1
00:00:02,100 --> 00:00:04,066
-At 20, he takes the throne.
-[man 1] Yes.
2
00:00:04,066 --> 00:00:06,667
And how would you
describe his reign?
3
00:00:06,667 --> 00:00:09,533
The most successful
military campaign
in world history.
4
00:00:11,767 --> 00:00:15,200
This is one of the most famous
people in history,
5
00:00:15,200 --> 00:00:16,667
and we don't know where he is.
6
00:00:16,667 --> 00:00:19,166
We don't know where
his treasure-filled tomb is.
7
00:00:19,166 --> 00:00:21,934
-He might have been right
under your feet, Josh.
-Right here?
8
00:00:24,467 --> 00:00:28,100
[chuckles] Wow.
Look at this place.
9
00:00:28,100 --> 00:00:29,934
You're excavating a city
down here.
10
00:00:33,567 --> 00:00:35,166
And what have you found there?
11
00:00:35,166 --> 00:00:37,634
I believe this is
the real face of Alexander.
12
00:00:39,266 --> 00:00:41,767
Is Alexander's tomb
underwater?
13
00:00:41,767 --> 00:00:44,533
It could be
right underneath us.
Do you want to find it?
14
00:00:46,166 --> 00:00:49,667
[Josh] Incredible. This is
part of the ancient city.
15
00:00:49,667 --> 00:00:50,567
Wait a minute. Are you saying
16
00:00:50,567 --> 00:00:52,467
that the body
of Alexander the Great
17
00:00:52,467 --> 00:00:54,567
is actually in
somebody else's tomb?
18
00:00:54,567 --> 00:00:55,467
Exactly.
19
00:00:55,467 --> 00:00:57,367
All the evidence
points that way.
20
00:00:57,367 --> 00:00:59,700
-That's it.
-Oh, my God.
21
00:00:59,700 --> 00:01:02,767
-Recently we found a tunnel.
-[Josh] You found a tunnel?
22
00:01:03,166 --> 00:01:04,000
Why is this deeper?
23
00:01:05,100 --> 00:01:06,767
[man 2] Tunnel's filling
with water!
24
00:01:06,767 --> 00:01:08,100
Get Josh out now!
25
00:01:08,100 --> 00:01:08,867
Let's get out of here.
26
00:01:09,100 --> 00:01:10,000
[grunts]
27
00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:10,767
[bleep]
28
00:01:11,867 --> 00:01:13,300
I'm gonna drown in here!
29
00:01:30,266 --> 00:01:35,467
Today, Vergina is a quiet town
nestled in the mountains
of northern Greece.
30
00:01:35,467 --> 00:01:37,900
But in antiquity,
this was Aigai,
31
00:01:37,900 --> 00:01:43,500
the capital of a puny,
insignificant, tribal kingdom
known as Macedon.
32
00:01:43,500 --> 00:01:45,100
A bunch of farmers, really.
33
00:01:45,100 --> 00:01:47,367
At least, that's how
they were seen by Athens
34
00:01:47,367 --> 00:01:50,600
and the other powerful
Greek city states
to the south.
35
00:01:50,600 --> 00:01:54,834
But then...
Well, then something
rather extraordinary happens.
36
00:01:57,367 --> 00:02:01,900
From this quiet countryside
bloomed the largest empire
on Earth,
37
00:02:01,900 --> 00:02:04,200
a kingdom
spanning three continents
38
00:02:04,200 --> 00:02:07,934
and encompassing what,
for the Greeks,
was most of the known world.
39
00:02:10,367 --> 00:02:13,600
How? How does Macedon
pull this off?
40
00:02:13,600 --> 00:02:15,367
Well, it doesn't hurt
that they've got
41
00:02:15,367 --> 00:02:18,634
one of the greatest
conquerors in history
leading the charge.
42
00:02:21,867 --> 00:02:27,367
Alexander the Great,
a visionary military tactician
like no other.
43
00:02:27,367 --> 00:02:30,300
He leads his army
from the shores
of the Mediterranean
44
00:02:30,300 --> 00:02:33,066
to the frozen peaks
of the Himalayas.
45
00:02:33,066 --> 00:02:35,200
Along the way,
he's made pharaoh of Egypt,
46
00:02:35,200 --> 00:02:37,567
and topples
the mighty Persian empire.
47
00:02:39,100 --> 00:02:40,367
For a fleeting moment,
48
00:02:40,367 --> 00:02:44,266
Alexander controls more than
two million square miles.
49
00:02:44,266 --> 00:02:49,166
But at the age of 32,
he suddenly falls ill
and dies.
50
00:02:49,166 --> 00:02:51,166
He is buried in a lavish tomb,
51
00:02:51,166 --> 00:02:54,166
surrounded by
the greatest riches
from his empire,
52
00:02:54,166 --> 00:02:57,266
a haul worth untold billions.
53
00:02:57,266 --> 00:03:02,100
And this is where
the world's greatest
missing person's case begins,
54
00:03:02,100 --> 00:03:03,400
because in time,
55
00:03:03,400 --> 00:03:07,567
the treasure-filled tomb
of Alexander,
and his very body,
56
00:03:07,567 --> 00:03:09,100
will become lost.
57
00:03:09,100 --> 00:03:13,166
And countless attempts
to find them have all
come up empty.
58
00:03:13,166 --> 00:03:15,867
But now the search
is hotter than ever,
59
00:03:15,867 --> 00:03:20,867
because a dogged archaeologist
believes she's closing in
on the buried prize.
60
00:03:20,867 --> 00:03:25,200
In another location,
a diver has found evidence
in a sunken city
61
00:03:25,200 --> 00:03:28,166
that the tomb may
be close at hand.
62
00:03:28,166 --> 00:03:30,567
And a determined historian
is convinced
63
00:03:30,567 --> 00:03:35,100
that he's found
Alexander's sarcophagus
and his mummified remains
64
00:03:35,100 --> 00:03:37,533
in the most
unlikely of places.
65
00:03:39,467 --> 00:03:42,867
So buckle up,
'cause we're about
to reignite the hunt
66
00:03:42,867 --> 00:03:45,033
for Alexander the Great.
67
00:03:45,767 --> 00:03:48,133
Whoo-hoo! Let's do it!
68
00:03:52,500 --> 00:03:54,700
The past is all around us.
69
00:03:54,700 --> 00:03:56,567
Oh, this is crazy.
70
00:03:57,200 --> 00:03:58,533
A world of mystery...
71
00:03:59,100 --> 00:03:59,867
This is a plane.
72
00:03:59,867 --> 00:04:01,133
-[man 3] Yeah.
-[laughs triumphantly]
73
00:04:01,767 --> 00:04:02,600
...danger...
74
00:04:02,600 --> 00:04:04,266
We are about to be underwater.
75
00:04:04,266 --> 00:04:05,066
Whoa!
76
00:04:06,467 --> 00:04:07,634
...and adventure.
77
00:04:09,967 --> 00:04:11,567
It's just straight down!
78
00:04:12,800 --> 00:04:14,667
[yelling in fear]
79
00:04:15,100 --> 00:04:16,133
[eagle shrieks]
80
00:04:16,133 --> 00:04:18,867
[Josh] I travel
to the far corners
of the Earth
81
00:04:18,867 --> 00:04:21,000
to uncover
where legends end...
82
00:04:21,000 --> 00:04:22,500
[yelling, laughing]
83
00:04:22,500 --> 00:04:24,100
...and history begins.
84
00:04:24,100 --> 00:04:24,867
Okay, let's punch it.
85
00:04:25,900 --> 00:04:27,200
I'm Josh Gates,
86
00:04:27,200 --> 00:04:31,133
and this is
Expedition Unknown.
87
00:04:35,467 --> 00:04:37,900
My search for Alexander's
last resting place
88
00:04:37,900 --> 00:04:40,233
begins here,
in the hills of Vergina.
89
00:04:47,767 --> 00:04:50,567
In 1977, a Greek archaeologist
90
00:04:50,567 --> 00:04:53,667
undertook an excavation
of this unremarkable hill,
91
00:04:53,667 --> 00:04:56,567
just outside the ancient
Macedonian capital.
92
00:04:56,567 --> 00:04:58,667
What he found underneath it
turned out to be
93
00:04:58,667 --> 00:05:02,533
one of the most shocking
archaeological discoveries
of all time.
94
00:05:11,567 --> 00:05:13,133
Under tons of earth,
95
00:05:14,100 --> 00:05:16,800
was the massive entrance
to a royal tomb,
96
00:05:16,800 --> 00:05:20,767
adorned with the distinctive
red and blue colors
of Macedon.
97
00:05:21,467 --> 00:05:22,767
Incredible.
98
00:05:22,767 --> 00:05:26,867
This imposing facade
leads to the tomb
of Philip II,
99
00:05:26,867 --> 00:05:30,367
the Macedonian king
who conquered
most of classical Greece
100
00:05:30,367 --> 00:05:32,500
before his son,
Alexander the Great,
101
00:05:32,500 --> 00:05:34,500
conquered most of
the known world.
102
00:05:34,500 --> 00:05:36,600
But Philip's burial is unique,
103
00:05:36,600 --> 00:05:39,667
because unlike
many ancient tombs
which were looted,
104
00:05:39,667 --> 00:05:43,734
beyond those doors,
this one was found
completely intact.
105
00:05:47,800 --> 00:05:49,967
Let your eyes
adjust to the light,
106
00:05:49,967 --> 00:05:53,100
and you'll make out treasures
beyond compare.
107
00:05:53,100 --> 00:05:56,066
Iron armor,
silver drinking vessels,
108
00:05:56,066 --> 00:05:59,467
ivory shields,
and solid gold artifacts
109
00:05:59,467 --> 00:06:03,567
that are among the finest
ever discovered
from the ancient world.
110
00:06:03,567 --> 00:06:06,567
Philip was, after all,
a force to be reckoned with.
111
00:06:06,567 --> 00:06:08,767
A one-eyed,
battle-hardened king,
112
00:06:08,767 --> 00:06:12,166
he taught Alexander
how to hunt, fight,
and lead.
113
00:06:12,166 --> 00:06:16,100
But in 336 BC,
when Alexander was only 20,
114
00:06:16,100 --> 00:06:21,166
Philip was assassinated
by a traitorous member
of his royal guard.
115
00:06:21,166 --> 00:06:24,967
Philip's cremated remains
were interred
in this golden box,
116
00:06:24,967 --> 00:06:28,066
marked with the Macedonian
16 pointed symbol
117
00:06:28,066 --> 00:06:30,367
called the Vergina Sun.
118
00:06:30,367 --> 00:06:32,300
Yet all of this
pales in comparison
119
00:06:32,300 --> 00:06:35,867
to the riches
that would have been
interred with Alexander.
120
00:06:35,867 --> 00:06:40,300
In this same hillside,
archaeologists found the tomb
of Alexander's son,
121
00:06:40,300 --> 00:06:41,900
as well as two looted tombs
122
00:06:41,900 --> 00:06:45,066
that may have belonged
to Alexander's wife,
and brother.
123
00:06:47,367 --> 00:06:50,100
So, it makes
all the sense in the world
124
00:06:50,100 --> 00:06:54,000
that Alexander
would be buried here, too,
alongside his family.
125
00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:57,066
And yet, he's not here.
Never was.
126
00:06:57,066 --> 00:07:00,066
But that doesn't mean
his tomb was always lost.
127
00:07:00,066 --> 00:07:03,667
Ancient historians describe
the Soma of Alexander,
128
00:07:03,667 --> 00:07:07,166
an immense mausoleum
befitting a god king.
129
00:07:07,166 --> 00:07:09,000
It would have been
dripping with gold,
130
00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:11,467
and filled
with treasures like this.
131
00:07:11,467 --> 00:07:15,266
But they describe it
as being 750 miles from here,
132
00:07:15,266 --> 00:07:18,667
in one of the crown jewels
of Alexander's empire.
133
00:07:18,667 --> 00:07:19,667
Egypt.
134
00:07:25,567 --> 00:07:26,734
Hang on! [exclaims]
135
00:07:29,767 --> 00:07:30,834
Good Lord.
136
00:07:32,467 --> 00:07:33,867
I think, maybe
over here? Left.
137
00:07:33,867 --> 00:07:35,100
Nope. Right.
138
00:07:35,100 --> 00:07:36,400
Nope. Left.
139
00:07:36,400 --> 00:07:37,867
Yeah. Left, left.
140
00:07:41,000 --> 00:07:42,467
You might wanna
hang on to something
141
00:07:42,467 --> 00:07:45,767
because just outside
the modern capital of Cairo
142
00:07:45,767 --> 00:07:48,100
lies the royal burial ground
143
00:07:48,100 --> 00:07:50,600
of the ancient capital
of Memphis.
144
00:07:50,600 --> 00:07:55,166
It is a sprawling
and rather unpaved
city of the dead,
145
00:07:55,166 --> 00:07:57,367
known as Saqqara.
146
00:07:57,367 --> 00:08:01,867
For centuries, this was where
pharaohs transitioned
to the afterlife.
147
00:08:01,867 --> 00:08:05,400
Beneath the sands,
untold thousands of burials,
148
00:08:05,400 --> 00:08:07,600
and above, soaring monuments,
149
00:08:07,600 --> 00:08:10,166
including the first pyramid
in Egypt.
150
00:08:12,600 --> 00:08:15,567
But I'm here, looking for
evidence of another king.
151
00:08:15,567 --> 00:08:18,567
Alexander's conquest
left him with many titles.
152
00:08:18,567 --> 00:08:21,967
He was the leader of Macedon,
the conqueror of Babylon,
153
00:08:21,967 --> 00:08:25,367
the Lord of Asia,
and even a pharaoh of Egypt.
154
00:08:25,367 --> 00:08:27,500
So, could his body be here,
155
00:08:27,500 --> 00:08:30,367
with Egypt's
other divine rulers?
156
00:08:30,367 --> 00:08:31,367
Let's find out.
157
00:08:33,467 --> 00:08:35,634
After inhaling
half the Sahara Desert,
158
00:08:37,467 --> 00:08:40,767
I pull over to meet
Professor of Classics
at Bard College,
159
00:08:40,767 --> 00:08:42,166
James Romm.
160
00:08:42,166 --> 00:08:44,266
James. Hey, how are ya?
161
00:08:44,266 --> 00:08:45,767
-Hey, Josh.
-Nice to meet you.
162
00:08:45,767 --> 00:08:49,266
He's the author
of the groundbreaking book
Ghost on the Throne,
163
00:08:49,266 --> 00:08:51,166
which delves into
the long shadow
164
00:08:51,166 --> 00:08:53,967
cast by one of history's
greatest figures.
165
00:08:54,867 --> 00:08:56,667
Okay, Alexander the Great.
166
00:08:56,667 --> 00:08:58,233
Everybody knows the name,
167
00:08:58,233 --> 00:09:02,567
but I think very few people
probably know about the scale
of what he accomplished.
168
00:09:02,567 --> 00:09:04,367
So, let's start
with Alexander's world.
169
00:09:04,367 --> 00:09:06,367
He comes from Macedonia.
170
00:09:06,367 --> 00:09:08,467
-Macedon, right?
-Correct.
171
00:09:08,467 --> 00:09:10,667
Philip II,
Alexander's father,
comes along.
172
00:09:10,667 --> 00:09:15,767
So, what does he do?
How does Macedon become
this big, powerful thing?
173
00:09:15,767 --> 00:09:17,767
It was all about
his reform of the army.
174
00:09:17,767 --> 00:09:20,767
Philip built a standing army
in service, year round,
175
00:09:20,767 --> 00:09:23,266
and gave them
a brand new set of weapons
176
00:09:23,266 --> 00:09:25,000
that he had
personally designed.
177
00:09:25,000 --> 00:09:28,567
His major innovation
was a spear
called the sarissa,
178
00:09:28,567 --> 00:09:32,467
which was more than
twice as long as the spears
that the Greeks were using,
179
00:09:32,467 --> 00:09:33,967
perhaps as long as 20 feet.
180
00:09:33,967 --> 00:09:36,367
-A 20-foot long spear?
-Exactly.
181
00:09:36,367 --> 00:09:38,500
But surely it can't be
as simple as that.
182
00:09:38,500 --> 00:09:40,467
It's not just how big
is your spear, is it?
183
00:09:41,100 --> 00:09:42,066
Well, that's part of it.
184
00:09:42,066 --> 00:09:44,300
-[chuckles]
-But it's also
about the cohesion--
185
00:09:44,300 --> 00:09:46,767
-I thought
size didn't matter, James.
-[chuckles]
186
00:09:46,767 --> 00:09:48,567
-Well--
-I was led to believe.
187
00:09:48,567 --> 00:09:50,066
-[James] It does in this case.
-[chuckles]
188
00:09:50,867 --> 00:09:52,667
This new weapon
was a game changer
189
00:09:52,667 --> 00:09:56,100
when it came
to the military formation
known as a phalanx,
190
00:09:56,100 --> 00:09:57,567
where troops
would mass together
191
00:09:57,567 --> 00:10:00,600
to attack and defend
as a single entity.
192
00:10:00,600 --> 00:10:04,467
Philip's well trained forces
also employed
state of the art catapults,
193
00:10:04,467 --> 00:10:06,800
battering rams,
and siege towers,
194
00:10:06,800 --> 00:10:10,266
to knock down walls
that were once impenetrable.
195
00:10:10,266 --> 00:10:12,967
So, this is just a huge burst
of military innovation.
196
00:10:12,967 --> 00:10:15,266
-And he has big plans.
-Yes.
197
00:10:15,266 --> 00:10:18,467
He decided to take his army
into Asia Minor
198
00:10:18,467 --> 00:10:22,000
and begin eating away
at the Persian empire,
199
00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:25,934
which was the great empire
that dominated all of Asia
up to that point.
200
00:10:27,400 --> 00:10:31,600
The Persian empire was
the largest, fiercest power
of the ancient world.
201
00:10:31,600 --> 00:10:34,433
But Philip never
got the chance
to confront them.
202
00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:39,200
With Philip gone, his heir
takes the throne. Alexander.
203
00:10:39,200 --> 00:10:40,600
Alexander, at 20 years old.
204
00:10:40,600 --> 00:10:42,600
-At 20, he takes the throne.
-[James] Yes.
205
00:10:42,600 --> 00:10:46,333
He inherited
his father's army
and his father's plans,
206
00:10:46,867 --> 00:10:49,166
and he put them into effect
207
00:10:49,166 --> 00:10:52,066
with astonishing
success and efficiency.
208
00:10:53,266 --> 00:10:55,100
[Josh] He is smart,
charismatic,
209
00:10:55,100 --> 00:10:58,000
and by all accounts,
has really good hair.
210
00:10:58,000 --> 00:11:00,767
Alexander also has
a serious vision of his own,
211
00:11:00,767 --> 00:11:02,567
to remake the world.
212
00:11:02,567 --> 00:11:05,166
In his youth, he was rumored
to be tutored by none other
213
00:11:05,166 --> 00:11:07,166
than the great philosopher
Aristotle,
214
00:11:07,166 --> 00:11:11,000
and wanted
to spread Greek civilization
far and wide.
215
00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:13,600
But he also sought
to fuse East and West,
216
00:11:13,600 --> 00:11:16,166
and create
a multicultural empire.
217
00:11:16,166 --> 00:11:17,266
It's a vision that allowed him
218
00:11:17,266 --> 00:11:20,367
to connect,
as well as to conquer.
219
00:11:20,367 --> 00:11:23,000
And how would you
describe his reign?
220
00:11:23,000 --> 00:11:25,934
The most successful
military campaign
in world history.
221
00:11:26,367 --> 00:11:27,166
Simple as that.
222
00:11:29,367 --> 00:11:31,667
Okay, kids,
it's conquest map time.
223
00:11:31,667 --> 00:11:33,266
In 335 BC,
224
00:11:33,266 --> 00:11:36,166
Alexander
and his army whip out
their very long spears--
225
00:11:36,166 --> 00:11:37,066
[soldier] Hey, there.
226
00:11:37,066 --> 00:11:38,700
[Josh] ...to invade
what's now the Balkans,
227
00:11:38,700 --> 00:11:41,300
before popping over to Asia
with 100 ships.
228
00:11:41,300 --> 00:11:42,834
[Alexander] Row lively now.
229
00:11:42,834 --> 00:11:45,367
[Josh] The Persians
don't take this seriously,
which kind of sucks for them,
230
00:11:45,367 --> 00:11:49,100
because Alexander takes over
what is now Turkey,
Syria, Lebanon, Israel.
231
00:11:49,100 --> 00:11:50,533
What am I forgetting?
Oh, right.
232
00:11:50,533 --> 00:11:53,600
Since the Egyptians
weren't too thrilled
with being under Persian rule,
233
00:11:53,600 --> 00:11:55,667
they basically
hand Alexander the keys.
234
00:11:55,667 --> 00:11:56,867
-[man] Here you go.
-[Josh] Making him
235
00:11:56,867 --> 00:11:58,967
the first
foreign-born pharaoh.
236
00:11:58,967 --> 00:12:02,767
Even though he's on a roll,
Alexander takes a weird detour
to Egypt's western desert
237
00:12:02,767 --> 00:12:04,000
to meet with
an oracle in Siwah,
238
00:12:04,000 --> 00:12:07,500
who tells him,
that he is the son
of the Egyptian god Amon.
239
00:12:07,500 --> 00:12:08,700
So, I guess, worth the trip.
240
00:12:08,700 --> 00:12:10,000
[Alexander] It's good
to be the king.
241
00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:11,667
[Josh] Now, officially
a living god on earth,
242
00:12:11,667 --> 00:12:13,867
Alexander decides
to go big or go home,
243
00:12:13,867 --> 00:12:15,867
taking on the heart
of the Persian Empire
244
00:12:15,867 --> 00:12:19,000
and their very
badass leader, Darius,
in modern day Iraq.
245
00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:22,467
Alexander takes
the capital of Persepolis,
which burns to the ground.
246
00:12:22,467 --> 00:12:23,266
[Alexander] Whoopsie.
247
00:12:23,266 --> 00:12:24,900
[Josh] Darius offers
a peace accord.
248
00:12:24,900 --> 00:12:26,667
Alexander is like,
"Yeah, I don't think so."
249
00:12:26,667 --> 00:12:28,400
And chases him
into modern day Iran,
250
00:12:28,400 --> 00:12:30,767
-where Darius
gets killed in a coup--
-[Darius groans]
251
00:12:30,767 --> 00:12:34,867
[Josh] ...and Alexander
is left to seize
fabulously wealthy Babylon.
252
00:12:34,867 --> 00:12:36,867
In what can only be described
as not knowing when to quit,
253
00:12:36,867 --> 00:12:40,266
he then leads charges
into modern day
Afghanistan, Uzbekistan...
254
00:12:40,266 --> 00:12:41,400
Most of the stans, really.
255
00:12:41,400 --> 00:12:43,800
All the way
to the Himalayas of Pakistan.
256
00:12:43,800 --> 00:12:48,767
All told, he takes
two million square miles
and founds 70 cities,
257
00:12:48,767 --> 00:12:50,967
more than a dozen of which
bear his name.
258
00:12:50,967 --> 00:12:52,266
[all cheering]
259
00:12:52,266 --> 00:12:55,467
But his conquering
of the whole world
is not meant to be.
260
00:12:55,467 --> 00:12:59,367
No. In what
the Greeks called India,
what is today Pakistan,
261
00:12:59,367 --> 00:13:02,266
he was punctured
through the lung
with a 6-foot arrow.
262
00:13:02,266 --> 00:13:03,667
Very nearly killed him.
263
00:13:03,667 --> 00:13:05,166
He turned around,
264
00:13:05,166 --> 00:13:08,166
and after making his way
back to Babylon
265
00:13:08,166 --> 00:13:10,367
and staying there
only a few months,
266
00:13:10,367 --> 00:13:13,200
he dies mysteriously
at the age of 32.
267
00:13:13,200 --> 00:13:16,500
[Josh] It must
send a shockwave
through the ancient world.
268
00:13:16,500 --> 00:13:19,166
It was probably the most
devastating piece of news
269
00:13:19,166 --> 00:13:21,667
that the world had seen
up to that point.
270
00:13:21,667 --> 00:13:23,967
[Josh] His cause of death
remains unknown.
271
00:13:23,967 --> 00:13:26,300
It may have been complications
from his wound,
272
00:13:26,300 --> 00:13:27,567
or was he poisoned?
273
00:13:27,567 --> 00:13:30,066
Or could it have
been malaria or typhoid?
274
00:13:30,066 --> 00:13:33,567
No matter the cause,
there's no clear plan
for his succession.
275
00:13:33,567 --> 00:13:35,967
[James] There's a group
of five or six people,
276
00:13:35,967 --> 00:13:39,667
that all have
various claims on power,
277
00:13:39,667 --> 00:13:42,567
and will end up
fighting it out
for years to come.
278
00:13:42,567 --> 00:13:44,667
In other words,
and this is a technical term,
279
00:13:44,667 --> 00:13:45,600
It's a [bleep] show.
280
00:13:45,600 --> 00:13:47,400
[chuckles] Yes, it's very much
a [bleep] show.
281
00:13:47,400 --> 00:13:48,233
[chuckling]
282
00:13:49,000 --> 00:13:50,800
Okay, but what about his body?
283
00:13:50,800 --> 00:13:52,800
After he dies,
what happens to him?
284
00:13:52,800 --> 00:13:54,533
So, his body is mummified.
285
00:13:57,500 --> 00:14:00,100
[Josh] And the decision
about where to send him
falls to who?
286
00:14:00,100 --> 00:14:02,467
To Perdiccas,
one of the top generals,
287
00:14:02,467 --> 00:14:06,166
and the one who is mostly
commanding the empire
at this point.
288
00:14:06,166 --> 00:14:08,467
[Josh] Perdiccas decides
to do what seems logical,
289
00:14:08,467 --> 00:14:11,567
to clad Alexander in gold,
put him in a sarcophagus,
290
00:14:11,567 --> 00:14:15,467
and send the body back
to his lavish family tomb
in Macedon.
291
00:14:15,467 --> 00:14:19,166
And so,
a huge funeral procession,
with a tomb on wheels,
292
00:14:19,166 --> 00:14:21,266
sets off on the long journey.
293
00:14:21,266 --> 00:14:23,367
But as the body
passes through Damascus,
294
00:14:23,367 --> 00:14:27,000
it's intercepted by another
of Alexander's top generals.
295
00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:28,700
Meet Ptolemy.
296
00:14:28,700 --> 00:14:30,967
Ptolemy has staked a claim
over Egypt,
297
00:14:30,967 --> 00:14:32,867
and named himself as pharaoh.
298
00:14:32,867 --> 00:14:35,266
And he figures that
having Alexander's body
299
00:14:35,266 --> 00:14:37,867
will help legitimize himself
to the Egyptians.
300
00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:41,000
And where does
Ptolemy bring him?
301
00:14:41,000 --> 00:14:42,667
Right here, to Egypt.
302
00:14:42,667 --> 00:14:45,166
The royal burial ground
of Memphis.
303
00:14:45,166 --> 00:14:47,467
[Josh] This brings us
to the mystery
of Alexander the Great.
304
00:14:47,467 --> 00:14:50,100
His body and his tomb
are missing.
305
00:14:50,100 --> 00:14:52,900
Crazy though it seems,
we don't know where it is.
306
00:14:52,900 --> 00:14:55,767
What would it mean
to find Alexander the Great?
307
00:14:55,767 --> 00:14:58,000
It would be one of the most
staggering discoveries
308
00:14:58,000 --> 00:14:59,500
in the history of archaeology.
309
00:14:59,500 --> 00:15:03,100
He probably changed the world
more than any other
single individual.
310
00:15:03,100 --> 00:15:06,367
This is one of the most
famous people in history,
311
00:15:06,367 --> 00:15:09,367
and we don't know where he is.
We don't know
where his tomb is.
312
00:15:09,367 --> 00:15:11,867
That's true.
But there may be some clues.
313
00:15:11,867 --> 00:15:13,567
He might have been right
under your feet, Josh.
314
00:15:13,567 --> 00:15:15,367
-Literally?
-Yes.
315
00:15:15,367 --> 00:15:16,333
[Josh] Right here?
316
00:15:24,500 --> 00:15:26,567
We are in the
royal Necropolis of Memphis,
317
00:15:26,567 --> 00:15:28,166
so I need you to be
really specific here, James.
318
00:15:28,166 --> 00:15:30,967
Exactly where
is Alexander's body?
319
00:15:30,967 --> 00:15:32,767
It could have been
right under our feet.
320
00:15:32,767 --> 00:15:34,066
Like, literally
under our feet?
321
00:15:34,066 --> 00:15:36,266
We're standing on the remains
of a temple
322
00:15:36,266 --> 00:15:39,367
that was built at the time
of Alexander's death.
323
00:15:39,367 --> 00:15:44,166
[Josh] I'm seeking the
greatest lost tomb in history,
that of Alexander the Great,
324
00:15:44,166 --> 00:15:47,567
who ruled over the known world
by the age of 32.
325
00:15:47,567 --> 00:15:49,467
I've traveled to the deserts
of Egypt,
326
00:15:49,467 --> 00:15:52,767
It was here that
one of Alexander's successors,
Ptolemy,
327
00:15:52,767 --> 00:15:55,600
was said to have taken
the conqueror's body.
328
00:15:55,600 --> 00:15:59,266
And do we have any indication
that he might actually
have been put in this temple?
329
00:15:59,266 --> 00:16:03,266
-There may be some clues.
Come on, I'll show you.
-[Josh] Sure.
330
00:16:03,266 --> 00:16:07,867
Historian James Romm leads me
a few hundred feet away
to a sheltered ruin.
331
00:16:13,867 --> 00:16:15,600
-Wow.
-[James] Yes.
332
00:16:15,600 --> 00:16:18,667
Josh, welcome to what's known
as the Philosopher's Circle.
333
00:16:18,667 --> 00:16:22,300
This is incredible.
These do not look like
Egyptian statues.
334
00:16:22,300 --> 00:16:25,266
No, these are
definitely Greek.
335
00:16:25,266 --> 00:16:28,667
[Josh] In the
mid-19th century,
Egyptologist Auguste Mariette
336
00:16:28,667 --> 00:16:33,100
uncovered this collection
of decidedly Hellenistic
or Greek statues,
337
00:16:33,100 --> 00:16:35,266
thought to include depictions
of Plato,
338
00:16:35,266 --> 00:16:39,533
Alexander's tutor Aristotle,
and Alexander's idol, Homer.
339
00:16:40,900 --> 00:16:42,500
What are a bunch of
Greek statues
340
00:16:42,500 --> 00:16:45,100
doing in the middle
of an Egyptian burial ground?
341
00:16:45,100 --> 00:16:47,867
That's a very good question.
They're very intriguing.
342
00:16:47,867 --> 00:16:50,100
They seem to be
from the time of
Ptolemy I,
343
00:16:50,100 --> 00:16:52,000
the man who hijacked
Alexander's body.
344
00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:56,200
And what's more,
right next to this semicircle
where we were just standing,
345
00:16:56,200 --> 00:16:59,967
was found a temple
associated with Nectanebo,
346
00:16:59,967 --> 00:17:03,500
the pharaoh from just before
Alexander's time.
347
00:17:03,500 --> 00:17:07,800
[Josh] Nectanebo was driven
out of Egypt by the Persians,
never to return.
348
00:17:07,800 --> 00:17:11,166
He left behind an empty,
unfinished funerary temple.
349
00:17:11,166 --> 00:17:14,266
So when Ptolemy
brought Alexander's body
to Egypt,
350
00:17:14,266 --> 00:17:18,967
some have theorized that
this would have been a
very logical place to put it.
351
00:17:18,967 --> 00:17:21,667
So here we have
this very Greek shrine,
352
00:17:21,667 --> 00:17:25,900
right next to a perfectly
good abandoned temple.
353
00:17:25,900 --> 00:17:29,867
Not a bad place to put the
body of Alexander the Great
if you're Ptolemy.
354
00:17:29,867 --> 00:17:34,567
Perhaps, but whether
he was here or not,
he didn't stay here for long.
355
00:17:34,567 --> 00:17:35,700
We don't need
to get the shovels.
356
00:17:35,700 --> 00:17:37,900
-He's not here today?
-Definitely not.
357
00:17:37,900 --> 00:17:39,867
He was only here temporarily.
358
00:17:39,867 --> 00:17:44,467
While a grand mausoleum
befitting a person
of heroic stature
359
00:17:44,467 --> 00:17:46,867
could be built for him
elsewhere.
360
00:17:46,867 --> 00:17:49,967
I'm guessing this was
not a subtle tomb.
361
00:17:49,967 --> 00:17:52,367
No, it would have been
something spectacular.
362
00:17:52,367 --> 00:17:54,000
And where was this mausoleum?
363
00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:57,467
In the city that Alexander
founded and that came
to bear his name.
364
00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:00,133
-Alexandria?
-Alexandria.
365
00:18:01,567 --> 00:18:05,166
[Josh] Alexander's body
moved again,
and I'm chasing after it.
366
00:18:06,700 --> 00:18:10,000
I thank James
and point my compass north,
367
00:18:10,000 --> 00:18:14,233
driving 150 miles
to where the Nile
meets the Mediterranean.
368
00:18:16,367 --> 00:18:21,166
Today, what little remains
of a once grand city
are a handful of ruins.
369
00:18:23,867 --> 00:18:26,600
While construction
of Alexander's seaside city
370
00:18:26,600 --> 00:18:28,867
wasn't completed
during his lifetime,
371
00:18:28,867 --> 00:18:32,900
Alexandria blossomed into
a metropolis after his death.
372
00:18:32,900 --> 00:18:35,266
This became
the capital of Egypt
373
00:18:35,266 --> 00:18:39,433
and home to some of
the most legendary buildings
in the ancient world.
374
00:18:41,767 --> 00:18:45,567
This is Pompey's Pillar,
the only column
from the ancient city
375
00:18:45,567 --> 00:18:48,467
still standing
in its original place.
376
00:18:48,467 --> 00:18:52,166
Alexandria's skyline
also featured the world's
first museum
377
00:18:52,166 --> 00:18:57,166
and the famed Great Library,
the legendary repository
of knowledge.
378
00:18:57,166 --> 00:18:58,900
And standing guard
above it all,
379
00:18:58,900 --> 00:19:01,700
was one of the seven wonders
of the ancient world.
380
00:19:01,700 --> 00:19:04,300
The renowned
Lighthouse of Alexandria,
381
00:19:04,300 --> 00:19:06,266
which protected
the city's harbor.
382
00:19:08,166 --> 00:19:12,667
Today, though, the skyline
looks quite a bit different.
383
00:19:12,667 --> 00:19:17,800
A view from the rooftop of one
of the tallest buildings
in present day Alexandria,
384
00:19:17,800 --> 00:19:22,300
makes it immediately clear
how the most famous tomb
in history got lost.
385
00:19:22,300 --> 00:19:27,066
Look at this place.
Alexandria has exploded
into the largest city
386
00:19:27,066 --> 00:19:30,767
on the Mediterranean.
Home to more than
5 million people.
387
00:19:30,767 --> 00:19:35,166
With centuries of construction
towering up to the sky,
388
00:19:35,166 --> 00:19:38,433
The Great Library burned
and has now been rebuilt.
389
00:19:39,467 --> 00:19:42,166
The wondrous lighthouse
collapsed into the sea,
390
00:19:42,166 --> 00:19:44,900
a stone fort
standing in its place.
391
00:19:44,900 --> 00:19:49,266
And somewhere,
somewhere underneath
all of this modern stuff,
392
00:19:49,266 --> 00:19:52,066
lies the ancient city's
Royal Quarter,
393
00:19:52,066 --> 00:19:56,166
with its palaces, its temples
and its magnificent Soma,
394
00:19:56,166 --> 00:19:58,667
the tomb
of Alexander the Great.
395
00:19:58,667 --> 00:20:01,266
The very hard question is,
where was it?
396
00:20:07,100 --> 00:20:10,233
The answer, surprisingly,
may lie underwater.
397
00:20:12,066 --> 00:20:15,166
On a research vessel steaming
out into Alexandria harbor,
398
00:20:15,166 --> 00:20:18,900
I meet my old friend,
archaeologist Mohamed
El Sayid.
399
00:20:18,900 --> 00:20:20,867
-Hello. How are you?
-Hello, Josh.
400
00:20:20,867 --> 00:20:22,100
-How are you?
-Good to see you.
401
00:20:22,100 --> 00:20:24,600
Mohammed believes
it's possible these waters
402
00:20:24,600 --> 00:20:27,333
could be keeping
history's greatest secret.
403
00:20:28,100 --> 00:20:30,100
This is a dream
of all the archaeologists,
404
00:20:30,100 --> 00:20:34,367
-to find the the tomb
of Alexander the Great.
-[Josh] Yes.
405
00:20:34,367 --> 00:20:37,100
Okay, so once Alexander's body
is brought here
406
00:20:37,100 --> 00:20:38,533
-to Alexandria...
-Yeah.
407
00:20:38,533 --> 00:20:42,567
...the tomb that's made
for him must have been
a really impressive building.
408
00:20:42,567 --> 00:20:46,767
Yes, it was
a remarkable building.
It's a pharaoh's tomb.
409
00:20:46,767 --> 00:20:50,467
[Josh] Maddeningly, there are
no exact descriptions
of the tomb itself.
410
00:20:50,467 --> 00:20:54,700
One ancient source claims
it had a pyramid on the roof
of a grand structure
411
00:20:54,700 --> 00:20:57,266
filled with Alexander's
priceless treasures.
412
00:20:57,266 --> 00:20:59,867
We do know it was
a major pilgrimage site.
413
00:20:59,867 --> 00:21:04,000
It was even visited
by Julius Caesar and
by the emperor Augustus,
414
00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:07,800
who famously paid his respects
with a gold laurel.
415
00:21:07,800 --> 00:21:09,967
And where would it
have been here?
416
00:21:09,967 --> 00:21:12,166
It would have been
in the Royal Quarter.
417
00:21:12,166 --> 00:21:14,200
[Josh] The Royal Quarter
of Alexandria
418
00:21:14,200 --> 00:21:18,266
extended from some point
along the harbor into
the center of the city.
419
00:21:18,266 --> 00:21:20,867
It was home
to palaces and tombs.
420
00:21:20,867 --> 00:21:24,867
Including the artifact-filled
Soma of Alexander.
421
00:21:24,867 --> 00:21:30,000
The Royal Quarter would've
been somewhere in here.
So why are we on a boat?
422
00:21:30,000 --> 00:21:33,767
[Mohammed] Not all
of the Royal Quarter
is on land
423
00:21:33,767 --> 00:21:36,100
because part of Alexandria
is underneath us.
424
00:21:36,100 --> 00:21:37,767
-Under the water?
-Under the water, yeah.
425
00:21:37,767 --> 00:21:39,166
Why is it underwater?
426
00:21:39,166 --> 00:21:41,166
Ask the Greeks and tsunamis.
427
00:21:42,767 --> 00:21:46,700
[Josh] For all its glory,
ancient Alexandria couldn't
stop nature.
428
00:21:46,700 --> 00:21:51,500
In the year 365,
over six centuries
after Alexander's death,
429
00:21:51,500 --> 00:21:54,300
a powerful quake
unleashes a tsunami,
430
00:21:54,300 --> 00:21:58,100
that devastates the capital
and leaves thousands dead.
431
00:21:58,100 --> 00:22:01,934
When it draws back,
part of the city collapses
into the sea.
432
00:22:03,667 --> 00:22:07,367
So is Alexander's tomb
underwater in the harbor?
433
00:22:07,367 --> 00:22:10,767
It could be right
underneath us. Many things
have been found here.
434
00:22:10,767 --> 00:22:12,867
-Do you want to find it?
-Please.
435
00:22:14,400 --> 00:22:17,166
We know the edge of the city
collapsed into the sea.
436
00:22:17,166 --> 00:22:21,467
But did the Royal Quarter
fall in and take the tomb
with it?
437
00:22:21,467 --> 00:22:25,767
To find out. Mohammed is
taking me on a search
for monuments, statues
438
00:22:25,767 --> 00:22:28,667
and other royal architecture
beneath the surface.
439
00:22:28,667 --> 00:22:30,767
Time to suit up and dive.
440
00:22:39,367 --> 00:22:43,467
[Josh speaking]
441
00:22:43,467 --> 00:22:44,867
[Mohammed speaking]
442
00:22:44,867 --> 00:22:46,834
[Josh speaking]
443
00:23:02,100 --> 00:23:05,100
[Mohammed speaking]
444
00:23:05,100 --> 00:23:07,934
[Josh and Mohammed speaking]
445
00:23:09,266 --> 00:23:12,066
[Josh speaking]
446
00:23:12,467 --> 00:23:15,133
[Mohammed speaking]
447
00:23:18,567 --> 00:23:21,734
[Josh speaking]
448
00:23:25,967 --> 00:23:28,233
[Mohammed speaking]
449
00:23:30,667 --> 00:23:33,233
[Josh speaking]
450
00:23:37,266 --> 00:23:40,634
[Josh] In such
a target-rich environment,
it's easy to get excited.
451
00:23:41,467 --> 00:23:42,734
Perhaps a little too easy.
452
00:23:43,467 --> 00:23:45,600
[Josh speaking]
453
00:23:45,600 --> 00:23:47,000
[Mohammed speaking]
454
00:23:47,000 --> 00:23:49,300
[Josh speaking]
455
00:23:49,300 --> 00:23:50,667
[Mohammed speaking]
456
00:23:50,667 --> 00:23:52,333
[Josh speaking]
457
00:23:53,166 --> 00:23:54,734
[both laugh]
458
00:23:57,166 --> 00:23:59,333
[Josh] We continue on
into the gloom.
459
00:24:01,066 --> 00:24:04,900
The earthquake
that struck here did more
than just collapse a road.
460
00:24:04,900 --> 00:24:07,567
It changed the face
of the earth itself.
461
00:24:08,066 --> 00:24:10,467
[Mohammed speaking]
462
00:24:10,467 --> 00:24:12,700
[Josh speaking]
463
00:24:12,700 --> 00:24:16,033
[Mohammed speaking]
464
00:24:21,700 --> 00:24:24,467
[Josh] We follow the seafloor
as it slopes down,
465
00:24:24,467 --> 00:24:27,000
but the bottom
appears featureless.
466
00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:28,300
I'm about ready
to give up hope
467
00:24:28,300 --> 00:24:31,367
that anything significant
is here, and then...
468
00:24:31,667 --> 00:24:33,767
[Josh speaking]
469
00:24:45,066 --> 00:24:46,467
[Josh speaking]
470
00:24:46,467 --> 00:24:48,667
[Mohammed and Josh speaking]
471
00:24:49,066 --> 00:24:51,300
[Josh speaking]
472
00:24:51,300 --> 00:24:54,166
[Mohammed speaking]
473
00:24:54,166 --> 00:24:56,467
[Josh speaking]
474
00:24:56,467 --> 00:24:59,300
[Josh] We're beneath the
surface of Alexandria's harbor
475
00:24:59,300 --> 00:25:03,667
exploring a section
of the ancient city that sank
after an earthquake.
476
00:25:03,667 --> 00:25:06,800
The lost, treasure filled tomb
of Alexander the Great
477
00:25:06,800 --> 00:25:09,767
was in the so called
Royal Quarter of the city.
478
00:25:09,767 --> 00:25:13,133
An area filled
with grand architecture
and statues.
479
00:25:13,467 --> 00:25:15,333
[Josh speaking]
480
00:25:15,867 --> 00:25:17,200
[Josh] Could this be it?
481
00:25:17,200 --> 00:25:20,333
We're seeing signs
of monumental construction.
482
00:25:21,667 --> 00:25:22,767
[Mohammed speaking]
483
00:25:23,367 --> 00:25:25,467
[Josh speaking]
484
00:25:29,200 --> 00:25:31,967
[Mohammed and Josh speaking]
485
00:25:31,967 --> 00:25:34,300
[Mohammed speaking]
486
00:25:34,300 --> 00:25:37,000
[Josh] A column comparable
to Pompey's Pillar
487
00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:40,567
shows that the ruins here
are from something massive.
488
00:25:40,567 --> 00:25:42,767
Could it be
from Alexander's tomb?
489
00:25:46,100 --> 00:25:48,767
[Josh speaking]
490
00:26:02,767 --> 00:26:07,367
[Mohammed speaking]
491
00:26:07,367 --> 00:26:12,066
[Josh] A colonnade of columns
could indicate an important
ceremonial building.
492
00:26:17,567 --> 00:26:20,333
[Mohammed speaking]
493
00:26:20,767 --> 00:26:23,000
[Josh speaking]
494
00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:25,233
[Mohammed speaking]
495
00:26:27,500 --> 00:26:30,900
[Josh and Mohammed speaking]
496
00:26:30,900 --> 00:26:34,767
[Josh] Stone sphinxes
like this are hallmarks
of ancient Egypt,
497
00:26:34,767 --> 00:26:38,166
and were often placed
in front of sacred buildings.
498
00:26:38,166 --> 00:26:39,634
[Josh speaking]
499
00:26:49,567 --> 00:26:51,967
[Mohammed speaking]
500
00:26:54,600 --> 00:26:56,266
[Josh speaking]
501
00:26:56,266 --> 00:27:00,100
[Josh] Now on display
in Alexandria's Graeco
Roman museum,
502
00:27:00,100 --> 00:27:02,266
is the head
of Alexander the Great
503
00:27:02,266 --> 00:27:05,867
that once sat atop
a massive but missing statue.
504
00:27:07,567 --> 00:27:10,834
[Josh speaking]
505
00:27:12,266 --> 00:27:13,634
[Mohammed speaking]
506
00:27:25,667 --> 00:27:27,634
[Josh and Mohammed speaking]
507
00:27:28,500 --> 00:27:30,133
[Josh speaking]
508
00:27:37,467 --> 00:27:40,567
[Mohammed speaking]
509
00:27:40,567 --> 00:27:43,200
[Josh] Egyptian obelisks
heralded significant events
510
00:27:43,200 --> 00:27:45,400
or the great deeds
of an individual.
511
00:27:45,400 --> 00:27:49,834
This one, over 4000 years
old, long predates Alexander.
512
00:27:52,667 --> 00:27:55,767
But it turns out
there are even bigger things
down here.
513
00:27:56,667 --> 00:27:57,834
[Mohammed speaking]
514
00:28:00,066 --> 00:28:02,333
[Josh speaking]
515
00:28:07,367 --> 00:28:10,867
[Mohammed speaking]
516
00:28:10,867 --> 00:28:14,166
[Josh speaking]
517
00:28:14,166 --> 00:28:18,166
[Josh] These are the remains
of one of the seven wonders
of the ancient world.
518
00:28:18,166 --> 00:28:21,000
The soaring structure
synonymous with the city
519
00:28:21,000 --> 00:28:23,967
that Alexander the Great
dreamed into reality.
520
00:28:24,667 --> 00:28:27,266
[Josh speaking]
521
00:28:34,000 --> 00:28:35,967
[Mohammed speaking]
522
00:28:36,800 --> 00:28:39,166
[Josh] Unfortunately,
this once soaring tower
523
00:28:39,166 --> 00:28:44,100
is now sitting atop
the rest of the ruined city
like gigantic Jenga blocks,
524
00:28:44,100 --> 00:28:46,500
meaning if Alexander
is down here,
525
00:28:46,500 --> 00:28:49,367
he's not going to be easy
to get to.
526
00:28:49,367 --> 00:28:52,333
[Josh speaking]
527
00:29:02,900 --> 00:29:06,467
[Mohammed speaking]
528
00:29:06,867 --> 00:29:10,266
[Josh speaking]
529
00:29:10,266 --> 00:29:11,734
[Mohammed speaking]
530
00:29:21,367 --> 00:29:25,400
[Josh] These waters are
an archaeologist's dream...
or nightmare.
531
00:29:25,400 --> 00:29:29,667
It's a jumbled heap of history
lurking beneath the busy
modern harbor.
532
00:29:29,667 --> 00:29:32,767
As for Alexander,
while the edge of his
city's Royal Quarter
533
00:29:32,767 --> 00:29:34,400
may have collapsed
into the sea,
534
00:29:34,400 --> 00:29:37,467
it's likely that much of it
remains on dry land,
535
00:29:37,467 --> 00:29:39,066
hidden not beneath the waves,
536
00:29:39,066 --> 00:29:42,000
but beneath
modern Alexandria itself.
537
00:29:42,000 --> 00:29:46,233
And there's an archaeologist
convinced she'll find
Alexander's tomb there.
538
00:29:50,300 --> 00:29:53,000
In a literal traffic circle
in the middle of town,
539
00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:56,100
I meet archeologist
Dr. Calliope Papakosta.
540
00:29:56,100 --> 00:29:59,166
Nice... nice quiet spot.
[chuckles]
541
00:29:59,166 --> 00:30:01,166
But we're meeting here
for a reason,
542
00:30:01,166 --> 00:30:03,734
and he's sitting
proudly atop his horse.
543
00:30:05,867 --> 00:30:07,500
-Is this the man?
-This is the man.
544
00:30:07,500 --> 00:30:10,967
-Alexander the Great?
-The modern statue
of Alexander the Great,
545
00:30:10,967 --> 00:30:13,667
offered by the Greeks
to the city of Alexandria.
546
00:30:13,667 --> 00:30:17,700
[Josh] Calliope probably
knows more about Alexander
than anyone in this town.
547
00:30:17,700 --> 00:30:22,800
After all, she's been
searching for his tomb here
for nearly 30 years.
548
00:30:22,800 --> 00:30:24,867
-So this is not his tomb?
-Of course, not.
549
00:30:24,867 --> 00:30:27,300
Okay, so, I have questions
about this tomb.
550
00:30:27,300 --> 00:30:30,767
Do we know what it looks like?
Did anybody describe it?
551
00:30:30,767 --> 00:30:33,467
-Yes, but we don't have
a lot of information.
-Okay.
552
00:30:33,467 --> 00:30:39,867
It was constructed
by Ptolemy IV about 200 BC.
553
00:30:39,867 --> 00:30:44,066
[Josh] The tomb, or Soma,
was described by the Greek
philosopher Strabo
554
00:30:44,066 --> 00:30:46,667
as one of the larger buildings
in the Royal Quarter,
555
00:30:46,667 --> 00:30:49,166
surrounded by
a fortification wall.
556
00:30:49,166 --> 00:30:52,634
A tomb not just
fit for a king, but a god.
557
00:30:54,166 --> 00:30:55,767
So now,
the million dollar question.
558
00:30:55,767 --> 00:30:57,300
Where is this tomb?
559
00:30:57,300 --> 00:31:00,367
Wh... why are we here in the
middle of this traffic circle?
560
00:31:00,767 --> 00:31:03,734
[speaking in English]
561
00:31:04,667 --> 00:31:07,300
-Okay. Okay.
-Let me show you the map.
562
00:31:07,300 --> 00:31:09,767
So this is the 1800s
before all of these big,
563
00:31:09,767 --> 00:31:12,100
-modern buildings were here.
-[Calliope] Exactly. Exactly.
564
00:31:12,100 --> 00:31:16,100
[Josh] In red, the map shows
Alexandria as it stood
in the 1800s
565
00:31:16,100 --> 00:31:21,166
and in black, the surveyor
was able to trace the remnants
of the Roman roads.
566
00:31:21,166 --> 00:31:24,700
-Which was built on top
of the Greek city.
-[Calliope] Exactly.
567
00:31:24,700 --> 00:31:27,867
In this map,
two streets were the same.
568
00:31:27,867 --> 00:31:31,266
This one is
the main east-west street.
569
00:31:31,266 --> 00:31:33,000
[Josh] And this is
the Canopic Street?
570
00:31:33,000 --> 00:31:34,266
[Calliope] The Canopic Street.
571
00:31:34,266 --> 00:31:36,767
This was the main drag
and still is?
572
00:31:36,767 --> 00:31:37,867
-[Calliope] Yes.
-[Josh] Okay.
573
00:31:37,867 --> 00:31:40,700
The other important street
that was intersecting
574
00:31:40,700 --> 00:31:44,266
the Canopic one
was the royal one,
575
00:31:44,266 --> 00:31:47,667
-with a direction
from the north to the south.
-[Josh] Okay.
576
00:31:47,667 --> 00:31:50,000
It's very important to say
that these two streets
577
00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:53,166
were designed, planned,
by Alexander himself.
578
00:31:53,166 --> 00:31:56,767
Right. So this is
the main intersection
of Alexander's city,
579
00:31:56,767 --> 00:31:59,500
-and we're not
far from there.
-[Calliope] Exactly.
580
00:31:59,500 --> 00:32:00,667
[Josh] In the third century,
581
00:32:00,667 --> 00:32:03,967
Greek writer Achilles Tatius
describes the intersection
582
00:32:03,967 --> 00:32:06,367
of these streets
as the center of the city.
583
00:32:06,367 --> 00:32:08,467
And adds that
from this crossing,
584
00:32:08,467 --> 00:32:12,166
he walked 200 yards
to the tomb of Alexander.
585
00:32:13,166 --> 00:32:15,967
So this is a huge clue
because it means that
586
00:32:15,967 --> 00:32:18,700
just a few hundred feet
from this intersection,
587
00:32:18,700 --> 00:32:20,400
we should have
the tomb of Alexander.
588
00:32:20,400 --> 00:32:22,900
Yes, according to
Achilles Tatius.
589
00:32:22,900 --> 00:32:24,867
So, is that where
you started digging?
590
00:32:24,867 --> 00:32:29,867
I started there
because it's an area
never excavated before.
591
00:32:29,867 --> 00:32:31,767
And what have you found there?
592
00:32:31,767 --> 00:32:34,266
-Come on, I will show you.
-[Josh] You'll show me?
593
00:32:34,266 --> 00:32:36,533
-Yeah.
-I can't wait to see.
Come on, please.
594
00:32:40,166 --> 00:32:41,600
We wait for the light
to change
595
00:32:41,600 --> 00:32:44,467
and take a brisk walk
to the excavation site nearby.
596
00:32:44,467 --> 00:32:48,000
And from the moment we arrive,
it's clear that Calliope
and her team
597
00:32:48,000 --> 00:32:50,500
have been very, very busy.
598
00:32:50,500 --> 00:32:54,533
[chuckles in excitement]
Wow, look at this place!
599
00:32:55,467 --> 00:32:57,867
-It's amazing!
-[Calliope] It's huge.
600
00:33:01,667 --> 00:33:04,100
[Josh] You're, like,
excavating a city down here.
601
00:33:04,100 --> 00:33:05,667
[Calliope]
It's the royal city.
602
00:33:05,667 --> 00:33:09,266
[Josh] An army of workers,
a flurry of activity.
603
00:33:09,266 --> 00:33:11,667
Welcome to what is, or was,
604
00:33:11,667 --> 00:33:13,867
known as Shallalat Gardens.
605
00:33:15,100 --> 00:33:17,567
Hold on a second,
my mind is blown here.
606
00:33:17,567 --> 00:33:20,467
-So, the level
of the ground is up there.
-[Calliope] Yes.
607
00:33:20,467 --> 00:33:23,266
-[Josh] And now we're what?
-[Calliope] We are
thirty feet down.
608
00:33:23,266 --> 00:33:25,000
[Josh] Thirty feet
underground here.
609
00:33:25,000 --> 00:33:26,467
-This was just what, a park?
-And...
610
00:33:26,467 --> 00:33:28,900
A park,
a very nice green grass,
611
00:33:28,900 --> 00:33:32,266
flowers, trees,
and I destroyed them.
612
00:33:32,266 --> 00:33:34,433
[laughing]
613
00:33:35,367 --> 00:33:37,800
[Josh] Or more accurately,
she revealed it.
614
00:33:37,800 --> 00:33:40,867
Her excavations uncovered
a perfectly preserved
615
00:33:40,867 --> 00:33:43,300
ancient Roman road
called L2
616
00:33:43,300 --> 00:33:45,900
that runs parallel
to the Canopic Way,
617
00:33:45,900 --> 00:33:48,500
the main thoroughfare
of the ancient city.
618
00:33:48,500 --> 00:33:52,500
Incredibly, deeper down,
she also uncovered this.
619
00:33:52,500 --> 00:33:57,767
R-1, the major road
imagined by Alexander himself.
620
00:33:57,767 --> 00:34:02,000
This intersection puts us back
in time more than 2,000 years
621
00:34:02,000 --> 00:34:05,233
near where ancient accounts
place Alexander's tomb.
622
00:34:06,967 --> 00:34:08,400
It's a huge find,
623
00:34:08,400 --> 00:34:11,767
but there's a reason nobody
else has dug down this far.
624
00:34:13,667 --> 00:34:17,700
It was not easy because when
we went down about 20 feet,
625
00:34:17,700 --> 00:34:19,767
we arrive to the water table.
626
00:34:19,767 --> 00:34:21,467
-Oh, so it was flooded?
-Yes.
627
00:34:21,467 --> 00:34:23,400
And is that why
these many pumps are here?
628
00:34:23,400 --> 00:34:25,967
[Calliope] Yes,
there are pumps all around.
629
00:34:25,967 --> 00:34:27,767
-[Josh] Still
pumping out the water?
-[Calliope] We... Yes.
630
00:34:27,767 --> 00:34:30,867
Twenty-four hours per day,
365 days per year.
631
00:34:30,867 --> 00:34:32,300
[Josh] And without
these pumps?
632
00:34:32,300 --> 00:34:35,367
-[Calliope] We have
a lake here.
-[Josh] Wow.
633
00:34:35,367 --> 00:34:38,900
And how long were you digging?
634
00:34:38,900 --> 00:34:41,100
-Years.
-[laughs]
635
00:34:41,100 --> 00:34:43,467
-Years and years.
-Years. Years and years.
636
00:34:43,467 --> 00:34:46,867
But hold on,
once you hit this water table
and you're trying to pump out
637
00:34:46,867 --> 00:34:49,700
this water and keep digging,
were people telling you,
638
00:34:49,700 --> 00:34:52,600
"Calliope, enough.
There's nothing here."
639
00:34:52,600 --> 00:34:54,066
No, they told me,
"You are crazy."
640
00:34:54,066 --> 00:34:56,867
-[Josh laughs]
I was being polite.
-[chuckles]
641
00:34:56,867 --> 00:34:59,467
But this is
the secret of success
642
00:34:59,467 --> 00:35:02,867
because all archeological
missions in Alexandria
643
00:35:02,867 --> 00:35:05,700
-stop when they arrive
to the water table.
-[Josh] Hmm.
644
00:35:05,700 --> 00:35:08,667
But that means
they will never find
645
00:35:08,667 --> 00:35:10,467
-the Hellenistic layer...
-[Josh] Right.
646
00:35:10,467 --> 00:35:13,567
...because the Hellenistic
layer is under the water
table.
647
00:35:13,567 --> 00:35:14,867
Right.
648
00:35:14,867 --> 00:35:17,100
The Hellenistic,
or Greek layer,
649
00:35:17,100 --> 00:35:18,800
the one from Alexander's day,
650
00:35:18,800 --> 00:35:22,333
has been buried and built upon
over thousands of years.
651
00:35:23,266 --> 00:35:25,567
So, you have to be crazy
to find Alexander.
652
00:35:26,266 --> 00:35:28,967
-Uh, I don't say, "crazy."
-[laughs]
653
00:35:28,967 --> 00:35:30,667
-I am a dreamer.
-A dreamer.
654
00:35:30,667 --> 00:35:33,867
So, after 40 years
of digging in Alexandria
655
00:35:33,867 --> 00:35:36,000
and two years
digging in Shallalat,
656
00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:38,066
we started digging down there.
657
00:35:38,066 --> 00:35:40,667
-We arrived to 30 feet depth.
-[Josh] Okay.
658
00:35:40,667 --> 00:35:43,367
It was the moment that
I was exhausted, tired,
659
00:35:43,367 --> 00:35:45,600
and I thought,
"I should stop."
660
00:35:45,600 --> 00:35:48,200
And that day,
in the end of the day,
661
00:35:48,200 --> 00:35:52,000
the soil collapsed
and a small piece
of marble appeared.
662
00:35:52,000 --> 00:35:54,900
[Josh] So, you see
this piece of marble
sticking out of the wall.
663
00:35:54,900 --> 00:35:57,066
And did you know what it was?
664
00:35:57,066 --> 00:36:00,367
No, of course, we understood
it is a sculpture.
665
00:36:00,367 --> 00:36:02,567
-It's not just
a piece of marble.
-[Josh] Right.
666
00:36:02,567 --> 00:36:04,767
[Calliope] Then we realized
it was a knee.
667
00:36:04,767 --> 00:36:08,467
I took a brush
and started cleaning.
668
00:36:08,467 --> 00:36:11,000
And then I cleaned
all the face,
669
00:36:11,000 --> 00:36:14,667
and at that time I thought,
"We looked each other."
670
00:36:14,667 --> 00:36:15,800
[Josh] Hmm.
671
00:36:15,800 --> 00:36:19,200
"And this moment is the most
important moment of my life."
672
00:36:19,200 --> 00:36:22,100
-It was the statue...
-Of Alexander?
673
00:36:22,100 --> 00:36:24,667
It's a masterpiece.
674
00:36:24,667 --> 00:36:28,200
[Josh]
The largely intact statue
is now a prominent exhibit
675
00:36:28,200 --> 00:36:30,867
in Alexandria's
Graeco Roman Museum.
676
00:36:30,867 --> 00:36:34,867
It is believed to be from
the school of Lysippos Sicyon,
677
00:36:34,867 --> 00:36:38,500
the favored sculptor
of Alexander himself.
678
00:36:38,500 --> 00:36:41,467
I believe this is
the real face of Alexander.
679
00:36:41,467 --> 00:36:43,667
This is a common story
in archaeology.
680
00:36:43,667 --> 00:36:46,867
That right when
an archaeologist
is about to give up,
681
00:36:46,867 --> 00:36:49,166
the hand of providence
seems to appear.
682
00:36:49,166 --> 00:36:51,567
This happens to me
all the time.
683
00:36:51,567 --> 00:36:53,367
-So I...
-[indistinct
background chatter]
684
00:36:53,367 --> 00:36:55,467
-[Calliope] Okay, I'm coming.
-They found something?
685
00:36:55,467 --> 00:36:57,367
-Yeah, maybe. Let's go.
-Okay. Let's see.
686
00:36:57,367 --> 00:36:58,533
Please.
687
00:37:01,266 --> 00:37:02,467
What do we have?
688
00:37:02,467 --> 00:37:04,300
[Calliope] So,
what is it, Mahmoud?
689
00:37:04,300 --> 00:37:06,266
[Josh] Oh,
there's something there.
690
00:37:06,266 --> 00:37:08,200
[Calliope] Oh, my God,
it's being...
691
00:37:08,200 --> 00:37:09,467
[Josh] What is it?
692
00:37:09,467 --> 00:37:11,467
-Is it a coin?
-[Calliope] It's a coin.
693
00:37:18,266 --> 00:37:20,266
-It is a coin.
-[Calliope] Hmm!
694
00:37:20,266 --> 00:37:21,567
And big one.
695
00:37:21,567 --> 00:37:24,266
[Josh] Calliope Papakosta
has been excavating
696
00:37:24,266 --> 00:37:26,367
deep beneath
Alexandria, Egypt,
697
00:37:26,367 --> 00:37:29,266
searching for the greatest
prize in archaeology.
698
00:37:29,266 --> 00:37:32,066
The treasure-laden tomb
of the city's founder,
699
00:37:32,066 --> 00:37:35,000
the conqueror
Alexander the Great.
700
00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:37,667
Now, chief restorer
Mahmoud Samir
701
00:37:37,667 --> 00:37:41,100
has found something they hope
is from the Hellenistic
period,
702
00:37:41,100 --> 00:37:44,700
when Alexander ruled this city
as a god on earth.
703
00:37:44,700 --> 00:37:46,900
-May I?
-[Calliope chuckles]
Of course.
704
00:37:46,900 --> 00:37:49,667
-Look at that!
-[Calliope] It's bronze.
705
00:37:49,667 --> 00:37:53,300
[Josh] Bronze coin?
Any idea from when?
706
00:37:53,300 --> 00:37:55,800
From the size, I think
it's a Ptolemaic period,
707
00:37:55,800 --> 00:37:58,166
more than 2,000 years old.
708
00:37:58,166 --> 00:38:01,100
You know,
just a 2,000-year-old coin.
709
00:38:01,100 --> 00:38:02,467
-No big deal.
-[laughs]
710
00:38:02,467 --> 00:38:05,300
[Josh] The coin reinforces
Calliope's position
711
00:38:05,300 --> 00:38:08,266
that we are digging
in the Hellenistic period
of the city,
712
00:38:08,266 --> 00:38:10,700
the time when
the Ptolemaic pharaohs
713
00:38:10,700 --> 00:38:12,567
built Alexander's tomb.
714
00:38:12,567 --> 00:38:14,166
-Yeah, what else is here?
-What is here?
715
00:38:14,800 --> 00:38:16,066
[Josh] Oh, more?
716
00:38:16,066 --> 00:38:18,400
[Calliope chuckles]
No, this is marble.
717
00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:21,567
Any marble we find here,
we know it's not Egyptian.
718
00:38:21,567 --> 00:38:23,200
-[Josh] Right,
there's no marble in Egypt.
-Yeah.
719
00:38:23,200 --> 00:38:25,900
-There's no marble in Egypt.
-So, we know it's important.
720
00:38:25,900 --> 00:38:27,266
-We know
it's something special.
-[Calliope] Yes, yes.
721
00:38:27,266 --> 00:38:29,500
-[excitedly]
Ooh, look at this! Ah!
-Oh, my God! Look at this.
722
00:38:29,500 --> 00:38:33,066
-Great. Great.
-Incredible.
723
00:38:33,066 --> 00:38:35,266
[Josh] So this, this is, like,
an architectural element?
724
00:38:35,266 --> 00:38:38,166
[Calliope] It's a floral
design.
725
00:38:38,166 --> 00:38:41,367
This is perfect.
Maybe it's a part
of a capital,
726
00:38:41,367 --> 00:38:43,567
a Corinthian capital.
727
00:38:43,567 --> 00:38:46,367
[Josh] A capital
is the topmost piece
of a column
728
00:38:46,367 --> 00:38:49,100
and is usually the most
decorative part as well.
729
00:38:49,100 --> 00:38:53,333
This fragment is a clue
that something much larger
once stood here.
730
00:38:54,600 --> 00:38:55,800
Stunning.
731
00:38:55,800 --> 00:38:59,867
While Mahmoud's team
continues excavating
this hot spot,
732
00:38:59,867 --> 00:39:03,166
Calliope brings me back
over to the edge of her dig
733
00:39:03,166 --> 00:39:06,500
to show me what may be
the centerpiece of the site.
734
00:39:06,500 --> 00:39:09,667
We have these huge
limestone blocks here.
735
00:39:09,667 --> 00:39:11,300
This is what, like,
a foundation?
736
00:39:11,300 --> 00:39:16,367
It is the foundation stones
of a monumental construction.
737
00:39:16,367 --> 00:39:18,166
-This was the foundation
of a building?
-Yeah.
738
00:39:18,166 --> 00:39:21,166
[Josh] The size of these
foundation stones indicates
739
00:39:21,166 --> 00:39:24,100
that there must have been
something quite big here, yes?
740
00:39:24,100 --> 00:39:28,600
This base was made
for a building very tall
and very big.
741
00:39:28,600 --> 00:39:30,767
Yes. What is the extent
of this?
742
00:39:30,767 --> 00:39:32,900
Help me understand
how big this building was.
743
00:39:32,900 --> 00:39:37,100
-[Calliope] This part is
the south end of the building.
-[Josh] Okay.
744
00:39:37,100 --> 00:39:43,300
[Calliope] And we have
one line of limestone blocks
of about 140 feet.
745
00:39:43,300 --> 00:39:45,000
[Josh] This building's 140
feet long?
746
00:39:45,000 --> 00:39:46,266
-[Calliope] Length, yes.
-[Josh] Okay.
747
00:39:46,266 --> 00:39:47,867
This is a huge building.
748
00:39:47,867 --> 00:39:51,000
It looks like the sides
of the buildings,
here and here,
749
00:39:51,000 --> 00:39:53,700
-they go into this.
This is unexcavated.
-[Calliope] Yes.
750
00:39:53,700 --> 00:39:54,767
-Where is that part
of the building?
-Yes.
751
00:39:54,767 --> 00:39:56,700
This is the difficult part
of the work
752
00:39:56,700 --> 00:39:59,367
because we are very close
to the modern street
753
00:39:59,367 --> 00:40:01,200
-and this huge building.
-[Josh] Right.
754
00:40:01,200 --> 00:40:04,166
Right, there's literally
a massive, modern building
in a street here,
755
00:40:04,166 --> 00:40:06,467
-so you can't exactly
knock that down.
-No, we cannot.
756
00:40:06,467 --> 00:40:10,000
[Josh] The size of
the ancient structure and,
therefore, its importance,
757
00:40:10,000 --> 00:40:13,700
can't be fully measured
without reaching its
buried north wall.
758
00:40:13,700 --> 00:40:16,900
But providence is once again
on Calliope's side.
759
00:40:16,900 --> 00:40:21,800
But we were lucky
because recently we found
a late-Hellenistic tunnel.
760
00:40:21,800 --> 00:40:23,467
-You found a tunnel?
-A tunnel.
761
00:40:23,467 --> 00:40:24,667
What kind of tunnel?
762
00:40:24,667 --> 00:40:27,767
It's an arched
way of construction.
763
00:40:27,767 --> 00:40:30,166
Possibly, it is for water use.
764
00:40:30,166 --> 00:40:32,266
And how far
does this tunnel go?
765
00:40:32,266 --> 00:40:34,166
How far can you excavate it?
766
00:40:34,166 --> 00:40:35,367
We don't know.
767
00:40:35,367 --> 00:40:37,266
The excavation is in progress.
768
00:40:37,266 --> 00:40:38,667
-In the tunnel?
-[Calliope] In the tunnel.
769
00:40:38,667 --> 00:40:40,166
-Can I see?
-Of course.
770
00:40:42,367 --> 00:40:44,467
[Josh] Calliope brings me
over to the tunnel,
771
00:40:44,467 --> 00:40:46,467
which will hopefully
show us how large
772
00:40:46,467 --> 00:40:48,667
the mystery building
on her site is.
773
00:40:48,667 --> 00:40:51,367
Mahmoud is prepared
for us to explore.
774
00:40:51,367 --> 00:40:52,767
Ooh, this?
775
00:40:52,767 --> 00:40:54,667
[Calliope] Yeah,
this is the entrance.
776
00:40:54,667 --> 00:40:56,667
And this tunnel,
you did not dig this.
777
00:40:56,667 --> 00:40:58,400
This looks like
old construction.
778
00:40:58,400 --> 00:41:00,066
-It's an aqueduct, yes.
-[Josh] Ah-ha.
779
00:41:00,066 --> 00:41:02,000
This is a game-changer.
780
00:41:02,000 --> 00:41:04,667
At some point
after the year 30 B.C.,
781
00:41:04,667 --> 00:41:06,767
when Rome took control
of Egypt,
782
00:41:06,767 --> 00:41:09,567
engineers built
a water tunnel, or aqueduct,
783
00:41:09,567 --> 00:41:12,066
right along
the edge of this site.
784
00:41:12,066 --> 00:41:15,367
And so,
we can use the tunnel to see
where the building goes?
785
00:41:15,367 --> 00:41:17,200
Yes, Mahmoud will help you.
786
00:41:17,200 --> 00:41:18,667
-You'll take me in?
-[Mahmoud] Of course.
787
00:41:18,667 --> 00:41:20,400
-Are you coming?
-No, please.
788
00:41:20,400 --> 00:41:22,400
-But I...
-Wait, why no?
789
00:41:22,400 --> 00:41:24,166
It's your turn now
to go inside.
790
00:41:24,166 --> 00:41:26,066
-You'll be
up here if I need you?
-[Calliope] Waiting for you.
791
00:41:26,066 --> 00:41:28,867
-Waiting. [laughs]
-Waiting for you, nervously
waiting for you. [laughs]
792
00:41:28,867 --> 00:41:30,634
Okay, Mahmoud,
I'm coming down.
793
00:41:32,400 --> 00:41:33,533
Okay.
794
00:41:35,367 --> 00:41:36,700
So, let's see here.
795
00:41:36,700 --> 00:41:38,066
Oh, look at this thing.
796
00:41:38,066 --> 00:41:40,100
Okay, so we have some
of the groundwater in here.
797
00:41:40,100 --> 00:41:42,100
-How deep is this?
-[speaks other language]
798
00:41:42,100 --> 00:41:43,600
-Just past the ankle, okay.
-[in English] Yeah, yeah.
799
00:41:43,600 --> 00:41:45,000
-[Josh] Rubber boots?
-[Mahmoud] Yes.
800
00:41:45,000 --> 00:41:46,667
[Josh] Yeah, okay.
801
00:41:47,767 --> 00:41:49,367
To keep the tunnel passable,
802
00:41:49,367 --> 00:41:51,767
pumps are running 24 hours
a day,
803
00:41:51,767 --> 00:41:55,066
pulling ground water out
so we can go in.
804
00:41:56,467 --> 00:41:58,066
Okay, here we go.
805
00:42:01,300 --> 00:42:03,166
This is what? What is this?
806
00:42:04,467 --> 00:42:05,567
-[Josh] Air vent system.
-[Mahmoud] Yeah.
807
00:42:05,567 --> 00:42:08,033
-So this is pumping
fresh air in here?
-[Mahmoud] Yeah.
808
00:42:08,867 --> 00:42:10,333
Not enough, okay.
809
00:42:11,867 --> 00:42:14,300
Maybe that's some trivia
you keep to yourself, Mahmoud.
810
00:42:14,300 --> 00:42:16,634
-[both laugh]
-Let's keep moving, come on.
811
00:42:20,967 --> 00:42:24,667
We slowly advance,
feeling the literal weight
of centuries
812
00:42:24,667 --> 00:42:27,000
suspended directly
over our heads.
813
00:42:27,000 --> 00:42:29,000
To help make things
even more interesting,
814
00:42:29,000 --> 00:42:31,500
the passage gets tighter
as we go.
815
00:42:31,500 --> 00:42:34,066
-[Mahmoud speaking]
-[Josh] Ah-ha.
816
00:42:34,066 --> 00:42:36,567
-This is the ceiling
of the aqueduct.
-[Mahmoud] Yes.
817
00:42:37,867 --> 00:42:40,000
[Josh] Okay, and we're
going in there?
818
00:42:40,000 --> 00:42:41,500
[Mahmoud speaks]
819
00:42:41,500 --> 00:42:44,166
-Take care about my head,
how about my body?
-[Mahmoud chuckles]
820
00:42:44,166 --> 00:42:45,533
I'm not gonna fit in there.
821
00:42:48,100 --> 00:42:51,867
This, this is about
as tight as it gets.
822
00:42:53,467 --> 00:42:56,166
[grunting, panting]
823
00:43:00,600 --> 00:43:03,166
Okay, it's opening up
a little.
824
00:43:10,166 --> 00:43:13,533
Oh, this is insane!
825
00:43:16,367 --> 00:43:18,767
-[cars honking]
-[Josh] Alexandria's streets
are alive
826
00:43:18,767 --> 00:43:22,567
with the sound of horns
from hundreds of black
and yellow taxicabs.
827
00:43:22,567 --> 00:43:26,900
My local producer, Mohammed,
teaches me how to honk
like an Egyptian.
828
00:43:26,900 --> 00:43:28,667
-[car honks once]
-Okay, one beep, what's that?
829
00:43:28,667 --> 00:43:31,100
-That means, "I'm here."
-It's not angry?
830
00:43:31,100 --> 00:43:32,900
-No.
-It's just, "Hey, I'm here."
831
00:43:32,900 --> 00:43:34,567
-[car honks twice]
-[Josh] Okay, two beeps.
832
00:43:34,567 --> 00:43:38,100
You make a way for me to pass.
You're like, "Thank you."
833
00:43:38,100 --> 00:43:39,400
That's very strange for us.
834
00:43:39,400 --> 00:43:41,400
We think of beeping
as aggression,
835
00:43:41,400 --> 00:43:43,400
but two beeps
is actually a thank you.
836
00:43:43,400 --> 00:43:45,367
[horn blares thrice]
837
00:43:45,367 --> 00:43:47,500
-And what does that mean?
-Beep-beep-beep.
838
00:43:47,500 --> 00:43:50,500
-I love you.
-You're literally
making this up.
839
00:43:50,500 --> 00:43:51,767
-[honks thrice]
-[rhythmically] I love you.
840
00:43:51,767 --> 00:43:54,967
-[both laughing]
-[exclaims] Ha!
841
00:43:54,967 --> 00:43:56,967
-Yikes.
-[constant honking]
842
00:43:56,967 --> 00:43:59,467
-What happens above three?
-It's like,
843
00:44:00,767 --> 00:44:02,667
-[horn honks]
-"...you." I'm sorry.
844
00:44:02,667 --> 00:44:03,867
[both laugh]
845
00:44:03,867 --> 00:44:05,367
-That's universal.
-Yeah.
846
00:44:05,367 --> 00:44:07,634
-Everybody speaks
that language.
-[laughing] Everyone.
847
00:44:09,867 --> 00:44:12,734
[dramatic music playing]
848
00:44:17,300 --> 00:44:20,266
[exclaims] Ho! Oh, my word.
849
00:44:20,266 --> 00:44:22,500
This is insane!
850
00:44:22,500 --> 00:44:24,567
I'm treading lightly
through the tunnel
851
00:44:24,567 --> 00:44:27,967
of an ancient aqueduct
beneath Alexandria, Egypt.
852
00:44:27,967 --> 00:44:30,967
The passage may lead
to the northern wall
of a building
853
00:44:30,967 --> 00:44:34,867
that could be
the long-lost tomb
of Alexander the Great.
854
00:44:34,867 --> 00:44:37,867
So, the water tunnel
comes through here.
855
00:44:37,867 --> 00:44:40,734
-[Mahmoud] Yes.
-[Josh] But then what?
You excavated all this?
856
00:44:46,567 --> 00:44:48,634
-To prevent collapse?
-Yes.
857
00:44:49,500 --> 00:44:51,734
Okay. What have you
found down here?
858
00:44:55,767 --> 00:44:57,500
-[Josh] Oh, these are
foundation blocks.
-[Mahmoud] Yeah.
859
00:44:57,500 --> 00:44:59,000
Exactly like we see above.
860
00:44:59,000 --> 00:45:01,867
So this is
part of that shorter wall,
the western wall.
861
00:45:01,867 --> 00:45:04,467
But the hidden part
is that big northern edge.
862
00:45:04,467 --> 00:45:06,100
Have you found any of that?
863
00:45:06,100 --> 00:45:07,500
-[Mahmoud speaks]
-Yeah.
864
00:45:07,500 --> 00:45:08,834
-[Mahmoud] Yes.
-Come on.
865
00:45:14,667 --> 00:45:16,066
So, more stones.
866
00:45:16,066 --> 00:45:18,367
-This is the western wall,
yeah?
-So, that...
867
00:45:19,400 --> 00:45:20,767
Uh-huh.
868
00:45:20,767 --> 00:45:22,100
Oh, this is the corner!
869
00:45:22,100 --> 00:45:23,300
This is the northern wall.
870
00:45:23,300 --> 00:45:25,700
-Yeah. Yes.
-[Josh] You found the blocks
of the north walls.
871
00:45:25,700 --> 00:45:27,300
[Josh] Oh, my word!
872
00:45:27,300 --> 00:45:29,166
-This is the other side
of the building.
-Yes.
873
00:45:29,166 --> 00:45:31,200
[Josh] With the northern wall
discovered,
874
00:45:31,200 --> 00:45:33,467
the team here finally
has the dimensions
875
00:45:33,467 --> 00:45:35,000
of the mystery building.
876
00:45:35,000 --> 00:45:36,567
It is immense.
877
00:45:36,567 --> 00:45:41,467
Approximately 140 feet long
and 110 feet wide.
878
00:45:41,467 --> 00:45:45,000
That's bigger than the outline
of an Olympic-sized
swimming pool.
879
00:45:45,000 --> 00:45:47,867
It must have been
a hugely important building.
880
00:45:47,867 --> 00:45:50,900
And just based on dimensions,
it's certainly big enough
881
00:45:50,900 --> 00:45:53,567
to be a tomb
fit for Alexander.
882
00:45:55,667 --> 00:45:58,700
-We've got ceramics.
And is this plaster?
-[Mahmoud] Yeah.
883
00:45:58,700 --> 00:46:01,967
[excitedly] This is painted!
Look at this. Look at this.
884
00:46:01,967 --> 00:46:05,066
This is painted plaster.
And more.
885
00:46:06,300 --> 00:46:07,867
-Yellow?
-Yellow.
886
00:46:07,867 --> 00:46:09,600
Oh, my God.
887
00:46:09,600 --> 00:46:11,467
And also red.
888
00:46:11,467 --> 00:46:13,266
Look at this!
889
00:46:13,266 --> 00:46:16,100
We have red,
blue, and yellow plaster.
890
00:46:16,100 --> 00:46:19,867
So, I have seen these
colors before in Greece,
891
00:46:19,867 --> 00:46:24,066
in the tomb
of Philip the Second,
Alexander's father.
892
00:46:24,900 --> 00:46:26,900
And you have found
many of these?
893
00:46:26,900 --> 00:46:28,667
This whole thing was painted.
894
00:46:28,667 --> 00:46:32,567
[chuckles] These Greek,
Macedonian colors
895
00:46:32,567 --> 00:46:34,266
would have been on
the outside of this building.
896
00:46:34,266 --> 00:46:35,900
-[chuckles]
-That is amazing.
897
00:46:35,900 --> 00:46:39,867
The exterior paint has
survived for centuries
underground,
898
00:46:39,867 --> 00:46:43,367
and gives us
a tantalizing idea
of what this building
899
00:46:43,367 --> 00:46:45,634
might have looked like
in antiquity.
900
00:46:54,166 --> 00:46:56,000
This feels deeper than before.
901
00:46:56,000 --> 00:46:57,500
Why is this deeper?
902
00:46:57,500 --> 00:46:59,166
[alarm blares]
903
00:46:59,166 --> 00:47:03,367
[indistinct yelling]
904
00:47:07,367 --> 00:47:08,900
[Calliope] There's a problem.
905
00:47:08,900 --> 00:47:10,266
Please, hurry,
tell anyone to...
906
00:47:10,266 --> 00:47:13,200
[indistinct] ...the puddle's
filling with water!
907
00:47:13,200 --> 00:47:14,667
Get Josh out now!
908
00:47:14,667 --> 00:47:18,166
[man yells] The pumps
are down. You have to
get out of the tunnel!
909
00:47:18,600 --> 00:47:20,266
It's time to go, Josh!
910
00:47:20,266 --> 00:47:23,767
Mahmoud. Hold on!
911
00:47:23,767 --> 00:47:26,567
-What?
-[man yells] The pumps
are broken. Water's--
912
00:47:26,567 --> 00:47:28,567
-This is flooding.
This is flooding!
-Whoa.
913
00:47:28,567 --> 00:47:31,567
[Josh] Yes. We go, we go.
Come on, come on.
Let's get out of here!
914
00:47:31,567 --> 00:47:35,066
[yelling in other language]
915
00:47:39,367 --> 00:47:41,900
Here we go, guys.
Come on. Come on.
Come on.
916
00:47:41,900 --> 00:47:43,767
[muffled] Keep moving!
917
00:47:43,767 --> 00:47:45,767
We are about to be underwater.
918
00:47:45,767 --> 00:47:47,667
[water bubbling]
919
00:47:47,667 --> 00:47:50,166
[grunting] Gah! [bleep]
920
00:47:51,800 --> 00:47:53,200
Come on!
921
00:47:53,200 --> 00:47:55,066
We're gonna drown in here!
922
00:48:01,100 --> 00:48:04,600
Get ready because
Expedition Unknown is back.
923
00:48:04,600 --> 00:48:05,700
Let's do this.
924
00:48:05,700 --> 00:48:07,200
Whoo!
925
00:48:07,200 --> 00:48:10,200
And this season,
we're going everywhere.
926
00:48:10,200 --> 00:48:12,000
It's like
a whole another room.
927
00:48:12,000 --> 00:48:12,967
We gotta get in there.
928
00:48:12,967 --> 00:48:14,667
From a World War II mystery
929
00:48:14,667 --> 00:48:17,200
that takes me high
above the Arctic Circle...
930
00:48:17,200 --> 00:48:19,400
-This is a plane. [laughs]
-[man] Yeah.
931
00:48:19,400 --> 00:48:24,300
...to an urgent hunt
for lost American heroes
off the Ivory Coast.
932
00:48:24,300 --> 00:48:25,700
Ooh, what is that?
933
00:48:25,700 --> 00:48:27,800
I'm searching
on three continents
934
00:48:27,800 --> 00:48:30,066
for the real story
behind the saint
935
00:48:30,066 --> 00:48:31,500
who became Santa Claus.
936
00:48:31,500 --> 00:48:33,867
This is a bone
from St. Nicholas.
937
00:48:33,867 --> 00:48:34,967
Oh, my word!
938
00:48:34,967 --> 00:48:37,667
And diving remote islands
near Zanzibar
939
00:48:37,667 --> 00:48:39,867
to locate Africa's Atlantis.
940
00:48:39,867 --> 00:48:41,900
[over radio] We got
pottery here!
941
00:48:41,900 --> 00:48:45,300
[narrating] And on a quest
for the missing tomb
of Alexander the Great.
942
00:48:45,300 --> 00:48:50,100
New technology reveals secrets
that could rewrite
history itself.
943
00:48:50,100 --> 00:48:52,367
-[man] That's it.
-Oh, my God!
944
00:48:52,367 --> 00:48:55,900
It's all part of an all-new,
adventure-packed season
945
00:48:55,900 --> 00:48:57,867
of Expedition Unknown.