1 00:00:02,100 --> 00:00:04,066 -At 20, he takes the throne. -[man 1] Yes. 2 00:00:04,066 --> 00:00:06,667 And how would you describe his reign? 3 00:00:06,667 --> 00:00:09,533 The most successful military campaign in world history. 4 00:00:11,767 --> 00:00:15,200 This is one of the most famous people in history, 5 00:00:15,200 --> 00:00:16,667 and we don't know where he is. 6 00:00:16,667 --> 00:00:19,166 We don't know where his treasure-filled tomb is. 7 00:00:19,166 --> 00:00:21,934 -He might have been right under your feet, Josh. -Right here? 8 00:00:24,467 --> 00:00:28,100 [chuckles] Wow. Look at this place. 9 00:00:28,100 --> 00:00:29,934 You're excavating a city down here. 10 00:00:33,567 --> 00:00:35,166 And what have you found there? 11 00:00:35,166 --> 00:00:37,634 I believe this is the real face of Alexander. 12 00:00:39,266 --> 00:00:41,767 Is Alexander's tomb underwater? 13 00:00:41,767 --> 00:00:44,533 It could be right underneath us. Do you want to find it? 14 00:00:46,166 --> 00:00:49,667 [Josh] Incredible. This is part of the ancient city. 15 00:00:49,667 --> 00:00:50,567 Wait a minute. Are you saying 16 00:00:50,567 --> 00:00:52,467 that the body of Alexander the Great 17 00:00:52,467 --> 00:00:54,567 is actually in somebody else's tomb? 18 00:00:54,567 --> 00:00:55,467 Exactly. 19 00:00:55,467 --> 00:00:57,367 All the evidence points that way. 20 00:00:57,367 --> 00:00:59,700 -That's it. -Oh, my God. 21 00:00:59,700 --> 00:01:02,767 -Recently we found a tunnel. -[Josh] You found a tunnel? 22 00:01:03,166 --> 00:01:04,000 Why is this deeper? 23 00:01:05,100 --> 00:01:06,767 [man 2] Tunnel's filling with water! 24 00:01:06,767 --> 00:01:08,100 Get Josh out now! 25 00:01:08,100 --> 00:01:08,867 Let's get out of here. 26 00:01:09,100 --> 00:01:10,000 [grunts] 27 00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:10,767 [bleep] 28 00:01:11,867 --> 00:01:13,300 I'm gonna drown in here! 29 00:01:30,266 --> 00:01:35,467 Today, Vergina is a quiet town nestled in the mountains of northern Greece. 30 00:01:35,467 --> 00:01:37,900 But in antiquity, this was Aigai, 31 00:01:37,900 --> 00:01:43,500 the capital of a puny, insignificant, tribal kingdom known as Macedon. 32 00:01:43,500 --> 00:01:45,100 A bunch of farmers, really. 33 00:01:45,100 --> 00:01:47,367 At least, that's how they were seen by Athens 34 00:01:47,367 --> 00:01:50,600 and the other powerful Greek city states to the south. 35 00:01:50,600 --> 00:01:54,834 But then... Well, then something rather extraordinary happens. 36 00:01:57,367 --> 00:02:01,900 From this quiet countryside bloomed the largest empire on Earth, 37 00:02:01,900 --> 00:02:04,200 a kingdom spanning three continents 38 00:02:04,200 --> 00:02:07,934 and encompassing what, for the Greeks, was most of the known world. 39 00:02:10,367 --> 00:02:13,600 How? How does Macedon pull this off? 40 00:02:13,600 --> 00:02:15,367 Well, it doesn't hurt that they've got 41 00:02:15,367 --> 00:02:18,634 one of the greatest conquerors in history leading the charge. 42 00:02:21,867 --> 00:02:27,367 Alexander the Great, a visionary military tactician like no other. 43 00:02:27,367 --> 00:02:30,300 He leads his army from the shores of the Mediterranean 44 00:02:30,300 --> 00:02:33,066 to the frozen peaks of the Himalayas. 45 00:02:33,066 --> 00:02:35,200 Along the way, he's made pharaoh of Egypt, 46 00:02:35,200 --> 00:02:37,567 and topples the mighty Persian empire. 47 00:02:39,100 --> 00:02:40,367 For a fleeting moment, 48 00:02:40,367 --> 00:02:44,266 Alexander controls more than two million square miles. 49 00:02:44,266 --> 00:02:49,166 But at the age of 32, he suddenly falls ill and dies. 50 00:02:49,166 --> 00:02:51,166 He is buried in a lavish tomb, 51 00:02:51,166 --> 00:02:54,166 surrounded by the greatest riches from his empire, 52 00:02:54,166 --> 00:02:57,266 a haul worth untold billions. 53 00:02:57,266 --> 00:03:02,100 And this is where the world's greatest missing person's case begins, 54 00:03:02,100 --> 00:03:03,400 because in time, 55 00:03:03,400 --> 00:03:07,567 the treasure-filled tomb of Alexander, and his very body, 56 00:03:07,567 --> 00:03:09,100 will become lost. 57 00:03:09,100 --> 00:03:13,166 And countless attempts to find them have all come up empty. 58 00:03:13,166 --> 00:03:15,867 But now the search is hotter than ever, 59 00:03:15,867 --> 00:03:20,867 because a dogged archaeologist believes she's closing in on the buried prize. 60 00:03:20,867 --> 00:03:25,200 In another location, a diver has found evidence in a sunken city 61 00:03:25,200 --> 00:03:28,166 that the tomb may be close at hand. 62 00:03:28,166 --> 00:03:30,567 And a determined historian is convinced 63 00:03:30,567 --> 00:03:35,100 that he's found Alexander's sarcophagus and his mummified remains 64 00:03:35,100 --> 00:03:37,533 in the most unlikely of places. 65 00:03:39,467 --> 00:03:42,867 So buckle up, 'cause we're about to reignite the hunt 66 00:03:42,867 --> 00:03:45,033 for Alexander the Great. 67 00:03:45,767 --> 00:03:48,133 Whoo-hoo! Let's do it! 68 00:03:52,500 --> 00:03:54,700 The past is all around us. 69 00:03:54,700 --> 00:03:56,567 Oh, this is crazy. 70 00:03:57,200 --> 00:03:58,533 A world of mystery... 71 00:03:59,100 --> 00:03:59,867 This is a plane. 72 00:03:59,867 --> 00:04:01,133 -[man 3] Yeah. -[laughs triumphantly] 73 00:04:01,767 --> 00:04:02,600 ...danger... 74 00:04:02,600 --> 00:04:04,266 We are about to be underwater. 75 00:04:04,266 --> 00:04:05,066 Whoa! 76 00:04:06,467 --> 00:04:07,634 ...and adventure. 77 00:04:09,967 --> 00:04:11,567 It's just straight down! 78 00:04:12,800 --> 00:04:14,667 [yelling in fear] 79 00:04:15,100 --> 00:04:16,133 [eagle shrieks] 80 00:04:16,133 --> 00:04:18,867 [Josh] I travel to the far corners of the Earth 81 00:04:18,867 --> 00:04:21,000 to uncover where legends end... 82 00:04:21,000 --> 00:04:22,500 [yelling, laughing] 83 00:04:22,500 --> 00:04:24,100 ...and history begins. 84 00:04:24,100 --> 00:04:24,867 Okay, let's punch it. 85 00:04:25,900 --> 00:04:27,200 I'm Josh Gates, 86 00:04:27,200 --> 00:04:31,133 and this is Expedition Unknown. 87 00:04:35,467 --> 00:04:37,900 My search for Alexander's last resting place 88 00:04:37,900 --> 00:04:40,233 begins here, in the hills of Vergina. 89 00:04:47,767 --> 00:04:50,567 In 1977, a Greek archaeologist 90 00:04:50,567 --> 00:04:53,667 undertook an excavation of this unremarkable hill, 91 00:04:53,667 --> 00:04:56,567 just outside the ancient Macedonian capital. 92 00:04:56,567 --> 00:04:58,667 What he found underneath it turned out to be 93 00:04:58,667 --> 00:05:02,533 one of the most shocking archaeological discoveries of all time. 94 00:05:11,567 --> 00:05:13,133 Under tons of earth, 95 00:05:14,100 --> 00:05:16,800 was the massive entrance to a royal tomb, 96 00:05:16,800 --> 00:05:20,767 adorned with the distinctive red and blue colors of Macedon. 97 00:05:21,467 --> 00:05:22,767 Incredible. 98 00:05:22,767 --> 00:05:26,867 This imposing facade leads to the tomb of Philip II, 99 00:05:26,867 --> 00:05:30,367 the Macedonian king who conquered most of classical Greece 100 00:05:30,367 --> 00:05:32,500 before his son, Alexander the Great, 101 00:05:32,500 --> 00:05:34,500 conquered most of the known world. 102 00:05:34,500 --> 00:05:36,600 But Philip's burial is unique, 103 00:05:36,600 --> 00:05:39,667 because unlike many ancient tombs which were looted, 104 00:05:39,667 --> 00:05:43,734 beyond those doors, this one was found completely intact. 105 00:05:47,800 --> 00:05:49,967 Let your eyes adjust to the light, 106 00:05:49,967 --> 00:05:53,100 and you'll make out treasures beyond compare. 107 00:05:53,100 --> 00:05:56,066 Iron armor, silver drinking vessels, 108 00:05:56,066 --> 00:05:59,467 ivory shields, and solid gold artifacts 109 00:05:59,467 --> 00:06:03,567 that are among the finest ever discovered from the ancient world. 110 00:06:03,567 --> 00:06:06,567 Philip was, after all, a force to be reckoned with. 111 00:06:06,567 --> 00:06:08,767 A one-eyed, battle-hardened king, 112 00:06:08,767 --> 00:06:12,166 he taught Alexander how to hunt, fight, and lead. 113 00:06:12,166 --> 00:06:16,100 But in 336 BC, when Alexander was only 20, 114 00:06:16,100 --> 00:06:21,166 Philip was assassinated by a traitorous member of his royal guard. 115 00:06:21,166 --> 00:06:24,967 Philip's cremated remains were interred in this golden box, 116 00:06:24,967 --> 00:06:28,066 marked with the Macedonian 16 pointed symbol 117 00:06:28,066 --> 00:06:30,367 called the Vergina Sun. 118 00:06:30,367 --> 00:06:32,300 Yet all of this pales in comparison 119 00:06:32,300 --> 00:06:35,867 to the riches that would have been interred with Alexander. 120 00:06:35,867 --> 00:06:40,300 In this same hillside, archaeologists found the tomb of Alexander's son, 121 00:06:40,300 --> 00:06:41,900 as well as two looted tombs 122 00:06:41,900 --> 00:06:45,066 that may have belonged to Alexander's wife, and brother. 123 00:06:47,367 --> 00:06:50,100 So, it makes all the sense in the world 124 00:06:50,100 --> 00:06:54,000 that Alexander would be buried here, too, alongside his family. 125 00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:57,066 And yet, he's not here. Never was. 126 00:06:57,066 --> 00:07:00,066 But that doesn't mean his tomb was always lost. 127 00:07:00,066 --> 00:07:03,667 Ancient historians describe the Soma of Alexander, 128 00:07:03,667 --> 00:07:07,166 an immense mausoleum befitting a god king. 129 00:07:07,166 --> 00:07:09,000 It would have been dripping with gold, 130 00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:11,467 and filled with treasures like this. 131 00:07:11,467 --> 00:07:15,266 But they describe it as being 750 miles from here, 132 00:07:15,266 --> 00:07:18,667 in one of the crown jewels of Alexander's empire. 133 00:07:18,667 --> 00:07:19,667 Egypt. 134 00:07:25,567 --> 00:07:26,734 Hang on! [exclaims] 135 00:07:29,767 --> 00:07:30,834 Good Lord. 136 00:07:32,467 --> 00:07:33,867 I think, maybe over here? Left. 137 00:07:33,867 --> 00:07:35,100 Nope. Right. 138 00:07:35,100 --> 00:07:36,400 Nope. Left. 139 00:07:36,400 --> 00:07:37,867 Yeah. Left, left. 140 00:07:41,000 --> 00:07:42,467 You might wanna hang on to something 141 00:07:42,467 --> 00:07:45,767 because just outside the modern capital of Cairo 142 00:07:45,767 --> 00:07:48,100 lies the royal burial ground 143 00:07:48,100 --> 00:07:50,600 of the ancient capital of Memphis. 144 00:07:50,600 --> 00:07:55,166 It is a sprawling and rather unpaved city of the dead, 145 00:07:55,166 --> 00:07:57,367 known as Saqqara. 146 00:07:57,367 --> 00:08:01,867 For centuries, this was where pharaohs transitioned to the afterlife. 147 00:08:01,867 --> 00:08:05,400 Beneath the sands, untold thousands of burials, 148 00:08:05,400 --> 00:08:07,600 and above, soaring monuments, 149 00:08:07,600 --> 00:08:10,166 including the first pyramid in Egypt. 150 00:08:12,600 --> 00:08:15,567 But I'm here, looking for evidence of another king. 151 00:08:15,567 --> 00:08:18,567 Alexander's conquest left him with many titles. 152 00:08:18,567 --> 00:08:21,967 He was the leader of Macedon, the conqueror of Babylon, 153 00:08:21,967 --> 00:08:25,367 the Lord of Asia, and even a pharaoh of Egypt. 154 00:08:25,367 --> 00:08:27,500 So, could his body be here, 155 00:08:27,500 --> 00:08:30,367 with Egypt's other divine rulers? 156 00:08:30,367 --> 00:08:31,367 Let's find out. 157 00:08:33,467 --> 00:08:35,634 After inhaling half the Sahara Desert, 158 00:08:37,467 --> 00:08:40,767 I pull over to meet Professor of Classics at Bard College, 159 00:08:40,767 --> 00:08:42,166 James Romm. 160 00:08:42,166 --> 00:08:44,266 James. Hey, how are ya? 161 00:08:44,266 --> 00:08:45,767 -Hey, Josh. -Nice to meet you. 162 00:08:45,767 --> 00:08:49,266 He's the author of the groundbreaking book Ghost on the Throne, 163 00:08:49,266 --> 00:08:51,166 which delves into the long shadow 164 00:08:51,166 --> 00:08:53,967 cast by one of history's greatest figures. 165 00:08:54,867 --> 00:08:56,667 Okay, Alexander the Great. 166 00:08:56,667 --> 00:08:58,233 Everybody knows the name, 167 00:08:58,233 --> 00:09:02,567 but I think very few people probably know about the scale of what he accomplished. 168 00:09:02,567 --> 00:09:04,367 So, let's start with Alexander's world. 169 00:09:04,367 --> 00:09:06,367 He comes from Macedonia. 170 00:09:06,367 --> 00:09:08,467 -Macedon, right? -Correct. 171 00:09:08,467 --> 00:09:10,667 Philip II, Alexander's father, comes along. 172 00:09:10,667 --> 00:09:15,767 So, what does he do? How does Macedon become this big, powerful thing? 173 00:09:15,767 --> 00:09:17,767 It was all about his reform of the army. 174 00:09:17,767 --> 00:09:20,767 Philip built a standing army in service, year round, 175 00:09:20,767 --> 00:09:23,266 and gave them a brand new set of weapons 176 00:09:23,266 --> 00:09:25,000 that he had personally designed. 177 00:09:25,000 --> 00:09:28,567 His major innovation was a spear called the sarissa, 178 00:09:28,567 --> 00:09:32,467 which was more than twice as long as the spears that the Greeks were using, 179 00:09:32,467 --> 00:09:33,967 perhaps as long as 20 feet. 180 00:09:33,967 --> 00:09:36,367 -A 20-foot long spear? -Exactly. 181 00:09:36,367 --> 00:09:38,500 But surely it can't be as simple as that. 182 00:09:38,500 --> 00:09:40,467 It's not just how big is your spear, is it? 183 00:09:41,100 --> 00:09:42,066 Well, that's part of it. 184 00:09:42,066 --> 00:09:44,300 -[chuckles] -But it's also about the cohesion-- 185 00:09:44,300 --> 00:09:46,767 -I thought size didn't matter, James. -[chuckles] 186 00:09:46,767 --> 00:09:48,567 -Well-- -I was led to believe. 187 00:09:48,567 --> 00:09:50,066 -[James] It does in this case. -[chuckles] 188 00:09:50,867 --> 00:09:52,667 This new weapon was a game changer 189 00:09:52,667 --> 00:09:56,100 when it came to the military formation known as a phalanx, 190 00:09:56,100 --> 00:09:57,567 where troops would mass together 191 00:09:57,567 --> 00:10:00,600 to attack and defend as a single entity. 192 00:10:00,600 --> 00:10:04,467 Philip's well trained forces also employed state of the art catapults, 193 00:10:04,467 --> 00:10:06,800 battering rams, and siege towers, 194 00:10:06,800 --> 00:10:10,266 to knock down walls that were once impenetrable. 195 00:10:10,266 --> 00:10:12,967 So, this is just a huge burst of military innovation. 196 00:10:12,967 --> 00:10:15,266 -And he has big plans. -Yes. 197 00:10:15,266 --> 00:10:18,467 He decided to take his army into Asia Minor 198 00:10:18,467 --> 00:10:22,000 and begin eating away at the Persian empire, 199 00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:25,934 which was the great empire that dominated all of Asia up to that point. 200 00:10:27,400 --> 00:10:31,600 The Persian empire was the largest, fiercest power of the ancient world. 201 00:10:31,600 --> 00:10:34,433 But Philip never got the chance to confront them. 202 00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:39,200 With Philip gone, his heir takes the throne. Alexander. 203 00:10:39,200 --> 00:10:40,600 Alexander, at 20 years old. 204 00:10:40,600 --> 00:10:42,600 -At 20, he takes the throne. -[James] Yes. 205 00:10:42,600 --> 00:10:46,333 He inherited his father's army and his father's plans, 206 00:10:46,867 --> 00:10:49,166 and he put them into effect 207 00:10:49,166 --> 00:10:52,066 with astonishing success and efficiency. 208 00:10:53,266 --> 00:10:55,100 [Josh] He is smart, charismatic, 209 00:10:55,100 --> 00:10:58,000 and by all accounts, has really good hair. 210 00:10:58,000 --> 00:11:00,767 Alexander also has a serious vision of his own, 211 00:11:00,767 --> 00:11:02,567 to remake the world. 212 00:11:02,567 --> 00:11:05,166 In his youth, he was rumored to be tutored by none other 213 00:11:05,166 --> 00:11:07,166 than the great philosopher Aristotle, 214 00:11:07,166 --> 00:11:11,000 and wanted to spread Greek civilization far and wide. 215 00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:13,600 But he also sought to fuse East and West, 216 00:11:13,600 --> 00:11:16,166 and create a multicultural empire. 217 00:11:16,166 --> 00:11:17,266 It's a vision that allowed him 218 00:11:17,266 --> 00:11:20,367 to connect, as well as to conquer. 219 00:11:20,367 --> 00:11:23,000 And how would you describe his reign? 220 00:11:23,000 --> 00:11:25,934 The most successful military campaign in world history. 221 00:11:26,367 --> 00:11:27,166 Simple as that. 222 00:11:29,367 --> 00:11:31,667 Okay, kids, it's conquest map time. 223 00:11:31,667 --> 00:11:33,266 In 335 BC, 224 00:11:33,266 --> 00:11:36,166 Alexander and his army whip out their very long spears-- 225 00:11:36,166 --> 00:11:37,066 [soldier] Hey, there. 226 00:11:37,066 --> 00:11:38,700 [Josh] ...to invade what's now the Balkans, 227 00:11:38,700 --> 00:11:41,300 before popping over to Asia with 100 ships. 228 00:11:41,300 --> 00:11:42,834 [Alexander] Row lively now. 229 00:11:42,834 --> 00:11:45,367 [Josh] The Persians don't take this seriously, which kind of sucks for them, 230 00:11:45,367 --> 00:11:49,100 because Alexander takes over what is now Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel. 231 00:11:49,100 --> 00:11:50,533 What am I forgetting? Oh, right. 232 00:11:50,533 --> 00:11:53,600 Since the Egyptians weren't too thrilled with being under Persian rule, 233 00:11:53,600 --> 00:11:55,667 they basically hand Alexander the keys. 234 00:11:55,667 --> 00:11:56,867 -[man] Here you go. -[Josh] Making him 235 00:11:56,867 --> 00:11:58,967 the first foreign-born pharaoh. 236 00:11:58,967 --> 00:12:02,767 Even though he's on a roll, Alexander takes a weird detour to Egypt's western desert 237 00:12:02,767 --> 00:12:04,000 to meet with an oracle in Siwah, 238 00:12:04,000 --> 00:12:07,500 who tells him, that he is the son of the Egyptian god Amon. 239 00:12:07,500 --> 00:12:08,700 So, I guess, worth the trip. 240 00:12:08,700 --> 00:12:10,000 [Alexander] It's good to be the king. 241 00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:11,667 [Josh] Now, officially a living god on earth, 242 00:12:11,667 --> 00:12:13,867 Alexander decides to go big or go home, 243 00:12:13,867 --> 00:12:15,867 taking on the heart of the Persian Empire 244 00:12:15,867 --> 00:12:19,000 and their very badass leader, Darius, in modern day Iraq. 245 00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:22,467 Alexander takes the capital of Persepolis, which burns to the ground. 246 00:12:22,467 --> 00:12:23,266 [Alexander] Whoopsie. 247 00:12:23,266 --> 00:12:24,900 [Josh] Darius offers a peace accord. 248 00:12:24,900 --> 00:12:26,667 Alexander is like, "Yeah, I don't think so." 249 00:12:26,667 --> 00:12:28,400 And chases him into modern day Iran, 250 00:12:28,400 --> 00:12:30,767 -where Darius gets killed in a coup-- -[Darius groans] 251 00:12:30,767 --> 00:12:34,867 [Josh] ...and Alexander is left to seize fabulously wealthy Babylon. 252 00:12:34,867 --> 00:12:36,867 In what can only be described as not knowing when to quit, 253 00:12:36,867 --> 00:12:40,266 he then leads charges into modern day Afghanistan, Uzbekistan... 254 00:12:40,266 --> 00:12:41,400 Most of the stans, really. 255 00:12:41,400 --> 00:12:43,800 All the way to the Himalayas of Pakistan. 256 00:12:43,800 --> 00:12:48,767 All told, he takes two million square miles and founds 70 cities, 257 00:12:48,767 --> 00:12:50,967 more than a dozen of which bear his name. 258 00:12:50,967 --> 00:12:52,266 [all cheering] 259 00:12:52,266 --> 00:12:55,467 But his conquering of the whole world is not meant to be. 260 00:12:55,467 --> 00:12:59,367 No. In what the Greeks called India, what is today Pakistan, 261 00:12:59,367 --> 00:13:02,266 he was punctured through the lung with a 6-foot arrow. 262 00:13:02,266 --> 00:13:03,667 Very nearly killed him. 263 00:13:03,667 --> 00:13:05,166 He turned around, 264 00:13:05,166 --> 00:13:08,166 and after making his way back to Babylon 265 00:13:08,166 --> 00:13:10,367 and staying there only a few months, 266 00:13:10,367 --> 00:13:13,200 he dies mysteriously at the age of 32. 267 00:13:13,200 --> 00:13:16,500 [Josh] It must send a shockwave through the ancient world. 268 00:13:16,500 --> 00:13:19,166 It was probably the most devastating piece of news 269 00:13:19,166 --> 00:13:21,667 that the world had seen up to that point. 270 00:13:21,667 --> 00:13:23,967 [Josh] His cause of death remains unknown. 271 00:13:23,967 --> 00:13:26,300 It may have been complications from his wound, 272 00:13:26,300 --> 00:13:27,567 or was he poisoned? 273 00:13:27,567 --> 00:13:30,066 Or could it have been malaria or typhoid? 274 00:13:30,066 --> 00:13:33,567 No matter the cause, there's no clear plan for his succession. 275 00:13:33,567 --> 00:13:35,967 [James] There's a group of five or six people, 276 00:13:35,967 --> 00:13:39,667 that all have various claims on power, 277 00:13:39,667 --> 00:13:42,567 and will end up fighting it out for years to come. 278 00:13:42,567 --> 00:13:44,667 In other words, and this is a technical term, 279 00:13:44,667 --> 00:13:45,600 It's a [bleep] show. 280 00:13:45,600 --> 00:13:47,400 [chuckles] Yes, it's very much a [bleep] show. 281 00:13:47,400 --> 00:13:48,233 [chuckling] 282 00:13:49,000 --> 00:13:50,800 Okay, but what about his body? 283 00:13:50,800 --> 00:13:52,800 After he dies, what happens to him? 284 00:13:52,800 --> 00:13:54,533 So, his body is mummified. 285 00:13:57,500 --> 00:14:00,100 [Josh] And the decision about where to send him falls to who? 286 00:14:00,100 --> 00:14:02,467 To Perdiccas, one of the top generals, 287 00:14:02,467 --> 00:14:06,166 and the one who is mostly commanding the empire at this point. 288 00:14:06,166 --> 00:14:08,467 [Josh] Perdiccas decides to do what seems logical, 289 00:14:08,467 --> 00:14:11,567 to clad Alexander in gold, put him in a sarcophagus, 290 00:14:11,567 --> 00:14:15,467 and send the body back to his lavish family tomb in Macedon. 291 00:14:15,467 --> 00:14:19,166 And so, a huge funeral procession, with a tomb on wheels, 292 00:14:19,166 --> 00:14:21,266 sets off on the long journey. 293 00:14:21,266 --> 00:14:23,367 But as the body passes through Damascus, 294 00:14:23,367 --> 00:14:27,000 it's intercepted by another of Alexander's top generals. 295 00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:28,700 Meet Ptolemy. 296 00:14:28,700 --> 00:14:30,967 Ptolemy has staked a claim over Egypt, 297 00:14:30,967 --> 00:14:32,867 and named himself as pharaoh. 298 00:14:32,867 --> 00:14:35,266 And he figures that having Alexander's body 299 00:14:35,266 --> 00:14:37,867 will help legitimize himself to the Egyptians. 300 00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:41,000 And where does Ptolemy bring him? 301 00:14:41,000 --> 00:14:42,667 Right here, to Egypt. 302 00:14:42,667 --> 00:14:45,166 The royal burial ground of Memphis. 303 00:14:45,166 --> 00:14:47,467 [Josh] This brings us to the mystery of Alexander the Great. 304 00:14:47,467 --> 00:14:50,100 His body and his tomb are missing. 305 00:14:50,100 --> 00:14:52,900 Crazy though it seems, we don't know where it is. 306 00:14:52,900 --> 00:14:55,767 What would it mean to find Alexander the Great? 307 00:14:55,767 --> 00:14:58,000 It would be one of the most staggering discoveries 308 00:14:58,000 --> 00:14:59,500 in the history of archaeology. 309 00:14:59,500 --> 00:15:03,100 He probably changed the world more than any other single individual. 310 00:15:03,100 --> 00:15:06,367 This is one of the most famous people in history, 311 00:15:06,367 --> 00:15:09,367 and we don't know where he is. We don't know where his tomb is. 312 00:15:09,367 --> 00:15:11,867 That's true. But there may be some clues. 313 00:15:11,867 --> 00:15:13,567 He might have been right under your feet, Josh. 314 00:15:13,567 --> 00:15:15,367 -Literally? -Yes. 315 00:15:15,367 --> 00:15:16,333 [Josh] Right here? 316 00:15:24,500 --> 00:15:26,567 We are in the royal Necropolis of Memphis, 317 00:15:26,567 --> 00:15:28,166 so I need you to be really specific here, James. 318 00:15:28,166 --> 00:15:30,967 Exactly where is Alexander's body? 319 00:15:30,967 --> 00:15:32,767 It could have been right under our feet. 320 00:15:32,767 --> 00:15:34,066 Like, literally under our feet? 321 00:15:34,066 --> 00:15:36,266 We're standing on the remains of a temple 322 00:15:36,266 --> 00:15:39,367 that was built at the time of Alexander's death. 323 00:15:39,367 --> 00:15:44,166 [Josh] I'm seeking the greatest lost tomb in history, that of Alexander the Great, 324 00:15:44,166 --> 00:15:47,567 who ruled over the known world by the age of 32. 325 00:15:47,567 --> 00:15:49,467 I've traveled to the deserts of Egypt, 326 00:15:49,467 --> 00:15:52,767 It was here that one of Alexander's successors, Ptolemy, 327 00:15:52,767 --> 00:15:55,600 was said to have taken the conqueror's body. 328 00:15:55,600 --> 00:15:59,266 And do we have any indication that he might actually have been put in this temple? 329 00:15:59,266 --> 00:16:03,266 -There may be some clues. Come on, I'll show you. -[Josh] Sure. 330 00:16:03,266 --> 00:16:07,867 Historian James Romm leads me a few hundred feet away to a sheltered ruin. 331 00:16:13,867 --> 00:16:15,600 -Wow. -[James] Yes. 332 00:16:15,600 --> 00:16:18,667 Josh, welcome to what's known as the Philosopher's Circle. 333 00:16:18,667 --> 00:16:22,300 This is incredible. These do not look like Egyptian statues. 334 00:16:22,300 --> 00:16:25,266 No, these are definitely Greek. 335 00:16:25,266 --> 00:16:28,667 [Josh] In the mid-19th century, Egyptologist Auguste Mariette 336 00:16:28,667 --> 00:16:33,100 uncovered this collection of decidedly Hellenistic or Greek statues, 337 00:16:33,100 --> 00:16:35,266 thought to include depictions of Plato, 338 00:16:35,266 --> 00:16:39,533 Alexander's tutor Aristotle, and Alexander's idol, Homer. 339 00:16:40,900 --> 00:16:42,500 What are a bunch of Greek statues 340 00:16:42,500 --> 00:16:45,100 doing in the middle of an Egyptian burial ground? 341 00:16:45,100 --> 00:16:47,867 That's a very good question. They're very intriguing. 342 00:16:47,867 --> 00:16:50,100 They seem to be from the time of Ptolemy I, 343 00:16:50,100 --> 00:16:52,000 the man who hijacked Alexander's body. 344 00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:56,200 And what's more, right next to this semicircle where we were just standing, 345 00:16:56,200 --> 00:16:59,967 was found a temple associated with Nectanebo, 346 00:16:59,967 --> 00:17:03,500 the pharaoh from just before Alexander's time. 347 00:17:03,500 --> 00:17:07,800 [Josh] Nectanebo was driven out of Egypt by the Persians, never to return. 348 00:17:07,800 --> 00:17:11,166 He left behind an empty, unfinished funerary temple. 349 00:17:11,166 --> 00:17:14,266 So when Ptolemy brought Alexander's body to Egypt, 350 00:17:14,266 --> 00:17:18,967 some have theorized that this would have been a very logical place to put it. 351 00:17:18,967 --> 00:17:21,667 So here we have this very Greek shrine, 352 00:17:21,667 --> 00:17:25,900 right next to a perfectly good abandoned temple. 353 00:17:25,900 --> 00:17:29,867 Not a bad place to put the body of Alexander the Great if you're Ptolemy. 354 00:17:29,867 --> 00:17:34,567 Perhaps, but whether he was here or not, he didn't stay here for long. 355 00:17:34,567 --> 00:17:35,700 We don't need to get the shovels. 356 00:17:35,700 --> 00:17:37,900 -He's not here today? -Definitely not. 357 00:17:37,900 --> 00:17:39,867 He was only here temporarily. 358 00:17:39,867 --> 00:17:44,467 While a grand mausoleum befitting a person of heroic stature 359 00:17:44,467 --> 00:17:46,867 could be built for him elsewhere. 360 00:17:46,867 --> 00:17:49,967 I'm guessing this was not a subtle tomb. 361 00:17:49,967 --> 00:17:52,367 No, it would have been something spectacular. 362 00:17:52,367 --> 00:17:54,000 And where was this mausoleum? 363 00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:57,467 In the city that Alexander founded and that came to bear his name. 364 00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:00,133 -Alexandria? -Alexandria. 365 00:18:01,567 --> 00:18:05,166 [Josh] Alexander's body moved again, and I'm chasing after it. 366 00:18:06,700 --> 00:18:10,000 I thank James and point my compass north, 367 00:18:10,000 --> 00:18:14,233 driving 150 miles to where the Nile meets the Mediterranean. 368 00:18:16,367 --> 00:18:21,166 Today, what little remains of a once grand city are a handful of ruins. 369 00:18:23,867 --> 00:18:26,600 While construction of Alexander's seaside city 370 00:18:26,600 --> 00:18:28,867 wasn't completed during his lifetime, 371 00:18:28,867 --> 00:18:32,900 Alexandria blossomed into a metropolis after his death. 372 00:18:32,900 --> 00:18:35,266 This became the capital of Egypt 373 00:18:35,266 --> 00:18:39,433 and home to some of the most legendary buildings in the ancient world. 374 00:18:41,767 --> 00:18:45,567 This is Pompey's Pillar, the only column from the ancient city 375 00:18:45,567 --> 00:18:48,467 still standing in its original place. 376 00:18:48,467 --> 00:18:52,166 Alexandria's skyline also featured the world's first museum 377 00:18:52,166 --> 00:18:57,166 and the famed Great Library, the legendary repository of knowledge. 378 00:18:57,166 --> 00:18:58,900 And standing guard above it all, 379 00:18:58,900 --> 00:19:01,700 was one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. 380 00:19:01,700 --> 00:19:04,300 The renowned Lighthouse of Alexandria, 381 00:19:04,300 --> 00:19:06,266 which protected the city's harbor. 382 00:19:08,166 --> 00:19:12,667 Today, though, the skyline looks quite a bit different. 383 00:19:12,667 --> 00:19:17,800 A view from the rooftop of one of the tallest buildings in present day Alexandria, 384 00:19:17,800 --> 00:19:22,300 makes it immediately clear how the most famous tomb in history got lost. 385 00:19:22,300 --> 00:19:27,066 Look at this place. Alexandria has exploded into the largest city 386 00:19:27,066 --> 00:19:30,767 on the Mediterranean. Home to more than 5 million people. 387 00:19:30,767 --> 00:19:35,166 With centuries of construction towering up to the sky, 388 00:19:35,166 --> 00:19:38,433 The Great Library burned and has now been rebuilt. 389 00:19:39,467 --> 00:19:42,166 The wondrous lighthouse collapsed into the sea, 390 00:19:42,166 --> 00:19:44,900 a stone fort standing in its place. 391 00:19:44,900 --> 00:19:49,266 And somewhere, somewhere underneath all of this modern stuff, 392 00:19:49,266 --> 00:19:52,066 lies the ancient city's Royal Quarter, 393 00:19:52,066 --> 00:19:56,166 with its palaces, its temples and its magnificent Soma, 394 00:19:56,166 --> 00:19:58,667 the tomb of Alexander the Great. 395 00:19:58,667 --> 00:20:01,266 The very hard question is, where was it? 396 00:20:07,100 --> 00:20:10,233 The answer, surprisingly, may lie underwater. 397 00:20:12,066 --> 00:20:15,166 On a research vessel steaming out into Alexandria harbor, 398 00:20:15,166 --> 00:20:18,900 I meet my old friend, archaeologist Mohamed El Sayid. 399 00:20:18,900 --> 00:20:20,867 -Hello. How are you? -Hello, Josh. 400 00:20:20,867 --> 00:20:22,100 -How are you? -Good to see you. 401 00:20:22,100 --> 00:20:24,600 Mohammed believes it's possible these waters 402 00:20:24,600 --> 00:20:27,333 could be keeping history's greatest secret. 403 00:20:28,100 --> 00:20:30,100 This is a dream of all the archaeologists, 404 00:20:30,100 --> 00:20:34,367 -to find the the tomb of Alexander the Great. -[Josh] Yes. 405 00:20:34,367 --> 00:20:37,100 Okay, so once Alexander's body is brought here 406 00:20:37,100 --> 00:20:38,533 -to Alexandria... -Yeah. 407 00:20:38,533 --> 00:20:42,567 ...the tomb that's made for him must have been a really impressive building. 408 00:20:42,567 --> 00:20:46,767 Yes, it was a remarkable building. It's a pharaoh's tomb. 409 00:20:46,767 --> 00:20:50,467 [Josh] Maddeningly, there are no exact descriptions of the tomb itself. 410 00:20:50,467 --> 00:20:54,700 One ancient source claims it had a pyramid on the roof of a grand structure 411 00:20:54,700 --> 00:20:57,266 filled with Alexander's priceless treasures. 412 00:20:57,266 --> 00:20:59,867 We do know it was a major pilgrimage site. 413 00:20:59,867 --> 00:21:04,000 It was even visited by Julius Caesar and by the emperor Augustus, 414 00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:07,800 who famously paid his respects with a gold laurel. 415 00:21:07,800 --> 00:21:09,967 And where would it have been here? 416 00:21:09,967 --> 00:21:12,166 It would have been in the Royal Quarter. 417 00:21:12,166 --> 00:21:14,200 [Josh] The Royal Quarter of Alexandria 418 00:21:14,200 --> 00:21:18,266 extended from some point along the harbor into the center of the city. 419 00:21:18,266 --> 00:21:20,867 It was home to palaces and tombs. 420 00:21:20,867 --> 00:21:24,867 Including the artifact-filled Soma of Alexander. 421 00:21:24,867 --> 00:21:30,000 The Royal Quarter would've been somewhere in here. So why are we on a boat? 422 00:21:30,000 --> 00:21:33,767 [Mohammed] Not all of the Royal Quarter is on land 423 00:21:33,767 --> 00:21:36,100 because part of Alexandria is underneath us. 424 00:21:36,100 --> 00:21:37,767 -Under the water? -Under the water, yeah. 425 00:21:37,767 --> 00:21:39,166 Why is it underwater? 426 00:21:39,166 --> 00:21:41,166 Ask the Greeks and tsunamis. 427 00:21:42,767 --> 00:21:46,700 [Josh] For all its glory, ancient Alexandria couldn't stop nature. 428 00:21:46,700 --> 00:21:51,500 In the year 365, over six centuries after Alexander's death, 429 00:21:51,500 --> 00:21:54,300 a powerful quake unleashes a tsunami, 430 00:21:54,300 --> 00:21:58,100 that devastates the capital and leaves thousands dead. 431 00:21:58,100 --> 00:22:01,934 When it draws back, part of the city collapses into the sea. 432 00:22:03,667 --> 00:22:07,367 So is Alexander's tomb underwater in the harbor? 433 00:22:07,367 --> 00:22:10,767 It could be right underneath us. Many things have been found here. 434 00:22:10,767 --> 00:22:12,867 -Do you want to find it? -Please. 435 00:22:14,400 --> 00:22:17,166 We know the edge of the city collapsed into the sea. 436 00:22:17,166 --> 00:22:21,467 But did the Royal Quarter fall in and take the tomb with it? 437 00:22:21,467 --> 00:22:25,767 To find out. Mohammed is taking me on a search for monuments, statues 438 00:22:25,767 --> 00:22:28,667 and other royal architecture beneath the surface. 439 00:22:28,667 --> 00:22:30,767 Time to suit up and dive. 440 00:22:39,367 --> 00:22:43,467 [Josh speaking] 441 00:22:43,467 --> 00:22:44,867 [Mohammed speaking] 442 00:22:44,867 --> 00:22:46,834 [Josh speaking] 443 00:23:02,100 --> 00:23:05,100 [Mohammed speaking] 444 00:23:05,100 --> 00:23:07,934 [Josh and Mohammed speaking] 445 00:23:09,266 --> 00:23:12,066 [Josh speaking] 446 00:23:12,467 --> 00:23:15,133 [Mohammed speaking] 447 00:23:18,567 --> 00:23:21,734 [Josh speaking] 448 00:23:25,967 --> 00:23:28,233 [Mohammed speaking] 449 00:23:30,667 --> 00:23:33,233 [Josh speaking] 450 00:23:37,266 --> 00:23:40,634 [Josh] In such a target-rich environment, it's easy to get excited. 451 00:23:41,467 --> 00:23:42,734 Perhaps a little too easy. 452 00:23:43,467 --> 00:23:45,600 [Josh speaking] 453 00:23:45,600 --> 00:23:47,000 [Mohammed speaking] 454 00:23:47,000 --> 00:23:49,300 [Josh speaking] 455 00:23:49,300 --> 00:23:50,667 [Mohammed speaking] 456 00:23:50,667 --> 00:23:52,333 [Josh speaking] 457 00:23:53,166 --> 00:23:54,734 [both laugh] 458 00:23:57,166 --> 00:23:59,333 [Josh] We continue on into the gloom. 459 00:24:01,066 --> 00:24:04,900 The earthquake that struck here did more than just collapse a road. 460 00:24:04,900 --> 00:24:07,567 It changed the face of the earth itself. 461 00:24:08,066 --> 00:24:10,467 [Mohammed speaking] 462 00:24:10,467 --> 00:24:12,700 [Josh speaking] 463 00:24:12,700 --> 00:24:16,033 [Mohammed speaking] 464 00:24:21,700 --> 00:24:24,467 [Josh] We follow the seafloor as it slopes down, 465 00:24:24,467 --> 00:24:27,000 but the bottom appears featureless. 466 00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:28,300 I'm about ready to give up hope 467 00:24:28,300 --> 00:24:31,367 that anything significant is here, and then... 468 00:24:31,667 --> 00:24:33,767 [Josh speaking] 469 00:24:45,066 --> 00:24:46,467 [Josh speaking] 470 00:24:46,467 --> 00:24:48,667 [Mohammed and Josh speaking] 471 00:24:49,066 --> 00:24:51,300 [Josh speaking] 472 00:24:51,300 --> 00:24:54,166 [Mohammed speaking] 473 00:24:54,166 --> 00:24:56,467 [Josh speaking] 474 00:24:56,467 --> 00:24:59,300 [Josh] We're beneath the surface of Alexandria's harbor 475 00:24:59,300 --> 00:25:03,667 exploring a section of the ancient city that sank after an earthquake. 476 00:25:03,667 --> 00:25:06,800 The lost, treasure filled tomb of Alexander the Great 477 00:25:06,800 --> 00:25:09,767 was in the so called Royal Quarter of the city. 478 00:25:09,767 --> 00:25:13,133 An area filled with grand architecture and statues. 479 00:25:13,467 --> 00:25:15,333 [Josh speaking] 480 00:25:15,867 --> 00:25:17,200 [Josh] Could this be it? 481 00:25:17,200 --> 00:25:20,333 We're seeing signs of monumental construction. 482 00:25:21,667 --> 00:25:22,767 [Mohammed speaking] 483 00:25:23,367 --> 00:25:25,467 [Josh speaking] 484 00:25:29,200 --> 00:25:31,967 [Mohammed and Josh speaking] 485 00:25:31,967 --> 00:25:34,300 [Mohammed speaking] 486 00:25:34,300 --> 00:25:37,000 [Josh] A column comparable to Pompey's Pillar 487 00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:40,567 shows that the ruins here are from something massive. 488 00:25:40,567 --> 00:25:42,767 Could it be from Alexander's tomb? 489 00:25:46,100 --> 00:25:48,767 [Josh speaking] 490 00:26:02,767 --> 00:26:07,367 [Mohammed speaking] 491 00:26:07,367 --> 00:26:12,066 [Josh] A colonnade of columns could indicate an important ceremonial building. 492 00:26:17,567 --> 00:26:20,333 [Mohammed speaking] 493 00:26:20,767 --> 00:26:23,000 [Josh speaking] 494 00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:25,233 [Mohammed speaking] 495 00:26:27,500 --> 00:26:30,900 [Josh and Mohammed speaking] 496 00:26:30,900 --> 00:26:34,767 [Josh] Stone sphinxes like this are hallmarks of ancient Egypt, 497 00:26:34,767 --> 00:26:38,166 and were often placed in front of sacred buildings. 498 00:26:38,166 --> 00:26:39,634 [Josh speaking] 499 00:26:49,567 --> 00:26:51,967 [Mohammed speaking] 500 00:26:54,600 --> 00:26:56,266 [Josh speaking] 501 00:26:56,266 --> 00:27:00,100 [Josh] Now on display in Alexandria's Graeco Roman museum, 502 00:27:00,100 --> 00:27:02,266 is the head of Alexander the Great 503 00:27:02,266 --> 00:27:05,867 that once sat atop a massive but missing statue. 504 00:27:07,567 --> 00:27:10,834 [Josh speaking] 505 00:27:12,266 --> 00:27:13,634 [Mohammed speaking] 506 00:27:25,667 --> 00:27:27,634 [Josh and Mohammed speaking] 507 00:27:28,500 --> 00:27:30,133 [Josh speaking] 508 00:27:37,467 --> 00:27:40,567 [Mohammed speaking] 509 00:27:40,567 --> 00:27:43,200 [Josh] Egyptian obelisks heralded significant events 510 00:27:43,200 --> 00:27:45,400 or the great deeds of an individual. 511 00:27:45,400 --> 00:27:49,834 This one, over 4000 years old, long predates Alexander. 512 00:27:52,667 --> 00:27:55,767 But it turns out there are even bigger things down here. 513 00:27:56,667 --> 00:27:57,834 [Mohammed speaking] 514 00:28:00,066 --> 00:28:02,333 [Josh speaking] 515 00:28:07,367 --> 00:28:10,867 [Mohammed speaking] 516 00:28:10,867 --> 00:28:14,166 [Josh speaking] 517 00:28:14,166 --> 00:28:18,166 [Josh] These are the remains of one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. 518 00:28:18,166 --> 00:28:21,000 The soaring structure synonymous with the city 519 00:28:21,000 --> 00:28:23,967 that Alexander the Great dreamed into reality. 520 00:28:24,667 --> 00:28:27,266 [Josh speaking] 521 00:28:34,000 --> 00:28:35,967 [Mohammed speaking] 522 00:28:36,800 --> 00:28:39,166 [Josh] Unfortunately, this once soaring tower 523 00:28:39,166 --> 00:28:44,100 is now sitting atop the rest of the ruined city like gigantic Jenga blocks, 524 00:28:44,100 --> 00:28:46,500 meaning if Alexander is down here, 525 00:28:46,500 --> 00:28:49,367 he's not going to be easy to get to. 526 00:28:49,367 --> 00:28:52,333 [Josh speaking] 527 00:29:02,900 --> 00:29:06,467 [Mohammed speaking] 528 00:29:06,867 --> 00:29:10,266 [Josh speaking] 529 00:29:10,266 --> 00:29:11,734 [Mohammed speaking] 530 00:29:21,367 --> 00:29:25,400 [Josh] These waters are an archaeologist's dream... or nightmare. 531 00:29:25,400 --> 00:29:29,667 It's a jumbled heap of history lurking beneath the busy modern harbor. 532 00:29:29,667 --> 00:29:32,767 As for Alexander, while the edge of his city's Royal Quarter 533 00:29:32,767 --> 00:29:34,400 may have collapsed into the sea, 534 00:29:34,400 --> 00:29:37,467 it's likely that much of it remains on dry land, 535 00:29:37,467 --> 00:29:39,066 hidden not beneath the waves, 536 00:29:39,066 --> 00:29:42,000 but beneath modern Alexandria itself. 537 00:29:42,000 --> 00:29:46,233 And there's an archaeologist convinced she'll find Alexander's tomb there. 538 00:29:50,300 --> 00:29:53,000 In a literal traffic circle in the middle of town, 539 00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:56,100 I meet archeologist Dr. Calliope Papakosta. 540 00:29:56,100 --> 00:29:59,166 Nice... nice quiet spot. [chuckles] 541 00:29:59,166 --> 00:30:01,166 But we're meeting here for a reason, 542 00:30:01,166 --> 00:30:03,734 and he's sitting proudly atop his horse. 543 00:30:05,867 --> 00:30:07,500 -Is this the man? -This is the man. 544 00:30:07,500 --> 00:30:10,967 -Alexander the Great? -The modern statue of Alexander the Great, 545 00:30:10,967 --> 00:30:13,667 offered by the Greeks to the city of Alexandria. 546 00:30:13,667 --> 00:30:17,700 [Josh] Calliope probably knows more about Alexander than anyone in this town. 547 00:30:17,700 --> 00:30:22,800 After all, she's been searching for his tomb here for nearly 30 years. 548 00:30:22,800 --> 00:30:24,867 -So this is not his tomb? -Of course, not. 549 00:30:24,867 --> 00:30:27,300 Okay, so, I have questions about this tomb. 550 00:30:27,300 --> 00:30:30,767 Do we know what it looks like? Did anybody describe it? 551 00:30:30,767 --> 00:30:33,467 -Yes, but we don't have a lot of information. -Okay. 552 00:30:33,467 --> 00:30:39,867 It was constructed by Ptolemy IV about 200 BC. 553 00:30:39,867 --> 00:30:44,066 [Josh] The tomb, or Soma, was described by the Greek philosopher Strabo 554 00:30:44,066 --> 00:30:46,667 as one of the larger buildings in the Royal Quarter, 555 00:30:46,667 --> 00:30:49,166 surrounded by a fortification wall. 556 00:30:49,166 --> 00:30:52,634 A tomb not just fit for a king, but a god. 557 00:30:54,166 --> 00:30:55,767 So now, the million dollar question. 558 00:30:55,767 --> 00:30:57,300 Where is this tomb? 559 00:30:57,300 --> 00:31:00,367 Wh... why are we here in the middle of this traffic circle? 560 00:31:00,767 --> 00:31:03,734 [speaking in English] 561 00:31:04,667 --> 00:31:07,300 -Okay. Okay. -Let me show you the map. 562 00:31:07,300 --> 00:31:09,767 So this is the 1800s before all of these big, 563 00:31:09,767 --> 00:31:12,100 -modern buildings were here. -[Calliope] Exactly. Exactly. 564 00:31:12,100 --> 00:31:16,100 [Josh] In red, the map shows Alexandria as it stood in the 1800s 565 00:31:16,100 --> 00:31:21,166 and in black, the surveyor was able to trace the remnants of the Roman roads. 566 00:31:21,166 --> 00:31:24,700 -Which was built on top of the Greek city. -[Calliope] Exactly. 567 00:31:24,700 --> 00:31:27,867 In this map, two streets were the same. 568 00:31:27,867 --> 00:31:31,266 This one is the main east-west street. 569 00:31:31,266 --> 00:31:33,000 [Josh] And this is the Canopic Street? 570 00:31:33,000 --> 00:31:34,266 [Calliope] The Canopic Street. 571 00:31:34,266 --> 00:31:36,767 This was the main drag and still is? 572 00:31:36,767 --> 00:31:37,867 -[Calliope] Yes. -[Josh] Okay. 573 00:31:37,867 --> 00:31:40,700 The other important street that was intersecting 574 00:31:40,700 --> 00:31:44,266 the Canopic one was the royal one, 575 00:31:44,266 --> 00:31:47,667 -with a direction from the north to the south. -[Josh] Okay. 576 00:31:47,667 --> 00:31:50,000 It's very important to say that these two streets 577 00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:53,166 were designed, planned, by Alexander himself. 578 00:31:53,166 --> 00:31:56,767 Right. So this is the main intersection of Alexander's city, 579 00:31:56,767 --> 00:31:59,500 -and we're not far from there. -[Calliope] Exactly. 580 00:31:59,500 --> 00:32:00,667 [Josh] In the third century, 581 00:32:00,667 --> 00:32:03,967 Greek writer Achilles Tatius describes the intersection 582 00:32:03,967 --> 00:32:06,367 of these streets as the center of the city. 583 00:32:06,367 --> 00:32:08,467 And adds that from this crossing, 584 00:32:08,467 --> 00:32:12,166 he walked 200 yards to the tomb of Alexander. 585 00:32:13,166 --> 00:32:15,967 So this is a huge clue because it means that 586 00:32:15,967 --> 00:32:18,700 just a few hundred feet from this intersection, 587 00:32:18,700 --> 00:32:20,400 we should have the tomb of Alexander. 588 00:32:20,400 --> 00:32:22,900 Yes, according to Achilles Tatius. 589 00:32:22,900 --> 00:32:24,867 So, is that where you started digging? 590 00:32:24,867 --> 00:32:29,867 I started there because it's an area never excavated before. 591 00:32:29,867 --> 00:32:31,767 And what have you found there? 592 00:32:31,767 --> 00:32:34,266 -Come on, I will show you. -[Josh] You'll show me? 593 00:32:34,266 --> 00:32:36,533 -Yeah. -I can't wait to see. Come on, please. 594 00:32:40,166 --> 00:32:41,600 We wait for the light to change 595 00:32:41,600 --> 00:32:44,467 and take a brisk walk to the excavation site nearby. 596 00:32:44,467 --> 00:32:48,000 And from the moment we arrive, it's clear that Calliope and her team 597 00:32:48,000 --> 00:32:50,500 have been very, very busy. 598 00:32:50,500 --> 00:32:54,533 [chuckles in excitement] Wow, look at this place! 599 00:32:55,467 --> 00:32:57,867 -It's amazing! -[Calliope] It's huge. 600 00:33:01,667 --> 00:33:04,100 [Josh] You're, like, excavating a city down here. 601 00:33:04,100 --> 00:33:05,667 [Calliope] It's the royal city. 602 00:33:05,667 --> 00:33:09,266 [Josh] An army of workers, a flurry of activity. 603 00:33:09,266 --> 00:33:11,667 Welcome to what is, or was, 604 00:33:11,667 --> 00:33:13,867 known as Shallalat Gardens. 605 00:33:15,100 --> 00:33:17,567 Hold on a second, my mind is blown here. 606 00:33:17,567 --> 00:33:20,467 -So, the level of the ground is up there. -[Calliope] Yes. 607 00:33:20,467 --> 00:33:23,266 -[Josh] And now we're what? -[Calliope] We are thirty feet down. 608 00:33:23,266 --> 00:33:25,000 [Josh] Thirty feet underground here. 609 00:33:25,000 --> 00:33:26,467 -This was just what, a park? -And... 610 00:33:26,467 --> 00:33:28,900 A park, a very nice green grass, 611 00:33:28,900 --> 00:33:32,266 flowers, trees, and I destroyed them. 612 00:33:32,266 --> 00:33:34,433 [laughing] 613 00:33:35,367 --> 00:33:37,800 [Josh] Or more accurately, she revealed it. 614 00:33:37,800 --> 00:33:40,867 Her excavations uncovered a perfectly preserved 615 00:33:40,867 --> 00:33:43,300 ancient Roman road called L2 616 00:33:43,300 --> 00:33:45,900 that runs parallel to the Canopic Way, 617 00:33:45,900 --> 00:33:48,500 the main thoroughfare of the ancient city. 618 00:33:48,500 --> 00:33:52,500 Incredibly, deeper down, she also uncovered this. 619 00:33:52,500 --> 00:33:57,767 R-1, the major road imagined by Alexander himself. 620 00:33:57,767 --> 00:34:02,000 This intersection puts us back in time more than 2,000 years 621 00:34:02,000 --> 00:34:05,233 near where ancient accounts place Alexander's tomb. 622 00:34:06,967 --> 00:34:08,400 It's a huge find, 623 00:34:08,400 --> 00:34:11,767 but there's a reason nobody else has dug down this far. 624 00:34:13,667 --> 00:34:17,700 It was not easy because when we went down about 20 feet, 625 00:34:17,700 --> 00:34:19,767 we arrive to the water table. 626 00:34:19,767 --> 00:34:21,467 -Oh, so it was flooded? -Yes. 627 00:34:21,467 --> 00:34:23,400 And is that why these many pumps are here? 628 00:34:23,400 --> 00:34:25,967 [Calliope] Yes, there are pumps all around. 629 00:34:25,967 --> 00:34:27,767 -[Josh] Still pumping out the water? -[Calliope] We... Yes. 630 00:34:27,767 --> 00:34:30,867 Twenty-four hours per day, 365 days per year. 631 00:34:30,867 --> 00:34:32,300 [Josh] And without these pumps? 632 00:34:32,300 --> 00:34:35,367 -[Calliope] We have a lake here. -[Josh] Wow. 633 00:34:35,367 --> 00:34:38,900 And how long were you digging? 634 00:34:38,900 --> 00:34:41,100 -Years. -[laughs] 635 00:34:41,100 --> 00:34:43,467 -Years and years. -Years. Years and years. 636 00:34:43,467 --> 00:34:46,867 But hold on, once you hit this water table and you're trying to pump out 637 00:34:46,867 --> 00:34:49,700 this water and keep digging, were people telling you, 638 00:34:49,700 --> 00:34:52,600 "Calliope, enough. There's nothing here." 639 00:34:52,600 --> 00:34:54,066 No, they told me, "You are crazy." 640 00:34:54,066 --> 00:34:56,867 -[Josh laughs] I was being polite. -[chuckles] 641 00:34:56,867 --> 00:34:59,467 But this is the secret of success 642 00:34:59,467 --> 00:35:02,867 because all archeological missions in Alexandria 643 00:35:02,867 --> 00:35:05,700 -stop when they arrive to the water table. -[Josh] Hmm. 644 00:35:05,700 --> 00:35:08,667 But that means they will never find 645 00:35:08,667 --> 00:35:10,467 -the Hellenistic layer... -[Josh] Right. 646 00:35:10,467 --> 00:35:13,567 ...because the Hellenistic layer is under the water table. 647 00:35:13,567 --> 00:35:14,867 Right. 648 00:35:14,867 --> 00:35:17,100 The Hellenistic, or Greek layer, 649 00:35:17,100 --> 00:35:18,800 the one from Alexander's day, 650 00:35:18,800 --> 00:35:22,333 has been buried and built upon over thousands of years. 651 00:35:23,266 --> 00:35:25,567 So, you have to be crazy to find Alexander. 652 00:35:26,266 --> 00:35:28,967 -Uh, I don't say, "crazy." -[laughs] 653 00:35:28,967 --> 00:35:30,667 -I am a dreamer. -A dreamer. 654 00:35:30,667 --> 00:35:33,867 So, after 40 years of digging in Alexandria 655 00:35:33,867 --> 00:35:36,000 and two years digging in Shallalat, 656 00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:38,066 we started digging down there. 657 00:35:38,066 --> 00:35:40,667 -We arrived to 30 feet depth. -[Josh] Okay. 658 00:35:40,667 --> 00:35:43,367 It was the moment that I was exhausted, tired, 659 00:35:43,367 --> 00:35:45,600 and I thought, "I should stop." 660 00:35:45,600 --> 00:35:48,200 And that day, in the end of the day, 661 00:35:48,200 --> 00:35:52,000 the soil collapsed and a small piece of marble appeared. 662 00:35:52,000 --> 00:35:54,900 [Josh] So, you see this piece of marble sticking out of the wall. 663 00:35:54,900 --> 00:35:57,066 And did you know what it was? 664 00:35:57,066 --> 00:36:00,367 No, of course, we understood it is a sculpture. 665 00:36:00,367 --> 00:36:02,567 -It's not just a piece of marble. -[Josh] Right. 666 00:36:02,567 --> 00:36:04,767 [Calliope] Then we realized it was a knee. 667 00:36:04,767 --> 00:36:08,467 I took a brush and started cleaning. 668 00:36:08,467 --> 00:36:11,000 And then I cleaned all the face, 669 00:36:11,000 --> 00:36:14,667 and at that time I thought, "We looked each other." 670 00:36:14,667 --> 00:36:15,800 [Josh] Hmm. 671 00:36:15,800 --> 00:36:19,200 "And this moment is the most important moment of my life." 672 00:36:19,200 --> 00:36:22,100 -It was the statue... -Of Alexander? 673 00:36:22,100 --> 00:36:24,667 It's a masterpiece. 674 00:36:24,667 --> 00:36:28,200 [Josh] The largely intact statue is now a prominent exhibit 675 00:36:28,200 --> 00:36:30,867 in Alexandria's Graeco Roman Museum. 676 00:36:30,867 --> 00:36:34,867 It is believed to be from the school of Lysippos Sicyon, 677 00:36:34,867 --> 00:36:38,500 the favored sculptor of Alexander himself. 678 00:36:38,500 --> 00:36:41,467 I believe this is the real face of Alexander. 679 00:36:41,467 --> 00:36:43,667 This is a common story in archaeology. 680 00:36:43,667 --> 00:36:46,867 That right when an archaeologist is about to give up, 681 00:36:46,867 --> 00:36:49,166 the hand of providence seems to appear. 682 00:36:49,166 --> 00:36:51,567 This happens to me all the time. 683 00:36:51,567 --> 00:36:53,367 -So I... -[indistinct background chatter] 684 00:36:53,367 --> 00:36:55,467 -[Calliope] Okay, I'm coming. -They found something? 685 00:36:55,467 --> 00:36:57,367 -Yeah, maybe. Let's go. -Okay. Let's see. 686 00:36:57,367 --> 00:36:58,533 Please. 687 00:37:01,266 --> 00:37:02,467 What do we have? 688 00:37:02,467 --> 00:37:04,300 [Calliope] So, what is it, Mahmoud? 689 00:37:04,300 --> 00:37:06,266 [Josh] Oh, there's something there. 690 00:37:06,266 --> 00:37:08,200 [Calliope] Oh, my God, it's being... 691 00:37:08,200 --> 00:37:09,467 [Josh] What is it? 692 00:37:09,467 --> 00:37:11,467 -Is it a coin? -[Calliope] It's a coin. 693 00:37:18,266 --> 00:37:20,266 -It is a coin. -[Calliope] Hmm! 694 00:37:20,266 --> 00:37:21,567 And big one. 695 00:37:21,567 --> 00:37:24,266 [Josh] Calliope Papakosta has been excavating 696 00:37:24,266 --> 00:37:26,367 deep beneath Alexandria, Egypt, 697 00:37:26,367 --> 00:37:29,266 searching for the greatest prize in archaeology. 698 00:37:29,266 --> 00:37:32,066 The treasure-laden tomb of the city's founder, 699 00:37:32,066 --> 00:37:35,000 the conqueror Alexander the Great. 700 00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:37,667 Now, chief restorer Mahmoud Samir 701 00:37:37,667 --> 00:37:41,100 has found something they hope is from the Hellenistic period, 702 00:37:41,100 --> 00:37:44,700 when Alexander ruled this city as a god on earth. 703 00:37:44,700 --> 00:37:46,900 -May I? -[Calliope chuckles] Of course. 704 00:37:46,900 --> 00:37:49,667 -Look at that! -[Calliope] It's bronze. 705 00:37:49,667 --> 00:37:53,300 [Josh] Bronze coin? Any idea from when? 706 00:37:53,300 --> 00:37:55,800 From the size, I think it's a Ptolemaic period, 707 00:37:55,800 --> 00:37:58,166 more than 2,000 years old. 708 00:37:58,166 --> 00:38:01,100 You know, just a 2,000-year-old coin. 709 00:38:01,100 --> 00:38:02,467 -No big deal. -[laughs] 710 00:38:02,467 --> 00:38:05,300 [Josh] The coin reinforces Calliope's position 711 00:38:05,300 --> 00:38:08,266 that we are digging in the Hellenistic period of the city, 712 00:38:08,266 --> 00:38:10,700 the time when the Ptolemaic pharaohs 713 00:38:10,700 --> 00:38:12,567 built Alexander's tomb. 714 00:38:12,567 --> 00:38:14,166 -Yeah, what else is here? -What is here? 715 00:38:14,800 --> 00:38:16,066 [Josh] Oh, more? 716 00:38:16,066 --> 00:38:18,400 [Calliope chuckles] No, this is marble. 717 00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:21,567 Any marble we find here, we know it's not Egyptian. 718 00:38:21,567 --> 00:38:23,200 -[Josh] Right, there's no marble in Egypt. -Yeah. 719 00:38:23,200 --> 00:38:25,900 -There's no marble in Egypt. -So, we know it's important. 720 00:38:25,900 --> 00:38:27,266 -We know it's something special. -[Calliope] Yes, yes. 721 00:38:27,266 --> 00:38:29,500 -[excitedly] Ooh, look at this! Ah! -Oh, my God! Look at this. 722 00:38:29,500 --> 00:38:33,066 -Great. Great. -Incredible. 723 00:38:33,066 --> 00:38:35,266 [Josh] So this, this is, like, an architectural element? 724 00:38:35,266 --> 00:38:38,166 [Calliope] It's a floral design. 725 00:38:38,166 --> 00:38:41,367 This is perfect. Maybe it's a part of a capital, 726 00:38:41,367 --> 00:38:43,567 a Corinthian capital. 727 00:38:43,567 --> 00:38:46,367 [Josh] A capital is the topmost piece of a column 728 00:38:46,367 --> 00:38:49,100 and is usually the most decorative part as well. 729 00:38:49,100 --> 00:38:53,333 This fragment is a clue that something much larger once stood here. 730 00:38:54,600 --> 00:38:55,800 Stunning. 731 00:38:55,800 --> 00:38:59,867 While Mahmoud's team continues excavating this hot spot, 732 00:38:59,867 --> 00:39:03,166 Calliope brings me back over to the edge of her dig 733 00:39:03,166 --> 00:39:06,500 to show me what may be the centerpiece of the site. 734 00:39:06,500 --> 00:39:09,667 We have these huge limestone blocks here. 735 00:39:09,667 --> 00:39:11,300 This is what, like, a foundation? 736 00:39:11,300 --> 00:39:16,367 It is the foundation stones of a monumental construction. 737 00:39:16,367 --> 00:39:18,166 -This was the foundation of a building? -Yeah. 738 00:39:18,166 --> 00:39:21,166 [Josh] The size of these foundation stones indicates 739 00:39:21,166 --> 00:39:24,100 that there must have been something quite big here, yes? 740 00:39:24,100 --> 00:39:28,600 This base was made for a building very tall and very big. 741 00:39:28,600 --> 00:39:30,767 Yes. What is the extent of this? 742 00:39:30,767 --> 00:39:32,900 Help me understand how big this building was. 743 00:39:32,900 --> 00:39:37,100 -[Calliope] This part is the south end of the building. -[Josh] Okay. 744 00:39:37,100 --> 00:39:43,300 [Calliope] And we have one line of limestone blocks of about 140 feet. 745 00:39:43,300 --> 00:39:45,000 [Josh] This building's 140 feet long? 746 00:39:45,000 --> 00:39:46,266 -[Calliope] Length, yes. -[Josh] Okay. 747 00:39:46,266 --> 00:39:47,867 This is a huge building. 748 00:39:47,867 --> 00:39:51,000 It looks like the sides of the buildings, here and here, 749 00:39:51,000 --> 00:39:53,700 -they go into this. This is unexcavated. -[Calliope] Yes. 750 00:39:53,700 --> 00:39:54,767 -Where is that part of the building? -Yes. 751 00:39:54,767 --> 00:39:56,700 This is the difficult part of the work 752 00:39:56,700 --> 00:39:59,367 because we are very close to the modern street 753 00:39:59,367 --> 00:40:01,200 -and this huge building. -[Josh] Right. 754 00:40:01,200 --> 00:40:04,166 Right, there's literally a massive, modern building in a street here, 755 00:40:04,166 --> 00:40:06,467 -so you can't exactly knock that down. -No, we cannot. 756 00:40:06,467 --> 00:40:10,000 [Josh] The size of the ancient structure and, therefore, its importance, 757 00:40:10,000 --> 00:40:13,700 can't be fully measured without reaching its buried north wall. 758 00:40:13,700 --> 00:40:16,900 But providence is once again on Calliope's side. 759 00:40:16,900 --> 00:40:21,800 But we were lucky because recently we found a late-Hellenistic tunnel. 760 00:40:21,800 --> 00:40:23,467 -You found a tunnel? -A tunnel. 761 00:40:23,467 --> 00:40:24,667 What kind of tunnel? 762 00:40:24,667 --> 00:40:27,767 It's an arched way of construction. 763 00:40:27,767 --> 00:40:30,166 Possibly, it is for water use. 764 00:40:30,166 --> 00:40:32,266 And how far does this tunnel go? 765 00:40:32,266 --> 00:40:34,166 How far can you excavate it? 766 00:40:34,166 --> 00:40:35,367 We don't know. 767 00:40:35,367 --> 00:40:37,266 The excavation is in progress. 768 00:40:37,266 --> 00:40:38,667 -In the tunnel? -[Calliope] In the tunnel. 769 00:40:38,667 --> 00:40:40,166 -Can I see? -Of course. 770 00:40:42,367 --> 00:40:44,467 [Josh] Calliope brings me over to the tunnel, 771 00:40:44,467 --> 00:40:46,467 which will hopefully show us how large 772 00:40:46,467 --> 00:40:48,667 the mystery building on her site is. 773 00:40:48,667 --> 00:40:51,367 Mahmoud is prepared for us to explore. 774 00:40:51,367 --> 00:40:52,767 Ooh, this? 775 00:40:52,767 --> 00:40:54,667 [Calliope] Yeah, this is the entrance. 776 00:40:54,667 --> 00:40:56,667 And this tunnel, you did not dig this. 777 00:40:56,667 --> 00:40:58,400 This looks like old construction. 778 00:40:58,400 --> 00:41:00,066 -It's an aqueduct, yes. -[Josh] Ah-ha. 779 00:41:00,066 --> 00:41:02,000 This is a game-changer. 780 00:41:02,000 --> 00:41:04,667 At some point after the year 30 B.C., 781 00:41:04,667 --> 00:41:06,767 when Rome took control of Egypt, 782 00:41:06,767 --> 00:41:09,567 engineers built a water tunnel, or aqueduct, 783 00:41:09,567 --> 00:41:12,066 right along the edge of this site. 784 00:41:12,066 --> 00:41:15,367 And so, we can use the tunnel to see where the building goes? 785 00:41:15,367 --> 00:41:17,200 Yes, Mahmoud will help you. 786 00:41:17,200 --> 00:41:18,667 -You'll take me in? -[Mahmoud] Of course. 787 00:41:18,667 --> 00:41:20,400 -Are you coming? -No, please. 788 00:41:20,400 --> 00:41:22,400 -But I... -Wait, why no? 789 00:41:22,400 --> 00:41:24,166 It's your turn now to go inside. 790 00:41:24,166 --> 00:41:26,066 -You'll be up here if I need you? -[Calliope] Waiting for you. 791 00:41:26,066 --> 00:41:28,867 -Waiting. [laughs] -Waiting for you, nervously waiting for you. [laughs] 792 00:41:28,867 --> 00:41:30,634 Okay, Mahmoud, I'm coming down. 793 00:41:32,400 --> 00:41:33,533 Okay. 794 00:41:35,367 --> 00:41:36,700 So, let's see here. 795 00:41:36,700 --> 00:41:38,066 Oh, look at this thing. 796 00:41:38,066 --> 00:41:40,100 Okay, so we have some of the groundwater in here. 797 00:41:40,100 --> 00:41:42,100 -How deep is this? -[speaks other language] 798 00:41:42,100 --> 00:41:43,600 -Just past the ankle, okay. -[in English] Yeah, yeah. 799 00:41:43,600 --> 00:41:45,000 -[Josh] Rubber boots? -[Mahmoud] Yes. 800 00:41:45,000 --> 00:41:46,667 [Josh] Yeah, okay. 801 00:41:47,767 --> 00:41:49,367 To keep the tunnel passable, 802 00:41:49,367 --> 00:41:51,767 pumps are running 24 hours a day, 803 00:41:51,767 --> 00:41:55,066 pulling ground water out so we can go in. 804 00:41:56,467 --> 00:41:58,066 Okay, here we go. 805 00:42:01,300 --> 00:42:03,166 This is what? What is this? 806 00:42:04,467 --> 00:42:05,567 -[Josh] Air vent system. -[Mahmoud] Yeah. 807 00:42:05,567 --> 00:42:08,033 -So this is pumping fresh air in here? -[Mahmoud] Yeah. 808 00:42:08,867 --> 00:42:10,333 Not enough, okay. 809 00:42:11,867 --> 00:42:14,300 Maybe that's some trivia you keep to yourself, Mahmoud. 810 00:42:14,300 --> 00:42:16,634 -[both laugh] -Let's keep moving, come on. 811 00:42:20,967 --> 00:42:24,667 We slowly advance, feeling the literal weight of centuries 812 00:42:24,667 --> 00:42:27,000 suspended directly over our heads. 813 00:42:27,000 --> 00:42:29,000 To help make things even more interesting, 814 00:42:29,000 --> 00:42:31,500 the passage gets tighter as we go. 815 00:42:31,500 --> 00:42:34,066 -[Mahmoud speaking] -[Josh] Ah-ha. 816 00:42:34,066 --> 00:42:36,567 -This is the ceiling of the aqueduct. -[Mahmoud] Yes. 817 00:42:37,867 --> 00:42:40,000 [Josh] Okay, and we're going in there? 818 00:42:40,000 --> 00:42:41,500 [Mahmoud speaks] 819 00:42:41,500 --> 00:42:44,166 -Take care about my head, how about my body? -[Mahmoud chuckles] 820 00:42:44,166 --> 00:42:45,533 I'm not gonna fit in there. 821 00:42:48,100 --> 00:42:51,867 This, this is about as tight as it gets. 822 00:42:53,467 --> 00:42:56,166 [grunting, panting] 823 00:43:00,600 --> 00:43:03,166 Okay, it's opening up a little. 824 00:43:10,166 --> 00:43:13,533 Oh, this is insane! 825 00:43:16,367 --> 00:43:18,767 -[cars honking] -[Josh] Alexandria's streets are alive 826 00:43:18,767 --> 00:43:22,567 with the sound of horns from hundreds of black and yellow taxicabs. 827 00:43:22,567 --> 00:43:26,900 My local producer, Mohammed, teaches me how to honk like an Egyptian. 828 00:43:26,900 --> 00:43:28,667 -[car honks once] -Okay, one beep, what's that? 829 00:43:28,667 --> 00:43:31,100 -That means, "I'm here." -It's not angry? 830 00:43:31,100 --> 00:43:32,900 -No. -It's just, "Hey, I'm here." 831 00:43:32,900 --> 00:43:34,567 -[car honks twice] -[Josh] Okay, two beeps. 832 00:43:34,567 --> 00:43:38,100 You make a way for me to pass. You're like, "Thank you." 833 00:43:38,100 --> 00:43:39,400 That's very strange for us. 834 00:43:39,400 --> 00:43:41,400 We think of beeping as aggression, 835 00:43:41,400 --> 00:43:43,400 but two beeps is actually a thank you. 836 00:43:43,400 --> 00:43:45,367 [horn blares thrice] 837 00:43:45,367 --> 00:43:47,500 -And what does that mean? -Beep-beep-beep. 838 00:43:47,500 --> 00:43:50,500 -I love you. -You're literally making this up. 839 00:43:50,500 --> 00:43:51,767 -[honks thrice] -[rhythmically] I love you. 840 00:43:51,767 --> 00:43:54,967 -[both laughing] -[exclaims] Ha! 841 00:43:54,967 --> 00:43:56,967 -Yikes. -[constant honking] 842 00:43:56,967 --> 00:43:59,467 -What happens above three? -It's like, 843 00:44:00,767 --> 00:44:02,667 -[horn honks] -"...you." I'm sorry. 844 00:44:02,667 --> 00:44:03,867 [both laugh] 845 00:44:03,867 --> 00:44:05,367 -That's universal. -Yeah. 846 00:44:05,367 --> 00:44:07,634 -Everybody speaks that language. -[laughing] Everyone. 847 00:44:09,867 --> 00:44:12,734 [dramatic music playing] 848 00:44:17,300 --> 00:44:20,266 [exclaims] Ho! Oh, my word. 849 00:44:20,266 --> 00:44:22,500 This is insane! 850 00:44:22,500 --> 00:44:24,567 I'm treading lightly through the tunnel 851 00:44:24,567 --> 00:44:27,967 of an ancient aqueduct beneath Alexandria, Egypt. 852 00:44:27,967 --> 00:44:30,967 The passage may lead to the northern wall of a building 853 00:44:30,967 --> 00:44:34,867 that could be the long-lost tomb of Alexander the Great. 854 00:44:34,867 --> 00:44:37,867 So, the water tunnel comes through here. 855 00:44:37,867 --> 00:44:40,734 -[Mahmoud] Yes. -[Josh] But then what? You excavated all this? 856 00:44:46,567 --> 00:44:48,634 -To prevent collapse? -Yes. 857 00:44:49,500 --> 00:44:51,734 Okay. What have you found down here? 858 00:44:55,767 --> 00:44:57,500 -[Josh] Oh, these are foundation blocks. -[Mahmoud] Yeah. 859 00:44:57,500 --> 00:44:59,000 Exactly like we see above. 860 00:44:59,000 --> 00:45:01,867 So this is part of that shorter wall, the western wall. 861 00:45:01,867 --> 00:45:04,467 But the hidden part is that big northern edge. 862 00:45:04,467 --> 00:45:06,100 Have you found any of that? 863 00:45:06,100 --> 00:45:07,500 -[Mahmoud speaks] -Yeah. 864 00:45:07,500 --> 00:45:08,834 -[Mahmoud] Yes. -Come on. 865 00:45:14,667 --> 00:45:16,066 So, more stones. 866 00:45:16,066 --> 00:45:18,367 -This is the western wall, yeah? -So, that... 867 00:45:19,400 --> 00:45:20,767 Uh-huh. 868 00:45:20,767 --> 00:45:22,100 Oh, this is the corner! 869 00:45:22,100 --> 00:45:23,300 This is the northern wall. 870 00:45:23,300 --> 00:45:25,700 -Yeah. Yes. -[Josh] You found the blocks of the north walls. 871 00:45:25,700 --> 00:45:27,300 [Josh] Oh, my word! 872 00:45:27,300 --> 00:45:29,166 -This is the other side of the building. -Yes. 873 00:45:29,166 --> 00:45:31,200 [Josh] With the northern wall discovered, 874 00:45:31,200 --> 00:45:33,467 the team here finally has the dimensions 875 00:45:33,467 --> 00:45:35,000 of the mystery building. 876 00:45:35,000 --> 00:45:36,567 It is immense. 877 00:45:36,567 --> 00:45:41,467 Approximately 140 feet long and 110 feet wide. 878 00:45:41,467 --> 00:45:45,000 That's bigger than the outline of an Olympic-sized swimming pool. 879 00:45:45,000 --> 00:45:47,867 It must have been a hugely important building. 880 00:45:47,867 --> 00:45:50,900 And just based on dimensions, it's certainly big enough 881 00:45:50,900 --> 00:45:53,567 to be a tomb fit for Alexander. 882 00:45:55,667 --> 00:45:58,700 -We've got ceramics. And is this plaster? -[Mahmoud] Yeah. 883 00:45:58,700 --> 00:46:01,967 [excitedly] This is painted! Look at this. Look at this. 884 00:46:01,967 --> 00:46:05,066 This is painted plaster. And more. 885 00:46:06,300 --> 00:46:07,867 -Yellow? -Yellow. 886 00:46:07,867 --> 00:46:09,600 Oh, my God. 887 00:46:09,600 --> 00:46:11,467 And also red. 888 00:46:11,467 --> 00:46:13,266 Look at this! 889 00:46:13,266 --> 00:46:16,100 We have red, blue, and yellow plaster. 890 00:46:16,100 --> 00:46:19,867 So, I have seen these colors before in Greece, 891 00:46:19,867 --> 00:46:24,066 in the tomb of Philip the Second, Alexander's father. 892 00:46:24,900 --> 00:46:26,900 And you have found many of these? 893 00:46:26,900 --> 00:46:28,667 This whole thing was painted. 894 00:46:28,667 --> 00:46:32,567 [chuckles] These Greek, Macedonian colors 895 00:46:32,567 --> 00:46:34,266 would have been on the outside of this building. 896 00:46:34,266 --> 00:46:35,900 -[chuckles] -That is amazing. 897 00:46:35,900 --> 00:46:39,867 The exterior paint has survived for centuries underground, 898 00:46:39,867 --> 00:46:43,367 and gives us a tantalizing idea of what this building 899 00:46:43,367 --> 00:46:45,634 might have looked like in antiquity. 900 00:46:54,166 --> 00:46:56,000 This feels deeper than before. 901 00:46:56,000 --> 00:46:57,500 Why is this deeper? 902 00:46:57,500 --> 00:46:59,166 [alarm blares] 903 00:46:59,166 --> 00:47:03,367 [indistinct yelling] 904 00:47:07,367 --> 00:47:08,900 [Calliope] There's a problem. 905 00:47:08,900 --> 00:47:10,266 Please, hurry, tell anyone to... 906 00:47:10,266 --> 00:47:13,200 [indistinct] ...the puddle's filling with water! 907 00:47:13,200 --> 00:47:14,667 Get Josh out now! 908 00:47:14,667 --> 00:47:18,166 [man yells] The pumps are down. You have to get out of the tunnel! 909 00:47:18,600 --> 00:47:20,266 It's time to go, Josh! 910 00:47:20,266 --> 00:47:23,767 Mahmoud. Hold on! 911 00:47:23,767 --> 00:47:26,567 -What? -[man yells] The pumps are broken. Water's-- 912 00:47:26,567 --> 00:47:28,567 -This is flooding. This is flooding! -Whoa. 913 00:47:28,567 --> 00:47:31,567 [Josh] Yes. We go, we go. Come on, come on. Let's get out of here! 914 00:47:31,567 --> 00:47:35,066 [yelling in other language] 915 00:47:39,367 --> 00:47:41,900 Here we go, guys. Come on. Come on. Come on. 916 00:47:41,900 --> 00:47:43,767 [muffled] Keep moving! 917 00:47:43,767 --> 00:47:45,767 We are about to be underwater. 918 00:47:45,767 --> 00:47:47,667 [water bubbling] 919 00:47:47,667 --> 00:47:50,166 [grunting] Gah! [bleep] 920 00:47:51,800 --> 00:47:53,200 Come on! 921 00:47:53,200 --> 00:47:55,066 We're gonna drown in here! 922 00:48:01,100 --> 00:48:04,600 Get ready because Expedition Unknown is back. 923 00:48:04,600 --> 00:48:05,700 Let's do this. 924 00:48:05,700 --> 00:48:07,200 Whoo! 925 00:48:07,200 --> 00:48:10,200 And this season, we're going everywhere. 926 00:48:10,200 --> 00:48:12,000 It's like a whole another room. 927 00:48:12,000 --> 00:48:12,967 We gotta get in there. 928 00:48:12,967 --> 00:48:14,667 From a World War II mystery 929 00:48:14,667 --> 00:48:17,200 that takes me high above the Arctic Circle... 930 00:48:17,200 --> 00:48:19,400 -This is a plane. [laughs] -[man] Yeah. 931 00:48:19,400 --> 00:48:24,300 ...to an urgent hunt for lost American heroes off the Ivory Coast. 932 00:48:24,300 --> 00:48:25,700 Ooh, what is that? 933 00:48:25,700 --> 00:48:27,800 I'm searching on three continents 934 00:48:27,800 --> 00:48:30,066 for the real story behind the saint 935 00:48:30,066 --> 00:48:31,500 who became Santa Claus. 936 00:48:31,500 --> 00:48:33,867 This is a bone from St. Nicholas. 937 00:48:33,867 --> 00:48:34,967 Oh, my word! 938 00:48:34,967 --> 00:48:37,667 And diving remote islands near Zanzibar 939 00:48:37,667 --> 00:48:39,867 to locate Africa's Atlantis. 940 00:48:39,867 --> 00:48:41,900 [over radio] We got pottery here! 941 00:48:41,900 --> 00:48:45,300 [narrating] And on a quest for the missing tomb of Alexander the Great. 942 00:48:45,300 --> 00:48:50,100 New technology reveals secrets that could rewrite history itself. 943 00:48:50,100 --> 00:48:52,367 -[man] That's it. -Oh, my God! 944 00:48:52,367 --> 00:48:55,900 It's all part of an all-new, adventure-packed season 945 00:48:55,900 --> 00:48:57,867 of Expedition Unknown.