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DAVID ATTENBOROUGH:
This is the newest habitat on Earth.
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It's here that animals have to contend
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with the greatest change that is
happening to the face of our planet.
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In this decade, the urban environment
is predicted to grow by nearly 30%.
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It may appear hostile to animal life,
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but for the bold, this is a world
of surprising opportunity.
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Jodhpur, India.
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(LANGUR CALLS)
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A gang of bachelor male langurs
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has come to challenge
the resident alpha male.
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(GROWLS)
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(CALLS)
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This alpha rules over
a valuable urban territory.
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(DOGS BARKING IN DISTANCE)
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But maintaining dominance here
is a constant struggle.
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The bachelors have united
to try and overthrow him.
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(LANGURS GRUNTING)
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If they win, one of the challengers
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will take over
the alpha's troop of females,
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and may kill his infants.
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There are 15 males
in this bachelor group.
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The alpha must evict every single
one of them from his territory.
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He has chased half the bachelors away,
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but a splinter group has looped back
and is harassing his females.
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(LANGURS SNARLING)
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(HOOTS)
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Once again, he has to battle.
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(LANGURS BARKING)
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(BARKS)
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Finally, he manages to expel them all.
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He returns home victorious,
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but with a serious wound
on his right leg.
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It's a hard life for him in the city.
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Keeping the intruders away
is a daily challenge.
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But it's worth it.
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For these urban territories
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are probably the best
langur territories in the world.
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They're filled with
rich feeding grounds.
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(BIRDS CAWING)
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Here in the temple gardens,
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the langurs have, over centuries,
developed a surprising relationship.
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One that guarantee's them
a constantly replenished source of food.
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(BIRDS CALLING)
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The people here associate langurs
with the Hindu God, Lord Hanuman,
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and revere them.
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They're given all the food they can eat.
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And this high-energy diet
has led to a baby boom.
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Female langurs in this city
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give birth to twice as many young
as their forest counterparts.
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This mother is so well fed
that her rich milk
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can support something
rarely seen in the wild.
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Twins.
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And all these babies can create troops
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that are far larger than those
found in the forests nearby.
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With less time spent looking for food,
there is more time for play.
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(LANGURS SQUEALING)
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The rewards of living in a city
can be huge.
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The challenge is to find your niche.
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(SIRENS WAILING)
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New York City.
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(HORNS HONKING)
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This densely built-up landscape
is as unnatural as anywhere on Earth.
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(BRAKES SCREECHING)
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(BIRDS CALLING)
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And yet, this wild peregrine falcon
looks out onto an ideal habitat.
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Strange as it may seem,
this vastly-altered landscape
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replicates the conditions
in which peregrines evolved.
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The towering buildings
have a multitude of ledges
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on which falcons can nest,
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and the high perches that they need
to catch the wind.
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(FALCONS SCREECHING)
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New York City has the highest density
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of nesting peregrines
anywhere on the planet.
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Winds striking the sides
of the skyscrapers
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are deflected upwards
and can help the birds gain height.
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And the great areas of concrete
roasting in the sun create thermals,
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so that, with very little effort,
the birds can soar over the city.
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And so many peregrines can live here,
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because down at street level,
there is a lot of potential prey.
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(PIGEONS CHIRPING)
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Diving from height,
the falcons can reach speeds
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of over 200 miles an hour.
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But their prey stay down low
and close to the buildings.
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Too risky.
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The peregrine pulls out of his stoop.
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But the effort is not wasted.
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The falcons need to
flush their prey into the open.
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And Manhattan is surrounded by water.
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Out here the odds change.
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And in the peregrine's favour.
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(CHURCH BELL TOLLING)
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With abundant prey here all year round,
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it has taken only 40 years
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for these falcons
to establish themselves here.
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And now, among skyscrapers,
they're more successful
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than their cousins
living in the wilderness.
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Mumbai, in India,
is home to over 20 million people.
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And there are predators here
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that, though rarely seen,
are rightly feared.
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Carnivores,
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lured by the prospect
of plentiful unsuspecting prey
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are on the prowl.
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(DOG BARKING)
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- (SNARLING)
- A leopard.
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Every night, under the cover of darkness
they come out to hunt.
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(MUSIC PLAYING OVER SPEAKERS)
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These are big animals,
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and they're looking for large prey
to satisfy their hunger.
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To catch more than a glimpse of them
and reveal their hunting behaviour,
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you need night-vision cameras.
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- (INDISTINCT CHATTER)
- (HORNS HONKING IN THE DISTANCE)
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Leopards have attacked
almost 200 people here
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in the last 25 years.
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But humans are not their usual prey.
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These leopards are on the hunt
for something else.
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(INDISTINCT CHATTERING)
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(SNORTING)
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Pigs.
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These leopards prefer to hunt
the domestic animals
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that people have brought to the city
in considerable numbers.
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(SNORTING)
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The pigs keep their family close.
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(PIG SQUEALING)
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(PIGLET SQUEALING)
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The ceaseless noise of the city
plays to their advantage.
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It conceals their approach.
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And the leopards are using this cover
to hunt all over the city.
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(PIGS SQUEALING)
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This is a thriving population.
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In fact, the highest concentration
of leopards in the world
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is right here.
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(CHURCH BELLS TOLLING)
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It's not only the abundance of food
that attracts wild animals to cities.
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They're usually several degrees warmer
than the surrounding countryside.
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And here in Rome, in December,
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one animal is taking full advantage
of this extra heat.
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And it's leaving it's mark.
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In a single winter's day,
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ten tonnes of its droppings
rain down on the city.
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(HORNS HONKING)
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(SQUEALING)
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Starlings.
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In the evening, they come back
to the warmth of the city
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after feeding in
the neighbouring countryside.
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They must return
to their roosting trees.
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But the first to do so
are at the highest risk
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of being caught by birds of prey.
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So, they wait for others to arrive.
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There's safety in numbers.
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As daylight fades, the sky fills
with a staggering one million starlings.
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And then follows
one of nature's great spectaculars.
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(WHOOSHING)
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How, or indeed why, they perform
these marvellous aerobatics,
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we still do not fully understand.
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Eventually, en masse,
they brave the descent
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and fill the branches
of their favourite trees.
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On these cold winter nights,
the city's extra warmth
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can mean the difference
between life and death.
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(CHIRPING)
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A city, of course, can provide
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not only shelter and abundant food,
but glamour.
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These varied objects
have been carefully chosen
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by a bird for their brightness
and their colour.
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(TWIG SNAPS)
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This great bowerbird
has spent over a decade
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building this collection of
mostly man-made objects.
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Out on a golf course
in Townsville, Australia,
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he's putting the final touches
to his enormous bower,
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that he hopes will impress
a visiting female.
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He spends two hours each day
rearranging his prized objects.
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"Perhaps that would look
a little better over there."
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But it seems that something is missing.
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Instead of going into town
to collect new objects,
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he's decided to raid
his neighbour's bower.
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"A clothes peg! Excellent!"
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"And a shiny toy car."
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It's a risky game if you get caught.
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The owner is back.
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(SCREECHING)
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There is one bower
where the risk is worth it.
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A particular object has caught his eye.
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He'll have to wait
for the owner to leave.
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This is his chance.
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A real treasure.
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A scarlet heart.
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"Got it."
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The stage is now set
for female visitors.
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His luck may be in.
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The seduction can now begin.
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(SCREECHES)
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He's showing off his best goods.
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"Perhaps a little plastic piping?
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00:21:10,524 --> 00:21:12,604
"Or maybe a bit of coloured string?"
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00:21:17,684 --> 00:21:20,044
But his guest doesn't seem to be
paying much attention.
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"A fork?
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00:21:31,204 --> 00:21:32,324
"Madame?"
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00:21:34,764 --> 00:21:36,644
Nothing seems to be working.
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00:21:40,404 --> 00:21:42,884
Something is just not quite right here.
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00:21:49,244 --> 00:21:52,004
But he still has one trick
up his sleeve.
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(SCREECHES)
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00:21:53,444 --> 00:21:55,044
The scarlet heart.
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00:21:58,204 --> 00:22:00,444
(SCREECHING)
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00:22:13,564 --> 00:22:15,524
(CONTINUES SCREECHING)
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00:22:19,644 --> 00:22:23,164
As a final thrill,
he expands the pink crest
205
00:22:23,244 --> 00:22:25,164
on the back of his head.
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00:22:25,244 --> 00:22:27,684
The sign of his adulthood.
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00:22:28,724 --> 00:22:30,324
But he's made a mistake.
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00:22:32,724 --> 00:22:34,244
This is not a female
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00:22:34,324 --> 00:22:37,564
but a young male who hasn't yet
developed that head crest.
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00:22:38,644 --> 00:22:41,204
And he's making off
with the scarlet heart.
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00:22:41,284 --> 00:22:42,884
(HISSING AND SCREECHING)
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00:22:43,844 --> 00:22:47,164
It's not easy finding sex in the city.
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00:22:51,484 --> 00:22:55,324
Raising a family in the city
is not easy either.
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00:22:57,324 --> 00:22:59,444
It's spring time in Toronto,
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00:22:59,524 --> 00:23:05,084
and this mother raccoon has exchanged
her native treetops for rooftops.
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00:23:07,404 --> 00:23:09,524
(DOG BARKING)
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00:23:15,324 --> 00:23:17,324
Since giving birth two months ago,
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00:23:17,404 --> 00:23:21,524
she's kept her offspring
safe and warm inside a chimney.
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(CHITTERING)
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00:23:26,324 --> 00:23:28,924
Now, her young
have outgrown their nursery.
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00:23:30,004 --> 00:23:33,084
This is her first major
challenge as a mother.
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00:23:35,804 --> 00:23:39,044
The time has come to move to a new home.
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00:23:40,444 --> 00:23:43,524
She needs to get her youngster
to ground level.
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00:23:45,884 --> 00:23:48,924
But instead of an easy climb
down a tree,
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she is faced with a vertical drop,
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00:23:52,044 --> 00:23:53,764
with little to cling onto.
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00:23:56,284 --> 00:23:57,764
(SQUEALING)
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Her baby's first glimpse
of the urban world,
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from a terrifying 30 feet up.
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This is the last of her litter
to be brought down.
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00:24:42,444 --> 00:24:44,004
Its siblings are already
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00:24:44,084 --> 00:24:46,164
- busy exploring the area.
- (CHITTERING)
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And they have much to learn.
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(WHIMPERING)
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00:24:52,844 --> 00:24:56,244
This one has fallen into a back alley
and is trapped.
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00:24:57,444 --> 00:24:58,524
(CHITTERING)
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00:24:58,604 --> 00:25:02,484
Mother comes to the rescue
and demonstrates what must be done.
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00:25:10,604 --> 00:25:12,604
(BABY RACCOON WHIMPERING)
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00:25:19,924 --> 00:25:21,444
(CHITTERING)
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(BABY RACCOON YELPS)
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That's the way.
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00:25:32,364 --> 00:25:34,844
Raccoons are opportunists.
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And they're eager to explore.
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00:25:44,324 --> 00:25:46,364
But they'll have to learn very quickly
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how to get along in this
strange new environment
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so full of hazards.
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00:25:54,884 --> 00:25:56,204
(DOG BARKING)
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00:25:56,284 --> 00:25:57,444
(WATER SPLASHING)
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00:25:58,964 --> 00:26:01,884
Mother comes to the rescue once more.
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00:26:04,524 --> 00:26:07,644
Urban raccoons are now
demonstrably better
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00:26:07,724 --> 00:26:10,244
at problem-solving
than their country cousins.
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00:26:17,604 --> 00:26:19,964
When the feeding opportunities
are this good,
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00:26:20,044 --> 00:26:22,564
the time spent working out
how to get to it
254
00:26:22,644 --> 00:26:24,564
is well worth it.
255
00:26:34,964 --> 00:26:37,204
The complexity of urban life
256
00:26:38,484 --> 00:26:40,124
favours the clever.
257
00:26:41,964 --> 00:26:43,564
(HORNS BLARING)
258
00:26:43,644 --> 00:26:46,364
(INDISTINCT SHOUTING AND CHATTER)
259
00:26:48,724 --> 00:26:52,004
But to compete with humanity
during daylight hours,
260
00:26:52,084 --> 00:26:53,604
takes more than just intelligence.
261
00:26:59,324 --> 00:27:00,804
It takes nerve.
262
00:27:03,164 --> 00:27:05,724
One enterprising species of monkey
263
00:27:05,804 --> 00:27:09,204
has moved into the city
of Jaipur in India.
264
00:27:12,724 --> 00:27:14,004
The Rhesus macaque.
265
00:27:18,804 --> 00:27:22,564
But how to get a share
of all this juicy fruit?
266
00:27:31,124 --> 00:27:34,244
Every morning,
the troop make the same journey
267
00:27:34,324 --> 00:27:37,924
through the urban jungle,
just as human commuters do.
268
00:27:38,004 --> 00:27:40,324
(HORNS HONKING)
269
00:28:00,924 --> 00:28:04,644
Sometimes, inevitably,
there are traffic jams.
270
00:28:28,724 --> 00:28:31,884
Once they get to the market,
trouble begins.
271
00:28:32,644 --> 00:28:34,764
(INDISTINCT SHOUTING AND CHATTER)
272
00:28:53,644 --> 00:28:55,804
Being both intelligent and brazen
273
00:28:55,884 --> 00:28:59,764
is the key to beating
human beings on their home turf.
274
00:29:21,044 --> 00:29:23,004
(MAN SHOUTING REPELLENTLY)
275
00:29:37,324 --> 00:29:39,244
It's daylight robbery.
276
00:29:46,364 --> 00:29:48,044
(CRICKETS CHIRPING)
277
00:29:49,844 --> 00:29:53,284
There are some animals
that most would consider too dangerous
278
00:29:53,364 --> 00:29:55,244
to tolerate in the city.
279
00:30:00,004 --> 00:30:01,364
Spotted hyenas.
280
00:30:01,444 --> 00:30:03,284
(HYENA WHOOPING)
281
00:30:04,844 --> 00:30:06,924
They're feared throughout their range.
282
00:30:07,004 --> 00:30:08,644
(SNARLS)
283
00:30:10,164 --> 00:30:12,364
(HYENAS BARKING AND WHOOPING)
284
00:30:14,764 --> 00:30:17,684
In the outskirts of Hara in Ethiopia,
285
00:30:17,764 --> 00:30:22,804
two clans are coming face to face
to battle over a prized resource.
286
00:30:22,884 --> 00:30:24,884
(WHOOPING AND YELPING)
287
00:30:28,044 --> 00:30:31,324
There are about 60 hyenas in each clan.
288
00:30:32,244 --> 00:30:33,364
And they're well matched.
289
00:30:58,964 --> 00:31:01,884
After three hours of
posturing back and forth,
290
00:31:01,964 --> 00:31:03,564
the losers retreat
291
00:31:03,804 --> 00:31:06,524
and the victors head
to claim their prize.
292
00:31:13,244 --> 00:31:16,964
They have been fighting
over access to the city.
293
00:31:30,564 --> 00:31:34,724
Once inside the city walls,
they head for one place.
294
00:31:38,724 --> 00:31:40,524
(CHITTERING)
295
00:31:43,924 --> 00:31:46,524
And they know exactly how to get there.
296
00:31:56,724 --> 00:31:58,044
(WHINING)
297
00:32:13,164 --> 00:32:14,684
(GROWLS)
298
00:32:18,964 --> 00:32:21,084
The ancient meat market.
299
00:32:24,564 --> 00:32:28,604
The scent of all these carcasses
lies heavy in the air.
300
00:32:29,844 --> 00:32:31,324
(SNARLING)
301
00:32:51,324 --> 00:32:54,964
This tradition goes back over 400 years.
302
00:32:55,724 --> 00:32:58,964
The human butchers put out
the bones they don't need
303
00:32:59,044 --> 00:33:01,764
and these hyenas deal with them.
304
00:33:04,484 --> 00:33:06,244
They're the only animals that can.
305
00:33:07,004 --> 00:33:11,084
No other here has such
powerful bone-crushing jaws.
306
00:33:11,644 --> 00:33:13,884
(YELPING AND BARKING)
307
00:33:14,564 --> 00:33:17,444
And this relationship
between man and beast
308
00:33:17,524 --> 00:33:19,724
has now been taken a step further.
309
00:33:19,804 --> 00:33:21,244
(MAN HOOTING)
310
00:33:23,364 --> 00:33:27,724
Yousuf is calling the hyenas
to his house.
311
00:33:35,884 --> 00:33:39,564
He and his forefathers,
going back five generations,
312
00:33:39,644 --> 00:33:41,684
have been feeding the hyenas
313
00:33:42,924 --> 00:33:44,164
by hand.
314
00:33:46,324 --> 00:33:49,564
The inhabitants of this town
believe that hyenas
315
00:33:49,644 --> 00:33:52,764
provide another very important service.
316
00:33:53,844 --> 00:33:57,684
Eating the bad spirits
that haunt the streets.
317
00:34:04,244 --> 00:34:07,444
These are wild and ferocious animals,
318
00:34:07,524 --> 00:34:09,924
but once within these city walls,
319
00:34:10,004 --> 00:34:12,964
they behave in a completely
different way.
320
00:34:14,964 --> 00:34:18,524
Throughout the rest of Africa,
spotted hyenas are feared
321
00:34:18,604 --> 00:34:21,724
because they kill livestock,
sometimes even children.
322
00:34:21,804 --> 00:34:23,924
(CONTINUES HOOTING)
323
00:34:24,004 --> 00:34:27,844
They are perhaps the most
vilified animal on our planet.
324
00:34:32,364 --> 00:34:34,324
However, here in Harar,
325
00:34:34,404 --> 00:34:37,764
their relationship with people
is entirely peaceful.
326
00:34:39,564 --> 00:34:40,804
(CONTINUES HOOTING)
327
00:34:40,884 --> 00:34:43,204
They have won the trust of man.
328
00:34:52,844 --> 00:34:54,844
Losing its fear of humans
329
00:34:54,924 --> 00:34:58,684
has enabled one animal
to spread into cities everywhere,
330
00:34:58,764 --> 00:35:00,604
and in huge numbers.
331
00:35:00,684 --> 00:35:02,404
(PIGEONS CHIRPING)
332
00:35:08,084 --> 00:35:12,684
Pigeons are by far
the most successful urban bird.
333
00:35:14,524 --> 00:35:16,084
(CHURCH BELL TOLLING)
334
00:35:18,924 --> 00:35:21,324
Here, in Albi, in the south of France,
335
00:35:21,404 --> 00:35:23,604
the pigeons come to the river to bathe.
336
00:35:24,724 --> 00:35:27,404
They need to preen
their flight feathers,
337
00:35:27,484 --> 00:35:29,564
clean off the city dust,
338
00:35:30,204 --> 00:35:32,004
and cool themselves down.
339
00:35:52,804 --> 00:35:54,804
But death lies in wait.
340
00:35:57,244 --> 00:35:59,204
A predator that has taken advantage
341
00:35:59,284 --> 00:36:02,164
of the very thing that has led
to the pigeon's success...
342
00:36:04,724 --> 00:36:05,924
Their lack of fear.
343
00:36:09,444 --> 00:36:13,404
As the pigeons bathe,
oil from their plumage flows downstream,
344
00:36:13,924 --> 00:36:15,564
and is detected.
345
00:36:26,204 --> 00:36:29,204
A monstrous Wels catfish.
346
00:36:31,964 --> 00:36:36,964
Introduced here just 40 years ago,
they have proliferated.
347
00:36:38,684 --> 00:36:41,084
Virtually exterminated
the local fish stocks...
348
00:36:43,604 --> 00:36:47,164
And they've now developed a taste
for pigeon.
349
00:36:49,644 --> 00:36:51,364
Their eyesight is poor,
350
00:36:51,444 --> 00:36:55,444
so they use their barbels to sense
the movements of their victims.
351
00:37:51,124 --> 00:37:54,004
This is a radical new hunting strategy
352
00:37:54,084 --> 00:37:56,964
for what is normally
a bottom-dwelling fish.
353
00:38:12,044 --> 00:38:14,884
After a thousand years
of living in this city,
354
00:38:15,844 --> 00:38:19,844
pigeons are now having to learn
to avoid a fish.
355
00:38:24,204 --> 00:38:25,844
(CHURCH BELL TOLLING)
356
00:38:25,924 --> 00:38:28,484
Our cities are always changing.
357
00:38:28,564 --> 00:38:30,244
Sometimes very swiftly.
358
00:38:32,924 --> 00:38:35,604
And animals must cope with the changes,
359
00:38:36,204 --> 00:38:37,644
or disappear.
360
00:38:39,604 --> 00:38:42,604
One of the greatest changes
in recent times
361
00:38:42,684 --> 00:38:47,564
has come from a single invention
made less than 140 years ago.
362
00:38:52,444 --> 00:38:53,924
Electric light.
363
00:38:56,124 --> 00:38:58,644
It has become more and more powerful,
364
00:39:01,004 --> 00:39:03,044
filling our streets with light.
365
00:39:14,724 --> 00:39:16,604
It's everywhere in the city.
366
00:39:18,684 --> 00:39:20,284
It even goes under ground.
367
00:39:36,244 --> 00:39:37,764
(HORNS BLARING)
368
00:39:39,684 --> 00:39:44,604
The difference between day and night
is becoming less and less perceptible.
369
00:39:54,204 --> 00:39:58,724
And that has a profound effect
on the activities of wildlife.
370
00:40:03,804 --> 00:40:08,284
In the wilderness,
light triggers all kinds of behaviour.
371
00:40:14,244 --> 00:40:15,964
On the night of the full moon,
372
00:40:16,044 --> 00:40:18,964
hundreds of tiny
hawksbill turtle hatchlings
373
00:40:19,044 --> 00:40:22,924
emerge from the safety of their nest
deep in the sand.
374
00:40:25,364 --> 00:40:29,244
Their instinct is to reach the sea
as quickly as possible.
375
00:40:31,364 --> 00:40:36,164
And their guide is the light
of the full moon reflected on the water.
376
00:40:43,244 --> 00:40:47,124
But this young hatchling is confused.
377
00:40:55,404 --> 00:40:58,124
It's going in the wrong direction.
378
00:41:03,164 --> 00:41:05,684
Bright light is coming from the land.
379
00:41:08,724 --> 00:41:13,364
And all these hatchlings
are travelling up the beach towards it.
380
00:41:13,444 --> 00:41:15,884
(INDISTINCT SHOUTING)
381
00:41:19,244 --> 00:41:22,204
Predators are ready to take advantage.
382
00:41:24,084 --> 00:41:28,084
Crabs now make their burrows
directly beneath the beach lights
383
00:41:28,764 --> 00:41:31,684
and wait for their prey to come to them.
384
00:41:53,404 --> 00:41:55,884
Even if a hatchling escapes,
385
00:41:56,524 --> 00:41:57,924
they're still in peril.
386
00:41:58,884 --> 00:42:00,684
(VEHICLES PASSING)
387
00:42:06,684 --> 00:42:09,764
The lights become
more and more bewildering.
388
00:42:33,844 --> 00:42:36,964
80% of all hatchlings on this beach
389
00:42:37,044 --> 00:42:41,004
are now disorientated
by the lights of the town.
390
00:43:01,084 --> 00:43:03,844
Roads bring many to their end.
391
00:43:18,804 --> 00:43:22,604
Hundreds get trapped
in storm drains every night.
392
00:43:36,964 --> 00:43:40,644
Exhausted by the effort of travelling
such a distance on land,
393
00:43:43,124 --> 00:43:47,244
this hatchling's chances
of surviving the night are slim.
394
00:43:59,924 --> 00:44:03,044
This turtle is one of
the countless species
395
00:44:03,124 --> 00:44:05,844
that have been unable
to adapt to the change
396
00:44:05,924 --> 00:44:08,924
brought about by the urban environment.
397
00:44:20,484 --> 00:44:22,604
Only a small number of animals
398
00:44:22,684 --> 00:44:25,884
have managed to find ways
of living alongside us.
399
00:44:28,204 --> 00:44:32,204
And every 10 years,
an area the size of Britain
400
00:44:32,284 --> 00:44:35,404
disappears under a jungle of concrete.
401
00:44:44,764 --> 00:44:47,604
But it doesn't have to be like this.
402
00:44:50,644 --> 00:44:55,284
Could it not be possible to build cities
more in harmony with nature?
403
00:45:02,724 --> 00:45:08,804
How, and whether we decide to invite
the wildlife back, is up to us.
404
00:45:12,724 --> 00:45:15,884
This tree is rising nearly 30 storeys.
405
00:45:15,964 --> 00:45:21,884
It's one of almost 800 being planted
to create a vertical forest in Milan.
406
00:45:27,884 --> 00:45:32,164
This number of living trees would
normally fill two hectares of woodland,
407
00:45:32,244 --> 00:45:36,044
but here, they occupy
one-tenth of that area.
408
00:45:37,564 --> 00:45:40,524
Greening the walls
and roofs of our buildings
409
00:45:40,604 --> 00:45:43,164
could create
a rich and extensive habitat,
410
00:45:43,244 --> 00:45:45,164
if we wanted it to do so.
411
00:45:48,324 --> 00:45:53,084
There is one city where that idea
is being applied on a major scale.
412
00:45:53,844 --> 00:45:54,964
Singapore.
413
00:45:56,924 --> 00:46:01,724
Two million trees have been planted here
in the last 45 years.
414
00:46:01,804 --> 00:46:03,284
(BIRDS CHIRPING)
415
00:46:03,364 --> 00:46:07,924
This city is now richer in species
than any other in the world.
416
00:46:15,124 --> 00:46:18,764
And this practise extends
to all parts of the city.
417
00:46:20,244 --> 00:46:22,004
The waterways have been cleaned up,
418
00:46:22,084 --> 00:46:24,684
and smooth-coated otters
are coming back.
419
00:46:31,084 --> 00:46:35,404
But perhaps, the most spectacular
example of city greening
420
00:46:35,484 --> 00:46:38,804
is this grove of super trees.
421
00:46:41,844 --> 00:46:47,844
These 150 feet high metal structures
are now full of life.
422
00:46:49,644 --> 00:46:53,524
Creepers have been planted
to grow over the outermost branches.
423
00:46:56,764 --> 00:47:02,164
This is a new urban world
that we have now designed and built
424
00:47:02,804 --> 00:47:04,404
with others in mind.
425
00:47:07,324 --> 00:47:10,684
Create the space,
and the animals will come.
426
00:47:19,564 --> 00:47:22,804
Is this a vision
of our cities of the future?
427
00:47:31,764 --> 00:47:34,844
It could be possible
to see wildlife thriving
428
00:47:34,924 --> 00:47:37,844
within our cities across the planet.
429
00:47:41,124 --> 00:47:45,604
We, after all, are the architects
of the urban world.
430
00:47:46,884 --> 00:47:50,244
Now, over half of us
live in an urban environment.
431
00:47:50,324 --> 00:47:54,084
My home, too, is here
in the city of London.
432
00:47:55,044 --> 00:47:57,244
Looking down on this great metropolis,
433
00:47:57,324 --> 00:47:59,484
the ingenuity with which we continue
434
00:47:59,564 --> 00:48:03,044
to reshape the surface
of our planet is very striking,
435
00:48:03,964 --> 00:48:05,524
but it's also sobering.
436
00:48:06,324 --> 00:48:09,444
It reminds me of just
how easy it is for us
437
00:48:09,524 --> 00:48:12,484
to lose our connection
with the natural world.
438
00:48:13,604 --> 00:48:16,564
Yet it's on this connection
that the future
439
00:48:16,644 --> 00:48:20,684
of both humanity
and the natural world will depend.
440
00:48:21,964 --> 00:48:26,164
It's surely our responsibility
to do everything within our power
441
00:48:26,844 --> 00:48:30,604
to create a planet that provides a home
not just for us,
442
00:48:31,324 --> 00:48:34,364
but for all life on Earth.
443
00:49:18,204 --> 00:49:19,924
For a wildlife film crew,
444
00:49:20,004 --> 00:49:24,564
working in the urban environment
was an altogether different experience.
445
00:49:25,244 --> 00:49:28,364
Two crews set off
on two very different missions.
446
00:49:29,124 --> 00:49:31,724
It's Mark and Louis's
first time in India.
447
00:49:32,404 --> 00:49:34,404
Passed this moped,
and we're not stopping.
448
00:49:34,484 --> 00:49:36,924
We're going. Oh, my God!
449
00:49:37,564 --> 00:49:39,724
Yeah, we're in India.
450
00:49:41,364 --> 00:49:43,084
ATTENBOROUGH:
Along with the rest of the team,
451
00:49:43,164 --> 00:49:45,684
they hope to film up close and personal
452
00:49:45,764 --> 00:49:47,924
with the monkeys
that have come from the wild
453
00:49:48,004 --> 00:49:50,324
to live in the hustle and bustle
of the city.
454
00:49:52,164 --> 00:49:55,804
I can't believe these macaques
have left the peace and quiet
455
00:49:55,884 --> 00:49:58,044
for this mayhem, but they're fine here.
456
00:49:58,124 --> 00:50:00,924
In fact, they're probably a bit more
comfortable than I am with this noise.
457
00:50:01,004 --> 00:50:02,044
- (CAR HORN HONKING)
- Yeah, yeah.
458
00:50:04,164 --> 00:50:06,164
ATTENBOROUGH:
And to get into the monkey's world,
459
00:50:06,244 --> 00:50:10,004
Mark will be using a new rig
that stabilises the camera
460
00:50:10,084 --> 00:50:12,444
and allows him to get
right into the action.
461
00:50:14,684 --> 00:50:17,244
I think Mark and Louis
have got a big challenge.
462
00:50:17,324 --> 00:50:20,604
To be, uh, wielding thousands of pounds
worth of camera equipment
463
00:50:20,684 --> 00:50:22,324
down at the street level.
464
00:50:22,404 --> 00:50:24,244
(LAUGHS) Rather them than me.
465
00:50:24,924 --> 00:50:26,124
LOUIS: We've got a lady
with cauliflowers
466
00:50:26,204 --> 00:50:28,244
passing on your left, Mark.
467
00:50:29,284 --> 00:50:31,044
- MARK: Just pull me aside.
- On your left.
468
00:50:31,124 --> 00:50:33,684
I'm more used to a jungle,
if I'm honest.
469
00:50:34,324 --> 00:50:36,644
Erm, well, this is
a jungle all of its own.
470
00:50:36,724 --> 00:50:38,084
Just with people instead of trees.
471
00:50:38,164 --> 00:50:40,164
(LAUGHING) This really...
It's impossible.
472
00:50:41,884 --> 00:50:44,604
ATTENBOROUGH:
Seven hundred miles south, in Mumbai,
473
00:50:44,684 --> 00:50:47,284
cameraman Gordon Buchanan
will have to take on
474
00:50:47,364 --> 00:50:48,964
a completely different filming approach
475
00:50:49,044 --> 00:50:52,164
if he is to capture
an urban leopard hunt.
476
00:50:53,724 --> 00:50:55,084
(GOAT BLEATING)
477
00:50:55,164 --> 00:50:57,724
It's amazing to think that
standing here, surrounded by people,
478
00:50:57,804 --> 00:50:59,524
all this, kind of, human activity,
479
00:50:59,604 --> 00:51:02,804
that within half a mile,
480
00:51:02,884 --> 00:51:05,564
maybe even less, there will be leopards.
481
00:51:06,844 --> 00:51:09,844
ATTENBOROUGH: Only glimpses of
these cats have been caught on camera,
482
00:51:09,924 --> 00:51:11,404
and just to locate them,
483
00:51:11,484 --> 00:51:13,964
he'll need new infrared camera traps.
484
00:51:14,044 --> 00:51:16,524
Are you happy
with the composition? Good.
485
00:51:16,604 --> 00:51:19,444
What about you? Correct shutter speed?
486
00:51:19,524 --> 00:51:20,724
(LAUGHING)
487
00:51:21,164 --> 00:51:26,204
Gordon is hoping that these camera traps
will reveal where they're on the prowl.
488
00:51:31,044 --> 00:51:34,484
For the monkey team,
finding the animals seems easy...
489
00:51:34,564 --> 00:51:36,364
MARK: Steady now, Rob.
Rob, Rob, Rob.
490
00:51:36,444 --> 00:51:39,244
...but keeping up with them
is a different matter.
491
00:51:42,564 --> 00:51:45,324
- He almost stomped on that.
- Ooh!
492
00:51:45,404 --> 00:51:46,764
They didn't put that
on the hazard assessment.
493
00:51:46,844 --> 00:51:48,684
- WOMAN: They did, as a matter of fact.
- A cow in the groin?
494
00:51:48,764 --> 00:51:50,244
- WOMAN: A cow in the groin in there.
- (LAUGHS)
495
00:51:50,684 --> 00:51:53,324
MARK: They're much tougher
and more granitey
496
00:51:53,404 --> 00:51:55,364
than the monkeys I filmed in the wild.
497
00:51:55,444 --> 00:51:57,044
They're not frightened of us.
498
00:51:57,124 --> 00:51:59,564
They're, erm... I mean, look at this.
499
00:51:59,644 --> 00:52:00,964
(PIG SQUEALS)
500
00:52:01,044 --> 00:52:03,004
He's takin' on pigs,
he's takin' on goats,
501
00:52:03,084 --> 00:52:04,124
he's takin' on cows.
502
00:52:04,204 --> 00:52:06,124
He's takin' on me anytime he wants to.
503
00:52:07,244 --> 00:52:08,844
ATTENBOROUGH:
But with monkeys this brazen,
504
00:52:08,924 --> 00:52:12,444
Mark is able to follow the troop
at street level.
505
00:52:13,004 --> 00:52:14,804
(MACAQUES SCREECHING)
506
00:52:15,044 --> 00:52:18,284
ATTENBOROUGH: To capture their movements
in their rooftop world,
507
00:52:18,364 --> 00:52:23,404
they need to run a cable between
buildings and fly a camera along it.
508
00:52:24,404 --> 00:52:27,004
And that calls for
some inventive rigging.
509
00:52:29,004 --> 00:52:31,644
I've got this soft satsuma here,
510
00:52:32,284 --> 00:52:36,124
and I've got to lob it to the team
on the other side, over there.
511
00:52:36,204 --> 00:52:37,884
We're gonna lob it
from rooftop to rooftop.
512
00:52:37,964 --> 00:52:41,964
We've made sure there's no one
on the rooftops and it's safe to do it.
513
00:52:42,044 --> 00:52:43,124
You ready?
514
00:52:43,764 --> 00:52:44,844
Okay.
515
00:52:49,204 --> 00:52:51,324
Okay, good. That's good.
516
00:52:51,884 --> 00:52:54,324
I got it into the courtyard.
So that's perfect.
517
00:52:56,364 --> 00:52:59,324
I think our cable run
at the moment is about 60 metres.
518
00:53:00,124 --> 00:53:02,084
And we can travel the whole length,
519
00:53:02,164 --> 00:53:04,884
while panning and tilting and really
looking at everything we want to.
520
00:53:04,964 --> 00:53:07,644
It should give us
some really dynamic stunning shots.
521
00:53:08,324 --> 00:53:11,364
ATTENBOROUGH: The team
is getting an insight at all levels
522
00:53:11,444 --> 00:53:14,364
into the monkeys' mischievous lives.
523
00:53:17,764 --> 00:53:19,524
(MONKEY SHRIEKING)
524
00:53:22,644 --> 00:53:27,324
And are starting to figure out
the routes they use to cross the city.
525
00:53:29,084 --> 00:53:30,604
And over the course of weeks,
526
00:53:30,684 --> 00:53:33,844
the macaques become
all too familiar with the crew.
527
00:53:34,364 --> 00:53:35,804
MARK: (CHUCKLING) Oh, monkey.
528
00:53:35,884 --> 00:53:37,724
All right, little monkey. All right.
529
00:53:39,724 --> 00:53:41,964
ATTENBOROUGH:
They're now fully embedded in the troop,
530
00:53:42,044 --> 00:53:45,044
and Mark is able to film
right amongst them.
531
00:53:45,124 --> 00:53:47,084
LOUIS: These guys
at the moment are magic.
532
00:53:47,164 --> 00:53:49,004
We've got monkeys behaving naturally.
533
00:53:49,084 --> 00:53:50,404
It's fantastic.
534
00:53:53,484 --> 00:53:56,484
MARK: It's good, Louis.
LOUIS: Very nice, too. Very nice.
535
00:53:57,324 --> 00:54:00,364
ATTENBOROUGH: Back in Mumbai,
the camera traps are revealing
536
00:54:00,444 --> 00:54:02,564
where the leopards are coming out.
537
00:54:04,804 --> 00:54:08,604
But to stand any chance
of capturing them hunting in the city,
538
00:54:08,684 --> 00:54:12,524
Gordon will need to use
the latest thermal camera technology.
539
00:54:16,964 --> 00:54:19,364
(DRUMMING AND TRUMPETING)
540
00:54:25,964 --> 00:54:27,084
(FIRE CRACKER EXPLODES)
541
00:54:28,844 --> 00:54:31,284
(WHISPERING) I can't imagine
that a leopard's gonna come
542
00:54:31,364 --> 00:54:32,964
with all this going on.
543
00:54:34,524 --> 00:54:38,004
ATTENBOROUGH:
Relative silence eventually descends.
544
00:54:38,204 --> 00:54:42,004
Okay, I picked up some movement
behind some bushes on the camera.
545
00:54:42,844 --> 00:54:45,044
Just a, sort of, a twinkling of light.
546
00:54:45,124 --> 00:54:46,444
It's something warm-blooded.
547
00:54:48,724 --> 00:54:49,924
Here we go.
548
00:54:52,644 --> 00:54:54,084
A leopard.
549
00:54:54,164 --> 00:54:56,764
You dancer, look at that.
550
00:54:58,684 --> 00:55:00,884
It definitely knows that I'm here.
551
00:55:02,964 --> 00:55:06,364
That's the type of sighting that
you'd have to wait for weeks and weeks
552
00:55:06,444 --> 00:55:08,124
to get a leopard that close,
553
00:55:09,124 --> 00:55:11,044
and so airily open.
554
00:55:12,084 --> 00:55:13,484
ATTENBOROUGH: Over the next month,
555
00:55:13,564 --> 00:55:17,004
this camera enables Gordon
to see into the darkness,
556
00:55:17,084 --> 00:55:20,924
and be the first person to film
an urban leopard hunt.
557
00:55:24,404 --> 00:55:26,284
But it's only at the end of the trip
558
00:55:26,364 --> 00:55:29,044
that he has his most
memorable encounter.
559
00:55:29,124 --> 00:55:31,284
BUCHANAN: Look at the size of him.
560
00:55:32,684 --> 00:55:34,964
He's coming up. He's coming up.
He's coming up.
561
00:55:38,204 --> 00:55:40,124
My goodness! Look at that.
562
00:55:40,204 --> 00:55:42,564
He's about three metres in front of me.
563
00:55:46,324 --> 00:55:47,644
Hey, there!
564
00:55:54,164 --> 00:55:55,644
(SMACKS LIPS)
565
00:56:13,564 --> 00:56:15,244
My heart is racing.
566
00:56:16,884 --> 00:56:18,164
That was close.
567
00:56:22,044 --> 00:56:24,324
That's the closest
I've ever been to a leopard.
568
00:56:29,484 --> 00:56:32,564
It's often the case with urban wildlife
569
00:56:32,644 --> 00:56:35,884
is that it's the presence
of human beings
570
00:56:35,964 --> 00:56:39,524
that allows certain animals to do well.
571
00:56:40,804 --> 00:56:43,244
And I suppose it's just incredible
572
00:56:43,644 --> 00:56:46,564
that one of those animals
is the leopard.
573
00:56:52,604 --> 00:56:55,044
ATTENBOROUGH:
It isn't just Gordon getting an insight
574
00:56:55,124 --> 00:56:59,204
into the surprising wildlife
encounters possible in the city.
575
00:57:00,164 --> 00:57:02,764
It's in Jodhpur, filming the langurs,
576
00:57:02,844 --> 00:57:06,404
that the monkey team really see
the extraordinary relationship
577
00:57:06,484 --> 00:57:10,164
between humans and animals
in Indian cities.
578
00:57:10,244 --> 00:57:12,564
They're so tolerant. They're amazing.
579
00:57:17,364 --> 00:57:20,164
ATTENBOROUGH: And it makes
a strong impression on them.
580
00:57:20,244 --> 00:57:21,684
Oh, it's beautiful!
581
00:57:23,244 --> 00:57:24,644
Yeah, that is beautiful.
582
00:57:26,204 --> 00:57:29,124
MARK: I mean, coming to India,
this is what you realise
583
00:57:29,484 --> 00:57:32,244
that if you let your wildlife
into the city
584
00:57:32,324 --> 00:57:36,484
and you really embrace it,
then this is the reward you get.
585
00:57:36,564 --> 00:57:39,884
I mean, this phenomenal connection
586
00:57:39,964 --> 00:57:44,884
with incredible creatures,
and that just feels wonderful.
587
00:57:46,204 --> 00:57:48,484
ATTENBOROUGH:
It was a surprising revelation
588
00:57:48,564 --> 00:57:51,524
that it was in cities
where the film crews
589
00:57:51,604 --> 00:57:56,124
had some of their most extraordinary
encounters with wild animals.