:09:47,907
once humans develop their
technology to such a point

1345
01:09:47,934 --> 01:09:50,243
that they're able to turn on
radios and communicate

1346
01:09:50,270 --> 01:09:52,762
with other civilizations,

1347
01:09:52,856 --> 01:09:55,765
they will already be so close

1348
01:09:55,859 --> 01:09:57,917
to becoming post-biological.

1349
01:09:57,944 --> 01:10:01,512
Post-biological?

1350
01:10:01,573 --> 01:10:05,591
In our collective eagerness
to conquer space,

1351
01:10:05,619 --> 01:10:09,329
are we humans sowing the seeds
of our own destruction?

1352
01:10:10,957 --> 01:10:13,357
Or are we unconsciously

1353
01:10:13,418 --> 01:10:16,102
following some sort
of master plan,

1354
01:10:16,129 --> 01:10:18,438
one where flesh and blood

1355
01:10:18,465 --> 01:10:20,197
will eventually fade away

1356
01:10:20,258 --> 01:10:24,368
to be replaced
by silicon and synthetics?

1357
01:10:24,429 --> 01:10:27,113
But what about our mind,
our memory,

1358
01:10:27,140 --> 01:10:29,057
our consciousness?

1359
01:10:29,217 --> 01:10:30,800
Could they, too, be imported

1360
01:10:30,894 --> 01:10:34,044
into a robot's synthetic brain?

1361
01:10:34,105 --> 01:10:37,232
And even if it's possible
for us to exchange

1362
01:10:37,392 --> 01:10:39,550
our mortal shells
for sturdier ones,

1363
01:10:39,611 --> 01:10:42,979
will we still
be considered human?

1364
01:10:43,073 --> 01:10:46,890
As far as ancient astronaut
theorists are concerned,

1365
01:10:46,952 --> 01:10:49,318
the answer is yes.

1366
01:10:49,412 --> 01:10:52,655
And they point to a number
of recent experiments

1367
01:10:52,749 --> 01:10:55,750
which suggest that not only
will it be possible

1368
01:10:55,910 --> 01:10:58,160
for robots to acquire
human consciousness,

1369
01:10:58,255 --> 01:11:02,632
but it will also be possible
for them to breed.

1370
01:11:08,431 --> 01:11:10,139
Ottawa, Canada.

1371
01:11:11,268 --> 01:11:14,510
June 2017.

1372
01:11:14,604 --> 01:11:17,997
The Department of Mechanical
Aerospace Engineering

1373
01:11:18,024 --> 01:11:20,775
at Carleton University
announces the development

1374
01:11:20,935 --> 01:11:23,444
of technology
that will revolutionize

1375
01:11:23,604 --> 01:11:26,522
the future of space travel.

1376
01:11:26,616 --> 01:11:29,767
The engineers hope
to create a 3-D printer

1377
01:11:29,828 --> 01:11:32,436
that will one day be capable
of building structures

1378
01:11:32,497 --> 01:11:35,698
on the Moon
using only lunar minerals.

1379
01:11:35,792 --> 01:11:39,610
But perhaps even more
groundbreaking is the fact

1380
01:11:39,671 --> 01:11:44,966
that it will be capable
of self-replication.

1381
01:11:45,126 --> 01:11:48,803
As we move out
and try to colonize space,

1382
01:11:48,963 --> 01:11:51,306
we've been developing
this technology

1383
01:11:51,466 --> 01:11:56,144
where we could actually deliver
a 3-D printer to the Moon,

1384
01:11:56,304 --> 01:11:58,462
and it can replicate itself

1385
01:11:58,523 --> 01:12:01,040
using materials it finds
on the lunar surface.

1386
01:12:01,067 --> 01:12:03,209
Then those can keep replicating,

1387
01:12:03,236 --> 01:12:05,820
and two becomes four,
and four becomes six, and so on.

1388
01:12:05,980 --> 01:12:08,397
So if we have
artificial intelligence

1389
01:12:08,491 --> 01:12:10,992
and 3-D printing combined,
we have a recipe

1390
01:12:11,152 --> 01:12:14,370
for amazing things.

1391
01:12:16,657 --> 01:12:18,574
Although there are those

1392
01:12:18,668 --> 01:12:20,910
who remain skeptical
that our ability

1393
01:12:21,004 --> 01:12:24,080
to develop fully functional,
self-replicating machines

1394
01:12:24,174 --> 01:12:27,491
is still many decades away,
one project

1395
01:12:27,552 --> 01:12:31,420
known as RepRap, which has been
in development since 2005,

1396
01:12:31,514 --> 01:12:35,183
involves the creation
of a low-cost 3-D printer

1397
01:12:35,343 --> 01:12:37,685
designed to make
everyday household objects

1398
01:12:37,845 --> 01:12:42,582
and which can even fashion
replacement parts for itself.

1399
01:12:42,609 --> 01:12:47,678
3-D printing is an absolutely
incredible scientific advance.

1400
01:12:47,739 --> 01:12:50,865
I mean, this is<i> Star Trek's</i>
replicator made real.

1401
01:12:51,025 --> 01:12:53,426
The scary thing
is when you think

1402
01:12:53,453 --> 01:12:57,521
that these 3-D printers
replicate themselves.

1403
01:12:57,582 --> 01:13:00,600
We're dealing, perhaps,
with a technology

1404
01:13:00,627 --> 01:13:03,603
that is capable of exceeding
its own programming.

1405
01:13:03,630 --> 01:13:06,122
These things design other,

1406
01:13:06,216 --> 01:13:08,716
better, faster,
more powerful machines.

1407
01:13:08,876 --> 01:13:10,885
And who knows where it will end.

1408
01:13:11,045 --> 01:13:14,037
In the 1940s,

1409
01:13:14,099 --> 01:13:17,225
more than two decades
before man set foot on the Moon,

1410
01:13:17,385 --> 01:13:21,470
Hungarian scientist and genius
mathematician John von Neumann

1411
01:13:21,564 --> 01:13:24,140
believed
self-replicating machines

1412
01:13:24,234 --> 01:13:27,126
would allow us to venture
beyond our solar system

1413
01:13:27,153 --> 01:13:29,404
to explore other star systems

1414
01:13:29,564 --> 01:13:31,823
and potentially
the entire galaxy.

1415
01:13:33,993 --> 01:13:35,392
We have this image

1416
01:13:35,453 --> 01:13:37,653
that to explore the stars,
you have to have

1417
01:13:37,747 --> 01:13:40,415
a gigantic starship--
the<i> Enterprise--</i>

1418
01:13:40,575 --> 01:13:42,658
with brave captains
like Captain Kirk.

1419
01:13:42,752 --> 01:13:44,568
Wrong.

1420
01:13:44,629 --> 01:13:46,145
The most efficient way

1421
01:13:46,172 --> 01:13:49,148
to explore the galaxy,
with so many planets,

1422
01:13:49,175 --> 01:13:53,076
is to send a small probe,
a von Neumann probe.

1423
01:13:53,138 --> 01:13:56,580
A von Neumann probe
is a self-replicating machine

1424
01:13:56,641 --> 01:13:58,749
that goes out into space

1425
01:13:58,810 --> 01:14:03,104
and uses matter elsewhere
in the universe

1426
01:14:03,264 --> 01:14:07,166
to create identical copies
of itself.

1427
01:14:07,193 --> 01:14:11,428
Start with one probe, send it

1428
01:14:11,489 --> 01:14:14,006
to Jupiter, say,
and there on Jupiter,

1429
01:14:14,033 --> 01:14:18,527
it uses matter on Jupiter
to create

1430
01:14:18,621 --> 01:14:21,514
basically the next generation
of itself.

1431
01:14:21,541 --> 01:14:25,034
And then that probe goes on
and explores elsewhere.

1432
01:14:25,128 --> 01:14:29,112
And each of those probes
in turn uses matter

1433
01:14:29,174 --> 01:14:33,301
in the location that it's at
to create more and more.

1434
01:14:33,461 --> 01:14:37,379
So what you get
is an expanding capacity

1435
01:14:37,474 --> 01:14:41,392
to explore the farther reaches
of the universe.

1436
01:14:42,645 --> 01:14:44,720
As far as skeptics

1437
01:14:44,814 --> 01:14:47,297
of ancient astronaut theory
are concerned,

1438
01:14:47,358 --> 01:14:50,876
one of the obstacles
to interplanetary space travel

1439
01:14:50,904 --> 01:14:53,562
is the number of years
a spaceship would have to spend

1440
01:14:53,656 --> 01:14:57,066
getting from one place
to another.

1441
01:14:57,160 --> 01:15:00,736
But even without the aid
of warp drive or black holes,

1442
01:15:00,830 --> 01:15:03,739
what if extraterrestrials
simply sent out

1443
01:15:03,833 --> 01:15:06,225
sentient androids
to do their bidding?

1444
01:15:06,252 --> 01:15:09,245
Robots that could not only spend

1445
01:15:09,339 --> 01:15:12,732
hundreds if not thousands
of years in space,

1446
01:15:12,759 --> 01:15:17,160
but who were also capable
of reproducing themselves?

1447
01:15:17,222 --> 01:15:20,181
Instead of spaceships
filled with humans,

1448
01:15:20,341 --> 01:15:22,758
could probes
like the von Neumann probe

1449
01:15:22,852 --> 01:15:25,928
be the way we explore
and populate the universe?

1450
01:15:26,022 --> 01:15:28,430
And could this also be the way

1451
01:15:28,525 --> 01:15:31,275
that our own planet
was populated?

1452
01:15:33,020 --> 01:15:35,771
If it's true
that advanced civilizations

1453
01:15:35,865 --> 01:15:38,115
from elsewhere
seeded our galaxy...

1454
01:15:41,454 --> 01:15:44,947
...and here we are in our
modern time replicating that,

1455
01:15:45,041 --> 01:15:47,933
could it be
that we have a portion

1456
01:15:47,961 --> 01:15:52,046
of this extraterrestrial DNA
in our own genome?

1457
01:15:52,206 --> 01:15:53,789
And if that's the case,

1458
01:15:53,883 --> 01:15:57,885
could we already be
a sort of cyborg being

1459
01:15:58,045 --> 01:16:00,796
and doing experimentation

1460
01:16:00,890 --> 01:16:03,874
to look to evolve our species?

1461
01:16:03,935 --> 01:16:07,970
Is there some kind
of grand purpose to all of this

1462
01:16:08,064 --> 01:16:12,308
where we're just following
a sort of natural order,

1463
01:16:12,402 --> 01:16:14,384
something that's
already happened?

1464
01:16:14,445 --> 01:16:17,963
And maybe it's our purpose
to continue doing that.

1465
01:16:17,991 --> 01:16:21,058
We have long recognized

1466
01:16:21,119 --> 01:16:24,895
that flesh-and-blood humans are
not gonna fare well in space.

1467
01:16:24,956 --> 01:16:26,747
So for decades now,

1468
01:16:26,907 --> 01:16:28,824
space enthusiasts
have been working

1469
01:16:28,918 --> 01:16:30,993
on the transformation
of the human species

1470
01:16:31,087 --> 01:16:34,071
into machine-like beings
or transhumans.

1471
01:16:34,132 --> 01:16:39,242
Then we'll create an entire
clone species of robots,

1472
01:16:39,304 --> 01:16:42,671
ultimately uploading our
consciousness into computers,

1473
01:16:42,765 --> 01:16:45,766
beaming that information
into space,

1474
01:16:45,926 --> 01:16:48,936
and recreating bodies
out of nothing

1475
01:16:49,096 --> 01:16:51,480
at some distant location
in space.

1476
01:16:54,694 --> 01:16:57,111
The 17th century
French philosopher

1477
01:16:57,271 --> 01:17:00,522
Ren� Descartes also talked

1478
01:17:00,617 --> 01:17:03,451
about what he called
the mind-body duality

1479
01:17:03,611 --> 01:17:06,954
and that our mind
and consciousness

1480
01:17:07,114 --> 01:17:10,366
do not come from our body
but are separate.

1481
01:17:10,460 --> 01:17:13,202
And therefore, the body of a man

1482
01:17:13,296 --> 01:17:17,715
and his mind and consciousness
are two separate things.

1483
01:17:19,960 --> 01:17:23,787
The author Sam Butler
said that humans

1484
01:17:23,848 --> 01:17:28,217
are self-replicating machines
and that we're capable

1485
01:17:28,311 --> 01:17:31,537
of continuing
that self-replication.

1486
01:17:31,564 --> 01:17:35,149
Then the brilliant computer
scientist John von Neumann

1487
01:17:35,309 --> 01:17:39,302
said that he got his ideas
from both Butler and Descartes,

1488
01:17:39,364 --> 01:17:43,140
which is that we should use
self-replicating machines

1489
01:17:43,201 --> 01:17:46,661
to go to other planets
and explore them.

1490
01:17:46,821 --> 01:17:48,737
So you have to ask yourself,

1491
01:17:48,831 --> 01:17:50,406
how is it
that these brilliant minds

1492
01:17:50,500 --> 01:17:53,501
came up with the same idea
hundreds of years

1493
01:17:53,661 --> 01:17:57,320
before we invented computers
or spacecraft?

1494
01:17:57,382 --> 01:18:00,566
Is it possible
that all these great minds

1495
01:18:00,593 --> 01:18:02,677
were tapping into some kind

1496
01:18:02,837 --> 01:18:04,753
of intellectual force?

1497
01:18:04,847 --> 01:18:07,239
Perhaps an extraterrestrial one?

1498
01:18:07,266 --> 01:18:10,409
Could otherworldly beings

1499
01:18:10,436 --> 01:18:12,261
have instilled within us
the idea

1500
01:18:12,355 --> 01:18:15,005
of creating robot versions
of ourselves

1501
01:18:15,066 --> 01:18:18,767
so that one day
we would realize our destiny

1502
01:18:18,861 --> 01:18:22,655
and join them on their journey
through the stars?

1503
01:18:24,867 --> 01:18:26,592
Ancient astronaut theorists

1504
01:18:26,619 --> 01:18:28,444
believe the answer
to that question

1505
01:18:28,538 --> 01:18:31,188
could be closer
and more profound

1506
01:18:31,249 --> 01:18:33,124
than we think.

1507
01:18:41,208 --> 01:18:43,867
Silicon Valley, California.

1508
01:18:43,928 --> 01:18:46,795
September 2015.

1509
01:18:46,889 --> 01:18:51,559
Anthony Levandowski,
the engineer responsible

1510
01:18:51,719 --> 01:18:53,376
for putting the first
self-driving car

1511
01:18:53,438 --> 01:18:55,212
on a public road,

1512
01:18:55,273 --> 01:18:58,140
founds
the Way of the Future church,

1513
01:18:58,234 --> 01:19:03,220
a new religion unlike any other
in history.

1514
01:19:03,281 --> 01:19:06,073
Adherents of this faith
do not worship God

1515
01:19:06,233 --> 01:19:08,391
in the traditional sense.

1516
01:19:08,453 --> 01:19:11,912
Instead they promote
the notion of a godhead

1517
01:19:12,072 --> 01:19:14,898
based on artificial
intelligence.

1518
01:19:14,959 --> 01:19:18,401
Levandowski
and his followers believe

1519
01:19:18,463 --> 01:19:21,571
that A.I. will soon be
so intelligent

1520
01:19:21,632 --> 01:19:23,332
that we should begin
to worship it

1521
01:19:23,426 --> 01:19:25,317
in the hopes
that it will look kindly

1522
01:19:25,344 --> 01:19:27,178
upon its creators.

1523
01:19:29,432 --> 01:19:33,583
If we were to create
an artificial life-form

1524
01:19:33,644 --> 01:19:37,420
and if it were to develop,
evolve and grow...

1525
01:19:37,482 --> 01:19:40,666
I want to understand more
about happiness.

1526
01:19:40,693 --> 01:19:44,928
...it could become superior
to modern-day man.

1527
01:19:44,989 --> 01:19:49,074
This leads us to a very
difficult spiritual problem.

1528
01:19:52,446 --> 01:19:55,848
Human beings tend to worship

1529
01:19:55,875 --> 01:19:58,700
that which they believe
to be greater than themselves.

1530
01:19:58,795 --> 01:20:02,296
Many human beings
might interpret this

1531
01:20:02,456 --> 01:20:05,024
to be some type
of a coming of a god

1532
01:20:05,051 --> 01:20:06,801
and seek to worship it.

1533
01:20:06,961 --> 01:20:10,453
So, this may be analogous

1534
01:20:10,515 --> 01:20:12,714
to what happened
when robotic extraterrestrials

1535
01:20:12,809 --> 01:20:14,642
first landed on the planet.

1536
01:20:14,802 --> 01:20:19,221
They have all of this amazing
knowledge, computing power,

1537
01:20:19,315 --> 01:20:22,207
and to the primitive
Earth beings,

1538
01:20:22,235 --> 01:20:26,061
they would seem as all-knowing,
all-powerful,

1539
01:20:26,155 --> 01:20:30,049
having an answer to everything.

1540
01:20:30,076 --> 01:20:33,810
Is it possible that
what Levandowski is proposing

1541
01:20:33,871 --> 01:20:37,147
is exactly what our
extraterrestrial ancestors did

1542
01:20:37,208 --> 01:20:39,482
thousands of years ago?

1543
01:20:39,544 --> 01:20:41,651
Did they create

1544
01:20:41,712 --> 01:20:44,396
not a silicon-based life-form
like themselves,

1545
01:20:44,423 --> 01:20:46,323
but one made of flesh and blood,

1546
01:20:46,384 --> 01:20:48,491
capable of replication

1547
01:20:48,553 --> 01:20:51,661
and also vulnerable
to aging and disease?

1548
01:20:51,722 --> 01:20:56,091
If so, does this mean
that we are on the threshold

1549
01:20:56,185 --> 01:20:58,686
of the next phase
in human evolution,

1550
01:20:58,846 --> 01:21:02,565
one where we become transhuman?

1551
01:21:04,735 --> 01:21:06,360
I think
by the end of the century,

1552
01:21:06,520 --> 01:21:09,271
we'll be able to digitize
our consciousness.

1553
01:21:09,365 --> 01:21:12,441
Everything known about us--
our personality,

1554
01:21:12,535 --> 01:21:15,594
our memories, emotions,
our neural pathways--

1555
01:21:15,621 --> 01:21:18,038
will be digitized.
And what do we do with it?

1556
01:21:18,198 --> 01:21:20,782
I say we put our consciousness

1557
01:21:20,877 --> 01:21:24,211
on a laser beam
and shoot it to the stars.

1558
01:21:24,371 --> 01:21:28,031
In one second,
your consciousness

1559
01:21:28,092 --> 01:21:29,532
is now shot to the Moon,

1560
01:21:29,594 --> 01:21:32,127
where it's downloaded
into a mainframe computer

1561
01:21:32,221 --> 01:21:37,207
and then put
into a mechanical avatar.

1562
01:21:37,268 --> 01:21:39,635
I call this laser porting.

1563
01:21:39,729 --> 01:21:43,138
And I think that laser porting
may already exist.

1564
01:21:43,232 --> 01:21:46,049
There could be billions of souls

1565
01:21:46,110 --> 01:21:49,294
laser porting themselves
across the galaxy.

1566
01:21:49,322 --> 01:21:53,632
If transhumanist
technologists are successful,

1567
01:21:53,659 --> 01:21:55,317
we'll soon be uploading

1568
01:21:55,411 --> 01:21:58,153
the contents of our brains
into the cloud.

1569
01:21:58,247 --> 01:22:00,080
What's so amazing about this

1570
01:22:00,240 --> 01:22:03,158
is that this is
a virtual fulfillment

1571
01:22:03,252 --> 01:22:06,736
of Christian prophecy
that tells at the end times,

1572
01:22:06,797 --> 01:22:10,499
Christ will himself return
on the cloud

1573
01:22:10,593 --> 01:22:13,669
and that believers
will be given new bodies

1574
01:22:13,763 --> 01:22:16,746
into which their souls
will be transferred.

1575
01:22:16,807 --> 01:22:18,824
And then they will be able
to ascend into the heavens

1576
01:22:18,851 --> 01:22:21,510
with Jesus through the cloud.

1577
01:22:21,604 --> 01:22:24,179
So here we have this
incredible parallel going on

1578
01:22:24,273 --> 01:22:26,014
where technologists are creating

1579
01:22:26,108 --> 01:22:28,183
a technological version
of the cloud

1580
01:22:28,277 --> 01:22:31,594
that perfectly corresponds
to what Christian prophecy

1581
01:22:31,656 --> 01:22:34,339
says is gonna happen at the time
of the second coming.

1582
01:22:34,367 --> 01:22:36,842
We know now

1583
01:22:36,869 --> 01:22:39,861
that there may have even been
a genetic marker put into us

1584
01:22:39,956 --> 01:22:42,772
to actually guide us
in this direction.

1585
01:22:42,833 --> 01:22:46,702
Does that mean
our natural destiny as a species

1586
01:22:46,796 --> 01:22:50,189
was actually programmed
by these advanced beings?

1587
01:22:50,216 --> 01:22:54,193
Are we just copying what
these extraterrestrial visitors

1588
01:22:54,220 --> 01:22:56,303
had done eons ago?

1589
01:22:56,463 --> 01:23:00,140
At some point we're
going to wake up and realize

1590
01:23:00,300 --> 01:23:02,884
that this technology
we're creating

1591
01:23:02,979 --> 01:23:05,795
may have already existed
in the ancient world

1592
01:23:05,856 --> 01:23:08,965
and that it was possessed
by extraterrestrial beings.

1593
01:23:09,026 --> 01:23:11,468
And wherever
this technology takes us,

1594
01:23:11,529 --> 01:23:14,989
maybe it was always part
of a bigger plan

1595
01:23:15,149 --> 01:23:19,410
that ultimately takes us back
to our origins up in the stars.

1596
01:23:21,655 --> 01:23:23,222
As human civilization

1597
01:23:23,249 --> 01:23:26,725
prepares for the next phase
of its evolution,

1598
01:23:26,752 --> 01:23:31,488
will what we think of
as human beings become extinct?

1599
01:23:31,549 --> 01:23:36,176
Ancient astronaut theorists
say no

1600
01:23:36,336 --> 01:23:38,679
because they argue
being human is more

1601
01:23:38,839 --> 01:23:41,515
than being made
of flesh and blood.

1602
01:23:41,675 --> 01:23:43,333
It's the realization

1603
01:23:43,394 --> 01:23:45,185
that it is our thoughts,

1604
01:23:45,345 --> 01:23:49,005
our ideas,
and especially our feelings

1605
01:23:49,066 --> 01:23:52,084
that make humans unique

1606
01:23:52,111 --> 01:23:54,344
not only from each other,

1607
01:23:54,405 --> 01:23:57,197
but from all the living
creatures in the universe.

1608
01:23:57,357 --> 01:23:59,533
It is also this realization

1609
01:23:59,693 --> 01:24:02,685
that should both reassure
and motivate us

1610
01:24:02,747 --> 01:24:06,689
as we fulfill
humankind's ultimate destiny

1611
01:24:06,751 --> 01:24:10,452
by becoming the next generation
of extraterrestrials

1612
01:24:10,546 --> 01:24:15,365
in the exploration
of distant, alien worlds.