1 00:00:06,042 --> 00:00:08,333 - We have to ask ourselves, when was the last time 2 00:00:08,417 --> 00:00:10,708 we talked about race with somebody of another race? 3 00:00:10,792 --> 00:00:13,375 And if the answer is never, we're part of the problem. 4 00:00:13,458 --> 00:00:15,000 - Go home, niggers! 5 00:00:15,083 --> 00:00:17,458 - It's just like a bomb. We're sitting on a bomb. 6 00:00:17,542 --> 00:00:21,083 - You can have a black person killed with a video, 7 00:00:21,167 --> 00:00:22,208 then this is what you will get. 8 00:00:22,292 --> 00:00:23,708 - This is a revolution. 9 00:00:23,792 --> 00:00:25,042 - We've got to increase the peace. 10 00:00:25,125 --> 00:00:26,917 - Knock them all down. 11 00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:28,958 - Should people be frightened? - I think people should wake up. 12 00:00:29,042 --> 00:00:30,250 It's 1991. Wake up. 13 00:00:30,333 --> 00:00:31,958 - We have talked at each other 14 00:00:32,042 --> 00:00:34,250 and about each other for a long time. 15 00:00:34,333 --> 00:00:37,875 It's high time we all began talking with each other. 16 00:00:37,958 --> 00:00:39,708 [together] No justice, no peace. 17 00:00:39,792 --> 00:00:41,875 - Can we all get along? 18 00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:44,917 [light orchestral music] 19 00:00:45,000 --> 00:00:52,125 ♪ ♪ 20 00:00:57,042 --> 00:01:00,000 [music intensifies] 21 00:01:00,083 --> 00:01:07,208 ♪ ♪ 22 00:01:32,542 --> 00:01:34,458 - Thank you. 23 00:01:34,542 --> 00:01:35,917 Bye-bye. 24 00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:37,667 - In about 20 minutes from now, 25 00:01:37,750 --> 00:01:39,417 David Dinkins, who is now Mayor Dinkins, 26 00:01:39,500 --> 00:01:40,792 is scheduled to step out from city hall 27 00:01:40,875 --> 00:01:42,458 to take a public oath of office 28 00:01:42,542 --> 00:01:44,667 and become New York City's 106th mayor 29 00:01:44,750 --> 00:01:46,792 and the city's first African-American mayor. 30 00:01:46,875 --> 00:01:52,083 - I intend to be the mayor of all the people of New York. 31 00:01:52,167 --> 00:01:55,208 - David Dinkins being inaugurated on New Year's Day, 32 00:01:55,292 --> 00:01:58,167 1990, is sort of an auspicious start to the decade 33 00:01:58,250 --> 00:02:00,292 and really the culmination 34 00:02:00,375 --> 00:02:03,250 of some of the civil rights struggles of the 1960s. 35 00:02:03,333 --> 00:02:05,875 People are starting to see tangible benefits 36 00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:07,417 of that struggle. 37 00:02:07,500 --> 00:02:09,458 - A grandson of slaves was sworn in today 38 00:02:09,542 --> 00:02:12,167 as the nation's first elected black governor. 39 00:02:12,250 --> 00:02:13,958 - Did you ever think you'd see the day 40 00:02:14,042 --> 00:02:15,958 when a black man would be elected governor of Virginia? 41 00:02:16,042 --> 00:02:19,125 - No, indeedy. See, I was born in the '30s, 42 00:02:19,208 --> 00:02:21,833 so you know I didn't think nothing like that gonna happen. 43 00:02:21,917 --> 00:02:26,333 - After we saw hundreds of black elected officials, 44 00:02:26,417 --> 00:02:29,583 the reality set in that we made a step, 45 00:02:29,667 --> 00:02:33,292 but we had not gotten all the way to where we wanted. 46 00:02:33,375 --> 00:02:35,042 - In last year's mayoral campaign, 47 00:02:35,125 --> 00:02:36,667 Dinkins ran as the candidate 48 00:02:36,750 --> 00:02:38,875 who would heal New York's deep racial divisions. 49 00:02:38,958 --> 00:02:42,125 Now he finds himself scrambling to keep ahead of a situation 50 00:02:42,208 --> 00:02:44,500 that is becoming highly volatile. 51 00:02:47,875 --> 00:02:50,292 - An angry crowd roamed through the Crown Heights 52 00:02:50,375 --> 00:02:51,917 section of Brooklyn 53 00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:53,875 demanding justice after a motorist, 54 00:02:53,958 --> 00:02:56,667 a Hassidic man, ran a red light and hit two black children, 55 00:02:56,750 --> 00:02:59,000 killing one and critically injuring the other. 56 00:02:59,083 --> 00:03:00,625 A Hassidic student was stabbed 57 00:03:00,708 --> 00:03:02,458 to death hours after the accident. 58 00:03:02,542 --> 00:03:06,375 - For several days, there was rioting, 59 00:03:06,458 --> 00:03:09,625 blacks attacking Jews, 60 00:03:09,708 --> 00:03:11,750 and I got the blame for that. 61 00:03:11,833 --> 00:03:14,958 We've got to increase the peace. 62 00:03:15,042 --> 00:03:16,667 Increase the peace. 63 00:03:16,750 --> 00:03:18,500 - When Mayor Dinkins went to Crown Heights 64 00:03:18,583 --> 00:03:20,167 to try and ease tensions, 65 00:03:20,250 --> 00:03:22,875 he was booed and forced to retreat. 66 00:03:22,958 --> 00:03:25,708 - I think that too often, many black elected officials 67 00:03:25,792 --> 00:03:27,542 have calmed white America 68 00:03:27,625 --> 00:03:29,542 by telling them what they want to hear, 69 00:03:29,625 --> 00:03:31,083 letting them go to bed feeling 70 00:03:31,167 --> 00:03:33,250 everything is cool, and it's not cool. 71 00:03:37,500 --> 00:03:39,042 - There was no one truth. 72 00:03:39,125 --> 00:03:42,167 The blacks, of course, called that a murder. 73 00:03:42,250 --> 00:03:44,542 The Jews called it an accident. 74 00:03:44,625 --> 00:03:49,000 There were two completely different realities. 75 00:03:49,083 --> 00:03:51,000 - David Dinkins was trying to please everybody, 76 00:03:51,083 --> 00:03:52,917 and he was being pulled in all these different directions, 77 00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:55,917 trying to prove that he wasn't just the black mayor. 78 00:03:56,000 --> 00:03:57,792 - Your mayor works for you. - That's not true. 79 00:03:57,875 --> 00:03:59,750 - You've got Commissioner Brown working for you guys. 80 00:03:59,833 --> 00:04:01,833 - Dinkins works for the Jews. - You guys, come on. What? 81 00:04:01,917 --> 00:04:05,500 - Similar tensions are simmering in cities across America. 82 00:04:05,583 --> 00:04:07,458 Legions of young black men and women, 83 00:04:07,542 --> 00:04:09,250 unemployed and losing hope, 84 00:04:09,333 --> 00:04:12,750 believe they have been abandoned by the larger society, 85 00:04:12,833 --> 00:04:14,542 and they are angry. 86 00:04:14,625 --> 00:04:16,250 - New York City is symptomatic of what's happening 87 00:04:16,333 --> 00:04:18,125 in the nation in the early 1990s 88 00:04:18,208 --> 00:04:21,833 in what one writer describes as a "season of racial tension," 89 00:04:21,917 --> 00:04:23,833 and it really is complicated by the fact 90 00:04:23,917 --> 00:04:26,625 that you have African-Americans dealing with stifling poverty 91 00:04:26,708 --> 00:04:28,500 and inequality and police injustice 92 00:04:28,583 --> 00:04:31,083 that's being perpetrated against communities of color. 93 00:04:31,167 --> 00:04:33,875 Rodney King, in 1991, exposed some of that 94 00:04:33,958 --> 00:04:36,417 when his beating is captured on camera. 95 00:04:40,083 --> 00:04:42,875 - In Los Angeles, outrage grows over a videotape 96 00:04:42,958 --> 00:04:44,500 of police beating an unarmed motorist. 97 00:04:44,583 --> 00:04:46,083 - Another explosive case involving 98 00:04:46,167 --> 00:04:47,500 white police officers... 99 00:04:47,583 --> 00:04:49,292 - Beating a man they had just pulled over. 100 00:04:49,375 --> 00:04:51,500 - And an amateur cameraman recorded it all. 101 00:04:51,583 --> 00:04:55,458 - We here in Los Angeles was just struck 102 00:04:55,542 --> 00:04:57,917 by the maliciousness of what we saw, 103 00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:00,708 the inhumane sense of this person 104 00:05:00,792 --> 00:05:04,167 struggling on the ground, being battered repeatedly. 105 00:05:04,250 --> 00:05:06,292 - This is 1991, and things haven't changed 106 00:05:06,375 --> 00:05:08,125 as far as minority is concerned. 107 00:05:08,208 --> 00:05:10,458 If you're black, and you're Mexican, 108 00:05:10,542 --> 00:05:12,583 you're gonna have a problem with law enforcement. 109 00:05:12,667 --> 00:05:15,667 - City officials have received thousands of angry phone calls 110 00:05:15,750 --> 00:05:17,208 from across the United States. 111 00:05:17,292 --> 00:05:18,750 - When the Rodney King video hit, 112 00:05:18,833 --> 00:05:20,208 everybody in the hood was like, 113 00:05:20,292 --> 00:05:22,000 "Okay, finally, they caught them. 114 00:05:22,083 --> 00:05:23,625 What's gonna happen now, 115 00:05:23,708 --> 00:05:26,917 now that they have shown a lynching on TV?" 116 00:05:27,000 --> 00:05:29,125 - Multiple officers from multiple agencies 117 00:05:29,208 --> 00:05:31,500 witnessed this, and not one single officer 118 00:05:31,583 --> 00:05:33,542 that night ever reported that anything had gone wrong. 119 00:05:33,625 --> 00:05:36,125 That, to me, suggests that there's a deeper problem 120 00:05:36,208 --> 00:05:38,000 than just a couple bad apples. 121 00:05:38,083 --> 00:05:41,042 - Another widely publicized incident captured on videotape 122 00:05:41,125 --> 00:05:44,125 has become a focus for ethnic tensions between the black 123 00:05:44,208 --> 00:05:46,125 and Korean communities in Los Angeles. 124 00:05:46,208 --> 00:05:49,958 - Two weeks after the Rodney King video goes worldwide, 125 00:05:50,042 --> 00:05:52,000 a young girl in South Central Los Angeles 126 00:05:52,083 --> 00:05:55,167 walks into a Korean-American owned grocery store 127 00:05:55,250 --> 00:05:56,833 to get a bottle of orange juice. 128 00:05:56,917 --> 00:05:58,958 - The security camera caught the dispute. 129 00:05:59,042 --> 00:06:02,125 Store owner Soon Ja Du thought 15-year-old Latasha Harlins 130 00:06:02,208 --> 00:06:04,708 was going to steal some orange juice. 131 00:06:04,792 --> 00:06:06,542 There was a scuffle. 132 00:06:06,625 --> 00:06:09,083 Harlins struck Du then turned to leave the store. 133 00:06:09,167 --> 00:06:11,500 Du produced a handgun and shot Harlins 134 00:06:11,583 --> 00:06:13,208 in the back of the head. 135 00:06:13,292 --> 00:06:15,292 - That it should come so quickly after King, 136 00:06:15,375 --> 00:06:17,250 and both should be on video, 137 00:06:17,333 --> 00:06:19,042 I think really had the sense for many people of saying, 138 00:06:19,125 --> 00:06:21,333 "Okay, now we finally have evidence 139 00:06:21,417 --> 00:06:23,250 of what we've been complaining about." 140 00:06:23,333 --> 00:06:26,250 - A jury convicted Du of voluntary manslaughter. 141 00:06:26,333 --> 00:06:27,875 Judge Joyce Karlin sentenced 142 00:06:27,958 --> 00:06:29,958 Du to parole and community service 143 00:06:30,042 --> 00:06:31,542 but no jail time. 144 00:06:31,625 --> 00:06:33,000 - She got away with murder. - You can have 145 00:06:33,083 --> 00:06:35,667 a black person killed with a video, 146 00:06:35,750 --> 00:06:38,125 with eyewitnesses, and this is what you will get. 147 00:06:38,208 --> 00:06:40,208 [together] Stop killing our children. 148 00:06:40,292 --> 00:06:41,875 We want justice. 149 00:06:41,958 --> 00:06:43,875 - The case has become a symbol of tensions 150 00:06:43,958 --> 00:06:45,708 between African-Americans 151 00:06:45,792 --> 00:06:47,917 and the Koreans who've become successful merchants 152 00:06:48,000 --> 00:06:50,583 in many of the poorest black neighborhoods. 153 00:06:50,667 --> 00:06:53,458 - South Los Angeles had been kind of abandoned 154 00:06:53,542 --> 00:06:54,958 by a lot of commercial entities. 155 00:06:55,042 --> 00:06:56,500 There weren't many markets, 156 00:06:56,583 --> 00:06:58,917 so liquor stores became, like, the stand-in, 157 00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:00,458 the place that you would go 158 00:07:00,542 --> 00:07:02,500 for cigarettes, diapers, milk, whatever. 159 00:07:02,583 --> 00:07:05,833 - Why don't you open a market that we can use for our family? 160 00:07:05,917 --> 00:07:07,542 - Or go back to Korea. 161 00:07:07,625 --> 00:07:09,500 - ♪ Every time I want to get a fucking brew ♪ 162 00:07:09,583 --> 00:07:11,125 ♪ I got to go down to the store ♪ 163 00:07:11,208 --> 00:07:12,917 ♪ With the two ♪ 164 00:07:13,000 --> 00:07:15,125 ♪ Oriental one-penny counting motherfuckers ♪ 165 00:07:15,208 --> 00:07:16,958 ♪ That make a nigga mad enough to cause a little ruckus ♪ 166 00:07:17,042 --> 00:07:18,875 - Rapper Ice Cube continues to draw heavy fire 167 00:07:18,958 --> 00:07:21,042 for the scabrous lyrics on his new album, 168 00:07:21,125 --> 00:07:22,500 "Death Certificate." 169 00:07:22,583 --> 00:07:23,917 On the album, he threatens to burn down 170 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:25,875 the stores of Korean grocers 171 00:07:25,958 --> 00:07:27,958 if they don't treat black customers with more deference. 172 00:07:28,042 --> 00:07:31,125 - That album was in my headphones for, like, 173 00:07:31,208 --> 00:07:32,792 the whole year. 174 00:07:32,875 --> 00:07:35,208 Cube was reflecting on his experiences with Koreans, 175 00:07:35,292 --> 00:07:38,000 and a lot of Asians didn't have a voice at that time, 176 00:07:38,083 --> 00:07:40,792 so there was no way for us to really talk back. 177 00:07:40,875 --> 00:07:43,792 - ♪ We'll burn your store right down to a crisp ♪ 178 00:07:43,875 --> 00:07:45,708 ♪ And then we'll see you ♪ 179 00:07:45,792 --> 00:07:48,500 ♪ 'Cause you can't turn the ghetto into Black Korea ♪ 180 00:07:48,583 --> 00:07:49,958 - I just tell what's real, you know. 181 00:07:50,042 --> 00:07:53,042 If the truth hurts, say, "Ouch," 182 00:07:53,125 --> 00:07:56,375 but I ain't sorry about it at all. 183 00:08:01,833 --> 00:08:04,417 - Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall has announced 184 00:08:04,500 --> 00:08:06,167 that he will retire. 185 00:08:06,250 --> 00:08:07,917 He was the court's most forceful liberal voice 186 00:08:08,000 --> 00:08:10,208 and the only black in court history. 187 00:08:10,292 --> 00:08:12,667 It is the definitive end of an era. 188 00:08:12,750 --> 00:08:14,667 - Thurgood Marshall was the lawyer 189 00:08:14,750 --> 00:08:17,083 on Brown versus Board of Education. 190 00:08:17,167 --> 00:08:19,208 He was on the Supreme Court 191 00:08:19,292 --> 00:08:21,875 to give a voice to black Americans. 192 00:08:21,958 --> 00:08:24,458 - I kept my word to the American people 193 00:08:24,542 --> 00:08:26,583 and to the Senate by picking the best man 194 00:08:26,667 --> 00:08:29,875 for the job on the merits, and the fact he's minority, 195 00:08:29,958 --> 00:08:31,583 so much the better. 196 00:08:31,667 --> 00:08:34,208 - Judge, what do you say to critics who say the only reason 197 00:08:34,292 --> 00:08:36,375 you're being picked is because you're black? 198 00:08:36,458 --> 00:08:38,292 - I think a lot worse things have been said. 199 00:08:38,375 --> 00:08:41,208 I disagree with that, but I'll have to live with it. 200 00:08:41,292 --> 00:08:43,000 - The Senate is scheduled to vote tomorrow 201 00:08:43,083 --> 00:08:45,042 on the Supreme Court nomination of Clarence Thomas, 202 00:08:45,125 --> 00:08:46,792 but now some lawmakers are concerned 203 00:08:46,875 --> 00:08:49,000 about an accusation of sexual harassment 204 00:08:49,083 --> 00:08:50,417 dating back ten years. 205 00:08:50,500 --> 00:08:52,917 - Anita Hill enters the room now. 206 00:08:53,000 --> 00:08:54,833 - Democrats were gonna challenge 207 00:08:54,917 --> 00:08:57,708 Clarence Thomas on the basis of his conservative views. 208 00:08:57,792 --> 00:08:59,958 His race was not gonna be an issue, 209 00:09:00,042 --> 00:09:01,583 but I think the Anita Hill 210 00:09:01,667 --> 00:09:04,667 allegations brought race back into the picture. 211 00:09:04,750 --> 00:09:07,792 - The Senate Judiciary Committee is meeting to hear evidence 212 00:09:07,875 --> 00:09:10,250 on sexual harassment charges 213 00:09:10,333 --> 00:09:13,375 that have been made against Judge Clarence Thomas. 214 00:09:13,458 --> 00:09:17,458 - He spoke about acts that he had seen in pornographic films 215 00:09:17,542 --> 00:09:20,708 involving such matters as women having sex with animals. 216 00:09:20,792 --> 00:09:23,833 - This seemingly personal matter is being aired out 217 00:09:23,917 --> 00:09:27,583 in front of this jury of all white men, 218 00:09:27,667 --> 00:09:30,542 and it created a spectacle. 219 00:09:30,625 --> 00:09:32,042 - This is a circus, 220 00:09:32,125 --> 00:09:34,292 and from my standpoint as a black American, 221 00:09:34,375 --> 00:09:35,917 as far as I'm concerned, 222 00:09:36,000 --> 00:09:39,167 it is a high-tech lynching for uppity blacks. 223 00:09:39,250 --> 00:09:43,583 - Clarence Thomas decided to fight back by evoking 224 00:09:43,667 --> 00:09:47,042 one of the most painful elements of black history, 225 00:09:47,125 --> 00:09:51,458 which was designed to point out the burden of being black. 226 00:09:51,542 --> 00:09:53,458 - The final count was 52 to 48. 227 00:09:53,542 --> 00:09:55,333 It's the closest successful confirmation 228 00:09:55,417 --> 00:09:57,208 vote in Supreme Court history. 229 00:09:57,292 --> 00:10:00,792 - No matter how difficult or how painful the process has been, 230 00:10:00,875 --> 00:10:04,375 this is a time for healing in our country. 231 00:10:05,250 --> 00:10:06,833 - It's not exactly a rage, 232 00:10:06,917 --> 00:10:09,250 but it's definitely a much-noted trend, 233 00:10:09,333 --> 00:10:11,083 a whole new wave of black films 234 00:10:11,167 --> 00:10:13,917 with black stars by black directors. 235 00:10:14,000 --> 00:10:15,750 Right now in New York, a new black film 236 00:10:15,833 --> 00:10:18,250 is being premiered just about every week, 237 00:10:18,333 --> 00:10:20,500 but among those drawing impressive reviews 238 00:10:20,583 --> 00:10:24,917 is "Boyz n the Hood," directed by 23-year-old John Singleton. 239 00:10:25,000 --> 00:10:27,375 - I really wanted to make a film that was gonna voice 240 00:10:27,458 --> 00:10:29,167 what I had seen growing up 241 00:10:29,250 --> 00:10:31,667 as a young black man in Los Angeles. 242 00:10:31,750 --> 00:10:33,583 The Los Angeles Police Department, 243 00:10:33,667 --> 00:10:36,458 I mean, you know, they were a kind of an occupying force, 244 00:10:36,542 --> 00:10:38,208 and it really became war zone. 245 00:10:38,292 --> 00:10:42,792 - I didn't do nothing. - You think you're tough, huh? 246 00:10:42,875 --> 00:10:44,750 - The four Los Angeles police officers 247 00:10:44,833 --> 00:10:46,417 who appeared in that videotape 248 00:10:46,500 --> 00:10:48,667 of the Rodney King beating went on trial today. 249 00:10:48,750 --> 00:10:50,583 - Defense attorneys, claiming they couldn't 250 00:10:50,667 --> 00:10:52,458 get a fair trial in Los Angeles, 251 00:10:52,542 --> 00:10:54,500 got the case moved to more conservative 252 00:10:54,583 --> 00:10:56,125 neighboring Ventura County. 253 00:10:56,208 --> 00:10:58,500 - It felt like these officers were being sent 254 00:10:58,583 --> 00:11:00,417 to a very friendly venue 255 00:11:00,500 --> 00:11:02,167 and certainly a more friendly venue 256 00:11:02,250 --> 00:11:04,917 than a downtown LA jury would've been. 257 00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:07,542 - The defense picked apart the videotape, 258 00:11:07,625 --> 00:11:09,833 and every image was turned around to say, 259 00:11:09,917 --> 00:11:13,167 "See where King is threatening the police officers?" 260 00:11:13,250 --> 00:11:14,667 And it's not about race. 261 00:11:14,750 --> 00:11:16,167 It is about King resisting. 262 00:11:16,250 --> 00:11:18,917 - You didn't see him to have any weapon, did you? 263 00:11:19,000 --> 00:11:20,542 - Yes, I did see him to have a weapon. 264 00:11:20,625 --> 00:11:22,333 - What kind of a weapon did Mr. King have? 265 00:11:22,417 --> 00:11:23,958 - It was his body. 266 00:11:24,042 --> 00:11:26,750 - We are ready. We are very well prepared 267 00:11:26,833 --> 00:11:29,667 to take care of any eventuality, no matter what it might be. 268 00:11:29,750 --> 00:11:33,042 - All right, the clerk will read the verdicts. 269 00:11:33,125 --> 00:11:36,000 - "We, the jury, find the defendant, Stacey C. 270 00:11:36,083 --> 00:11:38,625 Koon, not guilty of the crime of assault." 271 00:11:38,708 --> 00:11:41,042 - This was a stunning verdict. I don't think many people 272 00:11:41,125 --> 00:11:42,792 were expecting this, certainly not reporters. 273 00:11:42,875 --> 00:11:45,667 - It struck us all with great disgust 274 00:11:45,750 --> 00:11:49,750 because we thought that by those pictures, 275 00:11:49,833 --> 00:11:51,583 even, fair-minded people 276 00:11:51,667 --> 00:11:54,458 would know the injustice of what happened to him. 277 00:11:54,542 --> 00:11:58,042 - There is no justice. There is no justice. 278 00:11:58,125 --> 00:12:00,417 - The first and perhaps most spontaneous reaction 279 00:12:00,500 --> 00:12:02,917 came from "Boyz n the Hood" director John Singleton. 280 00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:04,250 - It's just like a bomb. It's a bomb. 281 00:12:04,333 --> 00:12:06,125 We're sitting on a bomb. 282 00:12:06,208 --> 00:12:08,000 - They let these people off from the attempted murder 283 00:12:08,083 --> 00:12:09,708 of Rodney King; I told everybody. 284 00:12:09,792 --> 00:12:11,500 I'm just like, "Listen, it's gonna go down." 285 00:12:11,583 --> 00:12:14,875 [together] No justice, no peace. No justice, no peace. 286 00:12:14,958 --> 00:12:16,667 - I was at Parker Center, 287 00:12:16,750 --> 00:12:18,208 which was the police headquarters at the time, 288 00:12:18,292 --> 00:12:20,500 when the verdicts were announced. 289 00:12:20,583 --> 00:12:22,167 A crowd began to gather. 290 00:12:22,250 --> 00:12:24,292 It began to turn more and more violent. 291 00:12:24,375 --> 00:12:25,708 [together] Guilty, guilty. 292 00:12:25,792 --> 00:12:27,417 - Parker Center has a glass entrance, 293 00:12:27,500 --> 00:12:29,458 and people were throwing rocks at the doors. 294 00:12:29,542 --> 00:12:31,917 I was inside with the police commissioners, 295 00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:34,333 and they were frantically searching for Gates. 296 00:12:34,417 --> 00:12:35,833 It turned out that Gates was unreachable 297 00:12:35,917 --> 00:12:37,542 because he was at a fund raiser. 298 00:12:37,625 --> 00:12:39,750 - I was standing in front of Parker Center 299 00:12:39,833 --> 00:12:41,792 trying to protect the building, 300 00:12:41,875 --> 00:12:43,500 and my wife called and said, "Are you watching television? 301 00:12:43,583 --> 00:12:45,167 They're beating a guy up 302 00:12:45,250 --> 00:12:46,875 in the middle of Florence and Normandie. 303 00:12:46,958 --> 00:12:48,917 - Terrible, terrible pictures. 304 00:12:49,000 --> 00:12:50,458 - In our living rooms, 305 00:12:50,542 --> 00:12:52,375 we saw in real time Reginald Denny 306 00:12:52,458 --> 00:12:55,083 smashed with a big cement block. 307 00:12:55,167 --> 00:12:57,292 - And there's no police presence down here. 308 00:12:57,375 --> 00:12:59,083 They will not enter the area. 309 00:12:59,167 --> 00:13:01,083 - It sent a message to everybody else 310 00:13:01,167 --> 00:13:02,833 that this is a free-for-all, 311 00:13:02,917 --> 00:13:04,625 there are no police, 312 00:13:04,708 --> 00:13:06,583 there's nobody who's gonna stop you, 313 00:13:06,667 --> 00:13:09,000 and so people poured into the streets, 314 00:13:09,083 --> 00:13:12,500 and the violence spread from that. 315 00:13:12,583 --> 00:13:14,583 [together] No justice, no peace. 316 00:13:14,667 --> 00:13:17,167 - Where's the LAPD? What the hell is going on here? 317 00:13:17,250 --> 00:13:20,125 And once you don't control something like that early on... 318 00:13:20,208 --> 00:13:21,542 [imitates explosion] 319 00:13:21,625 --> 00:13:23,333 It explodes and continues to explode, 320 00:13:23,417 --> 00:13:25,500 and that's what happened here. 321 00:13:31,208 --> 00:13:32,750 - This is America! 322 00:13:32,833 --> 00:13:35,750 - Martin Luther King Jr. said that riots are the language 323 00:13:35,833 --> 00:13:37,833 of the unheard, and in the song 324 00:13:37,917 --> 00:13:39,625 "The Day the Niggaz Took Over," they're saying, 325 00:13:39,708 --> 00:13:41,375 "Look, this is how America gonna hear you. 326 00:13:41,458 --> 00:13:42,917 "We're gonna take this thing over. 327 00:13:43,000 --> 00:13:44,417 "We're gonna put our foot to the pedal, 328 00:13:44,500 --> 00:13:45,917 "and were gonna drive this nation 329 00:13:46,000 --> 00:13:48,083 in the direction we need it to go in." 330 00:13:54,083 --> 00:13:57,208 - Dusk to dawn, citywide curfew is in effect in Los Angeles 331 00:13:57,292 --> 00:13:59,833 at this hour, and still the fires burn. 332 00:13:59,917 --> 00:14:03,583 - I didn't realize personally the extent of the damage 333 00:14:03,667 --> 00:14:07,083 until I went home the next morning, 334 00:14:07,167 --> 00:14:09,708 and I couldn't believe how many buildings were burned. 335 00:14:09,792 --> 00:14:12,333 It was going on all over the city. 336 00:14:12,417 --> 00:14:16,292 - Of 7,000 Korean-owned businesses, 1,700 were ruined. 337 00:14:16,375 --> 00:14:19,583 - Can't people realize what they're doing is wrong? 338 00:14:19,667 --> 00:14:22,292 This is not the way to overcome racism. 339 00:14:22,375 --> 00:14:25,000 - People remembered the Latasha Harlins shooting, 340 00:14:25,083 --> 00:14:26,625 and people said, 341 00:14:26,708 --> 00:14:28,458 "You're the ones who come into our community 342 00:14:28,542 --> 00:14:30,125 "and take our money 343 00:14:30,208 --> 00:14:32,583 and don't give anything back to the community." 344 00:14:32,667 --> 00:14:34,833 Those Korean stores were targeted, 345 00:14:34,917 --> 00:14:38,208 and in some cases, those shop owners were targeted. 346 00:14:38,292 --> 00:14:41,000 - Most Koreans came in the late '70s and early '80s, 347 00:14:41,083 --> 00:14:43,375 so you're still dealing with the first generation of Koreans, 348 00:14:43,458 --> 00:14:46,792 and in Korea, they all have to go through military service, 349 00:14:46,875 --> 00:14:48,625 so they just became weekend commandos. 350 00:14:48,708 --> 00:14:50,417 [gunshot] 351 00:14:50,500 --> 00:14:51,583 - You! 352 00:14:51,667 --> 00:14:53,208 - These Korean shop owners 353 00:14:53,292 --> 00:14:54,958 defended their property with bullets. 354 00:14:55,042 --> 00:14:58,458 - All the gun shops in Koreatown lent out all their guns, 355 00:14:58,542 --> 00:14:59,958 and they just mobilized, 356 00:15:00,042 --> 00:15:01,625 and then the young guys, 357 00:15:01,708 --> 00:15:03,125 they told us to just patrol the streets. 358 00:15:03,208 --> 00:15:04,792 We could make our parents proud, 359 00:15:04,875 --> 00:15:06,917 or we could stick up for our community. 360 00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:10,292 - It turned into the biggest rebellion riot in the history 361 00:15:10,375 --> 00:15:13,417 of the United States of America since the Civil War. 362 00:15:15,958 --> 00:15:18,000 - For the first time since the verdict, 363 00:15:18,083 --> 00:15:20,417 the world heard from Rodney King. 364 00:15:20,500 --> 00:15:23,500 - People, I just--I just want to say, 365 00:15:23,583 --> 00:15:26,708 you know, can we--can we all get along? 366 00:15:26,792 --> 00:15:28,208 Can we--can we get along? 367 00:15:28,292 --> 00:15:30,583 - Rodney King is not a public spokesman. 368 00:15:30,667 --> 00:15:32,417 He's not an activist. 369 00:15:32,500 --> 00:15:34,208 He was a victim of a police beating, 370 00:15:34,292 --> 00:15:35,833 and clearly he didn't know what to say. 371 00:15:35,917 --> 00:15:37,542 I mean, what is there to say? 372 00:15:37,625 --> 00:15:40,167 "You beat the shit out of me, and I'm still alive. 373 00:15:40,250 --> 00:15:42,083 Fuck you." That's what you should say. 374 00:15:42,167 --> 00:15:43,333 But he didn't say that. 375 00:15:43,417 --> 00:15:45,167 He said, "Can we all get along?" 376 00:15:45,250 --> 00:15:48,000 And a lot of people didn't want to get along. 377 00:15:48,083 --> 00:15:50,250 - No justice, no peace. 378 00:16:00,292 --> 00:16:02,333 - The death toll is now up to 43, 379 00:16:02,417 --> 00:16:06,708 equaling the record set by the Detroit riots in 1967. 380 00:16:06,792 --> 00:16:10,250 Now this city tries to recover. 381 00:16:10,333 --> 00:16:12,458 - I grabbed a broom just to sweep 382 00:16:12,542 --> 00:16:14,250 because the ashes were everywhere, 383 00:16:14,333 --> 00:16:16,667 and all the sudden, coming right at me was Channel 9, 384 00:16:16,750 --> 00:16:17,917 and they go, "What are you doing?" 385 00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:19,667 I said, "I'm sweeping. 386 00:16:19,750 --> 00:16:22,125 I don't know what else to do." 387 00:16:22,208 --> 00:16:23,917 Half hour later, there was, like, 388 00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:26,625 3, 5, 12 people with brooms. 389 00:16:26,708 --> 00:16:28,083 "Well, we saw you on the news, man. 390 00:16:28,167 --> 00:16:29,917 We came out to help you." 391 00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:33,250 By 6:00 in the afternoon, there were thousands of people. 392 00:16:33,333 --> 00:16:36,083 - As armed National Guard troops deployed, 393 00:16:36,167 --> 00:16:38,250 these people armed themselves with trash bags 394 00:16:38,333 --> 00:16:40,667 and brooms to begin the overwhelming job 395 00:16:40,750 --> 00:16:42,333 of cleaning up 396 00:16:42,417 --> 00:16:44,208 what's left of their burned-out neighborhood. 397 00:16:44,292 --> 00:16:46,042 - We need to get the youth to understand that there 398 00:16:46,125 --> 00:16:47,958 is another alternative for venting your anguish 399 00:16:48,042 --> 00:16:49,583 and your frustration. 400 00:16:49,667 --> 00:16:51,250 It took three days to destroy it, 401 00:16:51,333 --> 00:16:53,958 and it took three days to clean it up. 402 00:16:54,042 --> 00:16:56,125 I was very proud. 403 00:17:08,167 --> 00:17:11,042 - "And if my survival means your total destruction, 404 00:17:11,125 --> 00:17:12,042 then so be it." 405 00:17:12,125 --> 00:17:13,625 You really feel that? 406 00:17:13,708 --> 00:17:15,500 - Yes, I feel that way, only because that America 407 00:17:15,583 --> 00:17:18,167 is giving black people no other choice. 408 00:17:18,250 --> 00:17:22,042 - Sister Souljah is a rapper, she is an activist, 409 00:17:22,125 --> 00:17:25,875 and she does not sanitize her message for the public. 410 00:17:25,958 --> 00:17:29,167 - We all have to come together and find some common ground-- 411 00:17:29,250 --> 00:17:30,708 - How do you find a common ground 412 00:17:30,792 --> 00:17:33,583 in an all-white United States Senate? 413 00:17:33,667 --> 00:17:35,792 Show me a common ground. - You know, the problem is... 414 00:17:35,875 --> 00:17:37,625 - As she rises in prominence 415 00:17:37,708 --> 00:17:40,208 and becomes much more vocally outspoken, 416 00:17:40,292 --> 00:17:42,292 a number of her statements 417 00:17:42,375 --> 00:17:44,625 are held up of an example 418 00:17:44,708 --> 00:17:47,750 of black hatred of white people. 419 00:17:47,833 --> 00:17:50,625 - Sister Souljah told "The Washington Post" 420 00:17:50,708 --> 00:17:52,583 about a month ago, and I quote, 421 00:17:52,667 --> 00:17:55,917 "If black people kill black people every day, 422 00:17:56,000 --> 00:17:58,167 why not have a week and kill white people?" 423 00:17:58,250 --> 00:17:59,833 - In running for office, 424 00:17:59,917 --> 00:18:01,500 the Democratic candidate, Bill Clinton, 425 00:18:01,583 --> 00:18:04,500 decided to seize on that particular sentence 426 00:18:04,583 --> 00:18:06,167 and pull it out of context. 427 00:18:06,250 --> 00:18:07,917 - If you took the words "white" and "black," 428 00:18:08,000 --> 00:18:10,042 and you reversed them, you might think David Duke 429 00:18:10,125 --> 00:18:11,500 was giving that speech. 430 00:18:11,583 --> 00:18:14,292 - Bill Clinton denounced Sister Souljah 431 00:18:14,375 --> 00:18:16,125 in front of Jesse Jackson, 432 00:18:16,208 --> 00:18:21,708 so he's signaling to whites that he is not a typical liberal. 433 00:18:21,792 --> 00:18:25,000 - I think that Bill Clinton is like a lot of white politicians. 434 00:18:25,083 --> 00:18:27,542 They eat soul food, they party with black women, 435 00:18:27,625 --> 00:18:29,208 they play a saxophone, 436 00:18:29,292 --> 00:18:31,625 but when it comes to domestic and foreign policy, 437 00:18:31,708 --> 00:18:33,167 they make the same decisions 438 00:18:33,250 --> 00:18:36,000 that are destructive to African people 439 00:18:36,083 --> 00:18:38,875 in this country and throughout the world. 440 00:18:38,958 --> 00:18:42,958 - The next President of the United States of America, 441 00:18:43,042 --> 00:18:45,167 Governor Bill Clinton. 442 00:18:45,250 --> 00:18:50,375 - Clinton is the first Democrat to be elected since 1976, 443 00:18:50,458 --> 00:18:52,625 he is a governor from a Southern state, 444 00:18:52,708 --> 00:18:55,542 and he was representing himself as someone 445 00:18:55,625 --> 00:18:58,500 who could speak to the African-American community. 446 00:18:58,583 --> 00:19:02,250 - Our diversity can be a source of strength in a world 447 00:19:02,333 --> 00:19:04,958 that is ever smaller, where everyone counts, 448 00:19:05,042 --> 00:19:07,792 and everyone is a part of America's family. 449 00:19:07,875 --> 00:19:09,292 [cheers and applause] 450 00:19:09,375 --> 00:19:11,458 - It's a new day in America. 451 00:19:11,542 --> 00:19:14,917 - Six women will serve in the new U.S. Senate, 452 00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:16,833 including the first black woman. 453 00:19:16,917 --> 00:19:18,500 - Most women credit Anita Hill 454 00:19:18,583 --> 00:19:20,458 with starting this political movement. 455 00:19:20,542 --> 00:19:22,042 They say the rage they felt 456 00:19:22,125 --> 00:19:23,625 at her treatment by the Senate Judiciary 457 00:19:23,708 --> 00:19:26,333 Committee fueled their campaigns. 458 00:19:26,417 --> 00:19:28,083 - It was a hopeful time 459 00:19:28,167 --> 00:19:31,292 when women began seizing some of these offices. 460 00:19:31,375 --> 00:19:34,083 It sensitized women and minorities to the fact 461 00:19:34,167 --> 00:19:36,875 that our voices have to be heard, 462 00:19:36,958 --> 00:19:39,042 and the real way to have them be heard 463 00:19:39,125 --> 00:19:41,833 is to be holding the reins of power. 464 00:19:41,917 --> 00:19:43,625 - $2.4 million. 465 00:19:43,708 --> 00:19:45,417 That's great box office for a Wednesday, 466 00:19:45,500 --> 00:19:47,208 and that's what opening day crowds paid out 467 00:19:47,292 --> 00:19:49,292 to see "Malcolm X." 468 00:19:49,375 --> 00:19:53,292 - It's hard to miss the phenomenon called Spike Lee. 469 00:19:53,375 --> 00:19:54,792 Spike Lee is a black man 470 00:19:54,875 --> 00:19:57,583 who has reached the top of white culture, 471 00:19:57,667 --> 00:19:59,333 and he's done it his way. 472 00:19:59,417 --> 00:20:02,375 - "Malcolm X" is a really impressive achievement 473 00:20:02,458 --> 00:20:06,333 in terms of not being one of these small, 474 00:20:06,417 --> 00:20:09,167 independent, emergent new voices 475 00:20:09,250 --> 00:20:12,708 connected to hip-hop, but instead a big budget, 476 00:20:12,792 --> 00:20:14,667 3-hour, 20-minute epic 477 00:20:14,750 --> 00:20:17,667 about a very important African-American figure. 478 00:20:17,750 --> 00:20:19,208 - Take three, a mark. 479 00:20:19,292 --> 00:20:21,042 - I asked him if he was ever worried 480 00:20:21,125 --> 00:20:24,208 that the movie would not appeal to a broad audience. 481 00:20:24,292 --> 00:20:26,625 - If it's good enough, people are gonna come. 482 00:20:26,708 --> 00:20:29,500 But the minute black artists start thinking about crossover, 483 00:20:29,583 --> 00:20:34,083 they start diluting the work, watering it down, 484 00:20:34,167 --> 00:20:35,917 and the work suffers. 485 00:20:36,000 --> 00:20:39,917 - When we look at the John Singletons and the Spikes, 486 00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:41,792 all the way across the board, 487 00:20:41,875 --> 00:20:43,292 this became the era 488 00:20:43,375 --> 00:20:47,667 where we took charge of our own culture, 489 00:20:47,750 --> 00:20:49,708 our own cultural icons, 490 00:20:49,792 --> 00:20:51,458 and telling our own stories, 491 00:20:51,542 --> 00:20:55,042 expressed either in music or in theater or in cinema. 492 00:20:55,125 --> 00:20:58,167 - In Los Angeles, one woman is stirring memories 493 00:20:58,250 --> 00:21:00,875 and trying to bring about an understanding of the events 494 00:21:00,958 --> 00:21:04,042 that tore that city apart a little more than a year ago. 495 00:21:04,125 --> 00:21:06,000 Her name is Anna Deavere Smith, 496 00:21:06,083 --> 00:21:09,333 and she has taken the riot and turned it into theater. 497 00:21:09,417 --> 00:21:11,750 - Twilight Bey, that's my name. 498 00:21:11,833 --> 00:21:15,000 - Twilight is one of 26 people Deavere Smith becomes 499 00:21:15,083 --> 00:21:17,125 in this one-woman tour de force. 500 00:21:17,208 --> 00:21:19,583 - Then they said that we was over there looting in Koreatown. 501 00:21:19,667 --> 00:21:22,042 That wasn't us. That was the Mexicans over there. 502 00:21:22,125 --> 00:21:23,708 That wasn't us. 503 00:21:23,792 --> 00:21:25,583 - I thought of the Los Angeles riots as, like, 504 00:21:25,667 --> 00:21:27,292 this explosion of a-- 505 00:21:27,375 --> 00:21:29,250 like a trunk or a house that exploded, 506 00:21:29,333 --> 00:21:31,042 and everything's all over the place. 507 00:21:31,125 --> 00:21:34,000 Then, as an artist, it's this incredible opportunity 508 00:21:34,083 --> 00:21:36,667 to put it together in a way that makes sense. 509 00:21:36,750 --> 00:21:40,292 There are so many different kinds of us, 510 00:21:40,375 --> 00:21:41,708 of Americans now, 511 00:21:41,792 --> 00:21:44,125 with so many different kinds of ideas 512 00:21:44,208 --> 00:21:46,500 about what is just and what is not. 513 00:21:46,583 --> 00:21:48,542 - Whenever you have a volatile period 514 00:21:48,625 --> 00:21:50,375 of racial strife in America, 515 00:21:50,458 --> 00:21:55,083 there's always a big pop culture surge of black voices. 516 00:21:55,167 --> 00:21:57,417 - I'm hopeful and heartened and flattered 517 00:21:57,500 --> 00:21:59,083 that people want to come and see this, 518 00:21:59,167 --> 00:22:01,833 which is about race, which is this big taboo. 519 00:22:01,917 --> 00:22:03,833 It's the uncomfortableness of being different, 520 00:22:03,917 --> 00:22:08,542 and that that is being paid attention to makes me happy. 521 00:22:17,500 --> 00:22:18,833 - Good morning, everyone. 522 00:22:18,917 --> 00:22:20,125 Homicide detectives in Los Angeles 523 00:22:20,208 --> 00:22:21,792 are telling The Associated Press 524 00:22:21,875 --> 00:22:24,333 that O.J. Simpson's arrest is imminent in connection 525 00:22:24,417 --> 00:22:26,958 with the killings of his ex-wife and a friend. 526 00:22:27,042 --> 00:22:30,208 - Today my office filed murder charges 527 00:22:30,292 --> 00:22:34,667 against O.J. Simpson for the deaths 528 00:22:34,750 --> 00:22:37,375 of Nicole Brown Simpson 529 00:22:37,458 --> 00:22:39,292 and Ronald Lyle Goldman. 530 00:22:39,375 --> 00:22:42,250 As of this time, approximately 3:00 p.m., 531 00:22:42,333 --> 00:22:44,167 no one knows where he is. 532 00:22:44,250 --> 00:22:46,667 We thought that the evidence was overwhelming. 533 00:22:46,750 --> 00:22:48,125 There was no doubt. 534 00:22:48,208 --> 00:22:51,208 This is the man who committed the crime. 535 00:22:51,292 --> 00:22:53,167 - You're looking at a live picture right now. 536 00:22:53,250 --> 00:22:55,417 You believe that to be O.J. Simpson down there below you? 537 00:22:55,500 --> 00:22:58,333 - O.J. was a guy who felt like he was above race. 538 00:22:58,417 --> 00:23:00,792 He became the exceptional Hollywood negro. 539 00:23:00,875 --> 00:23:03,042 Had a blonde wife; he lived in Brentwood. 540 00:23:03,125 --> 00:23:05,417 He played the role very well. 541 00:23:05,500 --> 00:23:07,125 - O.J.'s sitting there in the passenger seat 542 00:23:07,208 --> 00:23:09,125 with a gun pointed at his own head. 543 00:23:09,208 --> 00:23:11,208 - If the person that had murdered two 544 00:23:11,292 --> 00:23:12,750 white people was a street thug, 545 00:23:12,833 --> 00:23:14,250 it wouldn't have been a big case, 546 00:23:14,333 --> 00:23:15,833 but it was this kind of icon. 547 00:23:15,917 --> 00:23:17,583 - We understand O.J. is in custody. 548 00:23:17,667 --> 00:23:20,083 - And you don't want to believe 549 00:23:20,167 --> 00:23:22,708 that this kind of person would've done this. 550 00:23:22,792 --> 00:23:25,875 - How do you plead to counts one and two? 551 00:23:25,958 --> 00:23:28,417 - Absolutely, 100% not guilty. 552 00:23:28,500 --> 00:23:31,083 - Legal analysts say Simpson's demeanor was orchestrated 553 00:23:31,167 --> 00:23:32,958 by his newly expanded legal team, 554 00:23:33,042 --> 00:23:35,333 which now includes Johnnie Cochran. 555 00:23:35,417 --> 00:23:38,875 - Johnnie Cochran was a hero to the LA black community 556 00:23:39,000 --> 00:23:41,125 because he had spent decades 557 00:23:41,208 --> 00:23:44,458 exposing police misconduct 558 00:23:44,542 --> 00:23:46,250 in the treatment of African-Americans. 559 00:23:46,333 --> 00:23:49,667 - The eyes of the world are focused here in Los Angeles, 560 00:23:49,750 --> 00:23:53,083 where the much-anticipated murder trial of O.J. Simpson 561 00:23:53,167 --> 00:23:54,833 is about to begin. 562 00:23:54,917 --> 00:23:57,958 - That trail of blood through his own Ford Bronco 563 00:23:58,042 --> 00:24:00,625 and into his house in Rockingham 564 00:24:00,708 --> 00:24:02,625 is devastating proof of his guilt. 565 00:24:02,708 --> 00:24:05,500 - Clark showed the jurors pictures of the death scene, 566 00:24:05,583 --> 00:24:07,417 bloody footprints, the knit cap, 567 00:24:07,500 --> 00:24:09,000 one of the bloody gloves. 568 00:24:09,083 --> 00:24:11,125 - The fact that blood mysteriously appears 569 00:24:11,208 --> 00:24:12,917 on vital pieces of evidence 570 00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:14,625 is devastating evidence 571 00:24:14,708 --> 00:24:17,333 of something far more sinister. 572 00:24:17,417 --> 00:24:19,292 - The notion that the Los Angeles Police Department 573 00:24:19,375 --> 00:24:22,125 would unfairly treat an African-American suspect 574 00:24:22,208 --> 00:24:24,667 in 1994 was far from outlandish, 575 00:24:24,750 --> 00:24:26,792 and no one knew that better than Johnnie Cochran. 576 00:24:26,875 --> 00:24:29,667 - Can you please describe the appearance of the glove, sir? 577 00:24:29,750 --> 00:24:31,417 - A dark leather glove. 578 00:24:31,500 --> 00:24:34,333 It appeared to be somewhat moist or sticky. 579 00:24:34,417 --> 00:24:37,792 - We knew early on that Detective Fuhrman 580 00:24:37,875 --> 00:24:40,417 had issues in his background. 581 00:24:40,500 --> 00:24:42,792 - And you say on your oath that you have not spoken 582 00:24:42,875 --> 00:24:46,167 about black people as niggers in the past ten years? 583 00:24:46,250 --> 00:24:47,708 - That's what I'm saying, sir. 584 00:24:47,792 --> 00:24:50,792 - The O.J. Simpson trial is in chaos tonight, 585 00:24:50,875 --> 00:24:52,375 and today's free-for-all 586 00:24:52,458 --> 00:24:54,750 could very well decide the ultimate outcome. 587 00:24:54,833 --> 00:24:58,833 - The Fuhrman tapes, a ticking time bomb in the Simpson trial, 588 00:24:58,917 --> 00:25:00,583 blew up today. 589 00:25:00,667 --> 00:25:03,792 - It becomes evident late in the trial that Mark Fuhrman 590 00:25:03,875 --> 00:25:06,333 has worked with a LA screenwriter 591 00:25:06,417 --> 00:25:10,833 and made tapes of what police life is like. 592 00:25:13,708 --> 00:25:16,292 - The defense offered 41 examples of Fuhrman 593 00:25:16,375 --> 00:25:17,667 using the word [bleep], 594 00:25:17,750 --> 00:25:19,333 something he swore on the witness 595 00:25:19,417 --> 00:25:21,208 stand he has not done in the last ten years. 596 00:25:21,292 --> 00:25:23,250 - The defense wants desperately to prove that Fuhrman 597 00:25:23,333 --> 00:25:26,292 is capable of manufacturing evidence to bolster their claim 598 00:25:26,375 --> 00:25:28,542 that he planted the bloody glove found 599 00:25:28,625 --> 00:25:30,167 at O.J. Simpson's estate. 600 00:25:30,250 --> 00:25:31,917 - All right, Detective Fuhrman, would you resume 601 00:25:32,000 --> 00:25:33,333 the witness stand please? 602 00:25:33,417 --> 00:25:34,792 - Was the testimony that you gave 603 00:25:34,875 --> 00:25:36,375 at the preliminary hearing 604 00:25:36,458 --> 00:25:40,708 in this case completely truthful? 605 00:25:40,792 --> 00:25:44,542 - I wish to assert my Fifth Amendment privilege. 606 00:25:44,625 --> 00:25:47,250 - The defense tried, successfully, 607 00:25:47,333 --> 00:25:49,833 to turn this case into a referendum 608 00:25:49,917 --> 00:25:53,500 on Mark Fuhrman in particular and the LAPD in general. 609 00:25:53,583 --> 00:25:55,375 - Absolutely no one would've predicted it. 610 00:25:55,458 --> 00:25:57,917 After a trial that has lasted 3/4 of a year, 611 00:25:58,000 --> 00:25:59,625 the jury in the O.J. Simpson trial 612 00:25:59,708 --> 00:26:02,375 has taken less than 4 hours to reach a verdict. 613 00:26:02,458 --> 00:26:04,333 - All right, Mr. Cochran, Mr. Simpson, 614 00:26:04,417 --> 00:26:06,375 would you please stand and face the jury? 615 00:26:06,458 --> 00:26:09,708 - Most people can tell you where they were sitting 616 00:26:09,792 --> 00:26:11,417 when that verdict came down. 617 00:26:11,500 --> 00:26:13,667 - "We, the jury in the above entitled action, 618 00:26:13,750 --> 00:26:16,792 "find the defendant, Orenth--Orenthal James Simpson, 619 00:26:16,875 --> 00:26:19,208 "not guilty of the crime of murder in violation 620 00:26:19,292 --> 00:26:21,792 "of penal code section 187a, 621 00:26:21,875 --> 00:26:24,625 a felony upon Nicole Brown Simpson, a human being." 622 00:26:24,708 --> 00:26:26,375 - Oh, my word. 623 00:26:26,458 --> 00:26:28,375 [cheers and applause] 624 00:26:28,458 --> 00:26:31,833 - The question wasn't whether O.J. was guilty or innocent. 625 00:26:31,917 --> 00:26:33,917 The question was whether 626 00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:38,792 the jury had been convinced beyond a reasonable doubt 627 00:26:38,875 --> 00:26:42,750 that the prosecution had sustained its burden, 628 00:26:42,833 --> 00:26:46,292 and at the end, they decided they had not. 629 00:26:46,375 --> 00:26:48,792 - Nobody is celebrating the fact 630 00:26:48,875 --> 00:26:51,625 that this horrific crime occurred. 631 00:26:51,708 --> 00:26:56,125 They're celebrating what feels like payback 632 00:26:56,208 --> 00:26:59,917 for Rodney King, even for Latasha Harlins, 633 00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:04,625 for a system and for conditions that have just ignored them. 634 00:27:04,708 --> 00:27:09,875 - O.J. is innocent, free as a bird! 635 00:27:09,958 --> 00:27:12,000 - In recent weeks, every one of us 636 00:27:12,083 --> 00:27:16,250 has been made aware of a simple truth. 637 00:27:16,333 --> 00:27:19,292 White Americans and black Americans 638 00:27:19,375 --> 00:27:23,958 often see the same world in drastically different ways, 639 00:27:24,042 --> 00:27:25,958 ways that go beyond 640 00:27:26,042 --> 00:27:28,958 and beneath the Simpson trial and its aftermath, 641 00:27:29,042 --> 00:27:34,667 which brought these perceptions so starkly into the open. 642 00:27:34,750 --> 00:27:37,167 Almost 30 years ago, Dr. Martin Luther 643 00:27:37,250 --> 00:27:41,167 King took his last march in Memphis. 644 00:27:41,250 --> 00:27:43,917 Well, today's march is about black men 645 00:27:44,000 --> 00:27:49,250 taking renewed responsibility for themselves, their families, 646 00:27:49,333 --> 00:27:50,625 and their communities. 647 00:27:50,708 --> 00:27:53,625 - Welcome to the Million Man March! 648 00:27:53,708 --> 00:27:56,500 - There are big goings-on in the nation's capital today. 649 00:27:56,583 --> 00:28:00,833 This is an enormous crowd of black American men 650 00:28:00,917 --> 00:28:03,250 and boys and yes, even some women. 651 00:28:03,333 --> 00:28:06,667 - I remember the power of stepping out of the D.C. 652 00:28:06,750 --> 00:28:09,333 Metro and seeing this sea of faces 653 00:28:09,417 --> 00:28:11,500 of color on the National Mall. 654 00:28:11,583 --> 00:28:15,917 - The Million Man March was called for by Louis Farrakhan, 655 00:28:16,000 --> 00:28:17,792 who is head of the Nation of Islam. 656 00:28:17,875 --> 00:28:21,333 - The basic reason that this was called 657 00:28:21,417 --> 00:28:25,375 was for atonement and reconciliation. 658 00:28:25,458 --> 00:28:27,208 - He's always been a controversial figure 659 00:28:27,292 --> 00:28:29,750 because of his anti-Semitic utterances, 660 00:28:29,833 --> 00:28:32,917 but the march becomes bigger than Louis Farrakhan. 661 00:28:33,000 --> 00:28:34,708 - Why do we march? 662 00:28:34,792 --> 00:28:38,583 Because we are trapped with second-class schools 663 00:28:38,667 --> 00:28:40,750 and first-class jails. 664 00:28:40,833 --> 00:28:43,042 - We've been locked up, we've been brutalized, 665 00:28:43,125 --> 00:28:46,792 and this became the first mass expression 666 00:28:46,875 --> 00:28:48,417 we could make together, 667 00:28:48,500 --> 00:28:50,708 that we need to be regarded and respected 668 00:28:50,792 --> 00:28:52,958 and heal this racial breach. 669 00:28:53,042 --> 00:28:55,542 - We aren't all drug dealers and, you know, 670 00:28:55,625 --> 00:28:57,333 around shooting each other and stuff like that. 671 00:28:57,417 --> 00:29:00,250 We can come together and have a positive message. 672 00:29:00,333 --> 00:29:02,625 - When you start standing with our mothers, 673 00:29:02,708 --> 00:29:04,958 when you stick it out with your families, 674 00:29:05,042 --> 00:29:06,833 when you start mentoring our young, 675 00:29:06,917 --> 00:29:12,250 then we can build a new nation of strong people. 676 00:29:12,333 --> 00:29:14,208 - I had to get out of that whole kind of, 677 00:29:14,292 --> 00:29:15,667 like, time bomb mentality 678 00:29:15,750 --> 00:29:18,000 that growing up in South Central LA 679 00:29:18,083 --> 00:29:21,250 gives you, so I think that the march gave me 680 00:29:21,333 --> 00:29:24,500 a sense of hope that things could get better. 681 00:29:24,583 --> 00:29:27,458 [together] Long live the spirit of the Million Man March. 682 00:29:27,542 --> 00:29:30,042 Long live the spirit of the Million Man March. 683 00:29:38,792 --> 00:29:41,292 [together] Dinkins must go. Dinkins must go. 684 00:29:41,375 --> 00:29:44,500 - It was a show of force on the steps of New York City Hall. 685 00:29:44,583 --> 00:29:48,333 10,000 off-duty cops banded together in protest, 686 00:29:48,417 --> 00:29:52,542 fed up and angry with a city they claim doesn't back them up. 687 00:29:52,625 --> 00:29:54,167 - Knock them all down. 688 00:29:54,250 --> 00:29:55,958 - David Dinkins pisses off the police 689 00:29:56,042 --> 00:29:58,208 because he talks about civilian review boards, 690 00:29:58,292 --> 00:30:01,208 he talks about accountability for police brutality, 691 00:30:01,292 --> 00:30:04,583 and so we see predominantly white police officers 692 00:30:04,667 --> 00:30:08,083 screaming overt racial slurs at the black mayor. 693 00:30:08,167 --> 00:30:11,875 - That kind of language, racial slurs, separate and apart 694 00:30:11,958 --> 00:30:13,958 from the destruction of property and whatnot, 695 00:30:14,042 --> 00:30:17,708 that is why some people have an absence of confidence 696 00:30:17,792 --> 00:30:19,375 in the police department. 697 00:30:19,458 --> 00:30:22,500 - The reason the morale of the police department 698 00:30:22,583 --> 00:30:24,708 is so low is one reason 699 00:30:24,792 --> 00:30:28,833 and one reason alone, David Dinkins. 700 00:30:28,917 --> 00:30:32,333 - In some ways, it was easy to blame David Dinkins for things 701 00:30:32,417 --> 00:30:34,167 that were not his fault, 702 00:30:34,250 --> 00:30:38,542 and along comes Giuliani with his pro-cop stance. 703 00:30:38,625 --> 00:30:41,292 There was an audience for this sort of message, 704 00:30:41,375 --> 00:30:43,000 as there often is. 705 00:30:43,083 --> 00:30:45,458 - Today the New York police are being told 706 00:30:45,542 --> 00:30:47,125 to take a very different tack, 707 00:30:47,208 --> 00:30:49,250 to clean up the neighborhood aggressively, 708 00:30:49,333 --> 00:30:51,583 to visibly improve the quality of life 709 00:30:51,667 --> 00:30:54,083 as a first step in crime reduction. 710 00:30:54,167 --> 00:30:56,583 - It's the broken windows theory, this idea 711 00:30:56,667 --> 00:30:59,292 that there were small quality-of-life crimes, 712 00:30:59,375 --> 00:31:00,917 and if you could stop that, 713 00:31:01,000 --> 00:31:02,750 you would set up a very peaceful 714 00:31:02,833 --> 00:31:04,875 and orderly society, 715 00:31:04,958 --> 00:31:09,000 and that really becomes a process of racial profiling 716 00:31:09,083 --> 00:31:11,958 that disproportionately targeted young black men 717 00:31:12,042 --> 00:31:13,750 as potential criminals. 718 00:31:13,833 --> 00:31:15,958 - We're out there. They have more foot posts out there, 719 00:31:16,042 --> 00:31:18,333 more police officers walking the beat. 720 00:31:18,417 --> 00:31:19,792 - Hi, how are you? - Hi. 721 00:31:19,875 --> 00:31:21,708 - Hello. - If I were to put police 722 00:31:21,792 --> 00:31:23,417 on every corner in America, of course crime would go down. 723 00:31:23,500 --> 00:31:25,250 But the question is, at what cost? 724 00:31:25,333 --> 00:31:27,250 For many black people, it was a sense of community, 725 00:31:27,333 --> 00:31:31,042 a sense of dignity, a sense of respect from law enforcement. 726 00:31:31,125 --> 00:31:34,458 - With a majority of Americans worrying about their quality 727 00:31:34,542 --> 00:31:36,333 of life, in California, 728 00:31:36,417 --> 00:31:40,458 the easygoing tolerance of earlier decades has frayed. 729 00:31:40,542 --> 00:31:42,542 - At the ballot box, what we see in California, 730 00:31:42,625 --> 00:31:44,833 which is sort of the leading edge of this trend, 731 00:31:44,917 --> 00:31:47,792 is a whole number of different types of initiatives 732 00:31:47,875 --> 00:31:51,875 that are meant to further contain communities of color. 733 00:31:51,958 --> 00:31:53,708 - Tens of thousands of Californians 734 00:31:53,792 --> 00:31:55,917 marched through downtown Los Angeles today 735 00:31:56,000 --> 00:31:58,583 to demonstrate against Proposition 187, 736 00:31:58,667 --> 00:32:01,333 which would bar illegal immigrants from public schools, 737 00:32:01,417 --> 00:32:04,542 non-emergency medical services, and welfare rolls. 738 00:32:04,625 --> 00:32:06,375 - We are as American as anybody else, 739 00:32:06,458 --> 00:32:08,250 and we deserve an education. 740 00:32:08,333 --> 00:32:10,917 - Opponents say the emotionally divisive measure plays 741 00:32:11,000 --> 00:32:12,917 on voter prejudice against Latinos, 742 00:32:13,000 --> 00:32:15,167 but supporters say it will help staunch 743 00:32:15,250 --> 00:32:18,167 the flow of illegal immigrants to California. 744 00:32:18,250 --> 00:32:20,750 - It has become the issue in the governor's race. 745 00:32:20,833 --> 00:32:22,917 Pete Wilson is pinning his reelection 746 00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:24,958 hopes on anti-immigrant sentiment. 747 00:32:25,042 --> 00:32:28,583 - We are gonna take back California for the working, 748 00:32:28,667 --> 00:32:31,875 tax-paying families of this state. 749 00:32:31,958 --> 00:32:34,833 - The main undercurrent of all of the different measures 750 00:32:34,917 --> 00:32:38,583 that were being held from 1994 onward dealt with fear, 751 00:32:38,667 --> 00:32:42,417 fear of the other, of an expanding demographic. 752 00:32:42,500 --> 00:32:44,625 - It's that kind of incident that has generated 753 00:32:44,708 --> 00:32:46,208 so much heat in California, 754 00:32:46,292 --> 00:32:47,958 where there's a controversial ballot 755 00:32:48,042 --> 00:32:49,833 measure to end preference for minorities. 756 00:32:49,917 --> 00:32:51,792 - Proposition 209 would end all race 757 00:32:51,875 --> 00:32:54,333 and gender considerations in public education, 758 00:32:54,417 --> 00:32:56,042 government contracts, and hiring. 759 00:32:56,125 --> 00:32:57,917 - You begin to see all these policies 760 00:32:58,000 --> 00:32:59,833 and all these bills against affirmative action 761 00:32:59,917 --> 00:33:01,958 in attempting to address crime, 762 00:33:02,042 --> 00:33:03,500 and all of it feels like 763 00:33:03,583 --> 00:33:05,458 secret agent talk for "black people." 764 00:33:05,542 --> 00:33:10,625 - There have been 376 murders so far this year in Washington, 765 00:33:10,708 --> 00:33:12,333 many of them gang- and drug-related. 766 00:33:12,417 --> 00:33:14,917 - It's another night of gang violence in Los Angeles, 767 00:33:15,000 --> 00:33:16,708 two young men killed. 768 00:33:16,792 --> 00:33:18,958 - In Chicago, eight people murdered since Friday. 769 00:33:19,042 --> 00:33:21,542 Violent crime is an issue that haunts the president 770 00:33:21,625 --> 00:33:25,083 and one he plans to address with new proposals next month. 771 00:33:25,167 --> 00:33:27,542 - You gave me this job, and we're making progress 772 00:33:27,625 --> 00:33:29,125 on the things you hired me to do, 773 00:33:29,208 --> 00:33:31,167 but unless we deal with the ravages 774 00:33:31,250 --> 00:33:32,708 of crime and drug and violence, 775 00:33:32,792 --> 00:33:34,458 none of the other things we seek to do 776 00:33:34,542 --> 00:33:37,042 will ever take us where we need to go. 777 00:33:37,125 --> 00:33:39,958 - The crime bill became lock them up, 778 00:33:40,042 --> 00:33:42,583 throw the key away, three strikes, you're out, 779 00:33:42,667 --> 00:33:44,917 and in their zest to govern, 780 00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:48,833 that "we can stop this," it was an overreach. 781 00:33:48,917 --> 00:33:53,250 - In the bill, the penalties for powdered cocaine 782 00:33:53,333 --> 00:33:55,292 and crack were different. 783 00:33:55,375 --> 00:33:59,292 - Powder cocaine, a drug of choice among mostly middle- 784 00:33:59,375 --> 00:34:00,750 and upper-class abusers. 785 00:34:00,833 --> 00:34:02,500 Crack cocaine, a cheaper, 786 00:34:02,583 --> 00:34:05,292 faster high for it's mostly poor users. 787 00:34:05,375 --> 00:34:08,042 Chemically, the drugs are virtually identical 788 00:34:08,125 --> 00:34:09,917 but not in federal court. 789 00:34:10,000 --> 00:34:13,042 An arrest for 5 grams of crack brings a mandatory 790 00:34:13,125 --> 00:34:15,125 five years in federal prison, 791 00:34:15,208 --> 00:34:17,917 but you get just the same five-year sentence 792 00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:20,875 for 500 grams of powder cocaine. 793 00:34:20,958 --> 00:34:23,042 The law was designed to help clean up 794 00:34:23,125 --> 00:34:24,667 crack-infested communities, 795 00:34:24,750 --> 00:34:27,000 but instead has become another wedge 796 00:34:27,083 --> 00:34:28,917 between blacks and whites. 797 00:34:29,000 --> 00:34:31,625 - All of these absurd laws are putting people in prison 798 00:34:31,708 --> 00:34:33,417 for lengthy terms, 799 00:34:33,500 --> 00:34:36,208 and we all know the imbalances in the way people are imprisoned 800 00:34:36,292 --> 00:34:38,875 and who gets incarcerated for the longer periods of time, 801 00:34:38,958 --> 00:34:40,125 and it's always people of color, 802 00:34:40,208 --> 00:34:42,500 so suddenly you had this massive 803 00:34:42,583 --> 00:34:45,458 group of primarily black men going to prison. 804 00:34:45,542 --> 00:34:49,625 - President Clinton had a political strategy of saying, 805 00:34:49,708 --> 00:34:51,292 "We're gonna be tough on crime, 806 00:34:51,375 --> 00:34:53,917 but we're gonna be socially receptive," 807 00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:57,250 and the Democratic Party started moving to the Right, 808 00:34:57,333 --> 00:35:00,917 playing the racial-political lines. 809 00:35:01,000 --> 00:35:03,625 - Welfare as we know it is now history. 810 00:35:03,708 --> 00:35:05,958 President Clinton today signed the legislation 811 00:35:06,042 --> 00:35:07,667 that ends a government commitment 812 00:35:07,750 --> 00:35:10,042 made 61 years ago of federal aid 813 00:35:10,125 --> 00:35:11,750 to the nation's poorest. 814 00:35:11,833 --> 00:35:13,458 - What ultimately happens is that there 815 00:35:13,542 --> 00:35:15,750 are the unanticipated consequences. 816 00:35:15,833 --> 00:35:18,750 For example, they didn't take into account childcare. 817 00:35:18,833 --> 00:35:20,292 If you're gonna put people back to work, 818 00:35:20,375 --> 00:35:21,792 who's ultimately gonna take care 819 00:35:21,875 --> 00:35:23,417 of the children that are left home? 820 00:35:23,500 --> 00:35:25,083 And it was these questions 821 00:35:25,167 --> 00:35:27,208 that exposed the weakness of the bill. 822 00:35:27,292 --> 00:35:29,417 - I tried to go to work, but I really didn't have childcare, 823 00:35:29,500 --> 00:35:31,292 but I was in school. 824 00:35:31,375 --> 00:35:34,458 I was doing something, not just sitting around doing nothing. 825 00:35:34,542 --> 00:35:35,875 - So you want to work. 826 00:35:35,958 --> 00:35:37,333 - Of course. 827 00:35:37,417 --> 00:35:39,625 - Welfare becomes racialized in a way 828 00:35:39,708 --> 00:35:42,667 in which we begin to hear all of these stereotypes 829 00:35:42,750 --> 00:35:45,333 being trotted out about the lazy, 830 00:35:45,417 --> 00:35:48,083 dependant welfare queens. 831 00:35:48,167 --> 00:35:50,667 There are more white people on welfare at that time 832 00:35:50,750 --> 00:35:53,125 than there were black people, but there was this sense again 833 00:35:53,208 --> 00:35:54,750 that welfare's helping those people, 834 00:35:54,833 --> 00:35:56,708 it's a handout, and we can't do that. 835 00:35:56,792 --> 00:35:59,875 So again, Bill Clinton turns on his base with welfare reform. 836 00:35:59,958 --> 00:36:02,750 - 14 million Americans, mainly black in the cities, 837 00:36:02,833 --> 00:36:04,708 white elsewhere, will be hit. 838 00:36:04,792 --> 00:36:07,667 More than a million children will be thrown into poverty. 839 00:36:07,750 --> 00:36:10,333 - There is a significant story of people 840 00:36:10,417 --> 00:36:13,167 who have fallen below the radar screen, 841 00:36:13,250 --> 00:36:14,917 and people care less and less 842 00:36:15,000 --> 00:36:17,208 about what may actually happen to those people. 843 00:36:17,292 --> 00:36:20,250 - Clinton is an extraordinarily complicated figure, 844 00:36:20,333 --> 00:36:21,708 and his biggest legacies, 845 00:36:21,792 --> 00:36:24,292 the crime bill and welfare reform, 846 00:36:24,375 --> 00:36:27,833 are gonna be disproportionately impacting low-income 847 00:36:27,917 --> 00:36:29,875 African-American communities. 848 00:36:29,958 --> 00:36:32,500 Do I think that he was actively trying to do this? 849 00:36:32,583 --> 00:36:33,875 No. 850 00:36:33,958 --> 00:36:35,250 It was politically expedient, 851 00:36:35,333 --> 00:36:37,000 and it helps him win reelection. 852 00:36:37,083 --> 00:36:40,250 - We have committed this night to continuing our journey 853 00:36:40,333 --> 00:36:42,167 to give the young people here 854 00:36:42,250 --> 00:36:45,708 and those all across America the America they deserve. 855 00:36:54,083 --> 00:36:56,042 - Do you know, do you know, do you know, do you know? 856 00:36:56,125 --> 00:36:58,625 - These Nike sneaker commercials are an example 857 00:36:58,708 --> 00:37:01,458 of just how strong black selling power is. 858 00:37:01,542 --> 00:37:03,708 - ♪ If I could be like Mike ♪ 859 00:37:03,792 --> 00:37:06,458 - Black culture had always been influential, 860 00:37:06,542 --> 00:37:09,750 but culturally speaking, the '90s is really the decade 861 00:37:09,833 --> 00:37:12,750 when black culture is solidified 862 00:37:12,833 --> 00:37:15,250 as the mainstream of American culture, 863 00:37:15,333 --> 00:37:18,375 and you have this sharp rise in black superstars 864 00:37:18,458 --> 00:37:20,750 making movies and music, 865 00:37:20,833 --> 00:37:23,333 from Will Smith to Jay-Z. 866 00:37:23,417 --> 00:37:24,958 - So how did it feel to be number one? 867 00:37:25,042 --> 00:37:26,292 - It's a beautiful thing. 868 00:37:26,375 --> 00:37:27,708 Like, number one in the whole country, 869 00:37:27,792 --> 00:37:29,583 That's a major accomplishment. 870 00:37:29,667 --> 00:37:31,708 - There was a lot of people experiencing success visibly. 871 00:37:31,792 --> 00:37:34,417 - The most prestigious award for literature has gone today 872 00:37:34,500 --> 00:37:36,500 to the American novelist Toni Morrison, 873 00:37:36,583 --> 00:37:38,250 the Nobel Prize. 874 00:37:38,333 --> 00:37:42,083 - I think I'm the first African- American to win the Nobel Prize. 875 00:37:42,167 --> 00:37:43,792 - You are. - And that is astonishing. 876 00:37:43,875 --> 00:37:46,250 - Suddenly, people who we looked to as heroes 877 00:37:46,333 --> 00:37:48,000 and as markers of dignity and grace 878 00:37:48,083 --> 00:37:49,458 and talent and success, 879 00:37:49,542 --> 00:37:51,333 suddenly, America was looking at them too. 880 00:37:51,417 --> 00:37:54,333 This represents a new understanding of diversity, 881 00:37:54,417 --> 00:37:57,333 a new understanding of American possibility. 882 00:37:57,417 --> 00:37:58,958 - Everybody wanted to be like us. 883 00:37:59,042 --> 00:38:00,500 Everybody wanted to talk like us. 884 00:38:00,583 --> 00:38:02,167 Everybody wanted to see our movies. 885 00:38:02,250 --> 00:38:03,458 They wanted to listen to our music. 886 00:38:03,542 --> 00:38:05,208 They wanted to wear our clothes. 887 00:38:05,292 --> 00:38:07,333 And some people felt like we lost that war, 888 00:38:07,417 --> 00:38:09,500 that revolution in the early '60s and the '70s, 889 00:38:09,583 --> 00:38:13,667 but we won the war in pop culture in the '90s. 890 00:38:13,750 --> 00:38:16,000 - Every city has cases of police brutality, 891 00:38:16,083 --> 00:38:18,875 but few are as brutal as the alleged attack 892 00:38:18,958 --> 00:38:22,500 against Haitian immigrant Abner Louima. 893 00:38:22,583 --> 00:38:24,583 - Nearly 2,000 demonstrators 894 00:38:24,667 --> 00:38:26,667 marched on the 70th Precinct yesterday, 895 00:38:26,750 --> 00:38:30,708 where Abner Louima says police beat him and sodomized him. 896 00:38:30,792 --> 00:38:32,458 The attack comes at a time 897 00:38:32,542 --> 00:38:34,375 when New York has gained new respect 898 00:38:34,458 --> 00:38:36,500 for its plummeting crime rate, 899 00:38:36,583 --> 00:38:39,792 but complaints about police misconduct are soaring. 900 00:38:39,875 --> 00:38:42,625 - The plastic cups cover the shell casings 901 00:38:42,708 --> 00:38:44,667 from 41 bullets fired by police 902 00:38:44,750 --> 00:38:47,000 after they confronted Amadou Diallo, 903 00:38:47,083 --> 00:38:49,208 a 22-year-old West African immigrant 904 00:38:49,292 --> 00:38:51,750 who may have been reaching for his keys. 905 00:38:51,833 --> 00:38:53,375 - Amadou, Amadou. 906 00:38:53,458 --> 00:38:56,250 - In many ways, the '90s ends the way it starts, 907 00:38:56,333 --> 00:38:58,958 with a spotlight on violence 908 00:38:59,042 --> 00:39:02,167 against black bodies by law enforcement. 909 00:39:02,250 --> 00:39:04,083 Abner Louima, Amadou Diallo, 910 00:39:04,167 --> 00:39:07,000 two people who did not deserve to be 911 00:39:07,083 --> 00:39:09,000 on the wrong side of state violence, were. 912 00:39:09,083 --> 00:39:10,458 - Justice! - No peace! 913 00:39:10,542 --> 00:39:12,167 - Justice! - No peace! 914 00:39:12,250 --> 00:39:13,708 - In our community, we live with that fear 915 00:39:13,792 --> 00:39:15,333 that it could be one of our brothers 916 00:39:15,417 --> 00:39:17,000 or one of our nephews or one of our sons, 917 00:39:17,083 --> 00:39:19,167 and I just wish everyone could understand. 918 00:39:19,250 --> 00:39:21,792 - Diallo has become a martyr to some, 919 00:39:21,875 --> 00:39:25,708 a symbol of a price paid in New York's war against crime. 920 00:39:25,792 --> 00:39:28,042 Rudolph Giuliani has countered the outrage 921 00:39:28,125 --> 00:39:30,458 with carefully selected statistics... 922 00:39:30,542 --> 00:39:34,958 - Shots fired by police officers has decreased by 50%. 923 00:39:35,042 --> 00:39:37,458 - And steadfast support for the NYPD. 924 00:39:37,542 --> 00:39:38,708 - The New York City Police Department 925 00:39:38,792 --> 00:39:39,958 is the most restrained. 926 00:39:40,042 --> 00:39:41,458 Substantially more restrained. 927 00:39:41,542 --> 00:39:42,750 It's among the most restrained police 928 00:39:42,833 --> 00:39:45,042 departments in the country. 929 00:39:45,125 --> 00:39:47,875 - Many people thought even though times had progressed, 930 00:39:47,958 --> 00:39:49,750 in other ways, some of the images 931 00:39:49,833 --> 00:39:52,750 were not that much different than images people 932 00:39:52,833 --> 00:39:56,000 might've associated with the '50s and '60s. 933 00:39:56,083 --> 00:39:58,042 - We thought maybe we'd gotten past all this stuff, 934 00:39:58,125 --> 00:40:00,750 but it keeps happening, and it was a reminder that 935 00:40:00,833 --> 00:40:02,833 while the '90s represented so much growth, 936 00:40:02,917 --> 00:40:05,583 so much progress, we still had so much further to go. 937 00:40:05,667 --> 00:40:08,500 - In every society, there is a fragile balance 938 00:40:08,583 --> 00:40:10,958 between order and freedom. 939 00:40:11,042 --> 00:40:13,167 In New York these days, a number of blacks 940 00:40:13,250 --> 00:40:15,292 and Hispanics in particular feel 941 00:40:15,375 --> 00:40:17,083 that it's their freedom 942 00:40:17,167 --> 00:40:19,875 which has been sacrificed to achieve order. 943 00:40:20,000 --> 00:40:22,250 They are the ones being stopped, frisked, 944 00:40:22,333 --> 00:40:25,125 sometimes harassed, for no other reason 945 00:40:25,208 --> 00:40:28,750 than that they are black or brown and therefore suspect. 946 00:40:28,833 --> 00:40:32,125 - Although I would not call the '90s the best of times, 947 00:40:32,208 --> 00:40:35,708 the worst of times, I see it as two train tracks 948 00:40:35,792 --> 00:40:39,125 that dangerously went further and further apart. 949 00:40:39,208 --> 00:40:43,208 - It's the time that America lost it's naiveté 950 00:40:43,292 --> 00:40:44,875 and took the veil off 951 00:40:44,958 --> 00:40:48,208 the underlying problems in American society. 952 00:40:48,292 --> 00:40:50,958 - I marched in '63, I marched in '95, 953 00:40:51,042 --> 00:40:52,958 and I'm gonna keep on marching for justice 954 00:40:53,042 --> 00:40:56,000 and an even playing field for all of the American people. 955 00:40:56,083 --> 00:40:58,958 - It was a decade of realignment. 956 00:40:59,042 --> 00:41:00,542 We had some wins. 957 00:41:00,625 --> 00:41:02,292 We had some losses. 958 00:41:02,375 --> 00:41:07,750 But we redefined the collective culture of America. 959 00:41:07,833 --> 00:41:10,042 - In one generation, we have moved from denying 960 00:41:10,125 --> 00:41:12,417 a black man service at a lunch counter 961 00:41:12,500 --> 00:41:14,833 to being a serious contender for the presidency. 962 00:41:14,917 --> 00:41:18,625 - It was a seminal decade that paved the way for change 963 00:41:18,708 --> 00:41:20,833 in a way that maybe no other one did 964 00:41:20,917 --> 00:41:22,750 since the '60s. 965 00:41:22,833 --> 00:41:25,000 - You know, we're a part of a hybrid culture, 966 00:41:25,083 --> 00:41:27,458 and we can't deny that. 967 00:41:27,542 --> 00:41:29,250 So in some ways, 968 00:41:29,333 --> 00:41:32,292 the more obvious bi-racial identity 969 00:41:32,375 --> 00:41:34,500 that I have to affirm, 970 00:41:34,583 --> 00:41:37,083 African-Americans also have to affirm, 971 00:41:37,167 --> 00:41:38,833 and white Americans have to affirm, 972 00:41:38,917 --> 00:41:40,583 because they partake in a hybrid culture. 973 00:41:40,667 --> 00:41:42,292 You know, the truth of the matter is, 974 00:41:42,375 --> 00:41:44,417 is that American culture at this point, 975 00:41:44,500 --> 00:41:45,917 what is truly American, 976 00:41:46,000 --> 00:41:48,500 is black culture to a large degree. 977 00:41:48,583 --> 00:41:50,500 Flip on the television set. 978 00:41:50,583 --> 00:41:52,958 And it's had a profound influence 979 00:41:53,042 --> 00:41:57,833 on this entire nation, and it has to be affirmed.