1 00:00:02,393 --> 00:00:04,003 male narrator: PREVIOUSLY ON THE WORLD WARS... 2 00:00:04,047 --> 00:00:06,397 - INCOMING! 3 00:00:06,441 --> 00:00:07,791 narrator: A NEW GENERATION 4 00:00:07,833 --> 00:00:09,443 COMES OF AGE ON THE BATTLEFIELD. 5 00:00:09,487 --> 00:00:12,267 - MOVE! MOVE! MOVE! 6 00:00:12,316 --> 00:00:14,616 narrator: BUT WHEN THE FIGHTING STOPS, 7 00:00:14,666 --> 00:00:17,096 CONFLICT TURNS INTERNAL. 8 00:00:17,147 --> 00:00:18,887 - GERMANY IS DEAD, 9 00:00:18,931 --> 00:00:21,541 AND YOU HAVE CONSPIRED TO KILL HER! 10 00:00:21,586 --> 00:00:24,326 THE REVOLUTION HAS BEGUN! 11 00:00:24,372 --> 00:00:27,722 [gunshots] 12 00:00:27,766 --> 00:00:30,856 narrator: A GLOBAL DEPRESSION DEVASTATES THE WORLD, 13 00:00:30,900 --> 00:00:34,770 ALLOWING NEW LEADERS TO RISE TO POWER. 14 00:00:34,817 --> 00:00:36,597 - WILL THIS WORK? 15 00:00:36,645 --> 00:00:40,255 narrator: SOME WORK TO REBUILD THEIR NATION. 16 00:00:40,301 --> 00:00:43,041 OTHERS CREATE MASSIVE MILITARIES, 17 00:00:43,086 --> 00:00:46,566 DETERMINED TO REIGNITE THE FIGHTING. 18 00:00:46,611 --> 00:00:49,221 - WE MUST REVERSE THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES. 19 00:00:49,266 --> 00:00:52,916 LET THESE CHAINS BE BURST ASUNDER. 20 00:00:52,965 --> 00:00:55,185 [explosion] 21 00:00:55,229 --> 00:00:57,929 narrator: ADOLF HITLER EMBARKS ON A VIOLENT RAMPAGE 22 00:00:57,970 --> 00:00:59,970 THROUGH EUROPE. 23 00:01:00,016 --> 00:01:03,106 - BOMB EVERY TOWN, EVERY VILLAGE. 24 00:01:03,150 --> 00:01:06,370 WE WILL ANNIHILATE THEM. 25 00:01:06,414 --> 00:01:08,114 narrator: BUT AS THE ALLIES ARE DETERMINED 26 00:01:08,155 --> 00:01:10,585 TO END HITLER'S CRUSADE... 27 00:01:10,635 --> 00:01:12,765 - WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE BEACHES. 28 00:01:12,811 --> 00:01:15,251 WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE HILLS. 29 00:01:15,292 --> 00:01:19,122 WE SHALL NEVER SURRENDER. 30 00:01:19,166 --> 00:01:21,686 narrator: ANOTHER THREAT EMERGES. 31 00:01:21,733 --> 00:01:24,483 - ADMIRAL, STAY. 32 00:01:24,519 --> 00:01:26,349 THERE'S MORE TO DISCUSS. 33 00:01:33,571 --> 00:01:36,751 [pounding electronic music] 34 00:01:36,792 --> 00:01:44,842 ♪ 35 00:02:10,739 --> 00:02:12,569 [explosion] 36 00:02:12,610 --> 00:02:20,490 ♪ 37 00:02:30,150 --> 00:02:33,200 [engines rumbling] 38 00:02:56,263 --> 00:02:57,963 [indistinct radio chatter] 39 00:02:58,003 --> 00:02:59,223 - WE INTERRUPT THIS PROGRAM 40 00:02:59,266 --> 00:03:00,956 TO BRING YOU A SPECIAL NEWS BULLETIN. 41 00:03:01,006 --> 00:03:04,136 THE JAPANESE HAVE ATTACKED PEARL HARBOR, HAWAII, BY AIR. 42 00:03:04,184 --> 00:03:05,404 THE ATTACK ALSO WAS MADE ON 43 00:03:05,446 --> 00:03:07,616 ALL NAVAL AND MILITARY ACTIVITY... 44 00:03:09,841 --> 00:03:12,671 narrator: FOR THE FIRST TIME IN MODERN HISTORY, 45 00:03:12,714 --> 00:03:18,204 AMERICA HAS BEEN ATTACKED BY A FOREIGN POWER. 46 00:03:18,241 --> 00:03:22,591 OVER 2,400 AMERICANS ARE DEAD, 47 00:03:22,637 --> 00:03:26,207 AND NEARLY THE ENTIRE U.S. NAVAL FLEET IN THE PACIFIC 48 00:03:26,249 --> 00:03:29,119 HAS BEEN DESTROYED. 49 00:03:29,165 --> 00:03:32,115 [Tapsplaying] 50 00:03:32,168 --> 00:03:36,558 ♪ 51 00:03:36,607 --> 00:03:38,737 - F.D.R. IS DEVASTATED, 52 00:03:38,783 --> 00:03:40,573 BUT I THINK F.D.R., IN THE END, 53 00:03:40,611 --> 00:03:44,141 HIS GREATEST LEGACY WAS HIS ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE 54 00:03:44,180 --> 00:03:48,360 TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE DURING THE DARKEST HOURS 55 00:03:48,402 --> 00:03:53,972 TO NOT GIVE UP ON WHAT IT MEANS TO BE AN AMERICAN. 56 00:03:54,016 --> 00:03:56,016 narrator: ON THE DAY AFTER THE ATTACK, 57 00:03:56,061 --> 00:03:58,801 FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT GIVES THE MOST IMPORTANT SPEECH 58 00:03:58,847 --> 00:04:00,237 OF HIS LIFE. 59 00:04:03,155 --> 00:04:09,465 - DECEMBER 7, 1941, 60 00:04:09,510 --> 00:04:15,120 A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY, 61 00:04:15,167 --> 00:04:17,427 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 62 00:04:17,474 --> 00:04:20,304 WAS SUDDENLY AND DELIBERATELY ATTACKED 63 00:04:20,347 --> 00:04:27,307 BY NAVAL AND AIR FORCES OF THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN. 64 00:04:27,354 --> 00:04:32,144 WITH THE UNBOUNDING DETERMINATION OF OUR PEOPLE, 65 00:04:32,184 --> 00:04:37,104 WE WILL GAIN THE INEVITABLE TRIUMPH, 66 00:04:37,146 --> 00:04:39,056 SO HELP US GOD. 67 00:04:52,074 --> 00:04:53,864 - ROOSEVELT WAS A NAVY MAN, 68 00:04:53,902 --> 00:04:56,342 SO THE FACT THAT THIS ATTACK TOOK PLACE 69 00:04:56,383 --> 00:04:58,213 AGAINST THE NAVY AND PEARL HARBOR 70 00:04:58,254 --> 00:05:01,434 PERHAPS FILLED HIM WITH EVEN GREATER INDIGNATION 71 00:05:01,475 --> 00:05:03,035 AGAINST WHAT HAD BEEN DONE 72 00:05:03,085 --> 00:05:06,385 TO THE UNITED STATES BY THE JAPANESE. 73 00:05:06,436 --> 00:05:08,306 - THE BRUTALNESS OF THE ATTACK; 74 00:05:08,351 --> 00:05:10,441 THE SURPRISE OF THE ATTACK; 75 00:05:10,484 --> 00:05:12,704 THE PRICE THAT WAS PAID IN THAT ATTACK, 76 00:05:12,747 --> 00:05:16,877 I THINK, HELPED UNIFY THE NATION IN A MAJOR WAY, 77 00:05:16,925 --> 00:05:19,615 AND FOR A PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 78 00:05:19,667 --> 00:05:23,927 IT GIVES HIM THAT CALL TO ACTION. 79 00:05:23,975 --> 00:05:27,365 narrator: WITHIN 24 HOURS OF THE ATTACK, 80 00:05:27,414 --> 00:05:31,114 ROOSEVELT SIGNS A DECLARATION OF WAR AGAINST JAPAN. 81 00:05:33,811 --> 00:05:35,771 - NOW IT'S CLEAR. 82 00:05:35,813 --> 00:05:38,343 THIS IS GONNA BE AN ALL-OUT CONFLICT. 83 00:05:38,381 --> 00:05:42,951 THE NATION RALLIED AROUND F.D.R.'S LEADERSHIP, 84 00:05:42,994 --> 00:05:47,094 AND MILLIONS OF AMERICANS SIGNED UP TO GO TO WAR. 85 00:05:50,045 --> 00:05:53,475 - I WAS A VERY YOUNG BOY, I THINK SIX YEARS OLD. 86 00:05:53,527 --> 00:05:57,007 A GUY DROVE UP AND SAID TO MY FATHER, JACK. 87 00:05:57,052 --> 00:06:00,192 HE SAID, "THE JAPANESE HAVE BOMBED PEARL HARBOR." 88 00:06:00,229 --> 00:06:04,099 MY FATHER RAN UPSTAIRS, PUT SOME THINGS TOGETHER, 89 00:06:04,146 --> 00:06:08,666 AND THEN NEXT TIME I SAW HIM WAS THREE YEARS LATER. 90 00:06:08,716 --> 00:06:11,196 narrator: AFTER YEARS OF AVOIDING CONFLICT, 91 00:06:11,240 --> 00:06:15,160 THE UNITED STATES IS HEADING FOR ANOTHER WAR. 92 00:06:18,290 --> 00:06:20,030 - AND SO IT BEGINS. 93 00:06:30,955 --> 00:06:33,125 narrator: FOR JAPANESE PRIME MINISTER HIDEKI TOJO 94 00:06:33,175 --> 00:06:35,695 AND HIS MILITARY, 95 00:06:35,743 --> 00:06:40,143 THE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR IS A HUGE SUCCESS. 96 00:06:40,182 --> 00:06:42,922 - THE JAPANESE LAUNCHED ONE OF THE BOLDEST 97 00:06:42,967 --> 00:06:46,277 AND MOST SUCCESSFUL TACTICAL SURPRISE ATTACKS 98 00:06:46,318 --> 00:06:48,098 IN HISTORY WHEN THEY ATTACKED AT PEARL HARBOR. 99 00:06:48,146 --> 00:06:50,576 350 AIRPLANES HAD BEEN DESTROYED, 100 00:06:50,627 --> 00:06:52,757 8 BATTLESHIPS, 4 DESTROYERS. 101 00:06:52,803 --> 00:06:54,943 THIS WAS A DEVASTATING MILITARY DEFEAT 102 00:06:54,979 --> 00:06:55,979 FOR THE UNITED STATES. 103 00:06:58,809 --> 00:07:01,859 narrator: WITH THE DESTRUCTION OF THE U.S. PACIFIC FLEET, 104 00:07:01,899 --> 00:07:05,639 JAPAN CONTINUES ITS CAMPAIGN FOR CONTROL OF ASIA... 105 00:07:09,254 --> 00:07:12,434 STRIKING KEY TARGETS THROUGHOUT THE PACIFIC. 106 00:07:16,348 --> 00:07:19,478 BUT TO TAKE OVER ALL OF ASIA, 107 00:07:19,526 --> 00:07:23,876 THEY NEED THE PHILIPPINES AS A BASE OF OPERATION. 108 00:07:23,921 --> 00:07:27,231 THE ONLY ISSUE-- 109 00:07:27,272 --> 00:07:29,362 IT'S A U.S. TERRITORY. 110 00:07:30,885 --> 00:07:33,015 [engines rumbling] 111 00:07:33,061 --> 00:07:35,111 [explosions] 112 00:07:35,150 --> 00:07:38,500 [men shouting] 113 00:07:47,858 --> 00:07:50,468 JUST TEN HOURS AFTER BOMBING PEARL HARBOR, 114 00:07:50,513 --> 00:07:53,393 JAPAN LAUNCHES ANOTHER ATTACK ON THE U.S., 115 00:07:53,429 --> 00:07:56,209 AGAINST THE PHILIPPINES. 116 00:08:02,786 --> 00:08:04,136 THE ONE MAN RESPONSIBLE 117 00:08:04,179 --> 00:08:07,569 FOR PROTECTING THE U.S. TERRITORY 118 00:08:07,617 --> 00:08:11,187 IS GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR. 119 00:08:11,229 --> 00:08:14,449 - MACARTHUR FELT A PARTICULAR ATTACHMENT TO 120 00:08:14,494 --> 00:08:17,584 AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE PHILIPPINES, 121 00:08:17,627 --> 00:08:22,757 AND HIS FIRST DAY OF WAR WAS ABSOLUTELY TERRIBLE. 122 00:08:22,806 --> 00:08:26,586 MACARTHUR'S AIR FORCE WAS STILL ON THE RUNWAYS, PARKED, 123 00:08:26,636 --> 00:08:29,116 WHEN JAPAN'S PLANES CAME IN 124 00:08:29,160 --> 00:08:31,640 AND DESTROYED MOST OF HIS AIR ARM. 125 00:08:36,341 --> 00:08:37,871 narrator: MACARTHUR COMMANDS AN ARMY 126 00:08:37,908 --> 00:08:42,128 OF 22,000 AMERICAN AND FILIPPINO SOLDIERS 127 00:08:42,173 --> 00:08:46,403 TRAINED TO DEFEND THE PHILIPPINES AT ANY COST, 128 00:08:46,438 --> 00:08:49,398 BUT THE JAPANESE ATTACKS ARE RELENTLESS. 129 00:08:49,441 --> 00:08:51,841 [men shouting, gunfire] 130 00:08:51,879 --> 00:08:56,539 MACARTHUR AND HIS MEN ARE COMPLETELY OVERWHELMED. 131 00:08:56,579 --> 00:08:59,019 AMERICAN LEADERS FEAR IF TOJO GAINS CONTROL 132 00:08:59,060 --> 00:09:00,670 OF THE PHILIPPINES, 133 00:09:00,714 --> 00:09:03,194 THE JAPANESE WILL INVADE OIL-RICH ISLANDS 134 00:09:03,238 --> 00:09:05,408 THROUGHOUT THE PACIFIC, 135 00:09:05,457 --> 00:09:07,197 FUELING A POTENTIAL ATTACK 136 00:09:07,242 --> 00:09:10,072 ON THE WEST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES. 137 00:09:14,597 --> 00:09:19,207 WITH AIR STRIKES ESCALATING AND SUPPLIES DWINDLING, 138 00:09:19,254 --> 00:09:23,304 MACARTHUR'S ONLY OPTION IS TO RETREAT. 139 00:09:34,182 --> 00:09:35,232 - LET'S GO, MEN. 140 00:09:37,533 --> 00:09:40,583 - YOU HAVE TO CONSTANTLY BE ANALYZING THE SITUATION. 141 00:09:40,623 --> 00:09:41,933 IS THE BATTLE CHANGING? 142 00:09:41,972 --> 00:09:43,322 DO I HAVE TO MAKE NEW DECISIONS? 143 00:09:43,365 --> 00:09:47,105 DO I HAVE TO EXECUTE CONTINGENCY PLANS? 144 00:09:47,151 --> 00:09:49,501 - SET THE WOUNDED THERE. 145 00:09:49,545 --> 00:09:53,105 THERE'S ROOM FOR SUPPLIES HERE ALONG THE WALL. 146 00:09:53,157 --> 00:09:55,117 - WE'RE TRAINED PROFESSIONAL OFFICERS, 147 00:09:55,159 --> 00:09:59,289 AND WE'RE SUPPOSED TO BE ABLE TO HANDLE STRESS, 148 00:09:59,337 --> 00:10:01,777 HANDLE CRISIS AND NOT CRACK 149 00:10:01,818 --> 00:10:05,608 AND NOT LOOSE OUR ABILITY TO THINK LOGICALLY AND RATIONALLY 150 00:10:05,648 --> 00:10:06,948 AND MAKE SURE WE WIN THE BATTLE. 151 00:10:06,997 --> 00:10:08,997 - MACARTHUR. 152 00:10:10,914 --> 00:10:13,264 narrator: MACARTHUR SETS UP A MAKESHIFT HEADQUARTERS 153 00:10:13,308 --> 00:10:16,748 IN A MASSIVE UNDERGROUND TUNNEL ON CORREGIDOR ISLAND. 154 00:10:19,706 --> 00:10:22,666 THEY MAY NOW BE HUDDLED IN A HOLE IN THE GROUND... 155 00:10:22,709 --> 00:10:24,669 [distant rumbling] 156 00:10:24,711 --> 00:10:26,671 BUT MACARTHUR KNOWS THAT HE AND HIS MEN 157 00:10:26,713 --> 00:10:30,723 ARE THE LAST STRONGHOLD 158 00:10:30,760 --> 00:10:34,680 AGAINST A COMPLETE JAPANESE TAKEOVER OF THE PACIFIC. 159 00:10:39,813 --> 00:10:44,563 ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE WORLD, 160 00:10:44,600 --> 00:10:46,650 ADOLF HITLER HAS WATCHED THE JAPANESE 161 00:10:46,689 --> 00:10:50,949 TAKE ON THE UNITED STATES 162 00:10:50,998 --> 00:10:53,608 AND NOW SEES THE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR 163 00:10:53,653 --> 00:10:57,273 AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO RAMP UP HIS OWN CRUSADE. 164 00:10:57,308 --> 00:10:58,748 [cannon booming, explosion] 165 00:10:58,788 --> 00:11:01,968 SINCE 1936, 166 00:11:02,009 --> 00:11:04,269 THE GERMAN MILITARY HAS MARCHED THROUGH EUROPE... 167 00:11:04,315 --> 00:11:07,315 [cannon booming, explosions] 168 00:11:07,362 --> 00:11:10,062 OCCUPYING THE MAJORITY OF THE CONTINENT. 169 00:11:10,104 --> 00:11:12,674 [men shouting] 170 00:11:16,240 --> 00:11:17,890 - IN THE COURSE OF THE WAR, 171 00:11:17,938 --> 00:11:20,768 THE MYTH OF HITLER'S PERSONAL INFALLIBILITY 172 00:11:20,810 --> 00:11:23,640 AND MILITARY GENIUS REALLY TAKES HOLD 173 00:11:23,683 --> 00:11:26,343 AND BEGINS TO DEVELOP A LIFE OF ITS OWN. 174 00:11:26,381 --> 00:11:28,341 - IT IS GOOD FOR YOU TO COME. 175 00:11:28,383 --> 00:11:29,863 GOOD TO SEE YOU. HOW ARE YOU? 176 00:11:29,906 --> 00:11:31,686 A FRIEND AND I'LL BE HAVING DINNER TONIGHT, 177 00:11:31,734 --> 00:11:33,824 AND I HOPE THAT YOU CAN JOIN US. 178 00:11:33,867 --> 00:11:37,037 narrator: AFTER BREAKING HIS ALLIANCE WITH JOSEPH STALIN 179 00:11:37,087 --> 00:11:39,997 AND LAUNCHING A MASSIVE ATTACK ON RUSSIA, 180 00:11:40,047 --> 00:11:42,477 HITLER IS CERTAIN THERE IS NO MILITARY FORCE 181 00:11:42,527 --> 00:11:46,357 IN THE WORLD THAT CAN TAKE ON HIS OWN... 182 00:11:49,839 --> 00:11:52,579 EVEN THE UNITED STATES. 183 00:11:54,888 --> 00:11:56,058 - IN HITLER'S SECOND BOOK, 184 00:11:56,106 --> 00:11:58,106 WRITTEN IN 1928 BUT NEVER PUBLISHED, 185 00:11:58,152 --> 00:12:01,762 HE MADE IT FAIRLY CLEAR 186 00:12:01,808 --> 00:12:03,938 THAT ONCE HE HAD CONQUERED EUROPE, 187 00:12:03,984 --> 00:12:05,774 HE WOULD TURN TO AMERICA. 188 00:12:09,076 --> 00:12:11,906 FOR THE NAZIS, THERE IS NEVER ANY END TO WAR, 189 00:12:11,948 --> 00:12:16,908 BECAUSE THEY BELIEVE THAT A RACE LIKE THE GERMANS 190 00:12:16,953 --> 00:12:19,483 COULD ONLY BE KEPT VIGOROUS 191 00:12:19,521 --> 00:12:21,921 BY CONTINUAL WAR AND CONTINUAL CONFLICT. 192 00:12:21,958 --> 00:12:25,658 narrator: BUT IF HITLER'S GOING TO ESTABLISH WORLD SUPREMACY, 193 00:12:25,701 --> 00:12:28,661 HE KNOWS HE'LL HAVE TO DEFEAT HIS GREATEST THREAT 194 00:12:28,704 --> 00:12:32,624 AND ONE DAY CAPTURE THE PRIZE OF THE WEST FOR HIS OWN PEOPLE. 195 00:12:33,840 --> 00:12:37,670 ON DECEMBER 11, 1941, 196 00:12:37,713 --> 00:12:39,983 JUST FOUR DAYS AFTER THE JAPANESE STRIKE 197 00:12:40,020 --> 00:12:41,940 ON PEARL HARBOR, 198 00:12:41,978 --> 00:12:45,938 ADOLF HITLER DECLARES WAR 199 00:12:45,982 --> 00:12:47,812 ON THE UNITED STATES. 200 00:12:52,554 --> 00:12:55,384 - THIS IS REALLY A VERY PUZZLING DECISION. 201 00:12:55,426 --> 00:12:59,426 HITLER ALWAYS LEARNED THE LESSONS OF WORLD WAR I, 202 00:12:59,474 --> 00:13:01,434 AND ONE OF THE LESSONS OF WORLD WAR I IS, 203 00:13:01,476 --> 00:13:03,166 YOU KEEP AMERICA OUT OF THE BATTLE, 204 00:13:03,217 --> 00:13:05,177 AND THAT'S SOMETHING HE'D BEEN DOING ALL ALONG, 205 00:13:05,219 --> 00:13:06,699 BUT BY THIS POINT, 206 00:13:06,742 --> 00:13:09,352 HE WAS SO CONVINCED THAT HE WAS INVINCIBLE, 207 00:13:09,397 --> 00:13:11,877 HE WAS SO CONVINCED THAT HE COULD NOT MAKE MISTAKES, 208 00:13:11,921 --> 00:13:15,581 THAT HE WAS THE MASTER MILITARY STRATEGIST 209 00:13:15,620 --> 00:13:18,750 THAT HE GOES AGAINST HIS OWN LESSONS OF THE PAST. 210 00:13:20,495 --> 00:13:23,365 narrator: HITLER'S FIGHT HAS GONE GLOBAL, 211 00:13:23,411 --> 00:13:28,111 BUT HIS ULTIMATE MISSION IS ONE WITHOUT BORDERS. 212 00:13:33,073 --> 00:13:37,123 [sweeping classical music] 213 00:13:37,164 --> 00:13:45,094 ♪ 214 00:13:45,128 --> 00:13:47,258 - HITLER'S NOTION OF HIS OWN MISSION 215 00:13:47,304 --> 00:13:49,744 REALLY TAKES HOLD. 216 00:13:49,785 --> 00:13:53,915 HE REALIZES THE FUTURE MISSION IS TO ORGANIZE THE GERMAN RACE 217 00:13:53,963 --> 00:13:56,663 SO AS TO BE ABLE TO FACE THE CHALLENGE 218 00:13:56,705 --> 00:14:00,265 OF ITS RACIAL ENEMIES. 219 00:14:00,317 --> 00:14:03,927 narrator: SINCE THE END OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR, 220 00:14:03,973 --> 00:14:06,023 HITLER HAS CAREFULLY OUTLINED HIS PLAN 221 00:14:06,062 --> 00:14:08,762 FOR THE FUTURE OF MANKIND... 222 00:14:08,804 --> 00:14:13,644 ♪ 223 00:14:13,678 --> 00:14:16,458 AND NOW IT'S BECOMING A REALITY. 224 00:14:23,210 --> 00:14:25,910 HITLER SENDS HIS SECRET POLICE 225 00:14:25,952 --> 00:14:30,912 TO ROUND UP GROUPS OF PEOPLE HE DEEMS UNDESIRABLE-- 226 00:14:30,957 --> 00:14:33,867 GYPSIES, HOMOSEXUALS, 227 00:14:33,916 --> 00:14:35,876 PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES, 228 00:14:35,918 --> 00:14:38,438 AND ANYONE OF JEWISH HERITAGE. 229 00:14:41,402 --> 00:14:46,362 - HITLER BELIEVED HE WAS CHOSEN BY DESTINY TO DESTROY THE JEWS. 230 00:14:46,407 --> 00:14:50,977 THE NAZIS UNROLLED THIS MASSIVE WAVE OF TERROR 231 00:14:51,020 --> 00:14:53,370 ON THE STREETS, 232 00:14:53,414 --> 00:14:54,944 ROUNDING UP JEWISH MEN 233 00:14:54,981 --> 00:14:58,071 AND THEN VERY QUICKLY WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 234 00:15:00,987 --> 00:15:04,947 - WE ARE GOING TO HAVE A TOTAL SOLUTION 235 00:15:04,991 --> 00:15:07,171 TO THE JEWISH QUESTION. 236 00:15:10,997 --> 00:15:13,867 THE PROGRAM IS CLEAR. 237 00:15:17,699 --> 00:15:21,269 IT READS TOTAL SEPARATION, 238 00:15:21,311 --> 00:15:24,621 TOTAL SEGREGATION! 239 00:15:24,662 --> 00:15:28,802 IT DOES NOT ONLY MEAN THE EXCLUSION OF THE JEWS 240 00:15:28,840 --> 00:15:31,280 FROM THE GERMAN ECONOMIC SYSTEM. 241 00:15:32,844 --> 00:15:35,634 IT MEANS MUCH MORE! 242 00:15:37,501 --> 00:15:40,811 WE WILL BE FACED WITH THE HARSH NECESSITY 243 00:15:40,852 --> 00:15:45,992 OF ERADICATING THE JEWISH UNDERWORLD, 244 00:15:46,032 --> 00:15:48,342 JUST AS WE WOULD ROOT OUT CRIMINALS 245 00:15:48,382 --> 00:15:51,522 IN OUR OWN STATE-- 246 00:15:51,559 --> 00:15:55,389 WITH FIRE AND SWORD. 247 00:15:57,826 --> 00:16:02,346 THE RESULT WILL BE THE CERTAIN 248 00:16:02,396 --> 00:16:06,696 AND ABSOLUTE END OF JEWRY IN GERMANY... 249 00:16:15,409 --> 00:16:19,499 ITS COMPLETE ANNIHILATION! 250 00:16:24,766 --> 00:16:26,246 narrator: HITLER ORDERS THE PRISONERS 251 00:16:26,289 --> 00:16:28,679 TO BE PACKED ONTO TRAINS... 252 00:16:28,726 --> 00:16:30,946 [train whistle blowing] 253 00:16:30,990 --> 00:16:34,040 [people screaming] 254 00:16:37,866 --> 00:16:41,036 AND TRANSPORTED TO CONCENTRATION CAMPS 255 00:16:41,087 --> 00:16:43,867 LOCATED MILES FROM CIVILIZATION. 256 00:16:49,573 --> 00:16:54,273 - THERE WAS A CONTINUAL, CONTINENTWIDE DELIVERY 257 00:16:54,317 --> 00:16:55,837 OF TRAINLOADS OF JEWS, 258 00:16:55,884 --> 00:16:59,634 AND IN FACT HITLER DENIED HIS MILITARY 259 00:16:59,670 --> 00:17:01,800 TROOP TRAINS AND SUPPLY TRAINS 260 00:17:01,846 --> 00:17:04,846 BECAUSE HE WANTED TO USE THOSE TRAINS 261 00:17:04,893 --> 00:17:08,333 TO TRANSPORT JEWS TO THE DEATH CAMPS. 262 00:17:19,777 --> 00:17:21,337 narrator: HITLER'S DEATH CAMPS 263 00:17:21,388 --> 00:17:24,958 ARE METHODICALLY ORGANIZED FACTORIES OF KILLING. 264 00:17:26,523 --> 00:17:31,013 THE PREFERRED METHOD OF EXECUTION IS GAS. 265 00:17:31,050 --> 00:17:34,050 [gas hissing] 266 00:17:39,232 --> 00:17:43,152 [coughing] 267 00:17:45,455 --> 00:17:48,455 HITLER KNOWS EXACTLY WHAT IT FEELS LIKE 268 00:17:48,502 --> 00:17:50,072 TO BE GASSED. 269 00:17:58,599 --> 00:18:00,169 narrator: AMERICA IS LOCKED IN BATTLE 270 00:18:00,209 --> 00:18:02,689 WITH TWO RUTHLESS AXIS POWERS. 271 00:18:02,733 --> 00:18:04,613 WITH JAPAN ON A TEAR THROUGH ASIA, 272 00:18:04,648 --> 00:18:07,348 AND GERMANY'S RECENT DECLARATION OF WAR, 273 00:18:07,390 --> 00:18:09,650 THE UNITED STATES HAS NO OPTION 274 00:18:09,697 --> 00:18:12,867 BUT TO GO TO BATTLE AGAINST BOTH THREATS. 275 00:18:12,917 --> 00:18:14,567 - AND SO IT BEGINS. 276 00:18:20,882 --> 00:18:23,192 narrator: TOWARD THE END OF 1941, 277 00:18:23,232 --> 00:18:25,892 U.S. PRESIDENT FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT 278 00:18:25,930 --> 00:18:28,150 IS UNDER ENORMOUS PRESSURE. 279 00:18:28,194 --> 00:18:32,424 NO AMERICAN PRESIDENT HAS EVER FACED THE CHALLENGE 280 00:18:32,459 --> 00:18:36,249 OF FIGHTING TWO WARS AT THE SAME TIME. 281 00:18:38,813 --> 00:18:41,773 - ROOSEVELT SAW HIMSELF DEALING WITH 282 00:18:41,816 --> 00:18:43,946 THE RISE OF HITLER IN EUROPE 283 00:18:43,992 --> 00:18:45,992 AND THE RISE OF THE JAPANESE IN ASIA. 284 00:18:46,037 --> 00:18:47,947 - THEY'RE IN POSITION. 285 00:18:47,996 --> 00:18:49,296 - VERY GOOD. 286 00:18:49,345 --> 00:18:51,425 - HE HAD NO DOUBT THAT THE UNITED STATES 287 00:18:51,478 --> 00:18:53,608 WOULD DEFEAT GERMANY AND JAPAN, 288 00:18:53,654 --> 00:18:55,964 BUT IT WAS GONNA BE A LONG HAUL, 289 00:18:56,004 --> 00:19:00,144 AND IT WOULD COST A GREAT DEAL IN MONEY AND LIVES. 290 00:19:02,489 --> 00:19:03,839 narrator: WITH THE FATE OF THE WORLD 291 00:19:03,881 --> 00:19:05,621 HANGING IN THE BALANCE, 292 00:19:05,666 --> 00:19:09,186 ROOSEVELT WELCOMES A VISITOR TO THE WHITE HOUSE-- 293 00:19:09,235 --> 00:19:13,015 BRITISH PRIME MINISTER WINSTON CHURCHILL. 294 00:19:13,064 --> 00:19:14,594 - CHURCHILL ONCE SAID, 295 00:19:14,631 --> 00:19:18,551 THE ONLY THING WORSE THAN GOING TO WAR WITH ALLIES 296 00:19:18,592 --> 00:19:20,642 IS TO GO TO WAR WITHOUT ALLIES. 297 00:19:22,335 --> 00:19:25,685 EACH NATION HAS DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES, 298 00:19:25,729 --> 00:19:27,209 DIFFERENT PRIORITIES, 299 00:19:27,253 --> 00:19:30,043 AND YET WE HAVE TO JUST FACE UP TO THE REALITY 300 00:19:30,081 --> 00:19:32,521 THAT YOU CAN'T DO THINGS ALONE TODAY. 301 00:19:35,435 --> 00:19:38,785 children: ♪ O LITTLE TOWN OF BETHLEHEM ♪ 302 00:19:38,829 --> 00:19:42,399 narrator: AS CHRISTMAS APPROACHES 303 00:19:42,442 --> 00:19:47,402 THE TWO LEADERS WANT TO PRESENT A UNITED FRONT, 304 00:19:47,447 --> 00:19:49,617 LETTING THE WORLD KNOW 305 00:19:49,666 --> 00:19:52,316 THAT THE ALLIES ARE STRONGER THAN EVER. 306 00:19:55,281 --> 00:19:56,671 BUT BEHIND THE SCENES, 307 00:19:56,717 --> 00:19:58,457 ROOSEVELT AND CHURCHILL 308 00:19:58,501 --> 00:20:01,241 ARE DEALING WITH THE ENORMOUS RESPONSIBILITY 309 00:20:01,287 --> 00:20:02,937 OF MAKING DECISIONS 310 00:20:02,984 --> 00:20:07,254 THAT WILL AFFECT THE FUTURE OF ALL HUMANITY. 311 00:20:13,647 --> 00:20:16,947 - TOJO HAS TAKEN HONG KONG. 312 00:20:24,005 --> 00:20:27,485 narrator: THESE TWO MEN ARE ALL THAT STAND IN THE WAY 313 00:20:27,530 --> 00:20:32,270 OF A WORLD CONTROLLED BY ADOLF HITLER 314 00:20:32,318 --> 00:20:33,968 AND THE AXIS POWERS. 315 00:20:34,015 --> 00:20:36,925 children: ♪ ARE MET IN THEE TONIGHT ♪ 316 00:20:41,675 --> 00:20:44,065 narrator: ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE WORLD, 317 00:20:44,112 --> 00:20:47,642 THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC IS ALREADY OUT OF CONTROL. 318 00:20:47,681 --> 00:20:51,161 [siren blaring, engine rumbling] 319 00:20:54,601 --> 00:20:56,911 [explosions] 320 00:20:56,951 --> 00:20:58,911 AFTER THREE MONTHS OF CONTINUOUS FIGHTING 321 00:20:58,953 --> 00:21:03,133 IN THE PHILIPPINES, 322 00:21:03,174 --> 00:21:07,054 THE JAPANESE ARE CLOSING IN ON DOUGLAS MACARTHUR'S BUNKER. 323 00:21:10,486 --> 00:21:12,396 - THE SUPPLY LINE IS ABSOLUTELY IMPORTANT. 324 00:21:12,445 --> 00:21:13,395 - GENERAL. 325 00:21:13,446 --> 00:21:14,486 - YES? 326 00:21:14,534 --> 00:21:16,844 - WE'RE LIVE. 327 00:21:16,884 --> 00:21:19,454 narrator: THE LAST THING MACARTHUR WANTS TO DO 328 00:21:19,495 --> 00:21:21,495 IS SURRENDER THE AMERICAN ISLANDS. 329 00:21:21,541 --> 00:21:25,551 - YES, IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT WE GET SOME REINFORCEMENTS. 330 00:21:25,588 --> 00:21:28,458 YES. YES. WELL, WE'RE UNDER SIEGE. 331 00:21:28,504 --> 00:21:30,164 I NEED CONFIRMATION FROM-- 332 00:21:30,201 --> 00:21:32,511 [rumbling] 333 00:21:32,552 --> 00:21:33,902 IS EVERYONE ALL RIGHT? 334 00:21:33,944 --> 00:21:35,824 narrator: TO DEFEND THE PHILIPPINES, 335 00:21:35,859 --> 00:21:38,079 HE'S PREPARED TO DIE. 336 00:21:44,085 --> 00:21:45,865 BACK IN WASHINGTON, 337 00:21:45,913 --> 00:21:48,663 ROOSEVELT HAS TO ACT QUICKLY. 338 00:21:48,698 --> 00:21:51,878 HE KNOWS LOSING HIS TOP GENERAL 339 00:21:51,919 --> 00:21:57,319 WOULD BE A DEMORALIZING BLOW TO THE U.S. MILITARY 340 00:21:57,359 --> 00:21:59,229 AND AN INCREDIBLE MORAL VICTORY 341 00:21:59,274 --> 00:22:02,064 THAT WOULD ONLY EMPOWER THE JAPANESE. 342 00:22:02,103 --> 00:22:04,503 - WHEN CAN WE GET REINFORCEMENTS TO MACARTHUR? 343 00:22:04,540 --> 00:22:06,540 - WE CAN'T GET REINFORCEMENT TO MACARTHUR. 344 00:22:06,586 --> 00:22:07,886 - HOW MUCH LONGER CAN HE HOLD OUT? 345 00:22:07,935 --> 00:22:09,715 - WE DON'T HAVE THE SUPPLIES. 346 00:22:09,763 --> 00:22:11,903 - AND WHERE'S OUR NAVAL FORCES RIGHT NOW AT THIS MOMENT? 347 00:22:11,939 --> 00:22:13,459 - MR. PRESIDENT, THEY'RE ON THE BATAAN PENINSULA. 348 00:22:13,506 --> 00:22:15,376 - HOW LONG TILL WE CAN GET SUPPORT THERE? 349 00:22:15,421 --> 00:22:16,941 - HE CAN'T HOLD OUT LONG ENOUGH FOR US TO GET SUPPORT. 350 00:22:16,987 --> 00:22:18,247 - HOW LONG? 351 00:22:18,293 --> 00:22:19,773 - IT'LL BE A WEEK. 352 00:22:20,991 --> 00:22:22,381 - WELL, GET MACARTHUR OUT OF THERE! 353 00:22:22,428 --> 00:22:23,988 - HE REFUSES TO LEAVE, SIR. 354 00:22:24,038 --> 00:22:25,258 - TELL HIM IT'S NOT A REQUEST; 355 00:22:25,300 --> 00:22:27,300 IT'S A DAMNED ORDER. 356 00:22:27,346 --> 00:22:28,386 - YES, SIR. 357 00:22:37,443 --> 00:22:40,403 narrator: BUT THE LAST THING MACARTHUR WANTS TO DO 358 00:22:40,446 --> 00:22:42,186 IS ABANDON HIS MEN. 359 00:22:44,188 --> 00:22:45,798 - MACARTHUR'S A MILITARY GUY. 360 00:22:45,842 --> 00:22:47,152 HE'S A GUY WHO LOVES THE MILITARY, 361 00:22:47,191 --> 00:22:48,541 AND ONE OF THE THINGS YOU NEVER DO IS, 362 00:22:48,584 --> 00:22:49,854 YOU NEVER RETREAT, 363 00:22:49,890 --> 00:22:52,630 AND YOU NEVER ABANDON YOUR SOLDIERS, 364 00:22:52,675 --> 00:22:56,415 BUT HE'S BEEN GIVEN AN ORDER BY HIS COMMANDER IN CHIEF. 365 00:23:00,814 --> 00:23:02,824 narrator: AGAINST HIS OWN WISHES, 366 00:23:02,859 --> 00:23:06,119 MACARTHUR RETREATS TO THE SAFETY OF AUSTRALIA, 367 00:23:06,167 --> 00:23:08,467 AND AS SOON AS HE'S GONE, 368 00:23:08,517 --> 00:23:13,037 HIS WORST FEARS ARE REALIZED 369 00:23:13,087 --> 00:23:16,917 AS THE JAPANESE MILITARY OVERTAKES THE AMERICANS 370 00:23:16,960 --> 00:23:18,880 AND FINALLY CAPTURES THE PHILIPPINES. 371 00:23:23,532 --> 00:23:26,672 AS JAPAN CONQUERS THE PACIFIC, 372 00:23:26,709 --> 00:23:29,099 6,000 MILES AWAY 373 00:23:29,146 --> 00:23:31,236 ADOLF HITLER IS LOCKED IN A DEADLY WAR 374 00:23:31,279 --> 00:23:33,109 WITH JOSEPH STALIN. 375 00:23:39,287 --> 00:23:43,157 HITLER KNOWS IF HE CAN CONQUER THE SOVIET UNION, 376 00:23:43,204 --> 00:23:45,164 THE AXIS POWERS WOULD THEN CONTROL 377 00:23:45,206 --> 00:23:47,896 ALL OF EUROPE AND ASIA, 378 00:23:47,948 --> 00:23:51,298 RULING OVER 30% OF THE GLOBE. 379 00:23:51,342 --> 00:23:54,352 - STALIN AND HITLER ARE ENGAGED IN THIS BATTLE, 380 00:23:54,389 --> 00:23:55,649 WHICH IS AS MUCH ABOUT EGO 381 00:23:55,695 --> 00:23:57,905 AS IT IS ABOUT MILITARY STRATEGY. 382 00:23:57,958 --> 00:24:00,048 LIKE A TARANTULA AND SCORPION IN A BOTTLE, 383 00:24:00,090 --> 00:24:01,790 THEY'RE FIGHTING, 384 00:24:01,831 --> 00:24:04,881 AND THEY'RE FIGHTING OVER THE CORPSE OF THEIR OWN TROOPS. 385 00:24:08,534 --> 00:24:10,494 narrator: HITLER'S MILITARY IS ABOUT TO CAPTURE 386 00:24:10,536 --> 00:24:12,016 THE SOVIET CAPITAL, 387 00:24:12,059 --> 00:24:13,969 BUT WITH VICTORY IN SIGHT, 388 00:24:14,017 --> 00:24:16,667 HITLER LETS HIS EGO TAKE OVER, 389 00:24:16,716 --> 00:24:19,146 SUDDENLY CHANGING HIS BATTLE PLAN 390 00:24:19,196 --> 00:24:21,546 AND SENDING MILLIONS OF TROOPS 391 00:24:21,590 --> 00:24:24,380 TO CONVERGE ON AN INDUSTRIAL CITY 392 00:24:24,419 --> 00:24:29,639 SO IMPORTANT TO JOSEPH STALIN, IT BEARS HIS NAME: 393 00:24:29,685 --> 00:24:31,425 STALINGRAD. 394 00:24:33,254 --> 00:24:35,874 [airplane engines roaring] 395 00:24:43,960 --> 00:24:47,220 - HITLER THOUGHT THIS IS A PERSONAL BATTLE WITH STALIN, 396 00:24:47,268 --> 00:24:49,878 SO HE BEGAN POURING RESOURCES INTO STALINGRAD 397 00:24:49,923 --> 00:24:51,533 BECAUSE STALINGRAD-- 398 00:24:51,577 --> 00:24:54,537 A TOWN OF ALTHOUGH NO PARTICULAR STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE-- 399 00:24:54,580 --> 00:24:56,230 HAD THE NAME OF STALIN. 400 00:24:56,277 --> 00:24:59,407 narrator: AS HITLER'S MEN CONVERGE ON STALINGRAD, 401 00:24:59,454 --> 00:25:02,544 THEY COME FACE-TO-FACE WITH STALIN'S RED ARMY. 402 00:25:02,588 --> 00:25:06,068 HITLER'S CONVINCED IF HE CAN TAKE STALINGRAD, 403 00:25:06,113 --> 00:25:09,813 HE'LL BE ONE STEP AWAY FROM GLOBAL DOMINATION. 404 00:25:16,558 --> 00:25:18,388 narrator: IN LESS THAN SIX MONTHS, 405 00:25:18,429 --> 00:25:20,779 PRESIDENT FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT 406 00:25:20,823 --> 00:25:22,483 HAS WATCHED THE JAPANESE MILITARY 407 00:25:22,521 --> 00:25:26,261 DEVASTATE HIS NAVAL FLEET 408 00:25:26,307 --> 00:25:29,877 AND CONQUER THE PACIFIC ISLAND BY ISLAND. 409 00:25:29,919 --> 00:25:33,659 WITH HITLER ON THE VERGE OF TAKING CONTROL OF EUROPE, 410 00:25:33,706 --> 00:25:35,486 THE THREAT OF WAR IS NOW CLOSING IN 411 00:25:35,534 --> 00:25:39,234 ON THE UNITED STATES FROM BOTH DIRECTIONS, 412 00:25:39,276 --> 00:25:41,186 AND ROOSEVELT IS INCREASINGLY DESPERATE 413 00:25:41,235 --> 00:25:45,065 FOR ANYTHING THAT CAN TURN THE TIDE OF THE WAR. 414 00:25:56,903 --> 00:26:00,473 U.S. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE HAS BEEN WORKING AROUND THE CLOCK 415 00:26:00,515 --> 00:26:04,255 INTERCEPTING ENCRYPTED JAPANESE MILITARY DISPATCHES 416 00:26:04,301 --> 00:26:07,571 HOPING TO GET WIND OF THE NEXT ATTACK. 417 00:26:10,917 --> 00:26:13,787 AND IN MAY OF 1942, 418 00:26:13,833 --> 00:26:17,453 THE U.S. NAVY GIVES ROOSEVELT 419 00:26:17,488 --> 00:26:20,228 THE OPPORTUNITY HE'S BEEN WAITING FOR. 420 00:26:23,886 --> 00:26:25,626 - WHAT IS IT? 421 00:26:25,671 --> 00:26:28,331 - WE'VE BROKEN THE CODE. 422 00:26:28,369 --> 00:26:31,809 IT'S MIDWAY. 423 00:26:31,851 --> 00:26:33,941 - HOW SURE ARE YOU? 424 00:26:33,983 --> 00:26:35,293 - VERY. 425 00:26:40,511 --> 00:26:41,641 - ALERT THE FLEETS. 426 00:26:46,387 --> 00:26:47,817 narrator: THE DECIPHERED MESSAGES 427 00:26:47,867 --> 00:26:52,787 CONTAIN DETAILS OF JAPAN'S NEXT PLANNED ATTACK-- 428 00:26:52,828 --> 00:26:55,658 THE MIDWAY ISLANDS. 429 00:26:55,701 --> 00:26:59,531 SITUATED HALFWAY BETWEEN ASIA AND THE UNITED STATES, 430 00:26:59,574 --> 00:27:03,364 MIDWAY IS HOME TO A CRUCIAL AMERICAN AIRFIELD. 431 00:27:03,404 --> 00:27:05,364 IF THE JAPANESE TAKE MIDWAY, 432 00:27:05,406 --> 00:27:08,576 THEY'LL CONTROL ALL OF THE PACIFIC. 433 00:27:08,627 --> 00:27:10,367 WHAT'S WORSE, 434 00:27:10,411 --> 00:27:13,021 THEY'LL HAVE A LAUNCHING POINT FOR A POTENTIAL ATTACK 435 00:27:13,066 --> 00:27:16,896 ON THE WEST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES. 436 00:27:16,939 --> 00:27:19,639 AFTER THE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR, 437 00:27:19,681 --> 00:27:22,031 THE U.S. HAS JUST THREE AIRCRAFT CARRIERS LEFT 438 00:27:22,075 --> 00:27:24,595 IN THE PACIFIC, 439 00:27:24,643 --> 00:27:27,043 BUT ROOSEVELT KNOWS THIS IS HIS CHANCE 440 00:27:27,080 --> 00:27:30,560 TO MAKE A LAST STAND AGAINST JAPAN... 441 00:27:32,868 --> 00:27:37,438 SO HE SENDS THE THREE REMAINING CARRIERS TO MIDWAY 442 00:27:37,481 --> 00:27:41,311 TO LIE IN WAIT FOR AN AMBUSH 443 00:27:41,355 --> 00:27:43,655 ON THE JAPANESE FLEET. 444 00:27:47,796 --> 00:27:50,226 - GOD BE WITH US. 445 00:27:55,848 --> 00:28:00,068 narrator: ON JUNE 4, 1942, 446 00:28:00,113 --> 00:28:04,123 THE U.S. FLEET QUIETLY POSITIONS ITSELF AROUND MIDWAY. 447 00:28:07,816 --> 00:28:11,686 AND AS THE JAPANESE NAVY CRESTS THE HORIZON... 448 00:28:14,257 --> 00:28:17,867 THE AMERICANS LAUNCH THEIR SURPRISE ATTACK. 449 00:28:24,050 --> 00:28:27,310 [gunfire] 450 00:28:31,884 --> 00:28:34,894 [explosion booming] 451 00:28:41,110 --> 00:28:43,160 [telephone rings] 452 00:28:48,161 --> 00:28:49,471 - YES? 453 00:28:54,254 --> 00:28:55,784 THERE ARE FOUR CARRIERS DESTROYED. 454 00:28:58,127 --> 00:29:00,427 - I THOUGHT WE ONLY HAD THREE? 455 00:29:00,477 --> 00:29:02,917 - FOUR JAPANESE CARRIERS, SIR. 456 00:29:06,309 --> 00:29:08,619 WE NEED AN UPDATE ON EVERYTHING SENT OVER RIGHT AWAY. 457 00:29:17,364 --> 00:29:18,844 narrator: IN JUST SIX MINUTES, 458 00:29:18,887 --> 00:29:21,977 FOUR OF THE SAME JAPANESE AIRCRAFT CARRIERS 459 00:29:22,021 --> 00:29:26,551 USED IN THE PEARL HARBOR ATTACK ARE DESTROYED, 460 00:29:26,590 --> 00:29:32,290 AND OVER 3,000 JAPANESE SOLDIERS ARE KILLED. 461 00:29:32,335 --> 00:29:34,685 - ROOSEVELT ABSOLUTELY BETS THE FARM, 462 00:29:34,729 --> 00:29:36,949 AND THEY DESTROYED FOUR OF THE BIGGEST CARRIERS 463 00:29:36,992 --> 00:29:39,172 IN THE JAPANESE NAVY. 464 00:29:39,212 --> 00:29:42,302 AND IT TOOK A COMMANDER WHO WAS PREPARED 465 00:29:42,345 --> 00:29:44,345 TO MAKE THE BOLD DECISION 466 00:29:44,391 --> 00:29:47,261 TO ACT WHEN THE EASY THING WOULD HAVE BEEN TO, 467 00:29:47,307 --> 00:29:49,347 YOU KNOW, TO PLAY IT SAFE. 468 00:29:49,396 --> 00:29:54,226 HE DIDN'T PLAY IT SAFE, AND HE WON A TREMENDOUS VICTORY. 469 00:29:55,881 --> 00:29:58,361 narrator: THE UNITED STATES HAS DEALT JAPAN 470 00:29:58,405 --> 00:30:01,535 ITS FIRST MAJOR DEFEAT IN THE WAR. 471 00:30:25,824 --> 00:30:28,174 - ONE MOMENT, GENTLEMEN. 472 00:30:32,918 --> 00:30:36,748 narrator: FOR JAPANESE PRIME MINISTER HIDEKI TOJO, 473 00:30:36,791 --> 00:30:42,191 THE LOSS AT MIDWAY IS A HUMILIATING FAILURE. 474 00:30:42,231 --> 00:30:45,061 - DO NOT SPEAK A WORD OF THIS TO ANYONE. 475 00:30:53,982 --> 00:30:57,462 narrator: MEANWHILE IN RUSSIA, 476 00:30:57,507 --> 00:30:59,337 JOSEPH STALIN AND ADOLF HITLER 477 00:30:59,379 --> 00:31:03,689 ORDER HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF THEIR OWN TROOPS INTO BATTLE, 478 00:31:03,731 --> 00:31:07,691 WAGING A WAR OF EGO FOR THE CITY OF STALINGRAD. 479 00:31:19,747 --> 00:31:21,527 FOR STALIN, 480 00:31:21,575 --> 00:31:26,225 THE CITY THAT BEARS HIS NAME IS INVALUABLE, 481 00:31:26,275 --> 00:31:29,015 AND HE'LL SACRIFICE ANYTHING TO DEFEND IT. 482 00:31:29,061 --> 00:31:31,591 - THERE ARE NO DESERTIONS. 483 00:31:31,628 --> 00:31:34,018 EVERY SOLDIER MUST FIGHT-- 484 00:31:34,066 --> 00:31:35,976 FIGHT TO THE DEATH. 485 00:31:39,071 --> 00:31:41,731 narrator: THE DEADLY BATTLE SEEMS UNENDING... 486 00:31:41,769 --> 00:31:44,819 [gunfire] 487 00:31:44,859 --> 00:31:48,599 BUT THE SOVIETS HAVE A SECRET ADVANTAGE 488 00:31:48,645 --> 00:31:52,905 THAT PROMISES TO PUT THEM ONE STEP AHEAD OF THE GERMANS... 489 00:31:57,306 --> 00:31:59,396 THE RUSSIAN WINTER. 490 00:31:59,439 --> 00:32:03,009 - HITLER THOUGHT THAT HE WOULD GET TO MOSCOW 491 00:32:03,051 --> 00:32:04,101 BEFORE THE WINTER, 492 00:32:04,139 --> 00:32:06,619 BUT THE WINTER HAD SET IN, 493 00:32:06,663 --> 00:32:09,013 AND THE GERMAN ARMY WAS UNPREPARED. 494 00:32:09,057 --> 00:32:15,407 THE ENTIRE SIBERIAN WINTERIZED TROOPS CAME WESTWARD 495 00:32:15,455 --> 00:32:18,975 AND MADE MINCEMEAT OUT OF HITLER'S PANZER DIVISIONS. 496 00:32:19,024 --> 00:32:22,114 [men shouting, gunshots] 497 00:32:24,943 --> 00:32:27,123 GERMAN WEAPONS AND UNIFORMS AREN'T DESIGNED 498 00:32:27,162 --> 00:32:30,862 FOR RUSSIA'S BRUTAL WINTER, 499 00:32:30,905 --> 00:32:32,855 AND IT ISN'T LONG. 500 00:32:32,907 --> 00:32:34,687 BEFORE HITLER'S MEN... 501 00:32:34,735 --> 00:32:36,255 [explosion] 502 00:32:36,302 --> 00:32:39,092 ARE COMPLETELY OVERWHELMED. 503 00:32:39,131 --> 00:32:40,441 [gunshot] 504 00:32:48,183 --> 00:32:52,363 [classical music] 505 00:32:52,405 --> 00:32:56,185 [indistinct chatter] 506 00:32:56,235 --> 00:32:59,105 - ONE TIME, I'M WALKING WITH THE DOG, 507 00:32:59,151 --> 00:33:01,461 AND THE DOG KICKS MY LEGS OUT FROM UNDER ME. 508 00:33:01,501 --> 00:33:03,721 I WIND UP FALLING INTO THE-- 509 00:33:03,764 --> 00:33:05,814 AND ROLLING DOWN THE HILL IN THIS WAY. 510 00:33:18,083 --> 00:33:20,963 - SIT. 511 00:33:20,999 --> 00:33:22,259 PLEASE. 512 00:33:28,049 --> 00:33:30,829 - THE RUSSIANS HAVE HALTED OUR ADVANCE. 513 00:33:36,492 --> 00:33:40,762 WE HAVE LOST THE 14TH AND 22ND PANZER DIVISION. 514 00:33:43,847 --> 00:33:44,807 ALLOW ME TO EXPLAIN. 515 00:33:44,848 --> 00:33:46,758 - ENOUGH! 516 00:33:56,904 --> 00:33:59,784 - HITLER WAS FAMOUS FOR TELLING ORGANIZATIONS 517 00:33:59,820 --> 00:34:02,520 NOT TO RETREAT. 518 00:34:02,562 --> 00:34:05,172 HE WOULD PUT ORGANIZATIONS IN A PLACE LIKE STALINGRAD, 519 00:34:05,217 --> 00:34:07,257 AND HE SAID, "YOU CANNOT GIVE UP AN INCH OF GROUND," 520 00:34:07,306 --> 00:34:11,216 WHEN IT WAS MILITARILY ILLOGICAL TO DO THAT. 521 00:34:11,266 --> 00:34:13,396 IT JUST DOESN'T MAKE SENSE TO DO THAT. 522 00:34:13,442 --> 00:34:14,882 ARMIES MOVE UP AND BACK, 523 00:34:14,922 --> 00:34:17,882 AND YOU HAVE TO BE RESPONSIVE TO CONDITIONS. 524 00:34:21,233 --> 00:34:23,063 - YOU CAN'T UNDERSTAND ADOLF HITLER'S ACTIONS 525 00:34:23,104 --> 00:34:25,114 IN WORLD WAR II WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING 526 00:34:25,150 --> 00:34:27,540 THE LESSONS HE LEARNED FROM WORLD WAR I. 527 00:34:27,587 --> 00:34:29,547 ONE OF THE MOST CRITICAL LESSONS HE LEARNED WAS, 528 00:34:29,589 --> 00:34:31,109 YOU NEVER GIVE UP, 529 00:34:31,156 --> 00:34:32,846 THAT YOU NEVER SURRENDER. 530 00:34:32,896 --> 00:34:37,246 HE WAS SO TRAUMATIZED BY THE GERMAN SURRENDER IN WORLD WAR I 531 00:34:37,292 --> 00:34:39,512 THAT HE WAS DETERMINED UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES 532 00:34:39,555 --> 00:34:42,075 WOULD HE SURRENDER IN WORLD WAR II. 533 00:34:44,473 --> 00:34:46,823 narrator: BLIND TO ALL LOGIC, 534 00:34:46,867 --> 00:34:49,827 HITLER SENDS MORE TROOPS INTO ALMOST CERTAIN DEATH. 535 00:34:49,870 --> 00:34:52,480 [men shouting, cannon booming] 536 00:34:52,525 --> 00:34:54,825 [explosion] 537 00:34:56,224 --> 00:35:00,584 ONE GERMAN SOLDIER DIES EVERY SEVEN SECONDS. 538 00:35:07,844 --> 00:35:11,244 - ON THIS, OUR TENTH ANNIVERSARY, 539 00:35:11,283 --> 00:35:14,503 WE CELEBRATE... 540 00:35:14,547 --> 00:35:18,417 narrator: ON FEBRUARY 2, 1943, 541 00:35:18,464 --> 00:35:21,214 HITLER PREPARES FOR THE TENTH ANNIVERSARY 542 00:35:21,249 --> 00:35:23,859 OF THE FOUNDING THE THIRD REICH. 543 00:35:25,384 --> 00:35:26,734 - MEIN FUEHRER. 544 00:35:26,776 --> 00:35:28,736 - WHAT IS IT? 545 00:35:28,778 --> 00:35:30,738 - NEWS FROM THE 6TH ARMY. 546 00:35:34,915 --> 00:35:36,865 THEY'VE BEEN DESTROYED. 547 00:35:40,094 --> 00:35:42,014 - DESTROYED? 548 00:35:44,142 --> 00:35:46,712 HOW IS THIS POSSIBLE? 549 00:35:46,753 --> 00:35:48,363 - THEY SURRENDERED. 550 00:35:55,675 --> 00:35:58,675 - SURRENDERED? 551 00:35:58,721 --> 00:36:01,121 1/4 MILLION MEN, 552 00:36:01,159 --> 00:36:04,119 AN ENTIRE ARMY OF THE REICH, 553 00:36:04,162 --> 00:36:07,992 SURRENDERED? 554 00:36:08,035 --> 00:36:10,255 SONS OF THE FATHERLAND 555 00:36:10,298 --> 00:36:13,168 NOW TRAITORS TO THEIR RACE. 556 00:36:13,214 --> 00:36:15,134 THEIR VERY NAMES ARE A CURSE ON THIS NATION, 557 00:36:15,173 --> 00:36:17,003 ON THEIR MOTHERS, ON THEIR CHILDREN, 558 00:36:17,044 --> 00:36:19,574 ON THEIR BROTHERS AND SISTERS! 559 00:36:23,529 --> 00:36:27,619 THE STAIN OF THEIR PERFIDY IS DARKER THAN BLOOD! 560 00:36:34,844 --> 00:36:38,244 I WILL HEAR NO MORE OF THIS. 561 00:36:47,770 --> 00:36:50,860 SURRENDERED... 562 00:36:50,904 --> 00:36:54,564 JUST TO DIE IN A PRISON CAMP? 563 00:36:57,258 --> 00:37:01,868 THE GODS OF WAR HAVE ABANDONED US. 564 00:37:04,744 --> 00:37:08,054 narrator: WHAT'S LEFT OF THE GERMAN ARMY IS IN SHAMBLES, 565 00:37:08,095 --> 00:37:11,525 AND THE MAN WHO SEEMED TO BE ON THE ROAD TO WORLD DOMINATION 566 00:37:11,577 --> 00:37:15,277 MUST NOW WATCH HIS GREATEST ENEMY CLAIM VICTORY 567 00:37:15,320 --> 00:37:17,410 AND FOR THE FIRST TIME 568 00:37:17,452 --> 00:37:20,192 FACE THE POSSIBILITY OF ULTIMATE DEFEAT. 569 00:37:27,201 --> 00:37:30,511 narrator: WAR IS RAGING AROUND THE GLOBE, 570 00:37:30,552 --> 00:37:32,992 AND FOR THE FIRST TIME 571 00:37:33,033 --> 00:37:37,993 ADOLF HITLER HAS SUFFERED A DEVASTATING DEFEAT 572 00:37:38,038 --> 00:37:40,298 AT THE HANDS OF JOSEPH STALIN 573 00:37:40,345 --> 00:37:42,825 WHO NOW LOOKS TO BE UNSTOPPABLE. 574 00:37:50,746 --> 00:37:54,096 PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT IS BEGINNING TO FEAR 575 00:37:54,141 --> 00:37:57,451 THAT IF JOSEPH STALIN DEFEATS ADOLF HITLER ALONE, 576 00:37:57,492 --> 00:38:00,502 HE'LL CONQUER EUROPE FOR HIMSELF, 577 00:38:00,539 --> 00:38:04,149 REPLACING ONE TYRANT WITH ANOTHER. 578 00:38:04,194 --> 00:38:07,634 ROOSEVELT KNOWS HE NEEDS TO GET THE AMERICANS INTO EUROPE 579 00:38:07,676 --> 00:38:10,506 AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE. 580 00:38:11,767 --> 00:38:14,547 HE SENDS AN ALLIED FORCE INTO SICILY, 581 00:38:14,596 --> 00:38:16,896 HOPING TO CAPTURE THE ISLAND 582 00:38:16,946 --> 00:38:19,596 SO HE CAN ESTABLISH A BASE OF OPERATIONS 583 00:38:19,645 --> 00:38:21,075 TO LAUNCH AN ATTACK 584 00:38:21,124 --> 00:38:23,784 AGAINST THE AXIS POWERS IN EUROPE. 585 00:38:27,305 --> 00:38:29,255 THE MOMENT THE ALLIES HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR 586 00:38:29,307 --> 00:38:32,267 HAS FINALLY ARRIVED. 587 00:38:32,310 --> 00:38:36,580 OVER 160,000 TROOPS STORM INTO SICILY 588 00:38:36,618 --> 00:38:39,618 IN THE FIRST MAJOR AMERICAN OPERATION 589 00:38:39,665 --> 00:38:42,405 IN THE EUROPEAN THEATER. 590 00:38:42,450 --> 00:38:45,450 LEADING THE CHARGE FOR THE AMERICANS 591 00:38:45,497 --> 00:38:47,277 IS ROOSEVELT'S SECRET WEAPON... 592 00:38:52,939 --> 00:38:58,549 A MAN WHO'S WAITED 25 YEARS FOR THIS MOMENT, 593 00:38:58,597 --> 00:39:01,597 LIEUTENANT GENERAL GEORGE S. PATTON. 594 00:39:03,732 --> 00:39:05,822 - LEADERS LIKE GEORGE PATTON, 595 00:39:05,865 --> 00:39:10,035 AROUND WHOM AN AURA BEGINS TO GROW, 596 00:39:10,086 --> 00:39:13,176 HAVE EXTRAORDINARY POWER. 597 00:39:13,220 --> 00:39:16,270 FOR ONE, THEY INSPIRE THEIR OWN SIDE. 598 00:39:16,310 --> 00:39:18,920 THERE IS A SENSE THAT WHEN YOU ARE WORKING FOR PATTON 599 00:39:18,965 --> 00:39:20,875 WE ARE GONNA DO THINGS FASTER AND BETTER, 600 00:39:20,923 --> 00:39:21,883 AND WE'RE GONNA WIN. 601 00:39:21,924 --> 00:39:24,584 I WORK FOR A WINNER. 602 00:39:24,623 --> 00:39:26,283 narrator: IN THE YEARS SINCE HE COMMANDED 603 00:39:26,320 --> 00:39:28,020 AMERICA'S FIRST EVER TANK BRIGADE 604 00:39:28,061 --> 00:39:30,541 IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR, 605 00:39:30,585 --> 00:39:33,065 PATTON HAS PERSONALLY DEDICATED HIMSELF 606 00:39:33,109 --> 00:39:36,239 TO BUILDING UP THE U.S. TANK DIVISION 607 00:39:36,286 --> 00:39:38,546 FROM JUST A FEW DOZEN TANKS 608 00:39:38,593 --> 00:39:42,213 TO OVER 88,000. 609 00:39:42,249 --> 00:39:45,909 PATTON ARRIVES IN SICILY WITH A PLAN TO TAKE CONTROL. 610 00:39:45,948 --> 00:39:47,558 - I NEED YOU TWO TO FIND ME 611 00:39:47,602 --> 00:39:52,092 THE MOST PROBABLE PATH THROUGH HERE. 612 00:39:52,128 --> 00:39:53,298 narrator: HE'S GOING TO SEIZE 613 00:39:53,347 --> 00:39:55,257 THE SICILIAN CAPITAL OF PALERMO, 614 00:39:55,305 --> 00:39:58,085 AND HE'S GOING TO DO IT BY ANY MEANS NECESSARY. 615 00:39:58,134 --> 00:39:59,754 - PATTON WAS AN INTERESTING CHARACTER, 616 00:39:59,788 --> 00:40:02,568 BECAUSE HE WAS THE FLAMBOYANT LEADER 617 00:40:02,617 --> 00:40:07,617 THAT PEOPLE RESPECTED FOR WHAT HE DID, 618 00:40:07,666 --> 00:40:10,316 BUT THERE WAS ALWAYS A SECOND HALF TO THE SENTENCE. 619 00:40:10,364 --> 00:40:13,504 GEORGE PATTON IS BRILLIANT, BUT... 620 00:40:13,541 --> 00:40:14,851 HE'S EGOTISTICAL. 621 00:40:14,890 --> 00:40:19,330 HE CAN'T CONTROL RUNNING HIS MOUTH. 622 00:40:19,373 --> 00:40:23,073 narrator: ON JULY 18, 1943, 623 00:40:23,116 --> 00:40:26,376 PATTON AND HIS FORCES LAUNCH AN ASSAULT ON PALERMO... 624 00:40:30,210 --> 00:40:33,210 [cannons booming, explosions] 625 00:40:38,131 --> 00:40:41,481 SWEEPING AROUND THE ENEMY 626 00:40:41,526 --> 00:40:44,006 AND CAPTURING THE CITY IN JUST 72 HOURS. 627 00:40:44,050 --> 00:40:47,230 [gunfire] 628 00:40:47,270 --> 00:40:49,580 [explosion] 629 00:40:57,933 --> 00:41:01,423 AND NOW WITH SICILY UNDER THEIR CONTROL, 630 00:41:01,459 --> 00:41:04,419 THE ALLIES ARE READY TO LAUNCH A MASSIVE ATTACK 631 00:41:04,462 --> 00:41:06,252 ON THE AXIS POWERS. 632 00:41:08,988 --> 00:41:12,118 ON SEPTEMBER 3, 1943, 633 00:41:12,165 --> 00:41:15,945 ALLIED ARMIES MOVE INTO MAINLAND ITALY, 634 00:41:15,995 --> 00:41:19,035 FIGHTING BACK THOUSANDS OF AXIS TROOPS. 635 00:41:28,311 --> 00:41:32,011 AS THE ALLIES TAKE ITALY CITY BY CITY, 636 00:41:32,054 --> 00:41:35,064 BENITO MUSSOLINI IS FORCED TO WATCH 637 00:41:35,101 --> 00:41:38,971 HIS BELOVED EMPIRE BEGIN TO CRUMBLE. 638 00:41:39,018 --> 00:41:41,628 BEFORE LONG, MUSSOLINI IS SUMMONED 639 00:41:41,673 --> 00:41:46,033 FOR AN EMERGENCY MEETING WITH HIS CLOSEST ALLY. 640 00:42:04,826 --> 00:42:08,216 MUSSOLINI MAY HAVE COME TO POWER FIRST, 641 00:42:08,264 --> 00:42:11,144 BUT NOW THE TABLES HAVE TURNED. 642 00:42:29,764 --> 00:42:32,164 - WHAT YOU ARE DOING TO US NOW IS, 643 00:42:32,201 --> 00:42:34,421 YOU ARE CAUSING US TO HAVE SUCH PROBLEMS, 644 00:42:34,464 --> 00:42:37,604 AND BE THE TYPE OF ALLY WHO CAN BE OF SOME USE TO US. 645 00:42:37,642 --> 00:42:38,822 WELL, WHY? 646 00:42:38,860 --> 00:42:40,170 WHY DO WE HAVE THIS RELATIONSHIP? 647 00:42:40,209 --> 00:42:41,909 GERMANY HAS GIVEN YOU EVERYTHING. 648 00:42:41,950 --> 00:42:44,080 WE HAVE GIVEN YOU ALL THAT YOU HAVE NEEDED. 649 00:42:44,126 --> 00:42:46,256 WE HAVE GIVEN YOU ARTILLERY WHEN YOU NEEDED ARTILLERY. 650 00:42:46,302 --> 00:42:47,522 WE GAVE YOU MEN. 651 00:42:47,565 --> 00:42:48,955 WE GAVE OUR TREASURE, OUR BLOOD, 652 00:42:49,001 --> 00:42:51,091 AND NOW YOU COME TO ME AND YOU SAY NO? 653 00:42:51,133 --> 00:42:53,353 WE HAVE SPENT ENOUGH TIME TALKING 654 00:42:53,396 --> 00:42:57,306 OVER THESE INANE SUGGESTIONS OF YOURS 655 00:42:57,357 --> 00:43:00,577 ABOUT HOW TO CARRY ON THIS WAR, AND YOU WILL STOP! 656 00:43:08,673 --> 00:43:09,983 - THERE ARE SEVERAL TURNING POINTS 657 00:43:10,022 --> 00:43:12,372 IN THE HITLER-MUSSOLINI RELATIONSHIP. 658 00:43:12,415 --> 00:43:14,635 FIRST OF ALL, HITLER REGARDS MUSSOLINI 659 00:43:14,679 --> 00:43:17,329 AS THE MAN WHO SETS THE EXAMPLE. 660 00:43:17,377 --> 00:43:21,337 THE NEXT STEP IS IN THE WAR, 661 00:43:21,381 --> 00:43:23,991 AND WHEN MUSSOLINI DOES COME IN, IT'S A FIASCO. 662 00:43:24,036 --> 00:43:27,646 THE ITALIANS NOW BECOME VERY MUCH THE SECOND CLASS. 663 00:43:27,692 --> 00:43:32,392 HITLER BEGAN TO REGARD THE ITALIANS AS WEAK, 664 00:43:32,435 --> 00:43:35,525 AS THE WEAK LINK IN THE AXIS. 665 00:43:39,617 --> 00:43:41,577 narrator: MUSSOLINI IS SENT BACK TO ROME 666 00:43:41,619 --> 00:43:46,099 WITH INSTRUCTIONS TO HOLD THE LINE, 667 00:43:46,145 --> 00:43:48,705 BUT LESS THAN TWO MONTHS LATER, 668 00:43:48,756 --> 00:43:51,276 ITALY SURRENDERS TO THE ALLIES. 669 00:43:51,324 --> 00:43:54,414 THE FIRST MAJOR AXIS POWER HAS FALLEN. 670 00:43:54,457 --> 00:43:58,327 ADOLF HITLER HAS WATCHED THE MAN HE ONCE IDOLIZED 671 00:43:58,374 --> 00:44:02,254 OVERTHROWN IN DISGRACE, 672 00:44:02,291 --> 00:44:06,171 AND HE KNOWS THE ALLIES ARE COMING FOR HIM NEXT. 673 00:44:12,911 --> 00:44:15,831 narrator: THE TIDE OF THE WORLD WAR IS TURNING 674 00:44:15,870 --> 00:44:21,050 AS THE ALLIES LED BY PATTON TAKE DOWN ITALY. 675 00:44:21,093 --> 00:44:22,443 - WHY DO WE HAVE THIS RELATIONSHIP? 676 00:44:22,485 --> 00:44:23,745 STOP! 677 00:44:28,491 --> 00:44:30,361 narrator: DURING THE CAMPAIGN, 678 00:44:30,406 --> 00:44:33,756 PATTON CONQUERED ITALY IN JUST SIX WEEKS, 679 00:44:33,801 --> 00:44:36,461 BUT HIS ARMY SUFFERED 6,000 KILLED 680 00:44:36,499 --> 00:44:38,369 AND 16,000 WOUNDED. 681 00:44:41,156 --> 00:44:44,896 BUT PATTON KNOWS THE JOB'S NOT DONE, 682 00:44:44,943 --> 00:44:46,643 AND HE NEEDS EVERY MAN HE CAN GET 683 00:44:46,684 --> 00:44:48,864 BACK ON THE BATTLEFIELD. 684 00:44:54,822 --> 00:44:56,482 - SOLDIER. 685 00:45:09,750 --> 00:45:13,750 WHY ARE YOU HERE, SON? 686 00:45:13,798 --> 00:45:17,148 'CAUSE YOU LOOK HEALTHY ENOUGH TO ME RIGHT NOW. 687 00:45:18,890 --> 00:45:23,290 YOU SEEM CAPABLE ENOUGH FOR FIGHTING TO ME. 688 00:45:24,809 --> 00:45:28,989 - IN OUR OWN DAY WE KNOW OF THE DIFFICULTY OF BATTLE 689 00:45:29,030 --> 00:45:30,990 AND POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS, 690 00:45:31,032 --> 00:45:32,602 BUT IN THE 1940s, 691 00:45:32,642 --> 00:45:34,732 THESE WERE NOT TERMS THAT WERE COMMONLY USED, 692 00:45:34,775 --> 00:45:38,035 AND FOR PATTON IF SOMEONE HAD BATTLE FATIGUE-- 693 00:45:38,083 --> 00:45:41,303 IT WAS SIMPLY YOU WERE BEING A COWARD. 694 00:45:41,347 --> 00:45:42,997 - LOOK AT ME, SON. 695 00:45:46,004 --> 00:45:51,444 YOU MIGHT GET SHOT AND KILLED, 696 00:45:51,487 --> 00:45:54,057 BUT YOU'RE GOING TO FIGHT. 697 00:45:58,320 --> 00:45:59,450 - PLEASE DON'T SEND ME BACK. 698 00:45:59,495 --> 00:46:00,705 - YOU COWARD. 699 00:46:17,209 --> 00:46:21,129 narrator: NEWS OF THE INCIDENT QUICKLY GOES PUBLIC. 700 00:46:21,169 --> 00:46:24,129 - ONCE THE STORY GOT OUT, THE PUBLIC WAS OUTRAGED, 701 00:46:24,172 --> 00:46:27,182 AND ROOSEVELT WAS PUT INTO A BOX. 702 00:46:27,219 --> 00:46:28,699 EVEN THOUGH HE REALIZED THAT PATTON 703 00:46:28,742 --> 00:46:29,872 WAS ONE OF HIS BEST GENERALS, 704 00:46:29,917 --> 00:46:31,877 HE HAD TO PUNISH HIM IN SOME WAY. 705 00:46:39,753 --> 00:46:41,363 narrator: ROOSEVELT HAS NO CHOICE 706 00:46:41,407 --> 00:46:45,717 BUT TO PULL PATTON FROM ACTIVE DUTY. 707 00:46:45,759 --> 00:46:48,849 WITH WAR STILL RAGING ON TWO FRONTS, 708 00:46:48,893 --> 00:46:53,593 ROOSEVELT BELIEVES THE ALLIES MAY NEED A NEW STRATEGY. 709 00:46:53,636 --> 00:46:56,416 HE REACHES OUT TO WINSTON CHURCHILL... 710 00:46:56,465 --> 00:46:58,155 [telephone ringing] 711 00:46:58,206 --> 00:46:59,376 - YES? 712 00:46:59,425 --> 00:47:00,765 narrator: CONVINCING HIM THEY NEED 713 00:47:00,818 --> 00:47:03,168 TO TEAM UP WITH AN UNLIKELY PARTNER-- 714 00:47:03,211 --> 00:47:05,521 JOSEPH STALIN. 715 00:47:07,694 --> 00:47:11,444 ROOSEVELT AND CHURCHILL KNOW THAT STALIN IS A BRUTAL TYRANT 716 00:47:11,480 --> 00:47:14,480 WHO SHARES MORE IN COMMON WITH HITLER THAN WITH THEM, 717 00:47:14,527 --> 00:47:17,177 BUT THEY COME TO THE REALIZATION 718 00:47:17,225 --> 00:47:21,225 THAT THE ENEMY OF THEIR ENEMY NEEDS TO BE THEIR FRIEND. 719 00:47:21,273 --> 00:47:23,843 IF THE ALLIES ARE GOING TO WIN THIS WAR, 720 00:47:23,884 --> 00:47:25,634 THEY NEED STALIN ON THEIR SIDE. 721 00:47:25,668 --> 00:47:28,758 [telephone ringing] 722 00:47:31,849 --> 00:47:34,809 ROOSEVELT AND CHURCHILL PERSUADE STALIN TO MEET THEM 723 00:47:34,852 --> 00:47:37,292 FOR AN UNPRECEDENTED CONFERENCE 724 00:47:37,332 --> 00:47:40,552 AT THE SOVIET EMBASSY IN TEHRAN, IRAN. 725 00:47:44,905 --> 00:47:47,815 - THIS IS THE FIRST MEETING OF THE THREE ALLIED LEADERS, 726 00:47:47,865 --> 00:47:50,515 AND THEY EACH COME WITH THEIR OWN AGENDA. 727 00:47:53,958 --> 00:47:56,478 STALIN IS CLEARLY IN THE STRONGEST POSITION. 728 00:48:04,707 --> 00:48:06,927 - WE'VE BROKEN THE BACK OF THE GERMANS, 729 00:48:06,971 --> 00:48:10,631 AND YOU MERELY SWAT AT THEM LIKE YOU WOULD AT A FLY. 730 00:48:10,670 --> 00:48:12,720 - WE PUSHED THEM OUT OF NORTH AFRICA. 731 00:48:12,759 --> 00:48:16,759 - WHILE MILLIONS OF RUSSIANS HAVE DIED. 732 00:48:16,806 --> 00:48:21,546 I DO NOT THINK THE PEOPLE WANT ANY MORE OF MY MEN TO DIE. 733 00:48:21,594 --> 00:48:26,954 DO YOUR PEOPLE WANT ANY MORE OF YOUR MEN TO DIE? 734 00:48:26,991 --> 00:48:29,861 - I'M SURE THAT CHURCHILL AND ROOSEVELT HAD REAL QUESTIONS 735 00:48:29,907 --> 00:48:32,907 ABOUT WHAT STALIN REALLY STOOD FOR. 736 00:48:32,953 --> 00:48:37,483 WHAT KIND OF LEADER WOULD HE BE IN A POSTWAR PERIOD? 737 00:48:37,523 --> 00:48:41,703 BUT THEY ALSO KNEW THAT STALIN'S PRIMARY MISSION 738 00:48:41,744 --> 00:48:44,314 WAS TO DEFEAT NAZI GERMANY, 739 00:48:44,356 --> 00:48:46,786 AND THEN THEY HAD TO WORK TOGETHER. 740 00:48:50,362 --> 00:48:52,932 - WE NEED TO WIN THIS WAR. 741 00:48:52,973 --> 00:48:55,323 WE NEED TO WIN THE PEACE. 742 00:48:55,367 --> 00:48:56,627 THAT CERTAINLY DIDN'T WORK OUT 743 00:48:56,672 --> 00:48:59,372 VERY WELL LAST TIME AT VERSAILLES. 744 00:48:59,414 --> 00:49:01,984 - A PIECE OF PAPER HAS LITTLE POWER 745 00:49:02,026 --> 00:49:05,676 TO KEEP PEOPLE APART, MUCH LESS HOLD THEM TOGETHER. 746 00:49:08,162 --> 00:49:12,122 - WE NEED TO ENSURE THAT GERMANY CAN'T THREATEN EUROPE AGAIN. 747 00:49:12,166 --> 00:49:16,166 - THEN YOU NEED TO HELP ME. 748 00:49:16,214 --> 00:49:18,964 - AND YOU NEED TO HELP ME. 749 00:49:23,395 --> 00:49:26,005 NOW LET'S TALK ABOUT JAPAN. 750 00:49:26,050 --> 00:49:28,050 - I WILL HELP YOU WITH JAPAN 751 00:49:28,095 --> 00:49:31,225 IF YOU HELP ME WITH HITLER. 752 00:49:31,272 --> 00:49:33,322 IF THERE'S NO INVASION... 753 00:49:36,408 --> 00:49:39,108 THEN I CANNOT HELP YOU WITH JAPAN. 754 00:49:43,284 --> 00:49:47,424 narrator: AFTER FOUR DAYS OF INTENSE NEGOTIATIONS, 755 00:49:47,462 --> 00:49:49,942 IN EXCHANGE FOR STALIN'S HELP IN THE PACIFIC, 756 00:49:49,987 --> 00:49:52,207 ROOSEVELT AND CHURCHILL AGREE TO EXECUTE 757 00:49:52,250 --> 00:49:55,860 AN UNPRECEDENTED INVASION OF EUROPE. 758 00:49:55,905 --> 00:49:59,125 - THE ALLIES KNEW THAT TO DEFEAT NAZI GERMANY, 759 00:49:59,170 --> 00:50:01,090 YOU WERE GONNA HAVE TO INVADE WESTERN EUROPE, 760 00:50:01,128 --> 00:50:03,478 AND YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE TO GO FROM FRANCE, 761 00:50:03,522 --> 00:50:05,052 ESSENTIALLY, INTO GERMANY, 762 00:50:05,089 --> 00:50:08,089 AND IT WAS AN AMAZING UNDERTAKING 763 00:50:08,135 --> 00:50:10,915 BOTH IN SCOPE AND COMPLEXITY. 764 00:50:24,108 --> 00:50:26,108 narrator: WINSTON CHURCHILL KNOWS 765 00:50:26,153 --> 00:50:29,723 THAT THE STRATEGY COULD BE THE TURNING POINT IN THE WAR. 766 00:50:33,030 --> 00:50:37,950 BUT STILL HE HAS GRAVE CONCERNS. 767 00:50:37,991 --> 00:50:39,861 CHURCHILL'S ORDERED AN AMBITIOUS OPERATION 768 00:50:39,906 --> 00:50:42,516 LIKE THIS BEFORE... 769 00:50:42,561 --> 00:50:45,481 [telephone ringing] 770 00:50:45,520 --> 00:50:49,740 - FOUR SHIPS SUNK, ANOTHER BURNING. 771 00:50:49,785 --> 00:50:51,175 narrator: THE INVASION OF GALLIPOLI 772 00:50:51,222 --> 00:50:54,362 IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR-- 773 00:50:54,399 --> 00:50:57,099 A DISASTROUS AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT 774 00:50:57,141 --> 00:51:00,191 THAT LEFT TENS OF THOUSANDS OF BRITISH TROOPS DEAD. 775 00:51:03,843 --> 00:51:05,633 CHURCHILL FEARS THAT THE ALLIES 776 00:51:05,671 --> 00:51:08,461 ARE HEADING FOR ANOTHER GALLIPOLI. 777 00:51:11,372 --> 00:51:13,902 IF THE MISSION IS GOING TO BE SUCCESSFUL, 778 00:51:13,940 --> 00:51:17,600 THIS TIME THEY'LL NEED TO BE SMARTER. 779 00:51:17,639 --> 00:51:20,119 - GALLIPOLI CAST A LONG SHADOW. 780 00:51:20,164 --> 00:51:22,514 IT HAUNTED CHURCHILL. 781 00:51:22,557 --> 00:51:24,857 BUT THAT CAPACITY TO TAKE RISK, 782 00:51:24,907 --> 00:51:28,517 TO THINK BIG, TO THINK ON A GLOBAL SCALE 783 00:51:28,563 --> 00:51:31,003 BECAME ONE OF HIS GREAT STRENGTHS. 784 00:51:34,178 --> 00:51:37,138 - MY BIGGEST WORRY IS THAT HITLER NOW KNOWS WE'RE COMING. 785 00:51:37,181 --> 00:51:38,271 narrator: WHILE PREPARATIONS 786 00:51:38,312 --> 00:51:40,452 FOR THE INVASION OF FRANCE CONTINUES, 787 00:51:40,488 --> 00:51:43,798 CHURCHILL OVERSEES THE CREATION OF A SECRET PLAN 788 00:51:43,839 --> 00:51:47,279 THAT WILL PUT THE ALLIES ONE STEP AHEAD OF ADOLF HITLER. 789 00:51:47,321 --> 00:51:53,501 - SO WHAT WE NEED IS THE RIGHT LIES TO DECEIVE HIM. 790 00:51:53,545 --> 00:51:57,455 narrator: IT'S CALLED OPERATION FORTITUDE. 791 00:51:59,899 --> 00:52:04,159 THE SUCCESS OF THE MISSION WILL RELY ON ONE MAN 792 00:52:04,208 --> 00:52:09,338 WHOSE MILITARY CAREER SEEMED TO BE OVER, 793 00:52:09,387 --> 00:52:12,517 GENERAL GEORGE S. PATTON. 794 00:52:12,564 --> 00:52:16,184 AFTER BEING PULLED FROM ACTIVE DUTY, 795 00:52:16,220 --> 00:52:18,220 PATTON HAS BEEN FORCED TO WATCH THE PLANNING 796 00:52:18,265 --> 00:52:21,225 OF ONE OF THE LARGEST INVASIONS IN HISTORY 797 00:52:21,268 --> 00:52:24,178 FROM THE SIDELINES. 798 00:52:24,228 --> 00:52:26,578 - IF YOU PUT YOURSELF IN PATTON'S POSITION, 799 00:52:26,621 --> 00:52:30,541 THEY'RE ABOUT TO INVADE THE CENTER OF EUROPE; 800 00:52:30,582 --> 00:52:34,022 THEY ARE ABOUT TO GO AT THE GUTS OF NAZI GERMANY. 801 00:52:34,063 --> 00:52:37,073 TO THINK HE'S NOT GONNA BE INVOLVED IN THAT 802 00:52:37,110 --> 00:52:40,550 HAD TO HAVE BEEN JUST EXCRUCIATINGLY PAINFUL 803 00:52:40,592 --> 00:52:44,072 FOR PATTON BECAUSE HE KNOWS HE'S A WAR SOLDIER. 804 00:52:44,117 --> 00:52:47,597 THIS IS HIS MOMENT, AND IF HE'S NOT IN IT, 805 00:52:47,642 --> 00:52:50,212 IT'S GOING TO JUST BE TORTURE. 806 00:52:52,081 --> 00:52:55,301 narrator: BUT OPERATION FORTITUDE 807 00:52:55,346 --> 00:52:58,386 IS A SPECIAL PLACE FOR PATTON. 808 00:53:02,048 --> 00:53:05,008 IN THE SPRING OF 1944, 809 00:53:05,051 --> 00:53:09,141 ALLIED LEADERS COVERTLY SEND PATTON TO ENGLAND... 810 00:53:13,190 --> 00:53:17,240 ALONG WITH 250,000 MEN 811 00:53:17,281 --> 00:53:19,671 AND WHAT APPEARS TO BE THOUSANDS OF TANKS 812 00:53:19,718 --> 00:53:24,508 AND FIGHTER PLANES, 813 00:53:24,549 --> 00:53:27,029 BUT PATTON'S NOT GOING TO LEAD AN INVASION, 814 00:53:27,073 --> 00:53:30,603 AND HIS ARMY ISN'T WHAT IT SEEMS. 815 00:53:35,255 --> 00:53:38,255 INSTEAD OF HEAVY MACHINERY AND MODERN WEAPONS, 816 00:53:38,302 --> 00:53:40,872 PATTON'S ARMED WITH BALLOONS. 817 00:53:44,221 --> 00:53:48,361 - ROOSEVELT AND CHURCHILL USED PATTON AS A DECEPTION. 818 00:53:48,399 --> 00:53:50,659 THEY ACTUALLY HAVE HOLLYWOOD PEOPLE HELP THEM 819 00:53:50,705 --> 00:53:55,225 CREATE WHAT IS ESSENTIALLY A PHONY ARMY. 820 00:53:55,275 --> 00:53:56,575 THERE'S PHONY TANKS 821 00:53:56,624 --> 00:53:59,894 THAT ARE ACTUALLY NOTHING BUT BALLOONS. 822 00:53:59,932 --> 00:54:01,282 THERE'S BARRACKS. 823 00:54:01,325 --> 00:54:04,235 IT APPEARS THAT THERE ARE HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS 824 00:54:04,284 --> 00:54:08,424 OF ALLIED TROOPS ASSEMBLED ACROSS THE CHANNEL FROM FRANCE. 825 00:54:15,991 --> 00:54:17,471 - THE ALLY TANK FIELDS... 826 00:54:17,515 --> 00:54:19,125 narrator: IT ISN'T LONG BEFORE HITLER 827 00:54:19,168 --> 00:54:21,038 SEES GERMAN INTELLIGENCE PHOTOGRAPHS 828 00:54:21,083 --> 00:54:23,783 OF PATTON'S SUPPOSED ARMY, 829 00:54:23,825 --> 00:54:26,735 AND HE COMPLETELY TAKES THE BAIT. 830 00:54:26,785 --> 00:54:29,525 HITLER THINKS HE'S OUTSMARTED THE ALLIES. 831 00:54:29,570 --> 00:54:32,440 HE REFUSES TO BELIEVE THAT PATTON HAS BEEN SIDELINED 832 00:54:32,486 --> 00:54:34,446 JUST FOR SLAPPING A SOLDIER. 833 00:54:34,488 --> 00:54:35,658 - PATTON. 834 00:54:35,707 --> 00:54:37,487 - HERE ARE THE THREE MAJOR PORTS 835 00:54:37,535 --> 00:54:40,145 SUITABLE FOR AN OPERATION OF THIS SIZE. 836 00:54:40,189 --> 00:54:42,929 THE ONLY OTHER VIABLE LANDING IS FURTHER SOUTH. 837 00:54:42,975 --> 00:54:45,185 - THE REAL INVASION WILL BE HERE 838 00:54:45,238 --> 00:54:48,368 AT PAS DE CALAIS 839 00:54:48,415 --> 00:54:51,975 WITH PATTON. 840 00:54:52,027 --> 00:54:53,677 - HITLER KNOWS THAT PATTON 841 00:54:53,725 --> 00:54:57,505 IS ONE OF ROOSEVELT'S BEST GENERALS, 842 00:54:57,555 --> 00:55:00,685 THE GENERAL WHO IS BOLD AND AUDACIOUS, 843 00:55:00,732 --> 00:55:02,172 SO IN ALL LIKELIHOOD 844 00:55:02,211 --> 00:55:06,431 PATTON IS GOING TO BE LEADING THE ATTACK. 845 00:55:06,477 --> 00:55:08,567 narrator: HITLER'S CONVINCED THE LEGENDARY GENERAL 846 00:55:08,609 --> 00:55:10,869 IS PREPARING TO INVADE THE FRENCH MAINLAND 847 00:55:10,916 --> 00:55:12,216 AT PAS DE CALAIS, 848 00:55:12,265 --> 00:55:15,045 A MAJOR PORT CITY IN NORTHERN FRANCE 849 00:55:15,094 --> 00:55:16,884 MERE MILES ACROSS THE ENGLISH CHANNEL 850 00:55:16,922 --> 00:55:20,232 FROM WHERE PATTON'S FORCES ARE GATHERING, 851 00:55:20,273 --> 00:55:22,933 SO HE SENDS A MILLION TROOPS TO CALAIS 852 00:55:22,971 --> 00:55:25,631 TO FORTIFY THE CITY. 853 00:55:30,196 --> 00:55:33,626 ON JUNE 6, 1944, 854 00:55:33,678 --> 00:55:36,158 THE DAY THAT WILL COME TO BE KNOWN AS D-DAY 855 00:55:36,202 --> 00:55:38,202 FINALLY ARRIVES. 856 00:55:41,033 --> 00:55:44,783 ROOSEVELT AND CHURCHILL ORDER 150,000 ALLIED TROOPS 857 00:55:44,819 --> 00:55:49,079 TO PILE INTO OVER 4,000 BOATS AND HEAD TO FRANCE... 858 00:55:52,000 --> 00:55:55,400 IN THE LARGEST AMPHIBIOUS INVASION EVER ATTEMPTED. 859 00:55:58,616 --> 00:56:02,356 [cannons booming] 860 00:56:11,324 --> 00:56:12,544 narrator: ON A DAY THAT WILL COME 861 00:56:12,586 --> 00:56:14,456 TO BE KNOWN AS D-DAY... 862 00:56:17,025 --> 00:56:22,245 150,000 ALLIED TROOPS PILE INTO THOUSANDS OF BOATS 863 00:56:22,291 --> 00:56:23,901 AND HEAD TOWARD FRANCE 864 00:56:23,945 --> 00:56:27,075 IN THE LARGEST AMPHIBIOUS INVASION EVER ATTEMPTED. 865 00:56:29,124 --> 00:56:30,474 ACROSS THE CHANNEL, 866 00:56:30,517 --> 00:56:32,517 MORE THAN A MILLION GERMAN SOLDIERS PREPARE 867 00:56:32,563 --> 00:56:34,043 FOR AN ATTACK, 868 00:56:34,086 --> 00:56:37,126 FORTIFYING THE FRENCH PORT CITY OF CALAIS 869 00:56:37,176 --> 00:56:39,736 WHERE ADOLF HITLER IS CONVINCED 870 00:56:39,787 --> 00:56:43,307 AN ALLIED ARMY LED BY GEORGE PATTON WILL LAND. 871 00:56:46,620 --> 00:56:50,020 WHAT HITLER DOESN'T KNOW IS THAT THE ALLIED FORCE 872 00:56:50,058 --> 00:56:55,978 ISN'T BEING LEAD BY PATTON AND ISN'T HEADING TO CALAIS. 873 00:56:56,021 --> 00:57:01,511 ITS TARGET IS JUST OVER 200 MILES TO THE SOUTH, 874 00:57:01,548 --> 00:57:03,638 THE BEACHES OF NORMANDY. 875 00:57:04,682 --> 00:57:07,732 [explosions booming, gunfire] 876 00:57:17,695 --> 00:57:20,735 [men shouting, gunfire] 877 00:57:52,164 --> 00:57:54,734 AFTER A BRUTAL FIGHT, 878 00:57:54,775 --> 00:57:57,775 THE ALLIED FORCES CAPTURE THE BEACHES. 879 00:58:03,784 --> 00:58:06,274 - THE QUESTION OF D-DAY WAS, 880 00:58:06,308 --> 00:58:09,438 CAN THE AMERICANS PRIMARILY, BUT THE BRITISH AS WELL, 881 00:58:09,486 --> 00:58:12,786 ESTABLISH A FOOTHOLD ON THE EUROPEAN CONTINENT? 882 00:58:12,837 --> 00:58:15,097 IF THEY CAN, 883 00:58:15,143 --> 00:58:18,803 THERE WAS SOME HOPE THAT MAYBE HITLER COULD BE OVERTHROWN. 884 00:58:25,023 --> 00:58:29,333 narrator: AS ALLIED TROOPS PUSH INTO NORMANDY, 885 00:58:29,375 --> 00:58:35,505 ADOLF HITLER IS NOTIFIED OF THE INVASION, 886 00:58:35,555 --> 00:58:39,815 BUT HE REFUSES TO REROUTE HIS TROOPS STATIONED IN CALAIS. 887 00:58:39,864 --> 00:58:42,174 WITH PATTON STILL IN ENGLAND, 888 00:58:42,214 --> 00:58:44,654 HITLER IS CONVINCED THAT THE ATTACK AT NORMANDY 889 00:58:44,695 --> 00:58:46,515 IS JUST A DIVERSION 890 00:58:46,566 --> 00:58:48,826 AND THAT A MUCH LARGER ALLIED ASSAULT 891 00:58:48,873 --> 00:58:50,573 IS STILL ON THE WAY. 892 00:58:50,614 --> 00:58:53,364 - HITLER IS SO OUT OF TOUCH. 893 00:58:53,399 --> 00:58:57,449 HE'S SO CONSUMED WITH HIS OWN BRILLIANCE 894 00:58:57,490 --> 00:58:59,930 THAT EVEN AFTER IT BECOMES OBVIOUS 895 00:58:59,971 --> 00:59:03,061 THAT THE ALLIES ARE ATTACKING IN NORMANDY, 896 00:59:03,104 --> 00:59:07,414 HE SPENDS SOME 72 HOURS REFUSING TO ACCEPT THE REPORTS. 897 00:59:07,456 --> 00:59:08,936 WHILE HITLER WAITS FOR AN INVASION 898 00:59:08,980 --> 00:59:10,980 THAT WILL NEVER COME... 899 00:59:14,768 --> 00:59:17,818 [men shouting, gunfire] 900 00:59:19,947 --> 00:59:24,517 ALLIED ARMIES BEGIN MOVING INTO FRANCE 901 00:59:24,561 --> 00:59:26,911 TOWN BY TOWN... 902 00:59:26,954 --> 00:59:30,704 [gunfire] 903 00:59:33,308 --> 00:59:36,088 PUSHING BACK AGAINST THE GERMAN FORCES 904 00:59:36,137 --> 00:59:38,047 AND LIBERATING THOUSANDS OF CITIZENS 905 00:59:38,096 --> 00:59:39,876 THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. 906 01:00:04,078 --> 01:00:06,428 - WHAT IF HITLER HAD NOT BEEN SO ARROGANT? 907 01:00:06,472 --> 01:00:08,872 WHAT IF HE HAD RECOGNIZED THAT THE ALLIES 908 01:00:08,909 --> 01:00:11,389 WERE GOING TO INVADE IN NORMANDY? 909 01:00:11,433 --> 01:00:14,353 WHAT IF, AFTER HE HAD CREDIBLE INTELLIGENCE REPORTS 910 01:00:14,393 --> 01:00:15,923 THAT THEY WERE ATTACKING AT NORMANDY, 911 01:00:15,960 --> 01:00:17,830 HAD MOVED HIS TROOPS THERE? 912 01:00:17,875 --> 01:00:21,785 IT'S VERY LIKELY THAT HE COULD HAVE BLUNTED THE ALLIED ASSAULT. 913 01:00:24,490 --> 01:00:27,750 AND IF YOU BLUNT THE ALLIED ASSAULT AT D-DAY, 914 01:00:27,798 --> 01:00:30,798 THE BEST THE ALLIES COULD HOPE FOR IS A STALEMATE IN EUROPE. 915 01:00:36,981 --> 01:00:39,901 narrator: WITH THE HELP OF PATTON'S DECOY ARMY, 916 01:00:39,940 --> 01:00:44,900 THE NORMANDY LANDINGS ARE AN INCREDIBLE SUCCESS 917 01:00:44,945 --> 01:00:48,725 THAT CHANGE THE COURSE OF THE WAR. 918 01:00:48,775 --> 01:00:53,075 WHILE ADOLF HITLER SUFFERS AN UNTHINKABLE DEFEAT, 919 01:00:53,127 --> 01:00:54,957 ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE WORLD, 920 01:00:54,999 --> 01:00:59,439 HIS LAST REMAINING ALLY LOOKS TO PROTECT HIS EMPIRE. 921 01:01:01,048 --> 01:01:04,178 FOLLOWING HIS DEFEAT AT MIDWAY, 922 01:01:04,225 --> 01:01:06,965 JAPANESE PRIME MINISTER HIDEKI TOJO 923 01:01:07,011 --> 01:01:09,711 HAS BEEN TRYING TO REGROUP. 924 01:01:09,753 --> 01:01:13,933 HE'S DESPERATE TO MAINTAIN HIS CONTROL OVER THE PACIFIC, 925 01:01:13,974 --> 01:01:17,154 BUT LITTLE DOES TOJO KNOW 926 01:01:17,195 --> 01:01:20,285 HE'S ABOUT TO FACE HIS BIGGEST CHALLENGE YET. 927 01:01:21,808 --> 01:01:25,028 FOR YEARS GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR 928 01:01:25,072 --> 01:01:27,902 HAS WAITED FOR THE MOMENT TO EVEN THE SCORE WITH TOJO. 929 01:01:29,555 --> 01:01:31,635 HIS NUMBER ONE GOAL: 930 01:01:31,688 --> 01:01:33,298 TO TAKE BACK THE ISLAND TERRITORY 931 01:01:33,341 --> 01:01:35,131 HE WAS FORCED TO ABANDON, 932 01:01:35,169 --> 01:01:37,349 THE PHILIPPINES. 933 01:01:37,389 --> 01:01:39,739 - FOR MACARTHUR, GOING TO THE PHILIPPINES 934 01:01:39,783 --> 01:01:46,053 WAS BOTH A NATIONAL NECESSITY AND A PERSONAL OBLIGATION 935 01:01:46,093 --> 01:01:49,363 FOR NOT SUFFICIENTLY DEFENDING THE PHILIPPINES. 936 01:01:50,837 --> 01:01:55,057 narrator: IN JUNE OF 1944, 937 01:01:55,102 --> 01:02:00,152 MACARTHUR LEADS AN ARMADA OF WARSHIPS INTO THE PACIFIC. 938 01:02:00,194 --> 01:02:03,634 [distant gunfire] 939 01:02:03,676 --> 01:02:05,416 FOR FIVE BLOODY MONTHS, 940 01:02:05,460 --> 01:02:08,380 HE AND HIS TROOPS TAKE ON THE JAPANESE MILITARY, 941 01:02:08,420 --> 01:02:11,420 FIGHTING ISLAND BY ISLAND 942 01:02:11,466 --> 01:02:14,426 BY LAND AND BY SEA, 943 01:02:14,469 --> 01:02:17,779 UNTIL MACARTHUR IS FINALLY ABLE TO FULFILL HIS PROMISE 944 01:02:17,821 --> 01:02:19,521 AND LIBERATE THE PHILIPPINES. 945 01:02:21,955 --> 01:02:23,775 - THAT OUTLINES THE MOVEMENT, 946 01:02:23,827 --> 01:02:26,957 AS I UNDERSTOOD IT, HERE TO HERE. 947 01:02:27,004 --> 01:02:30,494 narrator: BUT MACARTHUR'S NOT FINISHED. 948 01:02:30,529 --> 01:02:32,789 AS SOON AS HE RETAKES THE PHILIPPINES, 949 01:02:32,836 --> 01:02:38,356 HE SETS HIS SIGHTS ON AN EVEN BIGGER TARGET-- 950 01:02:38,406 --> 01:02:41,666 THE INVASION OF THE JAPANESE MAINLAND. 951 01:02:49,026 --> 01:02:52,376 IN TOKYO, PRIME MINISTER HIDEKI TOJO 952 01:02:52,420 --> 01:02:57,510 HAS FACED A SERIES OF HUMILIATING DEFEATS. 953 01:02:57,556 --> 01:03:01,816 FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE HIS RISE TO POWER, 954 01:03:01,865 --> 01:03:05,825 THE JAPANESE EMPIRE IS DWINDLING, 955 01:03:05,869 --> 01:03:09,869 AND AS CRITICISM OF HIS LEADERSHIP ESCALATES, 956 01:03:09,916 --> 01:03:12,876 TOJO IS FORCED TO RESIGN IN DISGRACE. 957 01:03:16,662 --> 01:03:18,712 WHILE TOJO MAY BE GONE, 958 01:03:18,751 --> 01:03:21,891 THE WAR IN JAPAN IS FAR FROM OVER. 959 01:03:28,587 --> 01:03:30,497 narrator: THE WORLD WAR TAKES A TURN 960 01:03:30,545 --> 01:03:32,495 IN THE ALLIES' FAVOR. 961 01:03:32,547 --> 01:03:36,157 AFTER THE SUCCESSFUL D-DAY INVASION, 962 01:03:36,203 --> 01:03:39,993 THE ALLIES CONTINUE TO GAIN GROUND IN EUROPE, 963 01:03:40,033 --> 01:03:42,303 BUT ADOLF HITLER REFUSES TO SURRENDER. 964 01:03:46,735 --> 01:03:48,995 IN DECEMBER OF 1944, 965 01:03:49,042 --> 01:03:51,922 HITLER ORDERS OVER 200,000 GERMAN TROOPS 966 01:03:51,958 --> 01:03:54,048 INTO SOUTHERN BELGIUM 967 01:03:54,091 --> 01:03:59,011 IN WHAT WILL COME TO BE KNOWN AS THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE. 968 01:03:59,052 --> 01:04:02,402 [men shouting, gunfire] 969 01:04:07,104 --> 01:04:11,804 HITLER'S SNEAK ATTACK TAKES THE ALLIES COMPLETELY OFF GUARD. 970 01:04:11,848 --> 01:04:15,158 [explosions, gunfire] 971 01:04:38,048 --> 01:04:41,268 ROOSEVELT REALIZES IF HE'S GOING TO BEAT HITLER, 972 01:04:41,312 --> 01:04:48,152 HE NEEDS GENERAL GEORGE PATTON TO HELP LEAD THE CHARGE, 973 01:04:48,188 --> 01:04:52,538 SO HE MAKES THE BOLD DECISION 974 01:04:52,584 --> 01:04:55,284 TO RETURN HIM TO ACTION. 975 01:04:55,326 --> 01:04:57,716 - DO IT. 976 01:04:57,763 --> 01:04:59,503 - SOMETIMES YOU HAVE TO KEEP SOMEBODY 977 01:04:59,547 --> 01:05:01,937 LIKE A GEORGE PATTON AROUND 978 01:05:01,985 --> 01:05:04,025 EVEN WHEN EVERY INSTINCT TELLS YOU, 979 01:05:04,074 --> 01:05:06,864 GET RID OF THIS GUY, 980 01:05:06,903 --> 01:05:09,693 BUT THE BOTTOM LINE WAS THAT HE WAS A GREAT TACTICIAN 981 01:05:09,731 --> 01:05:11,861 ON THE BATTLEFIELD. 982 01:05:11,908 --> 01:05:14,128 narrator: AFTER A YEAR ON THE SIDELINES, 983 01:05:14,171 --> 01:05:16,781 PATTON IS BACK WHERE HE BELONGS-- 984 01:05:16,825 --> 01:05:18,695 RIGHT ON THE FRONTLINES, 985 01:05:18,740 --> 01:05:21,480 LEADING THE CHARGE INTO BATTLE. 986 01:05:24,094 --> 01:05:27,054 ON DECEMBER 16, 1944, 987 01:05:27,097 --> 01:05:28,577 PATTON AND THE ALLIES 988 01:05:28,620 --> 01:05:31,710 COME FACE-TO-FACE WITH HITLER'S ARMY. 989 01:05:35,975 --> 01:05:39,495 [gunfire] 990 01:05:50,642 --> 01:05:52,822 - THERE WAS JUST A LIMIT ON WHAT THE GERMAN ARMY 991 01:05:52,861 --> 01:05:56,081 AT THAT POINT HAD THE CAPACITY TO DO. 992 01:05:56,126 --> 01:06:00,126 THEY JUST DIDN'T HAVE THE FORCES OR THE LOGISTICS. 993 01:06:00,173 --> 01:06:03,053 narrator: WITHIN DAYS OF JOINING THE BATTLE, 994 01:06:03,089 --> 01:06:06,139 PATTON AND HIS FLEET ARE ABLE TO TAKE DOWN 995 01:06:06,179 --> 01:06:09,309 SIX DIVISIONS OF HITLER'S ARMY 996 01:06:09,356 --> 01:06:12,966 FINALLY BREAKING THROUGH THE GERMAN DEFENSES. 997 01:06:13,012 --> 01:06:16,412 HITLER'S TROOPS ARE LEFT WITH NO OTHER OPTION 998 01:06:16,450 --> 01:06:19,320 BUT TO RETREAT BACK INTO GERMANY. 999 01:06:23,240 --> 01:06:26,290 [air raid siren blaring] 1000 01:06:36,514 --> 01:06:39,954 WITH ALLIED ARMIES CLOSING IN ON BERLIN, 1001 01:06:39,996 --> 01:06:43,556 HITLER IS FORCED TO WATCH THE SAME TERROR AND DESTRUCTION 1002 01:06:43,608 --> 01:06:47,918 HE ONCE FORCED UPON THE WORLD 1003 01:06:47,960 --> 01:06:51,790 NOW INFLICTED ON HIS OWN CITY. 1004 01:06:51,833 --> 01:06:53,533 - IN THE LAST PHASE OF THE WAR, 1005 01:06:53,574 --> 01:06:54,924 THE AIR RAIDS ON BERLIN 1006 01:06:54,967 --> 01:06:57,057 WERE BECOMING EXTREMELY DESTRUCTIVE. 1007 01:06:57,100 --> 01:07:02,500 THE SOVIET ARMY WAS MOVING THROUGH THE CENTER OF BERLIN. 1008 01:07:05,151 --> 01:07:08,291 - MEIN FUEHRER, IT'S TIME. 1009 01:07:08,328 --> 01:07:11,378 [air raid siren blaring] 1010 01:07:18,164 --> 01:07:21,304 - HITLER RETREATED UNDERGROUND 1011 01:07:21,341 --> 01:07:26,481 TO A PREPARED, HEAVILY-FORTIFIED CONCRETE BUNKER 1012 01:07:26,520 --> 01:07:29,260 UNDERNEATH THE REICH CHANCELLERY IN BERLIN, 1013 01:07:29,306 --> 01:07:30,516 AND HE WAS RELATIVELY SAFE THERE. 1014 01:07:30,568 --> 01:07:32,178 HE HOPED FOR TURNAROUND. 1015 01:07:32,222 --> 01:07:35,312 HE THOUGHT THAT THERE MIGHT BE SOME WONDER WEAPON 1016 01:07:35,355 --> 01:07:37,485 THAT WOULD BE DEVELOPED BY GERMAN SCIENTISTS. 1017 01:07:37,531 --> 01:07:40,711 IT WAS ALL COMPLETE FANTASY. 1018 01:07:40,752 --> 01:07:43,712 narrator: ADOLF HITLER'S EMPIRE HAS BEEN REDUCED 1019 01:07:43,755 --> 01:07:46,535 FROM 3 MILLION SQUARE MILES 1020 01:07:46,584 --> 01:07:49,594 TO 500 SQUARE FEET. 1021 01:08:08,475 --> 01:08:11,865 AS PATTON AND HIS TROOPS ADVANCE INTO GERMANY... 1022 01:08:15,656 --> 01:08:17,616 THEY ARRIVE AT A SERIES OF LARGE, 1023 01:08:17,658 --> 01:08:20,568 FACTORY-LIKE BUILDINGS 1024 01:08:20,618 --> 01:08:24,098 SURROUNDED BY EMPTY FIELDS 1025 01:08:24,143 --> 01:08:26,543 IN THE MIDDLE OF NOWHERE. 1026 01:08:26,580 --> 01:08:29,800 - FIRST SQUAD, MOVE UP. 1027 01:09:09,406 --> 01:09:12,406 [somber violin music] 1028 01:09:12,452 --> 01:09:18,152 ♪ 1029 01:09:18,197 --> 01:09:22,197 narrator: THE RUMORS HE'S HEARD ARE TRUE. 1030 01:09:22,245 --> 01:09:27,245 THIS IS ONE OF ADOLF HITLER'S DEATH CAMPS-- 1031 01:09:27,293 --> 01:09:29,173 BUCHENWALD. 1032 01:09:34,605 --> 01:09:40,915 PATTON FINDS 20,000 EMACIATED SURVIVORS 1033 01:09:40,959 --> 01:09:46,009 SUFFERING FROM STARVATION, DISEASE, AND TORTURE. 1034 01:09:48,619 --> 01:09:52,749 THOUSANDS OF CORPSES LINE THE GROUNDS, 1035 01:09:52,797 --> 01:09:54,927 KILLED DURING ONE OF THE WORST GENOCIDES 1036 01:09:54,973 --> 01:09:59,283 THE WORLD HAS EVER SEEN, 1037 01:09:59,325 --> 01:10:02,585 A SYSTEMATIC MASS EXTERMINATION PROGRAM 1038 01:10:02,633 --> 01:10:05,203 HITLER CALLS THE FINAL SOLUTION. 1039 01:10:08,204 --> 01:10:10,734 THE CAMP PATTON LIBERATES IS JUST ONE 1040 01:10:10,771 --> 01:10:14,381 OF 20,000 DETENTION AND KILLING FACILITIES 1041 01:10:14,427 --> 01:10:18,557 BUILT BY HITLER. 1042 01:10:18,605 --> 01:10:23,995 IN ALL THE HOLOCAUST KILLS 11 MILLION PEOPLE, 1043 01:10:24,045 --> 01:10:27,085 6 MILLION ARE JEWISH. 1044 01:10:29,877 --> 01:10:33,317 - MY WIFE'S MOTHER WAS IN AUSCHWITZ AND DACHAU. 1045 01:10:33,359 --> 01:10:38,229 SHE WAS LIBERATED FROM DACHAU BY THE U.S. ARMY. 1046 01:10:38,277 --> 01:10:41,147 I HAD A PRESS SECRETARY, 1047 01:10:41,193 --> 01:10:44,283 AND HIS FATHER HAD BEEN PART OF THE GROUP 1048 01:10:44,327 --> 01:10:46,067 THAT HAD LIBERATED MY MOTHER-IN-LAW. 1049 01:10:50,594 --> 01:10:54,424 THESE SOLDIERS AND EVERYONE ELSE WHO DID THAT 1050 01:10:54,467 --> 01:10:58,337 SAVED THE WORLD FROM NAZISM AND FASCISM. 1051 01:11:08,873 --> 01:11:12,273 narrator: FOR PATTON, THE HOLOCAUST IS A REMINDER 1052 01:11:12,311 --> 01:11:15,791 OF EVERYTHING THE ALLIES HAVE BEEN FIGHTING FOR. 1053 01:11:18,317 --> 01:11:20,277 - FOR MY GENERATION 1054 01:11:20,319 --> 01:11:23,579 THAT HAD PARENTS WHO SURVIVED THE HOLOCAUST, 1055 01:11:23,627 --> 01:11:27,977 WHO HAD RELATIVES WHO WERE LOST IN THE HOLOCAUST 1056 01:11:28,022 --> 01:11:32,292 THERE IS A REAL RESPONSIBILITY TO LEARN THE LESSONS OF HISTORY 1057 01:11:32,331 --> 01:11:35,641 AND TO MAKE SURE THAT THEY'RE NOT FORGOTTEN. 1058 01:11:39,425 --> 01:11:42,725 narrator: SHAKEN BY WHAT HE SEES, 1059 01:11:42,776 --> 01:11:49,216 PATTON AND HIS TROOPS ROUND UP AS MANY GERMANS AS THEY CAN-- 1060 01:11:49,261 --> 01:11:52,051 THOUSANDS OF SOLDIERS 1061 01:11:52,090 --> 01:11:55,140 ALONG WITH ORDINARY CITIZENS... 1062 01:11:58,531 --> 01:12:03,231 FORCING THEM TO BEAR WITNESS 1063 01:12:03,275 --> 01:12:05,355 TO HITLER'S ATROCITIES. 1064 01:12:07,845 --> 01:12:11,365 - PATTON'S DECISION IS TO CONFRONT THE PERPETRATORS 1065 01:12:11,414 --> 01:12:13,374 OF INJUSTICE AND SLAUGHTER 1066 01:12:13,416 --> 01:12:16,546 WITH THE ACTUALITY OF WHAT THEY DID. 1067 01:12:16,593 --> 01:12:18,903 IF YOU CAN'T SEE THE CONSEQUENCES OF YOUR ACTIONS, 1068 01:12:18,943 --> 01:12:23,903 YOU'RE LESS LIKELY TO UNDERSTAND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THEM. 1069 01:12:23,948 --> 01:12:25,298 WHEN PEOPLE PERPETRATE WAR CRIMES, 1070 01:12:25,341 --> 01:12:26,781 THE MOST IMPORTANT THING 1071 01:12:26,820 --> 01:12:28,390 IS THAT THEY'RE HELD ACCOUNTABLE FOR THEM, 1072 01:12:28,431 --> 01:12:29,951 'CAUSE IF THEY'RE NOT HELD ACCOUNTABLE, 1073 01:12:29,997 --> 01:12:31,777 THEN I'M AFRAID IT'S AN ENCOURAGEMENT TO OTHERS 1074 01:12:31,825 --> 01:12:33,435 TO VIOLATE THE MOST BASIC NORMS AS WELL. 1075 01:12:36,439 --> 01:12:38,139 narrator: PATTON KNOWS THERE'S ONE WAY 1076 01:12:38,179 --> 01:12:40,569 TO STOP THE GENOCIDE-- 1077 01:12:40,617 --> 01:12:42,527 WIN THE WAR. 1078 01:12:50,104 --> 01:12:51,934 narrator: AFTER 5 YEARS OF FIGHTING, 1079 01:12:51,976 --> 01:12:56,016 THE ALLIES ARE FINALLY CLOSING IN ON ADOLF HITLER, 1080 01:12:56,067 --> 01:12:59,417 BUT RIGHT WHEN VICTORY SEEMS WITHIN REACH, 1081 01:12:59,462 --> 01:13:01,992 AMERICA IS DEALT A DEVASTATING BLOW. 1082 01:13:02,029 --> 01:13:03,379 [explosion] 1083 01:13:27,272 --> 01:13:31,842 ON APRIL 12, 1945, 1084 01:13:31,885 --> 01:13:34,495 PRESIDENT FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT DIES 1085 01:13:34,540 --> 01:13:36,460 OF A SUDDEN STROKE. 1086 01:13:42,983 --> 01:13:44,863 - AMERICANS WERE SHOCKED. 1087 01:13:44,898 --> 01:13:47,028 ROOSEVELT HAD GUIDED AMERICANS 1088 01:13:47,074 --> 01:13:50,474 THROUGH THE TWO GREAT EMOTIONAL, ECONOMIC 1089 01:13:50,513 --> 01:13:52,733 AND MILITARY CRISES OF THE 12TH CENTURY, 1090 01:13:52,776 --> 01:13:56,296 THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND WORLD WAR II. 1091 01:13:56,344 --> 01:14:00,964 THESE WERE FORMATIVE EXPERIENCES FOR AN ENTIRE GENERATION, 1092 01:14:01,001 --> 01:14:06,571 AND WHEN ROOSEVELT DIED MANY THOUSANDS OF AMERICANS FELT 1093 01:14:06,616 --> 01:14:12,616 AS THOUGH THEY HAD LOST A MEMBER OF THEIR FAMILY. 1094 01:14:12,665 --> 01:14:15,705 narrator: WITH AN ALLIED VICTORY WITHIN REACH, 1095 01:14:15,755 --> 01:14:19,845 AMERICA HAS JUST LOST ITS COMMANDER IN CHIEF. 1096 01:14:31,989 --> 01:14:33,949 VICE PRESIDENT HARRY TRUMAN 1097 01:14:33,991 --> 01:14:39,481 IS IMMEDIATELY SUMMONED TO THE WHITE HOUSE. 1098 01:14:39,518 --> 01:14:42,908 THE FORMER SHOPKEEPER FROM SMALL-TOWN MISSOURI 1099 01:14:42,956 --> 01:14:46,866 HAS BEEN VICE PRESIDENT FOR LESS THAN THREE MONTHS 1100 01:14:46,917 --> 01:14:49,137 BEFORE SUDDENLY BEING THRUST INTO THE ROLE 1101 01:14:49,180 --> 01:14:51,570 OF PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 1102 01:14:58,842 --> 01:15:03,022 AND NOW IT'S UP TO TRUMAN TO PUT AN END TO 30 YEARS 1103 01:15:03,063 --> 01:15:07,593 OF THE DEADLIEST FIGHTING THE WORLD HAS EVER SEEN. 1104 01:15:10,244 --> 01:15:12,424 - HARRY TRUMAN WOULD SAY IT WAS LIKE, YOU KNOW, 1105 01:15:12,464 --> 01:15:14,734 THE MOON AND THE STARS JUST FELL DOWN ON TOP OF HIM. 1106 01:15:14,771 --> 01:15:16,381 HE'S SUDDENLY PRESIDENT. 1107 01:15:16,424 --> 01:15:18,124 THE CHALLENGE WHEN HE BECAME PRESIDENT WAS, 1108 01:15:18,165 --> 01:15:20,035 HE HAD TO WIN THESE WARS. 1109 01:15:20,080 --> 01:15:22,040 IT'S STILL RAGING, 1110 01:15:22,082 --> 01:15:23,392 SO FIRST THINGS FIRST, 1111 01:15:23,431 --> 01:15:26,171 YOU HAD TO GET THAT VICTORY IN EUROPE. 1112 01:15:31,004 --> 01:15:33,624 narrator: AS A NEW LEADER COMES TO POWER IN AMERICA, 1113 01:15:33,659 --> 01:15:36,439 IN ITALY THE OLD GUARD HAS CRUMBLED. 1114 01:15:38,098 --> 01:15:40,228 BENITO MUSSOLINI HAS BEEN HIDING OUT 1115 01:15:40,274 --> 01:15:42,454 IN NORTHERN ITALY, 1116 01:15:42,494 --> 01:15:44,844 BUT HE PLANS AN ESCAPE TO SPAIN... 1117 01:15:44,888 --> 01:15:48,628 [bells ringing, crowd cheering] 1118 01:15:54,288 --> 01:15:58,158 ONLY TO BE CAPTURED ON HIS WAY OUT OF THE COUNTRY 1119 01:15:58,205 --> 01:16:04,035 AND PUBLICLY EXECUTED BY MEMBERS OF THE ITALIAN RESISTANCE. 1120 01:16:07,824 --> 01:16:12,134 - MUSSOLINI'S CORPSE IS PUT INTO THE CENTER OF A SQUARE 1121 01:16:12,176 --> 01:16:18,136 WHERE SOME LOCALS COME OUT AND ABUSED IT-- 1122 01:16:18,182 --> 01:16:22,142 WHAT PEOPLE HAD ALWAYS DONE WHEN A TYRANT FELL 1123 01:16:22,186 --> 01:16:25,406 AND THEY HAD A CHANCE TO ABUSE HIM. 1124 01:16:25,450 --> 01:16:27,840 HE WAS THE PERSON WHO HAD BEEN RESPONSIBLE 1125 01:16:27,887 --> 01:16:30,187 FOR THE BOMBING AND ALL THE TROUBLES OF THE WAR. 1126 01:16:30,237 --> 01:16:33,277 "OKAY, LET'S KICK HIS HEAD IN." 1127 01:16:33,327 --> 01:16:35,027 ONE OF THE MOST RUTHLESS DICTATORS 1128 01:16:35,068 --> 01:16:39,248 THE WORLD HAS EVER KNOWN HAS FINALLY FALLEN. 1129 01:16:40,247 --> 01:16:43,287 [air raid siren blaring] 1130 01:16:45,731 --> 01:16:47,731 JUST TWO DAYS LATER, 1131 01:16:47,777 --> 01:16:50,687 WHILE HIDING IN HIS BUNKER IN BERLIN, 1132 01:16:50,736 --> 01:16:55,386 ADOLF HITLER LEARNS OF MUSSOLINI'S BRUTAL EXECUTION. 1133 01:16:55,436 --> 01:16:58,266 - THE SOVIET ARMY WAS MOVING 1134 01:16:58,309 --> 01:17:01,699 THROUGH THE CENTER OF BERLIN TOWARDS THE BUNKER. 1135 01:17:01,747 --> 01:17:06,617 HITLER DID NOT WANT TO SUFFER THE SAME FATE AS MUSSOLINI. 1136 01:17:06,665 --> 01:17:10,355 HITLER WAS NOT GOING TO HAVE THAT HAPPEN TO HIM. 1137 01:17:10,408 --> 01:17:13,108 narrator: BUT ADOLF HITLER LONG AGO VOWED 1138 01:17:13,150 --> 01:17:16,150 TO NEVER TO SEE GERMANY SURRENDER AGAIN. 1139 01:17:53,581 --> 01:17:54,841 [gunshot] 1140 01:18:10,468 --> 01:18:12,038 ADOLF HITLER'S SUICIDE 1141 01:18:12,078 --> 01:18:16,038 FORCES GERMANY TO SURRENDER TO THE ALLIES 1142 01:18:16,082 --> 01:18:20,352 FOR THE SECOND TIME THIS CENTURY. 1143 01:18:20,391 --> 01:18:22,221 WITHIN LESS THAN ONE MONTH 1144 01:18:22,262 --> 01:18:24,742 FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT, BENITO MUSSOLINI, 1145 01:18:24,787 --> 01:18:27,217 AND ADOLF HITLER HAVE DIED, 1146 01:18:27,267 --> 01:18:30,357 AND THE WAR IN EUROPE HAS COME TO A CLOSE. 1147 01:18:43,849 --> 01:18:46,289 - THE WAR ENDS IN EUROPE, 1148 01:18:46,330 --> 01:18:49,120 AND OF COURSE FOR EUROPEANS, THAT'S THE END OF THE WAR; 1149 01:18:49,159 --> 01:18:52,469 FOR THE UNITED STATES, IT'S NOT. 1150 01:18:52,510 --> 01:18:56,380 THE UNITED STATES STILL HAS ANOTHER WAR TO WIN. 1151 01:19:05,001 --> 01:19:07,091 narrator: BY SPRING OF 1945, 1152 01:19:07,133 --> 01:19:09,273 ADOLF HITLER IS DEAD, 1153 01:19:09,309 --> 01:19:12,619 AND THE WAR IN EUROPE IS FINALLY OVER. 1154 01:19:16,360 --> 01:19:18,970 BUT ONE AXIS POWER REMAINS, 1155 01:19:19,015 --> 01:19:22,665 AND PRESIDENT HARRY TRUMAN AND THE UNITED STATES MILITARY 1156 01:19:22,714 --> 01:19:27,154 CAN NOW FOCUS THEIR ATTENTION ON JAPAN. 1157 01:19:28,720 --> 01:19:31,850 [gunfire] 1158 01:19:31,897 --> 01:19:33,727 [explosions] 1159 01:19:33,769 --> 01:19:36,159 FOR THREE YEARS THE UNITED STATES HAS ENGAGED 1160 01:19:36,206 --> 01:19:40,986 IN A DEVASTATING FIGHT WITH THE JAPANESE MILITARY, 1161 01:19:41,037 --> 01:19:45,347 BUT EVEN AFTER THE FALL OF THEIR LAST REMAINING ALLIES, 1162 01:19:45,389 --> 01:19:48,519 JAPAN STILL REFUSES TO SURRENDER. 1163 01:19:51,264 --> 01:19:54,054 AND AS THEY GROW INCREASINGLY DESPERATE, 1164 01:19:54,093 --> 01:19:56,793 THEY BEGIN BOMBARDING THE ALLIES 1165 01:19:56,835 --> 01:20:00,055 WITH DEVASTATING KAMIKAZE ATTACKS. 1166 01:20:07,846 --> 01:20:13,286 - THE JAPANESE HAVE A CODE OF BEHAVIOR. 1167 01:20:13,330 --> 01:20:17,290 ONE OF THOSE PARTS IS NO SURRENDER. 1168 01:20:20,293 --> 01:20:22,253 THE JAPANESE WERE JUST SO DETERMINED 1169 01:20:22,295 --> 01:20:24,245 TO FIGHT ON AT ALL COSTS. 1170 01:20:31,000 --> 01:20:32,920 narrator: GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR 1171 01:20:32,958 --> 01:20:34,478 KNOWS THE JAPANESE MILITARY 1172 01:20:34,525 --> 01:20:37,615 WILL BE A FEARSOME ENEMY TO BEAT. 1173 01:20:37,658 --> 01:20:41,488 HE'S CONVINCED THAT THE ONLY WAY TO DEFEAT THE LAST AXIS POWER 1174 01:20:41,532 --> 01:20:42,932 IS WITH WHAT COULD BE 1175 01:20:42,968 --> 01:20:45,878 THE LARGEST MILITARY OPERATION IN HISTORY, 1176 01:20:45,928 --> 01:20:49,628 AN ASSAULT THAT WOULD DWARF EVEN THE SIZE OF D-DAY-- 1177 01:20:49,670 --> 01:20:54,330 A DARING AMPHIBIOUS INVASION OF THE JAPANESE MAINLAND. 1178 01:20:54,371 --> 01:20:55,681 - THE UNITED STATES COULD LOSE 1179 01:20:55,720 --> 01:20:57,500 AS MANY AS A HUNDRED THOUSAND MEN. 1180 01:20:57,548 --> 01:20:59,118 THE CASUALTIES COULD BE OVER A MILLION, 1181 01:20:59,158 --> 01:21:03,598 BUT MACARTHUR BELIEVES THIS IS THE PROPER THING TO DO 1182 01:21:03,641 --> 01:21:06,991 EVEN THOUGH IT'D BE COSTLY. 1183 01:21:07,036 --> 01:21:09,686 narrator: BUT MACARTHUR IS NOT THE ONLY ONE WITH PLANS 1184 01:21:09,734 --> 01:21:12,394 FOR A CONQUEST OF JAPAN. 1185 01:21:22,094 --> 01:21:24,234 AS THE WAR NEARS AN END, 1186 01:21:24,270 --> 01:21:28,230 JOSEPH STALIN LOOKS TO TAKE CONTROL. 1187 01:21:28,274 --> 01:21:30,584 IN JULY OF 1945, 1188 01:21:30,624 --> 01:21:33,764 JOSEPH STALIN BEGINS MOBILIZING HIS TROOPS INTO CHINA. 1189 01:21:33,801 --> 01:21:35,591 HE'S NOT ABOUT TO LET THE UNITED STATES 1190 01:21:35,629 --> 01:21:37,759 HAVE JAPAN FOR THEMSELVES, 1191 01:21:37,805 --> 01:21:40,585 AND HE BELIEVES IF CAN BEAT AMERICA TO THE PUNCH, 1192 01:21:40,634 --> 01:21:43,774 HIS POWER ON THE WORLD STAGE WILL BE UNMATCHED. 1193 01:21:45,726 --> 01:21:48,596 - THERE IS NO QUESTION THAT STALIN 1194 01:21:48,642 --> 01:21:52,952 HELPED US DEFEAT NAZISM, 1195 01:21:52,995 --> 01:21:56,475 BUT IT'S ALSO TRUE THAT STALIN HAD HIS EYE 1196 01:21:56,520 --> 01:22:00,650 ON THE POSTWAR WORLD 1197 01:22:00,698 --> 01:22:04,618 AND WAS MUCH MORE FOCUSED ON GAINING ADVANTAGE 1198 01:22:04,658 --> 01:22:06,228 AT THE END OF WORLD WAR II 1199 01:22:06,269 --> 01:22:09,009 WHICH WOULD POSITION THE SOVIET UNION 1200 01:22:09,054 --> 01:22:10,624 FOR A GREATER FUTURE. 1201 01:22:12,536 --> 01:22:14,016 narrator: WITH STALIN ON HIS OWN QUEST 1202 01:22:14,059 --> 01:22:17,189 FOR GLOBAL DOMINATION, 1203 01:22:17,236 --> 01:22:18,976 GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES 1204 01:22:19,021 --> 01:22:21,111 WILL NEED TO ACT FAST. 1205 01:22:29,901 --> 01:22:31,691 FROM THE BEGINNING, WINSTON CHURCHILL 1206 01:22:31,729 --> 01:22:35,729 HAS SEEN STALIN AS A THREAT ALMOST AS GREAT AS HITLER. 1207 01:22:38,344 --> 01:22:40,304 BUT BEFORE HE CAN NEUTRALIZE STALIN 1208 01:22:40,346 --> 01:22:43,086 AND END THE WAR ON HIS OWN TERMS, 1209 01:22:43,132 --> 01:22:45,612 HE RECEIVES SOME SHOCKING NEWS. 1210 01:22:48,789 --> 01:22:52,529 ON JULY 26, 1945... 1211 01:22:55,448 --> 01:22:56,798 WINSTON CHURCHILL 1212 01:22:56,841 --> 01:23:00,931 IS UNEXPECTEDLY VOTED OUT OF OFFICE. 1213 01:23:00,976 --> 01:23:03,456 - CHURCHILL WAS PROVED RIGHT ABOUT THE NAZIS, 1214 01:23:03,500 --> 01:23:07,810 AND THAT'S WHAT TRANSFORMED HIM TO A GREAT WARTIME LEADER, 1215 01:23:07,852 --> 01:23:11,292 AND IT WAS IN WAR THAT HE PROVED HIS LEADERSHIP CREDENTIALS. 1216 01:23:11,334 --> 01:23:13,254 INTERESTINGLY ENOUGH, THE BRITISH PEOPLE 1217 01:23:13,292 --> 01:23:15,212 THEN DIDN'T TRUST HIM TO WIN THE PEACE. 1218 01:23:28,742 --> 01:23:32,792 narrator: WITHOUT CHURCHILL, HARRY TRUMAN IS ON HIS OWN. 1219 01:23:32,833 --> 01:23:34,533 HE KNOWS HE NEEDS TO FINISH THE WAR 1220 01:23:34,574 --> 01:23:37,934 BEFORE STALIN IS ABLE TO, 1221 01:23:37,969 --> 01:23:40,929 BUT HE ALSO KNOWS THAT MACARTHUR'S PLANNED INVASION 1222 01:23:40,972 --> 01:23:44,542 WOULD LEAD TO A CATASTROPHIC LOSS OF LIFE, 1223 01:23:44,584 --> 01:23:46,334 BUT WHAT FEW REALIZE, 1224 01:23:46,369 --> 01:23:49,589 IS THAT TRUMAN HAS ANOTHER OPTION. 1225 01:23:54,072 --> 01:23:55,682 - IT'S A GO. 1226 01:24:30,630 --> 01:24:33,720 [explosion rumbling] 1227 01:24:49,388 --> 01:24:52,518 narrator: ON AUGUST 6, 1945, 1228 01:24:52,565 --> 01:24:56,995 THE FIRST ATOMIC BOMB STRIKES HIROSHIMA. 1229 01:24:57,048 --> 01:24:58,478 IN AN INSTANT, 1230 01:24:58,528 --> 01:25:02,788 OVER 80,000 JAPANESE CIVILIANS ARE DEAD. 1231 01:25:05,187 --> 01:25:08,667 THE LEVEL OF DEVASTATION IS UNLIKE ANYTHING 1232 01:25:08,712 --> 01:25:12,022 ANYONE HAS EVER SEEN BEFORE. 1233 01:25:35,434 --> 01:25:38,524 [explosion rumbling] 1234 01:25:40,265 --> 01:25:42,915 JUST THREE DAYS LATER, 1235 01:25:42,963 --> 01:25:46,533 A SECOND ATOMIC STRIKE HITS NAGASAKI... 1236 01:25:50,449 --> 01:25:55,369 INSTANTLY KILLING ANOTHER 75,000 PEOPLE. 1237 01:25:55,411 --> 01:25:58,331 LESS THAN A WEEK LATER, 1238 01:25:58,370 --> 01:26:01,550 JAPAN FINALLY SURRENDERS. 1239 01:26:01,591 --> 01:26:05,161 THE LAST REMAINING AXIS POWER HAS FALLEN. 1240 01:26:07,031 --> 01:26:08,861 - IT'S EASY TO CRITICIZE TRUMAN'S DECISION 1241 01:26:08,902 --> 01:26:10,472 TO DROP THE BOMB, 1242 01:26:10,513 --> 01:26:11,863 BUT TELL THAT TO THE MILLION MOTHERS 1243 01:26:11,905 --> 01:26:15,645 WHO MIGHT HAVE LOST THEIR SONS. 1244 01:26:15,692 --> 01:26:17,002 WAR IS NO FUN THING. 1245 01:26:17,041 --> 01:26:18,481 IT'S A TERRIBLE THING, 1246 01:26:18,521 --> 01:26:20,351 BUT THE FACT THAT THOSE TWO BOMBS WERE DROPPED, 1247 01:26:20,392 --> 01:26:22,002 I THINK, GUARANTEED THAT WE'LL NEVER SEE 1248 01:26:22,046 --> 01:26:25,006 AN ATOMIC BOMB AGAIN DROPPED ON ANYONE. 1249 01:26:25,049 --> 01:26:27,699 IT'S EXISTENTIALLY NOT POSSIBLE, 1250 01:26:27,747 --> 01:26:28,917 AND I KNOW. 1251 01:26:28,966 --> 01:26:31,656 I WAS IN CHARGE OF 28,000 OF THEM. 1252 01:26:38,105 --> 01:26:39,625 - IT'S OVER. 1253 01:26:47,071 --> 01:26:51,731 narrator: THOUGH DIFFICULT AND CONTROVERSIAL, 1254 01:26:51,771 --> 01:26:54,251 THE DECISION TO DROP THE BOMB BRINGS AN END 1255 01:26:54,296 --> 01:26:58,736 TO THE SINGLE BLOODIEST CONFLICT IN HUMAN HISTORY. 1256 01:27:07,613 --> 01:27:15,933 IN THE 31 YEARS BETWEEN 1914 AND 1945 1257 01:27:15,969 --> 01:27:20,929 OVER 100 MILLION PEOPLE WERE KILLED 1258 01:27:20,974 --> 01:27:24,464 IN THE DEADLIEST FIGHTING THE WORLD HAS EVER SEEN. 1259 01:27:29,156 --> 01:27:32,066 THE WORLD WARS 1260 01:27:32,116 --> 01:27:36,986 WERE A TIME OF RUTHLESS TYRANTS 1261 01:27:37,034 --> 01:27:40,174 BUT ALSO LEGENDARY HEROES... 1262 01:27:43,345 --> 01:27:49,215 AN ERA WHEN A SINGLE GENERATION OF MEN 1263 01:27:49,264 --> 01:27:53,184 DETERMINED THE FATE OF ALL MANKIND. 1264 01:27:56,183 --> 01:28:00,103 - HISTORY TELLS US THAT PEOPLE ARE CAPABLE OF EVIL 1265 01:28:00,144 --> 01:28:03,154 AND UNLESS GOOD PEOPLE ARE WILLING TO FIGHT 1266 01:28:03,190 --> 01:28:06,190 PEOPLE CAPABLE OF EVIL, EVIL WILL TRIUMPH. 1267 01:28:08,761 --> 01:28:13,511 - SOMEONE WHO IS WILLING TO TAKE THE RISKS 1268 01:28:13,549 --> 01:28:16,939 THAT ARE INVOLVED WITH MILITARY ACTION IS A HERO 1269 01:28:16,987 --> 01:28:18,117 AS FAR AS I'M CONCERNED. 1270 01:28:20,860 --> 01:28:24,080 I MEAN MY TOUGHEST JOB WAS TO WRITE NOTES OF CONDOLENCE 1271 01:28:24,124 --> 01:28:29,004 TO THE FAMILIES WHO HAD LOST LOVED ONES, 1272 01:28:29,042 --> 01:28:30,782 BUT THE WORDS I ALWAYS USED 1273 01:28:30,827 --> 01:28:32,737 IS THAT YOU CAN ALWAYS TAKE SOME COMFORT 1274 01:28:32,785 --> 01:28:36,305 IN THE FACT THAT THEY GAVE THEIR LIFE FOR THEIR COUNTRY 1275 01:28:36,354 --> 01:28:38,974 AND THAT THEY WILL BE FOREVER REMEMBERED AS HEROES.