1 00:00:02,436 --> 00:00:06,105 PAUL DAVIES: Do I believe that there is or was life on Mars? 2 00:00:06,207 --> 00:00:07,873 Yes, I'm absolutely certain of it. 3 00:00:07,975 --> 00:00:11,076 MIKE BARA: There are a lot of different objects on Mars 4 00:00:11,178 --> 00:00:12,878 that look exactly like sculptures 5 00:00:12,947 --> 00:00:14,513 that human beings make. 6 00:00:14,615 --> 00:00:17,316 GIORGIO TSOUKALOS: We have to ask ourselves 7 00:00:17,418 --> 00:00:19,585 what civilization built this? 8 00:00:19,687 --> 00:00:21,353 And what happened to them? 9 00:00:21,455 --> 00:00:24,056 JOHN BRANDENBURG: There's no natural phenomenon 10 00:00:24,158 --> 00:00:26,592 that can account for this nuclear data. 11 00:00:26,694 --> 00:00:29,194 That is weapon signature. 12 00:00:29,296 --> 00:00:31,730 STEPHEN PETRANEK: Going to Mars, it's something 13 00:00:31,832 --> 00:00:34,500 we know in somewhere in the back of our brains 14 00:00:34,602 --> 00:00:37,202 that we have to do or we die. 15 00:00:37,304 --> 00:00:40,639 NARRATOR: Since the dawn of civilization, 16 00:00:40,741 --> 00:00:44,676 mankind has credited its origins to gods 17 00:00:44,779 --> 00:00:47,446 and other visitors from the stars. 18 00:00:47,548 --> 00:00:49,748 What if it were true? 19 00:00:49,850 --> 00:00:52,785 Did extraterrestrial beings 20 00:00:52,887 --> 00:00:56,121 really help to shape our history? 21 00:00:56,223 --> 00:00:59,725 And if so, might we find the truth 22 00:00:59,827 --> 00:01:02,628 when humans land on Mars? 23 00:01:32,593 --> 00:01:34,326 MAN: We are go for launch. 24 00:01:34,428 --> 00:01:35,794 MAN 2: Roger, go for launch. 25 00:01:35,896 --> 00:01:39,498 NARRATOR: Earth, 2026. 26 00:01:39,600 --> 00:01:42,501 MAN: Five, four, three, 27 00:01:42,603 --> 00:01:44,803 two, one. 28 00:01:46,674 --> 00:01:48,540 We have ignition. 29 00:01:48,642 --> 00:01:51,009 We have lift off. 30 00:01:51,112 --> 00:01:53,245 NARRATOR: Four civilian astronauts 31 00:01:53,347 --> 00:01:57,382 begin their 150-day journey to the Red Planet. 32 00:01:57,485 --> 00:02:00,419 MAN: Velocity 14,899 miles per hour. 33 00:02:00,521 --> 00:02:04,990 NARRATOR: The voyage will take them deeper into space 34 00:02:05,092 --> 00:02:06,725 than any human has ever traveled-- 35 00:02:06,827 --> 00:02:10,429 over 128 million miles. 36 00:02:10,531 --> 00:02:14,133 200 times farther than the distance to the moon. 37 00:02:18,506 --> 00:02:21,406 BUZZ ALDRIN: You leave Earth at a pretty high velocity, 38 00:02:21,509 --> 00:02:23,876 and the spacecraft flies 39 00:02:23,978 --> 00:02:25,811 away from the Earth and away from the moon 40 00:02:25,880 --> 00:02:27,579 and away from the sun. 41 00:02:27,648 --> 00:02:31,083 The distance away may not be the biggest concern. 42 00:02:31,185 --> 00:02:34,419 And it only takes five months to get there. 43 00:02:34,522 --> 00:02:37,756 Now, you can certainly, uh, uh, withstand that. 44 00:02:37,858 --> 00:02:41,260 So the-the problem is getting back. 45 00:02:41,362 --> 00:02:45,097 PETRANEK: They're traveling so fast 46 00:02:45,199 --> 00:02:48,667 that they can go through ten feet of solid steel. 47 00:02:48,769 --> 00:02:51,136 So a rocket has to be built 48 00:02:51,238 --> 00:02:54,640 so that it's very, very well shielded 49 00:02:54,742 --> 00:02:55,741 for human beings. 50 00:02:55,843 --> 00:02:57,643 It's not an easy trip. 51 00:02:57,711 --> 00:03:01,313 And there are momentous catastrophes 52 00:03:01,415 --> 00:03:03,849 that could occur. 53 00:03:03,951 --> 00:03:05,984 I kind of like to compare that to when the first explorers 54 00:03:06,086 --> 00:03:07,920 were going across the ocean. 55 00:03:08,022 --> 00:03:09,988 Those were long, horrible journeys as well 56 00:03:10,090 --> 00:03:11,557 and we survived those. 57 00:03:11,659 --> 00:03:13,325 And I really see Mars 58 00:03:13,427 --> 00:03:15,861 as one of the great, first stepping stones 59 00:03:15,963 --> 00:03:18,664 to exploring space. 60 00:03:18,766 --> 00:03:23,368 SUE ANN PIEN: I was born with a fascination for space. 61 00:03:23,470 --> 00:03:26,071 And the only thing I wanted to do was explore. 62 00:03:26,173 --> 00:03:27,839 I wanted to know what was out there, 63 00:03:27,942 --> 00:03:29,641 and get out there. 64 00:03:29,743 --> 00:03:33,345 And so, by the time I heard about Mars One, 65 00:03:33,447 --> 00:03:37,316 it felt like there was a calling, a destiny there. 66 00:03:37,418 --> 00:03:40,018 What an amazing way to kind of give your life 67 00:03:40,154 --> 00:03:43,689 to the greater cause of humanity. 68 00:03:43,757 --> 00:03:48,460 TSOUKALOS: We are a species of explorers. 69 00:03:48,562 --> 00:03:52,664 And the reason why we keep looking out there, 70 00:03:52,766 --> 00:03:56,101 in my opinion, is because that's where we came from. 71 00:03:56,203 --> 00:04:00,839 'Cause you will not find any other organism on Earth 72 00:04:00,941 --> 00:04:03,442 that has such a fascination with space, 73 00:04:03,544 --> 00:04:06,912 with the stars or with anything 74 00:04:07,014 --> 00:04:10,816 that displays such curiosity like human beings. 75 00:04:10,918 --> 00:04:14,920 And our next step will be colonizing Mars. 76 00:04:15,022 --> 00:04:17,623 So the idea 77 00:04:17,725 --> 00:04:20,726 that others have proposed that we are nothing else 78 00:04:20,828 --> 00:04:25,497 but the Martians, so we are bound to go there. 79 00:04:25,599 --> 00:04:30,335 NARRATOR: According to NASA, the colonization of Mars 80 00:04:30,437 --> 00:04:33,305 will begin not with humans, but with robots 81 00:04:33,407 --> 00:04:36,775 sent ahead to construct habitats, 82 00:04:36,877 --> 00:04:41,413 rovers and life-support units. 83 00:04:41,515 --> 00:04:44,149 Food and supplies will be sent next, 84 00:04:44,251 --> 00:04:46,718 and then finally the first humans 85 00:04:46,820 --> 00:04:48,120 will arrive, 86 00:04:48,222 --> 00:04:53,025 ready to start their new lives as Martians. 87 00:04:53,127 --> 00:04:57,462 PIEN: The Martian environment is very different to Earth. 88 00:04:57,564 --> 00:05:00,632 It has 38% of the gravity of Earth. 89 00:05:00,734 --> 00:05:05,504 The daily temperature fluctuations are very extreme. 90 00:05:05,606 --> 00:05:08,006 For instance, if you're near the equator on a summer day, 91 00:05:08,108 --> 00:05:10,509 it can be as warm as 70 degrees Fahrenheit. 92 00:05:10,577 --> 00:05:12,811 But at night, the temperatures could drop down 93 00:05:12,913 --> 00:05:14,846 to minus 100 degrees Fahrenheit. 94 00:05:14,948 --> 00:05:18,517 So there's a lot of things out there that's getting us, 95 00:05:18,619 --> 00:05:22,688 including radiation, as well, and the dust storms. 96 00:05:22,790 --> 00:05:24,823 The atmosphere is incredibly thin-- 97 00:05:24,925 --> 00:05:26,858 about one percent of that of Earth. 98 00:05:26,960 --> 00:05:29,227 There's no breathable oxygen there. 99 00:05:29,330 --> 00:05:32,864 The radiation is very high as well. 100 00:05:32,966 --> 00:05:35,367 And so astronauts there 101 00:05:35,436 --> 00:05:38,203 are faced with multiple difficulties. 102 00:05:38,305 --> 00:05:42,040 A Martian day is almost like Earth's. 103 00:05:42,142 --> 00:05:44,576 It's 24 hours and 39 minutes. 104 00:05:44,678 --> 00:05:48,080 So it's just a little bit longer than a day on Earth. 105 00:05:48,182 --> 00:05:50,515 But a Martian year is two years, 106 00:05:50,617 --> 00:05:53,885 because Mars' orbit is twice the size of Earth's. 107 00:05:55,622 --> 00:05:58,990 NARRATOR: Because of the day-night cycle 108 00:05:59,093 --> 00:06:01,526 and the thin atmosphere, 109 00:06:01,628 --> 00:06:05,797 Mars is the only nearby planet where large-scale greenhouses 110 00:06:05,899 --> 00:06:09,468 lit by natural sunlight can be utilized. 111 00:06:09,570 --> 00:06:12,003 These structures will allow the colonizers 112 00:06:12,106 --> 00:06:14,039 to grow their own food 113 00:06:14,141 --> 00:06:17,743 on the cold and barren planet. 114 00:06:17,845 --> 00:06:20,278 Obviously you can't rely on food parcels 115 00:06:20,381 --> 00:06:22,114 from home coming every two years. 116 00:06:22,216 --> 00:06:24,983 You're gonna have to grow your own food. 117 00:06:25,085 --> 00:06:26,818 A lot of people think, "Well, that's pretty straightforward. 118 00:06:26,920 --> 00:06:31,123 "You just take a few potatoes and cabbages, and away you go. 119 00:06:31,191 --> 00:06:33,725 You can do farming on Mars." 120 00:06:33,794 --> 00:06:36,595 Now, research that's been done at Arizona State University 121 00:06:36,697 --> 00:06:39,931 suggests that when you send microorganisms into space, 122 00:06:40,033 --> 00:06:41,867 they behave differently. 123 00:06:41,969 --> 00:06:44,202 They don't like it up there. 124 00:06:44,304 --> 00:06:48,240 Hundreds, if not thousands, of PhD theses 125 00:06:48,342 --> 00:06:50,776 in the last 20 years have been written 126 00:06:50,878 --> 00:06:53,512 about how to grow food on Mars. 127 00:06:53,614 --> 00:06:55,847 And there was a very interesting experiment 128 00:06:55,949 --> 00:06:58,283 done a couple of years ago in Holland, 129 00:06:58,385 --> 00:07:01,119 where NASA provided the Dutch with what they thought 130 00:07:01,221 --> 00:07:05,023 was almost an identical copy of the soil on Mars. 131 00:07:05,125 --> 00:07:08,293 And the Dutch planted 4,200 seeds in it, 132 00:07:08,395 --> 00:07:10,629 of all kinds of different vegetables. 133 00:07:10,731 --> 00:07:12,631 And every single seed germinated. 134 00:07:12,733 --> 00:07:14,332 Some things did better than others-- 135 00:07:14,435 --> 00:07:17,135 like carrots grew very well there. 136 00:07:17,237 --> 00:07:18,937 There is no question that we will 137 00:07:19,039 --> 00:07:21,840 be able to grow food on Mars. 138 00:07:21,942 --> 00:07:25,644 But it's gonna be hundreds of years before we grow 139 00:07:25,746 --> 00:07:29,714 enough food on Mars that we can survive from the food we grow. 140 00:07:29,817 --> 00:07:32,651 The only way we're gonna be able to do that 141 00:07:32,753 --> 00:07:36,054 is to terraform the planet, so that it becomes much 142 00:07:36,156 --> 00:07:37,989 more Earth-like so that we can grow crops 143 00:07:38,058 --> 00:07:41,226 on the surface of the planet. 144 00:07:41,328 --> 00:07:43,695 NARRATOR: In recent years, 145 00:07:43,764 --> 00:07:47,632 scientists have proposed various methods to terraform Mars, 146 00:07:47,734 --> 00:07:51,603 deliberately altering it to be more Earth-like. 147 00:07:51,705 --> 00:07:55,841 Most focus on melting the ice at the poles 148 00:07:55,909 --> 00:08:00,479 to release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere to thicken it. 149 00:08:00,581 --> 00:08:04,316 PETRANEK: If we heat up the poles on Mars, 150 00:08:04,418 --> 00:08:07,252 that causes a significant temperature rise on Mars, 151 00:08:07,354 --> 00:08:10,021 and we start having flowing water on Mars, 152 00:08:10,090 --> 00:08:11,623 especially around the equator. 153 00:08:11,725 --> 00:08:14,192 Then water itself will go into the atmosphere, 154 00:08:14,294 --> 00:08:16,161 which is another greenhouse gas. 155 00:08:16,263 --> 00:08:18,830 And we will warm up Mars. 156 00:08:18,932 --> 00:08:22,100 And we will be able to plant crops on the surface of Mars. 157 00:08:22,202 --> 00:08:24,135 But that's a ways away. 158 00:08:24,238 --> 00:08:28,173 That's probably at least 300 years away. 159 00:08:28,275 --> 00:08:32,744 NARRATOR: With missions from both NASA and the private sector 160 00:08:32,846 --> 00:08:36,181 now officially in the works, humans landing 161 00:08:36,283 --> 00:08:41,052 on Mars is no longer the stuff of science fiction. 162 00:08:41,154 --> 00:08:44,155 But will we really go so far 163 00:08:44,258 --> 00:08:46,458 as to terraform the planet so that 164 00:08:46,560 --> 00:08:48,660 we can establish permanent residency there? 165 00:08:48,762 --> 00:08:51,363 And if so, why? 166 00:08:51,465 --> 00:08:56,167 What is it about Mars that compels us to go there? 167 00:08:56,270 --> 00:08:59,304 Interestingly, the conditions on Earth 168 00:08:59,406 --> 00:09:03,108 three to four billion years ago are thought to be 169 00:09:03,210 --> 00:09:06,177 much different from what they are today. 170 00:09:06,280 --> 00:09:10,115 Like Mars, the planet was relatively uninhabitable 171 00:09:10,217 --> 00:09:13,285 and lacked an atmosphere. 172 00:09:14,988 --> 00:09:17,155 According to ancient astronaut theorists, 173 00:09:17,257 --> 00:09:20,025 directed terraforming 174 00:09:20,127 --> 00:09:22,193 may have been exactly how life was started on Earth. 175 00:09:22,296 --> 00:09:23,962 And as evidence, 176 00:09:24,064 --> 00:09:28,199 they point to our earliest creation stories. 177 00:09:28,302 --> 00:09:30,802 When we look at the world's creation myths, 178 00:09:30,904 --> 00:09:33,505 one of the things that we find throughout these stories 179 00:09:33,607 --> 00:09:36,308 is the idea that the gods sought to create 180 00:09:36,410 --> 00:09:39,377 a stable environment on the Earth. 181 00:09:39,479 --> 00:09:44,215 The story of Genesis could be seen as a step-by-step guide 182 00:09:44,318 --> 00:09:47,018 for terraforming the Earth. 183 00:09:47,120 --> 00:09:49,921 On day one, God or the gods 184 00:09:50,023 --> 00:09:52,624 created the universe. 185 00:09:52,726 --> 00:09:55,794 On day two, the gods created the firmament. 186 00:09:55,862 --> 00:09:58,063 This is described as a dome, 187 00:09:58,131 --> 00:10:02,133 or a boundary separating heaven and Earth. 188 00:10:02,235 --> 00:10:05,270 Followed by the appearance of plants and animals 189 00:10:05,372 --> 00:10:08,707 and later human beings. 190 00:10:08,809 --> 00:10:11,276 GEORGE NOORY: To me, when I look at Genesis, 191 00:10:11,378 --> 00:10:14,245 it is exactly the thought 192 00:10:14,348 --> 00:10:16,247 of an extraterrestrial visitation. 193 00:10:16,350 --> 00:10:19,284 I'm sure there's a god-- there's no doubt about that. 194 00:10:19,386 --> 00:10:21,486 That there's a higher power. 195 00:10:21,588 --> 00:10:25,423 But somewhere along the line, extraterrestrials 196 00:10:25,525 --> 00:10:29,027 came down to this planet, created us, 197 00:10:29,129 --> 00:10:31,162 maybe even terraformed the planet, 198 00:10:31,264 --> 00:10:33,398 so that it could be adaptable to life. 199 00:10:33,500 --> 00:10:37,369 Heck, we're talking about doing that on Mars right now. 200 00:10:37,471 --> 00:10:40,238 The things that we'll be doing on Mars may be 201 00:10:40,340 --> 00:10:43,308 exactly the same things that extraterrestrials did 202 00:10:43,410 --> 00:10:45,310 when they came to our planet. 203 00:10:45,412 --> 00:10:47,545 We'll be terraforming that planet. 204 00:10:47,648 --> 00:10:50,715 Creating a more conducive atmosphere. 205 00:10:50,817 --> 00:10:54,919 Melting icecaps to create rivers and lakes. 206 00:10:55,022 --> 00:10:57,455 And then perhaps even genetically manipulating 207 00:10:57,557 --> 00:11:01,793 organisms to better survive on that planet. 208 00:11:01,895 --> 00:11:05,997 And perhaps mankind is being guided by extraterrestrials 209 00:11:06,099 --> 00:11:11,069 to go to Mars and colonize that Red Planet. 210 00:11:13,740 --> 00:11:17,142 NARRATOR: With our plans to colonize Mars, 211 00:11:17,244 --> 00:11:21,146 are humans actually following in the footsteps 212 00:11:21,248 --> 00:11:23,248 of extraterrestrials that came to Earth 213 00:11:23,350 --> 00:11:25,583 in the remote past? 214 00:11:25,686 --> 00:11:29,854 Ancient astronaut theorists suggest that not only 215 00:11:29,956 --> 00:11:33,591 is this the case, but that there is even evidence 216 00:11:33,694 --> 00:11:36,127 these alien visitors might have come here 217 00:11:36,229 --> 00:11:40,532 from the very planet that is now our destination. 218 00:11:45,564 --> 00:11:48,898 NARRATOR: On March 10, 2006, 219 00:11:49,001 --> 00:11:52,836 the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reached its destination, 220 00:11:52,938 --> 00:11:55,905 and began orbiting 186 miles 221 00:11:56,008 --> 00:11:59,476 above the Martian surface. 222 00:11:59,578 --> 00:12:04,347 It has circled the planet over 40,000 times and has sent 223 00:12:04,449 --> 00:12:07,884 over 264 terabytes of data 224 00:12:07,986 --> 00:12:09,886 and 200,000 images 225 00:12:09,988 --> 00:12:13,089 back to researchers on Earth. 226 00:12:14,226 --> 00:12:18,194 On September 28, 2015, 227 00:12:18,296 --> 00:12:20,797 NASA scientists announced 228 00:12:20,899 --> 00:12:23,500 that the images received from the Orbiter 229 00:12:23,602 --> 00:12:25,869 had finally led to the kind 230 00:12:25,971 --> 00:12:28,371 of groundbreaking discovery they were hoping for-- 231 00:12:28,473 --> 00:12:32,776 evidence of water on Mars. 232 00:12:32,878 --> 00:12:36,913 Photographs taken by the Orbiter 233 00:12:37,015 --> 00:12:41,184 reveal streaks that appear to ebb and flow through the year, 234 00:12:41,253 --> 00:12:44,921 much like the seasonal flow of rivers on Earth. 235 00:12:45,023 --> 00:12:49,592 PETRANEK: Astrobiologists have had a wake-up call. 236 00:12:49,694 --> 00:12:53,096 If there is flowing underground water on Mars, 237 00:12:53,198 --> 00:12:55,932 and since we know that all the chemicals structures on Mars 238 00:12:56,034 --> 00:12:59,002 for life are the same as they are on Earth. 239 00:12:59,104 --> 00:13:03,473 If you have that, it's unlikely 240 00:13:03,575 --> 00:13:06,276 that there is not life on Mars. 241 00:13:06,378 --> 00:13:08,778 DAVIES: The big question everybody wants to know is-- 242 00:13:08,880 --> 00:13:11,614 is there enough there for Mars life? 243 00:13:11,716 --> 00:13:13,683 And in my view, the answer is yes. 244 00:13:13,785 --> 00:13:17,487 You don't have to have liquid water lying around 245 00:13:17,589 --> 00:13:20,924 like a pond in order for microbes to make a living. 246 00:13:21,026 --> 00:13:23,693 There are microorganisms on Earth 247 00:13:23,762 --> 00:13:26,529 that live in Mars-like conditions. 248 00:13:26,631 --> 00:13:29,799 So do I believe that there is or was life on Mars? 249 00:13:29,901 --> 00:13:32,168 And I say yes, I'm absolutely certain of it. 250 00:13:33,505 --> 00:13:36,439 NARRATOR: In 1996, 251 00:13:36,541 --> 00:13:39,209 NASA researchers studying 252 00:13:39,311 --> 00:13:42,245 a Martian meteorite found on the Alan Hill ice fields 253 00:13:42,347 --> 00:13:44,047 of Antarctica 254 00:13:44,116 --> 00:13:46,549 announce a shocking discovery-- 255 00:13:46,618 --> 00:13:50,120 evidence of past microbial life 256 00:13:50,222 --> 00:13:51,988 on Mars. 257 00:13:52,090 --> 00:13:53,923 They backed away from this conclusion 258 00:13:53,992 --> 00:13:58,561 shortly after it made international headlines. 259 00:13:58,663 --> 00:14:01,131 Over a decade later, 260 00:14:01,233 --> 00:14:04,000 scientists re-examining the meteorite 261 00:14:04,102 --> 00:14:07,904 determine that it does indeed contain organic matter 262 00:14:08,006 --> 00:14:12,208 and evidence of bacterial fossils. 263 00:14:12,277 --> 00:14:15,044 The evidence for microbial life on early Mars 264 00:14:15,147 --> 00:14:17,380 from the meteorites is now very strong. 265 00:14:17,482 --> 00:14:19,315 It's almost overwhelming. 266 00:14:19,417 --> 00:14:21,417 Not only do some of the Mars meteorites 267 00:14:21,520 --> 00:14:24,087 show signs of early life on Mars, 268 00:14:24,189 --> 00:14:27,724 almost every one of them does. 269 00:14:30,295 --> 00:14:32,829 NARRATOR: While evidence of microbial life 270 00:14:32,931 --> 00:14:36,399 in Mars meteorites is groundbreaking, 271 00:14:36,501 --> 00:14:41,237 in 2013, geochemist Steven Benner 272 00:14:41,339 --> 00:14:43,640 presented findings suggesting 273 00:14:43,742 --> 00:14:46,042 these meteorites point to a possibility 274 00:14:46,144 --> 00:14:48,211 even more astonishing than the notion 275 00:14:48,313 --> 00:14:51,614 that there was once life on Mars. 276 00:14:51,716 --> 00:14:54,384 He claims that they may be responsible 277 00:14:54,486 --> 00:14:58,121 for seeding life here on Earth. 278 00:14:58,223 --> 00:15:01,391 Benner reached this conclusion when he found 279 00:15:01,493 --> 00:15:04,060 that particular elements believed to be crucial 280 00:15:04,162 --> 00:15:07,997 to the origin of life are not readily available on Earth, 281 00:15:08,099 --> 00:15:10,033 and would only have been present 282 00:15:10,135 --> 00:15:12,902 on the surface of the Red Planet. 283 00:15:13,004 --> 00:15:16,272 I've always felt that Mars was actually 284 00:15:16,374 --> 00:15:19,175 a better place than Earth for life to get going. 285 00:15:19,277 --> 00:15:23,446 Now Steve Benner recently has added to the appeal of Mars 286 00:15:23,548 --> 00:15:25,348 as the cradle of life 287 00:15:25,450 --> 00:15:29,052 by pointing out that certain elements that are actually 288 00:15:29,154 --> 00:15:33,189 essential for organic chemistry to work properly 289 00:15:33,291 --> 00:15:35,124 like boron and molybdenum, 290 00:15:35,227 --> 00:15:38,661 which are more abundant on Mars than they are on Earth. 291 00:15:38,763 --> 00:15:42,198 We can imagine that life on Earth started on Mars, 292 00:15:42,300 --> 00:15:45,568 so in a sense we're all Martians or descended from Martians. 293 00:15:45,670 --> 00:15:47,971 (indistinct chatter) 294 00:15:48,073 --> 00:15:52,208 NARRATOR: Life on Earth seeded from Mars? 295 00:15:52,310 --> 00:15:56,312 Could we, in fact, be Martians? 296 00:15:56,414 --> 00:15:59,649 Ancient astronaut theorists say yes, 297 00:15:59,751 --> 00:16:02,952 and suggest that this seeding of Earth 298 00:16:03,054 --> 00:16:05,788 may even have been a directed effort 299 00:16:05,890 --> 00:16:08,091 orchestrated by human-like beings 300 00:16:08,193 --> 00:16:11,027 that existed on the Red Planet. 301 00:16:11,129 --> 00:16:14,731 And they claim these extraterrestrial ancestors 302 00:16:14,833 --> 00:16:18,034 can be found in the apocryphal texts 303 00:16:18,136 --> 00:16:20,136 of the Hebrew bible, 304 00:16:20,238 --> 00:16:24,207 represented as the "fallen angels." 305 00:16:24,276 --> 00:16:28,444 We know from ancient legend of the books of Enoch, 306 00:16:28,546 --> 00:16:33,082 that there was a group of angels 307 00:16:33,184 --> 00:16:35,618 who descended to Earth 308 00:16:35,720 --> 00:16:38,655 in violation of divine law. 309 00:16:38,757 --> 00:16:41,591 They introduced to humanity 310 00:16:41,660 --> 00:16:43,459 ways, means, knowledge, 311 00:16:43,561 --> 00:16:46,696 which we would understand today as science and technology. 312 00:16:46,798 --> 00:16:51,768 These angels were in human form. 313 00:16:51,870 --> 00:16:54,637 They were called, in Hebrew, Ishim, which means men. 314 00:16:54,739 --> 00:16:58,708 They looked just like us. 315 00:17:00,879 --> 00:17:04,580 YOUNG: The fallen angels were giants. 316 00:17:04,649 --> 00:17:08,418 They were at least ten feet tall, very striking to look at. 317 00:17:08,520 --> 00:17:10,453 Enormous eyes. 318 00:17:10,555 --> 00:17:12,755 And no wings. 319 00:17:12,857 --> 00:17:15,425 HENRY: For over 100 years, mythologists 320 00:17:15,493 --> 00:17:19,362 have been contemplating this idea that the fallen angels 321 00:17:19,464 --> 00:17:20,963 came from Mars to Earth. 322 00:17:21,066 --> 00:17:23,733 Even Dante described this in the Paradiso. 323 00:17:23,835 --> 00:17:26,602 He called this the fifth level of heaven. 324 00:17:26,705 --> 00:17:29,439 Is it possible that the fallen angels 325 00:17:29,541 --> 00:17:31,908 came to Earth from Mars? 326 00:17:35,380 --> 00:17:38,247 NARRATOR: Could we reinterpret the story of fallen angels 327 00:17:38,350 --> 00:17:41,451 as beings not from heaven, 328 00:17:41,553 --> 00:17:43,553 but from Mars? 329 00:17:43,655 --> 00:17:47,156 Based on examination of the astronauts 330 00:17:47,225 --> 00:17:50,360 living in the International Space Station, 331 00:17:50,428 --> 00:17:53,563 scientists have speculated on what physiological changes 332 00:17:53,665 --> 00:17:56,632 might be seen in future generations 333 00:17:56,735 --> 00:17:59,469 of humans born on Mars. 334 00:17:59,571 --> 00:18:02,472 And ancient astronaut theorists suggest 335 00:18:02,574 --> 00:18:05,508 the resemblance to the description of fallen angels 336 00:18:05,610 --> 00:18:08,344 may be uncanny. 337 00:18:08,446 --> 00:18:11,614 PIEN: One of the most amazing things about the human body 338 00:18:11,716 --> 00:18:13,950 is its ability to adapt. 339 00:18:14,052 --> 00:18:16,819 And if you look at astronauts who go into space, 340 00:18:16,921 --> 00:18:20,156 they actually grow about two or three inches. 341 00:18:20,258 --> 00:18:22,759 And when you have a human that's born on Mars, 342 00:18:22,861 --> 00:18:24,861 what's gonna happen is the environment 343 00:18:24,963 --> 00:18:27,663 will change the structure of the human body. 344 00:18:27,766 --> 00:18:30,099 And what you're gonna see in a few generations 345 00:18:30,201 --> 00:18:32,368 is humans that are taller and skinnier, 346 00:18:32,470 --> 00:18:35,938 because the gravity on Mars is less than that of Earth. 347 00:18:36,040 --> 00:18:39,809 BARA: If humans evolve long enough on the planet Mars, 348 00:18:39,911 --> 00:18:41,544 they could grow to be taller, 349 00:18:41,646 --> 00:18:43,212 they'd have the bigger heads; 350 00:18:43,281 --> 00:18:44,781 they'd have the spindly limbs. 351 00:18:44,883 --> 00:18:47,183 They might actually grow slightly larger eyes 352 00:18:47,285 --> 00:18:49,352 that were equipped to see better in the dark, 353 00:18:49,454 --> 00:18:51,220 because you simply have less sunlight on Mars 354 00:18:51,322 --> 00:18:52,655 than you do on the Earth, 355 00:18:52,757 --> 00:18:54,824 because it's farther away from the sun. 356 00:18:54,893 --> 00:18:57,527 They could also end up looking like representations 357 00:18:57,629 --> 00:18:59,729 of angels and various 358 00:18:59,831 --> 00:19:01,764 other god-like beings that we've read about 359 00:19:01,866 --> 00:19:04,567 in the Bible and other ancient documents. 360 00:19:04,669 --> 00:19:07,470 CHILDRESS: These attributes to somebody 361 00:19:07,572 --> 00:19:10,840 from a low-gravity planet like Mars 362 00:19:10,942 --> 00:19:12,809 or being in space for a long time 363 00:19:12,911 --> 00:19:16,245 may well be the attributes that we see 364 00:19:16,314 --> 00:19:19,615 of the fallen angels being very tall 365 00:19:19,717 --> 00:19:21,684 and-and spindly 366 00:19:21,786 --> 00:19:23,686 and-and perhaps pale 367 00:19:23,788 --> 00:19:27,723 and with large eyes. 368 00:19:27,826 --> 00:19:29,892 Something that we might expect to be coming 369 00:19:29,994 --> 00:19:33,362 from another planet like Mars. 370 00:19:33,465 --> 00:19:36,165 NARRATOR: Might life on Earth 371 00:19:36,267 --> 00:19:39,535 really have originated on Mars? 372 00:19:39,637 --> 00:19:43,406 And is it possible it was not by chance, 373 00:19:43,508 --> 00:19:45,308 but by design? 374 00:19:45,410 --> 00:19:49,679 And if so, just what happened to the Martians? 375 00:19:49,781 --> 00:19:53,749 Perhaps clues can be found by examining 376 00:19:53,852 --> 00:19:56,886 what some say is undeniable evidence 377 00:19:56,988 --> 00:20:00,323 of weapons of mass destruction. 378 00:20:08,032 --> 00:20:10,332 NARRATOR: Spanning 2,500 miles 379 00:20:10,434 --> 00:20:13,268 across the equatorial region of the Red Planet 380 00:20:13,371 --> 00:20:16,905 is a colossal gash in the crust. 381 00:20:17,008 --> 00:20:19,808 Called the Valles Marineris, 382 00:20:19,910 --> 00:20:22,644 it is over four miles deep, 383 00:20:22,747 --> 00:20:26,882 which is four times the depth of the Grand Canyon. 384 00:20:26,984 --> 00:20:29,284 And it runs a length equal 385 00:20:29,387 --> 00:20:31,353 to the span of the United States 386 00:20:31,455 --> 00:20:33,989 from New York to California. 387 00:20:34,091 --> 00:20:35,891 DENNIN: The Valles Marineris 388 00:20:35,993 --> 00:20:37,793 is one of the biggest tranches on Mars. 389 00:20:37,895 --> 00:20:42,164 It was named after one of the Mariner missions in the '70s. 390 00:20:42,266 --> 00:20:44,533 It has some very interesting geological features. 391 00:20:44,635 --> 00:20:46,101 It's quite huge. 392 00:20:46,203 --> 00:20:48,103 So it's really an interesting challenge 393 00:20:48,205 --> 00:20:50,039 to figure out what formed this valley. 394 00:20:50,107 --> 00:20:52,508 DAVIES: It is truly immense. 395 00:20:52,610 --> 00:20:54,476 And the question is, uh, 396 00:20:54,578 --> 00:20:58,947 why did these features occur on Mars on such a grand scale? 397 00:20:59,050 --> 00:21:03,152 The Grand Canyon is, you know, created by the Colorado River. 398 00:21:03,254 --> 00:21:05,954 I don't think the Valles Marineris 399 00:21:06,057 --> 00:21:07,790 was created by a river. 400 00:21:07,892 --> 00:21:09,358 It's very clear that it hasn't been made 401 00:21:09,460 --> 00:21:12,361 by water erosion. 402 00:21:12,463 --> 00:21:15,497 NARRATOR: The prevailing scientific theory 403 00:21:15,599 --> 00:21:17,433 suggests that the gash 404 00:21:17,535 --> 00:21:19,968 may be the result of volcanic activity 405 00:21:20,071 --> 00:21:23,472 combined with shifts in crustal plates. 406 00:21:23,574 --> 00:21:27,076 However, engineer Ralph Juergens 407 00:21:27,144 --> 00:21:31,680 argued in his 1974 article, "Of the Moon and Mars," 408 00:21:31,782 --> 00:21:35,084 that the geographic features of the Valles Marineris 409 00:21:35,152 --> 00:21:38,854 did not show signs of being torn and upended 410 00:21:38,956 --> 00:21:41,223 as is typical of volcanic thrusts. 411 00:21:41,325 --> 00:21:45,961 But rather, it appeared to be carved out. 412 00:21:46,063 --> 00:21:49,064 Juergens proposed that the feature 413 00:21:49,166 --> 00:21:50,866 resembled the residual marks 414 00:21:50,968 --> 00:21:54,470 left behind by an electrical discharge. 415 00:21:56,841 --> 00:21:58,941 According to his theory, 416 00:21:59,043 --> 00:22:02,611 the area was zapped by a powerful cosmic thunderbolt, 417 00:22:02,713 --> 00:22:06,715 carving out the landscape as it advanced across the surface, 418 00:22:06,817 --> 00:22:10,319 blasting material into space. 419 00:22:11,856 --> 00:22:14,056 Although NASA scientists 420 00:22:14,158 --> 00:22:15,991 dismiss the theory, 421 00:22:16,093 --> 00:22:20,462 it has been gaining traction with electrical engineers. 422 00:22:20,564 --> 00:22:22,698 By using 423 00:22:22,766 --> 00:22:25,033 two electrodes to create an electrical arc 424 00:22:25,136 --> 00:22:28,070 over a sandy surface, they have been able 425 00:22:28,172 --> 00:22:30,539 to demonstrate on a small-scale 426 00:22:30,608 --> 00:22:33,809 how the Valles Marineris could have been carved out 427 00:22:33,911 --> 00:22:37,279 by an electric bolt. 428 00:22:37,381 --> 00:22:39,648 You don't see this type of thing with a volcano 429 00:22:39,750 --> 00:22:43,118 or an earthquake or any other type of natural occurrence. 430 00:22:43,220 --> 00:22:46,455 The feature itself resembles 431 00:22:46,557 --> 00:22:48,857 many of the electric discharges that we've done. 432 00:22:51,695 --> 00:22:55,197 NARRATOR: But could a cosmic thunderbolt 433 00:22:55,299 --> 00:22:59,268 be responsible for the massive gash across Mars? 434 00:22:59,370 --> 00:23:02,538 If so, was it a natural occurrence 435 00:23:02,640 --> 00:23:05,807 or an attack? 436 00:23:05,910 --> 00:23:08,477 There are some very interesting stories 437 00:23:08,579 --> 00:23:11,880 of ancient advanced thunderbolt-like weapons. 438 00:23:11,949 --> 00:23:15,717 For example, in the Norse, Greek, and Vedic traditions, 439 00:23:15,819 --> 00:23:20,489 there is a weapon that can destroy entire worlds. 440 00:23:20,591 --> 00:23:22,524 In the Vedic text, 441 00:23:22,626 --> 00:23:25,594 uh, what is found is called "Vajra." 442 00:23:25,696 --> 00:23:28,263 "Vajra" means thunderbolt. 443 00:23:28,365 --> 00:23:30,899 And this is a very powerful weapon 444 00:23:31,001 --> 00:23:33,902 that God Indra carries. 445 00:23:34,004 --> 00:23:36,471 And it was a special weapon that was designed 446 00:23:36,574 --> 00:23:40,642 to destroy this giant called Vritra. 447 00:23:40,744 --> 00:23:44,513 Vritra represented the dark force. 448 00:23:44,615 --> 00:23:48,050 And then he was creating havoc in the universe. 449 00:23:48,152 --> 00:23:50,152 So he had to be destroyed. 450 00:23:50,254 --> 00:23:52,754 And Indra used this weapon 451 00:23:52,856 --> 00:23:55,624 to destroy this giant. 452 00:23:55,726 --> 00:24:00,062 CHILDRESS: Vajra is this super lightning bolt strike 453 00:24:00,164 --> 00:24:03,232 that devastates everything 454 00:24:03,334 --> 00:24:08,103 and is the most destructive weapon that the gods have. 455 00:24:08,205 --> 00:24:12,774 And if you look on Mars that scar appears to be 456 00:24:12,876 --> 00:24:17,346 from some huge electric strike. 457 00:24:17,448 --> 00:24:20,115 Perhaps this Vajra weapon of Indra 458 00:24:20,217 --> 00:24:22,684 that is hitting the planet 459 00:24:22,786 --> 00:24:26,588 and creating a huge canyon 460 00:24:26,690 --> 00:24:29,024 and may be what 461 00:24:29,126 --> 00:24:32,261 really changed Mars. 462 00:24:32,363 --> 00:24:34,963 It would seem that these weapons 463 00:24:35,065 --> 00:24:38,166 are extraterrestrial in nature. 464 00:24:40,704 --> 00:24:42,571 NARRATOR: Could the Vajra described 465 00:24:42,673 --> 00:24:45,040 in the ancient Vedic texts 466 00:24:45,142 --> 00:24:48,644 be a super weapon used against the planet? 467 00:24:48,712 --> 00:24:51,913 Ancient astronaut theorists say yes, 468 00:24:51,982 --> 00:24:54,850 and suggest there is even evidence 469 00:24:54,952 --> 00:24:57,019 of other weapons of mass destruction 470 00:24:57,121 --> 00:25:01,056 being detonated on the Red Planet. 471 00:25:03,060 --> 00:25:05,394 In a 2014 paper 472 00:25:05,496 --> 00:25:08,196 published in The Journal of Cosmology, 473 00:25:08,299 --> 00:25:10,966 physicist Dr. John Brandenburg 474 00:25:11,068 --> 00:25:13,101 presented findings indicating 475 00:25:13,203 --> 00:25:15,304 that someone or something 476 00:25:15,406 --> 00:25:17,005 wiped out life on Mars 477 00:25:17,107 --> 00:25:20,809 with massive nuclear explosions. 478 00:25:20,911 --> 00:25:24,680 BRANDENBURG: There's an enormous spike in xenon 129 479 00:25:24,782 --> 00:25:27,115 in the Martian atmosphere. 480 00:25:27,217 --> 00:25:29,651 Xenon 129 is produced 481 00:25:29,753 --> 00:25:33,088 by very violent nuclear reactions. 482 00:25:33,190 --> 00:25:36,124 I originally proposed as an explanation 483 00:25:36,226 --> 00:25:39,995 that this was a natural nuclear reactor that had gone unstable. 484 00:25:40,064 --> 00:25:43,031 However, as I talked to more scientists, 485 00:25:43,133 --> 00:25:46,368 they said the xenon spectrum is wrong. 486 00:25:46,437 --> 00:25:48,337 That is weapon signature. 487 00:25:48,439 --> 00:25:52,140 That is not from any kind of natural nuclear reactor. 488 00:25:52,242 --> 00:25:54,710 The pattern of radiation 489 00:25:54,812 --> 00:25:57,479 on the Mars surface indicates 490 00:25:57,581 --> 00:26:00,582 that there is a global debris pattern 491 00:26:00,684 --> 00:26:03,118 extending from two hot spots of radiation 492 00:26:03,220 --> 00:26:05,187 in the north of Mars 493 00:26:05,289 --> 00:26:07,856 going all the way around the planet. 494 00:26:07,958 --> 00:26:11,660 The regions of the residual radioactivity 495 00:26:11,762 --> 00:26:14,463 are covered in glass-- 496 00:26:14,565 --> 00:26:17,399 the same sort of acid-etched glass 497 00:26:17,501 --> 00:26:19,735 that was found at nuclear test sites. 498 00:26:19,837 --> 00:26:21,503 It's called trinitite. 499 00:26:21,605 --> 00:26:24,106 So thousands of square miles of Mars' surface 500 00:26:24,208 --> 00:26:26,174 apparently were turned to glass. 501 00:26:26,276 --> 00:26:31,046 Someone apparently dropped two massive nuclear weapons on Mars 502 00:26:31,148 --> 00:26:33,281 to explode in mid-air. 503 00:26:33,384 --> 00:26:35,350 There's no natural phenomenon 504 00:26:35,452 --> 00:26:39,821 that can account for this nuclear data. 505 00:26:39,923 --> 00:26:41,890 So we must go to Mars. 506 00:26:41,992 --> 00:26:45,060 We must find out exactly what happened there. 507 00:26:45,162 --> 00:26:49,531 NARRATOR: Are there really tell-tale signs 508 00:26:49,633 --> 00:26:53,201 of orchestrated mass destruction on Mars? 509 00:26:53,303 --> 00:26:56,204 If so, might some of the survivors 510 00:26:56,273 --> 00:26:58,774 have made it to Earth? 511 00:26:58,876 --> 00:27:01,843 Perhaps further evidence can be found 512 00:27:01,945 --> 00:27:04,679 by examining the landscape of Mars, 513 00:27:04,782 --> 00:27:07,349 and its mysterious formations 514 00:27:07,451 --> 00:27:10,852 that some say are alien artifacts. 515 00:27:20,231 --> 00:27:22,331 NARRATOR: 554 solar days 516 00:27:22,433 --> 00:27:26,502 after the Mars Curiosity Rover touched down, 517 00:27:26,604 --> 00:27:28,537 it beams its latest high-resolution 518 00:27:28,606 --> 00:27:32,841 panoramic photographs of the Mars landscape to Earth. 519 00:27:34,211 --> 00:27:37,079 Upon inspection, amateur archaeologists 520 00:27:37,148 --> 00:27:39,315 announce a startling discovery-- 521 00:27:39,417 --> 00:27:41,283 what appears to be an effigy 522 00:27:41,385 --> 00:27:43,352 located at the Dingo Gap, 523 00:27:43,421 --> 00:27:46,455 resembling a human statue. 524 00:27:46,557 --> 00:27:50,960 The find is just one of the dozens 525 00:27:51,062 --> 00:27:55,798 of strange earth-like objects sighted in the Rover images-- 526 00:27:55,866 --> 00:28:00,436 including a sarcophagus... 527 00:28:00,504 --> 00:28:03,038 a Buddha statue... 528 00:28:06,143 --> 00:28:09,311 ...and even a cross. 529 00:28:09,413 --> 00:28:11,080 BARA: There are a lot 530 00:28:11,182 --> 00:28:13,015 of different objects on Mars that people see, 531 00:28:13,050 --> 00:28:15,517 or think they see, in various rover images. 532 00:28:15,586 --> 00:28:18,087 And it's really hard to dismiss them, 533 00:28:18,189 --> 00:28:19,888 because they do look exactly 534 00:28:19,957 --> 00:28:22,224 like sculptures that human beings make. 535 00:28:22,326 --> 00:28:25,394 And even after a massive cataclysm, 536 00:28:25,496 --> 00:28:27,363 like what apparently took place on Mars, 537 00:28:27,465 --> 00:28:30,299 you're gonna find remnants from a lost civilization 538 00:28:30,401 --> 00:28:33,335 that's just leaving behind those last hints that 539 00:28:33,404 --> 00:28:35,004 we were here. 540 00:28:35,106 --> 00:28:38,407 NARRATOR: Ancient astronaut theorists 541 00:28:38,476 --> 00:28:40,409 have considered that there may be 542 00:28:40,478 --> 00:28:44,246 artifacts and unnatural structures on Mars 543 00:28:44,315 --> 00:28:46,148 since the first images where beamed back 544 00:28:46,217 --> 00:28:48,017 from the Mars Viking Mission 545 00:28:48,119 --> 00:28:51,220 in 1979. 546 00:28:51,288 --> 00:28:54,723 NASA officials claim the perceived likeness 547 00:28:54,825 --> 00:28:57,292 of formations on Mars to man-made objects 548 00:28:57,395 --> 00:28:59,828 is due to Pareidolia, 549 00:28:59,930 --> 00:29:02,431 where the mind perceives a familiar pattern, 550 00:29:02,533 --> 00:29:06,001 like seeing shapes in clouds. 551 00:29:06,103 --> 00:29:09,471 But some imaging experts are not convinced 552 00:29:09,573 --> 00:29:12,508 that it's just a trick of the eye. 553 00:29:12,610 --> 00:29:14,610 Joe White has been working 554 00:29:14,712 --> 00:29:17,613 in image restoration for 25 years, 555 00:29:17,715 --> 00:29:20,816 and claims to have found artifacts on the Martian surface 556 00:29:20,918 --> 00:29:22,918 that defy explanation. 557 00:29:23,020 --> 00:29:24,620 JOE WHITE: The Rover images 558 00:29:24,722 --> 00:29:27,122 are generally fairly close-up, and it is possible 559 00:29:27,191 --> 00:29:30,626 to spot things like statue heads and stone blocks, 560 00:29:30,728 --> 00:29:34,196 sometimes with writing on and carvings in them. 561 00:29:34,298 --> 00:29:37,933 It's such a shame they, they do so much to destroy these images. 562 00:29:38,002 --> 00:29:39,535 But basically what they do is they resize them down 563 00:29:39,637 --> 00:29:41,403 so that the detail's all lost. 564 00:29:41,472 --> 00:29:43,305 But because I've worked in photographic restoration, 565 00:29:43,374 --> 00:29:45,240 I know how to do it. 566 00:29:45,342 --> 00:29:47,242 All I've done with this is actually enhanced the contrast 567 00:29:47,344 --> 00:29:48,610 and sharpened it a little bit. 568 00:29:48,712 --> 00:29:51,080 The details I noticed first were 569 00:29:51,182 --> 00:29:53,048 particularly the eye and nose details 570 00:29:53,150 --> 00:29:56,118 on the front of the, of the, the statue on the left here 571 00:29:56,187 --> 00:29:58,654 with a very quite clear mouth structure 572 00:29:58,722 --> 00:30:02,191 and what looks like an ear, just here. 573 00:30:02,293 --> 00:30:06,528 And you have a long narrow elongated cone head shape 574 00:30:06,630 --> 00:30:08,797 to the statue. 575 00:30:08,899 --> 00:30:11,133 Now this may well be an elaborate headdress 576 00:30:11,235 --> 00:30:13,902 on this statue here, which seems to be broken off. 577 00:30:14,004 --> 00:30:15,471 But it's hard to say for sure. 578 00:30:15,539 --> 00:30:17,206 I mean this is a, it's a damaged statue, 579 00:30:17,274 --> 00:30:19,274 buried up to its chin 580 00:30:19,376 --> 00:30:21,944 and there's probably a lot more of it 581 00:30:22,046 --> 00:30:23,445 buried just below in the sand. 582 00:30:23,547 --> 00:30:25,314 But you can actually see quite clearly 583 00:30:25,416 --> 00:30:27,082 it's the sort of thing you would expect to find 584 00:30:27,184 --> 00:30:29,952 somewhere like Central or South America. 585 00:30:32,623 --> 00:30:35,557 NARRATOR: Might there actually be ruins of a lost civilization 586 00:30:35,626 --> 00:30:40,329 scattered across the Martian landscape? 587 00:30:40,431 --> 00:30:45,033 Ruins that mirror those that exist on our own planet? 588 00:30:45,136 --> 00:30:48,570 Ancient Astronaut theorists say yes, 589 00:30:48,672 --> 00:30:51,106 and propose that this is 590 00:30:51,175 --> 00:30:53,909 one of many artifacts on Mars 591 00:30:53,978 --> 00:30:57,946 that seem to have counterparts on our Earth. 592 00:30:58,048 --> 00:31:01,717 Certain structures on Mars may be completely 593 00:31:01,819 --> 00:31:04,653 related to structures here on Earth. 594 00:31:04,722 --> 00:31:09,258 On Mars, we have structures that look like pyramids. 595 00:31:09,360 --> 00:31:11,693 There are standing stones 596 00:31:11,795 --> 00:31:16,031 and Stonehenge-type of structures on Mars. 597 00:31:16,133 --> 00:31:20,335 There's also a structure on Mars that looks like a Sphinx. 598 00:31:23,140 --> 00:31:25,707 BARA: Around Cydonia, there are many, many objects, 599 00:31:25,809 --> 00:31:27,576 including an area called "the city," 600 00:31:27,678 --> 00:31:30,846 where the so-called face on Mars is located. 601 00:31:30,948 --> 00:31:33,382 There's a massive pentagonal pyramid. 602 00:31:33,484 --> 00:31:36,318 There's a cluster of other pyramidal objects 603 00:31:36,420 --> 00:31:37,986 that are nearby. 604 00:31:38,055 --> 00:31:40,155 And one of the things that's really interesting 605 00:31:40,257 --> 00:31:42,124 about the city is that some people have pointed out that 606 00:31:42,226 --> 00:31:45,160 if you take the apex of all of the pyramidal structures there-- 607 00:31:45,229 --> 00:31:46,728 and there are number of them-- 608 00:31:46,797 --> 00:31:50,265 that they basically match the layout of the Pleiades. 609 00:31:50,334 --> 00:31:53,001 Now, this is something that we've seen here on Earth. 610 00:31:53,070 --> 00:31:56,104 We've seen various ancient architectural monuments 611 00:31:56,207 --> 00:31:57,806 that are also laid out to reflect 612 00:31:57,875 --> 00:32:00,175 the constellation of the Pleiades. 613 00:32:00,244 --> 00:32:03,312 TSOUKALOS: Is it possible that the structures on Mars 614 00:32:03,414 --> 00:32:06,481 are real and of artificial origin? 615 00:32:06,584 --> 00:32:09,418 That is something where all of science says, 616 00:32:09,520 --> 00:32:11,453 "No, impossible." 617 00:32:11,555 --> 00:32:13,222 Well, is it really? 618 00:32:13,290 --> 00:32:15,490 Water on Mars-- impossible, right? 619 00:32:15,593 --> 00:32:17,559 No, it has been proven. 620 00:32:17,661 --> 00:32:20,095 So we have to ask ourselves 621 00:32:20,130 --> 00:32:23,565 what civilization built this? 622 00:32:23,667 --> 00:32:25,667 And what happened to them? 623 00:32:25,769 --> 00:32:30,172 And some have suggested that they actually escaped Mars 624 00:32:30,274 --> 00:32:34,476 and came to Earth to ensure their survival. 625 00:32:34,578 --> 00:32:36,712 HENRY: When we look to these extraordinary structures 626 00:32:36,780 --> 00:32:41,083 on Earth, similar to what we're now seeing on Mars, 627 00:32:41,185 --> 00:32:43,452 it makes you wonder did our ancient extraterrestrial 628 00:32:43,554 --> 00:32:48,156 ancestors teach humans how to build these monuments? 629 00:32:48,225 --> 00:32:51,126 And knowing that one day, we would rediscover our roots 630 00:32:51,228 --> 00:32:54,296 on Mars and be able to match up what we've done on Earth 631 00:32:54,398 --> 00:32:56,598 with what we had already done on Mars. 632 00:32:56,667 --> 00:33:00,636 NARRATOR: Might the various structures and artifacts 633 00:33:00,738 --> 00:33:03,705 found on the surface of Mars 634 00:33:03,807 --> 00:33:07,209 really be evidence of a past Martian civilization? 635 00:33:07,311 --> 00:33:12,114 A civilization that was recreated on Earth? 636 00:33:14,218 --> 00:33:18,287 If so, why would NASA try to hide this connection? 637 00:33:18,389 --> 00:33:20,422 And might there be more 638 00:33:20,491 --> 00:33:23,191 that the public isn't being told? 639 00:33:26,080 --> 00:33:30,315 NARRATOR: The $2.5 billion Mars Curiosity 640 00:33:30,417 --> 00:33:34,820 is the most advanced rover yet to explore the Martian terrain. 641 00:33:34,889 --> 00:33:38,724 Beyond obtaining high-resolution photographs, 642 00:33:38,792 --> 00:33:41,159 as well as soil and air samples, 643 00:33:41,228 --> 00:33:45,097 as it travels across the surface of the planet-- 644 00:33:45,165 --> 00:33:47,633 it is also able to turn the camera on itself. 645 00:33:47,701 --> 00:33:51,303 A feature that enables engineers at NASA 646 00:33:51,405 --> 00:33:55,440 to diagnose and troubleshoot issues from Earth. 647 00:33:55,542 --> 00:33:59,278 Curiously, 50 solar days into its mission, 648 00:33:59,346 --> 00:34:03,615 the rover beamed a mysterious photograph back to Earth 649 00:34:03,717 --> 00:34:06,351 showing what appeared to some researchers 650 00:34:06,420 --> 00:34:09,421 to be the shadow of a human-like figure 651 00:34:09,523 --> 00:34:12,157 working on the Rover. 652 00:34:12,259 --> 00:34:14,226 CHILDRESS: You could see a person there. 653 00:34:14,295 --> 00:34:17,596 And even it seemed that he was not wearing a helmet, 654 00:34:17,698 --> 00:34:21,700 but was in some kind of gear and goggles. 655 00:34:21,802 --> 00:34:25,804 And it made people speculate that what might be going on 656 00:34:25,873 --> 00:34:29,308 on Mars is more than what NASA 657 00:34:29,410 --> 00:34:32,577 and also the military space program 658 00:34:32,680 --> 00:34:35,747 has said that we can achieve. 659 00:34:35,849 --> 00:34:38,850 BARA: NASA knows so much more about Mars 660 00:34:38,953 --> 00:34:40,285 than they are telling us. 661 00:34:40,387 --> 00:34:41,753 They put pictures out. 662 00:34:41,855 --> 00:34:43,288 They allow things to come out. 663 00:34:43,390 --> 00:34:45,324 They do not comment on them, in general, 664 00:34:45,426 --> 00:34:48,427 but they just allow people with eyes, who want to see, 665 00:34:48,495 --> 00:34:50,395 to look at these things and understand what they are. 666 00:34:50,497 --> 00:34:52,898 But they don't say anything about it, 667 00:34:52,967 --> 00:34:57,436 because they are constrained by the political realities. 668 00:34:57,504 --> 00:34:58,870 NOORY: A couple of years go, 669 00:34:58,973 --> 00:35:00,806 we got a call from a person named Jackie, 670 00:35:00,874 --> 00:35:04,309 who claimed that she was a former NASA employee. 671 00:35:04,411 --> 00:35:06,645 And she went on with this profound story 672 00:35:06,747 --> 00:35:09,815 about how our rovers 673 00:35:09,917 --> 00:35:12,985 had sent back pictures that NASA has suppressed 674 00:35:13,053 --> 00:35:17,789 of humans on Mars walking around. 675 00:35:17,858 --> 00:35:19,424 And she was very compelling. 676 00:35:19,493 --> 00:35:22,661 She seemed to know exactly what she was talking about. 677 00:35:22,763 --> 00:35:26,465 There's always been a theory that there's a space program 678 00:35:26,567 --> 00:35:29,601 beyond the space program that we know. 679 00:35:29,670 --> 00:35:31,403 It's a black ops program. 680 00:35:31,505 --> 00:35:35,140 It's the program where trillions of dollars merely disappear, 681 00:35:35,209 --> 00:35:38,243 and nobody knows where the money went. 682 00:35:38,312 --> 00:35:40,746 And nobody knows what's going on. 683 00:35:40,814 --> 00:35:43,849 BARA: A Scottish hacker named Gary McKinnon 684 00:35:43,951 --> 00:35:46,018 actually hacked into the NASA database, 685 00:35:46,120 --> 00:35:48,053 and discovered a file, which contained a list 686 00:35:48,122 --> 00:35:50,589 of what were called non-terrestrial officers-- 687 00:35:50,657 --> 00:35:52,391 officers in the military that were actually 688 00:35:52,493 --> 00:35:55,060 living and working off of the planet Earth. 689 00:35:55,129 --> 00:35:58,296 Now, "non-terrestrial" doesn't necessarily mean "Mars." 690 00:35:58,399 --> 00:36:00,265 But it does mean "out in space." 691 00:36:00,367 --> 00:36:02,801 And what that indicates is that there is some kind 692 00:36:02,903 --> 00:36:04,569 of top-secret space program 693 00:36:04,671 --> 00:36:06,638 that exists that the public doesn't know about. 694 00:36:08,375 --> 00:36:09,841 NARRATOR: Could there really be 695 00:36:09,943 --> 00:36:13,278 a secret U.S. military operation on Mars? 696 00:36:13,380 --> 00:36:17,849 If so, just how long has it been going on? 697 00:36:17,918 --> 00:36:22,254 Some researchers suggest that a feasible plan 698 00:36:22,356 --> 00:36:25,023 to get to Mars was conceived 699 00:36:25,125 --> 00:36:27,826 well before we even made it to the moon 700 00:36:27,928 --> 00:36:31,396 and by the same scientist that got us there. 701 00:36:31,465 --> 00:36:34,399 PETRANEK: Wernher Von Braun was a rocket genius, 702 00:36:34,468 --> 00:36:37,369 and he was obsessed with going to Mars. 703 00:36:37,438 --> 00:36:39,104 He was obsessed with rocketry. 704 00:36:39,206 --> 00:36:42,707 And he wrote a book in 1948 called The Mars Project. 705 00:36:42,810 --> 00:36:46,445 And it's basically a 91-page manual on how to get to Mars. 706 00:36:46,547 --> 00:36:49,347 It has all the computations worked out, 707 00:36:49,450 --> 00:36:52,651 all the formulas for what home and transfer orbits 708 00:36:52,753 --> 00:36:54,619 you need to use to get to Mars. 709 00:36:54,721 --> 00:36:56,621 He actually projected 710 00:36:56,723 --> 00:36:59,925 that he could put people on Mars by 1965. 711 00:37:00,027 --> 00:37:02,327 Everything he put in that 91-page manual 712 00:37:02,429 --> 00:37:04,896 is actually still valid today. 713 00:37:04,998 --> 00:37:08,900 NOORY: Wernher Von Braun outlined our plan 714 00:37:09,002 --> 00:37:11,136 to go to Mars and colonize it. 715 00:37:11,238 --> 00:37:14,873 Well, everybody thinks, "Well, we just never did that." 716 00:37:14,975 --> 00:37:17,909 There are other people that think we took his playbook 717 00:37:18,011 --> 00:37:20,512 and that we indeed did colonize Mars, 718 00:37:20,614 --> 00:37:23,348 and that we have a colony of astronauts there 719 00:37:23,450 --> 00:37:27,552 right now under his tutelage when he was alive. 720 00:37:27,621 --> 00:37:29,921 DAVID WILCOCK: There's compelling evidence 721 00:37:29,990 --> 00:37:32,657 that Von Braun was working secretly 722 00:37:32,726 --> 00:37:34,493 with elements of the U.S. government 723 00:37:34,595 --> 00:37:37,529 in an attempt to try to make it to Mars. 724 00:37:37,631 --> 00:37:41,766 Is it possible that was done? 725 00:37:41,869 --> 00:37:43,835 Do you think it's possible that the government 726 00:37:43,904 --> 00:37:44,903 could keep something a secret? 727 00:37:45,005 --> 00:37:46,505 Absolutely. 728 00:37:46,607 --> 00:37:48,440 Go back to the Manhattan Project. 729 00:37:48,542 --> 00:37:51,776 When they developed the nuclear bomb, there was over 730 00:37:51,879 --> 00:37:56,014 140,000 personnel involved in that program. 731 00:37:56,083 --> 00:37:58,717 No one squealed. 732 00:37:58,819 --> 00:38:00,118 No one said what they were doing 733 00:38:00,220 --> 00:38:02,621 and many of those people were unaware of what 734 00:38:02,723 --> 00:38:06,057 they were working on until the bomb itself was detonated. 735 00:38:06,160 --> 00:38:08,927 So Von Braun could've been working 736 00:38:08,996 --> 00:38:11,096 on a secret Mars program, 737 00:38:11,165 --> 00:38:12,764 and with the same level of secrecy 738 00:38:12,866 --> 00:38:14,399 as the Manhattan Project, 739 00:38:14,501 --> 00:38:17,235 it still to this day could be highly classified 740 00:38:17,304 --> 00:38:20,839 and never released to the public at large. 741 00:38:20,941 --> 00:38:24,676 NARRATOR: Werner Von Braun's genius is credited 742 00:38:24,778 --> 00:38:29,548 with being the reason we ever made it to the moon. 743 00:38:29,616 --> 00:38:33,852 Might he also have orchestrated a secret mission to Mars? 744 00:38:33,954 --> 00:38:37,856 And if so, what was its purpose? 745 00:38:40,795 --> 00:38:42,095 NARRATOR: Torrance, California, 746 00:38:42,163 --> 00:38:45,164 2015. 747 00:38:45,233 --> 00:38:49,469 The board members of a private space agency lead by Elon Musk, 748 00:38:49,537 --> 00:38:51,571 Space X, 749 00:38:51,639 --> 00:38:54,741 announce that the explicit aim of the organization 750 00:38:54,809 --> 00:38:59,278 is and always has been to help humanity colonize Mars. 751 00:38:59,347 --> 00:39:01,414 ELON MUSK: I do think it is important 752 00:39:01,516 --> 00:39:04,250 that we as a species, as a civilization, 753 00:39:04,352 --> 00:39:08,121 are on a path to become a true space-far-- 754 00:39:08,223 --> 00:39:11,557 a true space-faring civilization and a multi-planet species. 755 00:39:11,626 --> 00:39:13,192 Elon Musk's position is that humans 756 00:39:13,261 --> 00:39:17,196 cannot survive indefinitely on Earth, 757 00:39:17,265 --> 00:39:19,632 and there are a lot of threats to the continuation 758 00:39:19,701 --> 00:39:21,267 of human life on Earth-- 759 00:39:21,336 --> 00:39:23,936 both from what we're doing to our own planet, 760 00:39:24,038 --> 00:39:26,305 but also from things like asteroids. 761 00:39:26,408 --> 00:39:28,508 We get a single hit from an asteroid that's as big 762 00:39:28,610 --> 00:39:31,911 as the one that took out the dinosaurs. 763 00:39:31,980 --> 00:39:35,415 And that, by the way, is a 100% probability 764 00:39:35,517 --> 00:39:39,252 that that is going to happen, sooner or later. 765 00:39:39,354 --> 00:39:42,655 Going to Mars, it's a survival instinct. 766 00:39:42,757 --> 00:39:45,158 It's something we know, it's somewhere 767 00:39:45,260 --> 00:39:49,028 in the back of our brains that we have to do or we die. 768 00:39:51,232 --> 00:39:55,468 BARA: I think that's the message of the ruins of Mars is that 769 00:39:55,570 --> 00:39:57,703 this can happen to you. 770 00:39:57,806 --> 00:40:00,273 And you should think about, as a species, 771 00:40:00,341 --> 00:40:03,843 ways to ensure that the human race is not wiped out, 772 00:40:03,945 --> 00:40:06,012 because despite our flaws, we're a very 773 00:40:06,114 --> 00:40:09,849 noble, powerful, important part of this universe. 774 00:40:09,951 --> 00:40:12,585 CHILDRESS: It's something that will take us 775 00:40:12,687 --> 00:40:15,688 back to our very beginnings. 776 00:40:15,790 --> 00:40:19,425 And here we'll be really following in the footsteps 777 00:40:19,494 --> 00:40:23,996 of the ancient astronauts, who came to Earth. 778 00:40:24,098 --> 00:40:27,633 And ultimately, we will be like them, 779 00:40:27,735 --> 00:40:30,369 being the extraterrestrials ourselves 780 00:40:30,472 --> 00:40:34,173 and colonizing a foreign planet. 781 00:40:34,242 --> 00:40:37,844 HENRY: When we colonize Mars, 782 00:40:37,912 --> 00:40:39,979 it's a retracing of ancient footsteps. 783 00:40:40,048 --> 00:40:42,682 It will be a reconnection and a remembering 784 00:40:42,784 --> 00:40:45,518 of where we came from. 785 00:40:45,587 --> 00:40:48,654 And it may be that colonizing Mars 786 00:40:48,756 --> 00:40:51,457 will be our ultimate salvation. 787 00:40:54,128 --> 00:40:57,263 TSOUKALOS: Mars is a very, very logical point, 788 00:40:57,365 --> 00:41:02,134 if life on Earth ever should become impossible, 789 00:41:02,237 --> 00:41:06,506 that's our next step where to go if the survival of our species 790 00:41:06,574 --> 00:41:08,708 is at the forefront. 791 00:41:08,776 --> 00:41:11,944 Because maybe that's where we came from. 792 00:41:12,046 --> 00:41:15,348 So maybe we earthlings are the Martians. 793 00:41:15,450 --> 00:41:18,951 Then the question is 794 00:41:19,020 --> 00:41:21,354 has this game been going back and forth 795 00:41:21,456 --> 00:41:24,156 for hundreds of thousands of years? 796 00:41:24,225 --> 00:41:27,293 NARRATOR: Is it possible 797 00:41:27,395 --> 00:41:29,362 that the colonization of Mars 798 00:41:29,464 --> 00:41:33,099 is the key to our continued survival? 799 00:41:33,201 --> 00:41:35,635 And if so, have we stood 800 00:41:35,737 --> 00:41:38,237 on this precipice before? 801 00:41:38,306 --> 00:41:40,773 Could there have been a human presence 802 00:41:40,842 --> 00:41:44,377 on Mars thousands of years ago? 803 00:41:44,445 --> 00:41:46,913 Perhaps we will discover 804 00:41:47,015 --> 00:41:49,549 the truth about our alien ancestors 805 00:41:49,651 --> 00:41:52,318 when we become the extraterrestrials 806 00:41:52,387 --> 00:41:54,554 on Mars. 807 00:41:54,656 --> 00:41:57,490 CAPTIONING PROVIDED BY A+E NETWORKS 808 00:41:57,591 --> 00:41:58,891 sub rip romulus70