1 00:00:00,210 --> 00:00:01,678 (MUSIC PLAYING) 2 00:00:01,744 --> 00:00:05,281 (TRAIN HORN HONKING) 3 00:00:07,417 --> 00:00:10,387 Carly, are you really going to operate this entire train? 4 00:00:10,520 --> 00:00:13,957 My whole life has been leading me here, I have to do this. 5 00:00:15,392 --> 00:00:16,393 CHARLIE: Weird but true, 6 00:00:16,459 --> 00:00:20,130 a locomotive engine on a train can generate enough energy 7 00:00:20,263 --> 00:00:22,365 to power an entire town. 8 00:00:23,099 --> 00:00:27,571 CARLY: And I'm about to harness all that power to fulfill my destiny. 9 00:00:30,473 --> 00:00:32,609 It's time for Weird But True! 10 00:00:32,742 --> 00:00:34,344 (TRAIN HORN HONKING) 11 00:00:34,477 --> 00:00:35,512 CARLY: Whoo! 12 00:00:37,013 --> 00:00:39,916 CHARLIE: Did you know there are more stars in the sky 13 00:00:40,083 --> 00:00:42,652 than grains of sand on the whole planet? 14 00:00:44,421 --> 00:00:45,689 -This is incredible. -I know, right? 15 00:00:46,189 --> 00:00:47,306 -CHARLIE: Charlie here. -Yeah! 16 00:00:47,381 --> 00:00:48,424 -CARLY: Carly here. -Yes! 17 00:00:48,491 --> 00:00:49,726 CHARLIE: We're best friends. 18 00:00:49,793 --> 00:00:50,694 -Let's go! -Let's go! 19 00:00:50,794 --> 00:00:52,662 CARLY: We live here, in Chicago. 20 00:00:52,862 --> 00:00:54,497 CHARLIE: With a little imagination... 21 00:00:54,698 --> 00:00:56,132 For the rest of time. 22 00:00:56,199 --> 00:00:58,735 -CARLY: And a whole lot of exploring. -CHARLIE: Oh! 23 00:00:58,835 --> 00:00:59,936 CARLY: This is so epic. 24 00:01:00,036 --> 00:01:02,777 CHARLIE: We're discovering just how weird the world can be. 25 00:01:02,852 --> 00:01:03,840 -Hey. -We made it. 26 00:01:03,907 --> 00:01:05,342 CARLY: This is unreal. 27 00:01:10,380 --> 00:01:11,381 CHARLIE & CARLY: Trains! 28 00:01:14,150 --> 00:01:15,151 MAN: Mail's here. 29 00:01:15,218 --> 00:01:17,487 Oh! Charlie! The mail's here! 30 00:01:19,022 --> 00:01:20,957 Hey, guys, Charlie here. You know my friend, Carly. 31 00:01:21,024 --> 00:01:22,993 It's here! It's here, it's here, it's here, it's here! 32 00:01:23,059 --> 00:01:25,095 So, you guys know how we're in Crafty Campers, right? 33 00:01:25,161 --> 00:01:26,863 -Crafty Campers! -Crafty Campers! 34 00:01:28,965 --> 00:01:31,568 -Well, next week Carly's going through... -CARLY: Career week. 35 00:01:31,635 --> 00:01:34,204 Crafty Camper Career Week. It's a big deal. 36 00:01:34,270 --> 00:01:37,007 Every Crafty Camper is assigned a career and then paired 37 00:01:37,107 --> 00:01:41,544 with a real-life professional in the field for one life-changing week. 38 00:01:41,645 --> 00:01:42,545 Just look at Charlie. 39 00:01:44,247 --> 00:01:47,384 Last year, he was paired up with a world-renowned arborist, 40 00:01:47,517 --> 00:01:49,686 to learn how to shape and care for trees. 41 00:01:50,186 --> 00:01:54,190 Now, he's a board member of the International Society of Trees. 42 00:01:55,625 --> 00:01:58,461 Career week basically determines the rest of your life. 43 00:01:58,595 --> 00:02:01,331 -And I just got my assignment. -So, open it up! 44 00:02:01,698 --> 00:02:04,167 -I can't do it, you do it. -Okay, okay, okay. 45 00:02:04,234 --> 00:02:07,270 All right, Carly, during career week, 46 00:02:07,337 --> 00:02:09,739 you have been paired with, and as a result, 47 00:02:09,806 --> 00:02:13,309 will spend the rest of your life as... 48 00:02:15,111 --> 00:02:19,816 -a train engineer! Yeah! -A what? 49 00:02:20,250 --> 00:02:21,451 This is a disaster! 50 00:02:21,518 --> 00:02:23,486 Oh, my grandpa must've had something to do with this. 51 00:02:23,553 --> 00:02:24,421 Your grandpa? 52 00:02:24,487 --> 00:02:28,458 (SIGHS) Yeah, he's a legendary train engineer, Vinchenzo Cabooso. 53 00:02:28,725 --> 00:02:30,927 He's always talking to me about being a train engineer, 54 00:02:30,994 --> 00:02:31,961 but I don't wanna do it. 55 00:02:32,028 --> 00:02:33,697 Aren't you at least interested in trying it out? 56 00:02:34,831 --> 00:02:35,732 (BLOWS RASPBERRY) 57 00:02:35,832 --> 00:02:40,236 No, I don't want to be a train engineer just 'cause my grandpa wants me to. 58 00:02:40,303 --> 00:02:41,871 I'm gonna skip career week. 59 00:02:41,938 --> 00:02:46,509 Oh! Skipping career week? Nobody skips career week, Carly. 60 00:02:46,576 --> 00:02:50,080 I'm not doing it, and it is gonna take a lot to convince me otherwise. 61 00:02:50,146 --> 00:02:52,182 All right, guys. I guess that means today... 62 00:02:52,248 --> 00:02:54,984 -Oh, no, no, no, no, no. -...we're unraveling the world 63 00:02:55,051 --> 00:02:56,252 -of... -Come on! 64 00:02:59,122 --> 00:03:01,725 -CHARLIE: ...trains! -CARLY: (GROANS) Fine. Trains. 65 00:03:04,060 --> 00:03:08,064 -All right, trains. -Yeah, they are rusty old metal things 66 00:03:08,131 --> 00:03:12,368 that run on rails. Huh! Wow. Well, I think that sums it up. 67 00:03:12,502 --> 00:03:14,204 Thanks so much for stopping by, come by again next time... 68 00:03:14,404 --> 00:03:15,872 -when we discover more things... -No, no, no. 69 00:03:16,005 --> 00:03:17,373 -...that are weird but true! -No, no, no. 70 00:03:17,440 --> 00:03:18,975 -We're not done. We're not done. -(GROANS) 71 00:03:19,042 --> 00:03:21,277 CHARLIE: There's a lot of cool stuff we can learn about trains. 72 00:03:21,344 --> 00:03:24,180 I think I know the perfect thing to get you interested. 73 00:03:24,848 --> 00:03:25,782 Ha! 74 00:03:25,849 --> 00:03:28,852 Trains Through Time: How Choo-Choo's Have Changed. 75 00:03:29,219 --> 00:03:32,655 -A history book about trains. -Yep, and you're gonna love this, Carly, 76 00:03:32,789 --> 00:03:36,993 because the history of trains goes way back, over 2,000 years, 77 00:03:37,260 --> 00:03:39,028 to ancient Greece. 78 00:03:40,830 --> 00:03:44,067 Back then, people needed a way to transport boats on land, 79 00:03:44,200 --> 00:03:47,704 so they attached wheels to carts, put their boats on top, 80 00:03:47,804 --> 00:03:50,473 and pulled them along grooves that were cut into stone. 81 00:03:50,907 --> 00:03:53,409 The carts ran on tracks and it worked. 82 00:03:53,777 --> 00:03:57,080 The Greeks were really onto something, and over thousands of years, 83 00:03:57,213 --> 00:03:59,849 people improved the carts and the tracks they ran on. 84 00:04:00,517 --> 00:04:05,221 By the 1500s, people in Germany were running wooden carts along wooden rails 85 00:04:05,355 --> 00:04:07,757 to transport coal and supplies from mines. 86 00:04:08,124 --> 00:04:10,460 Weird but true, these were the inspiration... 87 00:04:11,427 --> 00:04:13,429 for modern-day roller coasters. 88 00:04:13,730 --> 00:04:16,966 But the biggest innovation came a couple hundred years later. 89 00:04:17,801 --> 00:04:21,404 In 1803, a British engineer named Richard Trevithick, 90 00:04:21,538 --> 00:04:25,809 attached a steam engine to a cart and made it move all on its own. 91 00:04:26,176 --> 00:04:29,112 He invented the steam engine locomotive 92 00:04:29,179 --> 00:04:32,115 and trains were officially introduced into the world. 93 00:04:32,182 --> 00:04:33,183 Hooray! 94 00:04:33,583 --> 00:04:35,151 Oh, wait, see this, right here? 95 00:04:35,251 --> 00:04:36,352 -Uh, yeah. -Okay, look. 96 00:04:37,520 --> 00:04:40,890 This is Richard Trevithick. I want to be like him. 97 00:04:41,157 --> 00:04:42,892 -Why him? -He invented something 98 00:04:42,959 --> 00:04:44,561 that changed the world. 99 00:04:44,627 --> 00:04:48,531 Imagine having that kind of an impact on history. (SIGHS) 100 00:04:49,666 --> 00:04:52,602 Richard Trevithick invented the steam engine train. 101 00:04:52,902 --> 00:04:54,904 After that, nothing was the same. 102 00:04:55,672 --> 00:04:58,708 For example, weird but true, before trains, 103 00:04:58,775 --> 00:05:00,410 people didn't vacation much at all. 104 00:05:00,743 --> 00:05:02,712 Traveling was very slow. 105 00:05:02,779 --> 00:05:06,583 Dear friend, please come to the beach for a swim. 106 00:05:06,649 --> 00:05:10,019 Dear friend, I'll take my horse and carriage and be there, 107 00:05:10,286 --> 00:05:11,387 in eight months. 108 00:05:11,721 --> 00:05:15,024 CARLY: But once trains were invented, traveling became much faster. 109 00:05:15,291 --> 00:05:18,161 People could take quick vacations to places like New York, 110 00:05:18,695 --> 00:05:21,931 Florida, Atlantic City, and San Francisco. 111 00:05:22,498 --> 00:05:23,566 -Hi! (GIGGLES) -Hi! (GIGGLES) 112 00:05:23,633 --> 00:05:26,069 CARLY: And by the early twentieth century, people were traveling 113 00:05:26,135 --> 00:05:28,638 all over the country, but that wasn't the only problem 114 00:05:28,705 --> 00:05:29,772 trains helped to solve. 115 00:05:30,139 --> 00:05:33,576 Weird but true, before trains, there were no official time zones. 116 00:05:33,877 --> 00:05:35,945 Each town had its own local time 117 00:05:36,045 --> 00:05:38,147 and barely anyone was on the same schedule. 118 00:05:38,248 --> 00:05:41,117 Hey, it's 2:30, my time on the track. 119 00:05:41,184 --> 00:05:45,755 What are you talking about, it's 2:45, that's my turn on these tracks. 120 00:05:45,822 --> 00:05:47,957 -No! -It's my turn! 121 00:05:48,024 --> 00:05:49,158 -My turn! -(TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWS) 122 00:05:49,225 --> 00:05:51,394 -CARLY: It was a mess. -(TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWS) 123 00:05:53,730 --> 00:05:56,532 To fix the problem, train companies split the country 124 00:05:56,599 --> 00:05:59,769 into four main time zones, each one hour apart. 125 00:05:59,836 --> 00:06:03,006 Now, all train conductors were using the same time 126 00:06:03,139 --> 00:06:04,841 and ran on the same schedules. 127 00:06:05,275 --> 00:06:08,511 The train time zones worked so well that Congress adopted them 128 00:06:08,578 --> 00:06:10,980 as the official time zones of the United States. 129 00:06:11,214 --> 00:06:12,882 But the impact of trains didn't end there. 130 00:06:13,549 --> 00:06:14,684 (TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWS) 131 00:06:15,018 --> 00:06:19,622 CARLY: By the late 1800s, railroads had spread out all over the country. 132 00:06:20,156 --> 00:06:22,592 Suddenly, producers had a way to sell their goods 133 00:06:22,725 --> 00:06:24,327 far away from their factories. 134 00:06:24,861 --> 00:06:28,164 Hey, right now I'm only selling these here in Chicago, 135 00:06:28,231 --> 00:06:30,767 but what if I toss a couple on your choo-choo train, 136 00:06:31,067 --> 00:06:33,236 you take them to New York, sell them there? 137 00:06:33,903 --> 00:06:35,204 Sounds good to me. 138 00:06:35,305 --> 00:06:36,372 (TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWS) 139 00:06:36,806 --> 00:06:37,674 Great! 140 00:06:40,376 --> 00:06:42,178 Shipping was cheap and fast, 141 00:06:42,445 --> 00:06:45,581 which fueled an industrial revolution in the United States. 142 00:06:45,782 --> 00:06:49,919 People began inventing brand new products to sell all over the country. 143 00:06:50,820 --> 00:06:55,491 Light bulbs, elevators, movie cameras, and even refrigerators, 144 00:06:55,558 --> 00:06:58,494 were all invented during this period of innovation 145 00:06:58,561 --> 00:07:00,463 -and shipped using trains. -(TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWS) 146 00:07:00,530 --> 00:07:03,533 CARLY: There you have it, vacations, uniform time, 147 00:07:03,833 --> 00:07:06,436 an industrial revolution, and it all happened 148 00:07:06,536 --> 00:07:09,605 because Richard Trevithick invented the steam engine train. 149 00:07:10,139 --> 00:07:12,542 So, you'll become a train engineer. 150 00:07:12,809 --> 00:07:14,877 -Not exactly. -Why? 151 00:07:14,944 --> 00:07:18,715 (SIGHS) Here's the thing, trains already changed the world, 152 00:07:18,815 --> 00:07:20,783 hundreds of years ago, it's been done. 153 00:07:20,850 --> 00:07:24,721 There were trains and then cars and then planes and then even spaceships. 154 00:07:24,854 --> 00:07:27,490 I mean, are trains even that important anymore? 155 00:07:27,590 --> 00:07:29,425 (SCOFFS) Yeah, of course they are. 156 00:07:30,626 --> 00:07:34,430 Trains are the number one form of transporting goods across the U.S., 157 00:07:34,564 --> 00:07:38,067 hauling around 40 percent of all freight in the entire country. 158 00:07:38,601 --> 00:07:41,170 And people rely on trains to get around, too. 159 00:07:42,338 --> 00:07:44,974 Weird but true, if you added up all the miles that people rode 160 00:07:45,074 --> 00:07:47,010 on trains in 2016... 161 00:07:47,777 --> 00:07:51,481 -it would be over 39 billion miles... -(GASPING) 162 00:07:51,881 --> 00:07:55,551 CHARLIE: ...the same distance to the sun and back 209 times. 163 00:07:57,320 --> 00:08:00,723 Okay. All right, maybe I was a little quick to judge the whole thing. 164 00:08:00,857 --> 00:08:03,893 -So, you're going to career week! -Maybe. 165 00:08:03,959 --> 00:08:04,909 (SIGHS) 166 00:08:05,061 --> 00:08:08,097 Charlie, I think I just want some hands-on experience first. 167 00:08:08,464 --> 00:08:10,867 I want to know what it's like to work on trains. 168 00:08:11,167 --> 00:08:15,638 Okay, so you are talking about something like a pre-career week, career day, right? 169 00:08:15,705 --> 00:08:17,273 -Yeah. -Yeah, I like it. 170 00:08:17,340 --> 00:08:18,441 Where should we go? 171 00:08:19,075 --> 00:08:21,044 Uh, I don't know, maybe... 172 00:08:21,110 --> 00:08:22,111 -(PHONE RINGING) -Oh! 173 00:08:22,845 --> 00:08:25,481 -Who is it? -Oh, it's my grandpa, can I take this? 174 00:08:25,548 --> 00:08:28,818 Yeah, yeah, yeah. Yeah. Sure. Go ahead. (WHISPERS) It's Vinchenzo Cabooso. 175 00:08:29,218 --> 00:08:30,219 Hi, Grandpa. 176 00:08:30,486 --> 00:08:34,857 Carly, my granddaughter. I hear you've been matched up 177 00:08:34,924 --> 00:08:37,994 with a train engineer for career week. 178 00:08:38,161 --> 00:08:43,599 Now, listen I set you up with a trip to Steamtown, Pennsylvania. 179 00:08:43,900 --> 00:08:47,136 I got a couple of friends, they're going to take care of you, 180 00:08:47,270 --> 00:08:51,641 and teach you everything you need to know about trains, okay? 181 00:08:51,707 --> 00:08:53,676 Grandpa, that's perfect, thank you. 182 00:08:54,377 --> 00:08:57,914 I'm so proud of you for pursuing the family business. 183 00:08:58,047 --> 00:09:00,750 -I love you, okay? -Love you, too. 184 00:09:00,817 --> 00:09:01,684 (SMOOCHES) 185 00:09:01,918 --> 00:09:04,387 All right, Charlie, we are going to Pennsylvania 186 00:09:04,454 --> 00:09:05,988 to check out some steam trains. 187 00:09:06,122 --> 00:09:08,424 Perfect, we'll get the real Cabooso treatment. 188 00:09:08,524 --> 00:09:09,826 -We'll see you guys there. -(SIGHS) 189 00:09:11,394 --> 00:09:13,529 CHARLIE: We're off to Scranton, Pennsylvania 190 00:09:13,596 --> 00:09:15,698 to spend time with some real trains. 191 00:09:16,099 --> 00:09:19,702 Weird but true, the modern Ferris wheel was invented in Pennsylvania, 192 00:09:19,836 --> 00:09:21,037 and so was bubble gum. 193 00:09:23,206 --> 00:09:26,709 (MUSIC PLAYING) 194 00:09:34,083 --> 00:09:34,984 CARLY: Yee! 195 00:09:37,286 --> 00:09:42,892 -Behold! We have arrived! -Steamtown in Scranton, Pennsylvania. 196 00:09:42,959 --> 00:09:45,228 CHARLIE: If you could go anywhere in the entire United States 197 00:09:45,294 --> 00:09:47,163 to learn about trains, this is the spot. 198 00:09:47,230 --> 00:09:48,197 Come on, let's go. 199 00:09:48,764 --> 00:09:52,101 CHARLIE: Steamtown has it all. Real locomotive trains, 200 00:09:52,168 --> 00:09:54,971 a shop where they take care of the trains and do repairs, 201 00:09:55,204 --> 00:09:58,207 and a cool museum all about train history. 202 00:10:00,443 --> 00:10:01,310 Come on! 203 00:10:04,113 --> 00:10:05,615 Oh, look at this! 204 00:10:05,748 --> 00:10:08,117 There are like half a dozen cabooses out here. 205 00:10:08,217 --> 00:10:10,052 Charlie, I don't think that these are cabooses. 206 00:10:10,186 --> 00:10:11,120 One's a caboose, right? 207 00:10:11,187 --> 00:10:13,422 -Honestly, I don't know. (LAUGHS) -Okay, this is something we should 208 00:10:13,489 --> 00:10:16,325 definitely make sure we understand, the basic train parts. 209 00:10:16,392 --> 00:10:18,127 Let's look into that a bit more closely. 210 00:10:19,262 --> 00:10:21,964 Presenting a wonderfully standard train. 211 00:10:22,098 --> 00:10:24,300 So, there are a few main parts here. 212 00:10:24,433 --> 00:10:27,770 First, we have the locomotive, that's the front part of the train. 213 00:10:28,104 --> 00:10:31,807 It holds the engine that provides the power to pull the rest of the train. 214 00:10:32,175 --> 00:10:34,877 Next, we have the passenger cars that hold the people. 215 00:10:35,444 --> 00:10:38,614 After those, you might find the freight cars that carry goods. 216 00:10:39,081 --> 00:10:41,617 And at the end of the train, you have the caboose. 217 00:10:41,684 --> 00:10:44,320 Cabooses used to be a nice shelter for the crew, 218 00:10:44,453 --> 00:10:46,222 where they could rest or get some work done. 219 00:10:46,355 --> 00:10:50,893 But recently they've replaced cabooses with a tiny box, called an ETD, 220 00:10:50,960 --> 00:10:52,728 an End of Train Device. 221 00:10:52,795 --> 00:10:55,998 It's a super fancy computer that monitors all of the brakes 222 00:10:56,132 --> 00:10:58,301 and other mechanical things on trains. 223 00:10:58,601 --> 00:11:02,638 So that's your basic train breakdown, the locomotive, passenger cars, 224 00:11:02,772 --> 00:11:05,541 freight cars, and a caboose or an ETD. 225 00:11:07,143 --> 00:11:10,846 CARLY: First stop, the machine shop, and meet up with Bruce Mowbray. 226 00:11:11,414 --> 00:11:14,550 He's a train conductor and also in charge of maintaining trains. 227 00:11:14,617 --> 00:11:16,219 His favorite weird but true fact is, 228 00:11:16,786 --> 00:11:20,823 the longest train journey in the world goes from Portugal to Vietnam 229 00:11:20,957 --> 00:11:24,060 and covers more than 10,500 miles. 230 00:11:26,696 --> 00:11:29,131 -So, what do you do here? -Basically, we fix trains. 231 00:11:29,198 --> 00:11:31,701 We do major repairs, total restorations. 232 00:11:31,767 --> 00:11:33,269 -Amazing. -Well, Bruce, I gotta tell you 233 00:11:33,336 --> 00:11:34,470 real quick. Sorry, Carly. 234 00:11:34,604 --> 00:11:37,640 Uh, we're... we're in the presence of some train royalty. 235 00:11:37,707 --> 00:11:41,777 Carly's grandfather is Vinchenzo Cabooso. 236 00:11:41,877 --> 00:11:44,247 -The Vinchenzo Cabooso? -Yes. 237 00:11:44,313 --> 00:11:46,048 -I am totally honored. -(CARLY CHUCKLING) 238 00:11:46,115 --> 00:11:50,553 The man himself. But Carly's a little, uh, not... not convinced about trains. 239 00:11:50,620 --> 00:11:53,289 Well, wait until you see what we do with trains. 240 00:11:53,356 --> 00:11:56,859 -(MUSIC PLAYING) -(TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWING) 241 00:11:57,426 --> 00:11:58,894 BRUCE: Maybe that'll change your mind. 242 00:11:59,795 --> 00:12:00,830 -Perfect. -Okay. 243 00:12:00,896 --> 00:12:02,331 What are these guys doing behind us? 244 00:12:02,398 --> 00:12:05,635 Right now, they are going to inspect the wheels on this passenger car. 245 00:12:05,701 --> 00:12:07,036 -CHARLIE: Mm-hmm. -BRUCE: And if they find 246 00:12:07,103 --> 00:12:10,840 that they're worn out, they'll actually remove the whole wheel assembly out. 247 00:12:11,507 --> 00:12:14,877 CHARLIE: It's super important that the wheels on the train are in great shape. 248 00:12:15,745 --> 00:12:19,515 So, they get inspected regularly to see if anything needs to be fixed. 249 00:12:20,049 --> 00:12:23,152 What I see here is what is called a "built-up tread". 250 00:12:23,219 --> 00:12:27,390 The brakes caused the wheel to get so hot, the wheel actually melted 251 00:12:27,490 --> 00:12:30,826 and as the brake shoe slid along, it actually smeared 252 00:12:30,960 --> 00:12:33,129 -the metal on the surface. -CARLY: Whoa. 253 00:12:33,195 --> 00:12:36,132 The next step is, we're going to bring the wheels back to the lathe, 254 00:12:36,198 --> 00:12:37,600 to machine this defect out. 255 00:12:40,403 --> 00:12:44,573 CARLY: This is a full sensory experience. I can actually feel the ground 256 00:12:44,640 --> 00:12:47,476 underneath us rumbling because of how intense this is, 257 00:12:47,610 --> 00:12:52,982 and see that smoke, that's burning metal and it smells... terrible. 258 00:12:54,350 --> 00:12:56,252 CHARLIE: Mike Oprisko, uses the lathe 259 00:12:56,319 --> 00:12:58,954 to smooth out the defects on this giant wheel. 260 00:13:00,356 --> 00:13:04,093 That's a brand new wheel profile now, so this is like a brand new wheel. 261 00:13:04,160 --> 00:13:06,595 -It looks great. -I need sunglasses. 262 00:13:09,465 --> 00:13:11,701 CHARLIE: Next, Bruce shows us another process, 263 00:13:11,767 --> 00:13:13,803 where they remove a wheel from its axle. 264 00:13:14,370 --> 00:13:15,271 (THUDS) 265 00:13:15,338 --> 00:13:17,006 -Ah! Whoa! -(CHUCKLES) Ah! 266 00:13:17,306 --> 00:13:18,541 -That was so loud. -Whoa! 267 00:13:19,608 --> 00:13:21,344 CARLY: Oh! It's free. 268 00:13:21,410 --> 00:13:25,514 The wheel is so heavy, they need a big crane to move it. 269 00:13:25,581 --> 00:13:27,183 CHARLIE: So, how much does this thing weighs right here? 270 00:13:27,283 --> 00:13:28,918 -MIKE: It's about 750 pounds. -CARLY: Whoa! 271 00:13:28,984 --> 00:13:31,487 This crane, you can operate with this remote control. 272 00:13:31,721 --> 00:13:33,222 -That's pretty cool. -Yep. 273 00:13:33,389 --> 00:13:35,391 -Can I give that a try? -Sure. 274 00:13:35,624 --> 00:13:37,193 All right. I can do it. 275 00:13:38,094 --> 00:13:40,463 CHARLIE: Carly's having fun working in the machinery shop 276 00:13:40,529 --> 00:13:42,064 under Mike's close supervision. 277 00:13:42,365 --> 00:13:45,301 Definitely couldn't do this without a qualified expert. 278 00:13:46,569 --> 00:13:47,603 Yep, beautiful. 279 00:13:47,737 --> 00:13:50,806 CHARLIE: Hanging out in the repair shop really appeals to her curiosity 280 00:13:50,873 --> 00:13:52,174 about how things are put together. 281 00:13:53,676 --> 00:13:56,178 Okay, I just moved 750 pounds 282 00:13:56,245 --> 00:13:58,714 across this room with one finger. 283 00:13:58,781 --> 00:14:03,386 Now that I'm operating huge machinery, I have to say, I am kinda feeling this. 284 00:14:04,520 --> 00:14:06,756 And I'm super pumped about this next stop. 285 00:14:07,022 --> 00:14:11,293 -Oh! This is the cutaway steam locomotive. -My grandpa talks about this all the time, 286 00:14:11,394 --> 00:14:12,895 but I have never seen it before myself. 287 00:14:13,195 --> 00:14:18,000 It's a full-size train model cut in half, so you can see how it works inside. 288 00:14:18,067 --> 00:14:19,368 Let's check it out, follow me. 289 00:14:20,569 --> 00:14:22,938 Okay, something to remember when we're looking at this. 290 00:14:23,072 --> 00:14:25,374 The yellow parts, that's where fire is. 291 00:14:25,441 --> 00:14:27,410 The blue parts, that's where water is, 292 00:14:27,510 --> 00:14:30,045 and the white parts later on, that's where steam is. 293 00:14:30,179 --> 00:14:33,015 So the first section right here is called the firebox. 294 00:14:33,215 --> 00:14:37,286 So, the fireman scoops up coal, throws it into the firebox, 295 00:14:37,420 --> 00:14:39,288 and it generates a giant fire, 296 00:14:39,422 --> 00:14:43,559 creating tons of heat and sending it this way to the boiler. 297 00:14:44,326 --> 00:14:47,029 That's right, the heat travels through these fire tubes 298 00:14:47,096 --> 00:14:49,365 and the fire tubes are surrounded by water. 299 00:14:49,432 --> 00:14:50,833 The water heats up, 300 00:14:50,900 --> 00:14:54,003 starts to boil, creates steam which goes through the steam dome 301 00:14:54,069 --> 00:14:57,173 -and over to the valve. -The steam travels all the way 302 00:14:57,306 --> 00:14:59,308 to the valve, where there's a piston. 303 00:14:59,608 --> 00:15:03,245 It shoots that piston back and forth, creating tons of motion. 304 00:15:03,379 --> 00:15:06,382 Near the wheels, it's converted into rotary motion. 305 00:15:06,749 --> 00:15:10,453 Cool science word, "rotary motion". That's motion in a circle. 306 00:15:10,719 --> 00:15:14,990 -The steam makes the wheels turn. -This train is powered by steam. 307 00:15:15,057 --> 00:15:16,759 -Weird but true! -Trains. 308 00:15:17,760 --> 00:15:18,928 (TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWS) 309 00:15:18,994 --> 00:15:21,397 CHARLIE: The moment we've been waiting for is here. 310 00:15:21,464 --> 00:15:25,401 Time to visit the steam train and meet Chris LaBar, the engineer. 311 00:15:25,568 --> 00:15:27,603 His favorite weird but true fact is, 312 00:15:27,703 --> 00:15:30,673 stray dogs in Moscow often ride the subway trains, 313 00:15:30,806 --> 00:15:32,975 getting on and off at their regular stops. 314 00:15:34,410 --> 00:15:35,711 -(STEAM HISSING) -Chris, 315 00:15:35,845 --> 00:15:40,850 it's hot, it's loud, there's steam coming out of everywhere, what's going on? 316 00:15:40,916 --> 00:15:44,185 Well, the sound you hear right now is the air pump, pumping air 317 00:15:44,265 --> 00:15:45,387 into the tanks on the engine. 318 00:15:45,454 --> 00:15:47,423 We'll use the air for braking later. 319 00:15:47,556 --> 00:15:50,459 This will stop in a few minutes once the tanks are full. 320 00:15:50,526 --> 00:15:52,862 -Let's drive a train! (LAUGHS) -Let's drive this train! 321 00:15:57,099 --> 00:15:59,201 Right, so we're gonna have Bruce check the brakes now. 322 00:16:00,202 --> 00:16:01,437 And we're ready to go. 323 00:16:01,570 --> 00:16:04,974 I'm getting super excited. I did not think I would be this excited. 324 00:16:05,040 --> 00:16:07,409 (BELL CLANGING) 325 00:16:07,743 --> 00:16:08,844 We're moving! 326 00:16:09,478 --> 00:16:11,113 This train is moving. 327 00:16:15,351 --> 00:16:18,020 So we just backed out the train on to this turntable, 328 00:16:18,087 --> 00:16:21,924 it can rotate the entire train onto a new set of tracks. 329 00:16:22,157 --> 00:16:24,360 There are two people in charge of this train right now. 330 00:16:24,426 --> 00:16:28,631 Chris, the train engineer, and then Bruce, the train conductor. 331 00:16:28,831 --> 00:16:32,067 That's right, the train engineer is in charge of all these levers 332 00:16:32,201 --> 00:16:33,469 and knobs over here, 333 00:16:33,602 --> 00:16:36,639 whereas Bruce, the conductor, is in charge of the whole train. 334 00:16:36,738 --> 00:16:38,754 When it comes in and out of the roundhouse, 335 00:16:38,829 --> 00:16:40,442 how it works on the turntable. 336 00:16:40,509 --> 00:16:43,145 Now, we're perfectly aligned with track number 12, 337 00:16:43,212 --> 00:16:45,447 so, uh, I think we're ready to start this bad boy up. 338 00:16:45,514 --> 00:16:48,083 -(MUSIC PLAYING) -(BELL CLANGING) 339 00:16:48,551 --> 00:16:49,451 (TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWS) 340 00:16:49,552 --> 00:16:52,288 -(YELLS) -All aboard! 341 00:16:52,454 --> 00:16:53,455 (BELL CLANGING) 342 00:16:53,522 --> 00:16:57,426 (MUSIC PLAYING) 343 00:16:58,727 --> 00:17:01,497 (TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWS) 344 00:17:01,997 --> 00:17:04,366 CARLY: There are three basic types of train whistles. 345 00:17:04,433 --> 00:17:08,404 One toot means we're braking, two toots means we're going forward, 346 00:17:08,504 --> 00:17:10,906 three toots means we're going backwards. 347 00:17:11,307 --> 00:17:12,942 (MUSIC PLAYING) 348 00:17:13,008 --> 00:17:14,777 (TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWS) 349 00:17:14,910 --> 00:17:15,911 Whoo! 350 00:17:16,745 --> 00:17:19,114 CHARLIE: Here's another cool job, the fireman. 351 00:17:19,448 --> 00:17:24,086 That's Johnny's job right here. He maintains the fire inside the engine, 352 00:17:24,186 --> 00:17:25,854 which helps keep the train going. 353 00:17:25,988 --> 00:17:29,658 So here's what he does, takes a shovel, scoops up some coal... 354 00:17:30,659 --> 00:17:35,130 steps on that pedal, opens up the butterfly doors, and chucks it in. 355 00:17:35,197 --> 00:17:37,967 The fire is maintained and it heats up water in there, 356 00:17:38,033 --> 00:17:42,204 which generates steam, which powers the entire train, right, Carly? 357 00:17:42,271 --> 00:17:45,074 That's right, a steam train runs on steam, 358 00:17:45,174 --> 00:17:47,443 but there are lots of other types of trains. 359 00:17:47,576 --> 00:17:49,712 Let's look into that a little more closely. 360 00:17:50,546 --> 00:17:51,680 (TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWS) 361 00:17:51,780 --> 00:17:54,283 CARLY: Steam engines were common for a long time, 362 00:17:54,350 --> 00:17:57,987 but they released a lot of pollution into the air and were super expensive 363 00:17:58,120 --> 00:18:02,424 to take care of, so engineers developed new types of trains to replace them. 364 00:18:03,158 --> 00:18:04,526 Like diesel trains. 365 00:18:04,860 --> 00:18:07,229 They have big engines that run on fuel 366 00:18:07,296 --> 00:18:10,099 to power an electric generator which turns the wheels. 367 00:18:10,299 --> 00:18:13,802 They're much cheaper to run and fix than steam engines. 368 00:18:14,036 --> 00:18:17,940 Engineers also developed electric trains with no engines. 369 00:18:18,173 --> 00:18:20,776 Electricity comes from remote power stations 370 00:18:20,909 --> 00:18:24,813 and makes its way to a motor in the locomotive, via overhead lines 371 00:18:24,947 --> 00:18:26,615 or a third electrified rail. 372 00:18:27,116 --> 00:18:29,918 Diesel and electric trains are most common today. 373 00:18:31,420 --> 00:18:33,622 -That was amazing! -Chris, thank you so much. 374 00:18:33,722 --> 00:18:35,457 That was better than I ever could've imagined. 375 00:18:35,524 --> 00:18:37,593 -Thanks, Chris. -Thank you, guys. Thanks for coming by. 376 00:18:39,561 --> 00:18:41,797 CHARLIE: All right, Carly, what do you think? 377 00:18:41,964 --> 00:18:43,399 I had a lot of fun today, 378 00:18:43,565 --> 00:18:47,436 and operating that train with Chris was incredible. 379 00:18:48,003 --> 00:18:49,438 So, I have an announcement to make. 380 00:18:50,239 --> 00:18:53,676 I will shadow a train engineer for career week. 381 00:18:53,742 --> 00:18:54,610 -Ah! -(CHUCKLES) 382 00:18:54,677 --> 00:18:57,279 Your grandfather is going to be so proud of you. 383 00:18:57,346 --> 00:18:58,881 -I know. -I can't wait to tell him. 384 00:18:58,947 --> 00:19:01,316 -Mm. Me either. -All right, guys, we gotta go back to HQ 385 00:19:01,383 --> 00:19:03,218 to break the news, but we'll see you soon? 386 00:19:03,285 --> 00:19:04,520 Perfect. See you there. 387 00:19:04,687 --> 00:19:06,422 (TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWS) 388 00:19:06,755 --> 00:19:09,124 Oh. That was a close call, Carly. 389 00:19:09,191 --> 00:19:11,026 I'm so glad you decided to go through with this. 390 00:19:11,093 --> 00:19:13,529 Can you imagine what those other campers would've thought, like, 391 00:19:13,595 --> 00:19:16,432 bailing on career week. It simply isn't done. 392 00:19:16,532 --> 00:19:19,201 For sure, but that's not why I'm doing career week. 393 00:19:20,035 --> 00:19:22,438 Oh, it's 'cause your grandpa wants you to do it. 394 00:19:22,504 --> 00:19:26,442 Mm. Not quite. I am doing career week because it's what I want to do. 395 00:19:26,709 --> 00:19:27,576 Really? 396 00:19:27,643 --> 00:19:30,479 By the end of our time at Steamtown, I started to think that maybe 397 00:19:30,546 --> 00:19:35,050 this is actually the perfect moment in train history for somebody like me. 398 00:19:35,184 --> 00:19:36,051 Think about it. 399 00:19:36,952 --> 00:19:38,754 From little carts in ancient Greece, 400 00:19:39,021 --> 00:19:42,191 to steam engines, electric trains, and diesel, 401 00:19:42,257 --> 00:19:44,660 engineers have been changing and improving trains 402 00:19:44,727 --> 00:19:46,095 for thousands of years. 403 00:19:47,162 --> 00:19:50,466 And who says it has to stop now? You saw all those trains in Steamtown, 404 00:19:50,532 --> 00:19:54,036 it's like they're all sitting and waiting for somebody like me. 405 00:19:54,336 --> 00:19:59,141 An innovative, world-changing engineer to take them into the future. 406 00:19:59,374 --> 00:20:00,375 Check this out. 407 00:20:01,543 --> 00:20:03,946 -Look at this! Look at this! -Whoa. What is this? 408 00:20:04,213 --> 00:20:07,883 A magnetically levitated train model. A maglev train. 409 00:20:07,950 --> 00:20:12,788 So I put magnetic strips here and here, so the train floats. 410 00:20:15,324 --> 00:20:20,028 There are only a few in the whole world, but maglev trains are the future. 411 00:20:21,196 --> 00:20:23,932 Magnetically levitated trains are super-fast, 412 00:20:24,133 --> 00:20:26,835 have no wheels, and don't even touch the tracks. 413 00:20:27,202 --> 00:20:32,441 Instead, they float on air above rows and rows of super powerful magnets. 414 00:20:32,674 --> 00:20:33,842 How cool is that? 415 00:20:35,577 --> 00:20:37,312 Plus, they're incredibly safe. 416 00:20:37,379 --> 00:20:40,315 The further a maglev train leans to one side, 417 00:20:40,415 --> 00:20:43,852 the stronger the magnet force that pulls it back on track. 418 00:20:44,286 --> 00:20:46,955 These trains are smoother, faster, and safer 419 00:20:47,022 --> 00:20:48,891 than any trains in the United States. 420 00:20:48,957 --> 00:20:51,693 But they are very expensive to build, that's why there's only 421 00:20:51,794 --> 00:20:53,529 a few of them in the entire world. 422 00:20:53,595 --> 00:20:57,232 Hmm. Well, that sounds like a problem for a super smart train engineer to solve. 423 00:20:57,475 --> 00:20:59,134 Hmm. I think I know one who's up to the challenge. 424 00:20:59,646 --> 00:21:01,700 But come one, we gotta go, it's career week time. 425 00:21:02,004 --> 00:21:04,306 All right, guys, looks like we got a new project on our hands, 426 00:21:04,406 --> 00:21:05,774 but thanks so much for stopping by. 427 00:21:05,841 --> 00:21:08,811 Come by again when we discover more things that are weird... 428 00:21:08,911 --> 00:21:10,345 -But true. -We'll see you guys later. 429 00:21:10,579 --> 00:21:12,014 -Come on! -Yes, yes, yes. 430 00:21:15,517 --> 00:21:17,252 (MUSIC PLAYING) 431 00:21:17,619 --> 00:21:20,389 Hello, everyone. Big train news coming out of Chicago today. 432 00:21:20,689 --> 00:21:24,059 The Maglev Super Quick tunnel train from HQ industries 433 00:21:24,193 --> 00:21:26,562 completed its maiden-voyage across the world. 434 00:21:27,229 --> 00:21:30,666 The Maglev Super Quick was developed by rock star train engineer, 435 00:21:30,732 --> 00:21:33,769 Carly, of the famous Cabooso train family. 436 00:21:33,836 --> 00:21:37,573 And it's safe to say, she has truly changed the world.