1 00:00:07,208 --> 00:00:08,833 - A new breeze is blowing, 2 00:00:08,917 --> 00:00:12,625 and a world refreshed by freedom seems reborn. 3 00:00:12,708 --> 00:00:16,333 - A column of tanks is heading towards the Russian parliament. 4 00:00:16,417 --> 00:00:19,292 - There is no place for lawless aggression 5 00:00:19,375 --> 00:00:22,042 in the new world order that we seek to create. 6 00:00:22,125 --> 00:00:25,458 - Unemployment will be growing again by election day. 7 00:00:25,542 --> 00:00:28,583 - I will not sell out to anybody but to the American people. 8 00:00:28,667 --> 00:00:30,333 - I believe with all my heart 9 00:00:30,417 --> 00:00:32,958 that together we can rekindle that American dream. 10 00:00:33,042 --> 00:00:36,083 - The day of the dictator is over. 11 00:00:36,167 --> 00:00:38,417 [explosion] 12 00:00:38,500 --> 00:00:41,458 [dramatic music] 13 00:00:41,542 --> 00:00:48,667 ♪ ♪ 14 00:01:31,833 --> 00:01:33,958 [crowd cheering] 15 00:01:34,042 --> 00:01:36,208 - What more fitting close to 1989 16 00:01:36,292 --> 00:01:39,250 than a party at the Berlin Wall. 17 00:01:39,333 --> 00:01:41,083 Thousands of people have gathered at the wall, 18 00:01:41,167 --> 00:01:43,750 many of them armed with hammers and chisels to chip away 19 00:01:43,833 --> 00:01:45,292 at the remnants of a communist system 20 00:01:45,375 --> 00:01:48,875 that seemed to collapse overnight. 21 00:01:48,958 --> 00:01:50,958 - This enormous celebration, which was spontaneous, 22 00:01:51,042 --> 00:01:53,875 overshadowed the official ceremony attended 23 00:01:53,958 --> 00:01:58,083 by the leaders of both East and West Germany. 24 00:01:58,167 --> 00:02:00,958 - President Bush sent a signal to Mikhail Gorbachev today. 25 00:02:01,042 --> 00:02:03,417 There will be no gloating from the White House 26 00:02:03,500 --> 00:02:05,667 over the developments in East Germany. 27 00:02:05,750 --> 00:02:08,667 I was in the Oval Office as part of a pool 28 00:02:08,750 --> 00:02:10,417 when the wall came down. 29 00:02:10,500 --> 00:02:12,292 You don't seem elated, 30 00:02:12,375 --> 00:02:14,667 and I'm wondering if you're thinking of the problems-- 31 00:02:16,333 --> 00:02:18,250 Bush basically said, in effect, 32 00:02:18,333 --> 00:02:22,167 "I'm not gonna poke Gorbachev in the eye." 33 00:02:22,250 --> 00:02:24,792 - President George H.W. Bush did come into his presidency 34 00:02:24,875 --> 00:02:27,958 in the shadow of Ronald Reagan. 35 00:02:28,042 --> 00:02:31,500 But maybe we had elected the right man at the right time, 36 00:02:31,583 --> 00:02:34,583 because he was an internationalist. 37 00:02:34,667 --> 00:02:36,958 - You had 50 years of the Cold War, 38 00:02:37,042 --> 00:02:39,625 two visions of the world locked in combat, 39 00:02:39,708 --> 00:02:41,292 and then suddenly, 40 00:02:41,375 --> 00:02:45,542 a whole world of totalitarian rule began to fall. 41 00:02:45,625 --> 00:02:48,167 Bush was quite cautious. 42 00:02:48,250 --> 00:02:51,958 He was really aware that even subtle messages 43 00:02:52,042 --> 00:02:55,917 from the United States could indicate all sorts of things. 44 00:02:56,000 --> 00:02:59,333 - When the wall fell in Berlin the questions were numerous. 45 00:02:59,417 --> 00:03:03,750 I mean, right away, what's going to become of Europe? 46 00:03:03,833 --> 00:03:06,125 - Bulgaria's under a state of alert this morning. 47 00:03:06,208 --> 00:03:08,583 Anti-communist protestors set fire to the headquarters 48 00:03:08,667 --> 00:03:11,708 of Bulgaria's governing socialist party and chanted, 49 00:03:11,792 --> 00:03:14,333 "Let the communists burn." 50 00:03:14,417 --> 00:03:16,250 - Tens of thousands of ordinary citizens 51 00:03:16,333 --> 00:03:20,042 stormed the headquarters of the hated secret police tonight. 52 00:03:20,125 --> 00:03:23,917 - The scenes in this moment are incredibly dramatic. 53 00:03:24,000 --> 00:03:27,083 People in the streets, proclaiming freedom. 54 00:03:27,167 --> 00:03:29,750 Some of that was liberation. 55 00:03:29,833 --> 00:03:31,750 Some of it had a darker side. 56 00:03:31,833 --> 00:03:34,750 - Romania's dictator, Nicolae Ceausescu, 57 00:03:34,833 --> 00:03:37,292 the last hardline leader in the Warsaw Pact, 58 00:03:37,375 --> 00:03:40,542 has been deposed by a popular uprising. 59 00:03:40,625 --> 00:03:42,458 - Romania was the most repressive 60 00:03:42,542 --> 00:03:46,583 and the most grotesque of all the East European regimes. 61 00:03:46,667 --> 00:03:48,625 The only way to overthrow this regime 62 00:03:48,708 --> 00:03:50,458 turned out to be by force. 63 00:03:50,542 --> 00:03:53,000 - Fierce fighting erupted in Bucharest. 64 00:03:53,083 --> 00:03:55,958 The old guard is fighting the new people. 65 00:03:56,042 --> 00:03:58,417 All hell has broken loose. 66 00:03:58,500 --> 00:04:00,875 - Romanian television offered graphic evidence today 67 00:04:00,958 --> 00:04:03,292 of the fate of deposed leader Ceausescu. 68 00:04:03,375 --> 00:04:07,875 - The Ceausescus had been made to stand trial on Christmas Day. 69 00:04:07,958 --> 00:04:10,458 [shouting in foreign language] 70 00:04:10,542 --> 00:04:13,333 - In the end he got the kind of justice that he had 71 00:04:13,417 --> 00:04:15,708 dealt out to many of his subjects. 72 00:04:17,875 --> 00:04:19,500 - At the end of this remarkable week, 73 00:04:19,583 --> 00:04:22,083 a week of bloodshed in Romania and elsewhere, 74 00:04:22,167 --> 00:04:24,833 comes a reminder tonight of what this struggle is all about. 75 00:04:24,917 --> 00:04:26,208 It's about freedom. 76 00:04:26,292 --> 00:04:27,958 And the reminder comes from Berlin. 77 00:04:28,042 --> 00:04:30,333 - Germany was not just the symbol of the Cold War. 78 00:04:30,417 --> 00:04:33,542 It was the first great crisis of the Cold War. 79 00:04:33,625 --> 00:04:35,792 - Will Germany be reunified? 80 00:04:35,875 --> 00:04:37,250 Together, of course, they would form 81 00:04:37,333 --> 00:04:39,167 an economic and political power. 82 00:04:39,250 --> 00:04:42,667 But would a giant German state once again dominate Europe? 83 00:04:42,750 --> 00:04:44,875 The memories are very real, of course. 84 00:04:44,958 --> 00:04:48,958 - Many Europeans were very wary of reuniting Germany. 85 00:04:49,042 --> 00:04:50,583 They liked the idea that there were two Germanys 86 00:04:50,667 --> 00:04:53,083 and that Germany was therefore weaker. 87 00:04:53,167 --> 00:04:56,292 - When the European leadership saw the United States 88 00:04:56,375 --> 00:04:57,875 favoring a united Germany, 89 00:04:57,958 --> 00:04:59,958 they were extremely uneasy and resisted it. 90 00:05:00,042 --> 00:05:02,417 All the same, President Bush and Secretary Baker 91 00:05:02,500 --> 00:05:05,583 thought this was essential and it was right. 92 00:05:05,667 --> 00:05:08,750 - We have entered a new era in world affairs, 93 00:05:08,833 --> 00:05:10,833 a moment when the actions we take 94 00:05:10,917 --> 00:05:15,542 can shape this new world for years to come. 95 00:05:15,625 --> 00:05:21,167 - George Bush's goal was to get Germany to unify within NATO. 96 00:05:22,500 --> 00:05:25,125 - The White House, while repeating the basic principle 97 00:05:25,208 --> 00:05:28,125 of German membership of NATO is simply not negotiable, 98 00:05:28,208 --> 00:05:30,167 does appear to be putting a major effort 99 00:05:30,250 --> 00:05:31,958 into addressing Soviet fears 100 00:05:32,042 --> 00:05:35,042 and finding a formula which Mr. Gorbachev can accept. 101 00:05:35,125 --> 00:05:37,125 - George Bush understood that he had a partner 102 00:05:37,208 --> 00:05:39,375 in shaping the post-Cold War world, 103 00:05:39,458 --> 00:05:41,125 and that partner was Mikhail Gorbachev. 104 00:05:41,208 --> 00:05:43,083 But Gorbachev wanted to be neutral. 105 00:05:43,167 --> 00:05:46,333 Bush always wanted a unified Germany, 106 00:05:46,417 --> 00:05:48,208 and in a very disciplined manner, 107 00:05:48,292 --> 00:05:51,375 moved Gorbachev towards that position. 108 00:05:51,458 --> 00:05:52,917 - In a major concession, 109 00:05:53,000 --> 00:05:54,875 Gorbachev agreed to the western position 110 00:05:54,958 --> 00:05:58,542 that a unified Germany is free to join NATO. 111 00:05:58,625 --> 00:06:00,542 - Once you solved the German problem, 112 00:06:00,625 --> 00:06:03,500 you removed the basic source of tension 113 00:06:03,583 --> 00:06:06,083 between the two superpowers in the Cold War. 114 00:06:06,167 --> 00:06:08,542 - This is the big photo opportunity, 115 00:06:08,625 --> 00:06:10,583 the important picture that President Bush 116 00:06:10,667 --> 00:06:12,125 came all this way to get. 117 00:06:12,208 --> 00:06:13,792 At this moment, 118 00:06:13,875 --> 00:06:17,750 Gorbachev chooses to give President Bush his present. 119 00:06:17,833 --> 00:06:21,500 - [laughing] 120 00:06:21,583 --> 00:06:24,625 - The present was a Soviet cartoonist's depiction 121 00:06:24,708 --> 00:06:28,792 of the two presidents as boxers, having just knocked out 122 00:06:28,875 --> 00:06:31,292 the Cold War with the world as referee. 123 00:06:31,375 --> 00:06:33,167 - George Bush and Brent Scowcroft, 124 00:06:33,250 --> 00:06:35,708 who was his National Security Advisor, liked to fish together. 125 00:06:35,792 --> 00:06:39,250 And one summer they were fishing and they were thinking about 126 00:06:39,333 --> 00:06:40,750 what kind of world would emerge 127 00:06:40,833 --> 00:06:43,292 after all the dominoes had fallen. 128 00:06:43,375 --> 00:06:47,417 It's very rare that the world is so fluid and flexible 129 00:06:47,500 --> 00:06:49,667 that world leaders can think this way, 130 00:06:49,750 --> 00:06:53,833 talking about what the world should be, what it could be. 131 00:06:53,917 --> 00:06:57,208 What they imagined was the world that didn't happen 132 00:06:57,292 --> 00:06:58,625 after World War II, 133 00:06:58,708 --> 00:07:00,417 the world of collective security, 134 00:07:00,500 --> 00:07:04,083 of big powers sharing responsibility 135 00:07:04,167 --> 00:07:06,167 for preventing war. 136 00:07:06,250 --> 00:07:08,542 They used the term "New World Order". 137 00:07:08,625 --> 00:07:10,708 How do you achieve it? 138 00:07:16,042 --> 00:07:18,792 [dramatic music] 139 00:07:18,875 --> 00:07:21,583 - Today, in a 45-minute state of the nation speech, 140 00:07:21,667 --> 00:07:24,417 President F.W. De Klerk transformed 30 years 141 00:07:24,500 --> 00:07:26,500 of South African politics. 142 00:07:26,583 --> 00:07:29,208 He promised that its most famous leader, Nelson Mandela, 143 00:07:29,292 --> 00:07:31,542 would soon be free. 144 00:07:31,625 --> 00:07:33,125 - Nelson Mandela is probably 145 00:07:33,208 --> 00:07:35,833 the best known political prisoner in the world. 146 00:07:35,917 --> 00:07:38,708 He's been in prison for decades because of his actions 147 00:07:38,792 --> 00:07:41,708 in leading the armed struggle against Apartheid 148 00:07:41,792 --> 00:07:43,208 in South Africa. 149 00:07:43,292 --> 00:07:45,458 - There's Mr. Mandela, Mr. Nelson Mandela, 150 00:07:45,542 --> 00:07:50,375 a free man taking his first steps into a new South Africa. 151 00:07:50,458 --> 00:07:52,125 - While the world is changing in Europe, 152 00:07:52,208 --> 00:07:54,792 the Apartheid government of South Africa sees 153 00:07:54,875 --> 00:07:56,375 the writing on the wall. 154 00:07:56,458 --> 00:07:58,500 South Africa, which has been a pariah state, 155 00:07:58,583 --> 00:08:01,750 won't be able to continue in the post-Cold War world. 156 00:08:01,833 --> 00:08:04,333 - When he's released from prison, then, it does become 157 00:08:04,417 --> 00:08:08,625 a global moment that signifies one of the earliest indications 158 00:08:08,708 --> 00:08:12,792 that the 1990s is going to be a very different sort of decade. 159 00:08:12,875 --> 00:08:15,958 [crowd chanting] 160 00:08:19,042 --> 00:08:20,250 I greet you all... 161 00:08:20,333 --> 00:08:24,875 in the name of peace... 162 00:08:24,958 --> 00:08:28,042 democracy and freedom for all! 163 00:08:28,125 --> 00:08:31,250 - He becomes a moral beacon around the world 164 00:08:31,333 --> 00:08:34,542 because of the way he handled himself. 165 00:08:34,625 --> 00:08:39,083 So you had this world, this moment in the early '90s 166 00:08:39,167 --> 00:08:42,750 when the peacemakers were in charge. 167 00:08:42,833 --> 00:08:45,792 The stars aligned. 168 00:08:45,875 --> 00:08:48,750 - There has been a dangerous, late-breaking development 169 00:08:48,833 --> 00:08:50,333 in the Persian Gulf. 170 00:08:50,417 --> 00:08:52,417 U.S. intelligence sources confirmed that within 171 00:08:52,500 --> 00:08:56,417 the past few hours, more than a hundred thousand Iraqi troops 172 00:08:56,500 --> 00:08:59,417 have massed along that country's border with Kuwait. 173 00:08:59,500 --> 00:09:03,167 - Saddam Hussein sends a substantial fleet of tanks 174 00:09:03,250 --> 00:09:07,000 and other mechanized forces to the Kuwaiti border. 175 00:09:07,083 --> 00:09:11,750 It's shocking in Washington and in other western capitols. 176 00:09:11,833 --> 00:09:16,000 - Saddam had a million man army, and if he invades Kuwait, 177 00:09:16,083 --> 00:09:19,250 he could very quickly lurch into Saudi Arabia, 178 00:09:19,333 --> 00:09:22,042 and the Saudis would not have been able to resist. 179 00:09:22,125 --> 00:09:24,708 All the oil is on the eastern side of the country, 180 00:09:24,792 --> 00:09:28,917 right there on the border with Iraq. 181 00:09:29,000 --> 00:09:32,208 [man speaking foreign language] 182 00:09:46,458 --> 00:09:49,917 - Iraq invaded and took over its tiny neighbor Kuwait today. 183 00:09:50,000 --> 00:09:51,708 The government of dictator Saddam Hussein 184 00:09:51,792 --> 00:09:55,042 claimed it went in at the invitation of revolutionaries 185 00:09:55,125 --> 00:09:57,667 who had overthrown the Kuwaiti government. 186 00:09:57,750 --> 00:10:00,583 No western authority accepted that story. 187 00:10:00,667 --> 00:10:01,958 - Many Americans... 188 00:10:02,042 --> 00:10:04,125 [translator speaking foreign language] 189 00:10:04,208 --> 00:10:07,208 Are concerned that there may be a war. 190 00:10:07,292 --> 00:10:10,458 - [speaking native language] 191 00:10:11,667 --> 00:10:14,542 translator: What is required of Mr. Bush 192 00:10:14,625 --> 00:10:17,708 to say to the Americans, that he doesn't want war. 193 00:10:17,792 --> 00:10:19,667 - If you had been in a room with Saddam Hussein 194 00:10:19,750 --> 00:10:22,083 and interviewed him for, I think, an hour and 15 minutes, 195 00:10:22,167 --> 00:10:24,333 and then spent another hour and a half with him 196 00:10:24,417 --> 00:10:26,083 after the interview, 197 00:10:26,167 --> 00:10:28,250 I think you would have reached the same conclusion. 198 00:10:28,333 --> 00:10:33,458 No question Saddam Hussein was a stone cold killer. 199 00:10:33,542 --> 00:10:37,583 - This is the opening of the post-Cold War era of history. 200 00:10:37,667 --> 00:10:40,333 If aggression was allowed to stand, 201 00:10:40,417 --> 00:10:42,208 nobody thought it would end there. 202 00:10:42,292 --> 00:10:46,583 - President Bush came of age throughout all those decades 203 00:10:46,667 --> 00:10:48,250 in which there were world wars, 204 00:10:48,333 --> 00:10:50,958 in which there was the West against the Soviets. 205 00:10:51,042 --> 00:10:53,375 He'd been CIA director, ambassador-- 206 00:10:53,458 --> 00:10:55,167 he'd been everything, right? 207 00:10:55,250 --> 00:10:58,417 So he really understood the world and understood the stakes. 208 00:10:58,500 --> 00:11:01,042 But for whatever reason, when Iraq invaded Kuwait, 209 00:11:01,125 --> 00:11:03,708 Saddam Hussein honestly thought that nobody would care 210 00:11:03,792 --> 00:11:05,792 and almost got away with it. 211 00:11:05,875 --> 00:11:07,500 - The first Saturday of the crisis 212 00:11:07,583 --> 00:11:09,125 I got a call on the phone 213 00:11:09,208 --> 00:11:10,958 from Brent Scowcroft, my boss, and he said, 214 00:11:11,042 --> 00:11:13,667 "The President's helicoptering back from Camp David. 215 00:11:13,750 --> 00:11:15,250 "I can't meet him, you have to meet him. 216 00:11:15,333 --> 00:11:17,083 "You have to brief him on the situation. 217 00:11:17,167 --> 00:11:18,542 "There's probably going to be a lot of press there. 218 00:11:18,625 --> 00:11:20,708 I gotta go." [laughing] 219 00:11:22,542 --> 00:11:27,625 The president lands, and I'm out there with my piece of paper... 220 00:11:27,708 --> 00:11:31,167 and... [laughs] He just took the paper, 221 00:11:31,250 --> 00:11:34,625 goes over to the microphone, and that's when he just said... 222 00:11:34,708 --> 00:11:36,333 - This will not stand. 223 00:11:36,417 --> 00:11:40,250 This will not stand, this aggression against Kuwait. 224 00:11:40,333 --> 00:11:41,958 I've got to go. 225 00:11:42,042 --> 00:11:43,417 I have to go to work. [reporters shouting questions] 226 00:11:43,500 --> 00:11:45,083 - It was an unusual sound from him, 227 00:11:45,167 --> 00:11:48,417 but he was firm because he really meant it. 228 00:11:48,500 --> 00:11:49,917 Bush had a moral code. 229 00:11:50,042 --> 00:11:52,042 I think he got it from his prep school, 230 00:11:52,125 --> 00:11:53,625 he got it from his mother, 231 00:11:53,708 --> 00:11:57,000 and Saddam Hussein didn't do the honorable thing-- 232 00:11:57,083 --> 00:12:00,000 he invaded another country. 233 00:12:00,083 --> 00:12:04,083 - From the day the invasion took place, Secretary Baker 234 00:12:04,167 --> 00:12:08,083 led the effort to build a global coalition. 235 00:12:08,167 --> 00:12:11,000 They had two expeditions overseas in which 236 00:12:11,083 --> 00:12:13,542 they were going around from capitol to capitol, 237 00:12:13,625 --> 00:12:15,250 looking for support. 238 00:12:15,333 --> 00:12:17,750 - The United Nations Security Council has authorized 239 00:12:17,833 --> 00:12:19,708 the use of force against Iraq. 240 00:12:19,792 --> 00:12:22,250 - Fourteen votes in favor, 241 00:12:22,333 --> 00:12:25,417 none against, none abstentions. 242 00:12:25,500 --> 00:12:28,042 The draft resolution has been adopted. 243 00:12:28,125 --> 00:12:29,875 - Getting that massive alliance together 244 00:12:29,958 --> 00:12:31,542 truly goes down in history 245 00:12:31,625 --> 00:12:34,167 as one of the greatest accomplishments, I think, 246 00:12:34,250 --> 00:12:36,625 of any president, to be able to get that many people 247 00:12:36,708 --> 00:12:39,333 on your side, believing in the same thing, 248 00:12:39,417 --> 00:12:41,208 and ready to do the same thing. 249 00:12:41,292 --> 00:12:43,417 - What George Bush managed to do in Iraq with that coalition, 250 00:12:43,500 --> 00:12:45,167 in effect, was to create the beginnings 251 00:12:45,250 --> 00:12:47,708 of this new world order, I mean, who could've imagined 252 00:12:47,792 --> 00:12:49,750 the coalition would include the likes of 253 00:12:49,833 --> 00:12:52,792 the Soviet Union, China, and then, of course, 254 00:12:52,875 --> 00:12:54,833 the Middle Eastern states as well, 255 00:12:54,917 --> 00:12:58,875 standing up to one of their own. 256 00:12:58,958 --> 00:13:00,250 - Hundreds of demonstrators gathered 257 00:13:00,333 --> 00:13:02,250 to protest the inevitable. 258 00:13:02,333 --> 00:13:03,917 All but one, that is. 259 00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:05,708 - Bomb Iraq! Bomb Iraq! 260 00:13:05,792 --> 00:13:07,333 - Whenever America goes to war, 261 00:13:07,417 --> 00:13:09,000 there's going to be protests in the streets. 262 00:13:09,083 --> 00:13:10,458 [crowd chanting] 263 00:13:10,542 --> 00:13:12,792 But you needed congressional support, 264 00:13:12,875 --> 00:13:14,875 or you wouldn't have popular support. 265 00:13:14,958 --> 00:13:16,750 - The world looks to the president. 266 00:13:16,833 --> 00:13:18,958 He can play a historic role in leading us 267 00:13:19,042 --> 00:13:22,417 to solve this crisis in a non-violent way. 268 00:13:22,500 --> 00:13:24,958 - Make no mistake about it-- 269 00:13:25,042 --> 00:13:27,833 our vital interests are at stake. 270 00:13:27,917 --> 00:13:30,500 - Bush knew that you had to let that process go forward. 271 00:13:30,583 --> 00:13:32,542 You couldn't just declare war and do it. 272 00:13:32,625 --> 00:13:36,042 - The hope of peace remains in my heart 273 00:13:36,125 --> 00:13:38,917 and the hearts of us all. 274 00:13:39,000 --> 00:13:41,917 But this debate is now about war. 275 00:13:42,000 --> 00:13:44,667 - Massive air power in a matter of days 276 00:13:44,750 --> 00:13:46,625 can bring this villain to his knees! 277 00:13:46,708 --> 00:13:48,958 - Let us stop beating the drums of war. 278 00:13:49,042 --> 00:13:52,333 Let us oppose this march to violence. 279 00:13:52,417 --> 00:13:54,667 - Nowhere is it ordained that the New World Order 280 00:13:54,750 --> 00:13:57,375 must begin with a new World War. 281 00:13:57,458 --> 00:13:59,250 - They had a great national debate, 282 00:13:59,333 --> 00:14:02,458 and the argument for going to war prevailed. 283 00:14:02,542 --> 00:14:05,375 - President Bush said the action by Congress now shows 284 00:14:05,458 --> 00:14:07,500 Saddam Hussein that the United States government 285 00:14:07,583 --> 00:14:10,083 is serious and united in its demand 286 00:14:10,167 --> 00:14:13,417 that Iraq withdraw from Kuwait or face the consequences. 287 00:14:13,500 --> 00:14:15,833 - We've now closed ranks behind a clear signal 288 00:14:15,917 --> 00:14:18,667 of our determination and our resolve to implement 289 00:14:18,750 --> 00:14:21,625 the United Nation's resolutions. 290 00:14:23,958 --> 00:14:28,375 - It is no longer a question of if war starts, but how and when. 291 00:14:39,208 --> 00:14:41,208 [dramatic music] 292 00:14:41,292 --> 00:14:43,208 - Good evening, the headlines at six o'clock. 293 00:14:43,292 --> 00:14:45,625 More than a million troops are tonight facing each other 294 00:14:45,708 --> 00:14:49,208 in the Saudi desert, preparing for war. 295 00:14:49,292 --> 00:14:53,125 ♪ ♪ 296 00:14:53,208 --> 00:14:55,750 - Saddam Hussein warned the United States today 297 00:14:55,833 --> 00:14:57,583 that American troops would, quote, 298 00:14:57,667 --> 00:15:02,167 "Swim in their own blood," if they go to war with Iraq. 299 00:15:02,250 --> 00:15:06,417 - Saddam Hussein started this cruel war against Kuwait. 300 00:15:06,500 --> 00:15:09,458 Tonight the battle has been joined. 301 00:15:09,542 --> 00:15:12,000 ♪ ♪ 302 00:15:12,958 --> 00:15:14,583 - About 50 minutes ago, 303 00:15:14,667 --> 00:15:16,917 American aircraft suddenly descended on Iraq 304 00:15:17,000 --> 00:15:19,000 and occupied Kuwait. 305 00:15:19,083 --> 00:15:21,625 The war in the Persian Gulf has begun. 306 00:15:21,708 --> 00:15:23,667 [explosions] 307 00:15:23,750 --> 00:15:25,625 - Secretary Weinberger, you were credited 308 00:15:25,708 --> 00:15:30,542 with the military build-up which has come to a lot of criticism. 309 00:15:30,625 --> 00:15:32,500 We have to go to Baghdad, Secretary. 310 00:15:32,583 --> 00:15:35,792 Something is happening outside. 311 00:15:35,875 --> 00:15:39,000 The skies over Baghdad have been illuminated. 312 00:15:39,083 --> 00:15:43,375 We're seeing bright flashes going off all over the sky. 313 00:15:43,458 --> 00:15:47,500 We're getting starbursts in the black sky. 314 00:15:47,583 --> 00:15:51,292 - The significance in journalism terms was it was the first time 315 00:15:51,375 --> 00:15:55,583 in which you had extensive live coverage of the war. 316 00:15:55,667 --> 00:15:57,375 [explosions] 317 00:15:57,458 --> 00:16:00,958 - Our office was on the ninth floor of the Al Rasheed Hotel. 318 00:16:01,042 --> 00:16:03,958 We were one of the tallest buildings in Baghdad, 319 00:16:04,042 --> 00:16:06,667 so we knew that whatever was going to happen, 320 00:16:06,750 --> 00:16:09,167 we would be able to see the drama. 321 00:16:09,250 --> 00:16:12,000 - The military offensive overnight has been described 322 00:16:12,083 --> 00:16:15,792 as the largest, the strongest air attack in history. 323 00:16:15,875 --> 00:16:17,625 Just one comment. 324 00:16:17,708 --> 00:16:20,083 Clearly I've never been there, but this feels like 325 00:16:20,167 --> 00:16:23,042 we're in the center of hell. 326 00:16:23,125 --> 00:16:26,125 Saddam Hussein, in an address to the Iraqi people 327 00:16:26,208 --> 00:16:27,708 and the Arab nations said, 328 00:16:27,792 --> 00:16:31,292 "The mother of all wars has started." 329 00:16:31,375 --> 00:16:33,708 We told you earlier in the week 330 00:16:33,792 --> 00:16:35,833 that the Information Ministry had received 331 00:16:35,917 --> 00:16:38,625 its own satellite dish and prior to that 332 00:16:38,708 --> 00:16:40,375 the Foreign Ministry had its. 333 00:16:40,458 --> 00:16:42,125 We've gotta run, somebody's knocking on the door. 334 00:16:42,208 --> 00:16:43,792 John and I are gonna hide. Peter, here. 335 00:16:43,875 --> 00:16:46,167 We opened the door and there were several 336 00:16:46,250 --> 00:16:48,333 armed Iraqi security people. 337 00:16:48,417 --> 00:16:51,250 And one of them could speak sort of broken English, he said, 338 00:16:51,333 --> 00:16:54,208 "What are you doing here? You should be in the bunker." 339 00:16:54,292 --> 00:16:57,000 I just fell to my knees and I said, "I won't go. 340 00:16:57,083 --> 00:16:58,750 I don't care about the danger." 341 00:16:58,833 --> 00:17:01,625 And they looked at me sort of disgustedly and said, 342 00:17:01,708 --> 00:17:03,042 "Huh," and left. 343 00:17:03,125 --> 00:17:04,833 So I got up, closed the door, 344 00:17:04,917 --> 00:17:07,208 my colleagues emerged from hiding, 345 00:17:07,292 --> 00:17:11,042 and we continued coverage for the next 12 hours. 346 00:17:11,125 --> 00:17:17,083 - What is at stake is more than one small country. 347 00:17:17,167 --> 00:17:21,458 It is a big idea, a new world order, 348 00:17:21,542 --> 00:17:26,333 where diverse nations are drawn together in common cause 349 00:17:26,417 --> 00:17:30,667 to achieve the universal aspirations of mankind-- 350 00:17:30,750 --> 00:17:33,500 peace and security, 351 00:17:33,583 --> 00:17:36,292 freedom and the rule of law. 352 00:17:36,375 --> 00:17:38,208 - George Bush was one of the youngest pilots 353 00:17:38,292 --> 00:17:41,083 in the U.S. Navy during the second World War. 354 00:17:41,167 --> 00:17:45,042 He's shot down, survives this heroically, really. 355 00:17:45,125 --> 00:17:47,583 And that experience is so searing for Bush, 356 00:17:47,667 --> 00:17:50,958 the experience of being involved in a global war 357 00:17:51,042 --> 00:17:53,792 between clear good and clear evil. 358 00:17:53,875 --> 00:17:58,583 And so there is a realization that if you can use 359 00:17:58,667 --> 00:18:01,333 overwhelming air power, you're gonna be able to 360 00:18:01,417 --> 00:18:04,292 attrit not only Iraqi military forces, 361 00:18:04,375 --> 00:18:08,042 but you're going to be able to eviscerate Iraq 362 00:18:08,125 --> 00:18:11,125 as a functioning 20th century nation. 363 00:18:14,208 --> 00:18:16,792 - You had 40-plus days of air war. 364 00:18:16,875 --> 00:18:19,833 [explosions] 365 00:18:19,917 --> 00:18:23,417 And ultimately we began to run low on targets. 366 00:18:26,500 --> 00:18:29,958 - President Bush praises Israel's continued restraint 367 00:18:30,042 --> 00:18:32,250 in the face of last night's attack by Iraq 368 00:18:32,333 --> 00:18:36,292 when seven Scud missiles landed on Israel. 369 00:18:36,375 --> 00:18:39,542 - Saddam Hussein tried his damnedest to provoke Israel 370 00:18:39,625 --> 00:18:42,458 into entering this armed conflict, 371 00:18:42,542 --> 00:18:45,500 including sending Scud missiles into Tel Aviv. 372 00:18:45,583 --> 00:18:47,792 - The remains of a house in Tel Aviv are from 373 00:18:47,875 --> 00:18:50,167 this morning's Scud missile attacks. 374 00:18:50,250 --> 00:18:52,583 Eight missiles landed altogether in the Haifa 375 00:18:52,667 --> 00:18:54,792 and Tel Aviv central area. 376 00:18:54,875 --> 00:18:56,875 There was no warning of them. 377 00:18:56,958 --> 00:18:59,125 - It's a very clever ploy by Saddam 378 00:18:59,208 --> 00:19:02,458 to split apart the coalition, 379 00:19:02,542 --> 00:19:06,417 and it took all of the diplomatic wherewithal 380 00:19:06,500 --> 00:19:09,708 of the president to keep Israel out of the war. 381 00:19:09,792 --> 00:19:13,792 - The coalition will give Saddam Hussein 382 00:19:13,875 --> 00:19:15,583 until noon Saturday. 383 00:19:15,667 --> 00:19:17,958 - If he doesn't begin moving his forces, the allied coalition 384 00:19:18,042 --> 00:19:22,375 is on the verge of invading Kuwait and Iraq by land. 385 00:19:22,458 --> 00:19:24,292 - We tried to give him some good advice a few months ago, 386 00:19:24,375 --> 00:19:26,208 we told him, move it or lose it. 387 00:19:26,292 --> 00:19:29,833 They wouldn't move it, now they will lose it. 388 00:19:29,917 --> 00:19:32,042 - Colin Powell, then Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 389 00:19:32,125 --> 00:19:36,458 believed in exerting maximum power on the ground, 390 00:19:36,542 --> 00:19:38,917 so that you wouldn't be fighting a prolonged war, 391 00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:42,583 that this would be quick, decisive. 392 00:19:42,667 --> 00:19:45,917 It became known as the Powell Doctrine. 393 00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:48,083 - The ground war started this morning as the Americans 394 00:19:48,167 --> 00:19:50,583 and their allies attacked with massive firepower 395 00:19:50,667 --> 00:19:52,292 that shook the earth. 396 00:19:52,375 --> 00:19:54,375 - We're about 15 1/2 hours into a ground war 397 00:19:54,458 --> 00:19:57,250 that from all of the sketchy reports we're receiving 398 00:19:57,333 --> 00:19:59,208 is going well. 399 00:19:59,292 --> 00:20:02,792 - So far the offensive is progressing 400 00:20:02,875 --> 00:20:05,083 with dramatic success. 401 00:20:05,167 --> 00:20:07,458 The troops are doing a great job. 402 00:20:07,542 --> 00:20:09,458 But the war is not over yet. 403 00:20:09,542 --> 00:20:11,208 - What are your impressions of Saddam Hussein 404 00:20:11,292 --> 00:20:12,417 as a military strategist? 405 00:20:12,500 --> 00:20:14,417 - [laughs] [laughter] 406 00:20:14,500 --> 00:20:16,375 - Stormin' Norman was out of central casting. 407 00:20:16,458 --> 00:20:18,583 - He is neither a strategist, 408 00:20:18,667 --> 00:20:22,125 nor is he schooled in the operational art, 409 00:20:22,208 --> 00:20:26,417 nor is he a tactician, nor is he a general, 410 00:20:26,500 --> 00:20:28,542 nor is he a soldier. 411 00:20:28,625 --> 00:20:30,667 Other than that, he's a great military man, 412 00:20:30,750 --> 00:20:32,208 I want you to know that. [laughter] 413 00:20:32,292 --> 00:20:34,167 - Big and burly and confident. 414 00:20:34,250 --> 00:20:37,333 When he came in that briefing room, your chest swelled. 415 00:20:37,417 --> 00:20:41,500 It was American military might on parade. 416 00:20:41,583 --> 00:20:43,708 - Schwarzkopf's presence was important. 417 00:20:43,792 --> 00:20:47,250 It was a huge factor on American support for the war. 418 00:20:50,500 --> 00:20:52,750 - The war in the Gulf is virtually over. 419 00:20:52,833 --> 00:20:55,708 Tonight, what may be the final battle of the Gulf War. 420 00:20:55,792 --> 00:20:58,250 - Headlines in Baghdad newspapers screamed, 421 00:20:58,333 --> 00:20:59,500 "Fight Them!" But pictures from southern Kuwait 422 00:20:59,583 --> 00:21:03,167 told a different story. 423 00:21:03,250 --> 00:21:05,833 - The Iraqi army began to emerge from their holes 424 00:21:05,917 --> 00:21:08,375 in the desert to give up. 425 00:21:08,458 --> 00:21:10,250 - Kneel down. 426 00:21:10,333 --> 00:21:12,958 - We knocked out Saddam in a hundred hours. 427 00:21:13,042 --> 00:21:14,625 It was a rout. 428 00:21:14,708 --> 00:21:17,333 - This is sand from the liberated beaches of Kuwait. 429 00:21:17,417 --> 00:21:21,208 - That was a massive success and it showed the world 430 00:21:21,292 --> 00:21:25,125 a huge lesson that this kind of aggression would not stand. 431 00:21:25,208 --> 00:21:29,167 The problem was that they didn't go all the way to Baghdad. 432 00:21:29,250 --> 00:21:32,792 - But that would have been a much bigger military operation, 433 00:21:32,875 --> 00:21:35,750 because what many of the allies had signed on to 434 00:21:35,833 --> 00:21:38,125 was only to liberate Kuwait. 435 00:21:38,208 --> 00:21:43,292 The United States allowed Saddam Hussein to stay in power. 436 00:21:43,375 --> 00:21:45,750 - The message flashed in New York City's Times Square 437 00:21:45,833 --> 00:21:49,042 said it all, "The war in the Gulf has ended." 438 00:21:53,458 --> 00:21:56,542 [cheering] 439 00:21:58,792 --> 00:22:02,042 - Saddam Hussein had bigger-than-life ambitions, 440 00:22:02,125 --> 00:22:04,667 and he was willing to do whatever it took 441 00:22:04,750 --> 00:22:06,958 to stay in power, to exert himself, 442 00:22:07,042 --> 00:22:11,083 to make Iraq the geo-strategic center of the middle east, 443 00:22:11,167 --> 00:22:12,833 and he failed at all of them. 444 00:22:12,917 --> 00:22:14,583 [shouting in native language] 445 00:22:14,667 --> 00:22:17,833 [horns honking] 446 00:22:28,542 --> 00:22:31,083 [dramatic music] 447 00:22:31,167 --> 00:22:33,625 - Demonstrators protesting the Communist Party 448 00:22:33,708 --> 00:22:36,083 marched to the walls of the Kremlin. 449 00:22:36,167 --> 00:22:37,833 All of this keeps the pressure on Gorbachev, 450 00:22:37,917 --> 00:22:41,167 who has promised to accelerate the pace of his reforms. 451 00:22:41,250 --> 00:22:45,875 These people want him to deliver on that promise now. 452 00:22:45,958 --> 00:22:48,083 - Many of the protestors carried the flag 453 00:22:48,167 --> 00:22:50,292 of pre-revolutionary Russia. 454 00:22:50,375 --> 00:22:52,708 - Gorbachev's reforms weren't working. 455 00:22:52,792 --> 00:22:55,375 - Prices for food and energy in Russia will go up 456 00:22:55,458 --> 00:22:57,792 several hundred percent next week. 457 00:22:57,875 --> 00:22:59,500 - Life was becoming harder, 458 00:22:59,583 --> 00:23:01,167 consumer goods harder to find, 459 00:23:01,250 --> 00:23:03,083 food even short at times. 460 00:23:03,167 --> 00:23:05,667 The economic system was breaking down. 461 00:23:05,750 --> 00:23:07,417 - In a country accustomed to shortages, 462 00:23:07,500 --> 00:23:10,583 people are saying they've never had it so bad. 463 00:23:10,667 --> 00:23:13,500 - Hardliners did not like the tone of reforms 464 00:23:13,583 --> 00:23:15,625 introduced by Gorbachev. 465 00:23:15,708 --> 00:23:18,292 - Gorbachev's reforms were meant to restore 466 00:23:18,375 --> 00:23:21,167 and refresh Communism and save the Soviet Union 467 00:23:21,250 --> 00:23:24,167 and actually they had the exact opposite effect. 468 00:23:24,250 --> 00:23:26,167 - You couldn't reform this economic system, 469 00:23:26,250 --> 00:23:27,708 you had to throw it out. 470 00:23:27,792 --> 00:23:30,083 Gorbachev wasn't able or willing to do that. 471 00:23:30,167 --> 00:23:33,333 So, it was a matter of time before the old establishment 472 00:23:33,417 --> 00:23:34,542 were going to try to get rid of him. 473 00:23:34,625 --> 00:23:36,083 - Mr. Gorbachev's message, 474 00:23:36,167 --> 00:23:37,792 calling for national unity, 475 00:23:37,875 --> 00:23:39,792 has fallen on deaf ears. 476 00:23:39,875 --> 00:23:43,708 - It's difficult for outsiders to capture the maelstrom 477 00:23:43,792 --> 00:23:45,542 that Gorbachev was in. 478 00:23:45,625 --> 00:23:47,042 I remember being with him 479 00:23:47,125 --> 00:23:49,000 when I was traveling with President Bush. 480 00:23:49,083 --> 00:23:50,750 He was depleted by just 481 00:23:50,833 --> 00:23:53,542 what he had had to deal with on every level. 482 00:23:53,625 --> 00:23:56,292 - It was a parade that was intended to celebrate 483 00:23:56,375 --> 00:24:00,958 a united and successful Soviet military machine. 484 00:24:01,042 --> 00:24:05,042 But this day comes as the army is losing its role abroad 485 00:24:05,125 --> 00:24:06,625 and its prestige at home, 486 00:24:06,708 --> 00:24:10,375 and tending to blame Mr. Gorbachev. 487 00:24:10,458 --> 00:24:13,917 - I had a call from the mayor of Moscow, 488 00:24:14,000 --> 00:24:16,917 and while we talked about local politics, 489 00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:19,917 he wrote on a sheet of paper that a coup 490 00:24:20,042 --> 00:24:22,542 was being organized against Gorbachev, 491 00:24:22,625 --> 00:24:25,417 and I told Gorbachev that we have information 492 00:24:25,500 --> 00:24:28,125 that President Bush wanted him to know. 493 00:24:28,208 --> 00:24:30,375 A coup is being organized 494 00:24:30,458 --> 00:24:33,333 and could happen at almost any time. 495 00:24:33,417 --> 00:24:35,083 First he sort of laughed and said, 496 00:24:35,167 --> 00:24:37,417 "President Bush has said that we're friends-- 497 00:24:37,500 --> 00:24:39,083 "now he's proved it. 498 00:24:39,167 --> 00:24:41,333 "You did exactly what you should do, but don't worry. 499 00:24:41,417 --> 00:24:42,375 It's not gonna happen." 500 00:24:42,458 --> 00:24:46,083 [upbeat music] 501 00:24:59,625 --> 00:25:03,875 - It was announced on television that Gorbachev was ill 502 00:25:03,958 --> 00:25:09,208 and therefore a committee would take charge until he recovered. 503 00:25:09,292 --> 00:25:11,542 - A column of tanks is reported to be heading towards 504 00:25:11,625 --> 00:25:14,667 the Russian parliament in Moscow where thousands of people 505 00:25:14,750 --> 00:25:17,875 have gathered in defiance of the new Soviet government. 506 00:25:19,708 --> 00:25:21,917 [glass shatters] 507 00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:23,958 - Gorbachev's whereabouts tonight are unknown, 508 00:25:24,042 --> 00:25:25,708 there are some thoughts he's under house arrest. 509 00:25:25,792 --> 00:25:27,667 He's certainly unable to act as he wants to. 510 00:25:27,750 --> 00:25:31,583 - Gorbachev every year liked to holiday on the Black Sea 511 00:25:31,667 --> 00:25:35,500 and his aides showed up at his dacha. 512 00:25:35,583 --> 00:25:40,417 They cut off communications and took away his nuclear codes. 513 00:25:40,500 --> 00:25:42,708 - The KGB chief, the military commander, 514 00:25:42,792 --> 00:25:44,917 the Minister of the Interior and the Prime Minister 515 00:25:45,000 --> 00:25:47,583 joined forces to mount the coup. 516 00:25:47,667 --> 00:25:50,792 translator: Nothing threatens Mr. Gorbachev. 517 00:25:50,875 --> 00:25:52,667 He's in a safe place, 518 00:25:52,750 --> 00:25:56,958 accept that he needs some time to feel better. 519 00:25:57,042 --> 00:25:59,208 - Eduard Shevardnadze warned today 520 00:25:59,292 --> 00:26:02,792 that the right wing coup would have tragic consequences. 521 00:26:02,875 --> 00:26:05,417 translator: It is the beginning of civil war. 522 00:26:05,500 --> 00:26:07,542 - There are scenes of extraordinary drama here 523 00:26:07,625 --> 00:26:09,083 in Moscow tonight. 524 00:26:09,167 --> 00:26:11,750 Scenes of destruction, of fire, 525 00:26:11,833 --> 00:26:14,000 even of blood on the streets. 526 00:26:14,083 --> 00:26:17,417 Four people died, shot or crushed by armored vehicles. 527 00:26:17,500 --> 00:26:20,000 - Amid speculation that Mr. Gorbachev is now being held 528 00:26:20,083 --> 00:26:22,958 in Moscow, at least 50,000 people gathered 529 00:26:23,042 --> 00:26:25,292 at the Russian parliament building. 530 00:26:25,375 --> 00:26:27,208 - Gorbachev wasn't that popular by that point, 531 00:26:27,292 --> 00:26:30,708 but these people were even less popular than Gorbachev. 532 00:26:30,792 --> 00:26:34,208 If they had mounted a coup against Gorbachev in 1989, 533 00:26:34,292 --> 00:26:38,208 or early 1990, he might have fallen and the new Soviet Union 534 00:26:38,292 --> 00:26:39,917 would have been quite different. 535 00:26:40,000 --> 00:26:44,500 But there were already new, legitimate figures 536 00:26:44,583 --> 00:26:46,917 that the Russian people were supporting 537 00:26:47,000 --> 00:26:48,667 and were expecting a lot from. 538 00:26:48,750 --> 00:26:50,375 [chanting in native language] 539 00:26:50,458 --> 00:26:53,417 - Around 50,000 supporters of Boris Yeltsin gathered 540 00:26:53,500 --> 00:26:56,458 to chant their support for the man who's now carrying 541 00:26:56,542 --> 00:26:59,375 the battered banner of liberal reform. 542 00:26:59,458 --> 00:27:02,167 - Boris Yeltsin had been popularly elected 543 00:27:02,250 --> 00:27:05,167 as President of the Russian Federation. 544 00:27:05,250 --> 00:27:07,250 He was emerging as an alternative power 545 00:27:07,333 --> 00:27:09,042 to the Communist party leaders. 546 00:27:09,125 --> 00:27:12,042 - Let me put on my glasses here for a moment and read you 547 00:27:12,125 --> 00:27:15,667 a piece of wire copy that has just come across on Reuter's. 548 00:27:15,750 --> 00:27:20,208 "Russian President Boris Yeltsin ordered all army and KGB units 549 00:27:20,292 --> 00:27:24,000 "involved in the overthrow of Mikhail Gorbachev to stand down 550 00:27:24,083 --> 00:27:27,750 and said he was assuming control on the territory of Russia." 551 00:27:27,833 --> 00:27:31,250 Clearly there is a major confrontation shaping up 552 00:27:31,333 --> 00:27:33,167 in the Russian republic. 553 00:27:33,250 --> 00:27:34,750 - The president's day began 554 00:27:34,833 --> 00:27:36,875 with a succession of meetings and phone calls. 555 00:27:36,958 --> 00:27:40,167 Among his conversations had been one with Boris Yeltsin, 556 00:27:40,250 --> 00:27:43,250 whose status in the White House has risen suddenly to that 557 00:27:43,333 --> 00:27:46,167 of the potential savior of Soviet democracy. 558 00:27:46,250 --> 00:27:49,417 - When the tanks came in, the commander had called Yeltsin 559 00:27:49,500 --> 00:27:52,958 and said, "I'm supposed to attack you but I will not, 560 00:27:53,042 --> 00:27:54,458 I will protect you." 561 00:27:54,542 --> 00:27:56,833 And that's when he stood up on the tank 562 00:27:56,917 --> 00:27:59,458 and indicated to the coup leaders, 563 00:27:59,542 --> 00:28:01,708 "These guys are with me and not with you." 564 00:28:01,792 --> 00:28:05,542 - "It is a coup by criminals," said Yeltsin. 565 00:28:05,625 --> 00:28:07,375 - Because of the liberalization 566 00:28:07,458 --> 00:28:09,167 that Gorbachev had brought about, 567 00:28:09,250 --> 00:28:12,000 the Communist party and the military could no longer 568 00:28:12,083 --> 00:28:13,708 move against the Russian people, 569 00:28:13,792 --> 00:28:16,000 and that was world-shaking. 570 00:28:16,792 --> 00:28:21,458 - Tonight Moscow's skyline was ablaze with celebration-- 571 00:28:21,542 --> 00:28:25,333 relief as the symbols of conflict were removed. 572 00:28:25,417 --> 00:28:27,792 - Gorbachev comes back to Moscow, 573 00:28:27,875 --> 00:28:29,875 but the Soviet institutions, 574 00:28:29,958 --> 00:28:32,792 the totalitarian system of government 575 00:28:32,875 --> 00:28:35,333 that had led this country for 70 years, 576 00:28:35,417 --> 00:28:36,875 collapsed virtually overnight, 577 00:28:36,958 --> 00:28:38,875 and that was an amazing thing to see. 578 00:28:38,958 --> 00:28:40,917 - When Gorbachev saw evidence that his vision 579 00:28:41,000 --> 00:28:44,417 of a free Leninist state wasn't going to come to pass, 580 00:28:44,500 --> 00:28:47,792 rather than cracking down so he could stay in the Kremlin, 581 00:28:47,875 --> 00:28:48,958 he let it happen. 582 00:28:49,042 --> 00:28:50,625 That takes a political courage 583 00:28:50,708 --> 00:28:55,333 that is so unusual in world history. 584 00:28:55,417 --> 00:28:58,000 - You are looking at the Russian flag flying tonight 585 00:28:58,083 --> 00:28:59,542 over the Kremlin. 586 00:28:59,625 --> 00:29:01,458 Just before the Kremlin cameras clicked on today, 587 00:29:01,542 --> 00:29:04,917 Mikhail Gorbachev said to himself, quote, 588 00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:07,208 "When you have to go, you have to go." 589 00:29:07,292 --> 00:29:10,458 He then officially resigned as President of the Soviet Union 590 00:29:10,542 --> 00:29:13,417 and turned over the nuclear codes to the new top man, 591 00:29:13,500 --> 00:29:15,583 Russia's Boris Yeltsin. 592 00:29:16,750 --> 00:29:18,833 translator: Society has been granted its freedom, 593 00:29:18,917 --> 00:29:21,875 has been politically and spiritually unchained, 594 00:29:21,958 --> 00:29:24,042 and that's our biggest achievement. 595 00:29:24,125 --> 00:29:26,083 - There's this saying about a revolution devouring 596 00:29:26,167 --> 00:29:27,625 its own children. 597 00:29:27,708 --> 00:29:30,375 In Russia's case, it devoured its own father, 598 00:29:30,458 --> 00:29:31,833 Gorbachev. 599 00:29:31,917 --> 00:29:34,833 translator: I wish you all all the best. 600 00:29:40,875 --> 00:29:43,458 [dramatic music] 601 00:29:43,542 --> 00:29:46,417 - There are times when you have to wonder why anyone 602 00:29:46,500 --> 00:29:49,000 in his or her right mind would want to be 603 00:29:49,083 --> 00:29:50,917 President of the United States. 604 00:29:51,000 --> 00:29:53,250 Exhibit A, George Bush. 605 00:29:53,333 --> 00:29:55,625 - It's one of the tragedies of the American system 606 00:29:55,708 --> 00:29:58,250 that presidents feel they need to be re-elected 607 00:29:58,333 --> 00:29:59,750 to prove their legacy. 608 00:29:59,833 --> 00:30:01,542 That the first election wasn't a fluke. 609 00:30:01,625 --> 00:30:04,167 - For Republicans, what a difference a year makes. 610 00:30:04,250 --> 00:30:07,792 365 days ago, President Bush's popularity 611 00:30:07,875 --> 00:30:09,417 was at an all-time high. 612 00:30:09,500 --> 00:30:11,458 - After the Gulf War, people believed 613 00:30:11,542 --> 00:30:13,750 we would have four more years, 614 00:30:13,833 --> 00:30:15,792 but the economy was in a recession 615 00:30:15,875 --> 00:30:19,667 and while everyone approved of how he handled the war, 616 00:30:19,750 --> 00:30:22,333 there were concerns about how he handled the economy. 617 00:30:22,417 --> 00:30:24,125 - In Little Rock, Arkansas, 618 00:30:24,208 --> 00:30:26,042 Governor Bill Clinton makes it official. 619 00:30:26,125 --> 00:30:29,125 - Clinton said President Bush is out of touch 620 00:30:29,208 --> 00:30:31,708 with rank and file Americans because he favors the rich 621 00:30:31,792 --> 00:30:33,500 at the expense of the middle class. 622 00:30:33,583 --> 00:30:38,375 - I believe that together we can make America great again. 623 00:30:39,708 --> 00:30:41,583 - Bill Clinton is very formidable, 624 00:30:41,667 --> 00:30:44,083 and he proves early on to understand 625 00:30:44,167 --> 00:30:47,542 the major vulnerability of George H.W. Bush, 626 00:30:47,625 --> 00:30:49,375 and that's the economy. 627 00:30:49,458 --> 00:30:52,375 - And that is why today I proudly announce my candidacy 628 00:30:52,458 --> 00:30:55,083 for President of the United States of America. 629 00:30:55,167 --> 00:30:57,833 - Americans compete for fewer jobs, 630 00:30:57,917 --> 00:30:59,417 and it's a sure bet unemployment 631 00:30:59,500 --> 00:31:01,833 will be growing again by election day. 632 00:31:01,917 --> 00:31:04,083 - 83,000 jobs gone. 633 00:31:04,167 --> 00:31:07,167 - Another 140,000 Americans became unemployed. 634 00:31:07,250 --> 00:31:08,917 - I know the pain up here, 635 00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:12,833 I've heard about the lost homes and the shattered lives. 636 00:31:12,917 --> 00:31:14,625 We had won the Cold War, and I thought 637 00:31:14,708 --> 00:31:18,125 instead of putting all these countries abroad first, 638 00:31:18,208 --> 00:31:21,458 it was time that we started looking out for our own country 639 00:31:21,542 --> 00:31:23,000 and our own people. 640 00:31:23,083 --> 00:31:25,500 All of these things led me to believe that 641 00:31:25,583 --> 00:31:27,583 if nobody's going to do it, I think I might. 642 00:31:27,667 --> 00:31:30,750 As we were yesterday, and we are tomorrow. 643 00:31:30,833 --> 00:31:33,875 And so, I am declaring my candidacy for 644 00:31:33,958 --> 00:31:37,250 the Republication nomination for President of the United States. 645 00:31:37,333 --> 00:31:38,917 [cheering and whistling] 646 00:31:39,000 --> 00:31:41,458 - Pat Buchanan is a super-smart, super-ideological guy 647 00:31:41,542 --> 00:31:43,250 who worked in the Nixon administration 648 00:31:43,333 --> 00:31:45,208 and was pushing Nixon to the right. 649 00:31:45,292 --> 00:31:47,333 - America first! Pat in '92! 650 00:31:47,417 --> 00:31:50,458 - Pat Buchanan becomes George Bush's worst nightmare. 651 00:31:50,542 --> 00:31:52,167 - Hi, how you doing? 652 00:31:52,250 --> 00:31:53,667 - He starts talking to the American people 653 00:31:53,750 --> 00:31:56,250 who are feeling a little unsure 654 00:31:56,333 --> 00:31:58,833 as the Reagan prosperity engine sputters. 655 00:31:58,917 --> 00:32:01,250 - All those who are with us can come on in! 656 00:32:01,333 --> 00:32:02,750 While George Bush was an excellent 657 00:32:02,833 --> 00:32:04,750 foreign policy president, 658 00:32:04,833 --> 00:32:06,583 he was not a good politician. 659 00:32:06,667 --> 00:32:08,667 - No, yeah, to get to that. 660 00:32:08,750 --> 00:32:10,250 - "Let me quote the words of one Arab leader, 661 00:32:10,333 --> 00:32:11,875 Saddam Hussein, himself." 662 00:32:11,958 --> 00:32:13,500 - And then I pick this up or take it out of my pocket? 663 00:32:13,583 --> 00:32:14,958 - That's what I want to find... 664 00:32:15,042 --> 00:32:16,667 if you take it out of your pocket 665 00:32:16,750 --> 00:32:18,500 then you got to have your coat open, to do that? 666 00:32:18,583 --> 00:32:20,417 - George Bush was a little bit awkward. 667 00:32:20,500 --> 00:32:22,625 It was like he was pretending to be a politician. 668 00:32:22,708 --> 00:32:25,583 He did not look forward to the '92 election. 669 00:32:25,667 --> 00:32:27,958 - To deflect public criticism of his foreign travels, 670 00:32:28,042 --> 00:32:30,167 the President said his trip to Japan 671 00:32:30,250 --> 00:32:32,458 was about jobs, jobs, jobs. 672 00:32:32,542 --> 00:32:35,875 The result was hardly what his image makers hoped for. 673 00:32:35,958 --> 00:32:37,875 - The lone camera in the dining room was locked in 674 00:32:37,958 --> 00:32:40,042 on the head table when President Bush 675 00:32:40,125 --> 00:32:42,792 was overcome by nausea and fell forward. 676 00:32:42,875 --> 00:32:46,083 It appears he lost consciousness as he toppled over 677 00:32:46,167 --> 00:32:49,750 onto his host, Prime Minister Miyazawa. 678 00:32:49,833 --> 00:32:52,500 - This man, who had overseen the soft landing 679 00:32:52,583 --> 00:32:55,083 of the Cold War, who had been Commander-in-Chief 680 00:32:55,167 --> 00:32:58,542 for a brilliant victory against Iraq, 681 00:32:58,625 --> 00:33:00,583 would be viewed as a weak leader. 682 00:33:00,667 --> 00:33:04,458 He vomited into the lap of the Japanese Prime Minister, 683 00:33:04,542 --> 00:33:07,000 and it was caught on tape. 684 00:33:07,083 --> 00:33:08,708 The timing, the optics, 685 00:33:08,792 --> 00:33:10,667 it couldn't have been worse, and he knew it. 686 00:33:10,750 --> 00:33:12,500 The primaries were about to begin. 687 00:33:12,583 --> 00:33:16,417 - When I get the flu, I do it in a very dramatic-- 688 00:33:16,500 --> 00:33:17,583 [crowd laughs] 689 00:33:17,667 --> 00:33:21,125 Dramatic way, but, uh... 690 00:33:21,208 --> 00:33:23,333 It was so embarrassing. 691 00:33:24,250 --> 00:33:28,583 - This is a '92 vote special report from ABC News. 692 00:33:28,667 --> 00:33:30,042 - Good evening, I'm Peter Jennings, 693 00:33:30,125 --> 00:33:31,667 a brief interruption for an update 694 00:33:31,750 --> 00:33:33,375 on the New Hampshire presidential primary. 695 00:33:33,458 --> 00:33:35,958 Tonight the voters in New Hampshire very concerned 696 00:33:36,042 --> 00:33:38,667 with the state of the economy, their own particularly, 697 00:33:38,750 --> 00:33:41,917 have given President Bush and unpleasant surprise. 698 00:33:42,000 --> 00:33:45,250 Although NBC News has projected a victory for the President, 699 00:33:45,333 --> 00:33:47,208 conservative commentator Patrick Buchanan 700 00:33:47,292 --> 00:33:49,458 is likely to get more than 40% of the vote. 701 00:33:49,542 --> 00:33:52,250 - Pat Buchanan is able to get that critical mass of people 702 00:33:52,333 --> 00:33:54,417 with his media skills, with his charisma, 703 00:33:54,500 --> 00:33:58,000 to really create a big rift in the Republican Party. 704 00:33:58,083 --> 00:34:01,792 - H. Ross Perot, the Texas billionaire with lots of ideas. 705 00:34:01,875 --> 00:34:03,375 By the way, is there any scenario 706 00:34:03,458 --> 00:34:05,125 in which you would run for president? 707 00:34:05,208 --> 00:34:06,583 - Number one, I will not run 708 00:34:06,667 --> 00:34:08,083 as either a Democrat or a Republican 709 00:34:08,167 --> 00:34:10,125 'cause I will not sell out to anybody 710 00:34:10,208 --> 00:34:11,875 but to the American people. 711 00:34:11,958 --> 00:34:13,500 And I will sell out to them. 712 00:34:13,583 --> 00:34:15,958 - Ross Perot went on Larry King and announced 713 00:34:16,042 --> 00:34:18,792 he was going to run for president as an independent. 714 00:34:18,875 --> 00:34:22,542 - I don't want any money from anybody but you. 715 00:34:22,625 --> 00:34:24,208 - I didn't win the nomination. 716 00:34:24,292 --> 00:34:26,625 But I think Ross Perot saw what we did, 717 00:34:26,708 --> 00:34:28,875 saw the vulnerability of Bush, 718 00:34:28,958 --> 00:34:31,542 and made his decision right then to go. 719 00:34:31,625 --> 00:34:33,167 - Well, there's one thing for sure, 720 00:34:33,250 --> 00:34:35,083 Ross Perot's unorthodox way of campaigning 721 00:34:35,167 --> 00:34:37,125 has struck a chord with many voters. 722 00:34:37,208 --> 00:34:40,083 - He bought a half-hour on NBC to talk about 723 00:34:40,167 --> 00:34:42,375 his plan for curing what ails the economy. 724 00:34:47,542 --> 00:34:49,042 - I thought it would be a good idea to take 725 00:34:49,125 --> 00:34:51,625 the most important problem first-- 726 00:34:51,708 --> 00:34:54,417 that problem is our economy and jobs. 727 00:34:54,500 --> 00:34:56,667 - Out of nowhere comes Ross Perot, 728 00:34:56,750 --> 00:34:58,542 this straight talkin' billionaire 729 00:34:58,625 --> 00:35:00,750 who looks a little goofy for the age of television, 730 00:35:00,833 --> 00:35:02,958 but because he has that old southern charm, 731 00:35:03,042 --> 00:35:04,458 that old Texas twang, 732 00:35:04,542 --> 00:35:06,667 he's able to evoke an old fashioned America 733 00:35:06,750 --> 00:35:09,125 that Pat Buchanan's also evoking that George Bush 734 00:35:09,208 --> 00:35:10,958 is not able to evoke effectively, 735 00:35:11,042 --> 00:35:15,125 and Ross Perot starts running against George H.W. Bush 736 00:35:15,208 --> 00:35:17,458 as an ineffective steward of the Reagan revolution. 737 00:35:19,458 --> 00:35:22,708 - Let me just go on record one time tonight. 738 00:35:22,792 --> 00:35:26,000 We can win! [crowd cheering] 739 00:35:26,083 --> 00:35:28,417 - The Ross Perot phenomenon reached new heights. 740 00:35:28,500 --> 00:35:34,750 In California it was Perot 38%, Bush 32%, Clinton 20%. 741 00:35:34,833 --> 00:35:37,208 - Ross Perot was making inroads. 742 00:35:37,292 --> 00:35:43,000 The White House was just furious and scared. 743 00:35:43,083 --> 00:35:46,458 If he continued to attract Republican voters, 744 00:35:46,542 --> 00:35:48,625 then Bush was going to lose. 745 00:35:56,000 --> 00:35:58,875 [dramatic music] 746 00:35:58,958 --> 00:36:00,375 [phone ringing] 747 00:36:00,458 --> 00:36:01,500 - In a world where we're just 748 00:36:01,583 --> 00:36:02,875 one unknown dictator away 749 00:36:02,958 --> 00:36:04,625 from the next major crisis... 750 00:36:04,708 --> 00:36:05,667 [phone ringing] 751 00:36:05,750 --> 00:36:06,875 Who do you most trust 752 00:36:06,958 --> 00:36:07,958 to be sitting in this chair? 753 00:36:08,042 --> 00:36:09,667 [phone ringing] 754 00:36:09,750 --> 00:36:11,542 - American presidents tend to love foreign policy 755 00:36:11,625 --> 00:36:13,292 because they don't have to deal with the Congress often, 756 00:36:13,375 --> 00:36:14,833 they don't have to deal with other people-- 757 00:36:14,917 --> 00:36:16,500 they can just sort of move and act. 758 00:36:16,583 --> 00:36:18,625 But the truth is that most American elections 759 00:36:18,708 --> 00:36:20,750 are determined by domestic politics, 760 00:36:20,833 --> 00:36:23,208 not so much by your foreign achievements. 761 00:36:23,292 --> 00:36:24,458 And so George H.W. Bush, 762 00:36:24,542 --> 00:36:26,208 even after this amazing victory 763 00:36:26,292 --> 00:36:30,667 in the Persian Gulf, runs into storms. 764 00:36:30,750 --> 00:36:32,708 - Campaign '92. - Good evening. 765 00:36:32,792 --> 00:36:34,583 President George Bush, Governor Bill Clinton 766 00:36:34,667 --> 00:36:37,042 and independent candidate for president, Ross Perot, 767 00:36:37,125 --> 00:36:39,292 are about to make their second joint appearance 768 00:36:39,375 --> 00:36:41,042 of the campaign. 769 00:36:41,125 --> 00:36:43,167 - Bill Clinton is someone who understood that the best way 770 00:36:43,250 --> 00:36:45,875 to learn about the problems of his constituents 771 00:36:45,958 --> 00:36:47,458 was to sit there and talk to them. 772 00:36:47,542 --> 00:36:49,542 Bill Clinton loved the Town Hall format. 773 00:36:49,625 --> 00:36:51,250 - You know people who've lost their jobs? 774 00:36:51,333 --> 00:36:52,917 And lost their homes? - Well, yeah. Uh-huh. 775 00:36:53,000 --> 00:36:54,750 - In my state, when people lose their jobs, 776 00:36:54,833 --> 00:36:56,750 there's a good chance I'll know 'em by their names. 777 00:36:56,833 --> 00:36:59,208 - George H.W. Bush didn't have that personal touch. 778 00:36:59,292 --> 00:37:01,375 - It has a lot to do with interest rates, it has-- 779 00:37:02,417 --> 00:37:04,000 - She's saying you, personally. 780 00:37:04,083 --> 00:37:06,292 - You, on a personal basis, how has it affected you? 781 00:37:06,375 --> 00:37:08,167 - This whole experience of the Town Hall 782 00:37:08,250 --> 00:37:11,000 is clearly excruciating for George Bush. 783 00:37:11,083 --> 00:37:13,917 He really likes people, but he's not particularly good at it. 784 00:37:14,000 --> 00:37:16,750 - If the question you're asking--maybe I get it wrong-- 785 00:37:16,833 --> 00:37:19,542 are you suggesting that if somebody has means 786 00:37:19,625 --> 00:37:22,292 that the national debt doesn't affect them? 787 00:37:22,375 --> 00:37:24,083 - Well, what I'm saying-- - I'm not sure I get it. 788 00:37:24,167 --> 00:37:25,875 Help me with the question and I'll try to answer it. 789 00:37:25,958 --> 00:37:28,000 - TV was completely dominating American politics, 790 00:37:28,083 --> 00:37:30,500 and George Bush just didn't benefit from that. 791 00:37:30,583 --> 00:37:33,667 - What will you do as president to open foreign markets 792 00:37:33,750 --> 00:37:36,167 to fair competition from American business? 793 00:37:36,250 --> 00:37:39,583 - We have got to stop sending jobs overseas. 794 00:37:39,667 --> 00:37:43,125 - One of Ross Perot's big arguments during the debates 795 00:37:43,208 --> 00:37:44,833 is that the NAFTA agreement, 796 00:37:44,917 --> 00:37:48,042 which President Bush supports and is trying to push, 797 00:37:48,125 --> 00:37:49,875 is gonna cost American jobs. 798 00:37:49,958 --> 00:37:51,833 - If you can move your factories south of the border 799 00:37:51,917 --> 00:37:54,458 and you don't care about anything but making money, 800 00:37:54,542 --> 00:37:57,500 there will be a giant sucking sound going south. 801 00:37:57,583 --> 00:38:00,375 - This is an argument that in the middle of the recession 802 00:38:00,458 --> 00:38:02,375 resonates with a lot of voters. 803 00:38:02,458 --> 00:38:04,750 - We have a question right here. 804 00:38:04,833 --> 00:38:06,750 - And then, when he's being asked a question, 805 00:38:06,833 --> 00:38:08,583 President Bush looks at his watch. 806 00:38:08,667 --> 00:38:11,667 It symbolizes every bad image people had. 807 00:38:11,750 --> 00:38:14,458 He didn't care, he wasn't very interested. 808 00:38:14,542 --> 00:38:16,667 - At the second debate, the president left 809 00:38:16,750 --> 00:38:19,375 many of his supporters shaking their heads. 810 00:38:19,458 --> 00:38:21,542 The President kept looking at his watch. 811 00:38:21,625 --> 00:38:23,875 Campaign aides said he was merely concerned 812 00:38:23,958 --> 00:38:25,917 that his opponents were getting too much time, 813 00:38:26,000 --> 00:38:28,917 but it made him look impatient and disinterested. 814 00:38:29,000 --> 00:38:31,542 - That is the George Bush of 1992, 815 00:38:31,625 --> 00:38:33,792 completely out of step with the direction 816 00:38:33,875 --> 00:38:35,958 that American culture is taking. 817 00:38:38,083 --> 00:38:39,667 - Well, Democrat Bill Clinton, 818 00:38:39,750 --> 00:38:42,375 the once obscure governor of a small southern state, 819 00:38:42,458 --> 00:38:44,125 has racked up the electoral votes needed 820 00:38:44,208 --> 00:38:46,708 to win the presidency of the United States. 821 00:38:46,792 --> 00:38:49,458 In doing so, he defeated a GOP incumbent 822 00:38:49,542 --> 00:38:51,708 once believed unbeatable. 823 00:38:51,792 --> 00:38:54,500 - When Bush loses the 1992 election, 824 00:38:54,583 --> 00:38:58,000 it is certainly a generational shift. 825 00:38:58,083 --> 00:39:01,000 Clinton really does trounce Bush in a way 826 00:39:01,083 --> 00:39:05,292 that is pretty significant and jarring for a sitting president, 827 00:39:05,375 --> 00:39:06,792 to be defeated in that way. 828 00:39:06,875 --> 00:39:09,667 - We love you, Bill! - My fellow Americans... 829 00:39:09,750 --> 00:39:11,750 [cheers and applause] 830 00:39:11,833 --> 00:39:14,292 - George Bush was a proud guy and he was human, 831 00:39:14,375 --> 00:39:17,958 and when he lost in 1992, he wept. 832 00:39:18,042 --> 00:39:20,708 - George Bush is only the fourth elected president 833 00:39:20,792 --> 00:39:23,792 this century to be rejected by the people 834 00:39:23,875 --> 00:39:25,792 and denied a second term. 835 00:39:25,875 --> 00:39:27,500 - He wrote in his diary that he was crushed, 836 00:39:27,583 --> 00:39:31,208 that he had been humiliated. 837 00:39:31,292 --> 00:39:32,958 After all he'd done for his country, 838 00:39:33,042 --> 00:39:34,958 and after all the service that he had rendered 839 00:39:35,042 --> 00:39:39,167 in war and peace, he was being told to go home. 840 00:39:39,250 --> 00:39:41,458 That was a painful message. 841 00:39:41,542 --> 00:39:44,458 - Hey, listen, we gotta get going. 842 00:39:44,542 --> 00:39:45,833 Thank you. 843 00:39:45,917 --> 00:39:47,625 The people have spoken, 844 00:39:47,708 --> 00:39:51,708 and we respect the majesty of the democratic system. 845 00:39:51,792 --> 00:39:54,625 I just called Governor Clinton over in Little Rock 846 00:39:54,708 --> 00:39:56,833 and offered my congratulations. 847 00:39:56,917 --> 00:40:00,875 - George Bush took the loss to Bill Clinton very hard. 848 00:40:00,958 --> 00:40:02,792 Bill Clinton was his son's age. 849 00:40:02,875 --> 00:40:06,167 - Thank you so much. 850 00:40:07,125 --> 00:40:08,583 Thank you. 851 00:40:08,667 --> 00:40:11,292 - People are sure that George Bush's presidency 852 00:40:11,375 --> 00:40:12,708 will be the overlooked moment 853 00:40:12,792 --> 00:40:14,583 between the charisma of Ronald Reagan 854 00:40:14,667 --> 00:40:16,458 and the charisma of Bill Clinton. 855 00:40:16,542 --> 00:40:18,500 As we look back on the George H.W. Bush presidency, 856 00:40:18,583 --> 00:40:20,375 we see his stock going up. 857 00:40:20,458 --> 00:40:22,750 We see that he managed the end of the Cold War. 858 00:40:22,833 --> 00:40:25,875 He simply let the Soviet Union go off into the dustbin 859 00:40:25,958 --> 00:40:31,208 of history and America emerged as the great power of the 1990s. 860 00:40:32,500 --> 00:40:34,958 - He won the world, but he lost his own country, 861 00:40:35,042 --> 00:40:38,167 and the reason was, in no small degree, economics. 862 00:40:38,250 --> 00:40:40,792 In American politics, most people, 863 00:40:40,875 --> 00:40:43,125 in the end, vote their pocketbooks. 864 00:40:43,208 --> 00:40:45,708 [somber music] 865 00:40:45,792 --> 00:40:47,292 - I believe that history will deal 866 00:40:47,375 --> 00:40:49,958 extraordinarily kindly with President Bush, 867 00:40:50,042 --> 00:40:53,583 the way he brought about Germany's unification and NATO, 868 00:40:53,667 --> 00:40:55,500 the way he dealt with Iraqi aggression, 869 00:40:55,583 --> 00:40:57,333 but doing it in a way that brought 870 00:40:57,417 --> 00:41:00,208 the international community together. 871 00:41:00,292 --> 00:41:02,583 - People often think that history is scripted. 872 00:41:02,667 --> 00:41:04,333 But there are moments in history 873 00:41:04,417 --> 00:41:06,625 when even the most powerful people 874 00:41:06,708 --> 00:41:09,667 don't really know what's going to come next, 875 00:41:09,750 --> 00:41:13,042 and this was that time in world history. 876 00:41:13,125 --> 00:41:16,083 The world owes George Bush such a debt of gratitude 877 00:41:16,167 --> 00:41:19,458 for leading us through this. 878 00:41:19,542 --> 00:41:23,083 - If it's true that George Bush prizes loyalty above all, 879 00:41:23,167 --> 00:41:25,792 then this must have been one of the most gratifying sights 880 00:41:25,875 --> 00:41:27,708 of his political life. 881 00:41:27,792 --> 00:41:29,667 [cheers and applause] 882 00:41:29,750 --> 00:41:32,417 Devoted employees, party faithful, old friends 883 00:41:32,500 --> 00:41:35,417 and family all gathered in a sort of communal effort 884 00:41:35,500 --> 00:41:38,625 to put the bruising campaign and humiliating loss 885 00:41:38,708 --> 00:41:39,917 behind them. 886 00:41:40,000 --> 00:41:41,500 - We will support the new president 887 00:41:41,583 --> 00:41:45,083 and give him every chance to lead this country 888 00:41:45,167 --> 00:41:46,625 into greater heights. 889 00:41:46,708 --> 00:41:48,417 I-- [cheers and applause] 890 00:41:48,500 --> 00:41:50,625 I am very grateful to all of you. 891 00:41:50,708 --> 00:41:52,792 It's been a wonderful four years, 892 00:41:52,875 --> 00:41:55,167 and I think we've really contributed something 893 00:41:55,250 --> 00:41:57,917 to the country, and maybe history will record it that way. 894 00:41:58,000 --> 00:41:59,500 Thank you all very, very much. 895 00:41:59,583 --> 00:42:02,542 [dramatic music] 896 00:42:02,625 --> 00:42:09,708 ♪ ♪ 897 00:42:17,542 --> 00:42:20,458 [gentle music] 898 00:42:20,542 --> 00:42:27,708 ♪ ♪