1 00:00:02,698 --> 00:00:05,528 [pensive piano music] 2 00:00:05,570 --> 00:00:10,660 ♪ 3 00:00:10,706 --> 00:00:13,666 [indistinct shouting] 4 00:00:13,709 --> 00:00:16,489 [explosions, gunfire] 5 00:00:42,303 --> 00:00:44,043 [explosion] 6 00:00:50,746 --> 00:00:53,096 - [speaking German] 7 00:01:16,554 --> 00:01:19,174 [all coughing] 8 00:01:31,308 --> 00:01:34,088 - [gasping] 9 00:01:58,683 --> 00:02:01,473 [intense orchestral music] 10 00:02:01,512 --> 00:02:06,652 ♪ 11 00:02:06,691 --> 00:02:08,131 [gas hissing] 12 00:02:15,483 --> 00:02:17,663 - [gasping] 13 00:02:28,626 --> 00:02:31,056 [coughs] 14 00:02:36,765 --> 00:02:39,545 [crickets chirping] 15 00:02:45,252 --> 00:02:48,262 [dramatic orchestral music] 16 00:02:48,298 --> 00:02:56,088 ♪ 17 00:03:43,266 --> 00:03:46,176 [symphonic techno music] 18 00:03:46,226 --> 00:03:54,146 ♪ 19 00:04:41,281 --> 00:04:47,421 male narrator: OVER A 30-YEAR PERIOD, 20 00:04:47,461 --> 00:04:51,601 MORE THAN 100 MILLION PEOPLE WILL DIE 21 00:04:51,639 --> 00:04:54,419 IN THE BLOODIEST CONFLICT THE WORLD HAS EVER SEEN. 22 00:04:56,687 --> 00:04:58,517 BUT IT ALL BEGAN 23 00:04:58,559 --> 00:05:03,219 IN THE SLUMS OF VIENNA. 24 00:05:09,265 --> 00:05:13,355 [thundAT AGE 25, 25 00:05:13,400 --> 00:05:16,360 AND ASPIRING ARTIST 26 00:05:16,403 --> 00:05:17,843 STRUGGLING TO SURVIVE. 27 00:05:20,407 --> 00:05:22,187 BOTH HIS PARENTS ARE DEAD... 28 00:05:22,234 --> 00:05:25,724 [thunder booming] 29 00:05:25,760 --> 00:05:27,680 LEAVING HITLER TRULY ALONE IN THE WORLD. 30 00:05:30,025 --> 00:05:31,765 - HE WAS A LOST SOUL. 31 00:05:31,809 --> 00:05:34,549 HE WANTED TO BE AN ARTIST, 32 00:05:34,595 --> 00:05:37,895 BUT HE COULDN'T GET INTO THE ART SCHOOL, 33 00:05:37,946 --> 00:05:40,466 AND HE ENDED UP LIVING IN A FLOPHOUSE. 34 00:05:47,521 --> 00:05:50,961 narrator: LEFT WITHOUT ANY MEANS OF SUPPORT, 35 00:05:51,002 --> 00:05:54,752 HIS ONLY WAY TO MAKE MONEY IS SELLING PAINTINGS AROUND TOWN 36 00:05:54,789 --> 00:05:57,569 FOR NEXT TO NOTHING. 37 00:05:57,618 --> 00:06:00,268 - HITLER DIDN'T HAVE A PLAN B WHEN HE WAS REJECTED. 38 00:06:00,316 --> 00:06:01,616 HE JUST DIDN'T KNOW WHAT TO DO. 39 00:06:01,665 --> 00:06:05,015 SO HE STARTED TO DRIFT. 40 00:06:05,060 --> 00:06:06,890 HE HAD VERY LITTLE MONEY. 41 00:06:06,931 --> 00:06:09,461 HE WAS LIVING IN A HAND-TO-MOUTH EXISTENCE. 42 00:06:09,499 --> 00:06:11,849 HE HAD NO CLEAR AIM IN LIFE AT ALL. 43 00:06:11,893 --> 00:06:14,373 HE WAS, IN A SENSE, WAITING FOR SOMETHING TO HAPPEN. 44 00:06:16,811 --> 00:06:18,121 narrator: BEFORE LONG, 45 00:06:18,160 --> 00:06:22,030 A CHANCE EVENT 450 MILES AWAY 46 00:06:22,077 --> 00:06:25,037 WILL CHANGE EVERYTHING. 47 00:06:28,039 --> 00:06:31,349 JUNE 28, 1914. 48 00:06:31,391 --> 00:06:32,911 [explosion] 49 00:06:32,957 --> 00:06:39,137 AN ASSASSIN TAKES DOWN THE ARCHDUKE OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 50 00:06:39,181 --> 00:06:43,101 THE MURDER IGNITES A DEADLY CONFLICT 51 00:06:43,141 --> 00:06:45,101 THAT QUICKLY ERUPTS INTO WAR. 52 00:06:47,189 --> 00:06:49,279 FROM THE TANGLE OF ALLIANCES 53 00:06:49,321 --> 00:06:51,411 TWO SIDES EMERGE. 54 00:06:51,454 --> 00:06:53,544 BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND RUSSIA 55 00:06:53,587 --> 00:06:56,757 BECOME KNOWN AS THE ALLIES, 56 00:06:56,807 --> 00:07:00,457 WHILE AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, GERMANY, AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 57 00:07:00,507 --> 00:07:01,727 FORM THE CENTRAL POWERS. 58 00:07:04,772 --> 00:07:07,172 FILLED WITH PATRIOTIC SENSE OF URGENCY, 59 00:07:07,209 --> 00:07:11,909 MEN ON BOTH SIDES RUSH TO JOIN THE FIGHT. 60 00:07:11,953 --> 00:07:15,613 FOR HITLER, IT'S THE OPPORTUNITY HE'S BEEN WAITING FOR. 61 00:07:15,652 --> 00:07:18,832 HE QUICKLY RUSHES TO ENLIST. 62 00:07:18,873 --> 00:07:20,743 - HE TRIED OUT FOR THE AUSTRIAN ARMY. 63 00:07:20,788 --> 00:07:22,658 HE FAILED THE PHYSICAL. 64 00:07:22,703 --> 00:07:25,883 HE WASN'T CONSIDERED STRONG ENOUGH TO CARRY A RIFLE. 65 00:07:25,923 --> 00:07:28,583 narrator: REJECTED BY HIS OWN COUNTRY, 66 00:07:28,622 --> 00:07:30,842 HITLER TURNS TO THE GERMANY ARMY 67 00:07:30,885 --> 00:07:33,835 WHO'S ACCEPTING ALMOST ANYONE 68 00:07:33,888 --> 00:07:37,018 AS THEY WORKED TO BUILD THE LARGEST FIGHTING FORCE 69 00:07:37,065 --> 00:07:39,415 IN THE WORLD. 70 00:07:43,506 --> 00:07:46,376 [bells tolling] 71 00:07:51,601 --> 00:07:53,821 GERMANY HAS FINALLY GIVEN HITLER 72 00:07:53,864 --> 00:07:57,004 WHAT HE'S ALWAYS WANTED: 73 00:07:57,041 --> 00:07:58,571 A PLACE TO BELONG. 74 00:08:01,002 --> 00:08:02,742 - I THINK THAT THE DECISION TO ENTER THE MILITARY 75 00:08:02,786 --> 00:08:05,826 FOR MOST PEOPLE IS NOT A DECISION TO SERVE. 76 00:08:05,876 --> 00:08:07,566 IT MAY BE IN A VERY GENERAL SENSE, 77 00:08:07,617 --> 00:08:09,047 BUT IT'S MORE OFTEN 78 00:08:09,097 --> 00:08:10,967 BECAUSE SOMETHING ELSE IS MOTIVATING YOU. 79 00:08:18,585 --> 00:08:20,455 - ZWEI! 80 00:08:22,893 --> 00:08:24,423 DREI! 81 00:08:26,070 --> 00:08:27,420 VIER! 82 00:08:29,247 --> 00:08:31,947 narrator: THROUGHOUT AUGUST OF 1914, 83 00:08:31,989 --> 00:08:33,989 HITLER TRAINS AS A PRIVATE IN THE GERMAN ARMY. 84 00:08:36,124 --> 00:08:37,654 - WELL, THE GERMAN ARMY WAS CONSIDERED 85 00:08:37,691 --> 00:08:40,171 TO BE THE FINEST ARMY IN THE WORLD. 86 00:08:40,215 --> 00:08:42,825 IT WAS A MASSIVE FORCE-- 87 00:08:42,870 --> 00:08:45,050 WELL EQUIPPED, WELL TRAINED, 88 00:08:45,089 --> 00:08:46,739 AND VERY WELL LED, 89 00:08:46,787 --> 00:08:50,227 AND HITLER WAS SWEPT AWAY. 90 00:08:50,268 --> 00:08:52,098 BEING PART OF THE GERMAN ARMY 91 00:08:52,140 --> 00:08:55,490 WAS SOMETHING THAT HITLER DEEPLY LOVED. 92 00:09:00,452 --> 00:09:03,592 narrator: THE STRUCTURE OF TRAINING TRANSFORMS HITLER 93 00:09:03,630 --> 00:09:05,680 INTO A DEVOUT GERMAN SOLDIER. 94 00:09:08,635 --> 00:09:11,725 HITLER JOINS 1 1/2 MILLION GERMANS 95 00:09:11,768 --> 00:09:13,508 MARCHING TOWARDS THE FRENCH BORDER 96 00:09:13,553 --> 00:09:16,733 AND THE UNIFIED ALLIED FORCES. 97 00:09:16,773 --> 00:09:19,083 IN THE HISTORY OF WARFARE, 98 00:09:19,123 --> 00:09:22,473 ARMIES THIS LARGE HAVE NEVER MET IN COMBAT. 99 00:09:24,259 --> 00:09:27,649 6,000 MILES AWAY, 100 00:09:27,697 --> 00:09:29,567 AMERICA HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH THE WAR IN EUROPE. 101 00:09:31,658 --> 00:09:33,268 THEY'RE IN THEIR OWN WAR 102 00:09:33,311 --> 00:09:35,231 WITH PANCHO VILLA. 103 00:09:35,270 --> 00:09:38,060 [hooves rumbling] 104 00:09:38,099 --> 00:09:40,799 [gunshots] 105 00:09:40,841 --> 00:09:43,021 THE MEXICAN REVOLUTIONARY 106 00:09:43,060 --> 00:09:45,410 IS CARRYING OUT VIOLENT ATTACKS ON U.S. CITIZENS 107 00:09:45,454 --> 00:09:47,244 ALONG THE SOUTHWESTERN BORDER. 108 00:09:51,939 --> 00:09:53,639 BUT HE GOES TOO FAR. 109 00:10:04,299 --> 00:10:07,169 [gunshots ricocheting] 110 00:10:11,175 --> 00:10:14,215 VILLA AND HIS MEN SEIZE AN AMERICAN MINING TRAIN, 111 00:10:14,265 --> 00:10:18,005 BRUTALLY KILLING 16 INNOCENT AMERICANS, 112 00:10:18,052 --> 00:10:20,792 LEAVING THE U.S. MILITARY NO CHOICE 113 00:10:20,837 --> 00:10:22,057 BUT TO TAKE ACTION. 114 00:10:25,320 --> 00:10:29,320 NEARLY 5,000 AMERICAN TROOPS CROSS THE MEXICAN BORDER 115 00:10:29,367 --> 00:10:31,937 TO TAKE DOWN VILLA. 116 00:10:31,979 --> 00:10:36,239 BUT FIGHTING A GUERRILLA FORCE WITH A TRADITIONAL ARMY 117 00:10:36,287 --> 00:10:38,067 IS NEXT TO IMPOSSIBLE. 118 00:10:45,993 --> 00:10:48,043 [gunshot] 119 00:10:50,388 --> 00:10:53,568 ONE ARMY CAPTAIN IS DETERMINED TO FIND A DIFFERENT WAY. 120 00:10:55,959 --> 00:10:59,139 HIS NAME IS GEORGE S. PATTON. 121 00:11:07,231 --> 00:11:10,101 - PATTON'S ANCESTORS FOUGHT IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR; 122 00:11:10,147 --> 00:11:11,537 THEY FOUGHT IN THE CIVIL WAR. 123 00:11:11,583 --> 00:11:13,983 HE GREW UP WANTING TO BE A MILITARY HERO. 124 00:11:14,021 --> 00:11:17,151 HE HAS A REPUTATION FOR BEING SMART, TOUGH, 125 00:11:17,198 --> 00:11:19,938 AND FOR BEING RUTHLESS. 126 00:11:19,983 --> 00:11:21,993 AND HE HAS ANOTHER QUALITY THAT'S ESSENTIAL 127 00:11:22,029 --> 00:11:24,339 IN MILITARY LEADERSHIP. 128 00:11:24,379 --> 00:11:26,289 HE UNDERSTANDS THE POWER OF TECHNOLOGY, 129 00:11:26,337 --> 00:11:29,987 AND HE DOESN'T WANT TO FIGHT WITH CAVALRY AND WITH HORSES. 130 00:11:30,037 --> 00:11:32,207 HE'S LOOKING FOR NEW TECHNOLOGY 131 00:11:32,256 --> 00:11:34,866 THAT WILL CHANGE THE NATURE OF THE BATTLEFIELD. 132 00:11:34,911 --> 00:11:37,131 SO THE CAR IS FAIRLY NEW. 133 00:11:39,568 --> 00:11:43,308 IF YOU STRAP A GUN TO A CAR, 134 00:11:43,354 --> 00:11:45,144 YOU'VE GOT A NEW INSTRUMENT OF WARFARE. 135 00:11:47,576 --> 00:11:51,146 narrator: WHAT PATTON DOESN'T KNOW 136 00:11:51,188 --> 00:11:53,628 IS THAT HE'S ABOUT TO REVOLUTIONIZE WARFARE. 137 00:12:01,024 --> 00:12:03,164 - I THINK PATTON KNEW ONLY ONE DIRECTION, 138 00:12:03,200 --> 00:12:04,900 AND THAT WAS FORWARD. 139 00:12:04,941 --> 00:12:06,771 HE HAD A LOT OF CHARISMA. 140 00:12:06,813 --> 00:12:09,123 HE WAS A VERY COLORFUL LEADER. 141 00:12:09,163 --> 00:12:11,563 I THOUGHT HE WAS VERY EGOTISTICAL, 142 00:12:11,600 --> 00:12:14,730 AND THAT'S FINE AS LONG AS YOU TRANSLATE THAT 143 00:12:14,777 --> 00:12:16,257 INTO GOOD LEADERSHIP. 144 00:12:16,300 --> 00:12:22,920 BUT MAYBE A LITTLE BIT OVER THE TOP. 145 00:12:22,959 --> 00:12:25,009 narrator: ALMOST IMMEDIATELY, 146 00:12:25,048 --> 00:12:28,268 PATTON IS ABLE TO PUT HIS PLAN INTO ACTION... 147 00:12:28,312 --> 00:12:31,792 [motor rumbling] 148 00:12:34,666 --> 00:12:38,106 AND HE LAUNCHES A SURPRISE RAID ON PANCHO VILLA'S CAMP. 149 00:12:39,759 --> 00:12:40,799 - FASTER! 150 00:12:43,850 --> 00:12:45,680 GOT 'EM ON THE RUN. GO! 151 00:12:52,380 --> 00:12:54,160 FASTER! 152 00:12:57,298 --> 00:12:59,908 GET DOWN! 153 00:12:59,953 --> 00:13:01,743 [gunfire] 154 00:13:04,174 --> 00:13:05,224 LET'S GO, LET'S GO! 155 00:13:18,449 --> 00:13:22,449 narrator: THE BANDITS ARE NO MATCH 156 00:13:22,497 --> 00:13:24,977 FOR PATTON AND HIS MOBILE ARMY, 157 00:13:25,021 --> 00:13:28,421 AND BY THE END OF THE FIGHT, 158 00:13:28,459 --> 00:13:31,639 THREE OF VILLA'S MEN HAVE BEEN KILLED, 159 00:13:31,680 --> 00:13:35,860 INCLUDING HIS SECOND-IN-COMMAND. 160 00:13:35,902 --> 00:13:37,862 THE FIRST USE OF MOTORIZED WARFARE 161 00:13:37,904 --> 00:13:40,124 BY THE UNITED STATES ARMY 162 00:13:40,167 --> 00:13:43,817 IS A HUGE SUCCESS, 163 00:13:43,866 --> 00:13:46,126 AND FOR PATTON, 164 00:13:46,173 --> 00:13:49,223 IT'S THE FIRST STEP IN HIS RISE TO GREATNESS. 165 00:13:54,007 --> 00:13:57,047 HALF A WORLD AWAY, 166 00:13:57,097 --> 00:13:59,357 TWO MASSIVE ARMIES COLLIDE ON THE BATTLEFIELD... 167 00:14:04,060 --> 00:14:06,370 IN THE FIRST MAJOR WAR WITH MODERN TECHNOLOGY. 168 00:14:09,936 --> 00:14:11,326 - WHEN YOU LOOK AT WORLD WAR I, 169 00:14:11,372 --> 00:14:13,552 IT'S ABOUT MACHINE GUNS, AND, YOU KNOW, 170 00:14:13,591 --> 00:14:18,161 ALL OF THESE SORTS OF NEW KILLING MECHANISMS. 171 00:14:18,205 --> 00:14:21,945 IT'S THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY AS A TECH ERA. 172 00:14:21,991 --> 00:14:24,171 THIS IS NOT MEN ON HORSEBACK ANYMORE. 173 00:14:24,211 --> 00:14:26,211 THIS IS A MOTORIZED WAR. 174 00:14:28,389 --> 00:14:31,219 narrator: THE ADVANCED WEAPONRY TURNS THE CONFLICT 175 00:14:31,261 --> 00:14:33,261 INTO A SLAUGHTER. 176 00:14:33,307 --> 00:14:35,827 230 MEN ARE KILLED EACH HOUR-- 177 00:14:38,921 --> 00:14:42,361 ONE DEATH EVERY 15 SECONDS. 178 00:14:42,403 --> 00:14:46,193 - REALLY THE MACHINE GUN 179 00:14:46,233 --> 00:14:49,893 THEY FOUND IF THEY DUG EVEN SHALLOW TRENCHES 180 00:14:49,932 --> 00:14:50,852 AND USED MACHINE GUNS, 181 00:14:50,890 --> 00:14:53,590 A SMALL NUMBER OF TROOPS 182 00:14:53,631 --> 00:14:55,941 COULD STOP A LARGE ATTACKING FORCE. 183 00:14:55,982 --> 00:14:58,772 AND THEN BOTH SIDES STARTED TO DIG TRENCHES. 184 00:14:58,810 --> 00:15:02,210 AND SO THEY WERE LOCKED ALONG THIS LINE, THE WESTERN FRONT, 185 00:15:02,249 --> 00:15:06,299 WHICH WAS THIS EXTRAORDINARILY COMPLEX SET OF TRENCHES 186 00:15:06,340 --> 00:15:09,560 THAT DIDN'T MOVE VERY MUCH EITHER WAY. 187 00:15:09,604 --> 00:15:11,174 [explosion] 188 00:15:11,214 --> 00:15:14,394 narrator: THE TRENCHES COVER 25,000 MILES. 189 00:15:14,435 --> 00:15:16,735 LAID END TO END, 190 00:15:16,785 --> 00:15:19,085 THEY WOULD CIRCLE THE GLOBE. 191 00:15:22,704 --> 00:15:27,064 THE AREA BETWEEN THE TRENCHES IS SO DEADLY, 192 00:15:27,100 --> 00:15:28,580 IT'S KNOWN... 193 00:15:31,104 --> 00:15:33,584 AS NO-MAN'S-LAND. 194 00:15:47,424 --> 00:15:49,304 AMONG THE GERMAN SOLDIERS 195 00:15:49,339 --> 00:15:53,909 STATIONED IN THE TRENCHES ALONG THE WESTERN FRONT 196 00:15:53,953 --> 00:15:55,913 IS ADOLF HITLER. 197 00:15:59,262 --> 00:16:01,742 BUT EVEN AFTER MONTHS ON THE FRONT LINES, 198 00:16:01,786 --> 00:16:03,916 HITLER'S STILL SEEN AS AN OUTCAST. 199 00:16:08,706 --> 00:16:10,316 - HITLER WAS REGARDED BY THE OTHER TROOPS 200 00:16:10,360 --> 00:16:12,230 AS SOMETHING OF A LONER, 201 00:16:12,275 --> 00:16:15,015 SOMETHING OF A RATHER PECULIAR ECCENTRIC PERSON 202 00:16:15,061 --> 00:16:16,451 WHO KEPT TO HIMSELF. 203 00:16:18,325 --> 00:16:21,415 narrator: BUT WHAT HITLER LACKS IN POPULARITY 204 00:16:21,458 --> 00:16:24,238 HE MAKES UP FOR IN BLIND AMBITION. 205 00:16:24,287 --> 00:16:25,897 - RUNNER! 206 00:16:27,551 --> 00:16:30,641 COMMAND WANTS THIS TAKEN TO THE 3RD BATTALION. 207 00:16:30,685 --> 00:16:32,335 NOW! - YES, SIR. 208 00:16:34,645 --> 00:16:36,775 - HITLER'S ROLE AS A MESSENGER 209 00:16:36,821 --> 00:16:40,911 WAS ACTUALLY CONSIDERED PERHAPS THE MOST DANGEROUS TASK 210 00:16:40,956 --> 00:16:43,256 IN TRENCH WARFARE-- 211 00:16:43,306 --> 00:16:47,526 RUNNING FROM TRENCH TO TRENCH, EXPOSING HIMSELF TO ENEMY FIRE. 212 00:16:47,571 --> 00:16:50,401 THE MORTALITY RATE FOR MESSENGERS 213 00:16:50,444 --> 00:16:51,924 WAS QUITE SIGNIFICANT. 214 00:16:54,491 --> 00:16:56,581 - PULL BACK! 215 00:17:16,470 --> 00:17:17,990 - [grunts] 216 00:17:23,172 --> 00:17:26,002 [gunfire] 217 00:17:48,371 --> 00:17:49,551 [explosion] 218 00:17:50,765 --> 00:17:53,585 [high-pitched ringing] 219 00:17:56,336 --> 00:17:59,166 [dramatic string music] 220 00:17:59,208 --> 00:18:07,038 ♪ 221 00:18:32,720 --> 00:18:34,030 - THE GERMANS ARE RETREATING, 222 00:18:34,069 --> 00:18:35,769 AND ADOLF HITLER HAS BEEN INJURED, 223 00:18:35,810 --> 00:18:40,680 AND HE HAS THIS ENCOUNTER WITH A PRIVATE HENRY TANDEY, 224 00:18:40,728 --> 00:18:42,248 A BRITISH PRIVATE. 225 00:18:49,824 --> 00:18:52,704 [music swells] 226 00:19:01,357 --> 00:19:05,187 TANDEY HAS ADOLF HITLER IN HIS SIGHTS, 227 00:19:05,231 --> 00:19:12,061 AND EVEN THOUGH HE'S A TRAINED SOLDIER, 228 00:19:17,025 --> 00:19:20,285 IF TANDEY HAD PULLED THE TRIGGER, 229 00:19:20,333 --> 00:19:24,903 ADOLF HITLER WOULD HAVE DIED ON THE BATTLEFIELDS IN WORLD WAR I, 230 00:19:24,946 --> 00:19:28,076 AND THE WHOLE COURSE OF HUMAN HISTORY WOULD HAVE BEEN CHANGED. 231 00:19:28,123 --> 00:19:30,133 IT'S ONE OF THE GREAT WHAT-IFS IN HISTORY. 232 00:19:45,967 --> 00:19:47,877 narrator: THE WORLD WARS HAVE BEGUN 233 00:19:47,925 --> 00:19:49,965 WITH BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND RUSSIA 234 00:19:50,014 --> 00:19:52,804 SQUARING OFF AGAINST GERMANY AND THE CENTRAL POWERS. 235 00:19:52,843 --> 00:19:54,193 [gunfire] 236 00:19:54,236 --> 00:19:56,366 MODERN WEAPONRY IS CAUSING MASS DEVASTATION 237 00:19:56,412 --> 00:19:58,942 ON THE BATTLEFIELDS, 238 00:19:58,980 --> 00:20:00,980 AND TENS OF THOUSANDS OF SOLDIERS 239 00:20:01,025 --> 00:20:03,025 ARE NOW LIVING IN OVERCROWDED TRENCHES. 240 00:20:05,116 --> 00:20:07,116 - VERY SOON AFTER THE WAR BEGAN, 241 00:20:07,162 --> 00:20:13,082 BOTH SIDES REALIZED, "WE CAN ENTRENCH, 242 00:20:13,124 --> 00:20:15,784 "THEY CAN MOVE US BACKWARDS A LITTLE BIT 243 00:20:15,823 --> 00:20:18,263 BUT ONLY AT HORRENDOUS COST." 244 00:20:18,304 --> 00:20:20,004 AND THE RESULT OF THIS, 245 00:20:20,044 --> 00:20:23,314 THE WAR JUST BOGGED DOWN IN THE MUDS OF NORTHERN FRANCE. 246 00:20:32,056 --> 00:20:34,186 narrator: BUT IN LONDON, 247 00:20:34,233 --> 00:20:36,323 ONE MAN IS CONVINCED HE CAN BREAK THE STALEMATE. 248 00:20:39,063 --> 00:20:42,113 - HE COMES UP TO THE BARMAN AND SAYS... 249 00:20:42,153 --> 00:20:43,723 narrator: BORN INTO OF THE WEALTHIEST FAMILIES 250 00:20:43,764 --> 00:20:47,074 IN BRITAIN, 251 00:20:47,115 --> 00:20:49,725 HE'S RISEN THROUGH THE RANKS AT UNUSUAL SPEED... 252 00:20:52,338 --> 00:20:55,078 TO BECOME THE FIRST LORD OF BRITISH ADMIRALTY. 253 00:20:56,951 --> 00:21:01,431 HIS NAME IS WINSTON CHURCHILL. 254 00:21:01,477 --> 00:21:04,917 - CHURCHILL HAD THE MOST ENORMOUS SELF-CONFIDENCE, 255 00:21:04,959 --> 00:21:07,479 AND IT'S EASY TO SEE WHY THAT WAS THE CASE. 256 00:21:07,527 --> 00:21:09,957 HE WAS THE SON OF LORD RANDOLPH CHURCHILL, 257 00:21:10,007 --> 00:21:11,527 WHO WAS A BRILLIANT POLITICIAN. 258 00:21:11,574 --> 00:21:13,924 AND SO CHURCHILL, FROM A VERY YOUNG MAN, 259 00:21:13,968 --> 00:21:17,318 SAW HIMSELF, ALMOST BY DIVINE RIGHT, 260 00:21:17,363 --> 00:21:24,463 AS PLAYING A LEADING ROLE IN POLITICS. 261 00:21:24,500 --> 00:21:27,290 narrator: CHURCHILL FORMS A BOLD PLAN 262 00:21:27,329 --> 00:21:31,069 THAT HE'S CERTAIN WILL CHANGE THE ALLIES' FORTUNES. 263 00:21:31,115 --> 00:21:33,155 - HE EVEN AT THAT POINT 264 00:21:33,204 --> 00:21:35,514 CONSIDERED HIMSELF A STRATEGIST, 265 00:21:35,555 --> 00:21:39,385 AND HE LOOKED FOR WAYS TO BREAK THE STALEMATE IN WESTERN EUROPE 266 00:21:39,428 --> 00:21:41,558 RATHER THAN JUST TO GET MORE ARMIES AND MORE ARTILLERY, 267 00:21:41,604 --> 00:21:43,614 AND IT ACTUALLY WAS FAIRLY THOUGHTFUL. 268 00:21:43,650 --> 00:21:45,520 - WHAT IF WE COULD SEND A FLEET 269 00:21:45,565 --> 00:21:49,255 TO THE SOUTH INTO THE BLACK SEA? 270 00:21:49,308 --> 00:21:50,478 - RESUPPLY THE RUSSIANS? 271 00:21:50,526 --> 00:21:53,486 - WELL, YES, EXACTLY. 272 00:21:53,529 --> 00:21:55,049 - THERE'S NO WAY. 273 00:21:55,096 --> 00:21:56,396 - WELL, YES, THERE IS. 274 00:21:56,445 --> 00:21:59,055 THROUGH GALLIPOLI. 275 00:21:59,100 --> 00:22:01,490 - GALLIPOLI? NO. 276 00:22:01,537 --> 00:22:03,707 - THIS IS OUR WAY IN. 277 00:22:03,757 --> 00:22:05,977 - WITH ALL DUE RESPECT, WE ARE HERE TO PROVIDE INFORMATION-- 278 00:22:06,020 --> 00:22:10,020 - THIS IS WHAT WE ARE DOING. 279 00:22:10,067 --> 00:22:11,547 - A LOT OF PEOPLE CHURCHILL WORKED WITH 280 00:22:11,591 --> 00:22:13,241 THOUGHT HE WAS A MAN OF CONTRADICTIONS, 281 00:22:13,288 --> 00:22:15,068 A MAVERICK, A LOOSE CANNON. 282 00:22:15,116 --> 00:22:17,336 HE WAS KNOWN AS SOMEONE TO WATCH. 283 00:22:17,379 --> 00:22:18,899 HIS FRIENDS WOULD SAY SOMEONE TO WATCH 284 00:22:18,946 --> 00:22:20,246 BECAUSE HE'S VERY TALENTED, 285 00:22:20,295 --> 00:22:21,985 AND HIS ENEMIES WOULD SAY SOMEONE TO WATCH 286 00:22:22,036 --> 00:22:23,246 BECAUSE HE WAS DANGEROUS. 287 00:22:25,300 --> 00:22:26,690 narrator: THE GALLIPOLI PENINSULA 288 00:22:26,736 --> 00:22:30,306 IS HEAVILY GUARDED BY THE CENTRAL POWERS. 289 00:22:30,349 --> 00:22:37,619 CHURCHILL'S PLAN IS TO BLAST THROUGH THE NARROW STRAIT, 290 00:22:37,660 --> 00:22:39,360 AND ALLOWING THE ALLIES TO LAUNCH 291 00:22:39,401 --> 00:22:42,271 AN OVERWHELMING ATTACK FROM THE EAST, 292 00:22:42,317 --> 00:22:44,407 OPENING UP A SECOND FRONT AGAINST GERMANY. 293 00:22:45,929 --> 00:22:47,629 IF IT'S SUCCESSFUL, 294 00:22:47,670 --> 00:22:51,370 THE ALLIES WILL BE ABLE TO TURN THE TIDE OF THE WAR 295 00:22:51,413 --> 00:22:53,113 AND CRUSH THE CENTRAL POWERS. 296 00:22:58,942 --> 00:23:02,342 MORE THAN 100 WARSHIPS SET SAIL 297 00:23:02,381 --> 00:23:05,251 FOR WHAT WILL BE THE LARGEST AMPHIBIOUS INVASION 298 00:23:05,296 --> 00:23:06,906 THE WORLD HAS EVER SEEN. 299 00:23:15,263 --> 00:23:18,183 [pensive orchestral music] 300 00:23:18,222 --> 00:23:22,272 ♪ 301 00:23:22,313 --> 00:23:24,143 - PEOPLE OFTEN ASK ME, "WHAT'S THE MOST 302 00:23:24,185 --> 00:23:26,225 DIFFICULT DECISION YOU'VE EVER MADE?" 303 00:23:26,274 --> 00:23:29,324 IT'S ALWAYS THE DECISION OF SENDING MEN INTO BATTLE, 304 00:23:29,364 --> 00:23:31,024 AND THE WORST PART OF IT ALL 305 00:23:31,061 --> 00:23:33,411 IS THE NIGHT THAT THE BATTLE BEGINS, 306 00:23:33,455 --> 00:23:40,195 BECAUSE YOU KNOW YOU'VE JUST LAUNCHED SOMETHING, 307 00:23:40,244 --> 00:23:42,684 YOU WILL START GETTING CALLS FROM THE BATTLEFIELD, 308 00:23:42,725 --> 00:23:44,545 FROM YOUR COMMANDERS OUT IN THE FIELD, 309 00:23:44,597 --> 00:23:47,897 THAT WILL TELL YOU HOW MANY YOUNG MEN HAVE DIED. 310 00:23:47,948 --> 00:23:50,298 [telephone rings] 311 00:23:53,432 --> 00:23:57,522 - YES? 312 00:23:57,566 --> 00:23:59,216 THEY'RE HALFWAY UP THE STRAITS. 313 00:23:59,263 --> 00:24:00,573 - THEY SHOULD HAVE BROKEN THROUGH BY NOW. 314 00:24:00,613 --> 00:24:01,573 - THEY'LL MAKE IT. 315 00:24:01,614 --> 00:24:03,574 - FOUR SHIPS SUNK. 316 00:24:03,616 --> 00:24:05,706 ANOTHER BURNING. 317 00:24:05,748 --> 00:24:08,098 - LOSSES WERE TO BE EXPECTED. 318 00:24:08,142 --> 00:24:10,062 - THE FLEET IS REQUESTING PERMISSION TO TURN BACK. 319 00:24:10,100 --> 00:24:13,360 - THEY ARE TO PRESS ON AT ALL COSTS. 320 00:24:15,323 --> 00:24:16,503 THIS IS WAR. 321 00:24:20,502 --> 00:24:23,292 - GALLIPOLI I DON'T THINK COULD EVER HAVE WORKED. 322 00:24:23,331 --> 00:24:25,461 THE TROOPS WHO STORMED ASHORE 323 00:24:25,507 --> 00:24:29,077 WERE MET BY A HAIL OF MACHINE GUN FIRE AND ARTILLERY, 324 00:24:29,119 --> 00:24:30,899 AND THE CASUALTIES WERE APPALLING. 325 00:24:36,387 --> 00:24:41,607 narrator: THE INVASION IS A DEVASTATING FAILURE. 326 00:24:41,654 --> 00:24:46,494 56,000 ALLIED TROOPS ARE KILLED 327 00:24:46,528 --> 00:24:49,918 AND NEARLY 200,000 ARE REPORTED INJURED OR MISSING. 328 00:24:52,360 --> 00:24:54,410 ALMOST NO GROUND IS GAINED... 329 00:24:57,496 --> 00:25:00,236 AND THE SUPPLY ROUTE TO RUSSIA 330 00:25:00,281 --> 00:25:03,761 REMAINS CLOSED OFF. 331 00:25:03,806 --> 00:25:06,326 - I THINK CHURCHILL'S CREDIBILITY AFTER GALLIPOLI 332 00:25:06,374 --> 00:25:09,514 WAS CERTAINLY CALLED INTO QUESTION. 333 00:25:12,380 --> 00:25:15,600 WARFARE IS NOT A SCIENCE. 334 00:25:15,644 --> 00:25:17,654 THE ONE THING YOU DO KNOW WHEN YOU COMMIT TO WARFARE IS, 335 00:25:17,690 --> 00:25:19,000 IT'S GONNA BE HORRIBLE. 336 00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:29,570 narrator: THE PUBLIC IS OUTRAGED BY THE CARNAGE. 337 00:25:38,667 --> 00:25:42,367 - IT'S OVER. 338 00:25:42,410 --> 00:25:44,150 - THE PLAN WAS SOUND. 339 00:25:44,194 --> 00:25:45,204 - EXCUSE ME? 340 00:25:45,239 --> 00:25:46,719 - THE PLAN WAS SOUND. 341 00:25:46,762 --> 00:25:48,502 ALL WE NEEDED TO DO WAS KEEP PUSHING FORWARD. 342 00:25:48,547 --> 00:25:49,717 - I'M AFRAID YOUR SERVICES 343 00:25:49,765 --> 00:25:52,725 AS FIRST LORD OF THE ADMIRALTY 344 00:25:52,768 --> 00:25:56,598 ARE NO LONGER REQUIRED. 345 00:25:56,642 --> 00:26:00,252 I'LL EXPECT YOUR LETTER OF RESIGNATION IN THE MORNING. 346 00:26:13,006 --> 00:26:14,616 - WHEN CHURCHILL WAS LET GO, 347 00:26:14,660 --> 00:26:17,490 HE THOUGHT HIS CAREER WAS OVER, FINISHED. 348 00:26:19,447 --> 00:26:21,537 AND THAT WASN'T MELODRAMA ON HIS PART, 349 00:26:21,580 --> 00:26:23,320 AND HE COULD BE MELODRAMATIC. 350 00:26:23,364 --> 00:26:24,634 IT APPEARED THAT IT WOULD BE FINISHED. 351 00:26:24,670 --> 00:26:27,410 IT'S HARD TO IMAGINE CHURCHILL 352 00:26:27,455 --> 00:26:29,625 BEING HUMBLED BY SOMETHING LIKE GALLIPOLI, 353 00:26:29,675 --> 00:26:31,585 BUT HE WAS CHASTENED. 354 00:26:31,633 --> 00:26:34,903 HE THOUGHT, "NEVER AGAIN. 355 00:26:34,941 --> 00:26:37,251 "THE NEXT TIME, IF THERE'S A NEXT TIME"-- 356 00:26:37,291 --> 00:26:38,811 AND IT DIDN'T LOOK LIKE THERE WOULD BE-- 357 00:26:38,858 --> 00:26:40,288 "I'LL DO IT RIGHT." 358 00:26:48,694 --> 00:26:52,264 narrator: DEFEATED AND HUMILIATED, 359 00:26:52,306 --> 00:26:54,436 CHURCHILL'S CAREER IS ALL BUT RUINED. 360 00:27:00,096 --> 00:27:02,356 HE'S OFFERED A DESK JOB 361 00:27:02,403 --> 00:27:04,363 WHICH HE TURNS DOWN. 362 00:27:07,800 --> 00:27:10,800 HE KNOWS IF HE'S EVER GOING TO REDEEM HIMSELF, 363 00:27:10,846 --> 00:27:12,666 HE NEEDS A NEW PATH. 364 00:27:18,332 --> 00:27:21,382 SO CHURCHILL DOES THE UNTHINKABLE. 365 00:27:21,422 --> 00:27:23,472 HE ENLISTS IN THE BRITISH ARMY... 366 00:27:26,470 --> 00:27:28,260 AND HEADS STRAIGHT FOR THE FRONT LINES. 367 00:27:34,000 --> 00:27:36,610 WHILE WINSTON CHURCHILL LOOKS FOR REDEMPTION, 368 00:27:36,655 --> 00:27:39,695 GERMANY LOOKS TO CAPITALIZE ON ITS VICTORY AT GALLIPOLI, 369 00:27:39,745 --> 00:27:42,525 DEVISING A PLAN TO ELIMINATE THE RUSSIAN THREAT 370 00:27:42,573 --> 00:27:44,143 ONCE AND FOR ALL. 371 00:27:49,668 --> 00:27:51,838 THE GERMANS LOAD A SECRET WEAPON 372 00:27:51,887 --> 00:27:56,147 ONTO A HEAVILY GUARDED TRAIN HEADED FOR RUSSIA. 373 00:27:57,676 --> 00:28:00,586 [dramatic orchestral music] 374 00:28:00,635 --> 00:28:01,765 ♪ 375 00:28:01,810 --> 00:28:03,420 IT'S A WEAPON THAT PROMISES 376 00:28:03,464 --> 00:28:06,474 TO DESTROY THEIR ENEMIES FROM THE INSIDE OUT. 377 00:28:11,733 --> 00:28:14,213 [whistle blowing] 378 00:28:16,912 --> 00:28:20,132 THAT WEAPON IS VLADIMIR LENIN. 379 00:28:26,792 --> 00:28:31,622 LENIN IS THE LEADER OF RUSSIA'S COMMUNIST REVOLUTIONARIES 380 00:28:31,666 --> 00:28:33,706 HELL-BENT ON TOPPLING THE RUSSIAN CZAR. 381 00:28:36,279 --> 00:28:37,719 FOR THE PAST TEN YEARS, 382 00:28:37,759 --> 00:28:40,759 HE'S BEEN IN EXILE IN SWITZERLAND 383 00:28:40,806 --> 00:28:44,456 UNTIL GERMANY SENDS HIM HOME ON A TRAIN 384 00:28:44,505 --> 00:28:46,585 ALONG WITH OVER $10 MILLION 385 00:28:46,637 --> 00:28:47,807 TO FUND HIS REVOLUTION. 386 00:28:49,292 --> 00:28:50,692 - THE GERMANS DECIDED 387 00:28:50,729 --> 00:28:52,729 THAT THEY WOULD TAKE THIS ENORMOUS GAMBLE 388 00:28:52,774 --> 00:28:55,474 AND BRING LENIN BACK TO RUSSIA 389 00:28:55,516 --> 00:28:58,686 TO BRING ABOUT A REVOLUTION 390 00:28:58,737 --> 00:29:00,737 THAT'S ABOUT AS RADICAL A STEP AS YOU CAN TAKE. 391 00:29:05,700 --> 00:29:08,440 narrator: WHEN LENIN GETS TO MOSCOW, 392 00:29:08,485 --> 00:29:11,655 HE'S GREETED BY AN OLD FRIEND. 393 00:29:11,706 --> 00:29:14,836 SIX TIMES HE'S BEEN EXILED TO SIBERIA, 394 00:29:14,883 --> 00:29:17,973 AND SIX TIMES HE'S ESCAPED. 395 00:29:18,017 --> 00:29:20,407 HIS NAME IS JOSEPH STALIN. 396 00:29:23,457 --> 00:29:25,587 - COMRADE. 397 00:29:25,633 --> 00:29:27,423 - COMRADE. 398 00:29:27,461 --> 00:29:30,331 - LET ME SHOW YOU TO YOUR NEW PLACE. 399 00:29:30,377 --> 00:29:31,677 narrator: REUNITED, 400 00:29:31,726 --> 00:29:34,416 THE TWO PLAY RIGHT INTO GERMANY'S PLAN 401 00:29:34,468 --> 00:29:37,338 AS THEY BEGIN TO PLOT AN ARMED REBELLION. 402 00:29:37,384 --> 00:29:39,824 OVER THE NEXT FEW MONTHS, 403 00:29:39,865 --> 00:29:44,825 LENIN AND STALIN RECRUIT A MASSIVE WORKERS' MILITIA. 404 00:29:44,870 --> 00:29:49,000 USING THE $10 MILLION FROM THE GERMAN GOVERNMENT, 405 00:29:49,048 --> 00:29:52,398 THEY QUIETLY AMASS A STOCKPILE OF WEAPONS... 406 00:29:54,662 --> 00:29:57,622 UNTIL THEY ARE READY TO MAKE THEIR MOVE. 407 00:29:57,665 --> 00:30:00,095 - I'VE ARRANGED TO TAKE THE TRAIN STATIONS 408 00:30:00,146 --> 00:30:02,706 AND THE TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS. 409 00:30:02,757 --> 00:30:03,977 - AND THE PALACE GUARD? 410 00:30:04,019 --> 00:30:05,929 - MANY OF OUR SOURCES 411 00:30:05,978 --> 00:30:08,888 SAY THEY ARE SYMPATHETIC TO OUR CAUSE. 412 00:30:08,937 --> 00:30:22,857 - OUR TIMING HAS TO BE PERFECT. 413 00:30:22,908 --> 00:30:26,388 narrator: ON NOVEMBER 7, 1917 THE COMMUNISTS STORM THE WINTER PALACE, 414 00:30:26,433 --> 00:30:29,183 THE SOVIET UNION WILL SOON RISE TO POWER. 415 00:30:39,533 --> 00:30:41,623 - THIS IS JUST THE BEGINNING, COMRADE. 416 00:30:45,931 --> 00:30:48,981 narrator: JUST DAYS LATER, 417 00:30:49,021 --> 00:30:53,291 LENIN SIGNS A DECREE THAT TAKES RUSSIA OUT OF THE WAR. 418 00:30:55,636 --> 00:30:59,156 THE GERMAN PLAN WORKS, 419 00:30:59,205 --> 00:31:02,895 BRINGING THEM ONE STEP CLOSER TO VICTORY. 420 00:31:08,954 --> 00:31:10,914 narrator: EUROPE IS AT WAR, 421 00:31:10,956 --> 00:31:13,606 AND IN A BOLD MOVE, THE CENTRAL POWERS 422 00:31:13,654 --> 00:31:16,354 HAVE ENDED THE FIGHTING ON THE EASTERN FRONT, 423 00:31:16,396 --> 00:31:22,096 SENDING EXILED REVOLUTIONARY VLADIMIR LENIN BACK TO RUSSIA 424 00:31:22,141 --> 00:31:24,931 WHERE HE SEIZED CONTROL OF THE COUNTRY 425 00:31:24,970 --> 00:31:27,060 AND TOOK THE RUSSIAN ARMY OUT OF THE FIGHT. 426 00:31:31,193 --> 00:31:35,153 GERMANY CAN TURN ITS ATTENTION TO THE OTHER ALLIES, 427 00:31:35,197 --> 00:31:37,417 AND ONE OF THE COUNTRIES NOW FORCED TO FEND OFF 428 00:31:37,460 --> 00:31:40,250 A NEW WAVE OF GERMAN SOLDIERS 429 00:31:40,289 --> 00:31:43,469 IS ITALY. 430 00:31:43,510 --> 00:31:46,860 ITALY JOINED THE FIGHT IN 1915 431 00:31:46,905 --> 00:31:49,555 AND NOW MUST FACE THE FULL MIGHT OF THE GERMAN ARMY 432 00:31:49,603 --> 00:31:51,653 FOR THE FIRST TIME. 433 00:31:51,692 --> 00:31:53,652 TENS OF THOUSANDS OF TROOPS 434 00:31:53,694 --> 00:31:56,004 ARE RUSHED TO DEFEND THE ITALIAN BORDER IN THE ALPS. 435 00:32:02,398 --> 00:32:05,578 AMONG THEM 436 00:32:05,619 --> 00:32:08,709 IS A SHARPSHOOTER NAMED BENITO MUSSOLINI. 437 00:32:12,452 --> 00:32:15,192 - BEFORE THE WAR, MUSSOLINI IS AN ANTIWAR ACTIVIST. 438 00:32:15,237 --> 00:32:25,287 HE'S A JOURNALIST. HE'S PRETTY MUCH A PACIFIST. 439 00:32:25,291 --> 00:32:30,991 HE'S A JOURNALIST. HE'S PRETTY MUCH A PACIFIST. 440 00:32:31,036 --> 00:32:32,776 [gunshot] 441 00:32:36,693 --> 00:32:39,353 narrator: THE TIME SPENT DEFENDING ITALY'S BORDER 442 00:32:39,392 --> 00:32:42,832 MAKES MUSSOLINI HUNGRY TO RETURN ITALY TO GREATNESS. 443 00:32:44,440 --> 00:32:46,140 [gunshot] 444 00:32:48,096 --> 00:32:50,266 - MUSSOLINI BECOMES A VERY DIFFERENT PERSON 445 00:32:50,316 --> 00:32:51,576 THAN HE WAS BEFORE THE WAR. 446 00:32:51,621 --> 00:32:53,931 HIS WHOLE ATTITUDE TOWARD HIS NATION 447 00:32:53,972 --> 00:32:56,282 AND HIS ROLE IN IT CHANGES. 448 00:32:56,322 --> 00:32:58,242 HE DEVELOPS THIS HYPER SENSE OF NATIONALISM, 449 00:32:58,280 --> 00:33:02,020 THIS REAL PRIDE IN HIS COUNTRY. 450 00:33:02,067 --> 00:33:04,197 narrator: THE HORRORS OF WAR 451 00:33:04,243 --> 00:33:09,123 HAVE TRANSFORMED MUSSOLINI 452 00:33:09,161 --> 00:33:12,031 A TRAIT HE'LL TAKE BACK WITH HIM TO ROME. 453 00:33:14,427 --> 00:33:16,037 [gunshot] 454 00:33:16,081 --> 00:33:19,171 600 MILES TO THE NORTH IN BELGIUM, 455 00:33:19,214 --> 00:33:21,044 THE BRITISH ARMY DIGS IN... 456 00:33:21,086 --> 00:33:24,086 [gunfire] 457 00:33:24,132 --> 00:33:25,832 FIGHTING TO STAY ALIVE. 458 00:33:32,749 --> 00:33:37,149 NEARLY 400,000 BRITISH SOLDIERS HAVE BEEN KILLED 459 00:33:37,189 --> 00:33:39,539 JUST TO BE REPLACED BY NEW ARRIVALS. 460 00:33:43,978 --> 00:33:45,938 AMONG THE NEW RECRUITS 461 00:33:45,980 --> 00:33:47,370 IS A MAN BATTLING BACK 462 00:33:47,416 --> 00:33:49,896 FROM THE BIGGEST FAILURE OF HIS LIFE... 463 00:33:52,856 --> 00:33:55,156 WINSTON CHURCHILL. 464 00:33:55,207 --> 00:33:57,117 - CHURCHILL TOOK RESPONSIBILITY 465 00:33:57,165 --> 00:34:01,075 FOR EVERYTHING HE EVER DID IN HIS LIFE. 466 00:34:01,126 --> 00:34:03,126 HE NEVER PASSED THE BUCK. 467 00:34:03,171 --> 00:34:06,571 HE WAS HUMBLED, HUMILIATED BY GALLIPOLI, 468 00:34:06,609 --> 00:34:08,129 AND HE HAD TO DO SOMETHING, 469 00:34:08,176 --> 00:34:10,306 AND HE PUT HIMSELF IN HARM'S WAY 470 00:34:10,352 --> 00:34:13,092 AND VOLUNTEERED TO GO TO THE TRENCHES. 471 00:34:13,138 --> 00:34:14,488 IT WAS A VERY DANGEROUS THING TO DO. 472 00:34:14,530 --> 00:34:17,270 [explosion] 473 00:34:17,316 --> 00:34:19,006 - MOVE! GO! 474 00:34:19,057 --> 00:34:20,837 [explosions, gunfire] 475 00:34:23,322 --> 00:34:25,242 - SIR, 476 00:34:25,280 --> 00:34:27,670 2ND PLATOON LOST THIS MAIN TRENCH. 477 00:34:27,717 --> 00:34:29,977 - GET ME THE MORTAR TEAM FROM THE WEST RESERVE NOW. 478 00:34:49,739 --> 00:34:52,349 - YOU GET THE HELL SCARED OUT OF YOU FIRST OF ALL. 479 00:34:52,394 --> 00:34:56,144 THE FIRST TIME I GOT SHOT AT, UM, WAS, 480 00:34:56,181 --> 00:34:58,571 "HEY, THIS ISN'T A GAME. 481 00:34:58,618 --> 00:35:00,488 "THIS GUY REALLY MISSED ME, 482 00:35:00,533 --> 00:35:01,973 "AND HE KILLED SOMEBODY ELSE. 483 00:35:02,012 --> 00:35:03,802 BUT TOMORROW HE'LL TRY TO KILL ME." 484 00:35:03,840 --> 00:35:04,890 [gunshot] 485 00:35:04,928 --> 00:35:06,148 AS WE SAY IN THE MILITARY, 486 00:35:06,191 --> 00:35:08,191 THAT OPENS YOUR NOSTRILS. 487 00:35:14,721 --> 00:35:17,161 narrator: WITH BRITISH CASUALTIES ESCALATING, 488 00:35:17,202 --> 00:35:20,862 CHURCHILL IS QUICKLY PROMOTED 489 00:35:20,901 --> 00:35:23,381 AND DISCOVERS HE HAS WHAT IT TAKES 490 00:35:23,425 --> 00:35:25,165 TO LEAD MEN INTO BATTLE. 491 00:35:29,779 --> 00:35:32,219 FOR A MAN OF CHURCHILL'S AMBITION, 492 00:35:32,260 --> 00:35:35,000 IT'S THE FIRST STEP TOWARDS REDEMPTION. 493 00:35:37,874 --> 00:35:40,364 - IN HIS HEART, WHAT CHURCHILL ALWAYS WANTED TO BE 494 00:35:40,399 --> 00:35:42,099 WAS THE GREAT WARRIOR, THE GREAT HERO. 495 00:35:44,968 --> 00:35:49,538 HERE HE WAS COMMANDING A MERE 800 MEN, 496 00:35:49,582 --> 00:35:51,632 WHEREAS HE DREAMED OF DIRECTING 497 00:35:51,671 --> 00:35:53,631 THE BATTLE DESTINIES OF MILLIONS. 498 00:36:12,692 --> 00:36:15,132 narrator: THE FIGHT SEEMS UNENDING... 499 00:36:15,173 --> 00:36:18,223 - MAIL! 500 00:36:18,263 --> 00:36:22,573 narrator: UNTIL GERMANY UNLEASHES A SECRET WEAPON. 501 00:36:22,615 --> 00:36:24,965 - INCOMING! 502 00:36:25,008 --> 00:36:28,228 [explosion, gas hissing] 503 00:36:28,273 --> 00:36:29,453 - GAS! 504 00:36:29,491 --> 00:36:32,151 - MOVE! MOVE! 505 00:36:32,190 --> 00:36:33,970 - OUT OF THE WAY! 506 00:36:34,017 --> 00:36:35,147 - GO! 507 00:36:35,193 --> 00:36:37,333 [all coughing] 508 00:36:37,369 --> 00:36:40,149 - GO, GO, GO, GO! 509 00:36:40,198 --> 00:36:42,978 [all coughing] 510 00:37:12,360 --> 00:37:15,540 HAS BECOME THE BLOODIEST WAR IN HUMAN HISTORY. 511 00:37:15,581 --> 00:37:17,541 BY 1917, 512 00:37:17,583 --> 00:37:22,203 NEARLY 7 MILLION BRITISH, FRENCH, AND GERMAN SOLDIERS 513 00:37:22,240 --> 00:37:26,510 - GAS! 514 00:37:26,548 --> 00:37:29,248 [all coughing] 515 00:37:31,379 --> 00:37:32,899 - IT WAS A WAR OF ATTRITION. 516 00:37:32,946 --> 00:37:35,336 YOU HAD TO KILL AS MANY OF THE ENEMY AS YOU COULD 517 00:37:35,383 --> 00:37:37,603 SO YOU COULD POSSIBLY ADVANCE. 518 00:37:37,646 --> 00:37:39,386 CHEMICAL WARFARE JUST ENABLED THAT 519 00:37:39,431 --> 00:37:44,651 IN A VERY HORRIFIC WAY. 520 00:37:44,697 --> 00:37:47,787 FOR A WAY TO ALTER THE COURSE OF THE WAR. 521 00:37:47,830 --> 00:37:49,750 SO THEY LOOK TO THE ONE COUNTRY 522 00:37:49,789 --> 00:37:52,529 THAT COULD FINALLY TIP THE SCALES IN THEIR FAVOR. 523 00:38:02,062 --> 00:38:05,412 UNTIL NOW, PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON 524 00:38:05,457 --> 00:38:09,067 HAS KEPT AMERICA OUT OF THE WAR. 525 00:38:09,112 --> 00:38:12,552 - WILSON RECOGNIZED THAT THE AMERICAN PEOPLE 526 00:38:12,594 --> 00:38:14,814 DID NOT WANT TO GET INVOLVED IN A WAR, 527 00:38:14,857 --> 00:38:17,687 PARTICULARLY IF IT'S A WAR FAR AWAY INVOLVING PEOPLE 528 00:38:17,730 --> 00:38:21,170 AND FOR CAUSES THAT WE HAD NOTHING TO DO WITH. 529 00:38:21,211 --> 00:38:23,911 FRANKLY, THE AMERICAN PEOPLE DID NOT SEE THEMSELVES 530 00:38:23,953 --> 00:38:26,743 AT IMMEDIATE RISK. 531 00:38:26,782 --> 00:38:29,612 narrator: BUT WITH HOSTILITIES ESCALATING, 532 00:38:29,655 --> 00:38:36,355 A PEACEFUL SOLUTION SEEMS LESS AND LESS LIKELY, 533 00:38:36,401 --> 00:38:38,661 TO BEGIN PREPARING MILITARY FORCES. 534 00:38:41,536 --> 00:38:47,106 AMONG THEM IS THE 35-YEAR-OLD ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE NAVY 535 00:38:47,150 --> 00:38:49,200 FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT. 536 00:38:49,239 --> 00:38:51,369 - MR. PRESIDENT, I RECOMMEND AN IMMEDIATE ALLOCATION 537 00:38:51,416 --> 00:38:53,456 OF MORE FUNDS TO OUR NAVAL RESOURCES 538 00:38:53,505 --> 00:38:56,935 IF WE WANT TO MAINTAIN MILITARY PREPAREDNESS. 539 00:38:56,986 --> 00:39:01,726 - WILSON FOUND HIMSELF BEING DRAWN CLOSER AND CLOSER TO WAR. 540 00:39:01,774 --> 00:39:03,434 IN THE SPRING OF 1915, 541 00:39:03,471 --> 00:39:05,521 THE BRITISH LINER THE LUSITANIAWAS SUNK, 542 00:39:05,560 --> 00:39:07,560 AND ON BOARD WERE OVER A HUNDRED AMERICANS. 543 00:39:07,606 --> 00:39:09,426 NOW, THIS WAS A BIG DEAL. 544 00:39:09,477 --> 00:39:11,777 UNTIL THIS TIME, IT HAD BEEN A EUROPEAN WAR. 545 00:39:11,827 --> 00:39:13,387 BUT NOW IN THIS EUROPEAN WAR, 546 00:39:13,438 --> 00:39:16,178 AMERICANS WERE GETTING KILLED. 547 00:39:16,223 --> 00:39:19,493 narrator: AMERICAN RESENTMENT GROWS AGAINST GERMANY, 548 00:39:19,531 --> 00:39:23,581 AND ON FEBRUARY 26, 1917, 549 00:39:23,622 --> 00:39:27,022 IT TO FINALLY REACHES A BOILING POINT. 550 00:39:27,060 --> 00:39:29,370 - MR. PRESIDENT, I THINK YOU SHOULD LOOK AT THIS RIGHT AWAY. 551 00:39:39,986 --> 00:39:41,506 narrator: GREAT BRITAIN INTERCEPTS 552 00:39:41,553 --> 00:39:44,563 A SECRET TELEGRAM FROM GERMANY 553 00:39:44,599 --> 00:39:47,429 INTENDED FOR THE MEXICAN GOVERNMENT 554 00:39:47,472 --> 00:39:50,132 CONTAINING A SHOCKING PROPOSAL. 555 00:39:51,998 --> 00:39:53,998 THE GERMANS ARE OFFERING TO FUND 556 00:39:54,043 --> 00:39:57,403 A MEXICAN INVASION OF THE UNITED STATES 557 00:39:57,438 --> 00:40:01,178 THAT WOULD ALLOW THE COUNTRY TO RECLAIM THE BORDER STATES 558 00:40:01,224 --> 00:40:04,974 OF ARIZONA, NEW MEXICO, AND TEXAS. 559 00:40:07,056 --> 00:40:07,576 - THE GERMAN PLOY WAS, 560 00:40:07,622 --> 00:40:08,932 GERMAN PLOY WAS, 561 00:40:08,971 --> 00:40:14,721 PREOCCUPY AMERICA WITH A WAR WITH MEXICO, 562 00:40:14,760 --> 00:40:17,070 WELL, THIS INCENSED A LOT OF AMERICANS, 563 00:40:17,110 --> 00:40:19,590 AND RIGHTFULLY SO. 564 00:40:19,634 --> 00:40:21,464 narrator: THE U.S. GOVERNMENT RELEASES THE CONTENTS 565 00:40:21,506 --> 00:40:22,936 OF THE SECRET MESSAGE, 566 00:40:22,985 --> 00:40:24,805 AND ALMOST INSTANTLY, 567 00:40:24,857 --> 00:40:28,427 ANTI-GERMAN PROTESTS ERUPT ALL ACROSS AMERICA. 568 00:40:28,469 --> 00:40:29,989 - THE ZIMMERMANN TELEGRAM 569 00:40:30,036 --> 00:40:31,986 WAS ONE OF THE STUPIDEST THINGS 570 00:40:32,038 --> 00:40:33,648 THE GERMAN GOVERNMENT EVER DID. 571 00:40:33,692 --> 00:40:35,652 TEXAS DIDN'T CARE ABOUT THE WAR IN EUROPE. 572 00:40:35,694 --> 00:40:37,524 NOW ALL OF A SUDDEN, 573 00:40:37,565 --> 00:40:39,955 THE GERMANS ARE TRYING TO RETURN TEXAS TO MEXICO? 574 00:40:40,002 --> 00:40:41,612 ENOUGH WITH GERMANY. 575 00:40:41,656 --> 00:40:44,566 THEY NEED TO BE TAUGHT A LESSON. 576 00:40:44,616 --> 00:40:47,266 narrator: PRESIDENT WILSON SIGNS THE DECLARATION OF WAR 577 00:40:47,314 --> 00:40:50,544 IN APRIL OF 1917. 578 00:40:50,578 --> 00:40:53,488 GERMANY'S PLAN TO KEEP AMERICA OUT OF EUROPE 579 00:40:53,538 --> 00:40:55,368 COMPLETELY BACKFIRES. 580 00:40:57,759 --> 00:41:00,719 THE AMERICANS MAY FINALLY BE READY FOR WAR, 581 00:41:00,762 --> 00:41:02,762 BUT THEIR MILITARY ISN'T. 582 00:41:04,418 --> 00:41:06,898 THE U.S. HAS A STANDING ARMY 583 00:41:06,942 --> 00:41:08,992 OF ONLY 100,000 MEN 584 00:41:09,031 --> 00:41:13,781 WHILE THE GERMAN ARMY HAS 4 1/2 MILLION. 585 00:41:13,819 --> 00:41:19,829 THE UNITED STATES HURRIES TO BUILD ITS MILITARY, 586 00:41:19,868 --> 00:41:22,478 ARE RUSHED TO FRANCE 587 00:41:35,014 --> 00:41:36,714 GEORGE S. PATTON 588 00:41:36,755 --> 00:41:38,965 HAS BEEN PRESENTED WITH A HUGE CHALLENGE... 589 00:41:41,977 --> 00:41:46,897 TO COMMAND A BATTALION OF AMERICAN MEN 590 00:41:46,939 --> 00:41:49,159 USING THE LATEST FORM OF MILITARY INNOVATION... 591 00:41:58,037 --> 00:42:00,467 THE TANK. 592 00:42:06,654 --> 00:42:09,744 - SOME AMERICAN GENERALS WERE REALLY RESISTING THE TANK 593 00:42:09,788 --> 00:42:13,008 BECAUSE THEY DIDN'T WANT TO GET RID OF THE HORSE CAVALRY. 594 00:42:13,052 --> 00:42:16,272 GEORGE PATTON UNDERSTOOD THE POWER OF THE NEW TECHNOLOGY 595 00:42:16,316 --> 00:42:18,706 OF MOBILE AND ARMED WARFARE, 596 00:42:18,753 --> 00:42:20,543 AND HE INVESTED A LOT IN THAT. 597 00:42:26,152 --> 00:42:28,812 narrator: THE TANK IS ALREADY BEING USED ON THE WESTERN FRONT 598 00:42:28,850 --> 00:42:32,590 BUT WITH LITTLE SUCCESS. 599 00:42:32,637 --> 00:42:35,117 IT RUNS OUT OF GAS TOO QUICKLY, 600 00:42:35,161 --> 00:42:37,081 GETS STUCK IN THE MUD TOO EASILY, 601 00:42:37,119 --> 00:42:38,949 AND ITS SHEER SIZE 602 00:42:38,991 --> 00:42:40,381 MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO INCORPORATE 603 00:42:40,427 --> 00:42:43,337 IN MILITARY MANEUVERS. 604 00:42:43,386 --> 00:42:48,696 BUT WHERE OTHERS SEE AN INSURMOUNTABLE CHALLENGE, 605 00:42:48,740 --> 00:42:52,440 PATTON SEES A CHANCE TO PROVE THAT HIS TANKS 606 00:42:52,482 --> 00:42:56,362 CAN BREAK THE STALEMATE. 607 00:42:56,399 --> 00:42:59,319 - I THINK INNOVATION COMES BETWEEN THE EARS. 608 00:42:59,359 --> 00:43:01,319 IT'S NOT ABOUT THE GIZMO. 609 00:43:01,361 --> 00:43:04,061 IT'S ABOUT HOW YOU THINK ABOUT USING TECHNOLOGY AND SO FORTH. 610 00:43:04,103 --> 00:43:06,323 YOU HAVE TO GIVE CREDIT TO THE PEOPLE LIKE PATTON 611 00:43:06,366 --> 00:43:13,586 THAT EXPERIENCED WORLD WAR I 612 00:43:23,949 --> 00:43:25,909 narrator: PATTON KNOWS THE STAKES ARE HIGH. 613 00:43:25,951 --> 00:43:27,431 [explosion] 614 00:43:29,171 --> 00:43:33,181 BUT WITH HIS BATTALION OF TANKS, 615 00:43:33,219 --> 00:43:35,569 HE'S DETERMINED TO WIN THE WAR... 616 00:43:35,613 --> 00:43:36,923 [explosion] 617 00:43:36,962 --> 00:43:38,922 OR DIE TRYING. 618 00:43:46,711 --> 00:43:48,931 narrator: THE GLOBAL WAR RAGES IN EUROPE... 619 00:43:48,974 --> 00:43:53,854 [gunfire] 620 00:43:53,892 --> 00:43:58,462 AGAINST GERMANY AND THE CENTRAL POWERS 621 00:43:58,505 --> 00:44:00,725 IN THE SPRAWLING SYSTEM OF TRENCHES. 622 00:44:07,906 --> 00:44:10,386 - THINGS ARE UGLY IN WORLD WAR I. 623 00:44:10,430 --> 00:44:13,170 EUROPE WAS STAGGERED, EXHAUSTED, 624 00:44:13,215 --> 00:44:14,955 MANY CITIES IN RUBBLE. 625 00:44:15,000 --> 00:44:18,570 STARVATION AND DISEASE WERE WIDESPREAD. 626 00:44:18,612 --> 00:44:20,442 YOU KNOW, THE RED CROSS COULDN'T EVEN KEEP UP 627 00:44:20,483 --> 00:44:22,963 WITH WHAT WAS GOING ON. 628 00:44:23,008 --> 00:44:24,788 IF YOU WERE THE ALLIES IN EUROPE, 629 00:44:24,836 --> 00:44:28,926 YOU NEEDED THE REINFORCEMENTS-- 630 00:44:35,281 --> 00:44:39,291 THE ALLIES RECRUIT A NEW COUNTRY TO THEIR SIDE. 631 00:44:39,328 --> 00:44:42,548 FOLLOWING THEIR LONG-AWAITED ENTRY INTO THE WAR, 632 00:44:42,592 --> 00:44:44,942 AMERICA IS READY TO MAKE ITS PRESENCE FELT. 633 00:44:50,600 --> 00:44:52,860 THEIR FIRST MAJOR OFFENSIVE 634 00:44:52,907 --> 00:44:55,907 IS AN ATTACK ON THE WESTERN FRONT 635 00:44:55,954 --> 00:44:57,834 HOPING TO FORCE THE CENTRAL POWERS 636 00:44:57,869 --> 00:44:59,039 OUT OF THEIR TRENCHES 637 00:44:59,087 --> 00:45:00,917 AND DRIVE THEM OUT OF FRANCE. 638 00:45:03,004 --> 00:45:06,014 THEY'RE ARMED WITH A SECRET WEAPON OF THEIR OWN: 639 00:45:06,051 --> 00:45:09,361 A BATTALION OF LIGHTWEIGHT TANKS 640 00:45:09,402 --> 00:45:12,012 UNDER THE COMMAND OF COLONEL GEORGE S. PATTON. 641 00:45:12,057 --> 00:45:13,487 - IN A COLUMN. 642 00:45:13,536 --> 00:45:15,016 WE'RE GONNA GO DOWN THE MAIN ROAD. 643 00:45:15,060 --> 00:45:16,450 DON'T LET ANYONE KNOW WE'RE COMING. 644 00:45:16,496 --> 00:45:19,586 WE MOVE AT DAWN. - YES, SIR! 645 00:45:19,629 --> 00:45:21,759 - PATTON IS TESTING HIS NEW STRATEGY. 646 00:45:21,806 --> 00:45:24,936 HE'S LEADING THIS NEW FORM OF WEAPONRY, THE TANK. 647 00:45:24,983 --> 00:45:27,513 SO IT'S AN IMPORTANT BATTLE FOR HIM 648 00:45:27,550 --> 00:45:30,770 TO PROVE THAT TANKS ARE VALUABLE ON THE BATTLEFIELD 649 00:45:30,815 --> 00:45:34,815 AND ALSO TO ESTABLISH HIMSELF AS AN IMPORTANT MILITARY LEADER. 650 00:45:36,559 --> 00:45:38,389 narrator: FOR PATTON, 651 00:45:38,431 --> 00:45:41,561 EVERYTHING IN HIS CAREER HAS LED UP TO THIS MOMENT. 652 00:45:41,608 --> 00:45:44,048 - GEORGE PATTON HAD GROWN UP TO BE A SOLDIER. 653 00:45:44,089 --> 00:45:47,349 IT WAS HIS IDENTITY. 654 00:45:47,396 --> 00:45:51,096 AND SO IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR, HE IS IN HIS ELEMENT. 655 00:45:56,754 --> 00:45:58,634 [engines roaring] 656 00:46:01,671 --> 00:46:03,591 [distant explosions] 657 00:46:07,460 --> 00:46:10,460 narrator: THE NIGHT BEFORE THE PLANNED INVASION, 658 00:46:10,506 --> 00:46:13,676 PATTON CAN'T SLEEP. 659 00:46:13,727 --> 00:46:16,597 TANKS ARE STILL UNPROVEN IN WARFARE, 660 00:46:16,643 --> 00:46:19,433 AND PATTON KNOWS HE CAN'T LEAVE ANYTHING TO CHANCE. 661 00:46:35,053 --> 00:46:39,363 [explosion, flare hissing] 662 00:46:39,405 --> 00:46:43,315 HE SLIPS OUT OF THE TRENCHES TOTALLY UNPROTECTED, 663 00:46:43,365 --> 00:46:46,715 DEEP INTO THE HEART OF NO-MAN'S-LAND. 664 00:46:46,760 --> 00:46:49,330 HE'S SCOUTING A ROUTE 665 00:46:49,371 --> 00:46:51,851 TO ENSURE HIS MACHINES WON'T GET STUCK IN THE MUD. 666 00:46:56,770 --> 00:47:01,080 - I THINK WHEN YOU LOOK AT SOMEONE LIKE GEORGE PATTON, 667 00:47:01,122 --> 00:47:07,262 BUT I THINK THE BEST THING HE DID WAS, 668 00:47:07,302 --> 00:47:10,832 GEORGE PATTON'S TENDENCY WAS FOR ACTION. 669 00:47:10,871 --> 00:47:12,611 BECAUSE HE WAS AGGRESSIVE, 670 00:47:12,655 --> 00:47:13,915 FOR HIM IT WORKED VERY, VERY WELL. 671 00:47:31,587 --> 00:47:35,417 narrator: ON SEPTEMBER 12, 1918, 672 00:47:35,461 --> 00:47:37,681 PATTON AND HIS FORCES SWEEP ONTO THE BATTLEFIELD 673 00:47:37,724 --> 00:47:40,684 FROM EVERY ANGLE... 674 00:47:40,727 --> 00:47:43,597 [explosions, gunfire] 675 00:47:48,648 --> 00:47:51,258 AND THE GERMANS HIT BACK WITH EVERYTHING THEY'VE GOT. 676 00:47:59,833 --> 00:48:02,313 BUT ALL OF PATTON'S INTELLIGENCE IS PAYING OFF... 677 00:48:05,708 --> 00:48:08,668 AND HIS TANK BRIGADE BEGINS TO BREAK DOWN THE GERMAN LINE. 678 00:48:26,207 --> 00:48:27,507 - SOLDIER! 679 00:48:27,556 --> 00:48:29,946 GET ON THE LEFT FLANK NOW! - YES, SIR. 680 00:48:29,994 --> 00:48:31,524 - GENERAL, CHARLIE COMPANY'S ADVANCING. 681 00:48:31,560 --> 00:48:33,300 - TAKE POSITION ON THE RIDGE. - YES, SIR. 682 00:48:33,345 --> 00:48:35,165 - KEEP MOVING! KEEP MOVING! 683 00:48:39,568 --> 00:48:40,958 - LIEUTENANT GEORGE S. PATTON, 684 00:48:41,005 --> 00:48:42,345 1ST TANK BRIGADE. 685 00:48:42,397 --> 00:48:44,697 - BRIGADIER GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR, 686 00:48:44,747 --> 00:48:47,357 42ND INFANTRY. 687 00:48:47,402 --> 00:48:49,972 - GENERAL, SIR, THEY NEED YOU ON THE FRONT. 688 00:48:50,014 --> 00:48:51,454 - ALL RIGHT, BOYS! 689 00:48:51,493 --> 00:48:53,063 LET'S MOVE UP! 690 00:48:53,104 --> 00:48:54,634 - PATTON AND MACARTHUR. 691 00:48:54,670 --> 00:48:56,590 HERE THEY ARE IN SAINT-MIHIEL, 692 00:48:56,629 --> 00:48:58,809 AND THEY MEET ON THE BATTLEFIELD FOR THE FIRST TIME 693 00:48:58,848 --> 00:49:02,588 IN THE MIDST OF ARTILLERY SHELLS ALL AROUND THEM. 694 00:49:02,635 --> 00:49:04,415 YOU HAVE THESE TWO MEN 695 00:49:04,463 --> 00:49:06,733 WHO ARE GOING TO PLAY SUCH AN IMPORTANT ROLE 696 00:49:06,769 --> 00:49:10,429 IN SHAPING THE FUTURE OF THE 20TH CENTURY, 697 00:49:10,469 --> 00:49:13,299 AND THEY HAVE NO IDEA WHAT HISTORY HAS IN STORE FOR THEM. 698 00:49:17,737 --> 00:49:22,347 narrator: MACARTHUR IS FROM A LONG LINE OF MILITARY MEN. 699 00:49:22,394 --> 00:49:25,224 HIS FATHER WAS AWARDED THE CONGRESSIONAL MEDAL OF HONOR 700 00:49:25,266 --> 00:49:27,916 IN THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR. 701 00:49:27,965 --> 00:49:31,445 NO LESS IS EXPECTED OF HIS SON. 702 00:49:31,490 --> 00:49:34,320 - DOUGLAS MACARTHUR WOULD LEAD ATTACKS 703 00:49:34,362 --> 00:49:38,542 WALKING OUT INTO NO-MAN'S-LAND WITH A SWAGGER. 704 00:49:38,584 --> 00:49:41,724 HE WAS EMBODIED WITH NOT ONLY TREMENDOUS ABILITY 705 00:49:41,761 --> 00:49:43,421 BUT ALSO TREMENDOUS SELF-CONFIDENCE. 706 00:49:43,458 --> 00:49:44,848 - WATCH THE RIGHT FLANK! 707 00:49:44,894 --> 00:49:46,984 - FROM AN EARLY AGE, 708 00:49:47,027 --> 00:49:49,637 HE WAS DIFFERENT. 709 00:49:49,682 --> 00:49:53,432 HE WAS SPECIAL. 710 00:49:53,468 --> 00:49:54,688 BUT HE MAY HAVE THOUGHT HE WAS. 711 00:49:59,953 --> 00:50:01,823 narrator: THE TWO WEST POINT GRADUATES 712 00:50:01,868 --> 00:50:05,518 WILL BE ALLIES AND RIVALS FOR DECADES. 713 00:50:05,567 --> 00:50:07,307 - I DON'T THINK THERE'S ANY QUESTION 714 00:50:07,352 --> 00:50:11,492 THAT A LEADER WHO HAS EXPERIENCED WAR 715 00:50:11,530 --> 00:50:13,580 IF YOU'RE A MILITARY COMMANDER, 716 00:50:13,619 --> 00:50:15,229 THAT EXPERIENCE IS INVALUABLE. 717 00:50:17,405 --> 00:50:19,185 HOW YOU TRY TO ENSURE THAT 718 00:50:19,233 --> 00:50:21,453 IN THE MIDST OF ALL OF THAT CHAOS 719 00:50:21,496 --> 00:50:23,456 AND THE KILLING THAT'S GOING ON, 720 00:50:23,498 --> 00:50:25,198 THAT YOU KEEP YOUR EYE ON THE MISSION 721 00:50:25,239 --> 00:50:31,679 THAT HAS TO BE ACCOMPLISHED, 722 00:50:31,724 --> 00:50:35,424 [explosions, gunfire] 723 00:50:35,467 --> 00:50:39,647 narrator: THE TWO MEN LEAD THE ALLIES TO VICTORY 724 00:50:39,688 --> 00:50:41,258 AS THE GERMAN LINE CRUMBLES. 725 00:50:45,564 --> 00:50:47,964 AND FOR THE FIRST TIME, 726 00:50:48,001 --> 00:50:50,571 THE CENTRAL POWERS ARE ON THE RUN. 727 00:51:02,363 --> 00:51:07,723 JUST 240 MILES AWAY, 728 00:51:07,760 --> 00:51:12,420 TRANSFORMED ADOLF HITLER FROM A DIRECTIONLESS LONER 729 00:51:12,460 --> 00:51:14,810 TO A HARDENED SOLDIER. 730 00:51:14,854 --> 00:51:17,604 [gas hissing, indistinct shouting] 731 00:51:19,859 --> 00:51:23,429 HITLER HAS ESCAPED DEATH TWICE... 732 00:51:23,471 --> 00:51:27,171 - [shouting indistinctly] 733 00:51:29,564 --> 00:51:32,444 narrator: AND IT'S LEFT HIM A CHANGED MAN. 734 00:51:32,480 --> 00:51:33,790 - [coughing] 735 00:51:33,829 --> 00:51:37,179 [gasping] 736 00:51:54,763 --> 00:51:56,553 [gunshot] 737 00:51:56,591 --> 00:51:58,811 - HITLER DIDN'T FEEL AT THIS TIME 738 00:51:58,854 --> 00:52:00,034 DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR 739 00:52:00,073 --> 00:52:01,773 THAT HE WAS A MAN OF DESTINY AT ALL. 740 00:52:01,814 --> 00:52:03,644 [gunshot] 741 00:52:03,685 --> 00:52:05,555 WHAT HE DID FEEL WAS A SENSE OF BELONGING 742 00:52:05,600 --> 00:52:07,080 AND A SENSE OF COMMITMENT, 743 00:52:07,124 --> 00:52:10,394 AND THAT, I THINK, MADE HIM BRAVER 744 00:52:10,431 --> 00:52:11,821 THAN HE MIGHT OTHERWISE HAVE BEEN. 745 00:52:11,867 --> 00:52:14,997 HE FELT HE WAS FIGHTING IN A REALLY IMPORTANT CAUSE, 746 00:52:15,044 --> 00:52:15,834 THE CAUSE OF GERMANY. 747 00:52:15,871 --> 00:52:18,001 [gunshot] 748 00:52:18,047 --> 00:52:20,487 narrator: HITLER'S IDEOLOGY TAKES ROOT ON THE FRONT LINES. 749 00:52:22,748 --> 00:52:24,748 HE BEGINS TO BELIEVE IN GERMANY'S SUPERIORITY 750 00:52:24,793 --> 00:52:27,843 OVER THE ALLIES 751 00:52:27,883 --> 00:52:29,583 AND IS NOW CERTAIN HE CAN WITHSTAND 752 00:52:29,624 --> 00:52:31,844 ANYTHING THE ALLIED FORCES THROW HIS WAY. 753 00:52:34,586 --> 00:52:35,846 - GAS! 754 00:52:35,891 --> 00:52:38,761 [intense percussive music] 755 00:52:38,807 --> 00:52:43,197 ♪ 756 00:52:49,905 --> 00:52:53,515 narrator: THE GAS ATTACKS ARE ENDLESS. 757 00:52:53,561 --> 00:52:55,871 TO HITLER, THEY'VE BECOME ALMOST ROUTINE. 758 00:53:06,574 --> 00:53:08,884 BUT THIS TIME IT'S DIFFERENT. 759 00:53:14,103 --> 00:53:15,543 THE ALLIES HIT THE GERMANS 760 00:53:15,583 --> 00:53:19,463 WITH A DEADLY NEW FORM OF CHEMICAL WARFARE: 761 00:53:19,500 --> 00:53:25,550 MUSTARD GAS. 762 00:53:25,593 --> 00:53:29,823 AND ATTACKS BOTH THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND THE SKIN. 763 00:53:29,858 --> 00:53:32,168 - MUSTARD GAS AFFECTS THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. 764 00:53:32,209 --> 00:53:35,909 IT CREATES MUSTARD-COLORED BLISTERS ON THE SKIN. 765 00:53:35,951 --> 00:53:37,261 IT BLINDS PEOPLE. 766 00:53:37,301 --> 00:53:39,611 IT STRIPS AWAY THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES. 767 00:53:39,651 --> 00:53:43,221 IT'S INCREDIBLY PAINFUL AND DEBILITATING, 768 00:53:43,263 --> 00:53:45,183 AND SINCE IT HAD NO ODOR, 769 00:53:45,222 --> 00:53:47,182 BY THE TIME YOU REALIZED THAT YOU HAD INHALED IT, 770 00:53:47,224 --> 00:53:48,884 AND IT WAS ON YOUR SKIN, IT WAS TOO LATE. 771 00:54:00,889 --> 00:54:03,889 - [coughing] 772 00:54:46,979 --> 00:54:49,939 - [coughing] 773 00:54:57,990 --> 00:55:01,080 narrator: AFTER THREE YEARS OF BLOODY WAR, 774 00:55:01,123 --> 00:55:03,213 THE STALEMATE IN EUROPE HAS BEEN BROKEN. 775 00:55:06,477 --> 00:55:08,647 THE UNITED STATES HAS JOINED THE FIGHTING... 776 00:55:11,438 --> 00:55:13,308 GIVING ALLIED ARMIES A NEEDED BOOST... 777 00:55:15,312 --> 00:55:17,012 - FIRE! 778 00:55:17,052 --> 00:55:18,882 - PULL BACK! 779 00:55:18,924 --> 00:55:20,534 narrator: AND DRIVING THE GERMANS 780 00:55:20,578 --> 00:55:22,098 BACK TO THEIR ORIGINAL DEFENSIVE LINE 781 00:55:22,144 --> 00:55:25,284 IN NORTHERN FRANCE. 782 00:55:25,322 --> 00:55:27,982 BUT THE GERMAN ARMY REMAINS POWERFUL, 783 00:55:28,020 --> 00:55:30,630 MEANING THE ALLIES HAVE TO ACT FAST. 784 00:55:38,291 --> 00:55:41,251 [explosions] 785 00:55:46,908 --> 00:55:49,128 BRIGADIER GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR 786 00:55:49,171 --> 00:55:51,701 IS SEEKING EVERY TACTICAL ADVANTAGE. 787 00:55:55,961 --> 00:55:58,311 - MILITARY LEADERS ARE HUMAN BEINGS 788 00:55:58,355 --> 00:56:00,705 THAT ARE REMARKABLY DIFFERENT IN PERSONALITY AND BACKGROUND. 789 00:56:04,143 --> 00:56:06,323 SOMEONE CROSSES THE CONSTELLATION 790 00:56:06,363 --> 00:56:07,633 OF MILITARY LEADERS 791 00:56:07,668 --> 00:56:09,318 A LITTLE BIT LIKE A SHOOTING STAR, 792 00:56:09,366 --> 00:56:11,366 AND DOUGLAS MACARTHUR DID THAT. 793 00:56:14,283 --> 00:56:17,243 narrator: MACARTHUR LEARNS OF A SURVEILLANCE PHOTOGRAPH 794 00:56:17,286 --> 00:56:19,066 OF GERMAN TRENCHES ALONG THE WESTERN FRONT... 795 00:56:19,114 --> 00:56:21,034 [camera shutter clicking] 796 00:56:21,073 --> 00:56:25,083 THAT REVEALS AN UNDETECTED GAP IN THE GERMAN LINE. 797 00:56:29,124 --> 00:56:31,434 WHERE OTHERS SEE AN UNBREAKABLE DEFENSE, 798 00:56:31,475 --> 00:56:34,995 MACARTHUR KNOWS HE CAN EXPLOIT THAT WEAKNESS. 799 00:56:38,786 --> 00:56:41,436 - INTELLIGENCE IS ESSENTIAL, 800 00:56:41,485 --> 00:56:43,355 AND THE MORE YOU CAN GET, THE BETTER. 801 00:56:43,400 --> 00:56:45,140 BUT AT THE END OF THE DAY, 802 00:56:45,184 --> 00:56:47,584 IT'S YOUR INSTINCT AS A SENIOR PERSON. 803 00:56:47,621 --> 00:56:49,191 THE REASON WE'RE WEARING STARS 804 00:56:49,231 --> 00:56:51,191 OR HAVE THESE ELEVATED POSITIONS IS, 805 00:56:51,233 --> 00:56:53,113 WE HAVE DEMONSTRATED OVER THE YEARS 806 00:56:53,148 --> 00:56:57,328 OUR ABILITY TO HAVE AN INSTINCT THAT WORKS. 807 00:56:57,370 --> 00:56:58,630 narrator: MACARTHUR IS DETERMINED 808 00:56:58,676 --> 00:57:01,286 TO BREAK THROUGH THE LINE 809 00:57:01,330 --> 00:57:03,420 AND SURROUND THE GERMANS IN THEIR TRENCHES... 810 00:57:06,901 --> 00:57:09,121 SUPPORTED BY GEORGE S. PATTON 811 00:57:09,164 --> 00:57:11,174 AND HIS BATTALION OF TANKS. 812 00:57:16,520 --> 00:57:17,960 IN THE FALL OF 1918... 813 00:57:17,999 --> 00:57:20,389 - COME ON! COME ON! 814 00:57:20,437 --> 00:57:24,137 narrator: THE ALLIES LAUNCH AN ALL-OUT ATTACK 815 00:57:24,179 --> 00:57:25,439 IN WHAT WILL COME TO BE KNOWN... 816 00:57:25,485 --> 00:57:27,175 - FIRE! 817 00:57:27,226 --> 00:57:31,966 narrator: AS THE 100 DAYS OFFENSIVE. 818 00:57:32,013 --> 00:57:33,283 AND PATTON'S TANKS... 819 00:57:33,319 --> 00:57:34,889 - GET A MOVE--MOVE! MOVE! 820 00:57:34,929 --> 00:57:36,099 narrator: THE ALLIED ARMIES 821 00:57:36,148 --> 00:57:38,318 BECOME THE MOST DOMINANT FIGHTING FORCE 822 00:57:38,367 --> 00:57:40,017 THE WAR HAS EVER SEEN. 823 00:57:40,065 --> 00:57:41,495 - PRESS FORWARD! 824 00:57:44,286 --> 00:57:46,636 - BOTH OF 'EM HAD BIG EGOS, 825 00:57:46,680 --> 00:57:48,120 BUT THERE'S NO DOUBT THAT BOTH OF THEM 826 00:57:48,160 --> 00:57:49,250 WERE BRILLIANT ON THE BATTLEFIELD. 827 00:57:49,291 --> 00:57:51,161 - GO ON, KEEP ADVANCING! 828 00:57:51,206 --> 00:57:54,686 - MACARTHUR WAS AN EXTRAORDINARILY TALENTED 829 00:57:54,732 --> 00:57:56,342 AND EFFECTIVE MILITARY LEADER. 830 00:57:56,385 --> 00:57:58,165 - FIRE! 831 00:57:58,213 --> 00:58:00,133 - PATTON, FOR WHAT HE WAS ASKED TO DO, 832 00:58:00,172 --> 00:58:03,392 WHICH WAS TRYING TO BREAK OUT OF THE TRENCHES, 833 00:58:03,436 --> 00:58:05,126 THERE WAS PROBABLY NOBODY BETTER. 834 00:58:06,918 --> 00:58:08,008 - MOVE! MOVE! 835 00:58:08,049 --> 00:58:10,099 ON, COME ON! MOVE! 836 00:58:10,138 --> 00:58:13,228 [gunfire] 837 00:58:13,272 --> 00:58:14,492 - INCOMING! 838 00:58:14,534 --> 00:58:16,194 [explosion] 839 00:58:19,626 --> 00:58:23,106 - MOVE! MOVE! MOVE! 840 00:58:23,151 --> 00:58:25,981 [gunfire] 841 00:58:33,858 --> 00:58:35,508 narrator: THE ALLIES RELENTLESSLY ATTACK 842 00:58:35,555 --> 00:58:38,335 THE GERMAN LINE FROM EVERY DIRECTION. 843 00:58:41,996 --> 00:58:43,126 [gunshot] 844 00:58:45,304 --> 00:58:47,444 [gunshot] 845 00:58:47,480 --> 00:58:50,270 [explosions, gunfire] 846 00:58:54,008 --> 00:58:56,268 - MOVE! MOVE! MOVE! MOVE! 847 00:58:56,315 --> 00:58:57,575 COME ON! COME ON! 848 00:58:57,621 --> 00:58:59,881 LET'S GO! LET'S GO! LET'S GO! 849 00:58:59,927 --> 00:59:02,497 [dramatic orchestral music] 850 00:59:02,539 --> 00:59:04,319 narrator: AFTER MONTHS OF FIGHTING, 851 00:59:04,366 --> 00:59:06,536 THE ALLIES FINALLY BREAK THROUGH... 852 00:59:06,586 --> 00:59:09,676 [gunshot] 853 00:59:09,720 --> 00:59:12,550 PUTTING THE MIGHTY GERMAN ARMY ON THE RUN. 854 00:59:12,592 --> 00:59:14,072 [gunshot] 855 00:59:14,115 --> 00:59:15,855 [indistinct shouting] 856 00:59:15,900 --> 00:59:17,080 - [grunting] 857 00:59:18,685 --> 00:59:21,295 narrator: FINALLY, WITH NO OTHER OPTION, 858 00:59:21,340 --> 00:59:23,860 TENS OF THOUSANDS OF GERMAN SOLDIERS... 859 00:59:23,908 --> 00:59:26,038 - DO IT NOW! 860 00:59:26,084 --> 00:59:27,524 narrator: LAY DOWN THEIR GUNS... 861 00:59:27,564 --> 00:59:29,224 - HANDS UP! 862 00:59:29,261 --> 00:59:30,221 narrator: AND SURRENDER. 863 00:59:34,962 --> 00:59:36,622 - YOU LOOK AT THE GREAT LEADERS. 864 00:59:36,660 --> 00:59:38,620 THESE WERE MEN WHO UNDERSTOOD 865 00:59:38,662 --> 00:59:41,272 THE MOST IMPORTANT RESOURCE THEY HAD AVAILABLE TO THEM 866 00:59:41,316 --> 00:59:42,446 TO FIGHT A WAR-- 867 00:59:42,491 --> 00:59:44,061 NOT THE WEAPONS, NOT THE PLANES, 868 00:59:44,102 --> 00:59:45,542 NOT THE TANKS. 869 00:59:45,582 --> 00:59:48,632 IT'S THE SOLDIERS WHO GET IT DONE, 870 00:59:48,672 --> 00:59:50,982 AND LEADERSHIP IS ALL ABOUT INSPIRING YOUR SOLDIERS 871 00:59:51,022 --> 00:59:52,462 TO ACHIEVE A DECISIVE WIN. 872 01:00:00,422 --> 01:00:03,822 narrator: AFTER FOUR YEARS OF CONTINUOUS FIGHTING 873 01:00:03,861 --> 01:00:10,041 AND 37 MILLION CASUALTIES, 874 01:00:14,349 --> 01:00:22,229 - WHEN THE WORLD IS SHAKING AND REARRANGING ITSELF 875 01:00:22,270 --> 01:00:23,970 THERE ARE A WHOLE RANGE OF DIFFERENT EMOTIONS. 876 01:00:24,011 --> 01:00:25,711 THE FIRST IS EXHILARATION, 877 01:00:25,752 --> 01:00:27,282 A VERY PERSONAL FEELING, 878 01:00:27,319 --> 01:00:29,279 EXHILARATION AT BEING PART OF AN EVENT 879 01:00:29,321 --> 01:00:31,281 THAT IS CHANGING THE WORLD, 880 01:00:31,323 --> 01:00:33,283 AND THERE'S NEVER MUCH TIME TO LOOK BACK. 881 01:00:33,325 --> 01:00:35,625 THERE'S ALWAYS A LOT TO LOOK FORWARD TO. 882 01:00:41,507 --> 01:00:42,727 narrator: WHILE MOST OF THE WORLD 883 01:00:42,769 --> 01:00:46,769 CELEBRATES THE END OF THE FIGHTING, 884 01:00:46,817 --> 01:00:49,817 SOME DEEP IN THE HEART OF GERMANY 885 01:00:49,863 --> 01:00:52,393 REFUSE TO ACCEPT DEFEAT. 886 01:00:56,827 --> 01:00:59,697 - HITLER WAS WOUNDED IN THE GAS ATTACK 887 01:00:59,743 --> 01:01:02,353 AT VERY END OF THE WAR, 888 01:01:02,397 --> 01:01:05,707 AND HE WAS THEN HOSPITALIZED, TEMPORARILY BLINDED. 889 01:01:07,402 --> 01:01:10,012 - THAT OUR PEOPLE WILL BE LOSING THE WAR 890 01:01:10,057 --> 01:01:12,707 AGAINST THE WESTERN ARMIES... 891 01:01:15,236 --> 01:01:17,276 - WHILE HE WAS IN HOSPITAL, 892 01:01:17,325 --> 01:01:21,235 HE WAS THEN TOLD THAT GERMANY HAD LOST THE FIRST WORLD WAR, 893 01:01:21,286 --> 01:01:23,636 AND THAT'S A CRUCIAL TURNING POINT 894 01:01:23,680 --> 01:01:26,250 IN HITLER'S LIFE. 895 01:01:26,291 --> 01:01:28,031 - IN HITLER'S WORLDVIEW, 896 01:01:28,075 --> 01:01:33,115 IT WAS ALWAYS, UM, 897 01:01:33,167 --> 01:01:35,517 WIN OR TOTAL DEFEAT. 898 01:01:35,561 --> 01:01:39,351 FOR HIM, SURRENDER WAS SOMETHING UN-GERMAN. 899 01:01:39,391 --> 01:01:41,961 YOU ARE A COWARD, SOMEHOW, IF YOU SURRENDER. 900 01:01:42,002 --> 01:01:44,962 [tense music] 901 01:01:45,005 --> 01:01:57,575 ♪ 902 01:01:57,626 --> 01:02:00,056 - HITLER TOOK THE SURRENDER PERSONALLY... 903 01:02:02,980 --> 01:02:06,330 A PERSONAL DESTRUCTIVE BLOW TO HIMSELF. 904 01:02:08,637 --> 01:02:12,467 HE ALSO TOOK IT AS A MISSION, 905 01:02:12,511 --> 01:02:14,431 A MISSION IN LIFE 906 01:02:14,469 --> 01:02:18,299 TO AVENGE AND RECTIFY THE SURRENDER. 907 01:02:31,095 --> 01:02:35,355 narrator: AFTER FOUR LONG AND BLOODY YEARS 908 01:02:35,403 --> 01:02:39,543 AND 37 MILLION CASUALTIES, 909 01:02:39,581 --> 01:02:42,801 THE UNITED STATES AND THE ALLIES 910 01:02:42,846 --> 01:02:46,366 HAVE FINALLY CLAIMED VICTORY, 911 01:02:46,414 --> 01:02:59,344 FORCING GERMANY TO SURRENDER. 912 01:02:59,384 --> 01:03:01,824 BUT WHILE THE FIGHTING HAS STOPPED, 913 01:03:01,865 --> 01:03:04,255 THE PRESSURE IS NOW ON ALLIED LEADERS 914 01:03:04,302 --> 01:03:06,832 TO COME TO AN AGREEMENT 915 01:03:06,870 --> 01:03:09,090 PREVENTING WAR FROM EVER BREAKING OUT AGAIN. 916 01:03:12,397 --> 01:03:14,697 AS NEGOTIATIONS TO SECURE THE PEACE 917 01:03:14,747 --> 01:03:18,797 GET UNDERWAY IN FRANCE, 918 01:03:18,838 --> 01:03:22,188 MASSIVE CROWDS GREET THE WORLD LEADERS... 919 01:03:22,233 --> 01:03:25,803 [cheers and applause] 920 01:03:25,845 --> 01:03:28,145 INCLUDING UNITED STATES PRESIDENT 921 01:03:28,195 --> 01:03:30,145 WOODROW WILSON. 922 01:03:30,197 --> 01:03:33,507 - WOODROW WILSON WAS THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 923 01:03:33,548 --> 01:03:35,328 TO SPEND ANYWHERE NEAR SIX MONTHS 924 01:03:35,376 --> 01:03:37,066 OUTSIDE THIS COUNTRY, 925 01:03:37,117 --> 01:03:39,687 AND HE FELT THAT FOR HIM TO SEND ANYONE ELSE 926 01:03:39,728 --> 01:03:41,378 TO NEGOTIATE THE PEACE, 927 01:03:41,426 --> 01:03:43,776 IT WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN AS WELL DONE. 928 01:03:43,820 --> 01:03:47,300 WILSON SAID, "WHATEVER HAPPENS WITH THE SETTLEMENT OF THIS WAR, 929 01:03:47,345 --> 01:03:49,735 "IF IT GOES WELL, GIVE ME CREDIT. 930 01:03:49,782 --> 01:03:51,572 IF IT DOESN'T, BLAME ME." 931 01:03:58,095 --> 01:04:01,525 narrator: THE LEADERS GATHER AT THE PALACE OF VERSAILLES. 932 01:04:01,576 --> 01:04:06,316 BUT ONE COUNTRY NOT INVITED TO THE TABLE IS GERMANY. 933 01:04:06,364 --> 01:04:09,984 - GENTLEMEN, PLEASE, PLEASE SIT DOWN. 934 01:04:10,020 --> 01:04:13,200 IF WE CAN START BY CONSIDERING THE POINTS 935 01:04:13,240 --> 01:04:16,850 BEFORE WE DISCUSS ANY OF THE INDIVIDUAL IDEAS... 936 01:04:16,896 --> 01:04:18,806 - THE MAIN THING 937 01:04:18,855 --> 01:04:20,805 THAT WOODROW WILSON WANTED TO ACCOMPLISH AT VERSAILLES 938 01:04:20,857 --> 01:04:23,157 WAS DEFANGING GERMANY, 939 01:04:23,207 --> 01:04:27,207 NOT ALLOWING THEM TO DEVELOP A HUGE WAR MACHINE AGAIN. 940 01:04:27,254 --> 01:04:30,954 THIS WAS WHAT THE VICTORS ALL WANTED TO SEE HAPPEN. 941 01:04:30,997 --> 01:04:33,997 narrator: BUT AS NEGOTIATIONS GET UNDERWAY, 942 01:04:34,044 --> 01:04:35,874 WILSON QUICKLY REALIZES 943 01:04:35,915 --> 01:04:40,135 THAT EACH COUNTRY HAS COME TO THE TABLE 944 01:04:40,180 --> 01:04:43,530 - THERE WERE THESE NATIONAL LEADERS 945 01:04:43,575 --> 01:04:46,355 WHO HAD DIFFERENT VIEWS OF WHAT THEY WANTED 946 01:04:46,404 --> 01:04:49,414 OUT OF THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE. 947 01:04:49,450 --> 01:04:51,150 THEY HAD LED THEIR COUNTRIES 948 01:04:51,191 --> 01:04:55,501 THROUGH THIS BRUTAL, BLOODY, LONG WAR, 949 01:04:55,543 --> 01:04:57,423 AND WILSON WALTZES IN WITH THE AMERICANS 950 01:04:57,458 --> 01:04:58,938 JUST AT THE END. 951 01:04:58,982 --> 01:05:02,512 SO THEY HAD TO LISTEN TO HIM, 952 01:05:02,550 --> 01:05:05,950 AND WILSON COULD BE KIND OF PERSUASIVE-- 953 01:05:05,989 --> 01:05:08,209 BUT NOT THAT PERSUASIVE. 954 01:05:08,252 --> 01:05:10,912 narrator: AS NEGOTIATIONS DRAG ON FOR MONTHS, 955 01:05:10,950 --> 01:05:14,740 THE TALKS FALL APART, 956 01:05:14,780 --> 01:05:17,440 AND ONE ALLIED NATION 957 01:05:17,478 --> 01:05:21,088 FEELS COMPLETELY CUT OUT OF THE NEGOTIATIONS. 958 01:05:21,134 --> 01:05:25,444 JAPAN ENTERED THE WAR IN 1914, 959 01:05:25,486 --> 01:05:27,916 CONTRIBUTING THOUSANDS OF TROOPS 960 01:05:27,967 --> 01:05:30,007 AND MILLIONS OF DOLLARS TO THE WAR EFFORT. 961 01:05:32,929 --> 01:05:35,409 THEY COME TO VERSAILLES WITH ONE GOAL: 962 01:05:35,453 --> 01:05:37,413 TO BE TREATED EQUALLY. 963 01:05:37,455 --> 01:05:40,275 BUT ALLIED LEADERS COMPLETELY IGNORE JAPAN 964 01:05:40,327 --> 01:05:43,067 THROUGHOUT THE PROCEEDINGS, 965 01:05:43,113 --> 01:05:44,683 AND FOR JAPAN, 966 01:05:44,723 --> 01:05:46,993 IT'S THE ULTIMATE INSULT. 967 01:05:47,030 --> 01:05:51,860 - THE JAPANESE, WHO'D BEEN ON THE WINNING SIDE, 968 01:05:51,904 --> 01:05:56,434 SO THE JAPANESE BECAME ALIENATED 969 01:05:56,474 --> 01:06:00,964 FROM THE UNITED STATES AND FROM THE WESTERN POWERS, 970 01:06:01,000 --> 01:06:04,000 AND IT WAS A FAIRLY STRAIGHT LINE FROM THERE 971 01:06:04,047 --> 01:06:06,087 TO THE BELIEF THAT, 972 01:06:06,136 --> 01:06:10,746 "IF WE'RE GONNA GET ANY RESPECT, 973 01:06:18,409 --> 01:06:19,979 narrator: THE ATTENTION SHIFTS 974 01:06:20,019 --> 01:06:23,109 FROM WILSON'S PLAN FOR A LASTING PEACE 975 01:06:23,153 --> 01:06:27,033 TO A PLAN FOCUSED ON PUNISHING GERMANY, 976 01:06:27,070 --> 01:06:28,420 FORCING THEM TO PAY 977 01:06:28,462 --> 01:06:31,122 FOR THE DEVASTATION THEY'VE CAUSED. 978 01:06:31,161 --> 01:06:33,991 - THE REPARATIONS THAT WERE DEMANDED OF GERMANY 979 01:06:34,033 --> 01:06:36,343 WERE ASTRONOMICAL. 980 01:06:36,383 --> 01:06:38,343 IT WAS A MATTER OF, 981 01:06:38,385 --> 01:06:40,335 "WE'RE GONNA SQUEEZE AS MUCH OUT OF GERMANY AS WE CAN." 982 01:06:40,387 --> 01:06:42,517 WELL, THERE WERE SOME ON THE AMERICAN SIDE 983 01:06:42,563 --> 01:06:47,053 WHO SAID, "WE ARE MAKING THE NEXT WAR INEVITABLE." 984 01:06:47,090 --> 01:06:49,050 WILSON WORKED AGAINST THAT. 985 01:06:49,092 --> 01:06:53,662 WILSON WANTED A SOMEWHAT MORE REASONABLE PEACE, 986 01:06:53,705 --> 01:06:57,925 AND HE WANTED THE GERMANS TO FEEL THAT THEY HAD A STAKE 987 01:06:57,970 --> 01:07:01,540 IN THE CONTINUATION OF THE VERSAILLES SYSTEM. 988 01:07:01,582 --> 01:07:04,892 THE PROBLEM WITH THE TREATY AS IT WAS FINALIZED WAS, 989 01:07:04,933 --> 01:07:07,243 GERMANY HAD NO STAKE IN THAT SYSTEM. 990 01:07:07,284 --> 01:07:10,424 IT HAD EVERY INTEREST IN OVERTURNING THE SYSTEM. 991 01:07:10,461 --> 01:07:12,421 narrator: DESPITE WILSON'S BEST EFFORTS, 992 01:07:12,463 --> 01:07:14,643 HE IS UNABLE TO CONVINCE THE OTHER ALLIES 993 01:07:14,682 --> 01:07:16,422 TO BUY INTO HIS PLAN FOR PEACE. 994 01:07:19,296 --> 01:07:22,556 AFTER SIX MONTHS OF INTENSE NEGOTIATIONS, 995 01:07:22,603 --> 01:07:25,003 THE ALLIES FINALLY HAVE A TREATY. 996 01:07:27,608 --> 01:07:29,088 BUT THE FINAL AGREEMENT 997 01:07:29,132 --> 01:07:32,052 IS FAR FROM THE FAIR AND EQUITABLE PLAN 998 01:07:32,091 --> 01:07:34,661 WILSON HAD ORIGINALLY HOPED FOR. 999 01:07:34,702 --> 01:07:37,102 - THE LOSERS, GERMANY PRINCIPALLY, 1000 01:07:37,140 --> 01:07:38,100 THEY WERE THERE. 1001 01:07:38,141 --> 01:07:39,971 THEY DIDN'T GET TO SPEAK. 1002 01:07:40,012 --> 01:07:41,882 THEY WEREN'T ASKED TO CONTRIBUTE. 1003 01:07:41,927 --> 01:07:44,097 THEY WERE BASICALLY-- 1004 01:07:44,147 --> 01:07:46,537 THEY HAD A GUN PUT AT THEIR HEADS FIGURATIVELY-- 1005 01:07:46,584 --> 01:07:48,334 ALMOST LITERALLY-- 1006 01:07:48,368 --> 01:07:50,198 AND SAID, "YOU'RE GONNA SIGN ON THE DOTTED LINE." 1007 01:07:50,240 --> 01:07:52,500 IT WAS VERY MUCH A VICTOR'S PEACE. 1008 01:07:52,546 --> 01:07:55,196 THE VICTORS DICTATED THE TERMS OF THE PEACE. 1009 01:07:55,245 --> 01:07:57,455 THEY MADE OUT LIKE BANDITS. 1010 01:08:05,298 --> 01:08:08,388 narrator: EUROPE IS FINALLY AT PEACE. 1011 01:08:08,432 --> 01:08:11,652 BUT WHILE MOST OF THE WORLD CELEBRATES, 1012 01:08:11,696 --> 01:08:16,176 GERMANY IS ORDERED TO PAY THE ALLIES 1013 01:08:16,222 --> 01:08:20,012 THE MODERN EQUIVALENT OF NEARLY $1/2 TRILLION, 1014 01:08:20,052 --> 01:08:23,402 A DEBT THEY WON'T PAY OFF UNTIL 2010. 1015 01:08:23,447 --> 01:08:25,927 AS A RESULT, 1016 01:08:25,971 --> 01:08:28,021 THE GOVERNMENT QUICKLY GOES BANKRUPT, 1017 01:08:28,060 --> 01:08:29,840 LEAVING MILLIONS OF GERMANS IMPOVERISHED. 1018 01:08:34,893 --> 01:08:36,463 THE ECONOMIC DEVASTATION 1019 01:08:36,503 --> 01:08:39,993 COMPLETELY TRANSFORMS THE COUNTRY AND ITS PEOPLE. 1020 01:08:42,379 --> 01:08:44,469 - GERMANY IMMEDIATELY IS STRUGGLING 1021 01:08:44,511 --> 01:08:46,171 WITH A QUESTION OF SURVIVAL. 1022 01:08:46,209 --> 01:08:47,559 FOR ORDINARY GERMANS, 1023 01:08:47,601 --> 01:08:52,391 THE WAR DID NOT END IN NOVEMBER 1918. 1024 01:08:52,432 --> 01:08:54,222 THE DAILY STRUGGLE FOR FOOD, 1025 01:08:54,260 --> 01:08:56,220 THE EFFORT TO FIND SHOES AND CLOTHING 1026 01:08:56,262 --> 01:08:58,182 STRETCHED ON INTO THE 1920s. 1027 01:09:00,614 --> 01:09:03,624 narrator: AS THE ANGER AND STARVATION SPREAD, 1028 01:09:03,661 --> 01:09:05,581 TENSIONS RISE THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. 1029 01:09:05,619 --> 01:09:07,709 [indistinct shouting] 1030 01:09:07,752 --> 01:09:11,322 - GERMANY IS IN A STATE OF NEAR CIVIL WAR. 1031 01:09:11,364 --> 01:09:12,764 THE LEFT AND THE RIGHT 1032 01:09:12,800 --> 01:09:14,630 ARE FIGHTING WITH EACH OTHER IN THE STREETS. 1033 01:09:14,672 --> 01:09:16,672 PARAMILITARY GROUPS CLASH. 1034 01:09:16,717 --> 01:09:20,027 GERMANY IS A COUNTRY DIVIDED AGAINST ITSELF. 1035 01:09:24,072 --> 01:09:28,212 - WHEN WORLD WAR I CAME TO AN END, 1036 01:09:28,251 --> 01:09:30,641 THIS IS NOT A TREATY. 1037 01:09:30,688 --> 01:09:33,998 THIS IS AN ARMISTICE THAT'LL PROBABLY LAST 20 YEARS... 1038 01:09:37,782 --> 01:09:43,742 MEANING WE HAVE NOT REALLY DEFEATED THE GERMAN SPIRIT. 1039 01:09:43,788 --> 01:09:46,618 WE HAVE NOT REALLY SOLVED THIS PROBLEM. 1040 01:09:58,542 --> 01:10:02,072 narrator: WITH THE FIGHTING STOPPED, 1041 01:10:02,110 --> 01:10:04,590 THE TREATY FOR PEACE IS SIGNED AT VERSAILLES. 1042 01:10:06,724 --> 01:10:08,944 [cheers and applause] 1043 01:10:08,987 --> 01:10:12,157 AND FOR THE FIRST TIME IN OVER FOUR YEARS, 1044 01:10:12,208 --> 01:10:15,818 EUROPE IS AT PEACE. 1045 01:10:15,863 --> 01:10:19,353 WHILE CELEBRATIONS ERUPT AROUND THE WORLD, 1046 01:10:19,389 --> 01:10:22,779 GERMANY IS IN A STATE OF UNREST, 1047 01:10:22,827 --> 01:10:25,787 AND MANY ARE CONVINCED THAT THE PEACE WON'T HOLD. 1048 01:10:34,012 --> 01:10:37,102 AMONG THEM IS WINSTON CHURCHILL. 1049 01:10:39,800 --> 01:10:42,800 HAVING JUST RETURNED TO ENGLAND FROM THE FRONT LINES, 1050 01:10:42,847 --> 01:10:46,717 HE SETS OUT TO REESTABLISH HIS POLITICAL CAREER, 1051 01:10:46,764 --> 01:10:50,864 NARROWLY WINNING REELECTION TO HIS OLD SEAT IN PARLIAMENT. 1052 01:10:50,898 --> 01:10:52,858 - THERE WERE A LOT OF DOUBTS ABOUT CHURCHILL. 1053 01:10:52,900 --> 01:10:55,900 HE SEEMED ERRATIC IN HIS JUDGMENTS. 1054 01:10:55,947 --> 01:10:58,687 HIS DECISION IN RESPECT TO THE GALLIPOLI CAMPAIGN 1055 01:10:58,732 --> 01:11:02,132 HAD DISASTROUS CONSEQUENCES. 1056 01:11:02,170 --> 01:11:05,780 BUT IT WAS IN WAR THAT HE PROVED HIS LEADERSHIP CREDENTIALS, 1057 01:11:05,826 --> 01:11:09,736 AND THAT'S WHAT TRANSFORMED HIM. 1058 01:11:09,787 --> 01:11:11,567 narrator: CHURCHILL RETURNS TO GOVERNMENT 1059 01:11:11,615 --> 01:11:14,485 CONVINCED THE GERMAN THREAT HASN'T GONE AWAY. 1060 01:11:18,404 --> 01:11:21,544 [whistle blowing intermittently] 1061 01:11:21,581 --> 01:11:24,281 AFTER LEADING HIS TROOPS TO VICTORY IN FRANCE, 1062 01:11:24,323 --> 01:11:26,243 BRIGADIER GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR 1063 01:11:26,282 --> 01:11:28,112 IS GIVEN ONE OF THE MOST PRESTIGIOUS POSITIONS 1064 01:11:28,153 --> 01:11:29,153 IN THE ARMED FORCES... 1065 01:11:29,197 --> 01:11:30,937 - WILL YOU BE LATE AGAIN? 1066 01:11:30,982 --> 01:11:35,642 - NO, SIR! 1067 01:11:35,682 --> 01:11:37,822 WHERE HE IMMEDIATELY GETS TO WORK 1068 01:11:37,858 --> 01:11:39,858 PREPARING AMERICAN SOLDIERS FOR COMBAT 1069 01:11:39,904 --> 01:11:41,734 IN CASE THE PEACE FAILS. 1070 01:11:46,040 --> 01:11:48,780 240 MILES AWAY 1071 01:11:48,826 --> 01:11:51,606 AT HIS TANK ACADEMY IN CAMP MEADE, MARYLAND, 1072 01:11:51,655 --> 01:11:53,435 COLONEL GEORGE S. PATTON... 1073 01:11:53,483 --> 01:11:54,883 - READY! 1074 01:11:54,919 --> 01:11:56,399 narrator: IS ALSO TRAINING 1075 01:11:56,442 --> 01:11:58,182 THE NEXT GENERATION OF AMERICAN SOLDIERS. 1076 01:11:58,226 --> 01:12:00,096 - AIM! 1077 01:12:00,141 --> 01:12:02,321 narrator: AND LIKE MACARTHUR, 1078 01:12:02,361 --> 01:12:05,971 HE'S BETTING THE CEASE-FIRE WON'T LAST. 1079 01:12:06,017 --> 01:12:08,187 [gunshots] 1080 01:12:08,236 --> 01:12:09,846 FIRE! [gunshots] 1081 01:12:09,890 --> 01:12:12,020 FIRE! 1082 01:12:12,066 --> 01:12:13,716 FIRE! [gunshots] 1083 01:12:15,809 --> 01:12:17,719 [bells tolling] 1084 01:12:17,768 --> 01:12:19,248 narrator: IN ITALY, 1085 01:12:19,291 --> 01:12:20,901 ONE MAN SEES THE END OF FIGHTING 1086 01:12:20,945 --> 01:12:24,725 AS AN OPPORTUNITY. 1087 01:12:24,775 --> 01:12:26,985 BENITO MUSSOLINI RETURNS TO HIS JOB 1088 01:12:27,038 --> 01:12:28,688 AS A NEWSPAPER JOURNALIST. 1089 01:12:28,735 --> 01:12:30,995 BUT THE COUNTRY HE FOUGHT TO PROTECT 1090 01:12:31,042 --> 01:12:33,962 IS NOW IN DISARRAY. 1091 01:12:34,001 --> 01:12:36,401 - THE ITALIANS CAME OUT OF THE WAR ON THE WINNING SIDE 1092 01:12:36,439 --> 01:12:40,049 BUT FAILED TO GAIN THE TERRITORY THEY HAD EXPECTED TO GAIN, 1093 01:12:40,094 --> 01:12:42,974 AND THERE'S A SENSE OF OUTRAGE ABOUT THIS 1094 01:12:43,010 --> 01:12:44,840 AMONGST ITALIAN NATIONALISTS, 1095 01:12:44,882 --> 01:12:48,102 A SENSE ALMOST THAT ITALY HAS LOST THE WAR 1096 01:12:48,146 --> 01:12:50,796 DESPITE BEING ON THE WINNING SIDE. 1097 01:12:52,455 --> 01:12:54,195 narrator: MUSSOLINI USES HIS NEWSPAPER 1098 01:12:54,239 --> 01:12:56,939 TO CONVEY HIS VIEW OF A NEW ITALY, 1099 01:12:56,981 --> 01:12:59,721 THAT UNDER A STRONG LEADER THE COUNTRY CAN REGAIN 1100 01:12:59,766 --> 01:13:02,326 THE GLORY OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. 1101 01:13:02,378 --> 01:13:04,248 HE BELIEVES HE CAN BE THAT LEADER... 1102 01:13:07,034 --> 01:13:09,044 THE MAN WHO RETURNS ITALY TO GREATNESS. 1103 01:13:14,868 --> 01:13:21,178 HE SOON BRINGS HIS ANTIGOVERNMENT VIEWS 1104 01:13:21,222 --> 01:13:23,402 RADIO. 1105 01:13:23,442 --> 01:13:25,182 - WE HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN AT WAR 1106 01:13:25,226 --> 01:13:28,226 SINCE WE LIFTED THE FLAG OF OUR REVOLUTION 1107 01:13:28,273 --> 01:13:33,103 WHICH WAS THEN DEFENDED BY A HANDFUL OF MEN 1108 01:13:33,147 --> 01:13:36,017 AGAINST THE MASONIC, DEMOCRATIC, 1109 01:13:36,063 --> 01:13:37,723 CAPITALISTIC WORLD. 1110 01:13:39,327 --> 01:13:42,027 - MUSSOLINI WAS A MAN OF STRONG WORDS. 1111 01:13:42,069 --> 01:13:44,249 HE LIKED THE IDEA OF OVERTHROWING 1112 01:13:44,289 --> 01:13:46,419 EXISTING INSTITUTIONS. 1113 01:13:46,465 --> 01:13:49,245 HE FAVORED THE USE OF VIOLENCE TO DO THIS. 1114 01:13:52,428 --> 01:13:55,298 narrator: TO MAKE HIS VISION A REALITY, 1115 01:13:55,343 --> 01:13:59,963 MUSSOLINI FORMS A BAND OF DISGRUNTLED FORMER SOLDIERS 1116 01:14:00,000 --> 01:14:02,830 CALLED THE BLACKSHIRTS 1117 01:14:02,873 --> 01:14:06,143 WHO TERRORIZE HIS POLITICAL OPPONENTS 1118 01:14:06,180 --> 01:14:08,790 AND BEGIN PREPARING FOR AN ARMED REVOLUTION. 1119 01:14:11,316 --> 01:14:12,396 IN A MATTER OF MONTHS, 1120 01:14:12,448 --> 01:14:15,758 MUSSOLINI HAS LAUNCHED A MOVEMENT 1121 01:14:15,799 --> 01:14:18,149 THAT IS ABOUT TO CHANGE THE FATE OF ITALY. 1122 01:14:30,901 --> 01:14:33,081 - LANCE CORPORAL ADOLF HITLER. 1123 01:14:33,120 --> 01:14:35,120 - SIR. 1124 01:14:35,166 --> 01:14:38,336 - SIT DOWN. 1125 01:14:38,386 --> 01:14:40,346 SO YOU'RE LOOKING FOR WORK. - YES, SIR. 1126 01:14:40,388 --> 01:14:41,648 I AM READY FOR DUTY. 1127 01:14:41,694 --> 01:14:43,874 - I UNDERSTAND. 1128 01:14:43,914 --> 01:14:47,134 UNFORTUNATELY, I HAVE NOTHING. 1129 01:14:47,178 --> 01:14:48,658 - NOTHING? 1130 01:14:48,701 --> 01:14:50,051 - THERE IS NO WORK. 1131 01:14:50,094 --> 01:14:53,664 THE WAR IS OVER. 1132 01:14:53,706 --> 01:14:57,536 - THERE HAS TO BE SOMETHING. 1133 01:14:57,580 --> 01:15:00,100 AFTER ALL I'VE DONE, AFTER ALL I'VE GIVEN... 1134 01:15:05,022 --> 01:15:07,242 - THERE IS A NEW POLITICAL GROUP IN TOWN: 1135 01:15:07,285 --> 01:15:09,895 THE GERMAN WORKERS' PARTY. 1136 01:15:09,940 --> 01:15:12,460 WE NEED TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT THEM 1137 01:15:12,508 --> 01:15:15,338 AND WHAT THEIR INTENTIONS ARE. 1138 01:15:15,380 --> 01:15:18,340 - YES, SIR. - TRY TO NOT STAND OUT. 1139 01:15:25,346 --> 01:15:27,696 - THE VERSAILLES TREATY CAUSED THE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 1140 01:15:27,740 --> 01:15:31,400 WHICH GAVE RISE TO EXTREMISM. 1141 01:15:31,439 --> 01:15:34,749 YOU FIND IN HISTORY THAT WHEN AN ECONOMY IS TERRIBLE, 1142 01:15:34,791 --> 01:15:36,841 IT GIVES RISE TO ALL KINDS 1143 01:15:36,880 --> 01:15:39,970 OF DIFFERENT EXTREMIST ORGANIZATIONS. 1144 01:15:47,151 --> 01:15:49,281 narrator: HITLER IS ASSIGNED TO INFILTRATE 1145 01:15:49,327 --> 01:15:52,067 THE GERMAN WORKERS' PARTY, 1146 01:15:52,112 --> 01:15:54,422 ONE OF MANY ANTIGOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS 1147 01:15:54,462 --> 01:15:56,382 THAT HAVE FORMED IN THE WAKE OF THE TREATY. 1148 01:15:58,075 --> 01:15:59,685 [door creaks] 1149 01:16:03,341 --> 01:16:07,211 FOR MONTHS, HE ATTENDS SECRET MEETINGS 1150 01:16:07,258 --> 01:16:09,648 HELD AT UNDISCLOSED LOCATIONS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. 1151 01:16:11,784 --> 01:16:13,834 - THEY SIGNED AWAY OUR ARMY. 1152 01:16:16,180 --> 01:16:19,010 THE VERSAILLES TREATY IS NOT MY TREATY. 1153 01:16:21,228 --> 01:16:23,748 - IT WAS AS IF NOTHING HAD HAPPENED, 1154 01:16:23,796 --> 01:16:26,966 AS IF WE ARE FORGOTTEN. 1155 01:16:30,237 --> 01:16:32,327 narrator: BUT HITLER SOON REALIZES 1156 01:16:32,370 --> 01:16:34,890 THEY ARE RADICAL NATIONALISTS 1157 01:16:34,938 --> 01:16:37,548 INTENSELY LOYAL TO THE FATHERLAND, 1158 01:16:37,593 --> 01:16:43,343 AND MANY OF THEM HARBOR EXTREMIST VIEWS 1159 01:16:43,381 --> 01:16:47,171 VIEWS THAT ARE NO DIFFERENT FROM HIS OWN. 1160 01:16:47,211 --> 01:16:49,341 - THERE WAS NEVER REALLY AN EFFORT 1161 01:16:49,387 --> 01:16:51,257 TO DEAL WITH ALL THE DAMAGE 1162 01:16:51,302 --> 01:16:53,392 THAT HAD OCCURRED DURING WORLD WAR I. 1163 01:16:56,481 --> 01:16:59,221 THE FAILURE TO DO THAT 1164 01:16:59,266 --> 01:17:01,746 I THINK IS WHAT ULTIMATELY PRODUCED THE SEEDS 1165 01:17:01,791 --> 01:17:04,711 FOR HITLER AND NAZISM. 1166 01:17:06,709 --> 01:17:09,709 - GERMANY AS A WHOLE IS DEAD. 1167 01:17:12,105 --> 01:17:14,055 IT HAS NOTHING LEFT IN ITS HEART. 1168 01:17:16,675 --> 01:17:19,455 THERE ARE RIOTS ON THE STREETS. 1169 01:17:19,504 --> 01:17:22,384 THERE IS NO GERMANY LEFT TO FIGHT FOR. 1170 01:17:24,248 --> 01:17:28,208 GERMANY MUST BREAK APART. 1171 01:17:28,252 --> 01:17:32,342 IT IS ONLY THROUGH THIS THAT WE CAN SURVIVE. 1172 01:17:32,386 --> 01:17:33,996 - NO GERMANY? 1173 01:17:34,040 --> 01:17:36,910 - YES, THERE'S NOTHING LEFT TO FIGHT FOR. 1174 01:17:36,956 --> 01:17:38,646 - "THERE'S NOTHING LEFT TO FIGHT FOR" 1175 01:17:38,697 --> 01:17:40,997 ARE THE FAMOUS LAST WORDS OF EVERY TURNCOAT 1176 01:17:41,047 --> 01:17:44,087 IN THE HISTORY OF WARFARE. 1177 01:17:44,137 --> 01:17:47,227 THE WEAK AMONG US TURN TO SUCH EXCUSES 1178 01:17:47,271 --> 01:17:49,531 AND ABANDON OUR PRIDE AND HOPE 1179 01:17:49,577 --> 01:17:51,227 WHEN IT IS ONLY UNITY 1180 01:17:51,275 --> 01:17:52,885 THAT SEPARATES THE VICTORS FROM THE DEFEATED. 1181 01:17:54,670 --> 01:17:58,020 CLEARLY YOU HAVE STOPPED FIGHTING. 1182 01:17:58,064 --> 01:18:01,594 BUT WE ARE STILL FIGHTING GERMANY'S GREAT WAR, OUR WAR, 1183 01:18:01,633 --> 01:18:04,643 FOR WHAT WE DESERVE: 1184 01:18:04,680 --> 01:18:07,160 A UNITED GERMANY, 1185 01:18:07,204 --> 01:18:09,514 A STRONG, PROUD GERMANY. 1186 01:18:10,990 --> 01:18:14,390 GERMANY IS A SLEEPING GIANT, 1187 01:18:14,428 --> 01:18:16,648 AND ONCE WE RID OUR NATION 1188 01:18:16,692 --> 01:18:19,132 OF THE SPINELESS FRAUDS AMONG US 1189 01:18:19,172 --> 01:18:21,092 AND ALONGSIDE THE CRIMINALS OF VERSAILLES, 1190 01:18:21,131 --> 01:18:24,401 WE WILL ONCE AGAIN KNOW GREATNESS. 1191 01:18:24,438 --> 01:18:27,268 [applause] 1192 01:18:55,731 --> 01:18:59,341 narrator: AFTER FOUR YEARS OF WAR, 1193 01:18:59,386 --> 01:19:01,686 A TENUOUS PEACE HOLDS. 1194 01:19:01,737 --> 01:19:04,517 [birds cawing] 1195 01:19:04,565 --> 01:19:07,215 BUT ANGER AND RESENTMENT ARE SPREADING... 1196 01:19:13,879 --> 01:19:16,879 [applause] 1197 01:19:25,673 --> 01:19:29,813 ADOLF HITLER LEAVES THE GERMAN ARMY 1198 01:19:29,852 --> 01:19:31,422 TO FULLY DEVOTE HIMSELF 1199 01:19:31,462 --> 01:19:33,422 TO THE ANTIGOVERNMENT WORKERS PARTY. 1200 01:19:36,119 --> 01:19:38,859 - OUR GERMANY IS DEAD, AND YOU HAVE CONSPIRED... 1201 01:19:38,904 --> 01:19:41,654 narrator: HIS POPULARITY AND FIERY RHETORIC 1202 01:19:41,689 --> 01:19:43,649 MAKE HIM STAND OUT IN THE GROUP. 1203 01:19:43,691 --> 01:19:46,561 - YOU HAVE BLED HER WITH YOUR CORRUPTION. 1204 01:19:46,607 --> 01:19:54,617 narrator: AND HE'S PROMOTED TO THE HEAD OF PROPAGANDA. 1205 01:19:54,659 --> 01:19:58,969 - WE WILL CALL OURSELVES THE NATIONAL SOCIALIST PARTY! 1206 01:19:59,011 --> 01:20:01,751 [cheers and applause] 1207 01:20:01,797 --> 01:20:03,577 narrator: UNDER HITLER'S LEADERSHIP, 1208 01:20:03,624 --> 01:20:05,984 MEMBERSHIP IN THE NATIONAL SOCIALIST PARTY 1209 01:20:06,018 --> 01:20:08,718 QUICKLY EXPANDS 1210 01:20:08,760 --> 01:20:17,810 AS HITLER EXPERIENCES HIS FIRST TASTE OF REAL POWER. 1211 01:20:17,856 --> 01:20:20,156 - THERE ARE MANY REPORTS FROM FAIRLY EARLY ON 1212 01:20:20,206 --> 01:20:22,906 ABOUT HITLER'S CHARISMA AS A SPEAKER, 1213 01:20:22,948 --> 01:20:26,128 AND HE GRADUALLY CAME TO REALIZE 1214 01:20:26,169 --> 01:20:28,689 THAT HE WAS INDEED A POWERFUL SPEAKER-- 1215 01:20:28,736 --> 01:20:31,216 FAR MORE POWERFUL THAN ANYONE ELSE AROUND-- 1216 01:20:31,261 --> 01:20:35,791 AND BEGAN TO USE THAT AS AN ASSET. 1217 01:20:35,831 --> 01:20:38,531 narrator: TO CAST ALL GERMANY UNDER HIS SPELL, 1218 01:20:38,572 --> 01:20:39,972 HITLER NEEDS AN IMAGE 1219 01:20:40,009 --> 01:20:43,749 THAT WILL BURN INTO THE MINDS OF MILLIONS. 1220 01:20:43,795 --> 01:20:46,145 - NOWADAYS WE'D CALL IT A LOGO OF COURSE. 1221 01:20:46,189 --> 01:20:48,229 IT WAS DESIGNED PERSONALLY BY HITLER, 1222 01:20:48,278 --> 01:20:49,708 AND IT MAY BE THAT HE PUT 1223 01:20:49,757 --> 01:20:53,237 SOME OF HIS ARTISTIC IMPULSES INTO THIS. 1224 01:20:53,283 --> 01:20:56,853 THE ESSENTIAL PART OF IT ULTIMATELY WENT BACK TO INDIA, 1225 01:20:56,895 --> 01:21:01,765 BUT IT WAS TAKEN UP AS A SYMBOL OF RACISM AND ANTI-SEMITISM 1226 01:21:01,813 --> 01:21:04,123 COMBINED WITH THE RED BACKGROUND FOR SOCIALISM 1227 01:21:04,163 --> 01:21:05,603 AND THE RED, WHITE, AND BLACK COLORS 1228 01:21:05,643 --> 01:21:07,343 FOR THE OLD KAISER REICH. 1229 01:21:26,838 --> 01:21:28,138 narrator: WHILE HITLER IS STILL 1230 01:21:28,187 --> 01:21:30,967 IN THE EARLY STAGES OF HIS REVOLUTION, 1231 01:21:31,016 --> 01:21:35,926 BENITO MUSSOLINI HAS ALREADY AMASSED AN ARMY OF FOLLOWERS 1232 01:21:35,978 --> 01:21:38,848 AND IS READY TO TAKE ITALY BY FORCE. 1233 01:21:47,076 --> 01:21:56,086 FOR SEVEN DAYS IN OCTOBER OF 1922 1234 01:21:56,128 --> 01:22:00,128 MUSSOLINI LEADS A MARCH OF 30,000 BLACKSHIRTS INTO ROME. 1235 01:22:02,439 --> 01:22:04,089 WITH THE PEOPLE BEHIND HIM, 1236 01:22:04,136 --> 01:22:07,786 MUSSOLINI AND THE BLACKSHIRTS STORM THE ROYAL PALACE, 1237 01:22:07,835 --> 01:22:09,315 FORCING THE KING OF ITALY 1238 01:22:09,359 --> 01:22:11,489 TO HAND OVER CONTROL OF THE GOVERNMENT. 1239 01:22:15,104 --> 01:22:18,764 - MUSSOLINI CAME TO POWER IN ITALY IN 1922. 1240 01:22:18,803 --> 01:22:21,983 HIS SUCCESSFUL MARCH ON ROME 1241 01:22:22,024 --> 01:22:27,994 WAS EASED BY THE PROCESS OF EXPANDING EGO AND ADULATION 1242 01:22:28,030 --> 01:22:30,820 BY THE PEOPLE AROUND MUSSOLINI 1243 01:22:30,858 --> 01:22:33,038 AND THEN EVENTUALLY MOST OF THE PUBLIC OPINION 1244 01:22:33,078 --> 01:22:34,468 IN THE COUNTRY. 1245 01:22:36,908 --> 01:22:39,958 THIS IS A DANGEROUS PROCESS. 1246 01:22:42,522 --> 01:22:44,262 narrator: IN JUST MONTHS, 1247 01:22:44,307 --> 01:22:47,267 MUSSOLINI HAS BEEN TRANSFORMED FROM NEWSPAPER JOURNALIST 1248 01:22:47,310 --> 01:22:49,660 TO THE MOST POWERFUL MAN IN ITALY. 1249 01:22:55,796 --> 01:22:59,316 600 MILES TO THE NORTH, 1250 01:22:59,365 --> 01:23:03,665 ADOLF HITLER IS WATCHING EVERYTHING MUSSOLINI HAS DONE, 1251 01:23:03,717 --> 01:23:07,497 AND HE WANTS THAT SAME ULTIMATE POWER FOR HIMSELF. 1252 01:23:08,766 --> 01:23:10,636 SO HE AMASSES AN ARMY OF HIS OWN. 1253 01:23:12,813 --> 01:23:15,473 - HITLER DOES SEEM EARLY TO HAVE BEEN 1254 01:23:15,512 --> 01:23:17,212 VERY IMPRESSED BY MUSSOLINI 1255 01:23:17,253 --> 01:23:19,783 AND INDEED BY THE MARCH ON ROME. 1256 01:23:19,820 --> 01:23:24,000 HIS RISE TO POWER WAS MODELED ON WHAT 1257 01:23:29,091 --> 01:23:33,831 HITLER LEADS THE NAZIS INTO A MUNICH BEER HALL 1258 01:23:33,878 --> 01:23:35,528 WHERE TOP GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ARE MEETING. 1259 01:23:36,794 --> 01:23:39,544 [indistinct chatter] 1260 01:23:42,582 --> 01:23:45,282 [gunshots] 1261 01:23:45,324 --> 01:23:47,334 - GERMANY IS DEAD, 1262 01:23:47,370 --> 01:23:50,460 AND YOU HAVE CONSPIRED TO KILL HER! 1263 01:23:50,503 --> 01:23:53,423 YOU HAVE CRUSHED HER WITH YOUR INCOMPETENCE. 1264 01:23:53,463 --> 01:23:56,123 YOU HAVE BLED HER WITH YOUR CORRUPTION. 1265 01:23:56,161 --> 01:23:59,771 [gun cocking] 1266 01:23:59,817 --> 01:24:01,857 YOU HAVE PROFANED HER BY CONSORTING 1267 01:24:01,906 --> 01:24:04,126 WITH DEGENERATE PEOPLES. 1268 01:24:04,169 --> 01:24:06,039 NO MORE! 1269 01:24:06,084 --> 01:24:07,914 THE REVOLUTION HAS BEGUN! 1270 01:24:12,873 --> 01:24:14,963 JOIN US NOW 1271 01:24:15,006 --> 01:24:17,966 AS WE GIVE BIRTH TO A NEW GERMANY! 1272 01:24:21,099 --> 01:24:25,019 - YOU WATCH HIM, AND YOU THINK OF HOW ADOLF HITLER 1273 01:24:25,060 --> 01:24:26,410 WAS ABLE TO DO THAT, 1274 01:24:26,452 --> 01:24:30,202 TO GET OTHER PEOPLE TO FOLLOW HIM. 1275 01:24:30,239 --> 01:24:33,069 I THINK IT WAS PARTLY BECAUSE 1276 01:24:33,111 --> 01:24:35,201 HE COULD PERSUADE PEOPLE THAT THAT WAS A GOOD THING TO DO 1277 01:24:35,244 --> 01:24:38,074 AND PARTLY BECAUSE PEOPLE WERE INTIMIDATED BY HIM. 1278 01:24:46,037 --> 01:24:48,297 narrator: AFTER STORMING THE BEER HALL, 1279 01:24:48,344 --> 01:24:51,834 HITLER LEADS THE NAZIS INTO THE STREETS 1280 01:24:51,869 --> 01:24:54,089 TO TAKE THE CITY BY FORCE. 1281 01:24:57,831 --> 01:24:59,661 BUT UNLIKE IN ITALY, 1282 01:24:59,703 --> 01:25:02,103 THE GERMAN POLICE ARE PREPARED. 1283 01:25:02,140 --> 01:25:05,190 - HALT! 1284 01:25:05,230 --> 01:25:06,230 READY! 1285 01:25:06,275 --> 01:25:07,835 [guns cocking] 1286 01:25:11,976 --> 01:25:13,106 AIM! 1287 01:25:16,676 --> 01:25:17,936 - JOIN US! 1288 01:25:23,988 --> 01:25:27,208 THE NATIONAL SOCIALIST PARTY HAS TAKEN OVER THE GOVERNMENT! 1289 01:25:27,252 --> 01:25:29,082 [gunshot] 1290 01:25:29,124 --> 01:25:32,084 [gunfire] 1291 01:25:32,127 --> 01:25:35,167 [dramatic music] 1292 01:25:35,217 --> 01:25:43,047 ♪ 1293 01:26:20,523 --> 01:26:23,313 narrator: UNLIKE MUSSOLINI, 1294 01:26:23,352 --> 01:26:27,232 HITLER'S ATTEMPT TO SEIZE POWER IS A FAILURE, 1295 01:26:27,269 --> 01:26:30,529 AND HE'S ARRESTED AND CHARGED WITH TREASON. 1296 01:26:30,576 --> 01:26:33,406 HE SPENDS HIS TIME IN PRISON 1297 01:26:33,449 --> 01:26:35,799 PLOTTING HIS NEXT MOVE. 1298 01:26:35,842 --> 01:26:38,762 - [speaking indistinctly] 1299 01:26:38,802 --> 01:26:41,672 [typewriter clicking] 1300 01:26:44,895 --> 01:26:46,895 [typewriter dings] 1301 01:26:46,940 --> 01:26:48,860 narrator: TO GAIN FOLLOWERS 1302 01:26:48,899 --> 01:26:51,859 AND TO SPREAD HIS MESSAGE, 1303 01:26:51,902 --> 01:26:53,772 HITLER CREATES A MANIFESTO... 1304 01:26:56,080 --> 01:26:58,820 THE HEART OF WHICH IS A RADICAL PLAN 1305 01:26:58,865 --> 01:27:01,255 FOR WORLD DOMINATION. 1306 01:27:01,303 --> 01:27:04,573 - WHAT WE MUST FIGHT FOR 1307 01:27:04,610 --> 01:27:07,740 IS TO SAFEGUARD THE EXISTENCE... 1308 01:27:10,268 --> 01:27:13,228 AND THE REPRODUCTION OF OUR RACE AND OUR PEOPLE. 1309 01:27:34,249 --> 01:27:37,379 narrator: COMING UP ON THE WORLD WARS... 1310 01:27:37,426 --> 01:27:39,296 THE FIGHTING MAY HAVE STOPPED, 1311 01:27:39,341 --> 01:27:41,261 BUT THE WAR ISN'T OVER. 1312 01:27:41,299 --> 01:27:42,469 [camera shutter clicking] 1313 01:27:42,518 --> 01:27:44,298 OUT OF A GREAT GLOBAL DEPRESSION 1314 01:27:44,346 --> 01:27:47,086 A NEW GENERATION OF LEADER EMERGES. 1315 01:27:47,131 --> 01:27:49,531 - WE MUST REVERSE THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES. 1316 01:27:49,568 --> 01:27:53,048 LET THESE CHAINS BE BURST ASUNDER. 1317 01:27:53,093 --> 01:27:55,053 [applause] 1318 01:27:55,095 --> 01:27:56,395 narrator: WHILE SOME ARE DESPERATE 1319 01:27:56,445 --> 01:27:57,965 TO MAINTAIN THE PEACE... 1320 01:27:58,011 --> 01:27:59,491 - NONE OF THESE PEOPLE, GENERAL, 1321 01:27:59,535 --> 01:28:02,015 WANT ME PUTTING MONEY TOWARDS THE NEXT WAR. 1322 01:28:02,059 --> 01:28:06,759 narrator: OTHERS RISE FROM THE ASHES, 1323 01:28:06,803 --> 01:28:09,593 A GREAT GLOBAL WAR. 1324 01:28:09,632 --> 01:28:11,112 - HITLER IS FAR MORE DANGEROUS 1325 01:28:11,155 --> 01:28:13,895 THAN ANYTHING WE'VE EVER FACED BEFORE! 1326 01:28:17,074 --> 01:28:20,474 - BOMB EVERY CITY, 1327 01:28:20,512 --> 01:28:21,822 EVERY TOWN, 1328 01:28:21,861 --> 01:28:23,561 EVERY VILLAGE. 1329 01:28:23,602 --> 01:28:26,342 WE WILL ANNIHILATE THEM. 1330 01:28:26,388 --> 01:28:30,168 narrator: AND AS THE FIGHTING BREAKS OUT AGAIN... 1331 01:28:30,217 --> 01:28:32,347 IT'S A DAMNED ORDER. 1332 01:28:32,394 --> 01:28:34,354 narrator: THE FATE OF MANKIND 1333 01:28:34,396 --> 01:28:35,346 HANGS IN THE BALANCE. 1334 01:28:35,397 --> 01:28:38,967 [gunfire] 1335 01:28:39,009 --> 01:28:40,879 - IT IS TIME TO END AMERICA'S THREAT 1336 01:28:40,924 --> 01:28:42,844 ONCE AND FOR ALL.