1 00:00:01,166 --> 00:00:02,634 [Josh Gates] This place is unreal. 2 00:00:05,266 --> 00:00:07,367 What was the Kingdom of Kush? 3 00:00:07,433 --> 00:00:08,867 [man] A civilization that lived here 4 00:00:08,867 --> 00:00:10,734 for almost 3,000 years. 5 00:00:10,734 --> 00:00:13,734 We don't understand, I would say, most of it. 6 00:00:16,100 --> 00:00:17,467 [Josh] Kush goes from being 7 00:00:17,533 --> 00:00:19,100 under the thumb of the Egyptians 8 00:00:19,100 --> 00:00:21,533 to ruling this entire region. 9 00:00:23,266 --> 00:00:24,533 What's in the third chamber? 10 00:00:24,634 --> 00:00:26,166 So, it should be the king. 11 00:00:26,233 --> 00:00:27,634 [Josh] It's completely flooded. 12 00:00:28,600 --> 00:00:30,000 We decided to dive it. You interested? 13 00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:31,100 We decided to dive it. You interested? 14 00:00:37,533 --> 00:00:40,367 [Josh] This is, like, the most dangerous diving that you could do. 15 00:00:40,367 --> 00:00:41,634 [over radio] I'm making my way through. 16 00:00:41,734 --> 00:00:45,700 All the dangers of going into an unstable, crumbling ruin. 17 00:00:45,700 --> 00:00:48,066 Look at this place! Are you kidding me? 18 00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:49,867 I'm nervous. 19 00:00:49,867 --> 00:00:52,066 That's not true. I'm scared. 20 00:00:52,100 --> 00:00:54,166 Dive team, it's topside, you only got five minutes left. 21 00:00:54,166 --> 00:00:56,467 [Josh over radio] I think I can see the slab. 22 00:00:56,467 --> 00:00:57,634 What is that? 23 00:00:58,100 --> 00:00:59,467 Wait, what is this? 24 00:01:14,266 --> 00:01:15,533 Okay, pop quiz. 25 00:01:15,634 --> 00:01:18,467 Name a country that was once ruled by pharaohs, 26 00:01:18,533 --> 00:01:20,066 has a capital on the Nile, 27 00:01:20,100 --> 00:01:22,734 and is home to more pyramids than any other. 28 00:01:22,800 --> 00:01:24,266 Well, if you said Egypt, 29 00:01:24,266 --> 00:01:26,533 then you are absolutely wrong. 30 00:01:26,634 --> 00:01:28,634 The answer is their southern neighbor, 31 00:01:29,867 --> 00:01:30,000 modern-day Sudan. 32 00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:31,266 modern-day Sudan. 33 00:01:31,266 --> 00:01:34,233 which was once home to the Kingdom of Kush. 34 00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:37,634 A mysterious civilization so powerful 35 00:01:37,634 --> 00:01:40,367 that it once conquered the ancient Egyptians. 36 00:01:40,967 --> 00:01:41,867 For centuries, 37 00:01:41,867 --> 00:01:44,266 the pyramids and cities of the Kushites 38 00:01:44,266 --> 00:01:46,967 were buried beneath the sands of the Sahara. 39 00:01:46,967 --> 00:01:49,800 Once they were rediscovered in the early 20th century, 40 00:01:49,900 --> 00:01:52,500 archeologists unearthed glittering treasures 41 00:01:52,500 --> 00:01:54,734 that rivaled those of King Tut. 42 00:01:55,867 --> 00:01:59,066 But they wrongly attributed the Kushites' accomplishments 43 00:01:59,066 --> 00:02:00,000 to the neighboring Egyptians. 44 00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:01,166 to the neighboring Egyptians. 45 00:02:01,233 --> 00:02:03,266 And before history could be corrected, 46 00:02:03,266 --> 00:02:04,867 many of those early finds 47 00:02:04,867 --> 00:02:06,800 were swallowed up by the elements. 48 00:02:09,967 --> 00:02:12,467 Now, a new generation of scientists 49 00:02:12,533 --> 00:02:14,000 is attempting to learn 50 00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:16,734 the real history of the Kingdom of Kush. 51 00:02:18,734 --> 00:02:21,166 At a holy site deep in the desert, 52 00:02:21,233 --> 00:02:23,367 explorers are unlocking the secrets 53 00:02:23,367 --> 00:02:25,734 of what made Kush so powerful. 54 00:02:25,800 --> 00:02:27,867 And at an ancient burial ground, 55 00:02:27,867 --> 00:02:30,000 a daring archeologist is attempting something 56 00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:30,467 a daring archeologist is attempting something 57 00:02:30,467 --> 00:02:32,700 that many would call 'insane'. 58 00:02:32,700 --> 00:02:35,634 Beneath the crumbling ruins of a Kushite pyramid, 59 00:02:35,734 --> 00:02:37,066 he's planning to dive 60 00:02:37,100 --> 00:02:40,367 into the pitch-black flooded tomb of a king, 61 00:02:40,367 --> 00:02:43,533 seeking the remains of his long-lost mummy. 62 00:02:43,634 --> 00:02:45,533 And I've been invited to join him. 63 00:02:50,266 --> 00:02:51,533 This is, by far, 64 00:02:51,634 --> 00:02:53,066 the most dangerous expedition 65 00:02:53,100 --> 00:02:54,600 I've ever considered. 66 00:02:54,600 --> 00:02:56,533 But also the most exciting. 67 00:02:57,166 --> 00:02:58,700 A chance to perhaps discover 68 00:02:58,700 --> 00:03:00,000 a Kush king in his pyramid, 69 00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:01,367 a Kush king in his pyramid, 70 00:03:01,433 --> 00:03:04,100 something that has never been documented before. 71 00:03:04,100 --> 00:03:06,100 So, join me on a quest 72 00:03:06,100 --> 00:03:08,000 to a real-world Wakanda, 73 00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:09,533 and the greatest empire 74 00:03:09,533 --> 00:03:11,533 that you maybe have never heard of. 75 00:03:11,634 --> 00:03:13,634 It's time to hunt for the treasures 76 00:03:13,634 --> 00:03:14,700 and the truth 77 00:03:14,700 --> 00:03:16,634 behind the Kingdom of Kush. 78 00:03:20,367 --> 00:03:21,634 [theme song playing] 79 00:03:22,500 --> 00:03:24,166 [Josh] My name is Josh Gates. 80 00:03:24,367 --> 00:03:25,166 Hello! 81 00:03:25,233 --> 00:03:25,967 Explorer... 82 00:03:25,967 --> 00:03:26,700 Here goes nothing. 83 00:03:26,700 --> 00:03:27,967 ...adventurer... 84 00:03:27,967 --> 00:03:29,166 [whooping] 85 00:03:29,166 --> 00:03:30,000 Oh, it's a long way down. 86 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:30,367 Oh, it's a long way down. 87 00:03:30,367 --> 00:03:31,734 ...and a guy who ends up 88 00:03:31,800 --> 00:03:33,367 in some very strange situations. 89 00:03:33,433 --> 00:03:34,266 [screaming] 90 00:03:34,266 --> 00:03:35,967 I'm alive! For now. 91 00:03:35,967 --> 00:03:37,367 With a degree in archaeology 92 00:03:37,367 --> 00:03:39,600 and a passion for the unexplained, 93 00:03:39,600 --> 00:03:41,634 I travel to the ends of the Earth, 94 00:03:41,634 --> 00:03:44,867 investigating the greatest legends in History. 95 00:03:44,867 --> 00:03:46,166 Let's rock and roll. 96 00:03:46,233 --> 00:03:48,533 This is Expedition Unknown. 97 00:03:58,367 --> 00:03:59,533 [all chanting] 98 00:04:00,266 --> 00:04:01,734 [Josh] I begin my investigation 99 00:04:01,734 --> 00:04:03,533 into the ancient and mysterious 100 00:04:03,634 --> 00:04:04,800 Kingdom of Kush, 101 00:04:04,900 --> 00:04:07,166 in the capital of modern Sudan, 102 00:04:07,967 --> 00:04:09,266 Khartoum. 103 00:04:09,266 --> 00:04:10,166 To us in the West, 104 00:04:10,166 --> 00:04:12,367 the name has an almost mythic quality, 105 00:04:12,433 --> 00:04:14,367 like some fabled African city 106 00:04:14,367 --> 00:04:16,634 or maybe something out of The Arabian Nights. 107 00:04:16,734 --> 00:04:17,734 But in reality, 108 00:04:17,734 --> 00:04:20,166 this place is not an ancient treasure. 109 00:04:20,166 --> 00:04:21,266 In fact, relatively speaking, 110 00:04:21,333 --> 00:04:23,734 Khartoum is, well, kind of new. 111 00:04:25,734 --> 00:04:28,100 Established only 200 years ago, 112 00:04:28,100 --> 00:04:29,867 this is a bustling town. 113 00:04:29,867 --> 00:04:30,000 The beating heart of a country, which, 114 00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:31,700 The beating heart of a country, which, 115 00:04:31,700 --> 00:04:33,533 after years of fierce fighting 116 00:04:33,634 --> 00:04:35,166 and political upheaval 117 00:04:35,166 --> 00:04:37,634 seemed to be changing for the better. 118 00:04:37,634 --> 00:04:39,600 [crowd clamoring] 119 00:04:39,600 --> 00:04:41,867 [Josh] Hopes were high when a brutal civil war 120 00:04:41,867 --> 00:04:45,166 that devastated the country ended in 2011. 121 00:04:45,867 --> 00:04:47,467 And in just the last few years, 122 00:04:47,467 --> 00:04:49,467 Sudan has had a revolution, 123 00:04:49,467 --> 00:04:51,367 tossed out an Islamic dictator, 124 00:04:51,367 --> 00:04:52,867 and is no longer designated 125 00:04:52,867 --> 00:04:55,066 a US State Sponsor of Terrorism. 126 00:04:55,066 --> 00:04:56,634 So, that's a good thing. 127 00:04:58,367 --> 00:04:59,367 But sadly, 128 00:04:59,367 --> 00:05:00,000 Sudan has once again 129 00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:00,734 Sudan has once again 130 00:05:00,734 --> 00:05:02,266 been rocked by violence 131 00:05:02,266 --> 00:05:04,266 as rival military factions 132 00:05:04,333 --> 00:05:06,100 battle for control. 133 00:05:06,100 --> 00:05:07,700 The fighting began only weeks 134 00:05:07,700 --> 00:05:09,800 after my crew and I left the country. 135 00:05:12,266 --> 00:05:13,367 What you're seeing 136 00:05:13,433 --> 00:05:15,266 are some of the last quiet moments 137 00:05:15,266 --> 00:05:17,734 Khartoum would have for some time. 138 00:05:19,500 --> 00:05:20,600 But while modern Sudan 139 00:05:20,600 --> 00:05:23,066 tries to build a peaceful future, 140 00:05:23,100 --> 00:05:25,533 I'm here to delve into its past. 141 00:05:26,867 --> 00:05:29,266 Right here, smack-dab in the middle of Khartoum 142 00:05:29,266 --> 00:05:30,000 is one of the world's great geologic features. 143 00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:32,166 is one of the world's great geologic features. 144 00:05:32,166 --> 00:05:34,066 On my left is the White Nile, 145 00:05:34,100 --> 00:05:37,166 which has been flowing north all the way from East Africa. 146 00:05:37,166 --> 00:05:38,467 On my right, the Blue Nile, 147 00:05:38,467 --> 00:05:41,734 which flows here from Lake Tana in Ethiopia. 148 00:05:41,800 --> 00:05:43,600 And this is the spot where they meet. 149 00:05:43,600 --> 00:05:45,467 It's called "the confluence." 150 00:05:45,533 --> 00:05:47,900 And together, they form... the Nile! 151 00:05:50,100 --> 00:05:52,600 It's considered the longest river in the world. 152 00:05:52,600 --> 00:05:54,100 And it's the life-giving force 153 00:05:54,100 --> 00:05:57,066 that made ancient Egypt's success possible. 154 00:05:57,066 --> 00:06:00,000 But they weren't the river's only beneficiary. 155 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:00,100 But they weren't the river's only beneficiary. 156 00:06:00,100 --> 00:06:02,166 Directly south of modern Egypt, 157 00:06:02,233 --> 00:06:03,734 Sudan and South Sudan 158 00:06:03,734 --> 00:06:06,533 occupy over a million square miles, 159 00:06:06,634 --> 00:06:10,433 and take up nearly 10% of the African continent. 160 00:06:12,467 --> 00:06:13,634 Thousands of years ago, 161 00:06:13,634 --> 00:06:16,467 this was the land referred to as Nubia. 162 00:06:16,533 --> 00:06:19,367 A vast area that gave rise to the Kushites, 163 00:06:19,367 --> 00:06:22,634 who flourished between here and Egypt's southern border. 164 00:06:24,500 --> 00:06:27,266 The earliest references to people in this region 165 00:06:27,333 --> 00:06:29,266 are found in Egyptian hieroglyphs, 166 00:06:29,266 --> 00:06:30,000 thousands of years old, 167 00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:30,900 thousands of years old, 168 00:06:31,000 --> 00:06:33,266 where they are portrayed as warriors... 169 00:06:35,166 --> 00:06:36,367 and wrestlers. 170 00:06:38,000 --> 00:06:39,533 Khartoum Stadium. 171 00:06:39,533 --> 00:06:41,967 Within its walls, a crowd has gathered 172 00:06:41,967 --> 00:06:43,533 to watch an ancient art. 173 00:06:44,634 --> 00:06:47,333 Part fight, part ritual, 174 00:06:49,166 --> 00:06:50,233 part dance. 175 00:06:51,533 --> 00:06:53,166 And full contact. 176 00:06:59,500 --> 00:07:00,000 [cheering] 177 00:07:00,000 --> 00:07:00,734 [cheering] 178 00:07:02,266 --> 00:07:04,634 [Josh] Weekly matches here draw huge crowds. 179 00:07:04,734 --> 00:07:07,066 Including my new friend, Biggy. 180 00:07:07,066 --> 00:07:09,066 This is very old as tradition, yes? 181 00:07:09,100 --> 00:07:11,700 [Biggy] Yes, and it goes back to the ancient Nubian kingdom. 182 00:07:11,700 --> 00:07:12,533 [Josh] All the way back? 183 00:07:12,634 --> 00:07:14,166 And has it changed much? 184 00:07:14,233 --> 00:07:16,900 Yes, I mean, back in the day, they used to, uh... 185 00:07:17,467 --> 00:07:19,266 the used to wrestle naked. 186 00:07:19,266 --> 00:07:20,634 -Fully naked? -Fully naked. 187 00:07:20,734 --> 00:07:21,734 [Josh] Okay. 188 00:07:21,800 --> 00:07:23,367 [crowd exclaiming] 189 00:07:23,433 --> 00:07:24,166 [Biggy] Do you wanna wrestle? 190 00:07:24,166 --> 00:07:25,967 -Do I wanna wrestle? -Yes. 191 00:07:25,967 --> 00:07:27,066 You look like a big guy. 192 00:07:27,100 --> 00:07:28,166 I am a big guy. 193 00:07:28,166 --> 00:07:29,266 [Biggy] I know a few people that can... 194 00:07:29,333 --> 00:07:30,000 [Josh] Oh, you can get me in the ring? 195 00:07:30,000 --> 00:07:30,467 [Josh] Oh, you can get me in the ring? 196 00:07:30,533 --> 00:07:32,533 Yeah, unfortunately, I only wrestle naked. 197 00:07:33,367 --> 00:07:34,867 -[Biggy laughs] -I'm a traditionalist. 198 00:07:34,867 --> 00:07:36,266 -Oh, okay. -It would be against... 199 00:07:36,266 --> 00:07:37,266 it would be against my ways. 200 00:07:37,266 --> 00:07:38,367 I like to do it the old way. 201 00:07:38,367 --> 00:07:39,533 -I like that. -Thank you. 202 00:07:39,533 --> 00:07:40,634 Thank you. 203 00:07:41,867 --> 00:07:43,233 [crowd cheering] 204 00:07:46,467 --> 00:07:47,634 [crowd cheering] 205 00:07:50,867 --> 00:07:51,800 [Josh] The matches end 206 00:07:51,900 --> 00:07:53,266 in the light of the setting sun. 207 00:07:54,166 --> 00:07:57,467 This modern tradition echoes the modern Kushites, 208 00:07:57,533 --> 00:07:59,867 who were clearly proud warriors. 209 00:07:59,867 --> 00:08:00,000 But how did they take on 210 00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:01,166 But how did they take on 211 00:08:01,166 --> 00:08:04,634 a force as formidable as ancient Egypt? 212 00:08:04,634 --> 00:08:06,800 I grab some shut-eye while I can. 213 00:08:06,900 --> 00:08:07,800 Because tomorrow, 214 00:08:07,900 --> 00:08:10,266 I'm embarking on a major expedition 215 00:08:10,266 --> 00:08:11,367 to find out. 216 00:08:16,533 --> 00:08:17,367 Good morning. 217 00:08:17,367 --> 00:08:19,266 It is dawn here in Khartoum 218 00:08:19,333 --> 00:08:21,000 and we are getting ready to load out. 219 00:08:21,000 --> 00:08:22,634 We've got a fleet of 4X4s 220 00:08:22,734 --> 00:08:23,700 and the equipment truck. 221 00:08:23,700 --> 00:08:25,533 And we are gonna be heading deep into the desert 222 00:08:25,634 --> 00:08:27,166 to go back in time 223 00:08:27,233 --> 00:08:28,800 to the ancient kingdom of Kush. 224 00:08:29,467 --> 00:08:30,000 All right, boys, how we doing? 225 00:08:30,000 --> 00:08:31,166 All right, boys, how we doing? 226 00:08:31,233 --> 00:08:32,634 Doing good, about five minutes out. 227 00:08:34,700 --> 00:08:36,734 [Josh] We're about to embark on a drive 228 00:08:36,800 --> 00:08:39,800 through Saharan Africa's most unforgiving terrain 229 00:08:39,900 --> 00:08:42,467 to the once massive city known as Kerma. 230 00:08:43,166 --> 00:08:44,266 Okay, let's roll. 231 00:08:53,266 --> 00:08:55,166 I pull out ahead of the convoy 232 00:08:55,166 --> 00:08:56,533 and out of Khartoum. 233 00:08:58,000 --> 00:09:00,000 Well, out there is the Nubian Desert. 234 00:09:00,000 --> 00:09:00,166 Well, out there is the Nubian Desert. 235 00:09:00,166 --> 00:09:01,533 Part of the larger Sahara 236 00:09:01,634 --> 00:09:04,533 that stretches nearly four million square miles 237 00:09:04,533 --> 00:09:07,367 from western Africa all the way to the Red Sea. 238 00:09:07,367 --> 00:09:09,266 It is vast, it is beautiful. 239 00:09:09,333 --> 00:09:11,900 And it is not the place that you wanna run out of gas. 240 00:09:12,867 --> 00:09:14,867 I have three-quarters of a tank, though, so... 241 00:09:14,867 --> 00:09:15,734 we should be fine. 242 00:09:16,266 --> 00:09:17,066 Probably. 243 00:09:17,066 --> 00:09:18,266 Most likely. 244 00:09:18,266 --> 00:09:19,500 It takes about eight hours 245 00:09:19,500 --> 00:09:22,634 to traverse nearly 400 miles of desert, 246 00:09:22,734 --> 00:09:23,800 to the mysterious place 247 00:09:23,900 --> 00:09:26,333 where the Kingdom of Kush got its start. 248 00:09:31,367 --> 00:09:32,900 I arrive at Kerma. 249 00:09:33,467 --> 00:09:34,367 At first glance, 250 00:09:34,433 --> 00:09:36,000 the landscape looks empty. 251 00:09:41,967 --> 00:09:42,867 But from above, 252 00:09:42,867 --> 00:09:45,433 a complicated pattern comes into view. 253 00:09:47,367 --> 00:09:50,500 Joining me to explain what all of this once was 254 00:09:50,500 --> 00:09:52,467 is archeologist and former director 255 00:09:52,533 --> 00:09:54,867 of Sudan's Department of Antiquities, 256 00:09:54,867 --> 00:09:56,634 Abdelrahman Ali. 257 00:09:58,266 --> 00:09:59,734 [Abdelrahman] Josh, welcome to Kerma. 258 00:09:59,734 --> 00:10:00,000 The first great city of the Kingdom of Kush. 259 00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:02,367 The first great city of the Kingdom of Kush. 260 00:10:02,367 --> 00:10:03,800 When is all of this built? 261 00:10:04,166 --> 00:10:06,533 2500 B.C. 262 00:10:06,634 --> 00:10:08,367 [Josh] Wow, so this is... this is an old city. 263 00:10:08,433 --> 00:10:11,166 Yeah, that that time, it was the largest city in Africa. 264 00:10:11,166 --> 00:10:13,266 This was the largest city on the continent? 265 00:10:13,333 --> 00:10:14,800 -Yes, of course. -Wow! 266 00:10:15,867 --> 00:10:17,166 [Josh] In every direction, 267 00:10:17,166 --> 00:10:19,266 a blueprint to the past. 268 00:10:19,333 --> 00:10:22,734 The ghostly foundations of hundreds of structures. 269 00:10:22,734 --> 00:10:24,367 Five thousand years ago, 270 00:10:24,367 --> 00:10:26,533 this was an advanced society. 271 00:10:27,166 --> 00:10:28,533 This is like when they're building 272 00:10:28,634 --> 00:10:29,800 the pyramids in Egypt, yeah? 273 00:10:29,900 --> 00:10:30,000 [Abdelrahman] Yes, at that time, 274 00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:30,800 [Abdelrahman] Yes, at that time, 275 00:10:30,967 --> 00:10:33,367 they are building the Great Pyramids in Egypt. 276 00:10:33,433 --> 00:10:35,634 And in Sudan, they are building this. 277 00:10:36,166 --> 00:10:37,266 [Josh] Whoa. 278 00:10:42,967 --> 00:10:43,800 [Abdelrahman] At the time, 279 00:10:43,900 --> 00:10:46,367 it was the largest structure 280 00:10:46,433 --> 00:10:47,634 in the sub-Saharan Africa. 281 00:10:47,634 --> 00:10:48,900 [Josh] Wow, incredible. 282 00:10:50,634 --> 00:10:51,900 This mud brick temple, 283 00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:53,500 known as the Deffufa, 284 00:10:53,500 --> 00:10:55,800 stands 65 feet tall 285 00:10:55,900 --> 00:10:58,467 and was once honeycombed with an intricate network 286 00:10:58,533 --> 00:11:00,000 of chambers and corridors. 287 00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:00,233 of chambers and corridors. 288 00:11:03,367 --> 00:11:04,467 Wow. 289 00:11:05,367 --> 00:11:08,600 I'd like to say, this building is so impressive. 290 00:11:08,600 --> 00:11:10,166 Yeah, it is so impressive 291 00:11:10,166 --> 00:11:12,467 that the famous American archaeologist, 292 00:11:12,467 --> 00:11:13,367 George Reisner, 293 00:11:13,367 --> 00:11:16,367 came here in the 19th century. 294 00:11:16,367 --> 00:11:17,600 He was convinced 295 00:11:17,600 --> 00:11:20,533 that it was built by the Egyptians. 296 00:11:20,634 --> 00:11:23,700 [Josh] Harvard-trained American archaeologist George Reisner 297 00:11:23,700 --> 00:11:26,800 is considered the father of Sudanese archaeology. 298 00:11:27,467 --> 00:11:30,000 From 1916 to 1923, 299 00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:30,166 From 1916 to 1923, 300 00:11:30,233 --> 00:11:31,867 Reisner was the first to unearth 301 00:11:31,867 --> 00:11:33,867 almost every significant location 302 00:11:33,867 --> 00:11:35,734 in Kushite history. 303 00:11:35,800 --> 00:11:36,867 His legacy, however, 304 00:11:36,867 --> 00:11:38,734 is more than a little complicated. 305 00:11:39,066 --> 00:11:39,867 For one thing, 306 00:11:39,867 --> 00:11:41,467 he robbed the country blind, 307 00:11:41,467 --> 00:11:44,100 shipping all of the best finds out of Sudan 308 00:11:44,100 --> 00:11:46,266 to Boston's Museum of Fine Arts. 309 00:11:46,867 --> 00:11:49,333 And also, he got a lot wrong. 310 00:11:51,867 --> 00:11:53,900 Reisner thought this is so sophisticated, 311 00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:55,467 this temple is so huge, 312 00:11:55,467 --> 00:11:57,367 it could not have been built by the people of Kush. 313 00:11:57,367 --> 00:11:58,533 Yeah, yes, of course. 314 00:11:58,634 --> 00:12:00,000 Because he came with the colonial perception 315 00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:01,000 Because he came with the colonial perception 316 00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:02,467 of the early archaeologists. 317 00:12:02,467 --> 00:12:06,367 This is obviously a really successful, powerful civilization. 318 00:12:06,433 --> 00:12:08,600 So, what's making Kush so wealthy? 319 00:12:08,600 --> 00:12:10,467 Mineral resources. 320 00:12:10,533 --> 00:12:12,066 When you said "mineral resources," what did you mean? 321 00:12:12,066 --> 00:12:12,867 I mean the gold. 322 00:12:12,867 --> 00:12:13,734 -Gold. -Yes. 323 00:12:13,800 --> 00:12:15,467 'Cause most of the Egyptian gold 324 00:12:15,467 --> 00:12:16,734 came from Kush. 325 00:12:18,634 --> 00:12:19,634 [Josh] This is incredible, 326 00:12:19,634 --> 00:12:21,533 because when we think of ancient Egypt, 327 00:12:21,533 --> 00:12:22,634 we think of gold. 328 00:12:22,634 --> 00:12:24,066 We think about, you know, 329 00:12:24,066 --> 00:12:25,600 these glittering death masks. 330 00:12:25,600 --> 00:12:27,166 But you're telling me 331 00:12:27,166 --> 00:12:28,166 most of that's not Egyptian? 332 00:12:28,166 --> 00:12:30,000 Most of the gold of ancient Egypt 333 00:12:30,000 --> 00:12:30,367 Most of the gold of ancient Egypt 334 00:12:30,367 --> 00:12:31,634 came from Kush. 335 00:12:32,700 --> 00:12:34,066 [Josh] And if there's one thing we know 336 00:12:34,100 --> 00:12:36,100 about resources like gold 337 00:12:36,100 --> 00:12:38,233 is that many people want them. 338 00:12:38,867 --> 00:12:40,467 Egypt and the Kingdom of Kush 339 00:12:40,467 --> 00:12:42,734 view each other as both trading partner 340 00:12:42,800 --> 00:12:44,600 and military rival. 341 00:12:44,600 --> 00:12:47,000 The relationship officially turns toxic 342 00:12:47,000 --> 00:12:48,900 in 1500 B.C., 343 00:12:49,000 --> 00:12:52,166 when the New Kingdom Egyptian pharaoh Thutmose I 344 00:12:52,166 --> 00:12:54,166 invades Kush territory. 345 00:12:54,166 --> 00:12:55,166 The result? 346 00:12:55,233 --> 00:12:56,634 Mighty Kerma 347 00:12:56,634 --> 00:12:58,367 is burnt to the ground. 348 00:12:58,700 --> 00:12:59,700 [flames crackling] 349 00:12:59,700 --> 00:13:00,000 [distant screams] 350 00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:01,166 [distant screams] 351 00:13:01,166 --> 00:13:03,600 You know, once the Egyptians have a foothold here, 352 00:13:03,600 --> 00:13:04,867 how long do they stay? 353 00:13:04,867 --> 00:13:08,166 The Egyptians stay for about 500 years. 354 00:13:08,166 --> 00:13:09,533 Ho...! They really stay. 355 00:13:12,266 --> 00:13:13,467 With Kerma razed, 356 00:13:13,467 --> 00:13:15,900 Egypt controls the Kingdom of Kush 357 00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:18,066 and all its resources. 358 00:13:18,066 --> 00:13:20,867 The Kushites become completely Egyptianized, 359 00:13:20,867 --> 00:13:24,066 adopting their neighbor's religion and traditions. 360 00:13:24,066 --> 00:13:25,800 But after five centuries, 361 00:13:25,900 --> 00:13:27,634 something unexpected happens. 362 00:13:27,634 --> 00:13:28,734 The Egyptians, 363 00:13:28,734 --> 00:13:30,000 dealing with political turmoil at home, withdraw. 364 00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:31,734 dealing with political turmoil at home, withdraw. 365 00:13:33,700 --> 00:13:35,066 So, what ends up happening? 366 00:13:35,100 --> 00:13:37,900 After the Egyptians withdraw, 367 00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:40,066 the Kush kingdom rebuilt itself 368 00:13:40,100 --> 00:13:41,800 and became a superpower. 369 00:13:43,500 --> 00:13:46,467 [Josh] It is a remarkable turn of the historical tide. 370 00:13:46,467 --> 00:13:48,367 The once subjugated Kushites 371 00:13:48,433 --> 00:13:49,467 even the score 372 00:13:49,533 --> 00:13:51,734 and successfully invade Egypt. 373 00:13:54,500 --> 00:13:56,800 But instead of exacting revenge, 374 00:13:56,900 --> 00:13:58,734 five successive Kush kings 375 00:13:58,800 --> 00:14:00,000 rule as the pharaohs of the 25th dynasty, 376 00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:02,634 rule as the pharaohs of the 25th dynasty, 377 00:14:02,734 --> 00:14:04,166 bringing about a renaissance 378 00:14:04,166 --> 00:14:06,867 in classic Egyptian arts and architecture, 379 00:14:06,867 --> 00:14:09,266 and rejuvenating Egyptian culture. 380 00:14:12,467 --> 00:14:14,367 To find out how they pulled it off, 381 00:14:14,367 --> 00:14:15,734 I need to leave Kerma 382 00:14:15,800 --> 00:14:18,634 and drive to the second center of Kush power. 383 00:14:18,734 --> 00:14:21,166 A place known as Nuri. 384 00:14:21,166 --> 00:14:24,533 The road from Kerma to Nuri will take us further south, 385 00:14:24,533 --> 00:14:26,266 following the course of the Nile. 386 00:14:26,333 --> 00:14:28,734 And deeper into the lands of Kush. 387 00:14:28,800 --> 00:14:30,000 The trip takes me southeast 388 00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:30,266 The trip takes me southeast 389 00:14:30,266 --> 00:14:33,266 into an even emptier expanse of the Sahara, 390 00:14:33,266 --> 00:14:34,734 if that's even possible. 391 00:14:36,700 --> 00:14:38,900 Finally, from behind the dunes, 392 00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:40,000 I see it. 393 00:14:45,367 --> 00:14:46,533 Not a mirage, 394 00:14:46,634 --> 00:14:48,800 but almost as unbelievable. 395 00:14:50,266 --> 00:14:51,333 Whoa. 396 00:14:56,734 --> 00:14:59,166 [Josh] This majestic city is Nuri. 397 00:14:59,233 --> 00:15:00,066 The great necropolis 398 00:15:00,166 --> 00:15:03,467 of the mysterious Kingdom of Kush. 399 00:15:03,467 --> 00:15:05,967 Here, in the sands of modern Sudan, 400 00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:07,533 rows of grand pyramids 401 00:15:07,600 --> 00:15:10,333 loom over a desolate landscape. 402 00:15:12,867 --> 00:15:14,867 To learn the secrets of the Kushites, 403 00:15:14,900 --> 00:15:17,533 one archaeologist has been making headlines 404 00:15:17,600 --> 00:15:18,533 with his daring, 405 00:15:18,533 --> 00:15:20,533 first-of-its-kind investigation 406 00:15:20,533 --> 00:15:21,857 underneath one of these pyramids. 407 00:15:21,857 --> 00:15:22,800 underneath one of these pyramids. 408 00:15:23,800 --> 00:15:26,900 And I'm getting unprecedented access to his site. 409 00:15:26,900 --> 00:15:28,634 Which is why I'm so excited 410 00:15:28,734 --> 00:15:30,533 to meet Pearce Paul Creasman. 411 00:15:31,734 --> 00:15:33,734 -I'm guessing you're Pearce Paul. -Josh. 412 00:15:33,734 --> 00:15:35,100 [Josh] You're gonna have to give me a minute, 413 00:15:35,100 --> 00:15:37,333 'cause I actually am kind of in a state of shock. 414 00:15:37,367 --> 00:15:38,166 Yeah. 415 00:15:38,266 --> 00:15:40,867 This is just a mind-blowing collection 416 00:15:40,867 --> 00:15:41,734 of ancient structures. 417 00:15:41,734 --> 00:15:43,967 It's awe-inspiring to be here at Nuri. 418 00:15:44,000 --> 00:15:47,066 So, here we're at the home of about two dozen kings 419 00:15:47,100 --> 00:15:48,867 of the second Kingdom of Kush. 420 00:15:48,900 --> 00:15:50,734 I think if you blindfolded a lot of people 421 00:15:50,734 --> 00:15:51,857 and showed them this, they'd say, 422 00:15:51,857 --> 00:15:52,433 and showed them this, they'd say, 423 00:15:52,500 --> 00:15:53,900 -"Oh, it must be in Egypt." -Yes. 424 00:15:53,900 --> 00:15:54,967 So, little known fact, 425 00:15:55,000 --> 00:15:56,867 there are more pyramids in Sudan than Egypt. 426 00:15:56,867 --> 00:15:58,100 How many pyramids in Sudan total? 427 00:15:58,100 --> 00:15:58,867 Hundreds. 428 00:15:58,867 --> 00:16:00,100 At this site alone, 429 00:16:00,100 --> 00:16:01,100 there were probably 80. 430 00:16:01,100 --> 00:16:02,734 -Yeah. -80 pyramids in one site? 431 00:16:03,734 --> 00:16:04,734 For comparison, 432 00:16:04,734 --> 00:16:06,367 in all of ancient Egypt, 433 00:16:06,367 --> 00:16:09,433 we know of only 118 pyramids. 434 00:16:09,500 --> 00:16:10,634 So, in this respect, 435 00:16:10,634 --> 00:16:12,867 the Kush beat the Egyptians again. 436 00:16:14,000 --> 00:16:16,634 Among the pyramids of Nuri is this one. 437 00:16:16,634 --> 00:16:19,266 The first pyramid built at this site. 438 00:16:19,333 --> 00:16:20,333 Big pyramid over there. 439 00:16:20,333 --> 00:16:21,857 So, the big pyramid, the largest pyramid in Sudan, 440 00:16:21,857 --> 00:16:23,066 So, the big pyramid, the largest pyramid in Sudan, 441 00:16:23,100 --> 00:16:25,000 this is the pyramid of Taharqa. 442 00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:27,166 [Josh] King Taharqa is the most celebrated 443 00:16:27,166 --> 00:16:29,000 of the five Kushite kings 444 00:16:29,000 --> 00:16:30,734 who ruled over Egypt. 445 00:16:30,734 --> 00:16:33,533 He reigns over a time of great prosperity 446 00:16:33,600 --> 00:16:36,634 and controls as much territory, if not more, 447 00:16:36,734 --> 00:16:39,533 than of any Egyptian pharaoh ever. 448 00:16:39,600 --> 00:16:42,166 He even gets a shout-out in the Old Testament. 449 00:16:42,166 --> 00:16:44,367 Taharqa is a major player 450 00:16:44,367 --> 00:16:45,367 in the story of Kush. 451 00:16:45,367 --> 00:16:47,734 Why does he choose to build a pyramid here? 452 00:16:47,734 --> 00:16:49,100 We have no idea. 453 00:16:49,100 --> 00:16:50,467 -[laughing] Okay. -And that's part of why we're here. 454 00:16:50,467 --> 00:16:51,857 We're trying to start addressing 455 00:16:51,857 --> 00:16:52,000 We're trying to start addressing 456 00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:52,867 some of these questions, 457 00:16:52,867 --> 00:16:54,100 because they're really important 458 00:16:54,100 --> 00:16:55,867 -to understanding the people. -Right. 459 00:16:55,867 --> 00:16:57,166 I mean, they used this place 460 00:16:57,467 --> 00:16:58,333 for centuries. 461 00:16:59,266 --> 00:17:00,367 [Josh] After Taharqa, 462 00:17:00,367 --> 00:17:02,634 and clearly because of his stature, 463 00:17:02,734 --> 00:17:04,367 nearly 20 future kings 464 00:17:04,367 --> 00:17:06,634 will erect their pyramids here as well. 465 00:17:06,634 --> 00:17:08,433 And what are the biggest mysteries 466 00:17:08,500 --> 00:17:09,367 about the Kingdom of Kush? 467 00:17:09,467 --> 00:17:12,333 We don't understand, I would say, most of it. 468 00:17:12,367 --> 00:17:13,166 Wow. 469 00:17:13,166 --> 00:17:14,533 It's in part because of where it is. 470 00:17:14,533 --> 00:17:15,867 It's in a part of the world 471 00:17:15,867 --> 00:17:17,634 that has been less accessible, 472 00:17:17,734 --> 00:17:19,533 to Western scholars, at least, 473 00:17:19,533 --> 00:17:20,734 for a very, very long time. 474 00:17:20,734 --> 00:17:21,734 [Josh] Yeah. 475 00:17:22,634 --> 00:17:23,867 Like at Kerma, 476 00:17:23,867 --> 00:17:26,467 George Reisner was the first Western archaeologist 477 00:17:26,467 --> 00:17:27,900 to explore Nuri. 478 00:17:27,900 --> 00:17:30,634 And again, he underestimated the Kushites. 479 00:17:30,734 --> 00:17:33,333 As he excavated his way through the necropolis, 480 00:17:33,367 --> 00:17:35,266 Reisner credited these pyramids 481 00:17:35,333 --> 00:17:36,634 to the Egyptians. 482 00:17:36,734 --> 00:17:38,100 Were there any of these pyramids 483 00:17:38,100 --> 00:17:38,900 he didn't get into? 484 00:17:38,900 --> 00:17:40,166 Well, they didn't get into 485 00:17:40,166 --> 00:17:42,433 more than a dozen parts of these pyramids, 486 00:17:42,500 --> 00:17:43,734 and including one entirely. 487 00:17:43,800 --> 00:17:44,533 Wow. Right. 488 00:17:44,600 --> 00:17:46,467 And so, we know that at this site, 489 00:17:46,467 --> 00:17:47,634 for a variety of reasons, 490 00:17:47,734 --> 00:17:49,433 no one's worked at it for 100 years. 491 00:17:49,500 --> 00:17:50,166 Right! 492 00:17:50,166 --> 00:17:51,634 For us, intellectually, 493 00:17:51,634 --> 00:17:51,857 that's a goldmine. 494 00:17:51,857 --> 00:17:52,634 that's a goldmine. 495 00:17:52,734 --> 00:17:53,867 Yeah! 496 00:17:53,900 --> 00:17:56,433 It might also be an actual goldmine. 497 00:17:56,500 --> 00:17:58,367 Since several chambers of these pyramids 498 00:17:58,367 --> 00:17:59,634 have never been entered, 499 00:17:59,634 --> 00:18:02,333 it's anyone's guess what's inside. 500 00:18:02,367 --> 00:18:03,533 So, easy-peasy, right? 501 00:18:03,533 --> 00:18:04,634 You just walk into the pyramids 502 00:18:04,634 --> 00:18:06,467 and, uh, get a whole bunch of knowledge. 503 00:18:06,467 --> 00:18:08,734 Um... I wish it was that easy. 504 00:18:08,800 --> 00:18:10,333 -It's not? -No, it's not. 505 00:18:11,800 --> 00:18:14,333 [Josh] To see exactly how not easy it is, 506 00:18:14,367 --> 00:18:16,367 Pearce Paul brings me over to the tomb 507 00:18:16,367 --> 00:18:18,533 that he's targeted for exploration. 508 00:18:18,533 --> 00:18:19,533 [Josh exclaims] 509 00:18:19,533 --> 00:18:20,734 Pretty amazing, isn't it? 510 00:18:20,800 --> 00:18:21,634 It's pretty intimidating. 511 00:18:21,734 --> 00:18:21,857 Welcome to the pyramid 512 00:18:21,857 --> 00:18:23,166 Welcome to the pyramid 513 00:18:23,166 --> 00:18:25,333 and tomb of the King Nastasen. 514 00:18:27,634 --> 00:18:29,266 [Josh] Nastasen was the king of Kush 515 00:18:29,266 --> 00:18:33,333 from roughly 335 B.C. to 310 B.C. 516 00:18:33,367 --> 00:18:34,867 During his reign, he was celebrated 517 00:18:34,867 --> 00:18:38,166 for having repelled another invasion from Egypt. 518 00:18:38,166 --> 00:18:39,367 And when he died, 519 00:18:39,367 --> 00:18:41,433 he became the final Kushite king 520 00:18:41,500 --> 00:18:43,433 to be buried at Nuri. 521 00:18:43,500 --> 00:18:44,433 So, from the first king, 522 00:18:44,500 --> 00:18:45,333 -Taharqa... -Mmm-hmm. 523 00:18:45,367 --> 00:18:46,867 ...to the last, Nastasen. 524 00:18:46,867 --> 00:18:48,000 Yes. 525 00:18:48,000 --> 00:18:49,367 I can't help but notice 526 00:18:49,367 --> 00:18:50,967 some very murky-looking water there. 527 00:18:51,000 --> 00:18:51,857 I'm guessing that wasn't here 2,300 years ago. 528 00:18:51,857 --> 00:18:53,333 I'm guessing that wasn't here 2,300 years ago. 529 00:18:53,367 --> 00:18:54,367 [Pearce Paul] It wasn't. 530 00:18:54,367 --> 00:18:55,634 So, in the Ancient Era, when they built this, 531 00:18:55,634 --> 00:18:56,734 they would have walked down, 532 00:18:56,734 --> 00:18:57,867 their feet would have been dry, 533 00:18:57,867 --> 00:18:59,000 they'd have gone into a door, 534 00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:01,266 and then it would have led to the first chamber. 535 00:19:01,266 --> 00:19:03,867 Had another doorway to a second chamber, 536 00:19:03,867 --> 00:19:05,734 and another doorway to a third chamber. 537 00:19:05,734 --> 00:19:07,867 And the third chamber's where you bury the king. 538 00:19:07,867 --> 00:19:09,900 When Reisner got here to excavate, 539 00:19:09,900 --> 00:19:11,634 what were the conditions of these three chambers? 540 00:19:11,634 --> 00:19:13,100 So, 100 years ago, he showed up, 541 00:19:13,100 --> 00:19:15,433 and there were bricks in front of the front door. 542 00:19:15,500 --> 00:19:16,634 It was in pretty good shape. 543 00:19:16,734 --> 00:19:17,634 And then, he gets in, 544 00:19:17,634 --> 00:19:19,467 excavates the first chamber. 545 00:19:19,467 --> 00:19:21,166 And then sees that the second chamber 546 00:19:21,166 --> 00:19:21,857 is totally and utterly collapsed. 547 00:19:21,857 --> 00:19:22,734 is totally and utterly collapsed. 548 00:19:22,734 --> 00:19:24,100 The second chamber's collapsed? 549 00:19:24,100 --> 00:19:27,467 There were thousands of pounds of bedrock just crushed down. 550 00:19:27,467 --> 00:19:29,867 You can't tell that there is a second chamber in there. 551 00:19:29,867 --> 00:19:32,000 [Josh] Reisner was understandably wary 552 00:19:32,000 --> 00:19:33,900 about trying to clear the rubble. 553 00:19:33,900 --> 00:19:35,867 While excavating in another pyramid 554 00:19:35,867 --> 00:19:36,734 here at Nuri, 555 00:19:36,734 --> 00:19:38,867 a collapse on the outer staircase 556 00:19:38,867 --> 00:19:41,433 took the lives of five of his crew. 557 00:19:41,500 --> 00:19:44,367 So, the fallen ceiling protected Nastasen's tomb, 558 00:19:44,367 --> 00:19:46,333 in a third chamber, from Reisner, 559 00:19:46,367 --> 00:19:48,266 leaving it entirely intact. 560 00:19:48,900 --> 00:19:50,367 This is a big deal. 561 00:19:50,367 --> 00:19:51,857 Because no mummy of a king of Kush 562 00:19:51,857 --> 00:19:52,734 Because no mummy of a king of Kush 563 00:19:52,734 --> 00:19:54,367 has ever been confirmed 564 00:19:54,367 --> 00:19:56,533 to be recovered from his own tomb. 565 00:19:56,600 --> 00:19:59,367 And Nastasen could still be in that pyramid, 566 00:19:59,367 --> 00:20:02,066 along with untold treasures and gold. 567 00:20:03,000 --> 00:20:04,634 In the past century, though, 568 00:20:04,634 --> 00:20:06,100 ground water from the Nile, 569 00:20:06,100 --> 00:20:07,433 only a mile away, 570 00:20:07,500 --> 00:20:08,634 has steadily risen, 571 00:20:08,634 --> 00:20:11,367 And now, all three chambers of the pyramid 572 00:20:11,367 --> 00:20:13,467 are completely flooded. 573 00:20:13,467 --> 00:20:15,533 I see a lot of people back there with hoses. 574 00:20:15,533 --> 00:20:16,734 and equipment. 575 00:20:16,800 --> 00:20:18,867 So, tell me what you've been doing here since then. 576 00:20:18,867 --> 00:20:21,166 Okay, so, we decided to dive in. 577 00:20:22,467 --> 00:20:23,867 -What's wrong with you? -Lots of things. 578 00:20:23,867 --> 00:20:25,634 I'm so afraid to ask this question. 579 00:20:25,734 --> 00:20:27,266 What's the visibility in that water? 580 00:20:27,800 --> 00:20:28,533 Zero. 581 00:20:28,533 --> 00:20:29,634 -Nothing? -Nothing. 582 00:20:29,734 --> 00:20:31,967 The instant you go inside, 583 00:20:32,000 --> 00:20:34,634 you stir up thousands of years of dust and sediment. 584 00:20:34,734 --> 00:20:36,100 You're literally in the dark, 585 00:20:36,100 --> 00:20:37,800 like, blindfolded dark down there. 586 00:20:38,634 --> 00:20:40,867 On the list of reasons why diving the tomb 587 00:20:40,867 --> 00:20:42,066 is a bad idea, 588 00:20:42,100 --> 00:20:44,000 the dark is only the beginning. 589 00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:46,266 There is also the very real possibility 590 00:20:46,266 --> 00:20:49,000 of being trapped underwater in a stone room 591 00:20:49,000 --> 00:20:51,000 that could collapse at any moment. 592 00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:51,857 And if you're thinking it would be safer 593 00:20:51,857 --> 00:20:52,634 And if you're thinking it would be safer 594 00:20:52,634 --> 00:20:54,867 to just pump the water out of the tomb, 595 00:20:54,867 --> 00:20:55,867 think again. 596 00:20:55,867 --> 00:20:57,867 The water in there is the only thing 597 00:20:57,867 --> 00:20:59,634 keeping the walls standing. 598 00:20:59,634 --> 00:21:01,433 But there is one very good reason 599 00:21:01,500 --> 00:21:03,266 for Pearce Paul to risk his life. 600 00:21:03,266 --> 00:21:04,900 What's in the third chamber? 601 00:21:04,900 --> 00:21:07,533 So, theoretically, it should be the king. 602 00:21:07,600 --> 00:21:10,000 In the middle of the room, there is a giant slab. 603 00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:12,634 Like, a pancake-flat piece of rock. 604 00:21:12,634 --> 00:21:13,734 So, it's worked stone. 605 00:21:13,734 --> 00:21:16,867 It is worked stone, there is no question of it. 606 00:21:16,867 --> 00:21:19,734 [Josh] A slab like this could be one of two things. 607 00:21:19,734 --> 00:21:21,467 Either a burial platform 608 00:21:21,467 --> 00:21:21,857 for Nastasen's body to be laid out upon, 609 00:21:21,857 --> 00:21:24,100 for Nastasen's body to be laid out upon, 610 00:21:24,100 --> 00:21:26,166 or the lid of a sarcophagus, 611 00:21:26,166 --> 00:21:28,533 inside of which he would be sealed. 612 00:21:28,600 --> 00:21:29,734 But here's the rub. 613 00:21:29,734 --> 00:21:31,000 In this time period, 614 00:21:31,000 --> 00:21:32,900 kings were known to have been entombed 615 00:21:32,900 --> 00:21:34,333 using both methods. 616 00:21:35,367 --> 00:21:37,000 So, our first order of business 617 00:21:37,000 --> 00:21:39,867 is to try to learn the purpose of the slab. 618 00:21:39,867 --> 00:21:42,100 And, if it turns out to be a coffin lid, 619 00:21:42,100 --> 00:21:44,867 we have a chance at finding Nastasen himself. 620 00:21:45,467 --> 00:21:46,867 What would it mean 621 00:21:46,867 --> 00:21:49,467 to find any piece of this guy? 622 00:21:49,467 --> 00:21:51,266 Intellectually, this would be really powerful. 623 00:21:51,266 --> 00:21:51,857 One of the big issues we run into 624 00:21:51,857 --> 00:21:52,967 One of the big issues we run into 625 00:21:53,000 --> 00:21:55,367 is that there are very few of these kings 626 00:21:55,367 --> 00:21:57,000 who are known from anywhere else 627 00:21:57,000 --> 00:21:58,100 outside of this region. 628 00:21:58,100 --> 00:21:58,967 Right. 629 00:21:59,000 --> 00:22:00,367 Nastasen is. 630 00:22:00,367 --> 00:22:02,266 He's referenced in a couple of other places. 631 00:22:02,266 --> 00:22:04,634 For us, he is an historical anchor. 632 00:22:04,734 --> 00:22:06,433 If we can start with him, 633 00:22:06,500 --> 00:22:08,900 and start getting pieces of him, 634 00:22:08,900 --> 00:22:11,333 for example, to do DNA studies, 635 00:22:11,367 --> 00:22:14,100 we can start to rebuild some of these major pieces 636 00:22:14,100 --> 00:22:15,166 from the history here. 637 00:22:15,166 --> 00:22:16,533 Okay. 638 00:22:16,533 --> 00:22:18,000 Well, I wish you the best of luck. 639 00:22:18,000 --> 00:22:18,967 You interested? 640 00:22:19,634 --> 00:22:20,433 Huh. 641 00:22:20,500 --> 00:22:21,266 This is no joke. 642 00:22:21,367 --> 00:22:21,857 I mean, if you don't have hesitations, 643 00:22:21,857 --> 00:22:23,100 I mean, if you don't have hesitations, 644 00:22:23,100 --> 00:22:24,333 you can't come. 645 00:22:24,367 --> 00:22:25,266 Look, believe me, 646 00:22:25,266 --> 00:22:26,634 I would love to see what's in there. 647 00:22:26,634 --> 00:22:27,634 You think that's possible? 648 00:22:27,734 --> 00:22:28,433 I think it's possible. 649 00:22:28,500 --> 00:22:29,867 -You bring a suit? -Always. 650 00:22:29,867 --> 00:22:31,634 I have a weird job, you never know. 651 00:22:31,634 --> 00:22:32,533 Come meet the team. 652 00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:34,066 Let's do it. 653 00:22:36,266 --> 00:22:37,734 [Josh] One does not simply dive 654 00:22:37,800 --> 00:22:40,166 into the sunken pyramid of Nastasen. 655 00:22:40,233 --> 00:22:41,867 To learn how I'm going to survive 656 00:22:41,900 --> 00:22:44,100 one of the most lethal environments on Earth, 657 00:22:44,100 --> 00:22:45,634 Pearce Paul brings me to meet 658 00:22:45,734 --> 00:22:47,333 his ace technical team. 659 00:22:47,367 --> 00:22:50,266 Justin Schneider, Fred Fidler, and David Dunn. 660 00:22:50,333 --> 00:22:51,533 -What's going on, guys? -Hey, there. 661 00:22:51,533 --> 00:22:51,857 I see a lot of hoses, but no scuba tanks. 662 00:22:51,857 --> 00:22:54,734 I see a lot of hoses, but no scuba tanks. 663 00:22:54,800 --> 00:22:56,467 We don't like tanks inside the tomb. 664 00:22:56,467 --> 00:22:58,634 If you bang that big steel or aluminum tank 665 00:22:58,634 --> 00:22:59,634 against the walls, 666 00:22:59,734 --> 00:23:00,634 those walls are fragile, 667 00:23:00,634 --> 00:23:01,900 and it could possibly cause a collapse. 668 00:23:01,900 --> 00:23:04,266 So, we like to use the hookah system. 669 00:23:04,333 --> 00:23:05,867 Right, so, hookah system, we're talking, like, 670 00:23:05,867 --> 00:23:07,533 -surface-supplied air. -Correct. 671 00:23:07,533 --> 00:23:09,467 And that air's being pushed down how? 672 00:23:09,467 --> 00:23:11,100 [Fred] On the power generator over here, 673 00:23:11,100 --> 00:23:12,533 that's enough to supply air 674 00:23:12,533 --> 00:23:14,166 for all four of us at a time. 675 00:23:14,166 --> 00:23:15,867 Okay, so, if this goes down, 676 00:23:15,867 --> 00:23:16,900 what's the contingency? 677 00:23:16,900 --> 00:23:17,867 What's the back-up? 678 00:23:17,867 --> 00:23:19,367 We have a compressed air canister 679 00:23:19,367 --> 00:23:21,367 that's basically a mini scuba tank 680 00:23:21,367 --> 00:23:21,857 with a built-on regulator on the top 681 00:23:21,857 --> 00:23:22,967 with a built-on regulator on the top 682 00:23:23,000 --> 00:23:24,166 that you can breathe from. 683 00:23:24,166 --> 00:23:25,433 Got it. Whew. 684 00:23:25,500 --> 00:23:27,367 -You ready? -No, but... 685 00:23:27,367 --> 00:23:28,533 -Are you gonna do it anyway? -Yeah. 686 00:23:28,533 --> 00:23:29,433 Then, let's get to it. 687 00:23:29,500 --> 00:23:30,800 Let's get to it, come on. 688 00:23:33,000 --> 00:23:34,333 Now that I know how 689 00:23:34,367 --> 00:23:35,900 we're going to pull of the dive, 690 00:23:35,900 --> 00:23:37,066 I gear up, 691 00:23:37,100 --> 00:23:38,100 and have to convince myself 692 00:23:38,100 --> 00:23:39,734 to actually do it. 693 00:23:43,800 --> 00:23:44,900 [producer] How you feeling? 694 00:23:44,900 --> 00:23:45,867 Huh. 695 00:23:45,867 --> 00:23:48,467 Uh, I am stressed, dude. 696 00:23:48,467 --> 00:23:49,634 I mean, this is... 697 00:23:51,000 --> 00:23:51,857 this is, like, the most dangerous diving 698 00:23:51,857 --> 00:23:53,000 this is, like, the most dangerous diving 699 00:23:53,000 --> 00:23:54,867 that you could do, I think. 700 00:23:54,867 --> 00:23:57,100 I mean, it's all the dangers of cave diving 701 00:23:57,100 --> 00:23:58,867 with all the dangers 702 00:23:58,867 --> 00:24:02,533 of going into an unstable, crumbling ruin. 703 00:24:02,533 --> 00:24:04,166 With no visibility. In the dark. 704 00:24:04,867 --> 00:24:06,166 I don't have a scuba tank. 705 00:24:06,233 --> 00:24:08,166 All the air's coming from the surface. 706 00:24:08,233 --> 00:24:11,000 All those lines can get tangled and caught, so... 707 00:24:11,000 --> 00:24:12,066 I'm nervous. 708 00:24:12,634 --> 00:24:13,867 That's not true. I'm scared. 709 00:24:14,266 --> 00:24:15,867 That's more accurate. 710 00:24:20,367 --> 00:24:21,857 If I was gonna think of an excuse 711 00:24:21,857 --> 00:24:21,967 If I was gonna think of an excuse 712 00:24:22,000 --> 00:24:23,266 to get out of this gig, 713 00:24:23,266 --> 00:24:24,967 that time has passed. 714 00:24:25,000 --> 00:24:26,433 [Josh] This is it. 715 00:24:26,433 --> 00:24:30,367 We're about to dive into a flooded pyramid tomb with one mission, 716 00:24:30,367 --> 00:24:32,800 to meet the Kush king Nastasen. 717 00:24:43,533 --> 00:24:45,000 Okay, this just got real. 718 00:24:45,000 --> 00:24:48,166 -So, take your last good look at daylight for a while. -[Josh] Yeah. 719 00:24:49,367 --> 00:24:50,967 [Josh] In the deserts of Sudan, 720 00:24:50,967 --> 00:24:55,166 I'm about to dive into a sunken, partially collapsed pyramid tomb 721 00:24:55,166 --> 00:24:57,367 from the ancient Kushite kingdom. 722 00:24:57,433 --> 00:25:01,533 We're going in today to examine the burial slab of the king Nastasen 723 00:25:01,600 --> 00:25:03,467 and determine if it's a solid platform 724 00:25:03,467 --> 00:25:05,774 or the lid of a royal sarcophagus. 725 00:25:05,774 --> 00:25:06,467 or the lid of a royal sarcophagus. 726 00:25:06,467 --> 00:25:08,467 I'm trying to steady my nerves 727 00:25:08,467 --> 00:25:12,333 as I prepare for the single most dangerous dive of my career. 728 00:25:14,100 --> 00:25:15,734 Okay, tell me how this is gonna work. 729 00:25:15,800 --> 00:25:18,734 I'm assuming at the end of this passage here there's some sort of entrance. 730 00:25:18,800 --> 00:25:20,867 So, you get all the way down here, 731 00:25:20,867 --> 00:25:23,166 get down the wall, drop down on to your knees, 732 00:25:23,166 --> 00:25:24,734 and you get down onto your arms 733 00:25:24,800 --> 00:25:25,867 because you're gonna have to army crawl 734 00:25:25,900 --> 00:25:27,533 -through the chute. -The chute. 735 00:25:29,100 --> 00:25:30,100 [Josh] To enter the tomb, 736 00:25:30,100 --> 00:25:31,367 we must descend down 737 00:25:31,433 --> 00:25:33,634 the now crumbling and flooded staircase, 738 00:25:33,700 --> 00:25:35,774 and then pass through the chute, 739 00:25:35,774 --> 00:25:36,066 and then pass through the chute, 740 00:25:36,100 --> 00:25:38,533 a 2ft by 3ft metal sleeve 741 00:25:38,600 --> 00:25:42,166 designed to keep the front door from collapsing while we're inside. 742 00:25:43,000 --> 00:25:45,467 Then, it's into the first chamber of the tomb, 743 00:25:45,467 --> 00:25:48,533 a larger offering room that's easy to get lost in. 744 00:25:48,533 --> 00:25:51,467 To prevent that, the team has placed a guide wire 745 00:25:51,467 --> 00:25:53,867 to be our lifeline to the second chamber 746 00:25:53,867 --> 00:25:56,734 which has completely collapsed. 747 00:25:56,800 --> 00:26:00,266 Once at the threshold, one needs to let go of the guideline 748 00:26:00,266 --> 00:26:04,367 and swim forward to find a cinderblock placed by the team, 749 00:26:04,367 --> 00:26:05,774 which leads up to a barely breathable air pocket 750 00:26:05,774 --> 00:26:07,266 which leads up to a barely breathable air pocket 751 00:26:07,266 --> 00:26:08,734 in which to regroup. 752 00:26:08,734 --> 00:26:10,967 Back at the bottom of the second chamber, 753 00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:13,000 another section of guideline leads over 754 00:26:13,000 --> 00:26:17,967 to the submerged door to chamber three, the tomb of Nastasen. 755 00:26:17,967 --> 00:26:20,634 In the center is an immense slab of stone 756 00:26:20,700 --> 00:26:23,266 that is either Nastasen's burial platform 757 00:26:23,266 --> 00:26:25,734 or the lid of his sarcophagus. 758 00:26:25,800 --> 00:26:30,066 Three room that have had as many visitors as the surface of the moon, 759 00:26:30,100 --> 00:26:33,967 and each has the potential to be a deathtrap. 760 00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:35,774 Any uh, any words of wisdom for a first timer here? 761 00:26:35,774 --> 00:26:36,533 Any uh, any words of wisdom for a first timer here? 762 00:26:36,533 --> 00:26:40,066 -Don't let go of the line and don't freak out. -Yep, don't panic. 763 00:26:40,700 --> 00:26:41,634 Let's go dive a tomb. 764 00:26:47,867 --> 00:26:50,166 [divers breathing] 765 00:26:50,233 --> 00:26:52,166 So, Pearce, you're going in first. 766 00:26:52,166 --> 00:26:53,066 [Pearce] I'm going. 767 00:26:54,100 --> 00:26:55,333 On the way. 768 00:26:58,166 --> 00:26:59,166 Okay. 769 00:27:02,367 --> 00:27:04,066 [Josh] So, as soon as I get in here, 770 00:27:04,100 --> 00:27:05,774 my first observation is the visibility is just gone. 771 00:27:05,774 --> 00:27:07,467 my first observation is the visibility is just gone. 772 00:27:07,467 --> 00:27:10,000 I can see a shade of light but that's about it. 773 00:27:10,000 --> 00:27:11,634 [Pearce] Yeah, you can probably see your fingers 774 00:27:11,634 --> 00:27:13,867 once they get about six inches from your mask... 775 00:27:13,867 --> 00:27:16,066 -...but not much more than that. -[Josh] Yeah. 776 00:27:17,467 --> 00:27:20,734 Dive team, this is topside. Out, copy. 777 00:27:20,734 --> 00:27:23,634 [Josh] This is Josh. I read you loud and clear, topside. 778 00:27:24,100 --> 00:27:26,266 Pearce, out, copy. 779 00:27:26,333 --> 00:27:27,900 [Pearce] I'm fine, I hear you. 780 00:27:28,467 --> 00:27:29,900 Outstanding. All comms good. 781 00:27:30,533 --> 00:27:31,900 [Josh] Okay, we're headed in. 782 00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:35,774 [Josh] I'm inches beneath the surface, 783 00:27:35,774 --> 00:27:37,066 [Josh] I'm inches beneath the surface, 784 00:27:37,100 --> 00:27:38,734 but already the silt in the water 785 00:27:38,800 --> 00:27:40,967 has rendered direction meaningless. 786 00:27:40,967 --> 00:27:43,867 My only guide is Pearce Paul's voice. 787 00:27:43,900 --> 00:27:46,166 [Pearce] All right, I'm entering the chute. 788 00:27:46,233 --> 00:27:47,533 [Josh] I am working to the chute. 789 00:27:47,533 --> 00:27:49,166 -[Josh] Stand by. -[Pearce] All right. 790 00:27:53,166 --> 00:27:55,533 [Josh] Ah, I'm in the chute now. 791 00:27:55,600 --> 00:28:00,166 It is tight. I can feel the sides and the ceiling above me. 792 00:28:00,166 --> 00:28:03,467 I'm just slowly pulling myself through. 793 00:28:03,467 --> 00:28:05,774 [Josh] I edge my way forward. I couldn't change my mind now if I wanted to. 794 00:28:05,774 --> 00:28:07,433 [Josh] I edge my way forward. I couldn't change my mind now if I wanted to. 795 00:28:07,500 --> 00:28:10,166 It's too narrow in here to turn around. 796 00:28:10,166 --> 00:28:12,734 [Josh] Wow, this is intense. 797 00:28:12,734 --> 00:28:16,166 Uh, okay, here we go. Calm breath. 798 00:28:16,233 --> 00:28:19,367 [Josh] A few more feet and I feel the tube open up. 799 00:28:19,367 --> 00:28:22,467 [Josh] I'm in the interior opening of chamber one. 800 00:28:22,467 --> 00:28:24,266 -[Pearce] Yeah. -[Josh] I can feel sand in front of me 801 00:28:24,266 --> 00:28:25,367 at the end of the chute. 802 00:28:25,433 --> 00:28:26,600 [Josh] As an experiment, 803 00:28:26,600 --> 00:28:29,367 I decide to turn off the light on the side of my helmet. 804 00:28:30,967 --> 00:28:33,800 [Josh] Oh, [bleep] it is pitch black. 805 00:28:34,634 --> 00:28:35,774 [Josh] At this point, I kick my light back on 806 00:28:35,774 --> 00:28:37,000 [Josh] At this point, I kick my light back on 807 00:28:38,533 --> 00:28:40,367 but I also close my eyes, 808 00:28:40,433 --> 00:28:44,100 relying on my fingers to explore the open water in front of me 809 00:28:44,100 --> 00:28:46,367 which is its own form of terrifying. 810 00:28:47,467 --> 00:28:49,734 [Pearce] Find the nylon cable. 811 00:28:49,734 --> 00:28:52,433 [Josh] I'm sweeping up to find the cave line. 812 00:28:53,467 --> 00:28:55,967 Hold on. Trying to find it. 813 00:28:55,967 --> 00:28:58,433 [Josh] Miss this line while entering chamber one, 814 00:28:58,500 --> 00:29:00,634 and your chance of finding chamber two, 815 00:29:00,634 --> 00:29:03,166 or your way back out, are not great. 816 00:29:07,100 --> 00:29:09,000 [Josh] I have it in my hand. 817 00:29:09,000 --> 00:29:10,867 I feel it, I feel the cave guide, yeah. 818 00:29:10,867 --> 00:29:12,533 [Pearce] All right, head on in. 819 00:29:13,467 --> 00:29:18,967 This chamber is about 15, 20ft long. 820 00:29:18,967 --> 00:29:22,166 [Josh] I can reach my arms out on either side of the line, 821 00:29:22,166 --> 00:29:26,100 but I'm not feeling anything and nothing above. 822 00:29:26,100 --> 00:29:30,967 It's just a big void. It's like I'm floating in space. 823 00:29:30,967 --> 00:29:34,533 [Josh] This large chamber was once used to house offerings, 824 00:29:34,600 --> 00:29:35,774 and I'm trying desperately to avoid becoming one of them. 825 00:29:35,774 --> 00:29:37,734 and I'm trying desperately to avoid becoming one of them. 826 00:29:39,100 --> 00:29:40,867 [Josh] This room just goes and goes. 827 00:29:40,867 --> 00:29:43,000 [Pearce] How you doing? You still on the line? 828 00:29:43,000 --> 00:29:45,967 [Josh] Still on the line, but believe me, I'm not letting go of it, 829 00:29:45,967 --> 00:29:48,367 and I'm making my way through. 830 00:29:48,433 --> 00:29:50,266 [Pearce] Make sure to give yourself a little slack... 831 00:29:50,266 --> 00:29:52,533 -pull your air hose in. -[Josh] Yep. 832 00:29:53,266 --> 00:29:55,100 [Josh] Ah, yes, my air supply. 833 00:29:55,100 --> 00:29:56,634 If the hose gets pulled too tight 834 00:29:56,634 --> 00:29:58,800 it can get yanked from my mask. 835 00:30:00,734 --> 00:30:02,000 [Josh] So, topside, 836 00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:04,266 I can feel a little bit of tension on my air supply here. 837 00:30:04,266 --> 00:30:05,533 I'll need a little slack. 838 00:30:05,533 --> 00:30:05,774 [David on radio] Wait a minute, 839 00:30:05,774 --> 00:30:06,467 [David on radio] Wait a minute, 840 00:30:06,467 --> 00:30:07,734 we'll try to get you some more slack. 841 00:30:08,266 --> 00:30:09,266 [Josh] Thank you, sir. 842 00:30:17,166 --> 00:30:18,867 [Josh] Okay, so this is chamber two 843 00:30:18,867 --> 00:30:20,734 -I think I'm passing into. -[Pearce] Yep. 844 00:30:22,100 --> 00:30:24,734 [Josh] I cross the threshold into the second chamber. 845 00:30:26,266 --> 00:30:28,000 [Josh] My hand just reached sand here. 846 00:30:28,000 --> 00:30:30,266 The guideline is going into the sand it feels like. 847 00:30:30,266 --> 00:30:33,100 [Pearce] Yep, so go another body length in. 848 00:30:33,100 --> 00:30:35,774 You'll feel the majorly different temperature to the water. 849 00:30:35,774 --> 00:30:36,166 You'll feel the majorly different temperature to the water. 850 00:30:36,867 --> 00:30:37,734 [Josh] Got it. 851 00:30:38,467 --> 00:30:40,166 [Josh] Now, the leap of faith. 852 00:30:40,166 --> 00:30:44,467 I release the cable and push forward to touch a block in the sand 853 00:30:44,467 --> 00:30:47,634 that will mark the entrance to the air pocket above. 854 00:30:47,634 --> 00:30:49,467 [Josh] Reaching forward. 855 00:30:49,467 --> 00:30:53,967 I'm not feeling anything yet. It's just sand and silt. 856 00:30:54,700 --> 00:30:56,900 There, wait, there's something. I got it. 857 00:30:59,166 --> 00:31:01,967 Okay, I'm feeling the cinderblock underneath me here. 858 00:31:01,967 --> 00:31:04,166 -[Pearce] Once you hit that cinderblock... -[Josh] Yeah. 859 00:31:04,166 --> 00:31:05,634 ...you'll find a little hill. 860 00:31:07,367 --> 00:31:11,166 That hill is the collapse of the second chamber. 861 00:31:11,166 --> 00:31:15,166 -[Josh] And I'm gonna make my way uphill -[Pearce] Yep. 862 00:31:15,233 --> 00:31:16,867 -into the air pocket. -[Pearce] Excellent... 863 00:31:16,900 --> 00:31:19,734 -...and I'll meet you in our cathedral here. -[Josh] Okay. 864 00:31:22,634 --> 00:31:23,967 [Josh] Coming up. 865 00:31:24,000 --> 00:31:25,867 -[Pearce] All right. -[Josh] Now surfacing. 866 00:31:25,867 --> 00:31:26,900 [Pearce chuckles] 867 00:31:29,367 --> 00:31:31,533 -[Josh] Oh, my word. -[chuckles] 868 00:31:33,100 --> 00:31:34,533 Look at this place. 869 00:31:41,367 --> 00:31:44,066 -[Josh chuckling] Oh, my word. -[Pearce chuckles] 870 00:31:44,100 --> 00:31:46,367 [Josh] Look at this place. Are you kidding me? 871 00:31:46,367 --> 00:31:47,734 [Pearce] It's pretty intense, right? 872 00:31:47,734 --> 00:31:52,533 Welcome to the collapsed second chamber of Nastasen's tomb. 873 00:31:52,533 --> 00:31:56,266 [Josh] Inside the flooded pyramid tomb of the Kush king Nastasen 874 00:31:56,333 --> 00:31:58,066 is a precious pocket of air, 875 00:31:58,100 --> 00:32:01,367 which archaeologist Pearce Paul Creasman and I are visiting, 876 00:32:01,367 --> 00:32:04,467 on our way to excavate Nastasen's burial chamber. 877 00:32:07,000 --> 00:32:09,266 -Is the air breathable in here? -Yes. 878 00:32:09,266 --> 00:32:11,634 Okay. Just taking this mask off. 879 00:32:12,867 --> 00:32:13,734 [gasps] 880 00:32:14,166 --> 00:32:16,266 Oh, my word. 881 00:32:16,266 --> 00:32:20,467 This is absolutely unbelievable. This is insane. 882 00:32:20,533 --> 00:32:22,967 First of all, this room shouldn't be here, right? 883 00:32:22,967 --> 00:32:24,734 [Pearce] This is not a room, this is an accident. 884 00:32:24,800 --> 00:32:27,166 We are standing in an air pocket that should not exist. 885 00:32:27,233 --> 00:32:29,266 -So I'm standing on... -Rubble. 886 00:32:29,266 --> 00:32:30,467 -Rubble. -Yes. 887 00:32:30,467 --> 00:32:33,367 -And directly above us? -Pyramid. 888 00:32:33,367 --> 00:32:34,600 -[Josh] We're under it? -Yes. 889 00:32:34,600 --> 00:32:35,560 Okay. Now, it doesn't look overly brittle. 890 00:32:35,560 --> 00:32:38,734 Okay. Now, it doesn't look overly brittle. 891 00:32:38,800 --> 00:32:40,467 [Pearce] Um, looks can be deceiving. 892 00:32:43,367 --> 00:32:45,900 -Okay, it's totally brittle. -[laughs] 893 00:32:46,000 --> 00:32:46,967 -[bleep] -[chuckles] 894 00:32:47,066 --> 00:32:49,867 Now, it's this third chamber where this slab is. 895 00:32:49,900 --> 00:32:52,467 -That's where from here? -Yeah, so third chamber's that way. 896 00:32:52,533 --> 00:32:55,000 So, we have to answer one big question first. 897 00:32:55,000 --> 00:32:58,500 Is this slab actually sitting on top of some space? 898 00:32:58,500 --> 00:33:03,000 Is this a lid, or is it just a big block in the middle of a room? 899 00:33:03,000 --> 00:33:05,560 -So, it could be either. -If it is hollow 900 00:33:05,560 --> 00:33:06,000 -So, it could be either. -If it is hollow 901 00:33:06,000 --> 00:33:09,600 then there's a chance that some part of him might still be here. 902 00:33:09,600 --> 00:33:11,967 Well, anything in there that can tell us who he was, 903 00:33:11,967 --> 00:33:14,166 about the world he lived in, his family, 904 00:33:14,233 --> 00:33:16,467 that's, I mean, that's adding that knowledge that we need. 905 00:33:16,467 --> 00:33:18,634 -Shall we go deeper? -I think we should. 906 00:33:18,734 --> 00:33:19,634 -Let's do it. -Are you ready? 907 00:33:19,734 --> 00:33:21,266 -I'm ready. I... -Are you sure? 908 00:33:21,266 --> 00:33:24,367 -No, but I've come this far and I'm gonna keep going. -[chuckles] All right. 909 00:33:24,367 --> 00:33:27,367 [Josh] The tomb of Nastasen awaits. 910 00:33:27,367 --> 00:33:30,533 Now, it's time to inspect the stone structure in the chamber 911 00:33:30,634 --> 00:33:32,900 and see if he's still here. 912 00:33:33,000 --> 00:33:34,367 [Josh on radio] All right, topside, we're heading down 913 00:33:34,367 --> 00:33:35,560 and we are going into chamber three. 914 00:33:35,560 --> 00:33:36,734 and we are going into chamber three. 915 00:33:37,500 --> 00:33:39,500 Roger, y'all are heading into chamber three. 916 00:33:39,500 --> 00:33:41,533 -You ready? -Pearce Paul, I'm right behind you. 917 00:33:47,166 --> 00:33:49,100 [Josh] I plunge back into darkness 918 00:33:49,100 --> 00:33:53,166 and find the guideline to follow Pearce Paul down another 6ft. 919 00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:57,634 [Josh] Okay, I'm making my way toward chamber three. 920 00:33:58,266 --> 00:33:59,734 [Pearce] When the cable runs out 921 00:33:59,800 --> 00:34:02,367 fix your hands to the left and the right, 922 00:34:02,367 --> 00:34:04,367 and you can touch the edges of the doorway. 923 00:34:04,367 --> 00:34:05,560 Just touch them delicately. 924 00:34:05,560 --> 00:34:06,100 Just touch them delicately. 925 00:34:07,367 --> 00:34:08,367 [Josh] Why's that? 926 00:34:08,367 --> 00:34:09,734 [Pearce] The walls in this tomb 927 00:34:09,800 --> 00:34:13,166 are not firm and as secure as one would hope. 928 00:34:13,166 --> 00:34:16,166 [Josh] Got it. Careful what you grab onto down here. 929 00:34:19,000 --> 00:34:22,467 -I've reached the end of the line. -[Pearce] All right... 930 00:34:22,533 --> 00:34:24,867 [Pearce] ...so come towards the light. 931 00:34:24,867 --> 00:34:27,634 -[Josh] Maybe use a different expression. -[Pearce laughs] 932 00:34:27,634 --> 00:34:29,367 [Josh] Okay, I'm coming towards you. 933 00:34:33,967 --> 00:34:35,560 [Josh] In moments, I'm laying inside the doorway to the tomb of King Nastasen. 934 00:34:35,560 --> 00:34:38,533 [Josh] In moments, I'm laying inside the doorway to the tomb of King Nastasen. 935 00:34:42,967 --> 00:34:45,367 [Josh] I think I can see the slab. 936 00:34:47,467 --> 00:34:51,100 [Josh] But this view of it will be our last. 937 00:34:51,100 --> 00:34:54,233 [Josh] Ah, that silt just kicks up as soon as we come in. 938 00:34:55,967 --> 00:35:00,367 God, I can't see anything now. Can't see my hand in front of my face. 939 00:35:03,000 --> 00:35:05,560 [Pearce] What I want you to do is I want you to come around this corner where I am. 940 00:35:05,560 --> 00:35:07,166 [Pearce] What I want you to do is I want you to come around this corner where I am. 941 00:35:07,166 --> 00:35:09,367 -[Josh] Over to the clockwise around it, yeah? -[Pearce] Yeah... 942 00:35:09,433 --> 00:35:11,467 -...clockwise around it. -[Josh] Okay. 943 00:35:11,467 --> 00:35:13,467 [Pearce] Let me get your left hand and put it down here 944 00:35:13,467 --> 00:35:16,433 on the bottom left corner of this slab. 945 00:35:16,867 --> 00:35:18,100 [Josh] Oh, my gosh. 946 00:35:19,100 --> 00:35:21,333 It just feels smooth as can be. 947 00:35:23,166 --> 00:35:25,533 [Josh] But as we run our hands over the slab, 948 00:35:25,533 --> 00:35:28,367 Pearce Paul notices something has changed 949 00:35:28,367 --> 00:35:31,166 since his last visit to the tomb. 950 00:35:31,233 --> 00:35:33,900 [Pearce] Hold on a second. Give me your hand and feel this. 951 00:35:35,100 --> 00:35:35,560 [Josh] Is this a crack? 952 00:35:35,560 --> 00:35:36,533 [Josh] Is this a crack? 953 00:35:37,867 --> 00:35:39,166 [Pearce] I just don't understand. 954 00:35:39,867 --> 00:35:40,900 [Josh] It's not just a crack. 955 00:35:41,000 --> 00:35:43,734 It feels like the corner itself isn't here. 956 00:35:45,500 --> 00:35:47,467 So is it a part of this cave-in 957 00:35:47,467 --> 00:35:49,467 -that cracked the top of this slab? -[Pearce] That's... 958 00:35:49,533 --> 00:35:50,900 [Pearce] That's really what it feels like. 959 00:35:51,000 --> 00:35:52,967 [Josh] This is disconcerting. 960 00:35:52,967 --> 00:35:57,533 Sometime recently, a piece of the ceiling likely collapsed onto the slab 961 00:35:57,634 --> 00:36:01,266 with enough force to crack a large section of it off. 962 00:36:01,266 --> 00:36:05,560 On the other hand, we now have an unforeseen opportunity. 963 00:36:05,560 --> 00:36:05,634 On the other hand, we now have an unforeseen opportunity. 964 00:36:05,634 --> 00:36:07,634 [Josh] Is it possible for you to get your hands 965 00:36:07,634 --> 00:36:10,900 -under that slab in that cracked area? -[Pearce] Let me try. 966 00:36:12,166 --> 00:36:13,266 [Pearce] Josh, give me your hand. 967 00:36:13,266 --> 00:36:15,066 Put your hand under here and feel this. 968 00:36:15,367 --> 00:36:16,600 [Josh] Hold on. 969 00:36:16,600 --> 00:36:18,100 -Okay, I'm at the corner of the crack. -[Pearce] Yeah. 970 00:36:18,100 --> 00:36:21,967 [Josh] Oh, my, this goes down. You can go inside of it. 971 00:36:21,967 --> 00:36:27,166 This is 100% hollow. This is not just a platform on the floor. 972 00:36:27,166 --> 00:36:29,333 There is open space under this. 973 00:36:30,800 --> 00:36:32,066 [Josh] Stop the presses. 974 00:36:32,066 --> 00:36:35,166 This slab is not a burial platform at all. 975 00:36:35,166 --> 00:36:35,560 It is the lid of a sarcophagus that has remained unopened for thousands of years, 976 00:36:35,560 --> 00:36:40,367 It is the lid of a sarcophagus that has remained unopened for thousands of years, 977 00:36:40,367 --> 00:36:41,433 until now. 978 00:36:42,000 --> 00:36:43,166 The downside? 979 00:36:43,233 --> 00:36:44,467 Well, at any moment, 980 00:36:44,467 --> 00:36:47,634 this entire tomb is in danger of collapse. 981 00:36:51,500 --> 00:36:54,867 We decide to resurface in the air pocket of chamber two 982 00:36:54,900 --> 00:36:56,467 to plan our next steps. 983 00:36:56,533 --> 00:36:59,100 So, that thing's definitely hollow in there. 984 00:36:59,100 --> 00:37:03,500 This is huge. We now know that the slab is the top of a container of some kind. 985 00:37:03,500 --> 00:37:05,560 Yes, you can get your arm in there a ways so it's definitely materials. 986 00:37:05,560 --> 00:37:07,367 Yes, you can get your arm in there a ways so it's definitely materials. 987 00:37:07,433 --> 00:37:08,900 So, what's the move now? 988 00:37:09,000 --> 00:37:11,900 So now, we need to actually get some of it out of here. 989 00:37:12,000 --> 00:37:14,734 [Josh] Having reached into what appears to be a sarcophagus, 990 00:37:14,800 --> 00:37:16,967 Pearce Paul doesn't want to waste any time. 991 00:37:16,967 --> 00:37:21,600 Excited at the possibilities, he intends to begin excavating immediately. 992 00:37:21,600 --> 00:37:24,634 Fred just went in the water and he's got an empty bucket in hand. 993 00:37:26,367 --> 00:37:29,066 [Josh] The topside team sends down plastic buckets 994 00:37:29,066 --> 00:37:34,066 which Pearce Paul will fill by hand with silt from inside the sarcophagus. 995 00:37:34,100 --> 00:37:35,560 -So, I'm gonna fill a bucket. -And how are those buckets 996 00:37:35,560 --> 00:37:36,867 -So, I'm gonna fill a bucket. -And how are those buckets 997 00:37:36,867 --> 00:37:38,634 getting from here out to daylight? 998 00:37:38,734 --> 00:37:40,967 -This is why we need you in the tomb. -[chuckles] 999 00:37:40,967 --> 00:37:44,166 -We're doing a daisy chain? -We're doing a daisy chain. 1000 00:37:44,233 --> 00:37:46,867 [Josh] We're running an old fashioned bucket brigade. 1001 00:37:46,900 --> 00:37:48,367 You know, just like when you were a kid 1002 00:37:48,433 --> 00:37:50,734 in your sunken pyramid back home. 1003 00:37:50,734 --> 00:37:54,000 [Pearce] Well, now I'm in the third chamber. 1004 00:37:54,000 --> 00:37:57,800 [Josh] Okay, I'm on the line. I am in the doorway. 1005 00:37:59,700 --> 00:38:03,066 [Josh] Pearce Paul fills a bucket with silt from the third chamber, 1006 00:38:03,100 --> 00:38:05,560 then passes it to me at the threshold of the second chamber. 1007 00:38:05,560 --> 00:38:06,734 then passes it to me at the threshold of the second chamber. 1008 00:38:06,734 --> 00:38:08,266 [Josh] I'm holding on to the bucket. 1009 00:38:08,333 --> 00:38:11,166 -[Pearce] Take it away. -[Josh] Oh, this is heavy. 1010 00:38:11,233 --> 00:38:14,634 [Josh] I ferry it across chamber two to team member Justin, 1011 00:38:14,734 --> 00:38:18,000 who carries it to Fred at the entrance to the first chamber. 1012 00:38:18,000 --> 00:38:20,533 Then Fred brings the bucket out through the chute... 1013 00:38:24,700 --> 00:38:28,266 ...where it's handed off and rushed to a sifting tent nearby. 1014 00:38:29,367 --> 00:38:33,000 There, a team of researchers runs the silt through a screen 1015 00:38:33,000 --> 00:38:35,560 to see what archaeological treasures might be inside. 1016 00:38:35,560 --> 00:38:36,734 to see what archaeological treasures might be inside. 1017 00:38:36,734 --> 00:38:39,166 -[Pearce] So, there's another bucket. -[Josh] I have it. 1018 00:38:39,233 --> 00:38:40,500 -[Pearce] Take away. -[Josh] Okay. 1019 00:38:40,500 --> 00:38:44,266 [Josh] And then, we do it all over again for hours, 1020 00:38:44,266 --> 00:38:46,000 intense work in the dark 1021 00:38:46,000 --> 00:38:48,533 with no idea if we're finding anything. 1022 00:38:48,533 --> 00:38:51,467 Well, actually, that's not quite true. 1023 00:38:51,467 --> 00:38:54,166 -[Pearce] Ohh. -[Josh] Find something? 1024 00:38:54,734 --> 00:38:55,867 [Pearce] Give me your hand. 1025 00:38:57,600 --> 00:38:59,867 [Josh] I'm holding... is that pottery? 1026 00:38:59,867 --> 00:39:01,700 [Pearce] That is most of a pot. 1027 00:39:01,700 --> 00:39:05,560 [Josh] Wow, a 2,500-year-old piece of pottery. That's amazing. 1028 00:39:05,560 --> 00:39:06,266 [Josh] Wow, a 2,500-year-old piece of pottery. That's amazing. 1029 00:39:06,266 --> 00:39:08,734 -[Pearce] So, I'm gonna put this in the bucket. -[Josh] Okay. 1030 00:39:11,166 --> 00:39:13,333 [Josh] All right, making my way back to him now. 1031 00:39:14,000 --> 00:39:15,867 Okay, been handed off. 1032 00:39:18,000 --> 00:39:19,266 Special bucket. 1033 00:39:19,333 --> 00:39:21,467 [Josh] The bucket with the pottery heads to the tent, 1034 00:39:21,533 --> 00:39:24,634 when we get a reminder that the generator pumping our air 1035 00:39:24,634 --> 00:39:26,500 has a finite amount of fuel. 1036 00:39:26,500 --> 00:39:28,967 Dive team, this is topside. You only got five minutes left. 1037 00:39:28,967 --> 00:39:31,500 -[Pearce] All right. -[Josh] Copy that. 1038 00:39:31,500 --> 00:39:34,333 [Josh] Turning around. Heading back out the chambers. 1039 00:39:36,634 --> 00:39:38,500 Okay, I'm at the end of the line. 1040 00:39:38,500 --> 00:39:40,967 -I'm getting into the chute. -[Pearce] All right. 1041 00:39:40,967 --> 00:39:42,867 [Pearce] Just nudge your way forward. 1042 00:39:44,700 --> 00:39:47,166 [Josh] Okay, I'm coming out of the chute. 1043 00:39:49,634 --> 00:39:50,800 We got bubbles. 1044 00:39:54,367 --> 00:39:55,433 Whoo! 1045 00:39:56,533 --> 00:39:58,266 All right, Pearce Paul should be right behind me. 1046 00:39:58,867 --> 00:40:00,433 [Pearce] I'm in the chute now. 1047 00:40:08,600 --> 00:40:11,367 All divers out, all divers out. 1048 00:40:14,066 --> 00:40:15,166 -Dude, unbelievable. -Nice! 1049 00:40:15,166 --> 00:40:17,967 unbelievable, unbelievable, That was insane. 1050 00:40:17,967 --> 00:40:22,166 Man, seriously, that was crazy, what an experience 1051 00:40:22,166 --> 00:40:25,734 -to be inside a pyramid. Underwater. -Yeah. 1052 00:40:25,800 --> 00:40:28,634 Rinse and repeat a couple 100 times, you got an excavation. 1053 00:40:28,634 --> 00:40:30,266 Let's go see our reward on the other end. 1054 00:40:30,266 --> 00:40:31,533 Yeah, let's see what we got in those buckets. 1055 00:40:34,600 --> 00:40:35,560 Whoo, that was crazy! 1056 00:40:35,560 --> 00:40:36,066 Whoo, that was crazy! 1057 00:40:38,367 --> 00:40:41,266 Pearce Paul and I immediately head to the sifting tent 1058 00:40:41,266 --> 00:40:44,867 to see what, if anything, we pulled up in all those buckets. 1059 00:40:46,266 --> 00:40:47,734 Okay. Hello, hello. 1060 00:40:47,734 --> 00:40:50,967 -[archeologist 1] Hello! -So, this is everything I couldn't see down there. 1061 00:40:50,967 --> 00:40:53,100 -This is what you could not see. -Okay. 1062 00:40:53,100 --> 00:40:55,367 So, let's see what... what it all adds up to. 1063 00:40:55,433 --> 00:40:56,800 Look what we got coming out here. 1064 00:40:56,800 --> 00:40:59,266 -[Josh] Right away, gold, look at that. And here. -[archologist 1] Here. 1065 00:40:59,266 --> 00:41:00,900 -That's gold. -May I? 1066 00:41:03,533 --> 00:41:05,560 Are you kidding me? That's astounding. Look at that. 1067 00:41:05,560 --> 00:41:07,333 Are you kidding me? That's astounding. Look at that. 1068 00:41:13,533 --> 00:41:15,533 -[archeologist 1] Oh, oh! -[Josh] May I? 1069 00:41:15,634 --> 00:41:18,066 So what you can see here, it's all wrapped over itself. 1070 00:41:18,100 --> 00:41:21,467 [Josh] That's astounding. Look at that. 1071 00:41:21,533 --> 00:41:24,533 My first dive into the flooded Tomb of King Nastasen 1072 00:41:24,533 --> 00:41:28,867 revealed a crack sarcophagus lid that could lead to the first remains 1073 00:41:28,867 --> 00:41:31,734 of a Kush king ever found in his own tomb. 1074 00:41:33,166 --> 00:41:35,734 But as we learned in the dig sifting tent, 1075 00:41:35,734 --> 00:41:38,166 It also revealed gold. 1076 00:41:38,233 --> 00:41:40,000 This may be commonplace for you, but just the fact that we've gotten 1077 00:41:40,000 --> 00:41:41,066 This may be commonplace for you, but just the fact that we've gotten 1078 00:41:41,066 --> 00:41:42,634 into this tomb once, 1079 00:41:42,634 --> 00:41:46,967 and we're coming out and there's there's gold in this tomb... I just... 1080 00:41:46,967 --> 00:41:51,533 And it shines as gold does just like it did 1000s of years ago. 1081 00:41:51,634 --> 00:41:56,967 At one time, this thin gold foil likely covered everything in these chambers, 1082 00:41:56,967 --> 00:42:01,634 pottery, offerings, even the huge slab in the tomb. 1083 00:42:01,700 --> 00:42:06,734 In fact, the entire room may have been literally covered in gold, pounds of it 1084 00:42:06,734 --> 00:42:10,000 that will be recovered one flake at a time. 1085 00:42:10,000 --> 00:42:10,166 that will be recovered one flake at a time. 1086 00:42:10,166 --> 00:42:12,367 I'll be very carefully bringing this back to you. 1087 00:42:12,433 --> 00:42:14,266 Look what we got coming out here. 1088 00:42:14,333 --> 00:42:16,900 [Josh]I felt you hand this to me and I was like, What is this? 1089 00:42:17,166 --> 00:42:18,467 Incredible. 1090 00:42:18,467 --> 00:42:20,467 This kind of thing makes Tracy's day. 1091 00:42:20,467 --> 00:42:23,266 -It does. This is my version of gold. -[Josh] Yes. 1092 00:42:23,333 --> 00:42:27,634 Yes, this is more than 2000-year-old pottery from Nastasen's Tomb, 1093 00:42:27,700 --> 00:42:32,166 it likely held an offering that Nastasen would have used in his afterlife. 1094 00:42:32,166 --> 00:42:35,066 Making it literally fit for a king. 1095 00:42:35,066 --> 00:42:38,166 And just to think that's been sitting down there in complete darkness... 1096 00:42:38,166 --> 00:42:40,000 -[Pearce] Yeah. -for 1000s of years. 1097 00:42:40,000 --> 00:42:40,166 -[Pearce] Yeah. -for 1000s of years. 1098 00:42:40,166 --> 00:42:42,533 -Beautiful. -Absolutely. 1099 00:42:42,533 --> 00:42:46,367 This is the part of archaeology you don't see, the real work the hard, 1100 00:42:46,367 --> 00:42:49,634 meticulous, slow work. 1101 00:42:49,634 --> 00:42:52,734 The sifting team will spend hours working through the buckets 1102 00:42:52,800 --> 00:42:54,166 from our first dive. 1103 00:42:54,166 --> 00:42:57,634 But the most important takeaway from today is the confirmation that 1104 00:42:57,634 --> 00:43:02,066 the large stone slab inside the tomb is a sarcophagus lid. 1105 00:43:04,166 --> 00:43:07,800 To help figure out how we're going to attack this new development 1106 00:43:07,900 --> 00:43:10,000 and see if we can maybe even move the slab, 1107 00:43:10,000 --> 00:43:10,533 and see if we can maybe even move the slab, 1108 00:43:10,634 --> 00:43:13,100 I need to actually see the chamber. 1109 00:43:16,634 --> 00:43:19,967 So my first dive into Nastasen's tomb was thrilling, 1110 00:43:19,967 --> 00:43:23,266 it was terrifying. And frankly, it was confusing. 1111 00:43:23,266 --> 00:43:26,367 That's because, with no visibility, my mental picture 1112 00:43:26,367 --> 00:43:28,266 of this place is jumbled. 1113 00:43:28,266 --> 00:43:31,634 It's less of an architectural blueprint and more Picasso. 1114 00:43:31,634 --> 00:43:36,166 So to fix that, I'm gonna seek out a tomb that has a similar layout. 1115 00:43:36,233 --> 00:43:39,634 And to find one, we're traveling about 250 miles south 1116 00:43:39,700 --> 00:43:40,000 to a place known as Meroe, which was the third and final 1117 00:43:40,000 --> 00:43:43,066 to a place known as Meroe, which was the third and final 1118 00:43:43,066 --> 00:43:45,233 of the great cities of Kush. 1119 00:43:49,867 --> 00:43:54,734 Near the entrance to the city, I meet the site's lead archaeologist Mahmoud Bashir. 1120 00:43:55,533 --> 00:43:57,533 Mahmoud, hello! 1121 00:43:57,533 --> 00:43:59,367 -I'm Josh, nice to meet you. -[indistinct] Nice to meet you. 1122 00:43:59,367 --> 00:44:01,634 -Welcome to Meroe. -Thank you very much. 1123 00:44:01,700 --> 00:44:03,634 Where is Meroe? I see a lot of dunes. 1124 00:44:03,634 --> 00:44:05,734 It's such a big site... kinds of mountains. 1125 00:44:05,800 --> 00:44:08,367 -We drive? -No... 1126 00:44:09,367 --> 00:44:10,000 -Another way? -Yeah. 1127 00:44:10,000 --> 00:44:10,634 -Another way? -Yeah. 1128 00:44:10,700 --> 00:44:11,900 -Okay, -Let's show you. 1129 00:44:12,367 --> 00:44:13,266 Another way? 1130 00:44:16,634 --> 00:44:17,734 [grunting] 1131 00:44:19,166 --> 00:44:22,367 Camels, why did it have to be camels? 1132 00:44:22,433 --> 00:44:25,367 Longtime viewers of Expedition Unknown will remember 1133 00:44:25,367 --> 00:44:28,800 how little I enjoy the company of camels. 1134 00:44:28,900 --> 00:44:32,367 In fairness, he hasn't bit, spit or thrown me yet. 1135 00:44:33,166 --> 00:44:35,467 Yet. [whispers] I'm watching you. 1136 00:44:37,166 --> 00:44:40,000 Our caravan crossed an empty expansive desert, 1137 00:44:40,000 --> 00:44:40,734 Our caravan crossed an empty expansive desert, 1138 00:44:40,800 --> 00:44:44,734 but then I noticed something ahead on the horizon. 1139 00:44:48,634 --> 00:44:50,867 -Josh, this is Meroe. -Incredible 1140 00:44:50,867 --> 00:44:53,100 [dramatic music playing] 1141 00:45:02,467 --> 00:45:08,066 Meroe is pure, uncut pharmaceutical grade. Wow. 1142 00:45:08,100 --> 00:45:10,000 I savor the ride through one of the most stunning sights I have ever beheld. 1143 00:45:10,000 --> 00:45:12,533 I savor the ride through one of the most stunning sights I have ever beheld. 1144 00:45:14,166 --> 00:45:17,266 It is the biggest collection of pyramids in the world. 1145 00:45:17,266 --> 00:45:18,367 [Josh] Oh! 1146 00:45:20,467 --> 00:45:22,367 [Mahmoud] Okay, Josh. We are here. 1147 00:45:29,000 --> 00:45:31,634 [Josh] This place is unreal. You know. it's like a fantasy. 1148 00:45:31,634 --> 00:45:34,734 You've got pyramids trapped in the dunes. 1149 00:45:34,800 --> 00:45:37,166 And, like, no tourists anywhere. 1150 00:45:37,166 --> 00:45:38,967 Yes, you will feel very alone here. 1151 00:45:39,000 --> 00:45:40,000 But this place should be crawling with visitors 1152 00:45:40,000 --> 00:45:41,266 But this place should be crawling with visitors 1153 00:45:41,266 --> 00:45:44,533 because this is as impressive as the Pyramids of Giza. 1154 00:45:44,634 --> 00:45:45,634 [Mahmoud] Yes, or more. 1155 00:45:45,634 --> 00:45:48,266 [Josh] You're right. We're not completely alone. 1156 00:45:48,266 --> 00:45:50,867 -Who are these guys? -Those are my team. 1157 00:45:50,867 --> 00:45:53,333 -Uh-huh. -They are reopening one of the pyramids. 1158 00:45:53,533 --> 00:45:54,967 Oh, wow. 1159 00:45:55,000 --> 00:45:58,266 The tomb being reopened is that of the Kush King ArHalamani, 1160 00:45:58,266 --> 00:46:01,266 who ruled 100 years or so after Nastasen. 1161 00:46:01,266 --> 00:46:03,967 -Can we have a look? -Yes. 1162 00:46:04,000 --> 00:46:06,867 [Josh] This tomb shares a common layout with Nastasen's, 1163 00:46:06,867 --> 00:46:10,000 which means what I learned here should help me navigate my next dive 1164 00:46:10,000 --> 00:46:11,066 which means what I learned here should help me navigate my next dive 1165 00:46:11,066 --> 00:46:12,266 beneath the pyramid. 1166 00:46:14,100 --> 00:46:16,166 So, we will be underwater here. 1167 00:46:16,233 --> 00:46:18,967 At Nuri, this door is not this big 1168 00:46:18,967 --> 00:46:22,533 So, we swim through a very small opening right here. 1169 00:46:22,634 --> 00:46:26,634 So, we come through the chute, we come into chamber one. 1170 00:46:26,700 --> 00:46:31,367 It's huge. In Nastasen's tomb, this room is completely flooded. 1171 00:46:31,433 --> 00:46:34,734 And there's a guide wire, a cave wire that goes all the way to the door... 1172 00:46:34,800 --> 00:46:36,467 -into chamber two, -Mm-hmm. 1173 00:46:36,467 --> 00:46:40,000 and when you hold on to that line, and you reach out, 1174 00:46:40,000 --> 00:46:40,266 and when you hold on to that line, and you reach out, 1175 00:46:40,333 --> 00:46:41,867 you don't feel anything. 1176 00:46:41,867 --> 00:46:45,266 -You let go of this cave line, you're just lost in this room. -[Mahmoud] Yeah. 1177 00:46:45,266 --> 00:46:49,000 This gives me a real spatial awareness of that room. 1178 00:46:50,634 --> 00:46:55,066 Yes, here we don't need it because we're thankfully not underwater. 1179 00:46:55,100 --> 00:46:58,734 I follow an imaginary guide wire into the second chamber. 1180 00:46:58,734 --> 00:47:01,634 One notable improvement over its Nuri counterpart, 1181 00:47:01,634 --> 00:47:03,634 we're not standing on the ceiling. 1182 00:47:03,700 --> 00:47:07,166 Several posts have been constructed to keep it over our heads 1183 00:47:07,166 --> 00:47:08,734 where it belongs. 1184 00:47:08,734 --> 00:47:10,000 Without the benefit of structural supports like these, 1185 00:47:10,000 --> 00:47:11,166 Without the benefit of structural supports like these, 1186 00:47:11,233 --> 00:47:13,467 -Nastasen's second chamber collapsed, -Mm-hmm. 1187 00:47:13,533 --> 00:47:16,533 which is kind of interesting considering how many support poles we see here. 1188 00:47:16,533 --> 00:47:18,467 -Exactly. -You were worried about the same thing. 1189 00:47:18,533 --> 00:47:20,734 -Exactly. This way. -Yeah. 1190 00:47:20,800 --> 00:47:24,533 [Josh] But then, Mahmoud brings me back into the pyramids third chamber 1191 00:47:24,634 --> 00:47:27,734 and the tomb of ArHalamani. 1192 00:47:27,734 --> 00:47:30,533 -[Mahmoud] Welcome to chamber three. -[Josh] Wow. 1193 00:47:30,634 --> 00:47:34,266 This is beautiful. And look at this. 1194 00:47:34,266 --> 00:47:39,467 So we have this incredibly ornate platform here. 1195 00:47:39,533 --> 00:47:40,000 -That's the king. -This is our King who's there here... 1196 00:47:40,000 --> 00:47:41,533 -That's the king. -This is our King who's there here... 1197 00:47:41,533 --> 00:47:45,166 -This is our king, yes. -I don't know if this makes sense, but this room looks... 1198 00:47:45,166 --> 00:47:48,734 like chamber three feels over at Nuri, if that makes sense. 1199 00:47:48,734 --> 00:47:50,166 Yeah. 1200 00:47:50,166 --> 00:47:53,967 So in this type of a burial, the body will be placed on the bench. 1201 00:47:53,967 --> 00:47:55,467 On the bench, yes. 1202 00:47:55,467 --> 00:47:58,533 One of the things that's really interesting is that this is effectively 1203 00:47:58,533 --> 00:48:00,467 a solid piece. 1204 00:48:00,467 --> 00:48:05,867 This design feels very much like what's in the third chamber in Nastasen's burial. 1205 00:48:05,867 --> 00:48:09,266 But we've determined there that in fact, it's two pieces. 1206 00:48:09,333 --> 00:48:10,000 It's a lid sitting on top of some sort of container, 1207 00:48:10,000 --> 00:48:12,734 It's a lid sitting on top of some sort of container, 1208 00:48:12,734 --> 00:48:15,867 but see how big this is in person, 1209 00:48:15,867 --> 00:48:18,367 I don't think there's gonna be any way we can move this thing. 1210 00:48:18,433 --> 00:48:20,867 -Yeah. -There is a crack in it, so we may have 1211 00:48:20,867 --> 00:48:23,734 to just go under it. This is so helpful. 1212 00:48:23,734 --> 00:48:26,367 This really is like X-ray vision. 1213 00:48:26,367 --> 00:48:29,233 -Should we get out of here before chamber two collapses? -[laughs] 1214 00:48:30,066 --> 00:48:31,634 Seriously though, let's go 1215 00:48:41,533 --> 00:48:45,533 The next morning, I hop into my four by four for the journey back to Nuri. 1216 00:48:49,166 --> 00:48:52,166 Now that I have a clear mental picture of the sunken tomb, 1217 00:48:52,166 --> 00:48:54,233 I'm ready to dive back in. 1218 00:48:56,100 --> 00:49:00,467 At the site I find Pearce Paul already preparing for today's mission. 1219 00:49:02,500 --> 00:49:04,266 [Pearce] How do you want this setting, breathable or not? 1220 00:49:04,266 --> 00:49:07,066 -[Josh] Breathable. -Okay, breathable. Breathable. 1221 00:49:07,066 --> 00:49:09,166 Yeah, exactly. Just working on that, it's good. 1222 00:49:09,166 --> 00:49:10,000 [horns honking] 1223 00:49:10,000 --> 00:49:10,166 [horns honking] 1224 00:49:13,367 --> 00:49:15,000 What's with the convoy? 1225 00:49:18,734 --> 00:49:20,734 That's the Ambassador. 1226 00:49:20,734 --> 00:49:23,900 -That what? -The US Ambassador to Sudan. 1227 00:49:24,266 --> 00:49:25,634 -Wait, what? -Yeah. 1228 00:49:30,367 --> 00:49:33,867 You ever wondered what it would be like if every item on Amazon 1229 00:49:33,900 --> 00:49:35,634 was available in one physical place? 1230 00:49:35,634 --> 00:49:37,967 May I recommend an African market? 1231 00:49:40,000 --> 00:49:43,000 If you can't find it here, odds are, you don't need it. 1232 00:49:43,000 --> 00:49:44,100 What do we use this for? 1233 00:49:44,100 --> 00:49:45,700 This is for cigarettes. 1234 00:49:45,700 --> 00:49:49,333 Oh, this is an ashtray, right. Beautiful. I am trying to scale back on smoking. 1235 00:49:52,367 --> 00:49:54,166 Is this what happens when you dye easter eggs? 1236 00:49:54,700 --> 00:49:56,867 Are they feeding them Skittles? 1237 00:49:56,900 --> 00:49:58,365 These are real. These are made out of real chickens. 1238 00:49:58,365 --> 00:50:00,967 These are real. These are made out of real chickens. 1239 00:50:01,000 --> 00:50:03,433 -[chirping] -Taste the rainbow. 1240 00:50:09,533 --> 00:50:13,233 [Josh] I'm preparing to make my second dive under the burial pyramid 1241 00:50:13,266 --> 00:50:14,967 of the Kush King Nastasen. 1242 00:50:15,000 --> 00:50:18,800 And it turns out archaeologists Pearce Paul Creaseman has invited 1243 00:50:18,800 --> 00:50:21,233 a special guest to the dig today. 1244 00:50:21,266 --> 00:50:24,000 -That's the ambassador. -Wait, what? 1245 00:50:24,000 --> 00:50:28,900 The United States Ambassador to the Republic of Sudan, John T. Godfrey. 1246 00:50:28,900 --> 00:50:31,166 -Morning. How are you? -Good morning. 1247 00:50:31,233 --> 00:50:35,367 Mr. Godfrey is a hardcore Foreign Service vet who has been stationed 1248 00:50:35,367 --> 00:50:36,536 in Libya, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and now, Sudan. 1249 00:50:36,536 --> 00:50:39,233 in Libya, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and now, Sudan. 1250 00:50:39,266 --> 00:50:42,266 He also happens to be the State Department's Actin Coordinator 1251 00:50:42,266 --> 00:50:44,233 of counterterrorism. 1252 00:50:44,266 --> 00:50:48,900 Accompanying the ambassador is his regional security officer Ryan Renuart. 1253 00:50:48,900 --> 00:50:52,433 Well, this place is full of surprises. I was not expecting to meet 1254 00:50:52,500 --> 00:50:55,266 a US Ambassador today. What do you do out this way? 1255 00:50:55,266 --> 00:51:00,066 I'm here to check in on a $500,000 grant for Community Engagement 1256 00:51:00,066 --> 00:51:05,467 conservation and it is designed to help support efforts to preserve culture 1257 00:51:05,467 --> 00:51:06,536 and history in places around the world. And here in Sudan, we're particularly focused 1258 00:51:06,536 --> 00:51:09,100 and history in places around the world. And here in Sudan, we're particularly focused 1259 00:51:09,100 --> 00:51:12,800 on trying to help efforts to preserve remnants of the Kush civilization, 1260 00:51:12,800 --> 00:51:15,433 -Yeah. -which you all are here working on as well. 1261 00:51:15,500 --> 00:51:18,000 And so we're really delighted to have a chance to come and spend 1262 00:51:18,000 --> 00:51:20,166 a little bit of time with you here today. Thank you. 1263 00:51:20,233 --> 00:51:23,266 Yeah, and I should... I should warn you that I've learned firsthand, 1264 00:51:23,266 --> 00:51:25,867 but that Pearce Paul will put you to work if you stay too long. 1265 00:51:25,900 --> 00:51:28,066 -So if you've been given fair warning. -[laughs] 1266 00:51:28,100 --> 00:51:29,433 We're happy to serve. 1267 00:51:29,500 --> 00:51:31,166 -Ambassador after you. -Thank you. 1268 00:51:31,233 --> 00:51:32,433 Something I never thought I'd say. 1269 00:51:34,367 --> 00:51:36,536 Security Officer Ryan is an experienced diver. 1270 00:51:36,536 --> 00:51:37,634 Security Officer Ryan is an experienced diver. 1271 00:51:37,634 --> 00:51:39,867 So he'll be joining us in the tomb. 1272 00:51:39,900 --> 00:51:43,734 The ambassador, ever the public servant is eager to help as well, 1273 00:51:43,800 --> 00:51:48,967 gamely volunteering to haul heavy waterlogged buckets up to the sifting tent. 1274 00:51:49,000 --> 00:51:53,467 Our mission on day two is simple, excavating Nastasen's burial chamber, 1275 00:51:53,467 --> 00:51:59,166 collect samples from his sarcophagus and hopefully find some remains of a king. 1276 00:52:00,634 --> 00:52:03,800 -[man] All right, done, so, we ready? -Ready as we gonna be. 1277 00:52:10,000 --> 00:52:11,467 Good hunting down there. 1278 00:52:17,700 --> 00:52:20,967 [Josh] Now that I've been to Meroe, my mental picture of the tomb 1279 00:52:21,000 --> 00:52:23,367 is strong enough for me to orient myself. 1280 00:52:23,367 --> 00:52:27,233 Still in zero visibility, it's hard to stay that way, 1281 00:52:28,734 --> 00:52:31,433 [Ryan] I feel metal, so this is the edge of the chute. 1282 00:52:32,634 --> 00:52:35,166 I feel like I'm in the chute now, 1283 00:52:35,166 --> 00:52:36,536 making my way through. 1284 00:52:36,536 --> 00:52:36,900 making my way through. 1285 00:52:39,734 --> 00:52:42,266 Dive team, this is Nate, how's the water? 1286 00:52:42,266 --> 00:52:46,967 [Pearce] Murky, zero visibility, but it's a nice day at the beach. 1287 00:52:47,867 --> 00:52:49,967 [Ryan] Pretty much blackout in here. 1288 00:52:51,367 --> 00:52:55,634 [Josh] Okay, I am into the first chamber, looking for the guide wire now. 1289 00:52:59,367 --> 00:53:02,533 Okay, going through, making my way to the second chamber 1290 00:53:07,000 --> 00:53:11,233 I carefully enter the collapsed second chamber of Nastasen's tomb. 1291 00:53:11,266 --> 00:53:15,967 Somewhere ahead of me is a partially submerged block marking the area 1292 00:53:16,000 --> 00:53:19,233 I'll need to swim to reach the safety of an air pocket. 1293 00:53:19,266 --> 00:53:23,900 To find it, I'm going to have to release the guide cable and take that leap of faith. 1294 00:53:26,467 --> 00:53:28,433 Okay, I'm letting go. 1295 00:53:29,900 --> 00:53:31,433 Moving forward. 1296 00:53:35,700 --> 00:53:36,536 I'm not feeling that block this time. 1297 00:53:36,536 --> 00:53:38,433 I'm not feeling that block this time. 1298 00:53:41,100 --> 00:53:42,634 That block is gone. 1299 00:53:42,734 --> 00:53:45,533 I'm gonna turn around and try to reacquire the line. 1300 00:53:50,000 --> 00:53:53,266 I'm off the line, I don't know where I am near chamber two. 1301 00:53:53,266 --> 00:53:56,533 All right Josh, did you repeat that you're off the line? 1302 00:53:56,634 --> 00:53:58,967 [Josh] I lost the line in chamber two. 1303 00:53:59,000 --> 00:54:01,800 It should be in front of me but I can't feel it. 1304 00:54:01,800 --> 00:54:03,634 Josh is off the line, repeat. 1305 00:54:04,467 --> 00:54:06,433 [Josh] I can't get my bearings. 1306 00:54:06,500 --> 00:54:06,536 Okay, just don't panic. Start looking for the line. You got to find a line. 1307 00:54:06,536 --> 00:54:10,367 Okay, just don't panic. Start looking for the line. You got to find a line. 1308 00:54:10,367 --> 00:54:12,000 What do you mean he's off the line? 1309 00:54:12,000 --> 00:54:16,467 He doesn't have any kind of tactile reference, so he has no idea where he is... 1310 00:54:16,467 --> 00:54:18,467 [Josh] I can't see a [bleep] thing. 1311 00:54:18,467 --> 00:54:20,166 Guys, I need some help here. 1312 00:54:31,266 --> 00:54:36,166 Get ready for adventure because Expedition Unknown is back. 1313 00:54:36,166 --> 00:54:36,536 And this season, we're not just investigating the world's greatest mysteries... 1314 00:54:36,536 --> 00:54:40,634 And this season, we're not just investigating the world's greatest mysteries... 1315 00:54:40,634 --> 00:54:42,467 This is an endless cave. 1316 00:54:42,467 --> 00:54:43,734 ...we're solving them. 1317 00:54:43,800 --> 00:54:46,634 -Dude, unbelievable. -Wow! 1318 00:54:46,634 --> 00:54:51,000 From a treacherous hunt for a pirate that ends in treasure... 1319 00:54:51,000 --> 00:54:53,900 Right there, that's a coin. That's a beauty. 1320 00:54:53,900 --> 00:54:56,734 ...to a historic quest across the Holy Land, 1321 00:54:56,800 --> 00:54:59,266 that unearths a biblical bombshell. 1322 00:54:59,266 --> 00:55:02,634 This is the first time the world has seen this in 1400 years. 1323 00:55:02,634 --> 00:55:06,536 We're diving deep to find sunken relics from World War Two. 1324 00:55:06,536 --> 00:55:06,734 We're diving deep to find sunken relics from World War Two. 1325 00:55:06,734 --> 00:55:09,533 This is an airplane, amazing! 1326 00:55:09,533 --> 00:55:11,166 And braving the wilderness... 1327 00:55:11,233 --> 00:55:12,634 Ooh. [bleep] 1328 00:55:12,634 --> 00:55:16,000 -Back up, back up, back up. -...where a long lost temple will be found. 1329 00:55:16,000 --> 00:55:18,634 [exclaims] We have an inscription! 1330 00:55:18,734 --> 00:55:23,367 And inside a collapsing pyramid, a headline-making find... 1331 00:55:23,367 --> 00:55:24,734 Wait, what is this? 1332 00:55:24,734 --> 00:55:28,734 It's all part of an all-new season of Expedition Unknown.