1
00:00:01,402 --> 00:00:03,135
[josh] tonight...
2
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The conclusion of our epic
quest to unlock
the mysteries of moses.
3
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-There's a tomb of moses?
-Yeah. Yes.
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Can we see it?
5
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I venture over 3000 years
into the past,
6
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Climbing to the peak
of mount sinai.
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We are now above most
of the other peaks,
8
00:00:19,053 --> 00:00:20,853
You can just see the outlines
in the darkness.
9
00:00:20,954 --> 00:00:23,922
And the search for evidence
that moses led his people
10
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Into the desert.
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00:00:24,959 --> 00:00:26,291
In the world of
the old testament,
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This would be an israelite.
This is pretty extraordinary.
13
00:00:29,230 --> 00:00:32,598
And a relic from exodus
may be lost in the depths
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Of the sea of galilee.
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It cannot be natural,
it has to be manmade.
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Can you show me where it is?
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-The water is warm,
though, right?
-No.
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[man] yeah.
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Okay, great.
20
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Just a couple guys under
a heavy cloth in the middle
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Of the desert.
Really breathes in here.
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Fire!
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Yes!
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I didn't know collecting data
could be this much fun.
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Hang on. Oh, boy.
Yeah! [laughs]
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It's an adventure with
only one commandment,
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"thou shalt watch."
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I'd say that about sums it up.
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My name is josh gates.
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Hello!
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Explorer,
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Adventurer...
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-Amazing.
-Help!
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...And a guy who ends up
in some very strange
situations.
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[bleep] whoo!
That was exciting.
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With a degree in
archaeology and a passion
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For the unexplained.
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-[laughs]
-I travel to the ends
of the earth
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Investigating the greatest
legends in history.
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Hey, let's punch it.
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This is expedition unkno.
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Moses, man or myth?
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I'm on a hunt for answers
using modern science
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And archaeology to unravel
the history behind
this biblical mystery.
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Moses is a prophet in judais
christianity and islam.
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A towering figure
with humble beginnings.
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According to scripture,
moses was a hebrew raised I
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The palace of the pharaoh
in egypt.
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One brick down,
a few hundred to go.
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00:02:12,066 --> 00:02:15,200
I've opened the sealed tomb
of a powerful vizier
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With a unique background.
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His name is aper-el.
It's not an egyptian name.
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So what is it?
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It's a semitic name.
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With evidence that a person
like moses was able to reac
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The highest ranks of
a pharaoh's court.
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I crossed into the vast
deserts of the sinai peninsu
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To a remote monastery
at the base
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Of the biblical mount sinai
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[rabbi] everything
was built here,
because this is the place
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Of the burning bush.
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Wait a minute, you mean
the burning bush?
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[grunts] come on.
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At the top of this most
mystical mountain,
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God himself is said
to have bestowed upon moses
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The 10 commandments.
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You can hear the wind
just sailing through.
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It's getting colder
and colder.
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00:03:02,016 --> 00:03:03,615
After hours of hiking,
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00:03:03,617 --> 00:03:07,052
The final test, more than
700 rock cut stairs
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To the peak.
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[exclaims, grunts]
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After regaining my footing,
I push on.
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Joined by hundreds
of faithful pilgrims
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Who are also making
the ascent.
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Everyone is now racing
to the top
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Trying to catch
the first light.
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And just as the rays
of the sun pierce through
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The veil of darkness,
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All of us arrive at the top
of the mountain.
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The summit. Whew!
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That is incredible.
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The view is quite simply,
well, divine.
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00:04:05,546 --> 00:04:08,213
"and they saw
the god of israel,
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And there was under his feet
as it were
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A paved work of
a sapphire stone
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And the body of heaven
in his clearness.
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And the sight of the glory
of the lord
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Was like devouring fire
on the top of the mount
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In the eyes of
the children of israel."
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I'd say that about sums it up.
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With the sun rising
in the sky,
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I enter into the shadows
of a chapel kept by the monk
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Of saint catherine's.
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This part of my investigatio
hasn't been about proof.
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00:04:55,829 --> 00:04:57,829
It's an exploration of faith
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00:04:57,831 --> 00:05:00,499
And no matter what you belie
or don't believe,
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00:05:00,501 --> 00:05:03,935
There is something
to be deeply respected here
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00:05:03,937 --> 00:05:06,238
The establishment
of the 10 commandments,
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A pivotal moment when humani
tried to better itself throu
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A set of fundamental
moral laws.
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As moses did after receivin
the 10 commandments,
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I begin to descend
mount sinai.
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Unfortunately,
when moses returns,
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He finds the israelites
have abandoned their faith
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And are worshiping
a golden calf.
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In an act of anger,
moses throws the tablets
to the ground.
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As a punishment
for their moment of weakness
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The israelites are condemne
to wander the desert
for 40 years
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Before reaching the land
promised to them by god.
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I'm hoping that such
a migration would have left
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An archeological footprint.
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00:05:53,220 --> 00:05:55,921
And now I hear
there's an eminent
french archaeologist
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00:05:55,923 --> 00:05:59,858
Working at an isolated site
that may have found
compelling evidence.
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00:06:01,662 --> 00:06:04,296
I drive from mount sinai
deeper into the desert
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Toward a place known
as serabit el-khadim
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Where the term remote
doesn't begin to cut it.
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Okay?
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00:06:11,972 --> 00:06:14,506
Guess this is the back way.
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00:06:14,508 --> 00:06:18,009
There are no roads here,
just temporary tracks
in the sand
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From 4x4s crossing
the vast desert.
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00:06:20,814 --> 00:06:24,449
Okay, I might be
a little lost.
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00:06:24,518 --> 00:06:26,952
Finding an archaeological si
out here is going
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To require some help.
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00:06:28,489 --> 00:06:31,356
Fortunately, my contact
has arranged for a guide.
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That is, if I can find him.
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Gps says I should be about
15 miles away,
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00:06:39,065 --> 00:06:41,833
But, out here, well,
that might take a while.
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00:06:44,104 --> 00:06:47,439
Driving in the desert
is not for the faint of heart.
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00:06:48,409 --> 00:06:51,109
Thousands of these
criss-crossed trails
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Leading in every direction,
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Not to mention blind corners,
sudden drops.
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And, of course, enough sand
to swallow even
the most rugged tires.
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00:07:02,423 --> 00:07:04,756
The key is to just keep
moving.
135
00:07:04,825 --> 00:07:07,726
After all, if you get stuck,
there's nobody here
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To help dig you out.
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Also, though,
it's extremely fun.
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Here we go.
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00:07:21,708 --> 00:07:26,211
To your left and your right,
left, right.
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Straight.
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00:07:31,051 --> 00:07:32,317
Okay.
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00:07:32,953 --> 00:07:35,020
Running out of plateau here.
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00:07:36,023 --> 00:07:37,622
Need to find a way down.
144
00:07:39,860 --> 00:07:41,460
Maybe here?
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Sure. Why not?
146
00:07:48,202 --> 00:07:50,135
Hang on. Oh, boy!
147
00:07:52,306 --> 00:07:53,939
[exclaims, laughs]
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00:07:53,941 --> 00:07:54,940
[whoops]
149
00:07:57,611 --> 00:07:58,810
Oh.
150
00:07:58,812 --> 00:08:00,612
I think I threw my back out
on that one.
151
00:08:03,417 --> 00:08:05,550
Oh. It's a rental.
152
00:08:08,055 --> 00:08:10,956
This guy should be somewhere
around here.
153
00:08:13,360 --> 00:08:16,428
Oh, I see a structure.
Okay, here we go.
154
00:08:16,964 --> 00:08:18,096
This has gotta be it.
155
00:08:18,164 --> 00:08:20,999
In a place that seems
utterly inhospitable,
156
00:08:21,001 --> 00:08:22,701
I find signs of life.
157
00:08:22,703 --> 00:08:26,805
A small bedouin camp
and the guide
I've traveled far to find.
158
00:08:26,807 --> 00:08:30,041
[both greeting
in foreign language]
159
00:08:30,110 --> 00:08:32,043
-You rabia?
-Yes, my name is rabia.
160
00:08:32,045 --> 00:08:35,447
Josh. I hear you're the man
if I want to go to the site
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-Known as serabit?
-Yes.
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00:08:37,117 --> 00:08:39,417
Okay, so we, we drive?
163
00:08:39,419 --> 00:08:41,253
-No, no, no, we'll go walk.
-We walk?
164
00:08:41,321 --> 00:08:43,655
-How far is it?
-It's far, yeah.
165
00:08:43,723 --> 00:08:46,525
-Perfect. Okay, I'm right
behind you. Come on, let's go.
-Yeah.
166
00:08:49,830 --> 00:08:52,397
My new bedouin friend
leads us away from camp
167
00:08:52,399 --> 00:08:54,499
And into a steep
walled ravine.
168
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The bedouins are
the masters of the desert.
169
00:08:58,538 --> 00:09:01,640
Without my guide here,
I'd never find
this hidden trail.
170
00:09:01,741 --> 00:09:04,676
As it is, I'm mostly
focused on not
falling off of it.
171
00:09:05,712 --> 00:09:07,212
A little bit of a drop off.
172
00:09:10,817 --> 00:09:13,818
We climb higher and higher
toward a hidden site,
173
00:09:13,820 --> 00:09:16,388
A place that might reveal
if the semitic people
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00:09:16,390 --> 00:09:19,424
From exodus traveled throug
the sinai.
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00:09:19,426 --> 00:09:22,627
My guide is climbing
in sandals,
but the higher we get,
176
00:09:22,629 --> 00:09:25,163
The more I'm relying on
the grip of my boots.
177
00:09:26,533 --> 00:09:27,732
Okay.
178
00:09:29,002 --> 00:09:30,635
No room for error here.
179
00:09:31,405 --> 00:09:32,938
Very narrow.
180
00:09:34,942 --> 00:09:38,043
Finally, we emerge on
a high desert plateau.
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Oh!
182
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-This is the top, yeah.
-It's the top.
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Amidst all this
natural desolation,
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I'm stunned to see ancient
manmade construction
185
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In the distance.
186
00:09:49,823 --> 00:09:51,056
The temple here.
187
00:09:51,058 --> 00:09:52,924
-Okay.
-Me, I go back.
188
00:09:52,926 --> 00:09:54,826
-Okay, I leave you here.
-Okay, goodbye.
189
00:09:54,828 --> 00:09:56,628
-Thank you so much.
-Welcome. Welcome.
190
00:09:56,630 --> 00:09:57,929
Bye-bye.
191
00:09:57,931 --> 00:10:00,799
I walk toward the site,
which feels like something
192
00:10:00,801 --> 00:10:02,133
From another world.
193
00:10:02,202 --> 00:10:04,202
To find out what
it's doing out here,
194
00:10:04,204 --> 00:10:07,706
I'm meeting french
egyptologist pierre tallet.
195
00:10:07,708 --> 00:10:10,842
-Pierre, I'm josh,
nice to meet you.
-Pleased to meet you.
196
00:10:10,911 --> 00:10:13,311
I'm kind of in shock
looking at this.
197
00:10:13,313 --> 00:10:15,814
This is not at all
what I expected to be up here.
198
00:10:15,816 --> 00:10:18,950
Well, it is one of
the most remote temples
in egypt.
199
00:10:18,952 --> 00:10:23,722
It has been built
around 2000 bc by miners.
200
00:10:25,125 --> 00:10:26,958
While the sinai might
look empty,
201
00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:28,627
That's only on the surface.
202
00:10:28,629 --> 00:10:31,730
Ancient egyptians sent
expeditions vast distances
203
00:10:31,732 --> 00:10:34,899
From the nile delta to recov
commodities like copper,
204
00:10:34,901 --> 00:10:36,935
Or in this case, turquoise.
205
00:10:36,937 --> 00:10:40,505
Precious beautiful stone,
valuable to egyptians.
206
00:10:40,507 --> 00:10:42,107
Yeah.
207
00:10:45,812 --> 00:10:50,248
Atop this plateau are
no fewer than 30 ancient
turquoise mines.
208
00:10:50,350 --> 00:10:54,352
And in the center of the sit
the egyptians built this,
209
00:10:54,421 --> 00:10:57,656
A hilltop temple nearly
4000 years old
210
00:10:57,724 --> 00:11:01,126
Carved by the miners
who toiled here far from hom
211
00:11:12,506 --> 00:11:15,073
I got it. So every year when
an expedition would come here
212
00:11:15,075 --> 00:11:16,941
From egypt,
they would erect a monument.
213
00:11:17,043 --> 00:11:19,911
-Yeah, basically
recording everything.
-Everything?
214
00:11:19,913 --> 00:11:23,148
You can even find the record
of the food and drinks.
215
00:11:23,216 --> 00:11:25,617
Stele like this are some
of the earliest forms
216
00:11:25,619 --> 00:11:27,318
Of posting on social media.
217
00:11:27,320 --> 00:11:29,721
Right down to the annoying
pictures of food.
218
00:11:29,723 --> 00:11:33,425
-Even the menu's on here.
-Yeah, even the menus
and feasts are there.
219
00:11:33,427 --> 00:11:36,227
Okay, let's keep moving.
220
00:11:36,329 --> 00:11:39,230
But not everything
in this lost temple
is egyptian.
221
00:11:39,232 --> 00:11:41,533
There's someone else here.
222
00:11:41,634 --> 00:11:45,336
Here's something very special.
You see this guy here?
223
00:11:45,405 --> 00:11:47,038
-Yes, he's on an animal.
-[speaking]
224
00:11:47,941 --> 00:11:48,940
Okay.
225
00:11:53,914 --> 00:11:54,813
Ever?
226
00:12:00,020 --> 00:12:01,319
This is a semitic person?
227
00:12:09,229 --> 00:12:10,762
In the world of
the old testament,
228
00:12:10,864 --> 00:12:12,597
This would be an israelite,
this would be someone
229
00:12:12,599 --> 00:12:13,898
-Yeah.
-From the land of canaan?
230
00:12:13,966 --> 00:12:16,634
-From the land of canaanite.
-This is pretty extraordinary.
231
00:12:17,204 --> 00:12:18,737
Holy moses.
232
00:12:18,838 --> 00:12:21,940
This is evidence literally
carved in stone
233
00:12:21,942 --> 00:12:24,576
That israelites were
working in the sinai desert
234
00:12:24,578 --> 00:12:27,312
Around the time of
the exodus story.
235
00:12:27,314 --> 00:12:30,949
You look historically
for connection points
236
00:12:30,951 --> 00:12:33,418
For things that may have
inspired these stories.
237
00:12:33,420 --> 00:12:36,221
But the idea that there are
semitic people here
238
00:12:36,223 --> 00:12:39,224
Working here in egypt
in the sinai,
239
00:12:39,226 --> 00:12:41,693
You start to see at least
some linkage with the idea
240
00:12:41,695 --> 00:12:43,561
That you have
this movement of people.
241
00:12:43,663 --> 00:12:45,797
Yeah, this is a meeting point
of cultures.
242
00:12:45,799 --> 00:12:48,233
-Wow.
-Now there is something
very interesting
243
00:12:48,334 --> 00:12:49,901
I want you to see inside.
244
00:12:49,903 --> 00:12:52,403
-Inside? Yeah.
-Inside the cave.
245
00:12:52,405 --> 00:12:55,507
-What's more interesting
than this? Please.
-Yeah.
246
00:12:55,509 --> 00:12:58,843
Josh, this is most
important part of the temple.
247
00:13:00,013 --> 00:13:03,615
The shrine, which is devoted
to the main divinity.
248
00:13:03,617 --> 00:13:05,416
Right, this is
the goddess here
249
00:13:05,418 --> 00:13:07,018
-And this is the king?
-[speaking]
250
00:13:10,724 --> 00:13:13,491
Hathor is the cow goddess?
251
00:13:13,493 --> 00:13:17,529
Hathor, the egyptian goddes
of love, fertility, music
252
00:13:17,531 --> 00:13:21,032
And pleasure was depicted
as a woman, often with horns
253
00:13:21,835 --> 00:13:24,335
She's shown in
the human form here.
254
00:13:24,404 --> 00:13:27,739
The horns are there because
she was also represented
as a cow
255
00:13:27,841 --> 00:13:30,542
Which has a very intriguing
parallel with exodus.
256
00:13:32,312 --> 00:13:36,714
Remember that golden calf
the israelites were
worshipping at mount sinai?
257
00:13:36,716 --> 00:13:39,651
This is a really
tantalizing possibility.
258
00:13:39,752 --> 00:13:42,220
The idea that we have
in exodus,
259
00:13:42,222 --> 00:13:45,223
This golden calf that
these people start
worshipping.
260
00:13:45,225 --> 00:13:47,358
And here we have
semitic people
261
00:13:47,460 --> 00:13:50,528
-Who are worshipping
a cow goddess.
-Yeah. Yeah.
262
00:13:50,530 --> 00:13:52,964
This place isn't just
a turquoise mine.
263
00:13:53,032 --> 00:13:55,934
It's an archaeological
goldmine.
264
00:13:55,936 --> 00:13:57,735
And in one of
the nearby chambers,
265
00:13:57,804 --> 00:14:00,605
Pierre shows me one
more piece of history,
266
00:14:00,607 --> 00:14:02,640
One that applies to all of u
267
00:14:12,352 --> 00:14:15,153
These miners,
these semitic people
that are here,
268
00:14:15,255 --> 00:14:17,522
They start scribbling this
into the wall.
269
00:14:17,524 --> 00:14:20,325
-Yeah.
-Why? What, what does
it represent?
270
00:14:32,038 --> 00:14:33,037
Aleph?
271
00:14:33,039 --> 00:14:35,607
Aleph is the semitic word
for an ox,
272
00:14:35,609 --> 00:14:37,141
Hence the horns.
273
00:14:37,143 --> 00:14:39,978
But it's the first sound
of aleph that
the semitic people
274
00:14:39,980 --> 00:14:41,946
Were trying to represent.
275
00:14:42,048 --> 00:14:45,817
What happens
if you flip it upside down?
276
00:14:45,819 --> 00:14:47,819
-It's an egg.
-Exactly.
277
00:14:47,821 --> 00:14:51,556
So, aleph is an ox.
278
00:14:51,658 --> 00:14:53,458
You draw an ox,
you flip it upside down,
279
00:14:53,559 --> 00:14:55,260
-We have the letter a?
-You have an a.
280
00:14:55,328 --> 00:14:57,829
Or this symbol for water
pronounced "mem".
281
00:14:57,831 --> 00:15:01,699
Or if you cover the edges,
we would know it as an m.
282
00:15:16,049 --> 00:15:17,615
That's where we get the word
alphabet?
283
00:15:17,617 --> 00:15:19,117
-Yeah.
-I quit.
284
00:15:19,119 --> 00:15:20,551
-I just...
-Yeah.
285
00:15:20,653 --> 00:15:22,020
You just made
my brain explode.
286
00:15:22,022 --> 00:15:23,121
[laughs]
287
00:15:33,400 --> 00:15:35,934
This is crazy.
288
00:15:35,936 --> 00:15:41,039
What you were seeing here
is perhaps the most importan
graffiti in the world.
289
00:15:41,041 --> 00:15:44,809
That ox and the other symbol
would be used by
the phoenicians
290
00:15:44,811 --> 00:15:47,145
Then in hebrew,
greek and latin.
291
00:15:47,213 --> 00:15:50,615
And on and on,
until you learned it as a ki
292
00:15:50,617 --> 00:15:52,784
And it started here.
293
00:15:52,786 --> 00:15:54,819
When it comes to
the israelites,
294
00:15:54,821 --> 00:15:56,754
When it comes to
the semitic people.
295
00:15:56,823 --> 00:16:00,992
This is as personal
a connection to these people
296
00:16:00,994 --> 00:16:02,327
As you can imagine.
297
00:16:02,329 --> 00:16:06,164
This is their fingerprints,
someone sat here, right here.
298
00:16:06,265 --> 00:16:08,299
-Yeah.
-And carved the very
beginnings
299
00:16:08,301 --> 00:16:10,635
-Of our written language.
-Yeah.
300
00:16:10,704 --> 00:16:14,038
This is really extraordinary.
Everybody should see this.
301
00:16:14,040 --> 00:16:16,607
After all, we're writing it
every day.
302
00:16:16,609 --> 00:16:17,942
Yeah, of course.
303
00:16:19,212 --> 00:16:22,513
I thank pierre and leave
the ruins of serabit el-khad
304
00:16:22,515 --> 00:16:23,915
In a state of amazement,
305
00:16:23,917 --> 00:16:26,417
Having seen evidence
of ancient semites
306
00:16:26,419 --> 00:16:28,720
Passing through here
during the time of moses,
307
00:16:28,722 --> 00:16:31,255
Along with a lesson
in my abcs.
308
00:16:32,926 --> 00:16:35,727
I returned to the desert
and my wanderings
309
00:16:35,729 --> 00:16:39,630
Following the israelites sto
through history.
310
00:16:39,632 --> 00:16:44,102
After 40 years in the sinai
god finally allowed
his chosen people
311
00:16:44,104 --> 00:16:45,737
Into the promised land.
312
00:16:45,805 --> 00:16:48,706
It only takes me another day
another country
313
00:16:48,708 --> 00:16:52,610
And another rented truck
to cross the 250 or so miles
314
00:16:54,147 --> 00:16:57,215
We are approaching the spot
where the bible says
315
00:16:57,217 --> 00:16:59,717
The hebrews entered
the land of canaan.
316
00:16:59,719 --> 00:17:02,487
At this point led
by my namesake, joshua.
317
00:17:02,489 --> 00:17:05,757
And just like him, I've got
to cross the river jordan.
318
00:17:05,825 --> 00:17:07,325
Cue the gospel music.
319
00:17:07,327 --> 00:17:09,327
[gospel music playing]
320
00:17:12,265 --> 00:17:14,399
Welcome to the holy land.
321
00:17:14,401 --> 00:17:17,702
Today, this is israel
and the palestinian
territories,
322
00:17:17,704 --> 00:17:20,438
And civilization is everywhe
you look.
323
00:17:20,507 --> 00:17:24,208
But when did it arrive here
and who brought it?
324
00:17:24,210 --> 00:17:26,544
To find out, I drive into
the west bank
325
00:17:26,646 --> 00:17:28,446
At a place known
as el-mastarah
326
00:17:28,515 --> 00:17:31,616
Where an international team
is using cutting edge scienc
327
00:17:31,618 --> 00:17:33,818
To learn about who was livin
in this area
328
00:17:33,820 --> 00:17:36,054
During the potential time
of exodus.
329
00:17:39,092 --> 00:17:40,958
[music ends]
330
00:17:41,060 --> 00:17:44,962
I park and hike up
to meet archaeologist
david ben-shlomo.
331
00:17:45,632 --> 00:17:48,199
-Hey. David.
-Oh, hi.
332
00:17:48,201 --> 00:17:49,734
-Hi, josh.
-Nice office.
333
00:17:49,836 --> 00:17:51,803
-Oh, yeah.
-Not the easiest place
to find.
334
00:17:51,805 --> 00:17:53,304
Yeah, it's a good location.
335
00:17:53,306 --> 00:17:54,539
Especially if you don't want
to be bothered.
336
00:17:54,640 --> 00:17:57,041
-Yeah.
-So, okay, I've come
to talk to you about
337
00:17:57,110 --> 00:17:59,844
The bible, specifically
moses, exodus.
338
00:17:59,913 --> 00:18:04,148
So in the story, we have
the israelites coming here
339
00:18:04,250 --> 00:18:05,349
Into the land
of canaan, right?
340
00:18:05,351 --> 00:18:07,985
And they are effectively
nomads at this point.
341
00:18:07,987 --> 00:18:11,522
So, do we have any evidence
for this part of the story?
342
00:18:11,524 --> 00:18:14,058
Are there nomadic people
moving through this land?
343
00:18:14,160 --> 00:18:15,993
Well, we might have.
344
00:18:15,995 --> 00:18:18,329
-Right here.
-Like, right here, right here?
345
00:18:21,034 --> 00:18:23,000
-This is a circle.
-Yeah, have a look.
346
00:18:23,002 --> 00:18:24,268
These are all structures.
347
00:18:24,270 --> 00:18:26,237
So what do we think
these were used for?
348
00:18:30,009 --> 00:18:32,110
Do we have evidence
that people were
living in here?
349
00:18:34,848 --> 00:18:36,047
Right.
350
00:18:37,617 --> 00:18:39,317
But we didn't find anything.
351
00:18:39,319 --> 00:18:43,321
But nearby, there's a site
which we can get much
more evidence.
352
00:18:43,323 --> 00:18:45,356
-I like evidence. Please.
-You want to see that?
353
00:18:45,425 --> 00:18:46,924
Then follow me.
354
00:18:46,926 --> 00:18:50,228
We climb up a rocky hill
which leads to
an incredible view
355
00:18:50,230 --> 00:18:52,063
And some serious ruins.
356
00:18:52,932 --> 00:18:56,300
-Okay.
-So this is our main site.
357
00:18:56,302 --> 00:18:58,402
So, we have a lot more than
just stone circles here.
358
00:18:58,404 --> 00:18:59,737
-I can see immediately.
-Yeah.
359
00:18:59,806 --> 00:19:02,140
And so, walk me through
the architecture here.
360
00:19:02,208 --> 00:19:04,308
-I see what looks like
a wall over there?
-Yeah,
361
00:19:04,310 --> 00:19:06,744
You can see the basic thing
is the whole settlement
362
00:19:06,846 --> 00:19:08,846
Is surrounded
by fortification wall.
363
00:19:08,915 --> 00:19:10,448
We call it the casemate wall.
364
00:19:10,517 --> 00:19:12,316
It's made out of two lines
of stones.
365
00:19:12,318 --> 00:19:14,352
It's very typical of
the iron age
366
00:19:14,453 --> 00:19:16,220
Or the first temple period.
367
00:19:16,222 --> 00:19:18,523
The iron age in this part
of the world stretched
368
00:19:18,525 --> 00:19:21,492
From about 1200 to 600 bce,
369
00:19:21,494 --> 00:19:25,563
Just after the time
of the events described
in exodus.
370
00:19:25,631 --> 00:19:27,598
So if we kind of put this
in the world of moses,
371
00:19:27,600 --> 00:19:31,102
He would have lived in what
we call the end of
the bronze age.
372
00:19:31,104 --> 00:19:33,104
-Yeah.
-And so, the iron age
is the...
373
00:19:33,106 --> 00:19:35,039
-Or the first temple period?
This is what comes after that?
-Yeah.
374
00:19:35,041 --> 00:19:38,242
At the end of this
bronze age period
going into the iron age,
375
00:19:38,344 --> 00:19:40,811
-Like, a huge shift
does happen, right?
-Yeah.
376
00:19:40,813 --> 00:19:44,949
A transition towards
a more complex state society
377
00:19:44,951 --> 00:19:48,452
With kings and priests
and taxes and writing.
378
00:19:48,521 --> 00:19:50,488
-And that's, that's coming
from somewhere?
-Yeah,
379
00:19:50,490 --> 00:19:53,457
It has to come from somewhere,
it cannot pop up from nothing.
380
00:19:53,559 --> 00:19:55,526
Where are the seeds of this?
381
00:19:55,528 --> 00:19:57,862
As we can see by
these elaborate ruins,
382
00:19:57,964 --> 00:19:59,797
By the time
the iron age arrives,
383
00:19:59,799 --> 00:20:02,200
A complex society
is taking root.
384
00:20:02,202 --> 00:20:05,203
So did it arrive here
with the children
of the exodus
385
00:20:05,205 --> 00:20:06,737
In the bronze age?
386
00:20:06,806 --> 00:20:08,940
It's really a problem
not yet solved,
387
00:20:08,942 --> 00:20:11,042
I think because so far
from that period,
388
00:20:11,110 --> 00:20:13,311
We don't have any evidence,
but we are looking for it.
389
00:20:13,313 --> 00:20:16,214
Maybe there isn't signs
of earlier habitation here.
390
00:20:16,216 --> 00:20:18,115
-Underneath the iron age?
-Underneath, yeah.
391
00:20:18,117 --> 00:20:20,952
In order to find earlier,
we have to dig deeper.
392
00:20:20,954 --> 00:20:23,721
And so your team primarily
is working down here?
393
00:20:23,723 --> 00:20:26,958
Yes, we are working
down there in the northern
part of the site.
394
00:20:28,361 --> 00:20:31,729
To pinpoint how deep we nee
to dig for bronze age relics
395
00:20:31,731 --> 00:20:33,097
I head down the hill,
396
00:20:33,165 --> 00:20:36,234
Passing excavators
hard at work uncovering
the past.
397
00:20:37,604 --> 00:20:40,705
Until I find geo archaeologi
oren ackermann.
398
00:20:42,008 --> 00:20:44,442
-Hi, how are you? I'm josh.
-Hi, josh.
399
00:20:44,543 --> 00:20:46,010
-Nice to meeting you.
-Nice meeting you too.
400
00:20:46,012 --> 00:20:47,612
And what are you working
on here?
401
00:20:47,614 --> 00:20:49,714
-Have a seat
and I'll show you.
-Sure.
402
00:20:50,650 --> 00:20:52,049
So, what have we got here?
403
00:20:52,151 --> 00:20:55,786
So, josh,
we are archaeologists
and we deal with layers.
404
00:20:55,788 --> 00:20:57,421
History is all about layers.
405
00:20:57,423 --> 00:20:59,323
So I'm using a new technique.
406
00:20:59,325 --> 00:21:00,925
-Okay.
-Portable osl.
407
00:21:00,927 --> 00:21:03,060
Portable osl? What is osl?
408
00:21:03,129 --> 00:21:06,430
Osl is optically
stimulated luminescence.
409
00:21:06,432 --> 00:21:09,300
So, in the sediment there
is quartz.
410
00:21:09,302 --> 00:21:11,802
There's quartz, right?
So this is bits
of quartz crystals
411
00:21:11,804 --> 00:21:13,204
-That are trapped
in the dirt here.
-Yes.
412
00:21:13,206 --> 00:21:14,839
Okay.
413
00:21:14,907 --> 00:21:17,642
When the particles of quart
become trapped in the earth
414
00:21:17,710 --> 00:21:21,212
They begin to accumulate
radiation from
the surrounding soil.
415
00:21:21,214 --> 00:21:22,946
The longer the quartz
is there,
416
00:21:22,948 --> 00:21:27,051
The more radiation it absorb
which is where oren's
machine comes in.
417
00:21:27,053 --> 00:21:31,956
What we do, we stimulated
this radiation in the lab
418
00:21:31,958 --> 00:21:34,258
Or in the portable equipment
that we have here.
419
00:21:34,360 --> 00:21:36,127
How are you stim--
what do you mean?
420
00:21:36,129 --> 00:21:37,928
Like, what, you put on
some marvin gaye?
421
00:21:37,930 --> 00:21:39,030
What do you mean
you stimulate it?
422
00:21:39,032 --> 00:21:41,065
What are you, what are
you talking about?
423
00:21:41,133 --> 00:21:44,502
The osl releases the radiati
in the quartz crystals
424
00:21:44,504 --> 00:21:47,405
And counts the number
of photons that
are discharged.
425
00:21:47,407 --> 00:21:51,242
The higher the number
of photons, the older
the sample.
426
00:21:51,311 --> 00:21:55,713
So if we want to see
if there are bronze age
people here,
427
00:21:55,715 --> 00:21:58,749
If we want to think about
this biblical story of
the time of moses,
428
00:21:58,818 --> 00:22:00,251
We have to maybe look deeper.
429
00:22:00,353 --> 00:22:01,619
Yes, but there's one problem.
430
00:22:01,621 --> 00:22:03,521
-Okay.
-Because when I sample it,
431
00:22:03,523 --> 00:22:06,257
It might be exposed again
to the sun.
432
00:22:06,359 --> 00:22:09,226
-So we need to make it dark?
-So I have this cover.
433
00:22:09,228 --> 00:22:14,031
-So I put above the section
and then I go inside.
-Uh-huh.
434
00:22:14,033 --> 00:22:16,200
You would like to join me?
435
00:22:16,202 --> 00:22:17,535
Jeez, thought you'd never ask.
436
00:22:17,603 --> 00:22:18,935
-[laughs]
-let's go.
437
00:22:18,937 --> 00:22:21,339
In order for the machine
to get an accurate reading,
438
00:22:21,407 --> 00:22:24,241
The samples must be
totally shielded from the su
439
00:22:24,310 --> 00:22:27,411
And unfortunately, it's abou
noon here in the middle east
440
00:22:27,413 --> 00:22:29,213
This is weird. Here we go.
441
00:22:29,215 --> 00:22:30,614
Okay.
442
00:22:30,616 --> 00:22:32,817
-Hi. How are you?
-Hi.
443
00:22:32,819 --> 00:22:35,953
-Okay, how are you?
-I'm, I'm good. I'm good.
444
00:22:36,022 --> 00:22:38,823
Well, here we are, just
a couple guys under
445
00:22:38,825 --> 00:22:41,325
A heavy cloth in the middle
of the desert.
446
00:22:41,327 --> 00:22:43,527
Really breathes in here.
447
00:22:43,529 --> 00:22:45,329
Why are you taking
your pants off?
448
00:22:45,331 --> 00:22:46,597
-Just kidding.
-[laughs]
449
00:22:46,599 --> 00:22:47,865
Okay, so...
450
00:22:48,935 --> 00:22:50,301
So, okay, what's our plan?
451
00:22:50,303 --> 00:22:52,036
-We're gonna scrape
some soil here?
-Yes.
452
00:22:52,038 --> 00:22:54,338
So do we just start
on the wall here,
what do we do?
453
00:22:54,407 --> 00:22:56,640
First, I have to make
a clean cut.
454
00:22:56,709 --> 00:22:58,809
To soil that has not been
exposed to the air.
455
00:23:01,748 --> 00:23:04,348
For comparison, oren
collects samples from near
456
00:23:04,450 --> 00:23:05,782
The surface layer,
457
00:23:05,784 --> 00:23:08,219
Then the iron age
and finally deeper
in the earth
458
00:23:08,221 --> 00:23:10,354
And what we hope
is the bronze age.
459
00:23:11,124 --> 00:23:12,556
All right, we've got
our samples.
460
00:23:12,625 --> 00:23:13,858
Whoo!
461
00:23:13,926 --> 00:23:15,960
Tell you one thing,
pretty, pretty warm in here.
462
00:23:16,061 --> 00:23:17,962
-Yes.
-Time to go into the light?
463
00:23:18,063 --> 00:23:20,064
-Time to go to the light.
-Let's go into the light.
464
00:23:21,000 --> 00:23:23,033
[grunts] okay.
465
00:23:23,035 --> 00:23:24,668
Whoo.
466
00:23:24,770 --> 00:23:28,205
Samples safely in hand,
we bring them to
a light-shielded tent
467
00:23:28,207 --> 00:23:30,508
Where the machine can count
their photons.
468
00:23:31,377 --> 00:23:33,344
[oren] open the drawer.
469
00:23:33,413 --> 00:23:35,646
And put the sample
into the slot here.
470
00:23:35,715 --> 00:23:36,714
Uh-huh.
471
00:23:37,150 --> 00:23:38,249
Close it.
472
00:23:38,350 --> 00:23:40,851
First, top layer.
473
00:23:40,920 --> 00:23:43,020
-Okay.
-And we run the first sample.
474
00:23:43,022 --> 00:23:44,221
Here we go.
475
00:23:45,324 --> 00:23:48,526
In short order, we process
every sample we collected.
476
00:23:48,528 --> 00:23:51,228
Thankfully, the computer
doesn't need to work for lon
477
00:23:52,832 --> 00:23:54,832
-Okay, we have results.
-Okay.
478
00:23:54,901 --> 00:23:57,601
-So what are
we looking at here?
-For each layer, we have
479
00:23:57,603 --> 00:23:58,736
A photon counts.
480
00:23:58,805 --> 00:24:00,905
So for the top layer close
to the surface,
481
00:24:00,907 --> 00:24:03,441
Photon count is 3902.
482
00:24:03,509 --> 00:24:06,644
-The transition.
-And then we jump way down
483
00:24:06,745 --> 00:24:09,246
-To the iron age where
the number's way higher.
-Yes.
484
00:24:09,315 --> 00:24:12,049
We have 30,036.
485
00:24:12,118 --> 00:24:13,317
-Yes.
-Way above.
486
00:24:13,319 --> 00:24:15,119
-And if you go deeper.
-Bronze age.
487
00:24:15,121 --> 00:24:16,253
-Yes.
-We have a signal
488
00:24:16,355 --> 00:24:20,591
All the way up
to 83,205 photons.
489
00:24:20,593 --> 00:24:23,127
-So we have middle bronze age.
-We have middle bronze age
490
00:24:23,129 --> 00:24:27,064
-In this site.
-And soil that emits
over 80,000 photons
491
00:24:27,066 --> 00:24:28,599
Should be from the bronze age.
492
00:24:28,601 --> 00:24:29,933
Absolutely.
493
00:24:29,935 --> 00:24:32,603
If we find material
with this signal,
we are in the money.
494
00:24:32,605 --> 00:24:35,506
We're in the money.
Okay, bronze age.
495
00:24:35,508 --> 00:24:36,707
Let's look.
496
00:24:38,044 --> 00:24:40,711
Now that we know exactly
in which layer to dig,
497
00:24:40,713 --> 00:24:43,214
I linked back up with david
and his team.
498
00:24:44,717 --> 00:24:48,319
We begin excavating below
the iron age structures
in the soil
499
00:24:48,321 --> 00:24:52,223
That has now been identifie
as coming from the bronze ag
500
00:24:52,225 --> 00:24:55,626
It's meticulous dusty work,
but at least I'm not doing I
501
00:24:55,628 --> 00:24:57,161
Under a black tarp.
502
00:24:57,163 --> 00:25:00,130
And it doesn't take long
for david to uncover
something.
503
00:25:00,132 --> 00:25:01,899
-Hey, josh.
-Did you find something?
504
00:25:01,901 --> 00:25:03,033
Yeah.
505
00:25:03,035 --> 00:25:05,135
-What'd you find?
-Look at this.
506
00:25:05,237 --> 00:25:07,738
Oh, my word.
507
00:25:13,813 --> 00:25:15,513
Hey, josh, look at this.
508
00:25:16,949 --> 00:25:19,550
-Ooh, it's a vessel.
-Yeah, it's a vessel lying
on the floor.
509
00:25:19,652 --> 00:25:21,519
-Big piece here.
-Yeah, big pieces.
510
00:25:21,521 --> 00:25:22,753
And here and then
a couple of shards.
511
00:25:22,855 --> 00:25:23,987
Look at this.
512
00:25:23,989 --> 00:25:26,023
In the hills of
the palestinian territories
513
00:25:26,025 --> 00:25:29,426
I'm working with a team
to see if we can find
bronze age relics
514
00:25:29,428 --> 00:25:33,063
That might coincide with
the era of moses
and the exodus.
515
00:25:33,766 --> 00:25:35,533
Look at this.
516
00:25:35,634 --> 00:25:36,934
So we've got the rim here?
517
00:25:36,936 --> 00:25:38,836
-It's the rim of
a little jar. Yeah.
-Uh-huh.
518
00:25:38,905 --> 00:25:42,640
The shape of this rim
is typical of
the middle bronze age.
519
00:25:42,642 --> 00:25:44,942
-This is middle bronze age?
-Yeah, it's not iron age.
520
00:25:45,011 --> 00:25:46,376
-Really?
-Yes.
521
00:25:47,547 --> 00:25:50,548
The design of this pottery
and the soil we found it in
522
00:25:50,616 --> 00:25:52,716
Puts this squarely
in the bronze age
523
00:25:52,718 --> 00:25:56,820
Within a few 100 years
of the purported timeline
of moses.
524
00:25:56,822 --> 00:25:59,857
This is the first bronze ag
item of its kind found here
525
00:25:59,959 --> 00:26:02,092
At el-mastarah
and perhaps a sign
526
00:26:02,094 --> 00:26:05,529
That a settlement existed he
before the iron age.
527
00:26:05,531 --> 00:26:09,333
If more evidence can be foun
that nomadic people
came into this land
528
00:26:09,435 --> 00:26:13,203
And settled here, it would a
credence to the events
of exodus.
529
00:26:13,205 --> 00:26:15,539
-So let me know what
you find next, all right?
-Will do.
530
00:26:15,608 --> 00:26:16,907
Thank you so much.
531
00:26:16,976 --> 00:26:20,110
I thank david and his team
before moving on to a locati
532
00:26:20,112 --> 00:26:23,514
In israel that might produc
evidence to support
another part
533
00:26:23,516 --> 00:26:25,115
Of moses story.
534
00:26:25,117 --> 00:26:28,052
And for once,
I won't be digging
through sand.
535
00:26:28,054 --> 00:26:30,321
Welcome to the sea of galilee.
536
00:26:30,323 --> 00:26:32,957
This is israel's largest
source of fresh water
537
00:26:32,959 --> 00:26:35,559
And it's 686 feet below
sea level.
538
00:26:35,595 --> 00:26:38,562
It's actually the lowest
freshwater lake on earth.
539
00:26:38,664 --> 00:26:40,698
It's also where
the christian gospels say that
540
00:26:40,700 --> 00:26:42,600
Jesus preached to
the multitudes,
541
00:26:42,602 --> 00:26:46,036
Fed the 5,000 and, you know,
walked on water.
542
00:26:46,138 --> 00:26:47,905
But that's
a different testament.
543
00:26:47,907 --> 00:26:51,342
We are here looking
for evidence that is much,
much older.
544
00:26:51,443 --> 00:26:53,844
And there are two scientists
nearby who believe
545
00:26:53,913 --> 00:26:55,512
They may have found it.
546
00:26:58,918 --> 00:27:02,453
Investigating
a mysterious formation
in this legendary lake,
547
00:27:02,554 --> 00:27:05,422
Are geosciences professor
dr. Michael freikman,
548
00:27:05,424 --> 00:27:08,192
And dr. Shmulik marco,
an archaeologist
549
00:27:08,194 --> 00:27:10,127
And geophysicist.
550
00:27:10,129 --> 00:27:11,662
Welcome to the sea of galilee.
551
00:27:11,764 --> 00:27:13,230
-A beautiful place to be.
-Yeah.
552
00:27:13,232 --> 00:27:15,232
Absolutely incred--
very historic place.
553
00:27:15,334 --> 00:27:19,103
Have you ever heard of
an object called
well of miriam?
554
00:27:19,105 --> 00:27:20,704
Yes, I've heard of
the well of miriam,
555
00:27:20,706 --> 00:27:22,606
Although I'm not totally sure
I understand it.
556
00:27:22,608 --> 00:27:26,043
It's supposed to be like
a stone of some kind, right?
557
00:27:26,145 --> 00:27:28,712
That provides water to moses
and the israelites.
558
00:27:28,714 --> 00:27:30,447
It's like a mobile spring.
559
00:27:30,549 --> 00:27:32,116
It's following the people
of israel
560
00:27:32,118 --> 00:27:35,452
Or it just emerges
everywhere they stop,
but it's always there,
561
00:27:35,521 --> 00:27:37,554
And it's always providing them
with water.
562
00:27:39,058 --> 00:27:41,091
As the israelites first ente
the desert,
563
00:27:41,093 --> 00:27:43,727
God tells moses
to strike a particular rock
564
00:27:43,729 --> 00:27:45,261
With his staff.
565
00:27:46,766 --> 00:27:50,601
And one miracle later,
fresh water pours
from the stone.
566
00:27:51,604 --> 00:27:54,138
It is later referred to
as miriam's well
567
00:27:54,206 --> 00:27:56,006
Named after moses' sister.
568
00:27:58,611 --> 00:28:00,611
As the israelites wander
the desert,
569
00:28:00,613 --> 00:28:03,113
Miriam's well appears whenev
they need it,
570
00:28:03,115 --> 00:28:06,250
Sustaining the faithful
and ensuring that
they will make it
571
00:28:06,351 --> 00:28:08,018
To the promised land.
572
00:28:08,020 --> 00:28:09,386
And what happens to it?
573
00:28:09,388 --> 00:28:13,123
The later sources say,
whilst the israelites
come into
574
00:28:13,125 --> 00:28:15,626
The promised land,
the well sunk in the water.
575
00:28:15,628 --> 00:28:17,194
-Okay.
-The question is,
576
00:28:17,196 --> 00:28:19,630
Where did this miraculous
stone submerge?
577
00:28:19,632 --> 00:28:22,232
The sacred jewish writings
of the talmud provide
578
00:28:22,334 --> 00:28:24,001
A tantalizing clue.
579
00:28:37,049 --> 00:28:40,651
And the sea of tiberias
is the old name
for the sea of galilee,
580
00:28:40,719 --> 00:28:41,918
-Correct?
-That's correct.
581
00:28:41,920 --> 00:28:44,621
The rabbinical writings
also describe a sick man
582
00:28:44,623 --> 00:28:48,058
Who was healed by
the well of miriam
in the sea of galilee.
583
00:28:48,127 --> 00:28:50,360
Another source places
this round object
584
00:28:50,396 --> 00:28:54,965
Not far from the shore,
about midway up
the sea's coast.
585
00:28:55,033 --> 00:28:57,801
Okay, so we have a connection
between this story from exodus
586
00:28:57,803 --> 00:28:58,902
-And this location?
-Yes.
587
00:29:07,446 --> 00:29:08,512
Right.
588
00:29:14,120 --> 00:29:15,452
Does it happen to be round?
589
00:29:21,060 --> 00:29:22,059
Can you show me where it is?
590
00:29:23,395 --> 00:29:24,461
Please.
591
00:29:29,201 --> 00:29:31,001
We set off in
a research vessel
592
00:29:31,003 --> 00:29:34,037
And support boat and steam o
into the sea of galilee
593
00:29:34,039 --> 00:29:36,940
Using gps coordinates
and onboard sonar
594
00:29:37,009 --> 00:29:38,942
To locate
the unknown structure.
595
00:29:45,551 --> 00:29:47,484
Come on, josh,
we're approaching the site.
596
00:29:47,486 --> 00:29:50,020
In a second, we're gonna
be able to see it
on the sonar.
597
00:29:50,022 --> 00:29:54,224
Okay, so right now
we've just got flat bottom?
598
00:29:55,161 --> 00:29:56,627
-Oh.
-Oh, this...
599
00:29:56,629 --> 00:29:59,363
-[man] here we are.
-[josh] wow, look at that.
600
00:29:59,431 --> 00:30:01,598
Huge sonar return.
601
00:30:01,600 --> 00:30:03,500
I mean, there's nothing
down there
602
00:30:03,502 --> 00:30:05,536
And then out of nowhere,
suddenly,
603
00:30:05,637 --> 00:30:07,905
Something's 15 feet
underneath us.
604
00:30:07,907 --> 00:30:09,106
So, what is that?
605
00:30:09,108 --> 00:30:11,508
Well, we have to get in
the water to see that.
606
00:30:11,510 --> 00:30:13,343
-In the water?
-In the water.
607
00:30:13,412 --> 00:30:15,112
-The water is warm,
though, right?
-No.
608
00:30:15,114 --> 00:30:16,947
-Yeah.
-[chuckles]
609
00:30:17,016 --> 00:30:18,115
Okay, great.
610
00:30:18,117 --> 00:30:19,950
Let's try to stay positive,
guys, come on.
611
00:30:21,453 --> 00:30:24,922
Visibility in the sea
of galilee is notoriously ba
612
00:30:24,924 --> 00:30:28,926
So we throw over a shot lin
to follow to the bottom.
613
00:30:28,928 --> 00:30:32,496
Then mike and I suit up
to look for evidence
of miriam's well
614
00:30:32,498 --> 00:30:34,965
By diving into some
very chilly water.
615
00:30:37,002 --> 00:30:39,703
Top side, shmulik will monit
communications
616
00:30:39,705 --> 00:30:41,205
As we explore the anomaly.
617
00:30:49,849 --> 00:30:51,615
[shmulik speaking]
618
00:30:53,219 --> 00:30:54,918
[josh speaking]
619
00:31:02,228 --> 00:31:06,330
The algae makes it difficul
to see as we descend toward
our target.
620
00:31:07,499 --> 00:31:08,799
Until...
621
00:31:25,351 --> 00:31:29,152
Josh, try to see
if you see any arrangement
of the stones.
622
00:31:42,101 --> 00:31:43,800
[shmulik speaking]
623
00:31:43,802 --> 00:31:45,302
[josh speaking]
624
00:31:47,039 --> 00:31:48,538
[shmulik speaking]
625
00:32:34,153 --> 00:32:36,820
The algae and clouds
of disturbed silt reduce
626
00:32:36,822 --> 00:32:40,090
Our visibility to the point
that any interior exploratio
627
00:32:40,092 --> 00:32:41,825
Of the pile is futile.
628
00:32:41,827 --> 00:32:44,628
We therefore ascend
to the surface to regroup.
629
00:32:47,433 --> 00:32:48,832
Good to see you.
630
00:32:48,901 --> 00:32:51,401
Whoo, I mean...
631
00:32:51,403 --> 00:32:53,036
Really incredible down there.
632
00:32:53,038 --> 00:32:55,839
So did you see any formation,
any arrangement?
633
00:32:55,941 --> 00:32:59,109
There are areas where
it almost seems like
it's in tiers.
634
00:32:59,111 --> 00:33:01,745
The frustrating part
is you can't see very much.
635
00:33:01,847 --> 00:33:03,113
The visibility is so bad,
636
00:33:03,115 --> 00:33:05,916
You can only really take it in
a few feet at a time.
637
00:33:05,918 --> 00:33:07,217
I wish I could see more of it.
638
00:33:07,219 --> 00:33:08,652
Yeah, maybe we can.
639
00:33:09,121 --> 00:33:10,119
How?
640
00:33:11,223 --> 00:33:12,956
To tackle
our visibility problem,
641
00:33:13,025 --> 00:33:15,225
I climbed back aboard
and dry off.
642
00:33:15,227 --> 00:33:17,661
Shmulik has arranged
a high tech solution
643
00:33:17,730 --> 00:33:20,330
To get a clearer picture
of whatever's beneath us.
644
00:33:20,899 --> 00:33:22,099
-Hello.
-Hi.
645
00:33:22,101 --> 00:33:23,934
-Josh. I'd like you
to meet mor.
-Hi.
646
00:33:23,936 --> 00:33:26,003
Mor, nice to meet you.
Okay, so...
647
00:33:26,005 --> 00:33:27,337
What are we going to do here?
648
00:33:27,439 --> 00:33:30,107
Here, mor is going to operate
the air gun.
649
00:33:30,109 --> 00:33:31,608
I'm sorry? The air gun?
650
00:33:31,610 --> 00:33:32,609
-Yeah, air gun.
-That's this?
651
00:33:32,611 --> 00:33:33,810
That's the air gun.
652
00:33:33,812 --> 00:33:35,445
[josh] okay, I'm not familiar
with this device.
653
00:33:35,514 --> 00:33:37,647
-What? How does this work?
-We don't shoot people
with it.
654
00:33:37,749 --> 00:33:39,416
That's good news. All right.
655
00:33:39,418 --> 00:33:42,352
But we do use it to shoot
seismic surveys.
656
00:33:42,421 --> 00:33:45,255
This generates
the acoustic sound
657
00:33:45,323 --> 00:33:47,824
That travels through the water
into the seafloor
658
00:33:47,826 --> 00:33:51,128
And back to the recorder
on the other side.
659
00:33:51,130 --> 00:33:54,564
We are using that as our data
to image our object.
660
00:33:54,633 --> 00:33:57,601
Try to imagine, like,
ultrasound for younger babies,
661
00:33:57,603 --> 00:33:58,835
That will be the same.
662
00:33:58,937 --> 00:34:00,303
[josh] got it, okay.
663
00:34:01,306 --> 00:34:03,039
[hissing]
664
00:34:03,041 --> 00:34:06,309
The air guns are pressurize
before being lowered
into position.
665
00:34:11,050 --> 00:34:12,716
It's one meter...
666
00:34:15,721 --> 00:34:19,222
-Two meters.
-And then it's time to rock
667
00:34:19,224 --> 00:34:21,725
-Okay, we are in position.
-In position, ready
to echo.
668
00:34:21,727 --> 00:34:24,628
The seismic air gun is prime
and ready to go.
669
00:34:24,630 --> 00:34:26,396
We're either about
to make history
670
00:34:26,398 --> 00:34:28,698
Or blow our boat into
a million pieces.
671
00:34:28,700 --> 00:34:30,033
-May I?
-Yeah.
672
00:34:30,436 --> 00:34:31,635
Fire!
673
00:34:31,703 --> 00:34:33,036
[explosion]
674
00:34:38,710 --> 00:34:39,709
Ready to echo it.
675
00:34:39,711 --> 00:34:40,610
May I?
676
00:34:40,612 --> 00:34:41,944
Fire!
677
00:34:45,951 --> 00:34:49,653
Yes! I didn't know
collecting data could be
this much fun.
678
00:34:49,655 --> 00:34:52,622
We're dropping a seismic
air gun in the sea of galile
679
00:34:52,724 --> 00:34:55,792
To scan an underwater anomal
that could be connected
680
00:34:55,794 --> 00:34:58,695
To the biblical legend
known as miriam's well,
681
00:34:58,697 --> 00:35:02,332
Providing a historical link
to the story of exodus.
682
00:35:02,801 --> 00:35:04,167
I like this.
683
00:35:04,169 --> 00:35:05,969
Okay, fire it again!
684
00:35:08,040 --> 00:35:11,875
To get a clear digital pictu
of what lies in the murky
waters below,
685
00:35:11,877 --> 00:35:13,610
We do this again...
686
00:35:13,712 --> 00:35:14,945
Fire!
687
00:35:15,547 --> 00:35:16,713
...And again...
688
00:35:16,715 --> 00:35:17,814
Fire!
689
00:35:18,517 --> 00:35:19,549
...And again.
690
00:35:19,551 --> 00:35:20,850
Fire it again.
691
00:35:23,722 --> 00:35:26,890
A total of eight charges
are set off in a circle arou
692
00:35:26,892 --> 00:35:29,192
The anomaly we found
in the sea below.
693
00:35:30,229 --> 00:35:32,929
This seismic survey
of the area has generated
694
00:35:32,931 --> 00:35:36,066
Enough data to form a 3d ima
on a computer.
695
00:35:42,407 --> 00:35:43,406
Right.
696
00:35:55,420 --> 00:35:57,721
Oh, it continues under
the sediment here?
697
00:35:59,358 --> 00:36:00,423
Wow.
698
00:36:04,096 --> 00:36:05,095
Right.
699
00:36:14,106 --> 00:36:15,772
So we're in
the bronze age here.
700
00:36:15,774 --> 00:36:19,109
In terms of our exodus story,
we're in the neighborhood.
701
00:36:19,111 --> 00:36:21,878
Okay, so if we take a look at
our final product
702
00:36:21,880 --> 00:36:23,413
Of the, of the imaging,
703
00:36:23,415 --> 00:36:27,817
We can see that this image
is three dimensional,
704
00:36:27,919 --> 00:36:31,521
It's been crossed in different
profiles in different angles.
705
00:36:31,523 --> 00:36:33,123
[josh] oh,
that is unbelievable.
Look at that.
706
00:36:33,191 --> 00:36:36,059
Now you can look at
a three dimensional image
707
00:36:36,061 --> 00:36:37,694
-Of the structure.
-Look at the size of it,
708
00:36:37,696 --> 00:36:38,562
-It's huge.
-Yeah.
709
00:36:38,630 --> 00:36:40,830
It has to be artificial.
710
00:36:40,866 --> 00:36:44,968
Somebody had to bring
this huge boulders of basalt,
711
00:36:44,970 --> 00:36:46,970
-Right.
-And put them one on top
of the other.
712
00:36:46,972 --> 00:36:49,406
It never happens naturally.
713
00:36:49,408 --> 00:36:51,708
[josh] there's no question
this was constructed.
714
00:36:51,710 --> 00:36:54,511
It's just such an oddity
on the sea floor.
715
00:36:54,513 --> 00:36:57,614
And it does not match
the topography
of the seafloor, so...
716
00:36:57,616 --> 00:37:01,184
-Right.
-This is also supporting
the possibility that
717
00:37:01,186 --> 00:37:04,054
It was built and leveled
by someone.
718
00:37:04,923 --> 00:37:06,890
[josh] so we have this
jerusalem talmud
719
00:37:06,892 --> 00:37:09,292
That says that you could
look down into
the sea of galilee
720
00:37:09,294 --> 00:37:11,061
And see this, this bump.
721
00:37:11,063 --> 00:37:14,164
Is there anything else
like this that rises up
out of the lake here?
722
00:37:14,166 --> 00:37:17,934
No, that's the only place
that we know of.
723
00:37:17,936 --> 00:37:21,204
This mysterious manmade
structure is the only thing
724
00:37:21,206 --> 00:37:23,173
Like it in the sea of galile
725
00:37:23,175 --> 00:37:26,409
And it matches the location
of where miriam's well
726
00:37:26,411 --> 00:37:28,311
Was said to
have been interred.
727
00:37:28,313 --> 00:37:31,715
So the million dollar
question, what the hell
is this thing?
728
00:37:39,791 --> 00:37:42,826
So is it possible then
that there's something
inside of this?
729
00:37:44,963 --> 00:37:46,997
I mean, it will be
hugely significant, right?
730
00:37:46,999 --> 00:37:50,400
Exactly, it would be
the only one untouched tomb
731
00:37:50,402 --> 00:37:52,502
Of this kind in this region.
732
00:37:52,504 --> 00:37:55,305
Right. Obviously, this isn't
a magic rock
733
00:37:55,307 --> 00:37:57,207
That followed the israelites
through the desert.
734
00:37:57,209 --> 00:37:59,876
But, you know, is it possible
that this is connected
735
00:37:59,878 --> 00:38:01,411
To the story of exodus?
736
00:38:01,413 --> 00:38:04,714
Well, in general,
religions are known for
737
00:38:04,716 --> 00:38:07,083
Incorporating the unique
landscape features
738
00:38:07,085 --> 00:38:09,352
Into their own oral tradition.
739
00:38:09,454 --> 00:38:11,955
Right, but you could see
how something like this
740
00:38:11,957 --> 00:38:13,823
Could become
the well of marian,
741
00:38:13,825 --> 00:38:17,027
Something dry that
then is consumed
by water?
742
00:38:17,029 --> 00:38:19,162
It is definitely
a possibility.
743
00:38:19,164 --> 00:38:21,698
The next step will be
to investigate exactly
744
00:38:21,700 --> 00:38:23,700
What lies inside
the structure,
745
00:38:23,769 --> 00:38:26,202
Which will be
an arduous undertaking.
746
00:38:26,204 --> 00:38:28,505
For now though, I'll settle
for the amazement
747
00:38:28,507 --> 00:38:31,441
Of imaging this most
mysterious object.
748
00:38:31,510 --> 00:38:33,510
There's much work to be done.
749
00:38:33,512 --> 00:38:36,212
This is just
the beginning of the story.
750
00:38:36,214 --> 00:38:40,417
The story of miriam's well
is both miraculous and tragi
751
00:38:40,419 --> 00:38:42,952
Because shortly before
reaching the promised land,
752
00:38:42,954 --> 00:38:46,523
Miriam dies and her namesak
well runs dry.
753
00:38:48,160 --> 00:38:52,729
To restore it, god tells mos
not to strike the rock
as he did before,
754
00:38:52,831 --> 00:38:55,131
But to speak
holy words instead.
755
00:38:56,301 --> 00:38:58,868
Yet, when the panicked
and thirsty israelites
756
00:38:58,870 --> 00:39:01,805
Angrily demand that moses tu
the water back on,
757
00:39:01,906 --> 00:39:05,709
Moses defies god
by striking the rock
with his staff.
758
00:39:08,213 --> 00:39:11,314
The water comes,
but with grave consequences
759
00:39:12,551 --> 00:39:15,885
For his pride and insolence
god punishes moses
760
00:39:15,887 --> 00:39:18,221
By forbidding him
from entering the holy land
761
00:39:18,223 --> 00:39:19,489
With his people.
762
00:39:19,491 --> 00:39:21,825
They will cross
the jordan river into canaan
763
00:39:21,926 --> 00:39:26,262
But first moses will die
120 years old.
764
00:39:28,333 --> 00:39:31,534
And it's this final part
of his story that's in my he
765
00:39:31,603 --> 00:39:34,304
As I set off back
into the desert.
766
00:39:34,306 --> 00:39:37,507
I have a nagging question
about the exodus story.
767
00:39:37,509 --> 00:39:39,943
And, you know, something
that would really help
768
00:39:39,945 --> 00:39:42,512
To cement this
as an historical event
769
00:39:42,514 --> 00:39:45,715
Would be to find the body
of moses himself.
770
00:39:45,817 --> 00:39:48,017
After all, someone
this significant
771
00:39:48,019 --> 00:39:51,421
Must have been buried
with some real pomp
and circumstance.
772
00:39:51,423 --> 00:39:55,525
So I just have one question,
where's moses?
773
00:39:55,527 --> 00:39:58,428
Turns out there's more than
one answer to that question
774
00:39:58,430 --> 00:40:01,798
To learn why,
I'm headed back to
the palestinian territories
775
00:40:01,800 --> 00:40:04,901
Here in the rolling
and empty hills
of the west bank,
776
00:40:04,903 --> 00:40:07,670
An unlikely sight emerges
in the distance.
777
00:40:09,841 --> 00:40:13,076
A huge walled compound
called nabi musa,
778
00:40:13,078 --> 00:40:15,812
Which translates
to the prophet moses.
779
00:40:19,317 --> 00:40:21,251
Here to greet me
is archaeologist
780
00:40:21,352 --> 00:40:24,921
And islamic studies
professor tawfiq da'adli.
781
00:40:24,923 --> 00:40:27,223
Thanks for taking the time.
I appreciate it.
782
00:40:27,225 --> 00:40:28,792
-This is spectacular.
-Yeah.
783
00:40:28,794 --> 00:40:31,928
I have questions about the e
of the story of moses.
784
00:40:31,930 --> 00:40:35,031
So, okay, if there is
a historical moses,
785
00:40:35,033 --> 00:40:37,801
Where is this guy? I mean,
where was he buried?
786
00:40:37,902 --> 00:40:40,069
According to
the biblical tradition,
787
00:40:40,071 --> 00:40:42,539
He ended on the other side
of the valley.
788
00:40:42,574 --> 00:40:44,774
-And he dies where?
-At mount nebo.
789
00:40:44,776 --> 00:40:48,111
Mount nebo, so, literally
just across the way there?
790
00:40:48,113 --> 00:40:50,713
Across the dead sea
in what is now jordan
791
00:40:50,715 --> 00:40:52,081
Sits mount nebo.
792
00:40:52,083 --> 00:40:55,118
This place has been associat
with the burial of moses
793
00:40:55,120 --> 00:40:56,953
Since at least
the fourth century,
794
00:40:56,955 --> 00:40:58,988
When a church was built here
795
00:40:58,990 --> 00:41:01,558
So over at mount nebo,
archaeologically,
796
00:41:01,659 --> 00:41:03,059
Do we have evidence
for this burial?
797
00:41:03,061 --> 00:41:04,360
-No hard evidence.
-Okay.
798
00:41:04,462 --> 00:41:06,262
-There's also another story.
-Uh-huh.
799
00:41:06,331 --> 00:41:07,564
Islamic tradition.
800
00:41:07,632 --> 00:41:09,766
Moses is mentioned a lot
in the quran.
801
00:41:09,768 --> 00:41:13,036
Yeah, you have more than
130 times his name
802
00:41:13,038 --> 00:41:16,873
Is mentioned in the quran,
more than any other prophet.
803
00:41:16,875 --> 00:41:20,109
According to this tradition,
moses did cross the river
804
00:41:20,211 --> 00:41:23,313
And he ended in this side,
like, where we are standing.
805
00:41:23,315 --> 00:41:26,449
The prophet muhammad ascended
to heaven from jerusalem,
806
00:41:26,518 --> 00:41:27,817
Which is not so far from here.
807
00:41:27,819 --> 00:41:30,420
-Yes, the dome of the rock.
-The dome of the rock. Yes.
808
00:41:30,422 --> 00:41:32,322
So, when he ascended
to heaven,
809
00:41:32,324 --> 00:41:36,926
In his way, he said,
I saw moses praying
on his dome
810
00:41:36,928 --> 00:41:39,028
And the dome is believed
to be here.
811
00:41:39,030 --> 00:41:41,364
-On this side
of the jordan river?
-Yeah.
812
00:41:41,432 --> 00:41:44,100
Uh-huh, so we have
one tradition over there
813
00:41:44,102 --> 00:41:45,602
-And one tradition over here.
-Yeah.
814
00:41:45,604 --> 00:41:48,771
What evidence is there here?
What, what is at this site?
815
00:41:48,773 --> 00:41:51,341
Here, this site, we have
the tomb of moses.
816
00:41:51,442 --> 00:41:52,809
-There's a tomb here?
-Yeah.
817
00:41:52,911 --> 00:41:54,210
-Of moses?
-Yes.
818
00:41:55,213 --> 00:41:56,312
Can we see it?
819
00:42:02,521 --> 00:42:05,221
I'm here in the west bank
and this barrier separates
820
00:42:05,223 --> 00:42:08,057
Israel from the palestinian
territories over here.
821
00:42:08,059 --> 00:42:10,827
Now, you've all heard
of the waldorf hotel?
822
00:42:10,829 --> 00:42:14,597
Well, this isn't it.
This is the walled off hotel.
823
00:42:14,599 --> 00:42:17,500
The entire hotel
is a living work of art.
824
00:42:17,502 --> 00:42:19,969
A collaboration between
local palestinians
825
00:42:19,971 --> 00:42:23,706
And the enigmatic anonymous
british street artist banksy
826
00:42:24,309 --> 00:42:25,608
Welcome, sir.
827
00:42:25,610 --> 00:42:26,609
Are you banksy?
828
00:42:26,611 --> 00:42:29,312
-No.
-Wink, wink if you're banksy.
829
00:42:29,314 --> 00:42:31,714
Mor than 70 pieces
of banksy's work
830
00:42:31,716 --> 00:42:34,117
Offer whimsical and searing
commentary
831
00:42:34,119 --> 00:42:35,985
On the tumultuous state
of the region.
832
00:42:36,955 --> 00:42:39,522
A not so secret passage
through a bookcase
833
00:42:39,524 --> 00:42:41,291
Leads the way
to the guest rooms,
834
00:42:41,293 --> 00:42:44,294
And of course,
more art to ponder.
835
00:42:44,296 --> 00:42:46,529
And the rooms are
lavishly decorated
836
00:42:46,531 --> 00:42:49,332
In that provocative
banksy style.
837
00:42:49,334 --> 00:42:50,867
Here in
the presidential suite,
838
00:42:50,869 --> 00:42:55,071
The hotel proudly advertises
the worst view in the world.
839
00:42:55,073 --> 00:42:59,309
All while offering us a vision
of a future without walls.
840
00:43:03,815 --> 00:43:05,214
-There's a tomb here...
-Yeah.
841
00:43:05,283 --> 00:43:06,783
-Of moses?
-Yes.
842
00:43:07,719 --> 00:43:10,320
-Can we see it?
-Yeah, it's downstairs.
843
00:43:10,421 --> 00:43:12,622
Please. Here we go.
844
00:43:12,724 --> 00:43:15,959
To answer the question
of where the prophet moses
is buried,
845
00:43:15,961 --> 00:43:18,094
I've come to
the palestinian territories
846
00:43:18,096 --> 00:43:20,229
To visit a site called
nabi musa
847
00:43:20,231 --> 00:43:23,399
And what the islamic faith
contends is his tomb.
848
00:43:24,603 --> 00:43:26,102
Okay, josh.
849
00:43:26,104 --> 00:43:27,604
Here we have the mosque.
850
00:43:27,672 --> 00:43:28,504
Wow.
851
00:43:30,609 --> 00:43:33,209
And here we have the tomb.
852
00:43:33,211 --> 00:43:35,411
-Tomb of moses?
-Yes. Here.
853
00:43:35,546 --> 00:43:36,813
Please.
854
00:43:41,086 --> 00:43:42,218
Wow.
855
00:43:43,421 --> 00:43:45,221
-So this is the burial?
-Yeah.
856
00:43:45,289 --> 00:43:48,124
When can we date
all of this to?
857
00:43:48,226 --> 00:43:50,326
This is the oldest part
of the site
858
00:43:50,328 --> 00:43:53,229
And near the entrance
to this mausoleum,
859
00:43:53,231 --> 00:43:55,632
There is an inscription
from the 13th century
860
00:43:55,700 --> 00:43:59,602
And we have the date.
It's 1269.
861
00:43:59,704 --> 00:44:01,604
So, the 13th century
we're talking about,
862
00:44:01,706 --> 00:44:04,941
-A few thousand years
after the life of moses.
-Yeah.
863
00:44:04,943 --> 00:44:07,610
-Yes.
-So do we have any indication
864
00:44:07,712 --> 00:44:11,180
Of what was in this spot
before the building was here?
865
00:44:11,182 --> 00:44:12,715
There are written evidences
866
00:44:12,717 --> 00:44:16,019
Earlier than the 13th century,
but not much earlier...
867
00:44:16,021 --> 00:44:18,788
-Okay.
-...Mentioning the tomb
of moses in this area.
868
00:44:18,790 --> 00:44:19,822
But nothing earlier than that?
869
00:44:19,891 --> 00:44:21,624
Something that
you can touch, though.
870
00:44:21,626 --> 00:44:23,960
Right, maybe
an oral tradition,
but it's been lost to history.
871
00:44:23,962 --> 00:44:25,328
-Yes.
-Okay,
872
00:44:25,430 --> 00:44:28,498
So do we know
who's inside this?
873
00:44:28,500 --> 00:44:30,266
This was moses' tomb.
874
00:44:30,268 --> 00:44:32,802
It's relying on
muslim traditions
875
00:44:32,904 --> 00:44:35,171
And then they pointed
on this place.
876
00:44:35,173 --> 00:44:37,807
-And since this
13th century point,
-right.
877
00:44:37,876 --> 00:44:41,711
It became a whole compound
not only the mausoleum
878
00:44:41,713 --> 00:44:42,812
And the mosque,
879
00:44:42,814 --> 00:44:45,715
It became like a caravanserai,
what we call a clan,
880
00:44:45,750 --> 00:44:49,452
Like, people will come
and stay for a few days.
881
00:44:49,521 --> 00:44:52,522
-They will have food.
-So it became like
a pilgrimage site?
882
00:44:52,524 --> 00:44:54,090
-Yeah.
-And what about today?
883
00:44:54,092 --> 00:44:55,725
Do people still
pilgrimage here?
884
00:44:55,794 --> 00:44:56,926
Do people still come here?
885
00:44:56,928 --> 00:44:59,829
Yeah, even from indonesia,
even from india,
886
00:44:59,898 --> 00:45:02,665
These people still believe
this is the tomb of nabi musa.
887
00:45:02,667 --> 00:45:05,168
Has this ever been opened?
Examined?
888
00:45:06,404 --> 00:45:07,570
It's religion.
889
00:45:07,671 --> 00:45:11,040
You don't mix religion
with science and excavations,
890
00:45:11,042 --> 00:45:12,709
Especially in the holy land.
891
00:45:12,810 --> 00:45:14,210
So as an archaeologist,
892
00:45:14,312 --> 00:45:16,713
This is one of
the great challenges
893
00:45:16,715 --> 00:45:19,682
Is how to look at the stories
of the bible,
894
00:45:19,684 --> 00:45:23,119
The stories of the quran
and places like this,
895
00:45:23,121 --> 00:45:26,522
And find that intersection
between faith and history
896
00:45:26,524 --> 00:45:28,391
And archaeology.
897
00:45:28,393 --> 00:45:30,693
Because we don't really know
what's here.
898
00:45:30,695 --> 00:45:32,128
-Yeah.
-But, spiritually,
899
00:45:32,197 --> 00:45:36,365
It's a place that's true
for so many people.
900
00:45:36,367 --> 00:45:39,602
And how do we square that off,
because we're never going
901
00:45:39,604 --> 00:45:40,870
To be able to open this.
902
00:45:40,872 --> 00:45:43,806
We don't need to open that,
like, we have the inscriptions
903
00:45:43,808 --> 00:45:45,108
Around the building.
904
00:45:45,110 --> 00:45:47,310
So it's a different kind
of archaeology.
905
00:45:47,411 --> 00:45:50,413
-You read the buildings,
you don't have to go down
-right.
906
00:45:50,415 --> 00:45:54,050
And dig the place to see
or meet the person
907
00:45:54,052 --> 00:45:55,084
Who is buried here.
908
00:45:55,086 --> 00:45:57,120
For us, you have to accept it.
909
00:45:57,122 --> 00:46:00,623
Even for archaeologists,
some things have to be left
to faith.
910
00:46:00,725 --> 00:46:02,725
You can't turn over
every stone,
911
00:46:02,794 --> 00:46:05,528
You have to accept
some traditions, some beliefs.
912
00:46:05,530 --> 00:46:08,264
By asking to see what's insi
this tomb,
913
00:46:08,266 --> 00:46:10,800
I'm knocking on a door
that will never open.
914
00:46:10,802 --> 00:46:13,302
At nabi musa, science
and faith have reached
915
00:46:13,404 --> 00:46:16,405
An impasse and neither
will yield to the other.
916
00:46:22,881 --> 00:46:26,115
But on my journey, I have se
how science and faith
917
00:46:26,217 --> 00:46:27,516
Can intermingle.
918
00:46:28,853 --> 00:46:31,621
In an egyptian tomb
in saqqara, I've learned tha
919
00:46:31,722 --> 00:46:34,924
A semitic man rose
to great power
in pharaoh's court,
920
00:46:34,926 --> 00:46:36,826
Just as moses did.
921
00:46:36,828 --> 00:46:40,229
Ancient monuments recounted
israelites fleeing egypt
922
00:46:40,298 --> 00:46:41,898
Just as moses did.
923
00:46:41,900 --> 00:46:45,601
Again and again,
verifiable historical event
924
00:46:45,603 --> 00:46:47,703
That echo the words of exodu
925
00:46:47,772 --> 00:46:49,972
Though the specifics
are slightly different
926
00:46:49,974 --> 00:46:53,609
And the timing doesn't line
to a single person's lifespa
927
00:46:53,711 --> 00:46:57,213
Is it possible that this is
connected to the story
of exodus?
928
00:46:57,315 --> 00:46:59,315
There's much work to be done.
929
00:46:59,317 --> 00:47:01,484
This is just the beginning
of the story.
930
00:47:01,486 --> 00:47:04,220
My journey has also taught m
that in this case,
931
00:47:04,289 --> 00:47:06,722
The literal is not all
that matters.
932
00:47:06,824 --> 00:47:11,327
Here we have semitic people
who are worshipping
a cow goddess.
933
00:47:15,400 --> 00:47:18,601
The story of moses represent
the movement of people
934
00:47:18,703 --> 00:47:19,969
And culture,
935
00:47:19,971 --> 00:47:24,273
With values that ring true
across the human experience
936
00:47:24,275 --> 00:47:27,310
The moral urgency for man
to live free.
937
00:47:28,613 --> 00:47:31,113
Laws that bind us
not just to god,
938
00:47:31,215 --> 00:47:33,115
But to each other.
939
00:47:33,217 --> 00:47:36,085
And the importance of servic
and humility,
940
00:47:36,087 --> 00:47:38,788
During even the most
arduous of trials.
941
00:47:40,191 --> 00:47:43,526
We may never be able
to pinpoint
the historical moses,
942
00:47:43,528 --> 00:47:46,329
But his story shows us
a real person.
943
00:47:46,998 --> 00:47:49,432
Someone just like you or me
944
00:47:49,701 --> 00:47:50,867
Proud,
945
00:47:50,869 --> 00:47:52,702
Maybe a little too stubborn
946
00:47:52,770 --> 00:47:56,806
But with the right guidance
capable of greatness.