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Morgan Freeman: The blues
were born right here in
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the Mississippi delta.
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John Lee hooker, Muddy Waters,
BB King, Jessie Mae Hemphill,
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I can't see 'em anymore,
but their spirit lives on,
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right here.
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I can lose myself in music.
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Hear it?
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I feel it, and it transports
me to another time and place.
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Some would call it
a religious experience.
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Can't say that I disagree.
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Makes me think of the all
the ways people around the world
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connect to god.
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Moses saw god in a bush.
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Buddha found
enlightenment under a tree.
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Muhammad experienced
Allah on a mountain.
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Is there some universal
concept of god that
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all religions share?
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Or, is god fundamentally
different to people of
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different faiths?
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I'm setting out to
discover who god is.
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Joel osteen: God wants
to be your best friend.
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Morgan Freeman: To find
out how believers around
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the world see the divine.
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Woman: The holy people
are around us, right now.
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Morgan Freeman: I'll explore
how the identity of god
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has changed
over the millennia.
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Woman 2: He thought that
there were too many gods,
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and not enough
focus was on him.
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Morgan Freeman: I'll learn
how many gods merged into one.
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Man: It's a single force
that gives order into
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our whole world.
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Morgan Freeman: And,
I'll search for the
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presence of god...
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So, you're looking for
physical manifestations of god?
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Dr. Andy newberg: Yes.
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Morgan Freeman:
Inside my brain.
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I grew up with the Christian
concept of god, a single,
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divine being who created
and governs the universe.
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Of Jesus as god's
earthly incarnation.
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I know that's not the way
everyone sees the divine.
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I want to know how
other religions see god.
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So, I'm going to India.
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To hindus, there's not
one god, there are millions.
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Busy little thoroughfare.
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In the holy city of varanasi,
I'm meeting historian,
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binda paranjape, to find out
how hindus see their gods.
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Bhinda: At every corner of
the Lane, and just you'll see
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anywhere, and
you'll see a shrine.
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And no corner they can leave
without having a god there.
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So like, we have got this
small little shrine here,
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and it has got that elephant
headed god, ganesha.
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Morgan Freeman: Ganesha?
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Bhinda: Yeah, it's a god
who removes obstacles.
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Morgan Freeman:
Removes obstacles?
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Bhinda: Yeah.
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Morgan Freeman: Hindu
deities come in many forms.
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Some are male.
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Some female.
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Some are part
human, part animal.
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Each one has
its specific powers.
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Bhinda: So, she's
the goddess of disease.
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So we...
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Morgan Freeman: Disease?
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Bhinda: Yeah,
so when you're diseased,
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your body gets inflamed,
then you invoke her and she
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sends the cool breeze,
and the body gets cool.
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Morgan Freeman: All right,
here's a question for you.
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You've got a
choice of how many?
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Bhinda: Millions of them.
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Morgan Freeman:
Millions of gods.
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How do you choose?
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Bhinda: Usually,
it's the family.
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The family, each family
has got one family deity,
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and that is passed on
to the next generation.
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Or, sometimes, in the
times of distress,
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one goes to a god and
say, or goddess, that,
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"please take me out
of this difficult time,
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and forever I'll worship
you as my personal god,
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or goddess."
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Morgan Freeman: I'm
interested in finding out how
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these statues become
vessels for divine beings,
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how hindus connect
to their gods.
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So, binda is taking me
to an intimate prayer ritual.
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 [Group chanting].
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Bhinda: Yeah,
can you hear these chants,
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which are going on?
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Morgan Freeman: Uh-hm, yeah.
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Bhinda: They're
chanting the chants for
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invoking the goddess.
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So, now we are
going to be blessed.
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 [Group chanting].
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Morgan Freeman: This
prayer ceremony is dedicated
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to the goddess, lalitha.
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 [Group chanting].
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And so, this
is lalitha here,
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this is her physical
representation?
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What kind of god is she?
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Bhinda: She was created
to kill a demon,
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and that is the
power of the virgin,
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this 16 year old woman.
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Morgan Freeman:
She's a virgin?
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Bhinda: Yeah, so all the
potential is still in her,
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so she has got the highest
form of energy in her.
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And she gives that
power to others to fight
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against their demon.
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 [Group chanting].
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So, what they're doing
is that they're invoking the
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goddess' one thousand names
and with every name,
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they will offer
her the flowers.
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So, anything, any syllable
that we'll pronounced goes
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to the goddess so, we're
saying these thousand words.
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You have almost got all
the possible syllables that
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you could have uttered.
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Morgan Freeman: So you
can invoke her with just
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about any syllable.
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Bhinda: The goddess
is any form a speech,
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the human sound,
and the world is supposed
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to have been created
out of these rhythms.
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Morgan Freeman:
For her devotees,
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lalitha exists in the rhythmic
energy of their chanting.
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A divine energy
that powers their lives.
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Bhinda: Anyway, the
goddess has blessed you,
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that she has invited
here, believe me.
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Morgan Freeman: I believe you.
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Seeing this ceremony
really helps me understand
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what god means to hindus.
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Behind all the gods,
binda tells me,
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there is a single divine
energy that believers
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seek to tap into.
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Bhinda: They say that
it's just a principle,
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it's like pure energy form,
which is neither a male
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or a female,
or having any name.
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So they are just
given one name, brahman.
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Morgan Freeman: So,
in the western church,
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in christianity, judaism,
even islam, there is one god,
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it's just, it's pure energy.
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There is no name you
could put to him.
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There's no face
you can put to him.
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There's nothing
you can touch.
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Can we make a
comparison there?
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Bhinda: Yeah, it's like
the tree having the trunk,
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and then the branches
and leaves also.
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Morgan Freeman: We have the
shade tree of brahma, right?
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Okay.
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Bhinda: Yeah, so beautiful,
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that's really
nicely described.
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Morgan Freeman: Thank you,
all right, how about some lunch?
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You game for that?
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Bhinda: Right, and
we can invoke gods for
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giving us good lunch.
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 [Laughs].
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Morgan Freeman: I like the
way believers here find gods
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that best suit
their own beliefs.
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It's like a
spiritual fingerprint,
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unique to each person.
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It's unlike the
monotheism of the west.
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But, maybe that's
only on the surface.
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On the surface,
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hinduism looks like
a religion of many gods.
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But underneath the surface,
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there is a
single divine energy.
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So, why do some cultures see
many gods and some only one?
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Where did the idea of
worshiping a single god
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first take root?
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Perhaps it began here,
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stonehenge, britain's iconic,
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5,000 year old monument.
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The culture that built
stonehenge had to endure long,
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cold winters.
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Their survival depended
on plentiful crops,
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so it would make sense to
focus on the single source
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of energy that drove
all of that, the sun.
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An archaeological team is
uncovering new evidence that
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may reveal the beliefs of
the people who once lived here.
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Vince gaffney: We're
going to look at the ditch
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and the interior, here.
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Morgan Freeman: Vince gaffney
and Paul garwood have been
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studying a giant,
c-shaped enclosure,
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less than two miles
away from stonehenge.
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The enclosure, called
durrington walls,
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was built around 4,500
years ago and appears to be
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aligned so its opening
faces the rising sun on the
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mid-winter's day.
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Paul garwood: This is a
ground-penetrating radar device.
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Morgan Freeman: But what
interests Vince and Paul is
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the remains of an older
monument they found buried
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underneath it.
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Vince gaffney: The
radar located a series of
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very large features.
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Paul garwood:
There's a long arc of stones,
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or large buried features
underneath the bank.
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Vince gaffney: So they've
remained undetected,
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effectively, for
several thousand years.
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Morgan Freeman: The
hidden rocks are massive.
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Each of them as
tall as two men.
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They also form part of
a c-shaped monument,
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but the direction this c
faces is different from the
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orientation of the
mound that buries it.
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Vince gaffney: There was an
earlier monument of a very
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different form on this site.
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It was looking towards beacon
hill and these dramatic line
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of hills to the east,
which is a dominant,
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topographic feature
in this area,
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and certainly must have
had significance at the time.
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Morgan Freeman: Vince and Paul
think the original monument
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may be older than stonehenge.
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They don't know what its
alignment to the hills meant.
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Perhaps the hills were
revered as divine,
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or were associated
with ancestors.
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But after the ancient
britons built the iconic
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stone circle at stonehenge...
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They demolished the old
stones at durrington walls,
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and made a new mound,
faced the same direction as
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stonehenge, toward the
rising, mid-winter sun.
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Vince gaffney: They've
been pushed over,
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and the bank of the later
henge monument has actually
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been placed on top of them.
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It moved in its orientation.
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It's form changed, and
presumably, to some extent,
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its function.
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Paul garwood: The creation
of stonehenge itself,
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and the building of
the new architecture,
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durrington walls, suggest
a shift towards a greater
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emphasis on the sun as
the main focus of worship
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and religious interest.
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The builders were trying to
establish a very particular
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connection with summer.
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Morgan Freeman: The people of
stonehenge may have been the
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first to worship the sun as
a single, all-powerful god.
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But in focusing on the sun,
i wonder if they lost something.
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When the
gods were ancestors,
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or rivers, or mountains,
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they were much
more accessible,
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easier to connect
to, to speak to.
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How do you speak to
a god that's so remote?
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I hope to find the answer
at my next destination, Egypt.
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More than a thousand years
after stonehenge was built,
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an Egyptian man also
decided to worship the sun.
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His idea was considered
so dangerous,
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that his memory was
nearly wiped from the face
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of the earth.
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Thank you very much.
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Today, just a few mementos
of his life remain at
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the Cairo museum.
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Salima ikram: Hey!
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Morgan Freeman:
Oh, there you are!
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Salima ikram: Hello.
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00:14:51,847 --> 00:14:53,848
Morgan Freeman: Hello.
249
00:14:53,849 --> 00:14:57,151
Amid the remains of dozens
of pharaohs, egyptologist,
250
00:14:57,152 --> 00:15:01,322
salima ikram is going
to help me find one whose
251
00:15:01,323 --> 00:15:04,993
name is akhenaten.
252
00:15:11,433 --> 00:15:14,001
Salima ikram: There he is.
253
00:15:14,002 --> 00:15:15,470
Morgan Freeman: Akhenaten.
254
00:15:15,471 --> 00:15:18,740
Salima ikram: Yeah, he
thought that there were too
255
00:15:18,741 --> 00:15:22,610
many gods and not enough
focus was on him.
256
00:15:22,611 --> 00:15:25,747
"There were needs
to be an important god,
257
00:15:25,748 --> 00:15:27,982
whom only I can channel."
258
00:15:27,983 --> 00:15:29,283
Morgan Freeman:
So, he changed things.
259
00:15:29,284 --> 00:15:31,085
Salima ikram: Radically.
260
00:15:31,086 --> 00:15:33,721
He, basically, closed down
most of the temples, said that,
261
00:15:33,722 --> 00:15:37,859
"there is a special god,
the sun god, the aten,"
262
00:15:37,860 --> 00:15:41,796
and that, "you can worship
the aten, through me."
263
00:15:41,797 --> 00:15:43,664
Morgan Freeman: And that
didn't go over too well
264
00:15:43,665 --> 00:15:45,032
with a few people?
265
00:15:45,033 --> 00:15:48,136
Salima ikram: No, no, that
was not a very popular move,
266
00:15:48,137 --> 00:15:49,570
because, of course,
267
00:15:49,571 --> 00:15:54,676
all the priests of the other
important gods were shut down.
268
00:15:57,379 --> 00:16:00,681
Morgan Freeman:
Around the year 1350bc,
269
00:16:00,682 --> 00:16:05,319
akhenaten declared the sun
would be Egypt's only god.
270
00:16:05,320 --> 00:16:08,689
In doing so, he would found
the first faith in recorded
271
00:16:08,690 --> 00:16:13,795
history with a single deity.
272
00:16:13,796 --> 00:16:17,433
But it would not last.
273
00:16:17,800 --> 00:16:22,570
As soon as he died,
the old priesthood struck back.
274
00:16:22,571 --> 00:16:25,106
Salima ikram: This
piece has been hacked away,
275
00:16:25,107 --> 00:16:26,474
as you can tell.
276
00:16:26,475 --> 00:16:30,278
You can see how the name
of the king is hacked out.
277
00:16:30,279 --> 00:16:33,514
The name of the aten
is also attacked.
278
00:16:33,515 --> 00:16:36,684
Everything there is chip,
chip, chip, chip, chip,
279
00:16:36,685 --> 00:16:38,820
chip chip, chip, and
it's gone away, because of...
280
00:16:38,821 --> 00:16:40,521
Morgan Freeman: Destroyed,
they just destroyed
281
00:16:40,522 --> 00:16:41,689
his memories...
282
00:16:41,690 --> 00:16:43,658
The best they could.
283
00:16:43,659 --> 00:16:47,895
Akhenaten hoped his son
would continue this legacy,
284
00:16:47,896 --> 00:16:50,031
but his son was only
nine years old when he
285
00:16:50,032 --> 00:16:51,966
took the throne.
286
00:16:51,967 --> 00:16:56,205
His name was, tutankhamun.
287
00:17:00,242 --> 00:17:04,913
Salima ikram: Here is the
coffin of king tutankhamun.
288
00:17:07,416 --> 00:17:09,851
Morgan Freeman:
The most famous pharaoh.
289
00:17:09,852 --> 00:17:11,452
Salima ikram: Absolutely.
290
00:17:11,453 --> 00:17:13,988
Morgan Freeman: But he
took the throne at aged nine?
291
00:17:13,989 --> 00:17:15,623
Salima ikram:
Nine to nineteen,
292
00:17:15,624 --> 00:17:17,158
only ten short years.
293
00:17:17,159 --> 00:17:19,293
Morgan Freeman:
Ten short years?
294
00:17:19,294 --> 00:17:21,229
I would imagine that a
nine-year-old taking the
295
00:17:21,230 --> 00:17:24,966
throne would be under
the thumb of the old guys
296
00:17:24,967 --> 00:17:27,268
who would say,
"look, we can't keep this up,
297
00:17:27,269 --> 00:17:29,337
we got to go
back to what works."
298
00:17:29,338 --> 00:17:31,172
Salima ikram:
Yeah, absolutely.
299
00:17:31,173 --> 00:17:34,909
He did what he was told,
probably, and effectively,
300
00:17:34,910 --> 00:17:39,013
his reign sort of knocked
out akhenaten's reign,
301
00:17:39,014 --> 00:17:42,683
and we have a return
to the religion.
302
00:17:42,684 --> 00:17:44,719
Morgan Freeman:
Right, to the gods.
303
00:17:44,720 --> 00:17:48,122
Salima ikram: The old
gods are back in full force.
304
00:17:48,123 --> 00:17:50,958
Morgan Freeman:
Tutankhamun's priests erased
305
00:17:50,959 --> 00:17:54,295
akhenaten's monotheistic
religion and tried to
306
00:17:54,296 --> 00:17:58,399
erase him from history.
307
00:17:58,400 --> 00:18:00,168
Salima ikram: Here we go.
308
00:18:00,169 --> 00:18:03,304
This is akhenaten's
sarcophagus.
309
00:18:03,305 --> 00:18:05,073
Morgan Freeman:
This is his sarcophagus?
310
00:18:05,074 --> 00:18:06,541
Salima ikram:
Or, what's left of it,
311
00:18:06,542 --> 00:18:08,076
because it's all
smashed to pieces.
312
00:18:08,077 --> 00:18:10,545
Morgan Freeman:
Well, that's what you get,
313
00:18:10,546 --> 00:18:13,314
trying to change the world.
314
00:18:13,315 --> 00:18:15,717
Salima ikram: Well,
the poor thing didn't manage
315
00:18:15,718 --> 00:18:18,486
to change it for very long.
316
00:18:18,487 --> 00:18:22,558
Morgan Freeman: Do not
fool around with the gods.
317
00:18:27,196 --> 00:18:33,000
Well, akhenaten's experiment
in monotheism failed.
318
00:18:33,001 --> 00:18:37,071
But I can't help
wondering if what happened,
319
00:18:37,072 --> 00:18:40,208
oh, around 1300bc,
320
00:18:40,209 --> 00:18:43,010
didn't influence the
beginning of another religion.
321
00:18:43,011 --> 00:18:45,780
But it was here on
the banks of the nile that
322
00:18:45,781 --> 00:18:47,715
Jewish tradition says,
323
00:18:47,716 --> 00:18:50,251
Moses was found
among the bulrushes.
324
00:18:50,252 --> 00:18:52,987
And from that period,
belief in a single god began
325
00:18:52,988 --> 00:18:57,926
to spread around the world.
326
00:18:58,694 --> 00:19:01,529
How did the belief of
a small band of israelites
327
00:19:01,530 --> 00:19:04,465
spread so far and wide?
328
00:19:04,466 --> 00:19:08,169
Today, almost
4 billion muslims,
329
00:19:08,170 --> 00:19:13,609
christians and Jews worship
the same, single god.
330
00:19:14,843 --> 00:19:17,146
What was so special
about this god?
331
00:19:30,095 --> 00:19:32,796
Morgan Freeman: I'm traveling
around the world to find out
332
00:19:32,797 --> 00:19:36,233
how people of different
faiths connect to the divine.
333
00:19:36,234 --> 00:19:40,537
And uncovering how our
ideas of who god is have
334
00:19:40,538 --> 00:19:43,875
evolved over the millennia.
335
00:19:45,944 --> 00:19:49,046
My quest brings
me to Jerusalem,
336
00:19:49,047 --> 00:19:51,949
because half the people
on the planet can trace their
337
00:19:51,950 --> 00:19:55,452
god to this ancient city.
338
00:19:55,453 --> 00:19:58,489
It was here,
around 3,000 years ago,
339
00:19:58,490 --> 00:20:02,961
that beliein a single,
all-powerful deity took root.
340
00:20:04,262 --> 00:20:08,032
I meet Jewish philosopher,
yoram hazony to find out how
341
00:20:08,033 --> 00:20:12,169
one god won out over many.
342
00:20:12,170 --> 00:20:14,071
This is the old
city, old Jerusalem.
343
00:20:14,072 --> 00:20:16,440
Yoram hazony:
The old city of Jerusalem,
344
00:20:16,441 --> 00:20:18,709
and stores like this have
been lining these streets
345
00:20:18,710 --> 00:20:20,678
for thousands of years.
346
00:20:20,679 --> 00:20:22,680
Except, you know, that
thousands of years ago,
347
00:20:22,681 --> 00:20:24,515
they actually sold idols.
348
00:20:24,516 --> 00:20:27,351
Like representations of
gods, like little figurines.
349
00:20:27,352 --> 00:20:31,922
In fact, there's an old
rabbinic story from about the
350
00:20:31,923 --> 00:20:34,191
time of the talmud,
that Abraham's father was
351
00:20:34,192 --> 00:20:36,660
a idol shop owner.
352
00:20:36,661 --> 00:20:38,262
Morgan Freeman:
So, these idols,
353
00:20:38,263 --> 00:20:39,830
what were these gods for?
354
00:20:39,831 --> 00:20:42,533
Yoram hazony: So, the
gods, they represent,
355
00:20:42,534 --> 00:20:45,569
in the old pagan religions,
they represent anything
356
00:20:45,570 --> 00:20:47,638
that a human being
could want or need.
357
00:20:47,639 --> 00:20:50,709
There's a god that
brings the rain.
358
00:20:52,544 --> 00:20:53,911
Morgan Freeman:
Just a rain god.
359
00:20:53,912 --> 00:20:55,546
Yoram hazony: You want
victory on the battlefield,
360
00:20:55,547 --> 00:20:56,747
so there's a god of war.
361
00:20:56,748 --> 00:20:59,885
 [Battle cries and shouting].
362
00:21:00,218 --> 00:21:01,819
Morgan Freeman: But you
would have to figure out
363
00:21:01,820 --> 00:21:03,454
how you're gonna please
all the different gods and
364
00:21:03,455 --> 00:21:04,655
get what you wanted
from them, wouldn't you?
365
00:21:04,656 --> 00:21:06,123
Yoram hazony: Right, exactly.
366
00:21:06,124 --> 00:21:07,591
So some of those gods,
all they want is like,
367
00:21:07,592 --> 00:21:09,059
you know, a party.
368
00:21:09,060 --> 00:21:11,262
They want wine and song,
and some good food.
369
00:21:11,263 --> 00:21:13,497
That's not such a bad thing.
370
00:21:13,498 --> 00:21:17,035
But, some of those gods
demanded bloodshed.
371
00:21:18,703 --> 00:21:20,504
So, "you want something
from here, here it is,
372
00:21:20,505 --> 00:21:21,705
I want something from you.
373
00:21:21,706 --> 00:21:23,440
I want you to sacrifice
your son," or something.
374
00:21:23,441 --> 00:21:25,276
Morgan Freeman: Okay, all right,
all right, all right.
375
00:21:25,277 --> 00:21:27,077
How do I get now,
from the rain god,
376
00:21:27,078 --> 00:21:29,780
I got a god of fire,
to one I can't see,
377
00:21:29,781 --> 00:21:32,983
I can't touch, I don't
know for sure is there?
378
00:21:32,984 --> 00:21:34,418
Yoram hazony: Well,
that's what this story about
379
00:21:34,419 --> 00:21:35,920
Abraham is about.
380
00:21:35,921 --> 00:21:38,422
Abraham looks around at
all these different gods.
381
00:21:38,423 --> 00:21:40,624
There's gotta be
one set of rules.
382
00:21:40,625 --> 00:21:42,526
One set of laws of nature,
383
00:21:42,527 --> 00:21:46,597
one set of laws of morals
that apply to all human beings.
384
00:21:46,598 --> 00:21:47,865
Morgan Freeman:
So, what does he do?
385
00:21:47,866 --> 00:21:49,166
Where's he gonna go?
386
00:21:49,167 --> 00:21:50,501
Yoram hazony: All right,
let's take a walk and
387
00:21:50,502 --> 00:21:51,635
I'll show you, come on.
388
00:21:51,636 --> 00:21:54,806
Morgan Freeman:
Okay, all right.
389
00:21:56,908 --> 00:22:00,144
Yoram hazony: So, right here,
we're looking at the absolute
390
00:22:00,145 --> 00:22:02,479
centre of the religious world.
391
00:22:02,480 --> 00:22:03,647
This is it.
392
00:22:03,648 --> 00:22:07,352
This is the place.
393
00:22:08,186 --> 00:22:12,489
We have, over there,
the dome of the rock.
394
00:22:12,490 --> 00:22:15,025
Over there, al-aqsa mosque.
395
00:22:15,026 --> 00:22:17,127
The mount of olives.
396
00:22:17,128 --> 00:22:20,030
And the valley of gethsemane.
397
00:22:20,031 --> 00:22:22,499
And down below,
the western wall,
398
00:22:22,500 --> 00:22:26,203
the holiest prayer
shrine of judaism.
399
00:22:26,204 --> 00:22:27,538
Morgan Freeman: Why here?
400
00:22:27,539 --> 00:22:30,675
Yoram hazony: For
one reason exactly.
401
00:22:34,212 --> 00:22:38,616
When Abraham almost
sacrificed his son, Isaac,
402
00:22:38,617 --> 00:22:42,621
it took place right
up there on that spot.
403
00:22:43,521 --> 00:22:47,057
Now, let's remember,
Abraham's surrounded by
404
00:22:47,058 --> 00:22:50,294
idolaters who were
sacrificing their children.
405
00:22:50,295 --> 00:22:51,829
Murdering their own children.
406
00:22:51,830 --> 00:22:54,531
Morgan Freeman: Abraham
thought that he was following
407
00:22:54,532 --> 00:22:58,802
god's commandments by
taking Isaac up there and...
408
00:22:58,803 --> 00:23:02,240
Yoram hazony:
But god says to him,
409
00:23:03,608 --> 00:23:05,843
"you're not gonna
touch your son.
410
00:23:05,844 --> 00:23:11,049
Not this time,
not for all time."
411
00:23:11,283 --> 00:23:13,584
"There's one god,"
and he says,
412
00:23:13,585 --> 00:23:16,654
"you are not gonna sacrifice
another child ever again."
413
00:23:16,655 --> 00:23:19,323
And commemorating
that "never again" is the
414
00:23:19,324 --> 00:23:21,492
reason that the Jews
built the temple here,
415
00:23:21,493 --> 00:23:23,027
and from there,
416
00:23:23,028 --> 00:23:25,296
judaism and christianity
make this the holiest place
417
00:23:25,297 --> 00:23:27,898
in the history of the world.
418
00:23:27,899 --> 00:23:29,733
Morgan Freeman: That
brings up a question though.
419
00:23:29,734 --> 00:23:31,602
This is an invisible god,
420
00:23:31,603 --> 00:23:36,307
there's no way that you can
make some approximation of him.
421
00:23:36,308 --> 00:23:37,975
Yoram hazony:
Right, there's no idols.
422
00:23:37,976 --> 00:23:40,611
It's a single force
that gives order,
423
00:23:40,612 --> 00:23:44,048
the physical order and the
moral order to all of mankind
424
00:23:44,049 --> 00:23:45,916
and to our whole world.
425
00:23:45,917 --> 00:23:49,353
There's no representation,
'cause he's not a local power.
426
00:23:49,354 --> 00:23:51,522
Morgan Freeman:
Temples to the single,
427
00:23:51,523 --> 00:23:53,457
Jewish god stood on
this spot for almost
428
00:23:53,458 --> 00:23:54,992
a thousand years.
429
00:23:54,993 --> 00:23:57,595
Until the romans destroyed
the one that was standing
430
00:23:57,596 --> 00:23:59,763
in 70ad.
431
00:23:59,764 --> 00:24:03,467
But that destruction
did not end this faith.
432
00:24:03,468 --> 00:24:04,902
Yoram hazony: The one
incredible thing about this is
433
00:24:04,903 --> 00:24:09,073
that the one invisible god
that's beyond all things,
434
00:24:09,074 --> 00:24:11,742
it turns out that, you know,
when you destroy the temple
435
00:24:11,743 --> 00:24:13,077
to that one god...
436
00:24:13,078 --> 00:24:14,712
Morgan Freeman:
You don't destroy the god.
437
00:24:14,713 --> 00:24:16,480
Yoram hazony:
You don't destroy the god.
438
00:24:16,481 --> 00:24:18,816
It turns out, he's just as
much there as he was before.
439
00:24:18,817 --> 00:24:20,551
Morgan Freeman:
And that's well put.
440
00:24:20,552 --> 00:24:22,519
It's understandable.
441
00:24:22,520 --> 00:24:24,255
[Chanting prayers]
442
00:24:24,256 --> 00:24:26,757
The god of Abraham was a
god you could commune with
443
00:24:26,758 --> 00:24:29,727
without any temples,
without idols.
444
00:24:29,728 --> 00:24:32,930
For Jews, and also for
christians and muslims,
445
00:24:32,931 --> 00:24:35,366
this invisible god
is always with them,
446
00:24:35,367 --> 00:24:39,804
no matter when or
where they turn to him.
447
00:24:40,105 --> 00:24:44,041
It's truly amazing that
three of the world's great
448
00:24:44,042 --> 00:24:48,646
faiths exist in
such close proximity.
449
00:24:48,647 --> 00:24:53,284
All worshipping
one god, the same god,
450
00:24:53,285 --> 00:24:56,086
a god who has survived
calamities from the
451
00:24:56,087 --> 00:25:00,959
destruction of the holy
temple to religious violence.
452
00:25:03,562 --> 00:25:08,667
But how do you connect with a
god who has no physical form?
453
00:25:17,976 --> 00:25:23,181
How do you know what's
divine and what isn't?
454
00:25:25,483 --> 00:25:28,519
I have decided to return
to Cairo to try and
455
00:25:28,520 --> 00:25:32,389
understand who
god is to muslims.
456
00:25:32,390 --> 00:25:35,960
Islam believes in the
same god as Jews and christians,
457
00:25:35,961 --> 00:25:38,862
but I wanna know if there
are differences in how
458
00:25:38,863 --> 00:25:43,368
they think about the divine.
459
00:25:44,236 --> 00:25:47,538
Historian of islam,
Ahmed ragab has brought me
460
00:25:47,539 --> 00:25:52,009
to the al-Hussein mosque.
461
00:25:52,010 --> 00:25:53,711
And you can
just come in here,
462
00:25:53,712 --> 00:25:55,246
just like a catholic church?
463
00:25:55,247 --> 00:25:56,513
So it always open for prayer.
464
00:25:56,514 --> 00:25:58,082
Ahmed ragab: Yeah, yeah.
465
00:25:58,083 --> 00:25:59,783
Morgan Freeman: If you
wanna come in here and just
466
00:25:59,784 --> 00:26:02,286
hang out with
yourself and Allah?
467
00:26:02,287 --> 00:26:04,788
Ahmed ragab:
Yeah, absolutely.
468
00:26:04,789 --> 00:26:07,157
Morgan Freeman: I'm just
in time to hear what muslims
469
00:26:07,158 --> 00:26:11,528
believe is one of the most
beautiful sounds in the world,
470
00:26:11,529 --> 00:26:14,465
the call to prayer.
471
00:26:14,466 --> 00:26:20,972
 [Sings call to prayer].
472
00:26:30,549 --> 00:26:33,918
For the faithful,
the song of the muezzin is a
473
00:26:33,919 --> 00:26:39,991
manifestation of god himself.
474
00:26:45,363 --> 00:26:48,265
Ahmed ragab: So that the
end of the prayer is by saying,
475
00:26:48,266 --> 00:26:49,900
"as-salaam-alaikum"
476
00:26:49,901 --> 00:26:52,469
much like you end
an encounter with anybody.
477
00:26:52,470 --> 00:26:54,405
And it is because the
prayer is, essentially,
478
00:26:54,406 --> 00:26:57,641
a meeting with god,
the function is goodbye.
479
00:26:57,642 --> 00:26:59,176
Morgan Freeman:
Like, "hey," you know,
480
00:26:59,177 --> 00:27:00,878
"see you later,
nice talking to you."
481
00:27:00,879 --> 00:27:03,647
Ahmed ragab: Exactly,
see you the next time.
482
00:27:03,648 --> 00:27:06,617
 [Muezzin sings prayer].
483
00:27:06,618 --> 00:27:08,485
Morgan Freeman: Prayer
to Allah seems like a
484
00:27:08,486 --> 00:27:11,756
conversation with a person.
485
00:27:12,791 --> 00:27:17,194
But how do you speak to a
person who has no human form?
486
00:27:17,195 --> 00:27:20,598
To help me understand, Ahmed
has arranged a meeting with
487
00:27:20,599 --> 00:27:25,837
the mosque's spiritual
leader, imam al-Amir mahfouz.
488
00:27:26,605 --> 00:27:28,739
Thank you so much
for speaking with us.
489
00:27:28,740 --> 00:27:30,207
Imam: Welcome.
490
00:27:30,208 --> 00:27:32,710
Morgan Freeman: In
the Christian religion,
491
00:27:32,711 --> 00:27:35,880
god is so manifested,
492
00:27:35,881 --> 00:27:40,150
but there is
no such thing in islam.
493
00:27:40,151 --> 00:27:42,019
So, who am I talking to?
494
00:27:42,020 --> 00:27:44,054
Do I envision anything?
495
00:27:44,055 --> 00:27:48,994
 [Foreign dialogue].
496
00:27:49,394 --> 00:27:53,664
 [Foreign dialogue].
497
00:27:53,665 --> 00:27:55,966
Imam: You cannot imagine god.
498
00:27:55,967 --> 00:27:57,768
God is beyond imagination.
499
00:27:57,769 --> 00:28:00,571
Whatever you would imagine
with our human minds,
500
00:28:00,572 --> 00:28:02,673
god would be
different from it.
501
00:28:02,674 --> 00:28:08,445
Morgan Freeman: One of the
most haunting and beautiful
502
00:28:08,446 --> 00:28:13,585
sounds in the world is
the Muslim call to prayer.
503
00:28:14,786 --> 00:28:18,355
What is the origin of that?
504
00:28:18,356 --> 00:28:20,791
Ahmed ragab: It is
said that one of Muhammad's
505
00:28:20,792 --> 00:28:24,328
companions had a vision
while he was asleep,
506
00:28:24,329 --> 00:28:27,097
where he heard this
call for prayer.
507
00:28:27,098 --> 00:28:29,166
And then, when he woke up,
508
00:28:29,167 --> 00:28:31,335
he went to Muhammad
and told him about it.
509
00:28:31,336 --> 00:28:34,438
And he's made it into
this ritual of using it to
510
00:28:34,439 --> 00:28:38,342
call for prayers every
day, five times every day.
511
00:28:38,343 --> 00:28:40,477
Morgan Freeman:
The muezzin, how is he chosen?
512
00:28:40,478 --> 00:28:42,813
Do you hold auditions?
513
00:28:42,814 --> 00:28:45,183
 [Foreign dialogue].
514
00:28:45,784 --> 00:28:50,422
 [Foreign dialogue].
515
00:28:50,989 --> 00:28:53,891
Imam: There are auditions
where they would listen to
516
00:28:53,892 --> 00:28:56,327
people and the one who
has the best voice will
517
00:28:56,328 --> 00:28:59,431
be given the position.
518
00:28:59,698 --> 00:29:04,903
Morgan Freeman:
Allahhhhhhhhhhu-aqbar.
519
00:29:05,103 --> 00:29:06,470
How does that sound?
520
00:29:06,471 --> 00:29:08,072
 [Laughs].
521
00:29:08,073 --> 00:29:11,475
 [Foreign dialogue].
522
00:29:11,476 --> 00:29:13,043
Imam: You have to work on it.
523
00:29:13,044 --> 00:29:14,378
Morgan Freeman:
I have to work on it.
524
00:29:14,379 --> 00:29:16,280
Okay, I get it.
525
00:29:16,281 --> 00:29:18,282
 [Sings prayer].
526
00:29:18,283 --> 00:29:21,018
Mosques are designed to be
filled with beautiful sounds
527
00:29:21,019 --> 00:29:24,388
and images that
delight the senses,
528
00:29:24,389 --> 00:29:28,025
from elaborate architecture,
to versus of the quran,
529
00:29:28,026 --> 00:29:30,761
written in the
finest calligraphy.
530
00:29:30,762 --> 00:29:33,731
Many muslims see this
beauty as a manifestation
531
00:29:33,732 --> 00:29:36,634
of god himself.
532
00:29:36,635 --> 00:29:40,137
Islam sees god in all
things that are beautiful,
533
00:29:40,138 --> 00:29:42,806
because god has
not physical form,
534
00:29:42,807 --> 00:29:46,810
he can be experienced anywhere
with any of the senses.
535
00:29:46,811 --> 00:29:51,382
But these experiences only
have an aspect of the divine,
536
00:29:51,383 --> 00:29:55,921
god is always more
than we can imagine.
537
00:29:56,922 --> 00:29:59,623
Across so many faiths
around the world,
538
00:29:59,624 --> 00:30:04,328
and throughout time, people
have emulated the divine in
539
00:30:04,329 --> 00:30:07,731
the beauty of their temples,
and glimpsed god in the
540
00:30:07,732 --> 00:30:11,101
splendour of nature.
541
00:30:11,102 --> 00:30:15,807
But some faiths believe god
can take a physical form.
542
00:30:16,975 --> 00:30:21,346
And that form is a person.
543
00:30:23,315 --> 00:30:25,916
I'm in shiprock,
new Mexico in the heart
544
00:30:25,917 --> 00:30:28,719
of the navajo nation.
545
00:30:28,720 --> 00:30:33,357
I'm about to witness something
that few outsiders ever see,
546
00:30:33,358 --> 00:30:37,828
a sacred ceremony where
a god and a human become
547
00:30:37,829 --> 00:30:40,932
one single being.
548
00:30:49,507 --> 00:30:50,874
Woman: Welcome.
549
00:30:50,875 --> 00:30:52,743
Morgan Freeman: Thank you,
thank you, thank you.
550
00:30:52,744 --> 00:30:54,078
Woman: You're welcome.
551
00:30:54,079 --> 00:30:55,246
Woman 2: Hi, Morgan.
552
00:30:55,247 --> 00:30:56,480
Morgan Freeman: How are you?
553
00:30:56,481 --> 00:30:57,882
Kayla: We have
something for you too.
554
00:30:57,883 --> 00:30:59,116
Morgan Freeman: Oh, you do?
555
00:30:59,117 --> 00:31:00,217
Kayla: Yes.
556
00:31:00,218 --> 00:31:02,753
Morgan Freeman: Look out!
557
00:31:02,754 --> 00:31:04,088
Thank you.
558
00:31:04,089 --> 00:31:05,522
Kayla: You're welcome.
559
00:31:05,523 --> 00:31:06,857
Morgan Freeman: Now,
where are we going now?
560
00:31:06,858 --> 00:31:07,992
Woman: We're going inside.
561
00:31:07,993 --> 00:31:09,093
Morgan Freeman: Are we?
562
00:31:09,094 --> 00:31:10,461
Woman: Yes.
563
00:31:10,462 --> 00:31:12,029
Morgan Freeman:
All right, I'll follow.
564
00:31:12,030 --> 00:31:15,766
Inside the traditional
navajo ritual hut, or hogan,
565
00:31:15,767 --> 00:31:18,402
the Peterson family has
agreed to share with me the
566
00:31:18,403 --> 00:31:20,738
ceremony that allows
their youngest daughter,
567
00:31:20,739 --> 00:31:24,309
maysun to pass from
girlhood to womanhood.
568
00:31:28,780 --> 00:31:31,115
By the end of the
four day long ritual,
569
00:31:31,116 --> 00:31:36,186
one of the navajo deities
will be living inside her.
570
00:31:36,187 --> 00:31:38,088
Woman: Yeah, just like
that, and make a cone...
571
00:31:38,089 --> 00:31:39,290
Woman 2: Oh, yeah.
572
00:31:39,291 --> 00:31:41,025
Woman: Like a cone, like this.
573
00:31:41,026 --> 00:31:42,826
Morgan Freeman: The core
of the ceremony is the
574
00:31:42,827 --> 00:31:45,062
making of a giant corn
cake in honor of the sun.
575
00:31:45,063 --> 00:31:46,664
How big is the cake gonna be?
576
00:31:46,665 --> 00:31:48,032
Woman: It's gonna be huge.
577
00:31:48,033 --> 00:31:51,002
Morgan Freeman: Huge.
578
00:31:58,009 --> 00:31:59,376
Are you the fire tender?
579
00:31:59,377 --> 00:32:00,744
Kayla: Yes.
580
00:32:00,745 --> 00:32:02,379
Morgan Freeman: Okay.
581
00:32:02,380 --> 00:32:05,216
Maysun's older sister,
Kayla went through this same
582
00:32:05,217 --> 00:32:08,452
ritual four years ago, and
learned about her connection
583
00:32:08,453 --> 00:32:12,356
to the navajo
gods, or holy people.
584
00:32:12,357 --> 00:32:17,094
Do me a favor,
tell me about this ritual.
585
00:32:17,095 --> 00:32:20,197
Kayla: So, it's referred
to as, the kinaalda ceremony.
586
00:32:20,198 --> 00:32:21,166
Morgan Freeman:
Say that again.
587
00:32:21,167 --> 00:32:22,466
Kayla: Kinaalda.
588
00:32:22,467 --> 00:32:24,068
Morgan Freeman: Kinaalda.
589
00:32:24,069 --> 00:32:26,637
Kayla: I had my ceremony
when I was about 12.
590
00:32:26,638 --> 00:32:30,207
And it's a puberty ceremony,
so it actually originates from
591
00:32:30,208 --> 00:32:32,042
changing woman who,
we call her,
592
00:32:32,043 --> 00:32:33,711
asdza'a' n�dleeh�.
593
00:32:33,712 --> 00:32:35,279
Morgan Freeman:
Asdza'a' n�dleeh�?
594
00:32:35,280 --> 00:32:36,413
Kayla: Yes.
595
00:32:36,414 --> 00:32:37,815
Morgan Freeman: Close though.
596
00:32:37,816 --> 00:32:39,650
Kayla: Close for the first.
597
00:32:39,651 --> 00:32:41,418
Morgan Freeman:
Asdza'a' n�dleeh�.
598
00:32:41,419 --> 00:32:43,687
Kayla: The story originated
because they wanted changing
599
00:32:43,688 --> 00:32:45,456
woman to bear children.
600
00:32:45,457 --> 00:32:49,493
So, it all starts when
first woman and first man see
601
00:32:49,494 --> 00:32:53,864
a dark cloud come
over gobernador knob and
602
00:32:53,865 --> 00:32:55,699
they hear a baby crying.
603
00:32:55,700 --> 00:33:00,839
 [Baby crying].
604
00:33:11,983 --> 00:33:15,085
Kayla: And him and first
woman were instructed to care
605
00:33:15,086 --> 00:33:18,857
for the baby
by the holy people.
606
00:33:20,292 --> 00:33:23,827
So, within 12 days,
she grew from an infant into
607
00:33:23,828 --> 00:33:25,462
a 12-year-old girl.
608
00:33:25,463 --> 00:33:26,830
Morgan Freeman: In 12 days?
609
00:33:26,831 --> 00:33:28,198
Kayla: Yes.
610
00:33:28,199 --> 00:33:31,368
She was ready
to become a woman.
611
00:33:31,369 --> 00:33:33,304
Morgan Freeman:
To grow into a woman,
612
00:33:33,305 --> 00:33:35,539
maysun must connect
with the divine spirit of
613
00:33:35,540 --> 00:33:37,975
changing woman, which
the navajo believe still
614
00:33:37,976 --> 00:33:40,411
inhabits the landscape.
615
00:33:40,412 --> 00:33:44,448
Each day, she has to run
toward the rising sun.
616
00:33:44,449 --> 00:33:47,918
Do the young ladies always
run east in the morning?
617
00:33:47,919 --> 00:33:49,453
Kayla: Yes.
618
00:33:49,454 --> 00:33:51,722
So it goes back on the
story with changing woman,
619
00:33:51,723 --> 00:33:53,424
as she becomes a woman.
620
00:33:53,425 --> 00:33:58,129
When she does bear children,
it is with the sun.
621
00:34:02,234 --> 00:34:06,238
Woman 2: The holy people
are around us right now.
622
00:34:15,113 --> 00:34:16,847
Woman: This is an
opportunity for the ceremony
623
00:34:16,848 --> 00:34:21,218
where these prayers come
upon her and push on her.
624
00:34:21,219 --> 00:34:23,020
And it's all about her.
625
00:34:23,021 --> 00:34:26,156
Yes, yes, yes it is.
626
00:34:26,157 --> 00:34:28,926
So she gets all the prayers,
627
00:34:28,927 --> 00:34:31,028
and your hopes
and your dreams...
628
00:34:31,029 --> 00:34:32,863
Woman: And [Inaudible]
whatever it is that you
629
00:34:32,864 --> 00:34:34,265
want for her.
630
00:34:34,266 --> 00:34:36,600
Just whatever positive you
can push into the cake and
631
00:34:36,601 --> 00:34:38,369
make sure that her life
is strong and complete,
632
00:34:38,370 --> 00:34:40,471
and that she knows that
she has all these prayers
633
00:34:40,472 --> 00:34:42,339
that will got with her.
634
00:34:42,340 --> 00:34:44,743
Morgan Freeman: Go with her.
635
00:34:45,610 --> 00:34:48,445
 [Navajo medicine man sings].
636
00:34:48,446 --> 00:34:50,981
Morgan Freeman: As the corn
cake begins its slow overnight
637
00:34:50,982 --> 00:34:55,119
bake maysun begins the
final night of her kinaalda.
638
00:34:55,120 --> 00:34:58,255
Tonight, she'll be joined
with the spirit of the navajo
639
00:34:58,256 --> 00:35:01,158
deity, changing woman.
640
00:35:01,159 --> 00:35:05,362
 [Navajo medicine man sings]
641
00:35:05,363 --> 00:35:08,899
She and her family will
stay in the hogan until dawn,
642
00:35:08,900 --> 00:35:12,836
while the navajo medicine
man sings sacred songs.
643
00:35:12,837 --> 00:35:15,406
 [Navajo medicine man sings].
644
00:35:15,407 --> 00:35:20,044
Are all of these songs
prayers and blessings for
645
00:35:20,045 --> 00:35:23,281
the young girl?
646
00:35:24,216 --> 00:35:26,016
Navajo medicine man:
Yeah, these can help her
647
00:35:26,017 --> 00:35:27,818
along the way,
648
00:35:27,819 --> 00:35:30,421
that she's already
changing into a young adult.
649
00:35:30,422 --> 00:35:32,456
So I just sing for them
at the kinaalda, okay,
650
00:35:32,457 --> 00:35:34,024
to give them strength.
651
00:35:34,025 --> 00:35:35,659
It's what the run
is about, okay.
652
00:35:35,660 --> 00:35:39,830
With an endorsement, build
the muscles, and everything,
653
00:35:39,831 --> 00:35:43,033
so they will be changed
slowly into womanhood.
654
00:35:43,034 --> 00:35:45,502
 [Navajo medicine man sings].
655
00:35:45,503 --> 00:35:48,239
Morgan Freeman: There are many
more songs to be sung tonight,
656
00:35:48,240 --> 00:35:49,974
but hearing them
all is prohibited for
657
00:35:49,975 --> 00:35:52,376
outsiders like me.
658
00:35:52,377 --> 00:35:53,444
Thank you.
659
00:35:53,445 --> 00:35:55,679
Woman: You're welcome.
660
00:35:55,680 --> 00:35:56,881
Morgan Freeman: See you.
661
00:35:56,882 --> 00:35:59,049
Woman: We'll see you in a bit.
662
00:35:59,050 --> 00:36:01,553
Morgan Freeman: Okay.
663
00:36:08,426 --> 00:36:12,263
 [Navajo medicine man sings].
664
00:36:12,264 --> 00:36:14,865
Morgan Freeman: At dawn,
maysun makes the final and
665
00:36:14,866 --> 00:36:19,004
longest run of her kinaalda.
666
00:36:24,109 --> 00:36:30,615
 [Female navajo shouts].
667
00:36:36,388 --> 00:36:41,660
 [Female navajo shouts].
668
00:36:46,565 --> 00:36:47,765
Morgan Freeman: How
are you feeling?
669
00:36:47,766 --> 00:36:49,400
Maysun: I think
I'm gonna pass out.
670
00:36:49,401 --> 00:36:50,501
Morgan Freeman:
You're gonna pass out?
671
00:36:50,502 --> 00:36:51,769
Maysun: Yes.
672
00:36:51,770 --> 00:36:53,170
Morgan Freeman: She's
hot, she's gonna pass out.
673
00:36:53,171 --> 00:36:54,305
Woman: Yeah.
674
00:36:54,306 --> 00:36:55,573
Mason: I'm glad
it's cold out here.
675
00:36:55,574 --> 00:36:56,941
Morgan Freeman:
Okay, you're glad it's cold.
676
00:36:56,942 --> 00:36:58,275
Otherwise you would
pass out, right?
677
00:36:58,276 --> 00:36:59,977
Maysun: No.
678
00:36:59,978 --> 00:37:01,645
Morgan Freeman:
On this morning,
679
00:37:01,646 --> 00:37:04,081
the spirit of the navajo
deity has moved inside maysun
680
00:37:04,082 --> 00:37:06,750
and made her a holy person.
681
00:37:06,751 --> 00:37:08,385
Be proud, your cake is good.
682
00:37:08,386 --> 00:37:12,189
That means things are
gonna work out just fine.
683
00:37:12,190 --> 00:37:15,527
Right, right?
684
00:37:16,761 --> 00:37:18,963
The cake can only
be eaten once it's been
685
00:37:18,964 --> 00:37:21,732
blessed by maysun.
686
00:37:21,733 --> 00:37:23,100
I can take a bite of it?
687
00:37:23,101 --> 00:37:26,905
Maysun: Yeah, yeah,
don't burn your tongue.
688
00:37:30,842 --> 00:37:35,679
Morgan Freeman: Now that
it's over, how do you feel?
689
00:37:35,680 --> 00:37:38,782
Maysun: I feel like,
i say this, I'm just like,
690
00:37:38,783 --> 00:37:42,453
"mom, I survived,
it felt like boot camp!"
691
00:37:42,454 --> 00:37:44,521
 [Laughing].
692
00:37:44,522 --> 00:37:46,223
Morgan Freeman: Great.
693
00:37:46,224 --> 00:37:49,426
In the kinaalda, navajo girls
have a personal experience
694
00:37:49,427 --> 00:37:51,829
of the changing woman.
695
00:37:51,830 --> 00:37:54,265
One that can only
be gained through rare
696
00:37:54,266 --> 00:37:56,166
moments of insight.
697
00:37:56,167 --> 00:38:02,807
She is the spirit that infuses
the entire navajo landscape.
698
00:38:06,344 --> 00:38:09,747
If we believe that god
not only surrounds us,
699
00:38:09,748 --> 00:38:15,186
but also has the power
to move inside us...
700
00:38:17,122 --> 00:38:20,891
Can we, perhaps,
discover what god is by
701
00:38:20,892 --> 00:38:23,929
looking inside our minds?
702
00:38:25,674 --> 00:38:27,474
Morgan Freeman:
For thousands of years,
703
00:38:27,475 --> 00:38:30,511
to many people,
god has been invisible,
704
00:38:30,512 --> 00:38:34,215
intangible, a presence
believers can sense but
705
00:38:34,216 --> 00:38:37,318
not see or touch.
706
00:38:37,319 --> 00:38:41,623
But science may be
about to change that.
707
00:38:41,923 --> 00:38:44,825
I took a train to
Philadelphia to meet a
708
00:38:44,826 --> 00:38:48,629
neuroscientist who studies
what happens in our brains when
709
00:38:48,630 --> 00:38:51,365
we have
religious experiences.
710
00:38:51,366 --> 00:38:55,703
I'm about to see whether
i can find the presence of god,
711
00:38:55,704 --> 00:38:58,573
in my brain.
712
00:39:04,546 --> 00:39:07,848
Doctor Andy newberg is
pioneering an new field of
713
00:39:07,849 --> 00:39:11,586
study he calls, neurotheology.
714
00:39:12,387 --> 00:39:16,523
And I know that you have
done a lot of research on the
715
00:39:16,524 --> 00:39:22,898
brain, how the brain reacts
to say, spiritual meditation.
716
00:39:23,231 --> 00:39:25,366
Can you elaborate
on that for me?
717
00:39:25,367 --> 00:39:27,568
Dr. Andy newberg:
Well, certainly, you know,
718
00:39:27,569 --> 00:39:29,870
as we look at the brain,
we can see very substantial
719
00:39:29,871 --> 00:39:32,873
differences when people are
either religious or spiritual
720
00:39:32,874 --> 00:39:35,009
in their practices,
when they're trying to pray,
721
00:39:35,010 --> 00:39:36,677
meditate on god.
722
00:39:36,678 --> 00:39:39,880
You know, we can see
what's going on in us as
723
00:39:39,881 --> 00:39:43,817
we think about god,
experience god and pray to god,
724
00:39:43,818 --> 00:39:45,452
whatever the person is doing.
725
00:39:45,453 --> 00:39:47,121
Morgan Freeman: So,
you're looking for physical
726
00:39:47,122 --> 00:39:48,889
manifestations of god?
727
00:39:48,890 --> 00:39:50,457
Dr. Andy newberg: Yes,
you are looking for physical
728
00:39:50,458 --> 00:39:51,892
manifestations of god.
729
00:39:51,893 --> 00:39:53,294
Morgan Freeman: Okay.
730
00:39:53,295 --> 00:39:55,796
So, I'm interested in
find out if there is any
731
00:39:55,797 --> 00:39:58,999
manifestation of god
within me, in my brain.
732
00:39:59,000 --> 00:40:01,502
Dr. Andy newberg: Right,
we can take a look at that.
733
00:40:01,503 --> 00:40:02,603
Morgan Freeman: Come on.
734
00:40:02,604 --> 00:40:05,539
Dr. Andy newberg:
See if we can find it.
735
00:40:05,540 --> 00:40:06,840
Woman: Little pinch.
736
00:40:06,841 --> 00:40:07,942
Morgan Freeman: Ow!
737
00:40:07,943 --> 00:40:09,176
Woman: I'm sorry.
738
00:40:09,177 --> 00:40:10,945
Morgan Freeman:
No, I'm kidding.
739
00:40:10,946 --> 00:40:13,981
The process begins with an
injection of radioactive dye.
740
00:40:13,982 --> 00:40:15,716
What happens
if you drop that?
741
00:40:15,717 --> 00:40:17,218
Woman: Well, if we
spill it on the floor,
742
00:40:17,219 --> 00:40:20,955
we have to close that room,
and evacuate everybody.
743
00:40:20,956 --> 00:40:22,156
Morgan Freeman: So,
don't spill it, okay.
744
00:40:22,157 --> 00:40:23,891
Woman: Don't spill it.
745
00:40:23,892 --> 00:40:25,793
Morgan Freeman:
With the radioactive tracer
746
00:40:25,794 --> 00:40:28,596
in my bloodstream, Andy can
measure how much blood flows
747
00:40:28,597 --> 00:40:31,065
through the various
parts of my brain.
748
00:40:31,066 --> 00:40:33,167
The more I'm using
a part of my brain,
749
00:40:33,168 --> 00:40:36,403
the more radioactive
dye it will accumulate.
750
00:40:36,404 --> 00:40:39,707
I already did a baseline
scan while I was just resting
751
00:40:39,708 --> 00:40:42,009
with my eyes closed.
752
00:40:42,010 --> 00:40:45,045
Now, I'm attempting to
meditate on the divine
753
00:40:45,046 --> 00:40:47,948
to see whether
anything changes.
754
00:40:47,949 --> 00:40:49,650
Dr. Andy newberg:
It's time to start focusing
755
00:40:49,651 --> 00:40:50,718
on your breath.
756
00:40:50,719 --> 00:40:52,019
Morgan Freeman: All right.
757
00:40:52,020 --> 00:40:53,487
Dr. Andy newberg: Now,
just try to get in as good a
758
00:40:53,488 --> 00:40:55,055
state as you can,
focusing on the breath,
759
00:40:55,056 --> 00:40:56,390
just trying to
really bring really deep
760
00:40:56,391 --> 00:40:57,658
concentration to it.
761
00:40:57,659 --> 00:40:58,959
I think that'll be great.
762
00:40:58,960 --> 00:41:00,227
Morgan Freeman:
So shall I start now?
763
00:41:00,228 --> 00:41:01,929
Dr. Andy newberg: You can
go ahead and start now.
764
00:41:01,930 --> 00:41:04,566
Morgan Freeman: Okay.
765
00:41:38,400 --> 00:41:43,537
Dr. Andy newberg: Okay,
you can finish the meditation.
766
00:41:43,538 --> 00:41:45,839
How did it go?
767
00:41:45,840 --> 00:41:48,075
Morgan Freeman:
Fine, how long was that?
768
00:41:48,076 --> 00:41:51,413
Dr. Andy newberg: It was
about 11 or 12 minutes.
769
00:41:53,315 --> 00:41:55,316
Morgan Freeman: Before the
radioactive tracer flushes
770
00:41:55,317 --> 00:41:56,817
out of my system...
771
00:41:56,818 --> 00:41:58,352
Woman: So you'll
be on your back.
772
00:41:58,353 --> 00:42:00,254
Morgan Freeman: I have
to quickly climb into this
773
00:42:00,255 --> 00:42:05,392
3D scanner and see whether
my brain has changed because
774
00:42:05,393 --> 00:42:09,331
I mediated on god.
775
00:42:18,373 --> 00:42:19,640
Dr. Andy newberg: All right.
776
00:42:19,641 --> 00:42:21,008
Morgan Freeman: Well,
look at that, two eyes,
777
00:42:21,009 --> 00:42:22,910
a nose and the mouth.
778
00:42:22,911 --> 00:42:24,645
Dr. Andy newberg:
Well, but to me,
779
00:42:24,646 --> 00:42:26,580
it looks like you're
smiling a little bit.
780
00:42:26,581 --> 00:42:29,751
 [Laughter].
781
00:42:30,352 --> 00:42:34,188
Morgan Freeman: What do you
see or do you see anything?
782
00:42:34,189 --> 00:42:36,257
Dr. Andy newberg: So these are
your two scans side-by-side.
783
00:42:36,258 --> 00:42:37,791
Here's your resting scan.
784
00:42:37,792 --> 00:42:39,293
Here's the meditation scan.
785
00:42:39,294 --> 00:42:42,162
And you can see, if you
look at the frontal lobes here,
786
00:42:42,163 --> 00:42:44,632
it's mostly yellow, just a
little bit of red, whereas,
787
00:42:44,633 --> 00:42:46,267
if you look during
your meditation,
788
00:42:46,268 --> 00:42:49,236
the whole frontal lobe
just kind of has blossomed.
789
00:42:49,237 --> 00:42:51,005
So, if you are
concentrating on something,
790
00:42:51,006 --> 00:42:53,741
if you're saying a prayer,
or if you're focusing on god,
791
00:42:53,742 --> 00:42:55,442
if you're trying to
connect with god,
792
00:42:55,443 --> 00:42:59,213
then you tend to increase the
activity in the frontal lobes.
793
00:42:59,214 --> 00:43:01,582
Morgan Freeman:
How do I compare with say,
794
00:43:01,583 --> 00:43:05,387
a nun praying, or,
let's say, a Buddhist monk
795
00:43:06,054 --> 00:43:09,223
who is meditating,
do I compare at all?
796
00:43:09,224 --> 00:43:12,092
Dr. Andy newberg: As with the
nuns who were concentrating on
797
00:43:12,093 --> 00:43:15,863
a prayer, the Buddhists who
were focusing on an image,
798
00:43:15,864 --> 00:43:18,432
they all activated
their frontal lobes.
799
00:43:18,433 --> 00:43:20,334
And that's exactly
what you did too.
800
00:43:20,335 --> 00:43:22,002
Morgan Freeman: And if
i was contemplating the
801
00:43:22,003 --> 00:43:24,171
image of god, could
you tell the difference?
802
00:43:24,172 --> 00:43:26,173
Dr. Andy newberg: We
actually scanned an atheist,
803
00:43:26,174 --> 00:43:28,375
who was a very good
meditator, and we asked him
804
00:43:28,376 --> 00:43:32,046
to concentrate on god,
to meditate on god and he
805
00:43:32,047 --> 00:43:34,415
wasn't able to activate
his frontal lobes very much.
806
00:43:34,416 --> 00:43:36,050
So, in fact, if anything,
as you can see...
807
00:43:36,051 --> 00:43:37,518
Morgan Freeman:
It went down a bit.
808
00:43:37,519 --> 00:43:39,353
Dr. Andy newberg: It's sort of
decreased a little bit.
809
00:43:39,354 --> 00:43:40,721
Yeah, so, even
though they said,
810
00:43:40,722 --> 00:43:42,356
"yeah, I'm concentrating;
811
00:43:42,357 --> 00:43:43,824
I'm trying to
contemplate god,"
812
00:43:43,825 --> 00:43:45,492
they just were not able
to do a very good job
813
00:43:45,493 --> 00:43:46,961
of doing it,
814
00:43:46,962 --> 00:43:48,596
'cause they didn't
really believe it.
815
00:43:48,597 --> 00:43:50,998
So, I think, part of
what that told me is that
816
00:43:50,999 --> 00:43:53,334
regardless of
what our practice is,
817
00:43:53,335 --> 00:43:55,469
the key is,
"do you believe it?
818
00:43:55,470 --> 00:43:56,737
Do you buy into it?
819
00:43:56,738 --> 00:43:58,505
Is it important to you?"
820
00:43:58,506 --> 00:44:00,574
Morgan Freeman: It's amazing
that somebody came up with the
821
00:44:00,575 --> 00:44:02,543
idea that you could shoot
somebody full of radioactive
822
00:44:02,544 --> 00:44:04,511
drugs and look at their brain.
823
00:44:04,512 --> 00:44:06,413
Dr. Andy newberg: The brain
is just so unbelievably
824
00:44:06,414 --> 00:44:08,716
complex that it's not
that there's one god spot,
825
00:44:08,717 --> 00:44:10,084
or one god
part of the brain,
826
00:44:10,085 --> 00:44:12,519
but it seems to be the
whole brain that gets involved.
827
00:44:12,520 --> 00:44:15,356
And, ultimately, these
change the way you think and
828
00:44:15,357 --> 00:44:19,160
feel about the world.
829
00:44:19,895 --> 00:44:21,896
Morgan Freeman:
So, apparently,
830
00:44:21,897 --> 00:44:26,166
it is possible to see
physical manifestations of
831
00:44:26,167 --> 00:44:29,003
god inside us.
832
00:44:29,004 --> 00:44:30,971
Whether you're
Christian, Buddhist,
833
00:44:30,972 --> 00:44:33,774
or any kind of
spiritual person,
834
00:44:33,775 --> 00:44:38,079
experiencing the divine
actually changes the brain,
835
00:44:38,346 --> 00:44:41,749
changes the way
we see the world.
836
00:44:41,750 --> 00:44:45,220
That's really something.
837
00:44:46,187 --> 00:44:49,256
The evidence that
experiencing god changes us
838
00:44:49,257 --> 00:44:53,862
on the inside will come
as no surprise to believers,
839
00:44:57,065 --> 00:45:00,969
including the people at
lakewood church in Houston.
840
00:45:04,673 --> 00:45:08,409
I've come to see how
10,000 christians can all
841
00:45:08,410 --> 00:45:12,581
have a meaningful, personal
experience with their god.
842
00:45:14,749 --> 00:45:20,255
 [Clapping and singing].
843
00:45:20,522 --> 00:45:22,756
The pastors of
this mega-church,
844
00:45:22,757 --> 00:45:26,293
Joel and Victoria osteen,
have agreed to meet with me
845
00:45:26,294 --> 00:45:28,662
before the service begins,
846
00:45:28,663 --> 00:45:31,332
and let me in
on their philosophy.
847
00:45:31,333 --> 00:45:33,133
 [Clapping and singing].
848
00:45:33,134 --> 00:45:34,835
Joel osteen: I wanna
leave them something that
849
00:45:34,836 --> 00:45:36,337
they can use this afternoon.
850
00:45:36,338 --> 00:45:39,340
So, I don't do a lotta
doctrine and, you know,
851
00:45:39,341 --> 00:45:40,841
I go practical.
852
00:45:40,842 --> 00:45:42,810
Today, I'm talking about,
you know, using what
853
00:45:42,811 --> 00:45:44,011
god's given you.
854
00:45:44,012 --> 00:45:45,379
And so, when you leave,
you'll say,
855
00:45:45,380 --> 00:45:47,214
"you know what, it was worth
me going to church today."
856
00:45:47,215 --> 00:45:48,515
Let me ask you,
can we pray?
857
00:45:48,516 --> 00:45:49,717
We got about one minute,
and we're gonna pop out there.
858
00:45:49,718 --> 00:45:50,851
So, I'm just gonna pray,
okay, yeah, look,
859
00:45:50,852 --> 00:45:52,386
will you pray with us, Morgan?
860
00:45:52,387 --> 00:45:53,787
Thank you for this day.
861
00:45:53,788 --> 00:45:55,256
And lord, all the people
that have come out and
862
00:45:55,257 --> 00:45:56,690
many who are gonna
watch on television and
863
00:45:56,691 --> 00:45:58,359
listen on the radio,
and we just ask you that you
864
00:45:58,360 --> 00:45:59,860
give us the words to speak.
865
00:45:59,861 --> 00:46:02,296
That every person
would feel your presence,
866
00:46:02,297 --> 00:46:04,798
your power, that they'd
feel encouragement and hope,
867
00:46:04,799 --> 00:46:06,233
and inspiration.
868
00:46:06,234 --> 00:46:08,068
That you'd know that
you have them in the palm
869
00:46:08,069 --> 00:46:09,370
of your hand.
870
00:46:09,371 --> 00:46:11,705
I just ask you,
father for a great service
871
00:46:11,706 --> 00:46:13,173
in Jesus' name...
872
00:46:13,174 --> 00:46:14,608
Both: Amen.
873
00:46:14,609 --> 00:46:15,843
Morgan Freeman: Amen.
874
00:46:15,844 --> 00:46:17,211
Joel osteen: Thank you,
very honored to have you.
875
00:46:17,212 --> 00:46:18,345
Morgan Freeman: Thank you,
I'm very honored to be here.
876
00:46:18,346 --> 00:46:19,613
Joel osteen:
We'll catch you afterwards.
877
00:46:19,614 --> 00:46:20,681
Victoria osteen:
You gotta watch it.
878
00:46:20,682 --> 00:46:22,583
You'll be dancing
before you know it.
879
00:46:22,584 --> 00:46:25,620
Morgan Freeman: It doesn't
much to get me started.
880
00:46:30,125 --> 00:46:34,763
 
881
00:46:39,801 --> 00:46:43,805
 [Clapping].
882
00:46:52,847 --> 00:46:55,783
 [Cheers and applause].
883
00:46:55,784 --> 00:46:57,551
Victoria osteen: Yes, it
is good to be in the house of
884
00:46:57,552 --> 00:47:00,354
the lord and I am excited
to be here today, with you!
885
00:47:00,355 --> 00:47:02,156
 [Cheers and applause].
886
00:47:02,157 --> 00:47:05,793
See, we were designed to
function at our best when we
887
00:47:05,794 --> 00:47:08,295
are connected to god.
888
00:47:08,296 --> 00:47:11,365
You've got power on the
inside, you can rely on.
889
00:47:11,366 --> 00:47:13,867
 [Cheers and applause].
890
00:47:13,868 --> 00:47:16,637
Joel osteen: Don't live life
in neutral, not passionate,
891
00:47:16,638 --> 00:47:21,276
not intentional, not focused,
stir up what god's given you.
892
00:47:21,910 --> 00:47:24,378
Dare to take those
steps of faith.
893
00:47:24,379 --> 00:47:25,946
 [Cheers and applause].
894
00:47:25,947 --> 00:47:27,414
Morgan Freeman: I'm gonna
ask a flat out question,
895
00:47:27,415 --> 00:47:28,782
who is god?
896
00:47:28,783 --> 00:47:31,151
Joel osteen: I believe god
is our father, the creator,
897
00:47:31,152 --> 00:47:33,621
somebody that gives us
purpose and destiny.
898
00:47:33,622 --> 00:47:35,389
Well, sometimes it's
hard for people to say,
899
00:47:35,390 --> 00:47:37,691
"how can I believe in
something I can't see?"
900
00:47:37,692 --> 00:47:39,960
But it's what you choose
to believe through faith.
901
00:47:39,961 --> 00:47:43,797
Morgan Freeman: It's what you
choose to believe through faith.
902
00:47:43,798 --> 00:47:45,833
Joel osteen:
When Jesus came, he said,
903
00:47:45,834 --> 00:47:47,401
"look, I want
you to come to me."
904
00:47:47,402 --> 00:47:49,236
So I tell people,
905
00:47:49,237 --> 00:47:50,838
"you can talk to god
all through the day,
906
00:47:50,839 --> 00:47:52,373
like you talk to your friend.
907
00:47:52,374 --> 00:47:53,874
In your thoughts,
you can say,
908
00:47:53,875 --> 00:47:56,143
"god, you know,
thank you for this day."
909
00:47:56,144 --> 00:47:59,013
I think, that god can be
as involved in your life
910
00:47:59,014 --> 00:48:00,381
as much as
you want him to be.
911
00:48:00,382 --> 00:48:02,349
So that's what we
try to teach people,
912
00:48:02,350 --> 00:48:05,219
to get god out of your
Sunday morning box.
913
00:48:05,220 --> 00:48:07,021
Morgan Freeman: God has
been a lot of things to
914
00:48:07,022 --> 00:48:09,890
a lot of people and now,
915
00:48:09,891 --> 00:48:14,696
here, you're
making god personal.
916
00:48:14,996 --> 00:48:16,564
Joel osteen: Yes.
917
00:48:16,565 --> 00:48:17,665
Morgan Freeman:
Approachable...
918
00:48:17,666 --> 00:48:20,267
And, helpful.
919
00:48:20,268 --> 00:48:22,803
Joel osteen:
Yes, that's right.
920
00:48:22,804 --> 00:48:26,473
Victoria osteen: The life
of god lives and dwells in us.
921
00:48:26,474 --> 00:48:28,609
And it's a spiritual life.
922
00:48:28,610 --> 00:48:32,913
It's your spiritual
power on the inside of you.
923
00:48:32,914 --> 00:48:36,651
And that is what
we need to tap into.
924
00:48:43,992 --> 00:48:46,093
Morgan Freeman:
That was quite a show.
925
00:48:46,094 --> 00:48:50,698
Maybe 10,000 people
worshiping, celebrating,
926
00:48:50,699 --> 00:48:54,435
each of them having his own
personal experience with god.
927
00:48:54,436 --> 00:48:59,740
This is clearly a
faith in the god in you.
928
00:48:59,741 --> 00:49:05,380
Your inspiration, your power.
929
00:49:07,082 --> 00:49:10,986
God is so many things
to so many people.
930
00:49:13,021 --> 00:49:17,125
The warm light of the sun.
931
00:49:18,226 --> 00:49:21,763
The sound of sweet music.
932
00:49:22,330 --> 00:49:26,033
An inner voice that
drives us forward.
933
00:49:26,034 --> 00:49:29,137
A friend.
934
00:49:29,437 --> 00:49:32,773
If you ask me who
god is, I would say,
935
00:49:32,774 --> 00:49:35,476
there's a bit of the
divine in all of us.
936
00:49:35,477 --> 00:49:39,146
There's god in you,
there's god in me.
937
00:49:39,147 --> 00:49:44,719
The god in me is who i
really am, at my core.
938
00:49:46,888 --> 00:49:50,992
The god in me is the
best version of me.
939
00:49:52,861 --> 00:49:58,098
The god in me is
who I strive to be.
940
00:49:58,099 --> 00:50:01,970
Who I was meant to be.