1 00:00:33,644 --> 00:00:37,324 DAVID ATTENBOROUGH: This is the newest habitat on Earth. 2 00:00:41,644 --> 00:00:43,924 It's here that animals have to contend 3 00:00:44,004 --> 00:00:47,924 with the greatest change that is happening to the face of our planet. 4 00:00:54,204 --> 00:01:00,324 In this decade, the urban environment is predicted to grow by nearly 30%. 5 00:01:03,764 --> 00:01:06,764 It may appear hostile to animal life, 6 00:01:08,364 --> 00:01:13,684 but for the bold, this is a world of surprising opportunity. 7 00:01:26,004 --> 00:01:27,924 Jodhpur, India. 8 00:01:33,084 --> 00:01:34,164 (LANGUR CALLS) 9 00:01:34,244 --> 00:01:36,804 A gang of bachelor male langurs 10 00:01:36,884 --> 00:01:40,444 has come to challenge the resident alpha male. 11 00:01:40,524 --> 00:01:41,684 (GROWLS) 12 00:01:45,364 --> 00:01:46,644 (CALLS) 13 00:01:46,724 --> 00:01:50,764 This alpha rules over a valuable urban territory. 14 00:01:51,444 --> 00:01:53,044 (DOGS BARKING IN DISTANCE) 15 00:01:55,244 --> 00:01:59,124 But maintaining dominance here is a constant struggle. 16 00:02:05,204 --> 00:02:08,724 The bachelors have united to try and overthrow him. 17 00:02:13,204 --> 00:02:14,804 (LANGURS GRUNTING) 18 00:02:16,204 --> 00:02:18,764 If they win, one of the challengers 19 00:02:18,844 --> 00:02:21,724 will take over the alpha's troop of females, 20 00:02:22,804 --> 00:02:25,004 and may kill his infants. 21 00:02:28,884 --> 00:02:31,604 There are 15 males in this bachelor group. 22 00:02:33,484 --> 00:02:37,564 The alpha must evict every single one of them from his territory. 23 00:02:52,364 --> 00:02:54,844 He has chased half the bachelors away, 24 00:02:56,404 --> 00:03:00,444 but a splinter group has looped back and is harassing his females. 25 00:03:01,564 --> 00:03:03,364 (LANGURS SNARLING) 26 00:03:04,324 --> 00:03:05,364 (HOOTS) 27 00:03:05,444 --> 00:03:07,604 Once again, he has to battle. 28 00:03:14,484 --> 00:03:16,444 (LANGURS BARKING) 29 00:03:40,964 --> 00:03:42,084 (BARKS) 30 00:03:43,524 --> 00:03:46,724 Finally, he manages to expel them all. 31 00:03:50,604 --> 00:03:52,884 He returns home victorious, 32 00:03:52,964 --> 00:03:55,764 but with a serious wound on his right leg. 33 00:04:01,884 --> 00:04:04,364 It's a hard life for him in the city. 34 00:04:05,644 --> 00:04:08,964 Keeping the intruders away is a daily challenge. 35 00:04:13,844 --> 00:04:15,244 But it's worth it. 36 00:04:16,324 --> 00:04:17,964 For these urban territories 37 00:04:18,044 --> 00:04:21,524 are probably the best langur territories in the world. 38 00:04:23,284 --> 00:04:25,964 They're filled with rich feeding grounds. 39 00:04:27,884 --> 00:04:29,084 (BIRDS CAWING) 40 00:04:33,244 --> 00:04:35,284 Here in the temple gardens, 41 00:04:35,364 --> 00:04:39,764 the langurs have, over centuries, developed a surprising relationship. 42 00:04:44,524 --> 00:04:49,204 One that guarantee's them a constantly replenished source of food. 43 00:04:54,684 --> 00:04:56,044 (BIRDS CALLING) 44 00:05:05,324 --> 00:05:10,164 The people here associate langurs with the Hindu God, Lord Hanuman, 45 00:05:10,684 --> 00:05:12,124 and revere them. 46 00:05:18,724 --> 00:05:21,164 They're given all the food they can eat. 47 00:05:33,204 --> 00:05:37,884 And this high-energy diet has led to a baby boom. 48 00:05:42,204 --> 00:05:44,524 Female langurs in this city 49 00:05:44,604 --> 00:05:48,764 give birth to twice as many young as their forest counterparts. 50 00:05:50,604 --> 00:05:53,724 This mother is so well fed that her rich milk 51 00:05:53,804 --> 00:05:56,884 can support something rarely seen in the wild. 52 00:05:57,724 --> 00:05:58,884 Twins. 53 00:06:04,084 --> 00:06:07,084 And all these babies can create troops 54 00:06:07,164 --> 00:06:10,884 that are far larger than those found in the forests nearby. 55 00:06:12,524 --> 00:06:16,724 With less time spent looking for food, there is more time for play. 56 00:06:19,404 --> 00:06:21,364 (LANGURS SQUEALING) 57 00:06:28,404 --> 00:06:31,644 The rewards of living in a city can be huge. 58 00:06:32,484 --> 00:06:34,964 The challenge is to find your niche. 59 00:06:35,044 --> 00:06:36,244 (SIRENS WAILING) 60 00:06:44,124 --> 00:06:45,764 New York City. 61 00:06:48,004 --> 00:06:49,604 (HORNS HONKING) 62 00:06:50,084 --> 00:06:55,564 This densely built-up landscape is as unnatural as anywhere on Earth. 63 00:06:55,644 --> 00:06:57,404 (BRAKES SCREECHING) 64 00:06:58,124 --> 00:06:59,484 (BIRDS CALLING) 65 00:07:00,884 --> 00:07:06,244 And yet, this wild peregrine falcon looks out onto an ideal habitat. 66 00:07:16,604 --> 00:07:20,324 Strange as it may seem, this vastly-altered landscape 67 00:07:20,404 --> 00:07:24,324 replicates the conditions in which peregrines evolved. 68 00:07:29,964 --> 00:07:32,684 The towering buildings have a multitude of ledges 69 00:07:32,764 --> 00:07:34,924 on which falcons can nest, 70 00:07:36,884 --> 00:07:40,244 and the high perches that they need to catch the wind. 71 00:07:40,324 --> 00:07:42,924 (FALCONS SCREECHING) 72 00:07:44,564 --> 00:07:47,164 New York City has the highest density 73 00:07:47,244 --> 00:07:50,924 of nesting peregrines anywhere on the planet. 74 00:07:58,684 --> 00:08:01,564 Winds striking the sides of the skyscrapers 75 00:08:01,644 --> 00:08:05,444 are deflected upwards and can help the birds gain height. 76 00:08:09,564 --> 00:08:14,044 And the great areas of concrete roasting in the sun create thermals, 77 00:08:15,124 --> 00:08:19,324 so that, with very little effort, the birds can soar over the city. 78 00:08:28,004 --> 00:08:30,724 And so many peregrines can live here, 79 00:08:30,804 --> 00:08:35,804 because down at street level, there is a lot of potential prey. 80 00:08:41,644 --> 00:08:43,324 (PIGEONS CHIRPING) 81 00:08:52,084 --> 00:08:54,924 Diving from height, the falcons can reach speeds 82 00:08:55,004 --> 00:08:57,124 of over 200 miles an hour. 83 00:09:03,084 --> 00:09:06,364 But their prey stay down low and close to the buildings. 84 00:09:13,844 --> 00:09:15,044 Too risky. 85 00:09:15,124 --> 00:09:17,244 The peregrine pulls out of his stoop. 86 00:09:20,684 --> 00:09:22,484 But the effort is not wasted. 87 00:09:23,684 --> 00:09:27,244 The falcons need to flush their prey into the open. 88 00:09:29,324 --> 00:09:32,004 And Manhattan is surrounded by water. 89 00:09:34,164 --> 00:09:37,084 Out here the odds change. 90 00:09:37,164 --> 00:09:39,124 And in the peregrine's favour. 91 00:10:28,084 --> 00:10:29,604 (CHURCH BELL TOLLING) 92 00:10:31,044 --> 00:10:34,084 With abundant prey here all year round, 93 00:10:34,764 --> 00:10:37,284 it has taken only 40 years 94 00:10:37,364 --> 00:10:39,924 for these falcons to establish themselves here. 95 00:10:45,764 --> 00:10:49,284 And now, among skyscrapers, they're more successful 96 00:10:49,364 --> 00:10:52,244 than their cousins living in the wilderness. 97 00:10:59,724 --> 00:11:04,684 Mumbai, in India, is home to over 20 million people. 98 00:11:06,084 --> 00:11:07,684 And there are predators here 99 00:11:07,764 --> 00:11:11,364 that, though rarely seen, are rightly feared. 100 00:11:16,924 --> 00:11:18,004 Carnivores, 101 00:11:18,084 --> 00:11:22,004 lured by the prospect of plentiful unsuspecting prey 102 00:11:22,084 --> 00:11:23,524 are on the prowl. 103 00:11:25,364 --> 00:11:26,724 (DOG BARKING) 104 00:11:33,724 --> 00:11:35,324 - (SNARLING) - A leopard. 105 00:11:36,364 --> 00:11:40,084 Every night, under the cover of darkness they come out to hunt. 106 00:11:40,164 --> 00:11:43,004 (MUSIC PLAYING OVER SPEAKERS) 107 00:11:43,684 --> 00:11:46,044 These are big animals, 108 00:11:46,124 --> 00:11:49,924 and they're looking for large prey to satisfy their hunger. 109 00:11:57,164 --> 00:12:01,084 To catch more than a glimpse of them and reveal their hunting behaviour, 110 00:12:01,164 --> 00:12:03,644 you need night-vision cameras. 111 00:12:07,804 --> 00:12:10,884 - (INDISTINCT CHATTER) - (HORNS HONKING IN THE DISTANCE) 112 00:12:14,444 --> 00:12:17,924 Leopards have attacked almost 200 people here 113 00:12:18,004 --> 00:12:20,164 in the last 25 years. 114 00:12:39,404 --> 00:12:42,004 But humans are not their usual prey. 115 00:12:44,324 --> 00:12:47,524 These leopards are on the hunt for something else. 116 00:12:54,844 --> 00:12:56,644 (INDISTINCT CHATTERING) 117 00:13:04,044 --> 00:13:05,204 (SNORTING) 118 00:13:05,284 --> 00:13:06,524 Pigs. 119 00:13:10,404 --> 00:13:13,844 These leopards prefer to hunt the domestic animals 120 00:13:13,924 --> 00:13:17,964 that people have brought to the city in considerable numbers. 121 00:13:22,164 --> 00:13:24,004 (SNORTING) 122 00:13:37,084 --> 00:13:39,404 The pigs keep their family close. 123 00:13:58,644 --> 00:14:00,244 (PIG SQUEALING) 124 00:14:00,964 --> 00:14:02,444 (PIGLET SQUEALING) 125 00:14:11,604 --> 00:14:15,044 The ceaseless noise of the city plays to their advantage. 126 00:14:16,484 --> 00:14:18,524 It conceals their approach. 127 00:14:20,244 --> 00:14:24,244 And the leopards are using this cover to hunt all over the city. 128 00:14:24,324 --> 00:14:25,804 (PIGS SQUEALING) 129 00:14:44,364 --> 00:14:46,884 This is a thriving population. 130 00:14:47,324 --> 00:14:50,644 In fact, the highest concentration of leopards in the world 131 00:14:51,204 --> 00:14:52,524 is right here. 132 00:14:58,804 --> 00:15:00,244 (CHURCH BELLS TOLLING) 133 00:15:01,204 --> 00:15:05,604 It's not only the abundance of food that attracts wild animals to cities. 134 00:15:13,724 --> 00:15:18,324 They're usually several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside. 135 00:15:18,404 --> 00:15:21,204 And here in Rome, in December, 136 00:15:21,284 --> 00:15:25,324 one animal is taking full advantage of this extra heat. 137 00:15:26,084 --> 00:15:27,844 And it's leaving it's mark. 138 00:15:30,924 --> 00:15:33,004 In a single winter's day, 139 00:15:33,084 --> 00:15:37,084 ten tonnes of its droppings rain down on the city. 140 00:15:39,484 --> 00:15:41,044 (HORNS HONKING) 141 00:15:41,444 --> 00:15:42,604 (SQUEALING) 142 00:15:44,164 --> 00:15:45,324 Starlings. 143 00:15:48,564 --> 00:15:51,324 In the evening, they come back to the warmth of the city 144 00:15:51,404 --> 00:15:54,044 after feeding in the neighbouring countryside. 145 00:15:56,764 --> 00:15:59,284 They must return to their roosting trees. 146 00:16:00,124 --> 00:16:03,204 But the first to do so are at the highest risk 147 00:16:03,284 --> 00:16:05,444 of being caught by birds of prey. 148 00:16:08,364 --> 00:16:11,244 So, they wait for others to arrive. 149 00:16:12,404 --> 00:16:14,204 There's safety in numbers. 150 00:16:16,604 --> 00:16:22,764 As daylight fades, the sky fills with a staggering one million starlings. 151 00:16:25,364 --> 00:16:30,564 And then follows one of nature's great spectaculars. 152 00:16:32,924 --> 00:16:34,644 (WHOOSHING) 153 00:17:11,484 --> 00:17:16,764 How, or indeed why, they perform these marvellous aerobatics, 154 00:17:16,844 --> 00:17:19,484 we still do not fully understand. 155 00:17:30,364 --> 00:17:33,884 Eventually, en masse, they brave the descent 156 00:17:33,964 --> 00:17:37,164 and fill the branches of their favourite trees. 157 00:17:42,244 --> 00:17:45,684 On these cold winter nights, the city's extra warmth 158 00:17:45,764 --> 00:17:49,164 can mean the difference between life and death. 159 00:17:49,284 --> 00:17:50,964 (CHIRPING) 160 00:18:02,284 --> 00:18:04,324 A city, of course, can provide 161 00:18:04,404 --> 00:18:07,964 not only shelter and abundant food, but glamour. 162 00:18:10,204 --> 00:18:13,524 These varied objects have been carefully chosen 163 00:18:13,604 --> 00:18:17,604 by a bird for their brightness and their colour. 164 00:18:17,684 --> 00:18:18,804 (TWIG SNAPS) 165 00:18:19,644 --> 00:18:22,804 This great bowerbird has spent over a decade 166 00:18:22,884 --> 00:18:26,364 building this collection of mostly man-made objects. 167 00:18:30,924 --> 00:18:33,684 Out on a golf course in Townsville, Australia, 168 00:18:33,764 --> 00:18:37,764 he's putting the final touches to his enormous bower, 169 00:18:37,844 --> 00:18:40,724 that he hopes will impress a visiting female. 170 00:18:46,724 --> 00:18:51,004 He spends two hours each day rearranging his prized objects. 171 00:18:57,444 --> 00:19:01,204 "Perhaps that would look a little better over there." 172 00:19:04,044 --> 00:19:07,164 But it seems that something is missing. 173 00:19:09,364 --> 00:19:12,484 Instead of going into town to collect new objects, 174 00:19:12,564 --> 00:19:15,884 he's decided to raid his neighbour's bower. 175 00:19:18,844 --> 00:19:20,644 "A clothes peg! Excellent!" 176 00:19:26,844 --> 00:19:28,884 "And a shiny toy car." 177 00:19:32,324 --> 00:19:34,564 It's a risky game if you get caught. 178 00:19:37,244 --> 00:19:38,684 The owner is back. 179 00:19:38,764 --> 00:19:40,924 (SCREECHING) 180 00:19:47,684 --> 00:19:50,884 There is one bower where the risk is worth it. 181 00:19:52,204 --> 00:19:55,604 A particular object has caught his eye. 182 00:19:59,164 --> 00:20:01,604 He'll have to wait for the owner to leave. 183 00:20:13,524 --> 00:20:14,764 This is his chance. 184 00:20:17,244 --> 00:20:18,604 A real treasure. 185 00:20:18,684 --> 00:20:20,244 A scarlet heart. 186 00:20:25,844 --> 00:20:26,844 "Got it." 187 00:20:29,044 --> 00:20:32,444 The stage is now set for female visitors. 188 00:20:40,684 --> 00:20:42,964 His luck may be in. 189 00:20:50,924 --> 00:20:53,804 The seduction can now begin. 190 00:20:54,644 --> 00:20:55,844 (SCREECHES) 191 00:20:58,124 --> 00:21:00,244 He's showing off his best goods. 192 00:21:04,884 --> 00:21:07,324 "Perhaps a little plastic piping? 193 00:21:10,524 --> 00:21:12,604 "Or maybe a bit of coloured string?" 194 00:21:17,684 --> 00:21:20,044 But his guest doesn't seem to be paying much attention. 195 00:21:28,764 --> 00:21:29,884 "A fork? 196 00:21:31,204 --> 00:21:32,324 "Madame?" 197 00:21:34,764 --> 00:21:36,644 Nothing seems to be working. 198 00:21:40,404 --> 00:21:42,884 Something is just not quite right here. 199 00:21:49,244 --> 00:21:52,004 But he still has one trick up his sleeve. 200 00:21:52,084 --> 00:21:53,364 (SCREECHES) 201 00:21:53,444 --> 00:21:55,044 The scarlet heart. 202 00:21:58,204 --> 00:22:00,444 (SCREECHING) 203 00:22:13,564 --> 00:22:15,524 (CONTINUES SCREECHING) 204 00:22:19,644 --> 00:22:23,164 As a final thrill, he expands the pink crest 205 00:22:23,244 --> 00:22:25,164 on the back of his head. 206 00:22:25,244 --> 00:22:27,684 The sign of his adulthood. 207 00:22:28,724 --> 00:22:30,324 But he's made a mistake. 208 00:22:32,724 --> 00:22:34,244 This is not a female 209 00:22:34,324 --> 00:22:37,564 but a young male who hasn't yet developed that head crest. 210 00:22:38,644 --> 00:22:41,204 And he's making off with the scarlet heart. 211 00:22:41,284 --> 00:22:42,884 (HISSING AND SCREECHING) 212 00:22:43,844 --> 00:22:47,164 It's not easy finding sex in the city. 213 00:22:51,484 --> 00:22:55,324 Raising a family in the city is not easy either. 214 00:22:57,324 --> 00:22:59,444 It's spring time in Toronto, 215 00:22:59,524 --> 00:23:05,084 and this mother raccoon has exchanged her native treetops for rooftops. 216 00:23:07,404 --> 00:23:09,524 (DOG BARKING) 217 00:23:15,324 --> 00:23:17,324 Since giving birth two months ago, 218 00:23:17,404 --> 00:23:21,524 she's kept her offspring safe and warm inside a chimney. 219 00:23:24,244 --> 00:23:25,684 (CHITTERING) 220 00:23:26,324 --> 00:23:28,924 Now, her young have outgrown their nursery. 221 00:23:30,004 --> 00:23:33,084 This is her first major challenge as a mother. 222 00:23:35,804 --> 00:23:39,044 The time has come to move to a new home. 223 00:23:40,444 --> 00:23:43,524 She needs to get her youngster to ground level. 224 00:23:45,884 --> 00:23:48,924 But instead of an easy climb down a tree, 225 00:23:49,004 --> 00:23:51,644 she is faced with a vertical drop, 226 00:23:52,044 --> 00:23:53,764 with little to cling onto. 227 00:23:56,284 --> 00:23:57,764 (SQUEALING) 228 00:23:58,884 --> 00:24:02,044 Her baby's first glimpse of the urban world, 229 00:24:04,924 --> 00:24:07,324 from a terrifying 30 feet up. 230 00:24:38,244 --> 00:24:41,324 This is the last of her litter to be brought down. 231 00:24:42,444 --> 00:24:44,004 Its siblings are already 232 00:24:44,084 --> 00:24:46,164 - busy exploring the area. - (CHITTERING) 233 00:24:47,284 --> 00:24:48,844 And they have much to learn. 234 00:24:49,924 --> 00:24:51,844 (WHIMPERING) 235 00:24:52,844 --> 00:24:56,244 This one has fallen into a back alley and is trapped. 236 00:24:57,444 --> 00:24:58,524 (CHITTERING) 237 00:24:58,604 --> 00:25:02,484 Mother comes to the rescue and demonstrates what must be done. 238 00:25:10,604 --> 00:25:12,604 (BABY RACCOON WHIMPERING) 239 00:25:19,924 --> 00:25:21,444 (CHITTERING) 240 00:25:24,044 --> 00:25:25,084 (BABY RACCOON YELPS) 241 00:25:25,164 --> 00:25:26,404 That's the way. 242 00:25:32,364 --> 00:25:34,844 Raccoons are opportunists. 243 00:25:36,604 --> 00:25:38,444 And they're eager to explore. 244 00:25:44,324 --> 00:25:46,364 But they'll have to learn very quickly 245 00:25:46,444 --> 00:25:50,004 how to get along in this strange new environment 246 00:25:50,084 --> 00:25:52,644 so full of hazards. 247 00:25:54,884 --> 00:25:56,204 (DOG BARKING) 248 00:25:56,284 --> 00:25:57,444 (WATER SPLASHING) 249 00:25:58,964 --> 00:26:01,884 Mother comes to the rescue once more. 250 00:26:04,524 --> 00:26:07,644 Urban raccoons are now demonstrably better 251 00:26:07,724 --> 00:26:10,244 at problem-solving than their country cousins. 252 00:26:17,604 --> 00:26:19,964 When the feeding opportunities are this good, 253 00:26:20,044 --> 00:26:22,564 the time spent working out how to get to it 254 00:26:22,644 --> 00:26:24,564 is well worth it. 255 00:26:34,964 --> 00:26:37,204 The complexity of urban life 256 00:26:38,484 --> 00:26:40,124 favours the clever. 257 00:26:41,964 --> 00:26:43,564 (HORNS BLARING) 258 00:26:43,644 --> 00:26:46,364 (INDISTINCT SHOUTING AND CHATTER) 259 00:26:48,724 --> 00:26:52,004 But to compete with humanity during daylight hours, 260 00:26:52,084 --> 00:26:53,604 takes more than just intelligence. 261 00:26:59,324 --> 00:27:00,804 It takes nerve. 262 00:27:03,164 --> 00:27:05,724 One enterprising species of monkey 263 00:27:05,804 --> 00:27:09,204 has moved into the city of Jaipur in India. 264 00:27:12,724 --> 00:27:14,004 The Rhesus macaque. 265 00:27:18,804 --> 00:27:22,564 But how to get a share of all this juicy fruit? 266 00:27:31,124 --> 00:27:34,244 Every morning, the troop make the same journey 267 00:27:34,324 --> 00:27:37,924 through the urban jungle, just as human commuters do. 268 00:27:38,004 --> 00:27:40,324 (HORNS HONKING) 269 00:28:00,924 --> 00:28:04,644 Sometimes, inevitably, there are traffic jams. 270 00:28:28,724 --> 00:28:31,884 Once they get to the market, trouble begins. 271 00:28:32,644 --> 00:28:34,764 (INDISTINCT SHOUTING AND CHATTER) 272 00:28:53,644 --> 00:28:55,804 Being both intelligent and brazen 273 00:28:55,884 --> 00:28:59,764 is the key to beating human beings on their home turf. 274 00:29:21,044 --> 00:29:23,004 (MAN SHOUTING REPELLENTLY) 275 00:29:37,324 --> 00:29:39,244 It's daylight robbery. 276 00:29:46,364 --> 00:29:48,044 (CRICKETS CHIRPING) 277 00:29:49,844 --> 00:29:53,284 There are some animals that most would consider too dangerous 278 00:29:53,364 --> 00:29:55,244 to tolerate in the city. 279 00:30:00,004 --> 00:30:01,364 Spotted hyenas. 280 00:30:01,444 --> 00:30:03,284 (HYENA WHOOPING) 281 00:30:04,844 --> 00:30:06,924 They're feared throughout their range. 282 00:30:07,004 --> 00:30:08,644 (SNARLS) 283 00:30:10,164 --> 00:30:12,364 (HYENAS BARKING AND WHOOPING) 284 00:30:14,764 --> 00:30:17,684 In the outskirts of Hara in Ethiopia, 285 00:30:17,764 --> 00:30:22,804 two clans are coming face to face to battle over a prized resource. 286 00:30:22,884 --> 00:30:24,884 (WHOOPING AND YELPING) 287 00:30:28,044 --> 00:30:31,324 There are about 60 hyenas in each clan. 288 00:30:32,244 --> 00:30:33,364 And they're well matched. 289 00:30:58,964 --> 00:31:01,884 After three hours of posturing back and forth, 290 00:31:01,964 --> 00:31:03,564 the losers retreat 291 00:31:03,804 --> 00:31:06,524 and the victors head to claim their prize. 292 00:31:13,244 --> 00:31:16,964 They have been fighting over access to the city. 293 00:31:30,564 --> 00:31:34,724 Once inside the city walls, they head for one place. 294 00:31:38,724 --> 00:31:40,524 (CHITTERING) 295 00:31:43,924 --> 00:31:46,524 And they know exactly how to get there. 296 00:31:56,724 --> 00:31:58,044 (WHINING) 297 00:32:13,164 --> 00:32:14,684 (GROWLS) 298 00:32:18,964 --> 00:32:21,084 The ancient meat market. 299 00:32:24,564 --> 00:32:28,604 The scent of all these carcasses lies heavy in the air. 300 00:32:29,844 --> 00:32:31,324 (SNARLING) 301 00:32:51,324 --> 00:32:54,964 This tradition goes back over 400 years. 302 00:32:55,724 --> 00:32:58,964 The human butchers put out the bones they don't need 303 00:32:59,044 --> 00:33:01,764 and these hyenas deal with them. 304 00:33:04,484 --> 00:33:06,244 They're the only animals that can. 305 00:33:07,004 --> 00:33:11,084 No other here has such powerful bone-crushing jaws. 306 00:33:11,644 --> 00:33:13,884 (YELPING AND BARKING) 307 00:33:14,564 --> 00:33:17,444 And this relationship between man and beast 308 00:33:17,524 --> 00:33:19,724 has now been taken a step further. 309 00:33:19,804 --> 00:33:21,244 (MAN HOOTING) 310 00:33:23,364 --> 00:33:27,724 Yousuf is calling the hyenas to his house. 311 00:33:35,884 --> 00:33:39,564 He and his forefathers, going back five generations, 312 00:33:39,644 --> 00:33:41,684 have been feeding the hyenas 313 00:33:42,924 --> 00:33:44,164 by hand. 314 00:33:46,324 --> 00:33:49,564 The inhabitants of this town believe that hyenas 315 00:33:49,644 --> 00:33:52,764 provide another very important service. 316 00:33:53,844 --> 00:33:57,684 Eating the bad spirits that haunt the streets. 317 00:34:04,244 --> 00:34:07,444 These are wild and ferocious animals, 318 00:34:07,524 --> 00:34:09,924 but once within these city walls, 319 00:34:10,004 --> 00:34:12,964 they behave in a completely different way. 320 00:34:14,964 --> 00:34:18,524 Throughout the rest of Africa, spotted hyenas are feared 321 00:34:18,604 --> 00:34:21,724 because they kill livestock, sometimes even children. 322 00:34:21,804 --> 00:34:23,924 (CONTINUES HOOTING) 323 00:34:24,004 --> 00:34:27,844 They are perhaps the most vilified animal on our planet. 324 00:34:32,364 --> 00:34:34,324 However, here in Harar, 325 00:34:34,404 --> 00:34:37,764 their relationship with people is entirely peaceful. 326 00:34:39,564 --> 00:34:40,804 (CONTINUES HOOTING) 327 00:34:40,884 --> 00:34:43,204 They have won the trust of man. 328 00:34:52,844 --> 00:34:54,844 Losing its fear of humans 329 00:34:54,924 --> 00:34:58,684 has enabled one animal to spread into cities everywhere, 330 00:34:58,764 --> 00:35:00,604 and in huge numbers. 331 00:35:00,684 --> 00:35:02,404 (PIGEONS CHIRPING) 332 00:35:08,084 --> 00:35:12,684 Pigeons are by far the most successful urban bird. 333 00:35:14,524 --> 00:35:16,084 (CHURCH BELL TOLLING) 334 00:35:18,924 --> 00:35:21,324 Here, in Albi, in the south of France, 335 00:35:21,404 --> 00:35:23,604 the pigeons come to the river to bathe. 336 00:35:24,724 --> 00:35:27,404 They need to preen their flight feathers, 337 00:35:27,484 --> 00:35:29,564 clean off the city dust, 338 00:35:30,204 --> 00:35:32,004 and cool themselves down. 339 00:35:52,804 --> 00:35:54,804 But death lies in wait. 340 00:35:57,244 --> 00:35:59,204 A predator that has taken advantage 341 00:35:59,284 --> 00:36:02,164 of the very thing that has led to the pigeon's success... 342 00:36:04,724 --> 00:36:05,924 Their lack of fear. 343 00:36:09,444 --> 00:36:13,404 As the pigeons bathe, oil from their plumage flows downstream, 344 00:36:13,924 --> 00:36:15,564 and is detected. 345 00:36:26,204 --> 00:36:29,204 A monstrous Wels catfish. 346 00:36:31,964 --> 00:36:36,964 Introduced here just 40 years ago, they have proliferated. 347 00:36:38,684 --> 00:36:41,084 Virtually exterminated the local fish stocks... 348 00:36:43,604 --> 00:36:47,164 And they've now developed a taste for pigeon. 349 00:36:49,644 --> 00:36:51,364 Their eyesight is poor, 350 00:36:51,444 --> 00:36:55,444 so they use their barbels to sense the movements of their victims. 351 00:37:51,124 --> 00:37:54,004 This is a radical new hunting strategy 352 00:37:54,084 --> 00:37:56,964 for what is normally a bottom-dwelling fish. 353 00:38:12,044 --> 00:38:14,884 After a thousand years of living in this city, 354 00:38:15,844 --> 00:38:19,844 pigeons are now having to learn to avoid a fish. 355 00:38:24,204 --> 00:38:25,844 (CHURCH BELL TOLLING) 356 00:38:25,924 --> 00:38:28,484 Our cities are always changing. 357 00:38:28,564 --> 00:38:30,244 Sometimes very swiftly. 358 00:38:32,924 --> 00:38:35,604 And animals must cope with the changes, 359 00:38:36,204 --> 00:38:37,644 or disappear. 360 00:38:39,604 --> 00:38:42,604 One of the greatest changes in recent times 361 00:38:42,684 --> 00:38:47,564 has come from a single invention made less than 140 years ago. 362 00:38:52,444 --> 00:38:53,924 Electric light. 363 00:38:56,124 --> 00:38:58,644 It has become more and more powerful, 364 00:39:01,004 --> 00:39:03,044 filling our streets with light. 365 00:39:14,724 --> 00:39:16,604 It's everywhere in the city. 366 00:39:18,684 --> 00:39:20,284 It even goes under ground. 367 00:39:36,244 --> 00:39:37,764 (HORNS BLARING) 368 00:39:39,684 --> 00:39:44,604 The difference between day and night is becoming less and less perceptible. 369 00:39:54,204 --> 00:39:58,724 And that has a profound effect on the activities of wildlife. 370 00:40:03,804 --> 00:40:08,284 In the wilderness, light triggers all kinds of behaviour. 371 00:40:14,244 --> 00:40:15,964 On the night of the full moon, 372 00:40:16,044 --> 00:40:18,964 hundreds of tiny hawksbill turtle hatchlings 373 00:40:19,044 --> 00:40:22,924 emerge from the safety of their nest deep in the sand. 374 00:40:25,364 --> 00:40:29,244 Their instinct is to reach the sea as quickly as possible. 375 00:40:31,364 --> 00:40:36,164 And their guide is the light of the full moon reflected on the water. 376 00:40:43,244 --> 00:40:47,124 But this young hatchling is confused. 377 00:40:55,404 --> 00:40:58,124 It's going in the wrong direction. 378 00:41:03,164 --> 00:41:05,684 Bright light is coming from the land. 379 00:41:08,724 --> 00:41:13,364 And all these hatchlings are travelling up the beach towards it. 380 00:41:13,444 --> 00:41:15,884 (INDISTINCT SHOUTING) 381 00:41:19,244 --> 00:41:22,204 Predators are ready to take advantage. 382 00:41:24,084 --> 00:41:28,084 Crabs now make their burrows directly beneath the beach lights 383 00:41:28,764 --> 00:41:31,684 and wait for their prey to come to them. 384 00:41:53,404 --> 00:41:55,884 Even if a hatchling escapes, 385 00:41:56,524 --> 00:41:57,924 they're still in peril. 386 00:41:58,884 --> 00:42:00,684 (VEHICLES PASSING) 387 00:42:06,684 --> 00:42:09,764 The lights become more and more bewildering. 388 00:42:33,844 --> 00:42:36,964 80% of all hatchlings on this beach 389 00:42:37,044 --> 00:42:41,004 are now disorientated by the lights of the town. 390 00:43:01,084 --> 00:43:03,844 Roads bring many to their end. 391 00:43:18,804 --> 00:43:22,604 Hundreds get trapped in storm drains every night. 392 00:43:36,964 --> 00:43:40,644 Exhausted by the effort of travelling such a distance on land, 393 00:43:43,124 --> 00:43:47,244 this hatchling's chances of surviving the night are slim. 394 00:43:59,924 --> 00:44:03,044 This turtle is one of the countless species 395 00:44:03,124 --> 00:44:05,844 that have been unable to adapt to the change 396 00:44:05,924 --> 00:44:08,924 brought about by the urban environment. 397 00:44:20,484 --> 00:44:22,604 Only a small number of animals 398 00:44:22,684 --> 00:44:25,884 have managed to find ways of living alongside us. 399 00:44:28,204 --> 00:44:32,204 And every 10 years, an area the size of Britain 400 00:44:32,284 --> 00:44:35,404 disappears under a jungle of concrete. 401 00:44:44,764 --> 00:44:47,604 But it doesn't have to be like this. 402 00:44:50,644 --> 00:44:55,284 Could it not be possible to build cities more in harmony with nature? 403 00:45:02,724 --> 00:45:08,804 How, and whether we decide to invite the wildlife back, is up to us. 404 00:45:12,724 --> 00:45:15,884 This tree is rising nearly 30 storeys. 405 00:45:15,964 --> 00:45:21,884 It's one of almost 800 being planted to create a vertical forest in Milan. 406 00:45:27,884 --> 00:45:32,164 This number of living trees would normally fill two hectares of woodland, 407 00:45:32,244 --> 00:45:36,044 but here, they occupy one-tenth of that area. 408 00:45:37,564 --> 00:45:40,524 Greening the walls and roofs of our buildings 409 00:45:40,604 --> 00:45:43,164 could create a rich and extensive habitat, 410 00:45:43,244 --> 00:45:45,164 if we wanted it to do so. 411 00:45:48,324 --> 00:45:53,084 There is one city where that idea is being applied on a major scale. 412 00:45:53,844 --> 00:45:54,964 Singapore. 413 00:45:56,924 --> 00:46:01,724 Two million trees have been planted here in the last 45 years. 414 00:46:01,804 --> 00:46:03,284 (BIRDS CHIRPING) 415 00:46:03,364 --> 00:46:07,924 This city is now richer in species than any other in the world. 416 00:46:15,124 --> 00:46:18,764 And this practise extends to all parts of the city. 417 00:46:20,244 --> 00:46:22,004 The waterways have been cleaned up, 418 00:46:22,084 --> 00:46:24,684 and smooth-coated otters are coming back. 419 00:46:31,084 --> 00:46:35,404 But perhaps, the most spectacular example of city greening 420 00:46:35,484 --> 00:46:38,804 is this grove of super trees. 421 00:46:41,844 --> 00:46:47,844 These 150 feet high metal structures are now full of life. 422 00:46:49,644 --> 00:46:53,524 Creepers have been planted to grow over the outermost branches. 423 00:46:56,764 --> 00:47:02,164 This is a new urban world that we have now designed and built 424 00:47:02,804 --> 00:47:04,404 with others in mind. 425 00:47:07,324 --> 00:47:10,684 Create the space, and the animals will come. 426 00:47:19,564 --> 00:47:22,804 Is this a vision of our cities of the future? 427 00:47:31,764 --> 00:47:34,844 It could be possible to see wildlife thriving 428 00:47:34,924 --> 00:47:37,844 within our cities across the planet. 429 00:47:41,124 --> 00:47:45,604 We, after all, are the architects of the urban world. 430 00:47:46,884 --> 00:47:50,244 Now, over half of us live in an urban environment. 431 00:47:50,324 --> 00:47:54,084 My home, too, is here in the city of London. 432 00:47:55,044 --> 00:47:57,244 Looking down on this great metropolis, 433 00:47:57,324 --> 00:47:59,484 the ingenuity with which we continue 434 00:47:59,564 --> 00:48:03,044 to reshape the surface of our planet is very striking, 435 00:48:03,964 --> 00:48:05,524 but it's also sobering. 436 00:48:06,324 --> 00:48:09,444 It reminds me of just how easy it is for us 437 00:48:09,524 --> 00:48:12,484 to lose our connection with the natural world. 438 00:48:13,604 --> 00:48:16,564 Yet it's on this connection that the future 439 00:48:16,644 --> 00:48:20,684 of both humanity and the natural world will depend. 440 00:48:21,964 --> 00:48:26,164 It's surely our responsibility to do everything within our power 441 00:48:26,844 --> 00:48:30,604 to create a planet that provides a home not just for us, 442 00:48:31,324 --> 00:48:34,364 but for all life on Earth. 443 00:49:18,204 --> 00:49:19,924 For a wildlife film crew, 444 00:49:20,004 --> 00:49:24,564 working in the urban environment was an altogether different experience. 445 00:49:25,244 --> 00:49:28,364 Two crews set off on two very different missions. 446 00:49:29,124 --> 00:49:31,724 It's Mark and Louis's first time in India. 447 00:49:32,404 --> 00:49:34,404 Passed this moped, and we're not stopping. 448 00:49:34,484 --> 00:49:36,924 We're going. Oh, my God! 449 00:49:37,564 --> 00:49:39,724 Yeah, we're in India. 450 00:49:41,364 --> 00:49:43,084 ATTENBOROUGH: Along with the rest of the team, 451 00:49:43,164 --> 00:49:45,684 they hope to film up close and personal 452 00:49:45,764 --> 00:49:47,924 with the monkeys that have come from the wild 453 00:49:48,004 --> 00:49:50,324 to live in the hustle and bustle of the city. 454 00:49:52,164 --> 00:49:55,804 I can't believe these macaques have left the peace and quiet 455 00:49:55,884 --> 00:49:58,044 for this mayhem, but they're fine here. 456 00:49:58,124 --> 00:50:00,924 In fact, they're probably a bit more comfortable than I am with this noise. 457 00:50:01,004 --> 00:50:02,044 - (CAR HORN HONKING) - Yeah, yeah. 458 00:50:04,164 --> 00:50:06,164 ATTENBOROUGH: And to get into the monkey's world, 459 00:50:06,244 --> 00:50:10,004 Mark will be using a new rig that stabilises the camera 460 00:50:10,084 --> 00:50:12,444 and allows him to get right into the action. 461 00:50:14,684 --> 00:50:17,244 I think Mark and Louis have got a big challenge. 462 00:50:17,324 --> 00:50:20,604 To be, uh, wielding thousands of pounds worth of camera equipment 463 00:50:20,684 --> 00:50:22,324 down at the street level. 464 00:50:22,404 --> 00:50:24,244 (LAUGHS) Rather them than me. 465 00:50:24,924 --> 00:50:26,124 LOUIS: We've got a lady with cauliflowers 466 00:50:26,204 --> 00:50:28,244 passing on your left, Mark. 467 00:50:29,284 --> 00:50:31,044 - MARK: Just pull me aside. - On your left. 468 00:50:31,124 --> 00:50:33,684 I'm more used to a jungle, if I'm honest. 469 00:50:34,324 --> 00:50:36,644 Erm, well, this is a jungle all of its own. 470 00:50:36,724 --> 00:50:38,084 Just with people instead of trees. 471 00:50:38,164 --> 00:50:40,164 (LAUGHING) This really... It's impossible. 472 00:50:41,884 --> 00:50:44,604 ATTENBOROUGH: Seven hundred miles south, in Mumbai, 473 00:50:44,684 --> 00:50:47,284 cameraman Gordon Buchanan will have to take on 474 00:50:47,364 --> 00:50:48,964 a completely different filming approach 475 00:50:49,044 --> 00:50:52,164 if he is to capture an urban leopard hunt. 476 00:50:53,724 --> 00:50:55,084 (GOAT BLEATING) 477 00:50:55,164 --> 00:50:57,724 It's amazing to think that standing here, surrounded by people, 478 00:50:57,804 --> 00:50:59,524 all this, kind of, human activity, 479 00:50:59,604 --> 00:51:02,804 that within half a mile, 480 00:51:02,884 --> 00:51:05,564 maybe even less, there will be leopards. 481 00:51:06,844 --> 00:51:09,844 ATTENBOROUGH: Only glimpses of these cats have been caught on camera, 482 00:51:09,924 --> 00:51:11,404 and just to locate them, 483 00:51:11,484 --> 00:51:13,964 he'll need new infrared camera traps. 484 00:51:14,044 --> 00:51:16,524 Are you happy with the composition? Good. 485 00:51:16,604 --> 00:51:19,444 What about you? Correct shutter speed? 486 00:51:19,524 --> 00:51:20,724 (LAUGHING) 487 00:51:21,164 --> 00:51:26,204 Gordon is hoping that these camera traps will reveal where they're on the prowl. 488 00:51:31,044 --> 00:51:34,484 For the monkey team, finding the animals seems easy... 489 00:51:34,564 --> 00:51:36,364 MARK: Steady now, Rob. Rob, Rob, Rob. 490 00:51:36,444 --> 00:51:39,244 ...but keeping up with them is a different matter. 491 00:51:42,564 --> 00:51:45,324 - He almost stomped on that. - Ooh! 492 00:51:45,404 --> 00:51:46,764 They didn't put that on the hazard assessment. 493 00:51:46,844 --> 00:51:48,684 - WOMAN: They did, as a matter of fact. - A cow in the groin? 494 00:51:48,764 --> 00:51:50,244 - WOMAN: A cow in the groin in there. - (LAUGHS) 495 00:51:50,684 --> 00:51:53,324 MARK: They're much tougher and more granitey 496 00:51:53,404 --> 00:51:55,364 than the monkeys I filmed in the wild. 497 00:51:55,444 --> 00:51:57,044 They're not frightened of us. 498 00:51:57,124 --> 00:51:59,564 They're, erm... I mean, look at this. 499 00:51:59,644 --> 00:52:00,964 (PIG SQUEALS) 500 00:52:01,044 --> 00:52:03,004 He's takin' on pigs, he's takin' on goats, 501 00:52:03,084 --> 00:52:04,124 he's takin' on cows. 502 00:52:04,204 --> 00:52:06,124 He's takin' on me anytime he wants to. 503 00:52:07,244 --> 00:52:08,844 ATTENBOROUGH: But with monkeys this brazen, 504 00:52:08,924 --> 00:52:12,444 Mark is able to follow the troop at street level. 505 00:52:13,004 --> 00:52:14,804 (MACAQUES SCREECHING) 506 00:52:15,044 --> 00:52:18,284 ATTENBOROUGH: To capture their movements in their rooftop world, 507 00:52:18,364 --> 00:52:23,404 they need to run a cable between buildings and fly a camera along it. 508 00:52:24,404 --> 00:52:27,004 And that calls for some inventive rigging. 509 00:52:29,004 --> 00:52:31,644 I've got this soft satsuma here, 510 00:52:32,284 --> 00:52:36,124 and I've got to lob it to the team on the other side, over there. 511 00:52:36,204 --> 00:52:37,884 We're gonna lob it from rooftop to rooftop. 512 00:52:37,964 --> 00:52:41,964 We've made sure there's no one on the rooftops and it's safe to do it. 513 00:52:42,044 --> 00:52:43,124 You ready? 514 00:52:43,764 --> 00:52:44,844 Okay. 515 00:52:49,204 --> 00:52:51,324 Okay, good. That's good. 516 00:52:51,884 --> 00:52:54,324 I got it into the courtyard. So that's perfect. 517 00:52:56,364 --> 00:52:59,324 I think our cable run at the moment is about 60 metres. 518 00:53:00,124 --> 00:53:02,084 And we can travel the whole length, 519 00:53:02,164 --> 00:53:04,884 while panning and tilting and really looking at everything we want to. 520 00:53:04,964 --> 00:53:07,644 It should give us some really dynamic stunning shots. 521 00:53:08,324 --> 00:53:11,364 ATTENBOROUGH: The team is getting an insight at all levels 522 00:53:11,444 --> 00:53:14,364 into the monkeys' mischievous lives. 523 00:53:17,764 --> 00:53:19,524 (MONKEY SHRIEKING) 524 00:53:22,644 --> 00:53:27,324 And are starting to figure out the routes they use to cross the city. 525 00:53:29,084 --> 00:53:30,604 And over the course of weeks, 526 00:53:30,684 --> 00:53:33,844 the macaques become all too familiar with the crew. 527 00:53:34,364 --> 00:53:35,804 MARK: (CHUCKLING) Oh, monkey. 528 00:53:35,884 --> 00:53:37,724 All right, little monkey. All right. 529 00:53:39,724 --> 00:53:41,964 ATTENBOROUGH: They're now fully embedded in the troop, 530 00:53:42,044 --> 00:53:45,044 and Mark is able to film right amongst them. 531 00:53:45,124 --> 00:53:47,084 LOUIS: These guys at the moment are magic. 532 00:53:47,164 --> 00:53:49,004 We've got monkeys behaving naturally. 533 00:53:49,084 --> 00:53:50,404 It's fantastic. 534 00:53:53,484 --> 00:53:56,484 MARK: It's good, Louis. LOUIS: Very nice, too. Very nice. 535 00:53:57,324 --> 00:54:00,364 ATTENBOROUGH: Back in Mumbai, the camera traps are revealing 536 00:54:00,444 --> 00:54:02,564 where the leopards are coming out. 537 00:54:04,804 --> 00:54:08,604 But to stand any chance of capturing them hunting in the city, 538 00:54:08,684 --> 00:54:12,524 Gordon will need to use the latest thermal camera technology. 539 00:54:16,964 --> 00:54:19,364 (DRUMMING AND TRUMPETING) 540 00:54:25,964 --> 00:54:27,084 (FIRE CRACKER EXPLODES) 541 00:54:28,844 --> 00:54:31,284 (WHISPERING) I can't imagine that a leopard's gonna come 542 00:54:31,364 --> 00:54:32,964 with all this going on. 543 00:54:34,524 --> 00:54:38,004 ATTENBOROUGH: Relative silence eventually descends. 544 00:54:38,204 --> 00:54:42,004 Okay, I picked up some movement behind some bushes on the camera. 545 00:54:42,844 --> 00:54:45,044 Just a, sort of, a twinkling of light. 546 00:54:45,124 --> 00:54:46,444 It's something warm-blooded. 547 00:54:48,724 --> 00:54:49,924 Here we go. 548 00:54:52,644 --> 00:54:54,084 A leopard. 549 00:54:54,164 --> 00:54:56,764 You dancer, look at that. 550 00:54:58,684 --> 00:55:00,884 It definitely knows that I'm here. 551 00:55:02,964 --> 00:55:06,364 That's the type of sighting that you'd have to wait for weeks and weeks 552 00:55:06,444 --> 00:55:08,124 to get a leopard that close, 553 00:55:09,124 --> 00:55:11,044 and so airily open. 554 00:55:12,084 --> 00:55:13,484 ATTENBOROUGH: Over the next month, 555 00:55:13,564 --> 00:55:17,004 this camera enables Gordon to see into the darkness, 556 00:55:17,084 --> 00:55:20,924 and be the first person to film an urban leopard hunt. 557 00:55:24,404 --> 00:55:26,284 But it's only at the end of the trip 558 00:55:26,364 --> 00:55:29,044 that he has his most memorable encounter. 559 00:55:29,124 --> 00:55:31,284 BUCHANAN: Look at the size of him. 560 00:55:32,684 --> 00:55:34,964 He's coming up. He's coming up. He's coming up. 561 00:55:38,204 --> 00:55:40,124 My goodness! Look at that. 562 00:55:40,204 --> 00:55:42,564 He's about three metres in front of me. 563 00:55:46,324 --> 00:55:47,644 Hey, there! 564 00:55:54,164 --> 00:55:55,644 (SMACKS LIPS) 565 00:56:13,564 --> 00:56:15,244 My heart is racing. 566 00:56:16,884 --> 00:56:18,164 That was close. 567 00:56:22,044 --> 00:56:24,324 That's the closest I've ever been to a leopard. 568 00:56:29,484 --> 00:56:32,564 It's often the case with urban wildlife 569 00:56:32,644 --> 00:56:35,884 is that it's the presence of human beings 570 00:56:35,964 --> 00:56:39,524 that allows certain animals to do well. 571 00:56:40,804 --> 00:56:43,244 And I suppose it's just incredible 572 00:56:43,644 --> 00:56:46,564 that one of those animals is the leopard. 573 00:56:52,604 --> 00:56:55,044 ATTENBOROUGH: It isn't just Gordon getting an insight 574 00:56:55,124 --> 00:56:59,204 into the surprising wildlife encounters possible in the city. 575 00:57:00,164 --> 00:57:02,764 It's in Jodhpur, filming the langurs, 576 00:57:02,844 --> 00:57:06,404 that the monkey team really see the extraordinary relationship 577 00:57:06,484 --> 00:57:10,164 between humans and animals in Indian cities. 578 00:57:10,244 --> 00:57:12,564 They're so tolerant. They're amazing. 579 00:57:17,364 --> 00:57:20,164 ATTENBOROUGH: And it makes a strong impression on them. 580 00:57:20,244 --> 00:57:21,684 Oh, it's beautiful! 581 00:57:23,244 --> 00:57:24,644 Yeah, that is beautiful. 582 00:57:26,204 --> 00:57:29,124 MARK: I mean, coming to India, this is what you realise 583 00:57:29,484 --> 00:57:32,244 that if you let your wildlife into the city 584 00:57:32,324 --> 00:57:36,484 and you really embrace it, then this is the reward you get. 585 00:57:36,564 --> 00:57:39,884 I mean, this phenomenal connection 586 00:57:39,964 --> 00:57:44,884 with incredible creatures, and that just feels wonderful. 587 00:57:46,204 --> 00:57:48,484 ATTENBOROUGH: It was a surprising revelation 588 00:57:48,564 --> 00:57:51,524 that it was in cities where the film crews 589 00:57:51,604 --> 00:57:56,124 had some of their most extraordinary encounters with wild animals.