1 00:00:10,810 --> 00:00:12,711 [patriotic music] 2 00:00:12,713 --> 00:00:17,616 - Prohibition was passed, and wayne wheeler won the day. 3 00:00:17,618 --> 00:00:20,352 [laughs] 4 00:00:21,688 --> 00:00:23,589 - Dorothy fuldheim spent more time on air 5 00:00:23,591 --> 00:00:28,093 As a broadcast journalist than anyone in history. 6 00:00:28,628 --> 00:00:29,995 - You're all good. 7 00:00:29,997 --> 00:00:32,531 - Muhammad ali was drafted. 8 00:00:32,533 --> 00:00:34,900 This doesn't seem right. 9 00:00:34,902 --> 00:00:36,235 - Yeah. 10 00:00:36,237 --> 00:00:37,336 - [belches] 11 00:00:37,338 --> 00:00:38,537 - You all right? 12 00:00:38,539 --> 00:00:41,740 [patriotic music] 13 00:00:41,742 --> 00:00:48,347 ♪ ♪ 14 00:00:52,052 --> 00:00:54,787 - I love this place, not because of what it is, 15 00:00:54,789 --> 00:00:56,622 But because of what it isn't. 16 00:00:56,624 --> 00:00:58,590 There's no traffic. 17 00:00:58,592 --> 00:01:00,092 It costs nothing to live here. 18 00:01:00,094 --> 00:01:03,262 And it's just snowy enough to keep the assholes out. 19 00:01:03,264 --> 00:01:08,267 - There's just like a camaraderie that you can't-- 20 00:01:08,269 --> 00:01:09,201 It's undeniable here. 21 00:01:09,203 --> 00:01:11,837 - But we're, like, building up to a better community. 22 00:01:11,839 --> 00:01:14,239 - That's what cleveland's all about. 23 00:01:14,241 --> 00:01:14,907 The future. 24 00:01:14,909 --> 00:01:17,142 Because our present really isn't that great. 25 00:01:17,144 --> 00:01:18,610 - Well, no-- but it's better. 26 00:01:18,612 --> 00:01:22,381 It's actually--shut up. It's still better. 27 00:01:23,416 --> 00:01:24,316 - I'm john levenstein, 28 00:01:24,318 --> 00:01:27,686 And today we're going to be talking about wayne wheeler, 29 00:01:27,688 --> 00:01:31,590 The man responsible for prohibition. 30 00:01:31,592 --> 00:01:32,524 Cheers. 31 00:01:32,526 --> 00:01:34,026 - Cheers, john. 32 00:01:34,028 --> 00:01:36,295 - Wayne wheeler would have hated that. 33 00:01:36,297 --> 00:01:40,732 Wayne wheeler's family had a farmhand who was drunk, 34 00:01:40,734 --> 00:01:44,703 Who was swinging a pitchfork-- a hayfork--wildly. 35 00:01:44,705 --> 00:01:49,608 He said, mom, that farmhand's acting sloppy. 36 00:01:49,610 --> 00:01:53,345 The farmhand stabs wayne wheeler in the leg. 37 00:01:53,347 --> 00:01:55,547 Wayne wheeler said ouch. 38 00:01:55,549 --> 00:01:56,482 Hey. - Yeah. 39 00:01:56,484 --> 00:01:57,449 - What are you doing? 40 00:01:57,451 --> 00:01:59,184 You just stabbed me in the leg. 41 00:01:59,186 --> 00:02:01,120 What, are you drunk, you farmhand? 42 00:02:01,122 --> 00:02:04,323 Wayne wheeler decided, alcohol's bad. 43 00:02:04,325 --> 00:02:06,525 I'm going to spend the rest of my life 44 00:02:06,527 --> 00:02:08,627 Fighting against alcohol. 45 00:02:08,629 --> 00:02:11,497 And that's the fornd-- the formative event 46 00:02:11,499 --> 00:02:15,367 Of wayne wheeler's life, with--of, okay. 47 00:02:15,369 --> 00:02:18,103 The-- [laughs] 48 00:02:18,105 --> 00:02:19,171 Okay. 49 00:02:19,173 --> 00:02:20,906 The-- [laughs] 50 00:02:20,908 --> 00:02:25,544 The formative event of wayne wheeler's life. 51 00:02:25,546 --> 00:02:30,749 Wayne wheeler, in 1893, graduated from college. 52 00:02:30,751 --> 00:02:34,019 He goes to see howard hyde russell, 53 00:02:34,021 --> 00:02:36,755 From the anti-saloon league, speak. 54 00:02:36,757 --> 00:02:37,723 I'm against alcohol. 55 00:02:37,725 --> 00:02:41,827 I'm against the way alcohol affects the american family. 56 00:02:41,829 --> 00:02:43,829 Men should not drink at the saloon, 57 00:02:43,831 --> 00:02:46,665 Waste away their family's money, 58 00:02:46,667 --> 00:02:49,635 Come home, hit their wives, hit their children. 59 00:02:49,637 --> 00:02:51,069 That shouldn't happen. 60 00:02:51,071 --> 00:02:52,938 After the speech he said, 61 00:02:52,940 --> 00:02:54,973 I'm going to join your movement, 62 00:02:54,975 --> 00:02:58,110 And I'll devote my life to making people not drink. 63 00:02:58,112 --> 00:03:02,147 Now, wayne wheeler, with the anti-saloon league, 64 00:03:02,149 --> 00:03:03,015 Was a dynamo. 65 00:03:03,017 --> 00:03:04,883 He was just biking everywhere. 66 00:03:04,885 --> 00:03:07,719 He was biking from town to town, 67 00:03:07,721 --> 00:03:08,921 Going door-to-door, 68 00:03:08,923 --> 00:03:12,558 Getting people to vote against candidates 69 00:03:12,560 --> 00:03:13,492 Who opposed prohibition. 70 00:03:13,494 --> 00:03:16,328 And wayne wheeler would say, people shouldn't drink. 71 00:03:16,330 --> 00:03:20,098 I was stabbed by a fith-- a pitchfork when I was a child. 72 00:03:20,100 --> 00:03:21,033 And then they would say, 73 00:03:21,035 --> 00:03:26,505 Oh, people can be stabbed by pitchforks as children? 74 00:03:26,507 --> 00:03:31,877 And wayne wheeler would say, yes. 75 00:03:31,879 --> 00:03:35,214 [laughs] 76 00:03:35,216 --> 00:03:36,014 - Why did you laugh? 77 00:03:36,016 --> 00:03:38,116 - Because I was seeing two of you. 78 00:03:38,118 --> 00:03:39,418 - That's okay. 79 00:03:39,420 --> 00:03:40,419 [laughs] 80 00:03:40,421 --> 00:03:41,153 I-- [laughs] 81 00:03:41,155 --> 00:03:44,289 Wayne wheeler was going to churches to raise money. 82 00:03:44,291 --> 00:03:47,359 He was going to arrange demonstrations, 83 00:03:47,361 --> 00:03:48,493 And he was always on his bike. 84 00:03:48,495 --> 00:03:50,862 He was always pedaling furiously. 85 00:03:50,864 --> 00:03:54,633 Wayne wheeler invented pressure politics. 86 00:03:54,635 --> 00:03:55,534 Wayne wheeler would say, 87 00:03:55,536 --> 00:04:01,006 This person is not strongly enough in favor of temperance. 88 00:04:01,008 --> 00:04:03,475 Then that person would go down. 89 00:04:03,477 --> 00:04:05,577 Every time--70 for 70. 90 00:04:05,579 --> 00:04:08,046 So wayne wheeler comes to washington, dc 91 00:04:08,048 --> 00:04:12,184 And starts fighting for a constitutional amendment 92 00:04:12,186 --> 00:04:13,118 Against alcohol. 93 00:04:13,120 --> 00:04:15,687 Everyone is afraid of wayne wheeler. 94 00:04:15,689 --> 00:04:18,957 Wayne wheeler is the most successful lobbyist 95 00:04:18,959 --> 00:04:21,059 In the United States. 96 00:04:22,295 --> 00:04:24,129 There was another thing that happened 97 00:04:24,131 --> 00:04:26,064 That I'm forgetting right now 98 00:04:26,066 --> 00:04:27,566 That I'll get back to. 99 00:04:27,568 --> 00:04:28,600 That I'll get back to, derek. 100 00:04:28,602 --> 00:04:31,903 But, in the meantime, prohibition was passed, 101 00:04:31,905 --> 00:04:34,273 And wayne wheeler won the day. 102 00:04:34,275 --> 00:04:36,275 Wayne wheeler was such a zealot, 103 00:04:36,277 --> 00:04:37,943 Because once prohibition happened-- 104 00:04:37,945 --> 00:04:40,479 That wasn't enough for wayne wheeler. 105 00:04:40,481 --> 00:04:43,248 He goes to see the head of the kkk. 106 00:04:43,250 --> 00:04:47,252 I'm a national figure. I can't do my own bidding, 107 00:04:47,254 --> 00:04:50,689 But you, ku klux klan, can. 108 00:04:50,691 --> 00:04:51,690 So the ku klux klan did it. 109 00:04:51,692 --> 00:04:54,293 They were wayne wheeler's private security force. 110 00:04:54,295 --> 00:04:56,328 And they would go into bars 111 00:04:56,330 --> 00:04:58,697 And just tear the [bleep]ing place apart. 112 00:04:58,699 --> 00:05:01,366 The ku klux klan was a violent organization. 113 00:05:01,368 --> 00:05:03,502 They were tarring and feathering 114 00:05:03,504 --> 00:05:05,937 People who were bootleggers. 115 00:05:05,939 --> 00:05:09,141 [laughs] 116 00:05:09,143 --> 00:05:11,877 Wha-- [laughs] 117 00:05:11,879 --> 00:05:13,445 [laughter] 118 00:05:13,447 --> 00:05:14,413 Wha-- [laughs] 119 00:05:14,415 --> 00:05:15,947 Wayne wheeler-- [laughs] 120 00:05:15,949 --> 00:05:18,383 - Great name. - Wayne wheeler. 121 00:05:18,385 --> 00:05:20,619 Wayne wheeler is so crazy 122 00:05:20,621 --> 00:05:23,288 Because there was still industrial alcohol 123 00:05:23,290 --> 00:05:26,425 That was used to clean engine parts, 124 00:05:26,427 --> 00:05:27,459 To make nail polish. 125 00:05:27,461 --> 00:05:30,529 Wayne wheeler said, we need to find a way 126 00:05:30,531 --> 00:05:34,533 To make that legal alcohol poisonous. 127 00:05:34,535 --> 00:05:37,903 We're going to add methanol to ethanol, 128 00:05:37,905 --> 00:05:40,105 Call it formula number 30, 129 00:05:40,107 --> 00:05:42,574 And then anyone who drinks ethanol-- 130 00:05:42,576 --> 00:05:46,745 Not to clean engines, but to get drunk-- 131 00:05:46,747 --> 00:05:47,379 Will die. 132 00:05:47,381 --> 00:05:49,948 And that's when the [bleep] hit the fan. 133 00:05:49,950 --> 00:05:53,185 People who were drinking ethanol mixed with methanol 134 00:05:53,187 --> 00:05:55,554 Didn't know that that's what they were doing. 135 00:05:55,556 --> 00:05:58,223 It made thousands of people sick 136 00:05:58,225 --> 00:05:59,324 And hundreds of people die. 137 00:05:59,326 --> 00:06:01,626 And wayne wheeler was saying, well, it's your own fault. 138 00:06:01,628 --> 00:06:05,230 You know about prohibition. You know alcohol's illegal. 139 00:06:05,232 --> 00:06:06,531 You're dead now. 140 00:06:06,533 --> 00:06:08,066 And people started thinking, 141 00:06:08,068 --> 00:06:11,336 Why would my own government do this to me? 142 00:06:11,338 --> 00:06:13,372 Wayne wheeler, who had been pretty much 143 00:06:13,374 --> 00:06:17,209 Running the government as a lobbyist, was discredited. 144 00:06:17,211 --> 00:06:20,011 And that's when he went to michigan. 145 00:06:20,013 --> 00:06:22,981 And then died a few weeks later. 146 00:06:22,983 --> 00:06:26,918 Just because wayne wheeler was stabbed in the leg 147 00:06:26,920 --> 00:06:31,289 By a pitchfork by a drunken farmhand as a child, 148 00:06:31,291 --> 00:06:33,024 He had to spend the rest of his life 149 00:06:33,026 --> 00:06:37,396 Making sure no one else had fun, no matter what. 150 00:06:37,398 --> 00:06:39,097 [laughs] 151 00:06:39,099 --> 00:06:40,399 I mean-- [laughs] 152 00:06:40,401 --> 00:06:42,134 Oh, god. I just spilled. 153 00:06:42,136 --> 00:06:43,835 - Oh, you got it. 154 00:06:44,537 --> 00:06:47,372 I love that you're collecting the ice. 155 00:06:47,374 --> 00:06:51,109 - All right. This is as drunk as I get. 156 00:06:51,111 --> 00:06:53,478 [laughter] 157 00:06:56,416 --> 00:06:58,784 [upbeat rock music] 158 00:06:58,786 --> 00:07:01,820 - My son was conceived in this building. 159 00:07:01,822 --> 00:07:04,556 In 1998, at a punk rock show. 160 00:07:04,558 --> 00:07:05,490 - Conceive it! 161 00:07:05,492 --> 00:07:06,491 - In the women's bathroom. 162 00:07:06,493 --> 00:07:08,193 How's that for some drunk history? 163 00:07:08,195 --> 00:07:09,528 - That's good. 164 00:07:09,530 --> 00:07:11,596 What's the worst thing a girl's ever said 165 00:07:11,598 --> 00:07:12,798 When you were an adolescent? 166 00:07:12,800 --> 00:07:16,635 - "I think you might be better off if you got a nose job." 167 00:07:16,637 --> 00:07:19,838 [laughter] 168 00:07:19,840 --> 00:07:20,806 - That's real? 169 00:07:20,808 --> 00:07:22,407 - Which I did do. - Shut up. 170 00:07:22,409 --> 00:07:23,308 - Yeah, when I was 14. 171 00:07:23,310 --> 00:07:24,576 - Are you being serious? - Yeah. 172 00:07:24,578 --> 00:07:27,813 Google "david wain nose job." 173 00:07:27,815 --> 00:07:28,680 [laughs] 174 00:07:28,682 --> 00:07:29,714 Hi, I'm david wain. 175 00:07:29,716 --> 00:07:31,616 Today we're going to talk about dorothy fuldheim, 176 00:07:31,618 --> 00:07:36,855 Who set the record for being on tv for 37 years straight. 177 00:07:36,857 --> 00:07:40,892 The first woman to anchor a newscast on tv. 178 00:07:40,894 --> 00:07:45,297 She was a [bleep]ing dynamo. 179 00:07:45,299 --> 00:07:50,702 In 1918 dorothy fuldheim is traveling around the country, 180 00:07:50,704 --> 00:07:51,703 And she's giving speeches. 181 00:07:51,705 --> 00:07:54,406 She's like, hey, I'm dorothy fuldheim. 182 00:07:54,408 --> 00:07:55,240 And I'm redheaded. 183 00:07:55,242 --> 00:07:56,575 I'm a jew. I'm short. 184 00:07:56,577 --> 00:07:57,509 I got a different point of view. 185 00:07:57,511 --> 00:07:59,044 Some of the guys, though, in the audience, 186 00:07:59,046 --> 00:08:00,479 They're like, thanks, but no thanks. 187 00:08:00,481 --> 00:08:02,280 You know, so you've heard the classic thing, 188 00:08:02,282 --> 00:08:03,715 "thanks, but no thanks"? 189 00:08:03,717 --> 00:08:04,382 - Mm-hmm. 190 00:08:04,384 --> 00:08:07,118 - It's like--it's a way of saying no thanks. 191 00:08:07,120 --> 00:08:09,621 But they add this little thanks thing 192 00:08:09,623 --> 00:08:11,089 To make it sound more palatable. 193 00:08:11,091 --> 00:08:12,591 But it really means no thanks. 194 00:08:12,593 --> 00:08:14,659 You know what? This is what I think. 195 00:08:14,661 --> 00:08:15,560 This is what's going on. 196 00:08:15,562 --> 00:08:17,762 I don't care what people think about how I look. 197 00:08:17,764 --> 00:08:20,232 I don't care what people think about what I say. 198 00:08:20,234 --> 00:08:23,869 And in 1932 she travels to germany. 199 00:08:23,871 --> 00:08:26,605 She's like, I want to meet adolf hitler. 200 00:08:26,607 --> 00:08:28,306 She goes to... 201 00:08:29,342 --> 00:08:32,511 The...Hitler...Office building, or whatever. 202 00:08:32,513 --> 00:08:33,712 The--I don't know. 203 00:08:33,714 --> 00:08:34,846 - Hitler hall? 204 00:08:34,848 --> 00:08:38,250 - Hitler--germany--german--ss-- 205 00:08:38,252 --> 00:08:39,284 Place where hitler worked. 206 00:08:39,286 --> 00:08:42,654 She sees him coming out of a building. 207 00:08:42,656 --> 00:08:46,191 She starts yelling these questions in german. 208 00:08:46,193 --> 00:08:50,729 I can't speak german, but it would sound sort of like this. 209 00:08:50,731 --> 00:08:53,932 [guttural sounds] 210 00:08:53,934 --> 00:08:54,799 "hogan's heroes." 211 00:08:54,801 --> 00:08:57,702 - [laughs] - and so, anyway, hitler said, 212 00:08:57,704 --> 00:08:59,604 You're some random jewish-- 213 00:08:59,606 --> 00:09:01,239 But I don't know that you're jewish-- 214 00:09:01,241 --> 00:09:03,141 Journalist from cleveland, ohio. 215 00:09:03,143 --> 00:09:04,943 And I'm giving you an interview 216 00:09:04,945 --> 00:09:06,845 That I would never give to other people. 217 00:09:06,847 --> 00:09:08,146 And I'm giving you answers to things 218 00:09:08,148 --> 00:09:11,850 About what's going on in this upcoming next war. 219 00:09:11,852 --> 00:09:13,285 Which, by the way, is probably only-- 220 00:09:13,287 --> 00:09:15,086 Is happening, like, seven years from now, 221 00:09:15,088 --> 00:09:16,288 But we don't know that yet. 222 00:09:16,290 --> 00:09:18,023 She came back to the United States 223 00:09:18,025 --> 00:09:19,157 And she says to everyone, 224 00:09:19,159 --> 00:09:20,759 Hey, these guys are bad. 225 00:09:20,761 --> 00:09:22,193 These guys are evil. 226 00:09:22,195 --> 00:09:24,496 And they have bad ideas. 227 00:09:24,498 --> 00:09:26,698 Adolf hitler, by the way, 228 00:09:26,700 --> 00:09:30,635 For those who are, like, you know "history buffs," 229 00:09:30,637 --> 00:09:34,906 Was one of the big world war ii bad guys. 230 00:09:35,741 --> 00:09:38,677 [slurps softly] 231 00:09:38,679 --> 00:09:39,511 I should never drink. 232 00:09:39,513 --> 00:09:42,147 I didn't--I don't--I don't... 233 00:09:42,149 --> 00:09:44,549 I don't, um... 234 00:09:44,551 --> 00:09:46,885 I'm not good with alcohol. 235 00:09:46,887 --> 00:09:51,623 So, what happened was, when wews channel 5 opened 236 00:09:51,625 --> 00:09:53,625 She was there with the head of the station. 237 00:09:53,627 --> 00:09:55,627 He's like, wait a minute, hold on, hold on, hold on. 238 00:09:55,629 --> 00:09:57,963 They were like, no, no, no. What are you talking-- 239 00:09:57,965 --> 00:09:59,464 A woman doing a newscast? 240 00:09:59,466 --> 00:10:00,599 That's like, it's like, 241 00:10:00,601 --> 00:10:04,736 Oh, we should have a dog give the news. 242 00:10:04,738 --> 00:10:05,904 - That would be funny. 243 00:10:05,906 --> 00:10:08,573 - I mean, first-- personally, I would love that. 244 00:10:08,575 --> 00:10:13,478 I mean, if he was like-- - [growling] 245 00:10:13,480 --> 00:10:17,349 - Ebola. - Ebola, isis, lebron. 246 00:10:17,351 --> 00:10:18,516 In cleveland. 247 00:10:18,518 --> 00:10:19,551 - Right, right. 248 00:10:19,553 --> 00:10:20,719 - But she was like, 249 00:10:20,721 --> 00:10:23,221 I don't care what you guys think. 250 00:10:23,223 --> 00:10:24,222 I'm gonna do it. 251 00:10:24,224 --> 00:10:25,323 And so he says, okay. 252 00:10:25,325 --> 00:10:27,192 I'll--13 weeks is all I'm going to say, 253 00:10:27,194 --> 00:10:30,595 Because then we're-- I'm not committing any more. 254 00:10:30,597 --> 00:10:32,864 And starting way back in 1947 255 00:10:32,866 --> 00:10:36,835 The first newscast anywhere between new york and chicago-- 256 00:10:36,837 --> 00:10:38,536 In cleveland, ohio-- 257 00:10:38,538 --> 00:10:41,339 They put on dorothy fuldheim as the anchor. 258 00:10:41,341 --> 00:10:43,875 She goes on the air, she says, hey, I'm dorothy fuldheim. 259 00:10:43,877 --> 00:10:47,345 This is the evening news on channel 5 in cleveland. 260 00:10:47,347 --> 00:10:48,780 People loved it. 261 00:10:48,782 --> 00:10:53,084 They were like, she's making me feel happy. 262 00:10:53,086 --> 00:10:56,321 She's making-- she's give--communicating to me 263 00:10:56,323 --> 00:10:57,856 In a way that other people don't. 264 00:10:57,858 --> 00:10:59,391 She interviewed everyone in the world. 265 00:10:59,393 --> 00:11:01,192 She interviewed richard nixon, 266 00:11:01,194 --> 00:11:02,394 Albert einstein, 267 00:11:02,396 --> 00:11:03,895 One of the greatest popes, 268 00:11:03,897 --> 00:11:05,330 Wilt chamberlain, 269 00:11:05,332 --> 00:11:06,331 Martin luther king, 270 00:11:06,333 --> 00:11:07,465 The duke of windsor, 271 00:11:07,467 --> 00:11:08,533 Prince charles, 272 00:11:08,535 --> 00:11:10,135 Lady diana spencer, 273 00:11:10,137 --> 00:11:11,603 All the kennedys. 274 00:11:11,605 --> 00:11:13,705 Channel 5 news 275 00:11:13,707 --> 00:11:17,475 Is the best tv 5 eyewitness news-- 276 00:11:17,477 --> 00:11:23,281 News channel 5 is the best station in cleveland. 277 00:11:23,283 --> 00:11:24,082 [laughs] 278 00:11:24,084 --> 00:11:25,884 So one day, at kent state, 279 00:11:25,886 --> 00:11:27,686 They were protesting the vietnam war. 280 00:11:27,688 --> 00:11:29,954 And they just start shooting into the crowd, 281 00:11:29,956 --> 00:11:31,022 And four students were killed. 282 00:11:31,024 --> 00:11:33,458 Dorothy fuldheim, she said, this is murder. 283 00:11:33,460 --> 00:11:36,761 You know, why are we killing our own children? 284 00:11:36,763 --> 00:11:40,098 The viewers all wrote in to her like, fire her. 285 00:11:40,100 --> 00:11:42,200 Get rid of her, because why should-- 286 00:11:42,202 --> 00:11:43,401 She shouldn't have said that. 287 00:11:43,403 --> 00:11:47,238 And she, even herself, buckled in and said, 288 00:11:47,240 --> 00:11:48,306 Okay, maybe I should resign. 289 00:11:48,308 --> 00:11:50,508 It was really kind of hardcore if you think about it. 290 00:11:50,510 --> 00:11:51,910 And the head of the station was like, 291 00:11:51,912 --> 00:11:55,680 No, dorothy, you're way, way more important 292 00:11:55,682 --> 00:11:56,514 Than this one incident. 293 00:11:56,516 --> 00:11:58,883 And you're probably right anyway. 294 00:11:58,885 --> 00:12:02,120 And so, no we don't accept your resignation. 295 00:12:02,122 --> 00:12:03,021 You're going to stay. 296 00:12:03,023 --> 00:12:06,758 And not only did she stay, she stayed for 37 years. 297 00:12:06,760 --> 00:12:09,928 She was, like, the voice of the news. 298 00:12:09,930 --> 00:12:13,832 And of the conscience of a city. 299 00:12:13,834 --> 00:12:16,401 Barbara walters came out, when she died, and was like, 300 00:12:16,403 --> 00:12:20,038 I would not be doing what I'm doing-- 301 00:12:20,040 --> 00:12:22,107 None of us would be doing what we're doing 302 00:12:22,109 --> 00:12:23,908 If it wasn't for dorothy fuldheim. 303 00:12:23,910 --> 00:12:26,311 Do I--no, shut up. Shut up. 304 00:12:26,313 --> 00:12:28,413 Dorothy fuldheim spent more time 305 00:12:28,415 --> 00:12:31,349 On air as a newscaster 306 00:12:31,351 --> 00:12:33,518 Than any other woman or man 307 00:12:33,520 --> 00:12:37,789 In broadcast news journalist history. 308 00:12:37,791 --> 00:12:38,990 That's insane. 309 00:12:38,992 --> 00:12:40,592 That's something I'm proud of. 310 00:12:40,594 --> 00:12:44,395 She's the pride of cleveland, pride of the north coast. 311 00:12:44,397 --> 00:12:47,732 To dorothy fuldheim. 312 00:12:48,634 --> 00:12:49,901 [snoring] 313 00:12:49,903 --> 00:12:53,138 - Now I'm going to go to sleep. - Okay. 314 00:12:57,576 --> 00:12:59,110 [upbeat rock music] 315 00:12:59,112 --> 00:13:02,147 - Why does cleveland love bowling so much? 316 00:13:02,149 --> 00:13:03,848 - It's just been here all our life. 317 00:13:03,850 --> 00:13:04,415 - Yeah. 318 00:13:04,417 --> 00:13:06,117 - And it's like, once it gets cold in the winter, 319 00:13:06,119 --> 00:13:07,619 What else are you going to do? 320 00:13:07,621 --> 00:13:09,120 - I just love that sound. 321 00:13:09,122 --> 00:13:10,121 Can you hear a strike? 322 00:13:10,123 --> 00:13:12,257 - I can hear a good strap, yeah. 323 00:13:12,259 --> 00:13:13,057 - Yeah. 324 00:13:13,059 --> 00:13:13,958 I still can't believe 325 00:13:13,960 --> 00:13:18,029 I've never known to use my middle fingers. 326 00:13:19,331 --> 00:13:21,866 [groans] 327 00:13:21,868 --> 00:13:23,401 Nothing. 328 00:13:23,403 --> 00:13:25,570 I can't look when it's a gutter. 329 00:13:25,572 --> 00:13:27,338 It's just too sad. 330 00:13:27,340 --> 00:13:29,908 To dickey's! 331 00:13:29,910 --> 00:13:31,142 Did you have a nickname? 332 00:13:31,144 --> 00:13:33,745 - My dad would call me "squirrel bait." 333 00:13:33,747 --> 00:13:35,747 - Squirrel bait? - Yeah. 334 00:13:35,749 --> 00:13:36,414 - What is that? 335 00:13:36,416 --> 00:13:39,217 - I guess squirrel bait would be like a nut, like, crazy. 336 00:13:39,219 --> 00:13:40,385 - You're a nut. 337 00:13:40,387 --> 00:13:42,253 There's nothing wrong with being a nut. 338 00:13:42,255 --> 00:13:45,390 - But, like, yeah, my other sisters were, like, 339 00:13:45,392 --> 00:13:47,258 Princess and cutie, and-- 340 00:13:47,260 --> 00:13:48,326 - [laughs] 341 00:13:48,328 --> 00:13:50,461 - Hi. 342 00:13:50,463 --> 00:13:53,865 Hi. 343 00:13:53,867 --> 00:13:54,899 Hi, I'm ashley barnhill, 344 00:13:54,901 --> 00:13:58,169 And today we're going to discuss the cleveland summit. 345 00:13:58,171 --> 00:13:59,537 - Cheers. 346 00:13:59,539 --> 00:14:02,907 - So in 1964 you know, at the age of 22, 347 00:14:02,909 --> 00:14:06,945 Cassius clay-- he is fighting sonny liston. 348 00:14:06,947 --> 00:14:09,180 Clay is a 7-1 underdog. 349 00:14:09,182 --> 00:14:10,081 He's not going to win. 350 00:14:10,083 --> 00:14:12,250 And he goes, you're an ugly bear. 351 00:14:12,252 --> 00:14:13,818 You smell like a bear. 352 00:14:13,820 --> 00:14:15,653 You're an ugly bear. 353 00:14:15,655 --> 00:14:17,856 You smell like a ugly bear. 354 00:14:17,858 --> 00:14:20,124 When I'm done with you, when I beat you, 355 00:14:20,126 --> 00:14:23,194 I'm gonna donate you to the zoo. 356 00:14:24,496 --> 00:14:26,998 Bam, bam, bam. He wins. 357 00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:30,602 Yeah, he becomes the world heavyweight champion. 358 00:14:30,604 --> 00:14:35,106 Right after he wins the championship he announced, 359 00:14:35,108 --> 00:14:36,541 My name is muhammad ali. 360 00:14:36,543 --> 00:14:40,311 I'm a black islam-- I'm a black muslim. 361 00:14:40,313 --> 00:14:43,014 I am the people's champion. 362 00:14:44,884 --> 00:14:46,918 The war is going on. 363 00:14:46,920 --> 00:14:49,587 Muhammad ali was drafted. 364 00:14:49,589 --> 00:14:53,491 He was like, you know, my religion doesn't-- 365 00:14:53,493 --> 00:14:56,661 I'm not allowed to fight in wars. 366 00:14:56,663 --> 00:14:58,897 This doesn't seem right? 367 00:14:58,899 --> 00:15:00,231 - Yeah. 368 00:15:00,233 --> 00:15:01,432 [belches] 369 00:15:01,434 --> 00:15:02,533 - You all right? 370 00:15:02,535 --> 00:15:03,434 - Yeah, no, I'm okay. 371 00:15:03,436 --> 00:15:05,169 Should I start over from the beginning? 372 00:15:05,171 --> 00:15:06,804 - Yeah, can you start again? 373 00:15:06,806 --> 00:15:07,438 - [laughs] 374 00:15:07,440 --> 00:15:11,075 Um, we're going to be talking about the cleveland summit. 375 00:15:11,077 --> 00:15:12,043 [laughter] 376 00:15:12,045 --> 00:15:18,049 So muhammad ali is drafted and and he says, 377 00:15:18,051 --> 00:15:20,218 Now I'm a conscientious objector. 378 00:15:20,220 --> 00:15:23,988 My religion doesn't let me fight in a war. 379 00:15:23,990 --> 00:15:25,890 And then he also added, 380 00:15:25,892 --> 00:15:29,661 I have no quorum with viet cong. 381 00:15:29,663 --> 00:15:34,032 Like, no viet cong has ever called me the n-world--n word. 382 00:15:34,034 --> 00:15:37,535 No viet cong has ever sicced dogs on me. 383 00:15:37,537 --> 00:15:39,003 The draft board said was-- 384 00:15:39,005 --> 00:15:41,205 The draft board says-- [laughs] 385 00:15:41,207 --> 00:15:43,474 Too bad. Sorry, we don't accept that. 386 00:15:43,476 --> 00:15:46,377 You have to go to the induction ceremony. 387 00:15:46,379 --> 00:15:47,812 [cracks neck] 388 00:15:47,814 --> 00:15:49,080 - Geez. 389 00:15:49,082 --> 00:15:51,849 How the [bleep] did you do that? 390 00:15:51,851 --> 00:15:54,185 That was, like, four cracks. 391 00:15:54,187 --> 00:15:54,852 - [laughs] 392 00:15:54,854 --> 00:15:56,054 So he goes to the induduction, 393 00:15:56,056 --> 00:15:59,424 And the officer's like, we're gonna say your name, 394 00:15:59,426 --> 00:16:01,326 And then you have to step forward. 395 00:16:01,328 --> 00:16:03,962 Okay, cassius clay. 396 00:16:03,964 --> 00:16:07,065 My name is muhammad ali. 397 00:16:07,067 --> 00:16:09,200 He doesn't step forward. 398 00:16:09,202 --> 00:16:10,301 Cassius clay. 399 00:16:10,303 --> 00:16:11,669 And he doesn't step forward. 400 00:16:11,671 --> 00:16:12,704 And the officer is like, 401 00:16:12,706 --> 00:16:14,973 Do you understand what you are doing? 402 00:16:14,975 --> 00:16:16,741 Basically, if you don't step forward 403 00:16:16,743 --> 00:16:18,376 You're committing a felony. 404 00:16:18,378 --> 00:16:21,579 You can serve five years in prison. 405 00:16:21,581 --> 00:16:23,414 Thank you. I know what I'm doing. 406 00:16:23,416 --> 00:16:26,384 Cassius clay. He doesn't step forward. 407 00:16:26,386 --> 00:16:28,186 That day he's stripped of his medals, 408 00:16:28,188 --> 00:16:32,090 His boxing title--his boxing license, and his title. 409 00:16:32,092 --> 00:16:36,294 Okay, people in america were like, ugh, this is bull[bleep], 410 00:16:36,296 --> 00:16:38,463 Like, this guy's just trying to getting-- 411 00:16:38,465 --> 00:16:42,000 This guy's just trying to get out of going to the war. 412 00:16:42,002 --> 00:16:47,105 Muhammad ali's manager calls football legend jim brown. 413 00:16:47,107 --> 00:16:49,774 And he's like, can you talk to him? 414 00:16:49,776 --> 00:16:53,177 Can you convince him to go to the army? 415 00:16:53,179 --> 00:16:55,880 And can you not tell him I told you this? 416 00:16:55,882 --> 00:16:57,815 Or anyone I told you this. 417 00:16:57,817 --> 00:17:00,351 Can you keep your mouth shut? 418 00:17:00,353 --> 00:17:02,320 Can you keep your [bleep]ing mouth shut? 419 00:17:02,322 --> 00:17:06,524 Don't [bleep]ing tell anyone I ever told you this. 420 00:17:06,526 --> 00:17:08,693 Uh, bye! 421 00:17:08,695 --> 00:17:11,596 Jim brown is very shocked, and he goes, 422 00:17:11,598 --> 00:17:13,297 This is shocking. 423 00:17:13,299 --> 00:17:14,098 This is a shocker. 424 00:17:14,100 --> 00:17:16,401 Jim brown calls john wooten and he goes, 425 00:17:16,403 --> 00:17:19,904 Can you gather ten of the most prominent, 426 00:17:19,906 --> 00:17:23,775 Top black athletes and meet me in cleveland? 427 00:17:23,777 --> 00:17:25,410 Yeah, on it. 428 00:17:25,412 --> 00:17:28,846 Everyone's just like, yeah, see you there. 429 00:17:28,848 --> 00:17:29,981 Got it. 430 00:17:29,983 --> 00:17:30,748 Be there. 431 00:17:30,750 --> 00:17:31,949 We're talking to ali? 432 00:17:31,951 --> 00:17:33,918 He's my hero. Okay. 433 00:17:33,920 --> 00:17:35,219 So, basically, they're all like, 434 00:17:35,221 --> 00:17:39,424 We have all served, you know, we've been part of rotc. 435 00:17:39,426 --> 00:17:41,592 We've been lieutenants of this and that. 436 00:17:41,594 --> 00:17:47,832 We've been in this and that military-affiliated-- 437 00:17:47,834 --> 00:17:51,536 We're served. We've served. 438 00:17:51,538 --> 00:17:53,204 What's going on, you know? 439 00:17:53,206 --> 00:17:55,940 He talked for two hours straight. 440 00:17:55,942 --> 00:17:57,775 And just kind of talked about 441 00:17:57,777 --> 00:18:00,344 His religious convictions and beliefs. 442 00:18:00,346 --> 00:18:04,549 I stand by my religion; black muslim religion. 443 00:18:04,551 --> 00:18:07,085 The nation of islam, which is basically-- 444 00:18:07,087 --> 00:18:10,188 I will not contribute to any war. 445 00:18:10,190 --> 00:18:11,189 - That's a good point. 446 00:18:11,191 --> 00:18:13,157 - [laughs] that is a good point. 447 00:18:13,159 --> 00:18:14,959 They face the media. 448 00:18:14,961 --> 00:18:15,693 Hi, media. 449 00:18:15,695 --> 00:18:18,196 Yeah, we thought this guy was full of [bleep]. 450 00:18:18,198 --> 00:18:22,533 And this guy--have you met ali? 451 00:18:22,535 --> 00:18:25,169 This guy--we support ali. 452 00:18:25,171 --> 00:18:29,440 We believe in him, and he's sincere and we believe in-- 453 00:18:29,442 --> 00:18:33,511 We validate his religious conviction. 454 00:18:33,513 --> 00:18:34,312 Ali was on trial. 455 00:18:34,314 --> 00:18:37,115 It was presented in front of an all-white jury. 456 00:18:37,117 --> 00:18:42,587 And within 21 minutes they found him guilty. 457 00:18:42,589 --> 00:18:46,023 And he's sentenced to five years. 458 00:18:46,025 --> 00:18:48,559 So he appealed and he appealed. 459 00:18:48,561 --> 00:18:51,295 And basically gets to the supreme court. 460 00:18:51,297 --> 00:18:52,997 So the supreme court is planning on 461 00:18:52,999 --> 00:18:55,500 Ruling 5-3 against ali, 462 00:18:55,502 --> 00:18:58,035 But then justice john harlan reads a book 463 00:18:58,037 --> 00:19:01,205 Based on black muslim religious doctrine 464 00:19:01,207 --> 00:19:04,408 And he goes to all the other justices and is like, 465 00:19:04,410 --> 00:19:07,411 We screwed up. This is me convincing you. 466 00:19:07,413 --> 00:19:09,981 I am convincing you. We screwed up. 467 00:19:09,983 --> 00:19:11,349 You screwed up. I screwed up. 468 00:19:11,351 --> 00:19:13,217 We have to change our opinion. 469 00:19:13,219 --> 00:19:14,252 Okay, you're right. 470 00:19:14,254 --> 00:19:18,122 And so they anonysmally vote. 471 00:19:18,124 --> 00:19:19,190 Anonys-- 472 00:19:19,192 --> 00:19:20,391 Anonysmally? 473 00:19:20,393 --> 00:19:22,593 I have a hard word sober, by the way guys. 474 00:19:22,595 --> 00:19:23,628 - Anonymous? 475 00:19:23,630 --> 00:19:25,196 - Anonysmally. 476 00:19:25,198 --> 00:19:26,631 No, that's not the word. 477 00:19:26,633 --> 00:19:29,834 They anonysmally, um-- 478 00:19:29,836 --> 00:19:33,204 [laughter] 479 00:19:34,406 --> 00:19:36,107 Anonysmally. 480 00:19:36,109 --> 00:19:37,408 - Perfect. 481 00:19:37,410 --> 00:19:38,910 - [laughs] 482 00:19:41,580 --> 00:19:43,114 - Where did I leave off? 483 00:19:43,116 --> 00:19:45,816 - Don't crack your neck anymore. 484 00:19:45,818 --> 00:19:46,651 - It's not there. 485 00:19:46,653 --> 00:19:47,818 - I heard it four times. - I know. 486 00:19:47,820 --> 00:19:50,188 - You can't do it anymore. 487 00:19:50,190 --> 00:19:51,088 - Okay. 488 00:19:51,090 --> 00:19:55,226 So, basically, they vote for ali to go free. 489 00:19:55,228 --> 00:19:58,095 He wanted to be the greatest, 490 00:19:58,097 --> 00:20:01,999 And eventually he would become the greatest. 491 00:20:02,001 --> 00:20:03,834 This is what I stand for. 492 00:20:03,836 --> 00:20:05,903 I don't care if you don't believe in it. 493 00:20:05,905 --> 00:20:07,505 I'm gonna die for it. 494 00:20:07,507 --> 00:20:11,108 Ali fought for his religion. 495 00:20:11,110 --> 00:20:13,711 He fought for his race. 496 00:20:13,713 --> 00:20:16,080 He fought for civil rights. 497 00:20:16,082 --> 00:20:17,715 He fought for--I mean, 498 00:20:17,717 --> 00:20:20,952 Kind of everything that was going on at the time. 499 00:20:20,954 --> 00:20:24,188 He changed the world. 500 00:20:24,190 --> 00:20:28,693 ♪ you can change the world ♪ 501 00:20:28,695 --> 00:20:29,727 - ♪ you can ♪ 502 00:20:29,729 --> 00:20:32,563 - ♪ change the world ♪ 503 00:20:32,565 --> 00:20:34,265 [laughter] 504 00:20:34,267 --> 00:20:38,269 ♪ you can change the world ♪ 505 00:20:38,271 --> 00:20:41,472 [patriotic music] 506 00:20:41,474 --> 00:20:49,814 ♪ ♪ 507 00:20:51,617 --> 00:20:59,957 ♪ ♪ 508 00:21:01,126 --> 00:21:08,532 ♪ ♪ 509 00:21:08,534 --> 00:21:09,967 - Ku klux klan can! 510 00:21:09,969 --> 00:21:13,137 [dramatic music] 511 00:21:13,139 --> 00:21:13,170 ♪ ♪