1 00:00:00,685 --> 00:00:03,554 Global Space Administration, video diary six. 2 00:00:03,721 --> 00:00:06,857 We're trying to spend the rest of our lives in outer space. 3 00:00:06,949 --> 00:00:08,317 But that's the tricky part. 4 00:00:08,484 --> 00:00:12,254 Weird but true, the longest that anybody has ever spent in space 5 00:00:12,321 --> 00:00:14,857 at one time is still less than a year and a half. 6 00:00:14,924 --> 00:00:17,560 But the research happening at this Mars simulator 7 00:00:17,660 --> 00:00:20,229 could make it possible for people to live in space. 8 00:00:20,329 --> 00:00:24,600 Yeah. Weird but true, one day Martian soil could be used to grow crops. 9 00:00:24,700 --> 00:00:26,736 Mm-hmm. And get this, 10 00:00:26,836 --> 00:00:31,040 fertilizer made from human hair could be the key to making it work. 11 00:00:31,340 --> 00:00:33,476 Luckily... (MUNCHES) 12 00:00:34,010 --> 00:00:36,712 -I'm a crafter. I just need one. -What... what are you doing? No, Charlie. 13 00:00:36,779 --> 00:00:38,147 -Need to grow some crops. -What? No way! 14 00:00:38,214 --> 00:00:40,850 -Mine's not long enough. -Nope, too bad. 15 00:00:40,950 --> 00:00:44,353 (GRUNTS) All right, guys, it's time for Weird But True! 16 00:00:45,054 --> 00:00:47,957 Did you know there are more stars in the sky 17 00:00:48,257 --> 00:00:50,893 than grains of sand on the whole planet? 18 00:00:51,360 --> 00:00:52,528 Whoa! 19 00:00:52,595 --> 00:00:53,863 -This is incredible. -I know, right? 20 00:00:53,929 --> 00:00:54,964 CHARLIE: Charlie here. 21 00:00:55,031 --> 00:00:56,599 -Yay! -CARLY: Carly here. 22 00:00:56,666 --> 00:00:57,900 -Yes! -CHARLIE: We're best friends. 23 00:00:58,000 --> 00:00:58,934 BOTH: Oh, let's go! 24 00:00:59,001 --> 00:01:00,736 CARLY: We live here, in Chicago. 25 00:01:01,103 --> 00:01:04,306 -CHARLIE: With a little imagination... -For the rest of time. 26 00:01:04,373 --> 00:01:05,675 CARLY: And a whole lot of exploring. 27 00:01:05,741 --> 00:01:06,942 (CHARLIE EXCLAIMS) 28 00:01:07,009 --> 00:01:08,144 CARLY: This is so epic. 29 00:01:08,210 --> 00:01:11,047 CHARLIE: We're discovering just how weird the world can be. 30 00:01:11,147 --> 00:01:12,014 -Hey! -We made it. 31 00:01:12,181 --> 00:01:13,349 CARLY: This is unreal. 32 00:01:13,416 --> 00:01:15,217 (THEME MUSIC PLAYING) 33 00:01:18,487 --> 00:01:20,022 BOTH: Our Solar System. 34 00:01:20,089 --> 00:01:20,990 (FILM REEL WHIRRING) 35 00:01:21,090 --> 00:01:24,360 CARLY: My name is Carly, and that is my best friend, Charlie. 36 00:01:25,695 --> 00:01:28,864 Ever since we were old enough to hold a notebook and a magnifying glass, 37 00:01:29,198 --> 00:01:31,300 we were out exploring the world. 38 00:01:31,701 --> 00:01:33,936 As we got older, others joined us, like, 39 00:01:34,170 --> 00:01:36,605 Charlie's sister, Casey, and our buddy, Patrick. 40 00:01:37,406 --> 00:01:39,775 Even our mailman, Bob, was part of the fun. 41 00:01:40,609 --> 00:01:42,712 It seemed like we'd be together forever. 42 00:01:43,813 --> 00:01:45,347 Until today. 43 00:01:47,983 --> 00:01:50,820 BUSTER INFINITY: The interplanetary expedition. 44 00:01:51,120 --> 00:01:53,322 (GASPS) Carly, you gotta come see this. 45 00:01:53,989 --> 00:01:55,057 Hey guys, glad you're here. 46 00:01:55,124 --> 00:01:56,726 -What's up? -Come on, check this out. 47 00:01:57,293 --> 00:01:58,427 (WHOOSHING) 48 00:01:58,561 --> 00:02:03,065 Hello, there. I'm Buster Infinity, famous astrophysicist. 49 00:02:03,132 --> 00:02:07,303 Introducing the Interplanetary Expedition. 50 00:02:07,636 --> 00:02:13,209 A one-way trip to explore the entirety of our Solar System. 51 00:02:13,442 --> 00:02:15,544 -Whoa! -We have to apply. 52 00:02:15,611 --> 00:02:17,813 Oh, I don't know, Charlie, it's a one-way ticket. 53 00:02:17,880 --> 00:02:21,083 Exactly. A lifetime of living in space. 54 00:02:21,383 --> 00:02:25,688 Researching the wonders of the universe. It's perfect. 55 00:02:27,523 --> 00:02:28,891 Come on, just... just hear it out. 56 00:02:29,925 --> 00:02:33,262 Submit your video application today. 57 00:02:33,329 --> 00:02:36,499 On behalf of the Global Space Administration, 58 00:02:36,565 --> 00:02:40,669 good luck, and I'll see you in outer space. 59 00:02:42,037 --> 00:02:45,107 Why stay here and unravel one single world 60 00:02:45,407 --> 00:02:49,044 when we can go out and unravel an entire universe? 61 00:02:49,111 --> 00:02:51,131 Well, Charlie, I don't know that much about the Solar System, 62 00:02:51,256 --> 00:02:52,982 so I think we're gonna need to do a little research. 63 00:02:53,215 --> 00:02:57,119 All right, guys, I guess that means today we're unraveling the world of... 64 00:03:00,156 --> 00:03:01,457 BOTH: our Solar System. 65 00:03:02,725 --> 00:03:05,461 Solar, Solar System. 66 00:03:05,861 --> 00:03:08,164 We're doing our first take of our application video 67 00:03:08,230 --> 00:03:09,932 and Charlie's a little nervous. 68 00:03:09,999 --> 00:03:11,634 No! What are you talking about? I'm not nervous. 69 00:03:11,700 --> 00:03:13,135 -Look at me, I'm fine. -Oh. Yup. 70 00:03:13,235 --> 00:03:14,670 I got it. I'm ready. 71 00:03:15,137 --> 00:03:16,772 Okay. Let's suit you up. 72 00:03:16,839 --> 00:03:19,074 -Okay. -(WHISPERS) He's nervous. 73 00:03:19,975 --> 00:03:21,177 -We're rolling? -CARLY: Mm-hmm. 74 00:03:21,310 --> 00:03:22,845 Perfect. (CLEARS THROAT) 75 00:03:23,279 --> 00:03:27,449 Our Solar System is enormous, but weird but true, 76 00:03:27,550 --> 00:03:31,453 the entire thing fits inside this. 77 00:03:32,454 --> 00:03:36,759 It's called the Oort Cloud. A giant spherical shape, 78 00:03:36,859 --> 00:03:41,630 floating in space around nine trillion miles across. 79 00:03:41,897 --> 00:03:43,199 Let's take a look inside. 80 00:03:44,066 --> 00:03:47,436 Behold, our Solar System. 81 00:03:47,503 --> 00:03:49,705 -It consists of... -CARLY: The Sun. 82 00:03:49,805 --> 00:03:53,976 And everything that revolves around it. Including eight planets. 83 00:03:54,176 --> 00:03:56,245 -CARLY: Venus... -This one's Mercury... 84 00:03:56,345 --> 00:03:57,780 -CARLY: Sorry. -...remember? Mercury. 85 00:03:57,847 --> 00:03:59,782 -Yeah. -CARLY: Mercury. 86 00:03:59,882 --> 00:04:06,689 Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, 87 00:04:06,956 --> 00:04:08,991 -and Neptune. -CHARLIE: But there's more. 88 00:04:09,158 --> 00:04:13,596 Our Solar System also includes all of the moons orbiting these planets. 89 00:04:13,662 --> 00:04:16,465 And a bunch of asteroids that are found here in... 90 00:04:16,565 --> 00:04:19,668 -CARLY: The Asteroid Belt. -And way out there in... 91 00:04:19,768 --> 00:04:22,071 -CARLY: The Kuiper Belt. -All of this stuff 92 00:04:22,171 --> 00:04:25,474 that revolves around the Sun creates our Solar System. 93 00:04:25,641 --> 00:04:28,878 And remember, it's all contained within this. 94 00:04:29,211 --> 00:04:30,346 The Oort Cloud. 95 00:04:32,481 --> 00:04:34,750 This is the perfect intro for our application video. 96 00:04:34,850 --> 00:04:37,820 Yeah. All right. So, what should we film next? 97 00:04:37,887 --> 00:04:41,090 Uh, I'm trying to remember what Buster Infinity said. 98 00:04:43,192 --> 00:04:47,930 A perfect applicant must understand our relationship with our Solar System. 99 00:04:47,997 --> 00:04:51,667 In the past, the present, and the future. 100 00:04:54,069 --> 00:04:56,205 So we need to research how people have studied... 101 00:04:56,305 --> 00:04:57,907 -(DOOR KNOCKS) -...our Solar System in the past. 102 00:04:57,973 --> 00:04:59,208 -Right. -Hey, guys. 103 00:04:59,275 --> 00:05:01,510 You have to see this thing that Patrick and I just saw 104 00:05:01,577 --> 00:05:03,379 by the Global Space Administration. 105 00:05:03,446 --> 00:05:07,016 Wait, you're not making an application video, are you? 106 00:05:07,283 --> 00:05:10,019 -We are. -We're gonna get paid to go to space. 107 00:05:10,085 --> 00:05:12,855 Me and Carly, living in space for the rest of time. 108 00:05:12,955 --> 00:05:13,822 -Yup. -Yeah. 109 00:05:14,123 --> 00:05:15,124 -Forever? -CHARLIE: Yeah. 110 00:05:15,190 --> 00:05:16,325 It's gonna be amazing. 111 00:05:16,659 --> 00:05:17,526 Really? 112 00:05:17,593 --> 00:05:19,929 Yes. Actually, it's good that you're here because we need you. 113 00:05:19,995 --> 00:05:21,730 Come with me, we'll get you some costumes. 114 00:05:22,398 --> 00:05:24,500 Back to work. Time for some history. 115 00:05:24,566 --> 00:05:27,736 Scientists who study space are called astronomers, and throughout history, 116 00:05:27,836 --> 00:05:29,338 there have been a lot of them. 117 00:05:31,307 --> 00:05:33,342 Let's begin with Claudius Ptolemy. 118 00:05:33,609 --> 00:05:36,545 An astronomer from Egypt around the year 140. 119 00:05:37,279 --> 00:05:39,748 Behold, this is the universe. 120 00:05:40,115 --> 00:05:43,385 Earth is at its center and everything else 121 00:05:43,452 --> 00:05:46,622 travels in big giant circles around Earth. 122 00:05:47,056 --> 00:05:50,326 CARLY: Weird but true, that's what people believed until... 123 00:05:50,693 --> 00:05:52,094 Oh, no, no, no. 124 00:05:52,161 --> 00:05:56,598 ...Copernicus, an astronomer from Poland around 1514. 125 00:05:56,665 --> 00:06:00,703 The Sun is at the center of the universe, and everything else in space 126 00:06:00,769 --> 00:06:03,439 travels in large circles around the Sun. 127 00:06:03,772 --> 00:06:05,908 CARLY: And that's what people believed until... 128 00:06:06,308 --> 00:06:07,543 Uh, no. 129 00:06:07,609 --> 00:06:10,045 ...this guy. Angelo Secchi. 130 00:06:10,112 --> 00:06:13,082 An astronomer from Italy in the mid 1800s. 131 00:06:13,148 --> 00:06:15,584 Our Sun is not the center of the universe. 132 00:06:15,651 --> 00:06:18,721 The Sun is the center of our Solar System, 133 00:06:18,854 --> 00:06:23,258 one of countless planetary systems that exist out in space. 134 00:06:23,492 --> 00:06:26,428 So, after years of research, we figured out that space 135 00:06:26,528 --> 00:06:29,798 is full of lots of stars, tons of planets, 136 00:06:29,898 --> 00:06:32,768 and a bunch of solar systems like our own. 137 00:06:32,835 --> 00:06:34,603 Oh! This is perfect. 138 00:06:34,737 --> 00:06:36,605 Yeah, but you do realize what this means, right? 139 00:06:36,672 --> 00:06:39,408 This could be the very last time the we craft together. 140 00:06:39,475 --> 00:06:42,711 The very last time we do any project together. 141 00:06:42,778 --> 00:06:46,215 Look, Patrick, I know it's a bummer, but Charlie and I are meant for this. 142 00:06:46,281 --> 00:06:48,150 This is our destiny. 143 00:06:48,217 --> 00:06:50,519 Which means it is time for us to examine 144 00:06:50,652 --> 00:06:53,489 the present state of Solar System exploration. 145 00:06:53,555 --> 00:06:55,224 (GASPS) Oh! Ah! (SIGHS) 146 00:06:55,290 --> 00:06:56,692 I wish we had a lava lamp, you know? 147 00:06:56,759 --> 00:06:59,061 -CARLY: Uh... -I got this great idea where we, like, 148 00:06:59,128 --> 00:07:00,562 -dress up in some costumes and then... -Mm-hmm. 149 00:07:00,629 --> 00:07:03,632 ...we need some, like, historical props, though. We'll craft something, right? 150 00:07:03,699 --> 00:07:04,867 -(DOORBELL RINGS) -BOB: Mail's here. 151 00:07:04,967 --> 00:07:06,402 ALL: Bob! 152 00:07:06,902 --> 00:07:09,171 Got a package for you. One lava lamp. 153 00:07:09,271 --> 00:07:11,807 Oh! Perfect! This is exactly what we need! 154 00:07:12,107 --> 00:07:13,509 -Thanks, Bob. -CHARLIE: All right, 155 00:07:13,575 --> 00:07:17,479 uh, you four get in some, like, mission control engineer type costumes, 156 00:07:17,546 --> 00:07:19,081 -and I'll do the intro. Got it? -Okay. 157 00:07:19,148 --> 00:07:20,215 -CHARLIE: All right. -PATRICK: On it. 158 00:07:20,582 --> 00:07:24,319 Here's the deal, humans have traveled out into space plenty of times, 159 00:07:24,420 --> 00:07:26,355 but honestly, we haven't gone very far. 160 00:07:26,989 --> 00:07:29,091 Weird but true, humans have only traveled 161 00:07:29,158 --> 00:07:31,093 -to about here. -(SQUEAKY SOUND) 162 00:07:31,193 --> 00:07:33,595 There's a lot more Solar System to explore. 163 00:07:33,662 --> 00:07:36,465 And how do we do that? Using one of these, 164 00:07:36,765 --> 00:07:37,900 a space probe. 165 00:07:38,000 --> 00:07:42,037 They're like tiny, little robot laboratories that NASA launches into space 166 00:07:42,104 --> 00:07:45,441 with communication systems that use radio waves to relay 167 00:07:45,541 --> 00:07:47,743 all of that information back to Earth. 168 00:07:48,544 --> 00:07:52,114 In the world of space probes, this one rises above the rest. 169 00:07:52,214 --> 00:07:55,317 It's called Voyager 1. And here's its story. 170 00:07:55,384 --> 00:07:57,252 (RETRO MUSIC PLAYING) 171 00:07:57,319 --> 00:08:01,056 CHARLIE: In 1977, NASA launched Voyager 1 into space. 172 00:08:01,123 --> 00:08:02,257 (BEEPING) 173 00:08:02,324 --> 00:08:03,425 -Yeah! -Yes! 174 00:08:03,492 --> 00:08:05,961 -Groovy. -Right on, man. 175 00:08:06,762 --> 00:08:09,531 It traveled further and further into our Solar System, 176 00:08:09,598 --> 00:08:14,036 over a million miles a day. Past Mars, through the asteroid belt. 177 00:08:14,103 --> 00:08:15,137 (HIP-HOP MUSIC PLAYING) 178 00:08:15,204 --> 00:08:18,273 And by 1980, it was flying right by Saturn. 179 00:08:18,340 --> 00:08:19,408 (BEEPING) 180 00:08:19,508 --> 00:08:22,411 -Hey, we passed Saturn. -(ALL CHEERING) 181 00:08:22,478 --> 00:08:24,980 -Righteous! -Totally tubular. 182 00:08:25,047 --> 00:08:25,981 (ALL LAUGHING) 183 00:08:26,048 --> 00:08:26,915 (BEEPING) 184 00:08:27,015 --> 00:08:31,453 CHARLIE: Voyager 1 kept going, past Neptune, and into the Kuiper Belt. 185 00:08:31,720 --> 00:08:36,592 Then, in 2017, NASA decided to test its thrusters 186 00:08:36,658 --> 00:08:39,394 for the first time in 37 years. 187 00:08:39,528 --> 00:08:41,029 (REVVING UP) 188 00:08:44,066 --> 00:08:45,067 They work! 189 00:08:45,134 --> 00:08:47,402 (ALL CHEERING) 190 00:08:47,569 --> 00:08:49,404 Oh, incredible. 191 00:08:49,471 --> 00:08:51,507 FEMALE VOICE: Hey, hey, NASA, you did it. 192 00:08:51,573 --> 00:08:53,642 Yeah, come on in. Say it to the camera. 193 00:08:53,742 --> 00:08:55,177 -Smile. -Goof... goofy face. 194 00:08:55,244 --> 00:08:56,311 (CAMERA CLICKING) 195 00:08:56,378 --> 00:09:00,048 CHARLIE: Voyager 1 has traveled through space for more than 40 years, 196 00:09:00,115 --> 00:09:02,117 transmitting data back to Earth. 197 00:09:02,251 --> 00:09:06,021 No human-made object has flown further into space. 198 00:09:06,088 --> 00:09:08,824 And it's still flying out there to this day. 199 00:09:10,225 --> 00:09:11,927 This is a great application. 200 00:09:12,060 --> 00:09:14,062 -You just might get picked. -That's the plan. 201 00:09:14,129 --> 00:09:18,100 Now, it's time to research the future of solar system exploration. 202 00:09:18,233 --> 00:09:19,868 I have an idea for this one. 203 00:09:19,935 --> 00:09:21,470 -Ready, Bob? -Ready. 204 00:09:22,371 --> 00:09:23,939 (MAGICAL TINKLING) 205 00:09:24,072 --> 00:09:28,677 Welcome to the magical universe of Madame Cosmos. 206 00:09:28,744 --> 00:09:32,181 Wait. I know. You wanna travel into space? 207 00:09:32,247 --> 00:09:36,618 Well, my dears, look into Madame Cosmos's crystal ball 208 00:09:36,752 --> 00:09:39,788 and soon your fortunes will be revealed. 209 00:09:41,957 --> 00:09:47,496 No human in this lifetime or the next could visit as far as Voyager 1. 210 00:09:47,563 --> 00:09:50,832 Science and technology just isn’t advanced enough, 211 00:09:51,533 --> 00:09:54,236 but, quick, pick a card. 212 00:09:55,571 --> 00:09:57,172 Let's see, let's see. 213 00:09:57,239 --> 00:10:00,943 Red, and... planet? 214 00:10:01,009 --> 00:10:03,779 (GASPS) Your future points to Mars. 215 00:10:05,981 --> 00:10:08,717 Mars is very cold with average temperatures 216 00:10:08,817 --> 00:10:13,755 around negative 80 degrees Fahrenheit. But of the planets closest to Earth, 217 00:10:13,855 --> 00:10:17,426 it presents the fewest challenges for a manned space mission. 218 00:10:18,760 --> 00:10:23,332 You or any other human is most likely to visit Mars next. 219 00:10:23,398 --> 00:10:24,766 (CHEERING, APPLAUSE) 220 00:10:25,067 --> 00:10:28,237 Mm! Casey, great job. This looks excellent. 221 00:10:28,303 --> 00:10:30,272 Ooh, but what is this? 222 00:10:31,573 --> 00:10:35,811 -Another vision from the future. -Charlie and Carly, 223 00:10:35,877 --> 00:10:40,282 you will continue your research at an official Martian training habitat 224 00:10:40,482 --> 00:10:41,750 in Hawaii. 225 00:10:41,817 --> 00:10:43,018 -Wait, what? -CASEY: Yeah. 226 00:10:43,252 --> 00:10:44,686 It's this thing that Bob, Pat, and I found. 227 00:10:44,753 --> 00:10:47,422 It's called the HI-SEAS Mars Habitat in Hawaii. 228 00:10:47,489 --> 00:10:49,992 NASA conducts research there to see what it would be like 229 00:10:50,058 --> 00:10:51,593 to live on another planet. 230 00:10:51,793 --> 00:10:53,262 -This is perfect. -This is exactly 231 00:10:53,328 --> 00:10:54,796 what our application needs. 232 00:10:54,863 --> 00:10:56,698 Pack your bags. You've gotta get going. 233 00:10:56,765 --> 00:10:59,768 All right, guys. Looks like Carly and I are heading off to Hawaii 234 00:10:59,835 --> 00:11:02,004 to see what it's like to live on Mars. 235 00:11:02,070 --> 00:11:04,306 We'll meet you there? Perfect. We'll see you soon. 236 00:11:04,806 --> 00:11:07,175 -All right. See you, guys. -CASEY: Bye, guys. 237 00:11:07,909 --> 00:11:08,910 (UPBEAT MUSIC PLAYING) 238 00:11:09,311 --> 00:11:11,313 CHARLIE: We're off to the Big Island of Hawaii, 239 00:11:11,413 --> 00:11:13,382 out in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. 240 00:11:14,549 --> 00:11:18,754 Weird but true, this one island is made up of five volcanoes. 241 00:11:18,887 --> 00:11:22,324 Two of them, Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, are still active. 242 00:11:23,659 --> 00:11:25,927 (MUSIC PLAYING) 243 00:11:32,901 --> 00:11:35,337 -Aloha. -Welcome to Mauna Loa. 244 00:11:36,104 --> 00:11:39,775 This is the location for the HI-SEAS Mars simulator. 245 00:11:39,975 --> 00:11:42,778 It is a habitat that researchers use to study 246 00:11:42,878 --> 00:11:44,780 what it would be like to live on Mars. 247 00:11:44,846 --> 00:11:47,816 And the reason why it's here is because this place looks like 248 00:11:47,883 --> 00:11:49,451 -the surface of Mars. -(CHUCKLES) 249 00:11:49,518 --> 00:11:51,720 CHARLIE: But there are few key differences. 250 00:11:51,820 --> 00:11:56,325 Like first off, the air on Mars is mostly made up of carbon dioxide. 251 00:11:56,825 --> 00:12:00,495 So, if we were hanging around there, we'd probably be wearing oxygen masks. 252 00:12:00,595 --> 00:12:03,632 CARLY: Yeah, not only that, you'd have to wear a suit to cover your whole body. 253 00:12:03,699 --> 00:12:07,536 Earth has a magnetic field that protects us from the Sun's harmful radiation, 254 00:12:07,602 --> 00:12:08,837 but Mars doesn't have that. 255 00:12:08,904 --> 00:12:11,273 We're gonna go inside the simulator and talk to Michaela. 256 00:12:11,340 --> 00:12:12,641 Let's go. 257 00:12:16,411 --> 00:12:19,748 Dr. Michaela Musilova is the director of this habitat 258 00:12:19,848 --> 00:12:23,985 and an astrobiologist who focuses on life in extreme environments. 259 00:12:24,753 --> 00:12:28,056 Her favorite weird but true fact is, the Sun is so big 260 00:12:28,123 --> 00:12:31,193 that one million Earths could fit inside of it. 261 00:12:37,366 --> 00:12:39,534 -Whoa. -What? (CHUCKLES) 262 00:12:39,701 --> 00:12:41,837 -This is so cool. -It's like a little a clubhouse. 263 00:12:41,937 --> 00:12:43,805 It looks huge in here. 264 00:12:44,072 --> 00:12:45,607 -Aloha, as we say in Hawaii. -Aloha. 265 00:12:45,674 --> 00:12:48,643 -Aloha. -MICHAELA: This is the HI-SEAS Habitat 266 00:12:48,831 --> 00:12:51,313 where we simulate missions to the moon and Mars. 267 00:12:51,380 --> 00:12:53,248 -(CARLY EXHALES) -MICHAELA: Uh, people get locked up here 268 00:12:53,315 --> 00:12:56,451 for up to a year. You can only go outside in a spacesuit. 269 00:12:56,518 --> 00:12:59,721 You eat freeze-dried food and all that fun stuff astronauts have to do, 270 00:12:59,821 --> 00:13:02,457 so you'll get to experience that over the next couple of days. 271 00:13:02,524 --> 00:13:04,226 -Nice. -Well, how many people 272 00:13:04,292 --> 00:13:05,994 -can live here at once? -MICHAELA: Up to six people. 273 00:13:06,061 --> 00:13:07,362 -Can we take a look around? -Yeah. 274 00:13:07,429 --> 00:13:10,532 Yeah, sure. Well... So, this main room is like a multi-functional room. 275 00:13:11,066 --> 00:13:13,935 This area here is essentially used for exercising. 276 00:13:14,002 --> 00:13:15,837 You have your work stations right here, 277 00:13:15,971 --> 00:13:18,507 and here we have a kitchen. Pretty big, actually. 278 00:13:18,573 --> 00:13:20,142 What are these little doors... 279 00:13:20,209 --> 00:13:21,915 -CARLY: Oh, yeah. It's a closet. -CHARLIE: ...up top? Yeah. 280 00:13:22,015 --> 00:13:24,045 MICHAELA: Well, it's kinda like a closet, but it's your bedroom. 281 00:13:24,746 --> 00:13:27,182 Each crew member gets their own little room. 282 00:13:27,549 --> 00:13:29,151 -They're all the same. -CHARLIE: Oh, nice. 283 00:13:29,217 --> 00:13:31,305 -CARLY: Oh, it's cozy. -MICHAELA: It's pretty decent. 284 00:13:31,386 --> 00:13:34,284 CHARLIE: It looks small from the outside, but you got a little desk, 285 00:13:34,409 --> 00:13:37,726 you got a nice place to sleep. Put some photos on the wall over here. 286 00:13:37,793 --> 00:13:39,394 Usually people bring pictures of their family, 287 00:13:39,461 --> 00:13:40,862 friends that they're gonna miss. 288 00:13:40,929 --> 00:13:43,865 All right. So we got a place to research, cook our dinners, 289 00:13:44,032 --> 00:13:46,568 -bathrooms. Where do you go to bathroom? -Show us the bathroom. 290 00:13:47,532 --> 00:13:49,604 This is the tallest toilet I've ever seen. 291 00:13:49,671 --> 00:13:52,741 The reason it's so tall is because it's a composting toilet. 292 00:13:52,841 --> 00:13:54,843 -Okay. -So, once you do your business, 293 00:13:54,910 --> 00:13:57,245 there are microbes in there that help process 294 00:13:57,546 --> 00:14:00,482 what you've just added to there, and then behind you, Charlie, 295 00:14:00,549 --> 00:14:02,451 -there is the shower. -CARLY: Regular shower. 296 00:14:02,517 --> 00:14:05,587 You're only allowed to take up to eight minutes a week of shower time. 297 00:14:05,654 --> 00:14:06,621 -A week? -A week. 298 00:14:06,688 --> 00:14:08,156 -(MICHAELA CHUCKLES) -CARLY: Whoa. 299 00:14:09,591 --> 00:14:11,726 CARLY: Michaela leaves us to get settled in. 300 00:14:12,261 --> 00:14:13,862 -Is it on? -All right. All right. 301 00:14:13,929 --> 00:14:17,065 Video diary, take one. We've been here for three hours. 302 00:14:17,132 --> 00:14:18,667 -Uh-huh. Right. -We've chosen our rooms. 303 00:14:18,733 --> 00:14:20,169 -Yup. There's a treadmill. -Yeah. 304 00:14:20,235 --> 00:14:22,316 There's a little window so we can see the outside world. 305 00:14:22,423 --> 00:14:24,339 -Yeah. This is easy-peasy. -Yeah. 306 00:14:24,406 --> 00:14:26,308 I think we're gonna be really, really good at this. 307 00:14:30,979 --> 00:14:32,781 -(STATIC SOUND) -Hi. Hello. 308 00:14:33,048 --> 00:14:35,846 -Welcome back. We are five hours in. -Yup. 309 00:14:35,993 --> 00:14:37,953 And Michaela has a mission for us. 310 00:14:38,086 --> 00:14:41,156 We are gonna suit up and head outside to collect some rocks 311 00:14:41,223 --> 00:14:42,724 and then bring them back to study them. 312 00:14:42,791 --> 00:14:44,359 -Let's go. Let's rock. -Okay. 313 00:14:45,293 --> 00:14:47,696 CHARLIE: We're pretending to be on Mars, so we need to put on 314 00:14:47,762 --> 00:14:51,600 lots of gear before we do anything outside the habitat. 315 00:14:51,666 --> 00:14:53,368 (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) 316 00:14:56,104 --> 00:14:58,540 CARLY: We're simulating a real Mars mission... 317 00:15:00,008 --> 00:15:02,344 to collect rocks and soil samples. 318 00:15:03,512 --> 00:15:05,614 MICHAELA: So this way. Now watch your step. 319 00:15:06,147 --> 00:15:07,148 CARLY: Let's go. 320 00:15:08,917 --> 00:15:10,252 (INSECTS CHIRPING) 321 00:15:10,318 --> 00:15:12,387 MICHAELA: This is very crumbly, so be really careful. 322 00:15:12,654 --> 00:15:14,155 (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) 323 00:15:16,925 --> 00:15:18,226 MICHAELA: Uh, the ceiling gets low here 324 00:15:18,293 --> 00:15:20,028 and you have all these lava stalactites. 325 00:15:20,495 --> 00:15:22,264 CARLY: Oh, whoa. This is incredible. 326 00:15:25,901 --> 00:15:28,103 MICHAELA: Here we are. I found some thenardite. 327 00:15:29,371 --> 00:15:31,172 Some of the NASA scientists I work with 328 00:15:31,306 --> 00:15:34,109 even call it space snow. We should take a sample of it. 329 00:15:34,309 --> 00:15:35,777 (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) 330 00:15:38,280 --> 00:15:40,248 -CHARLIE: Oh, it scrapes really easily. -MICHAELA: Yeah. 331 00:15:40,315 --> 00:15:42,317 -CARLY: Oh, it does. -MICHAELA: That's why they call it snow. 332 00:15:43,885 --> 00:15:45,287 CHARLIE: So the reason why we're harvesting it, 333 00:15:45,387 --> 00:15:47,789 because there's a chance it could be made by microbes. 334 00:15:47,856 --> 00:15:50,625 This is the exact same type of experiment that they do 335 00:15:50,692 --> 00:15:52,761 to see if there's life on Mars. 336 00:15:52,827 --> 00:15:56,464 It's fun to be out conducting science and we wish we could explore some more. 337 00:15:56,831 --> 00:16:00,001 CARLY: Yeah, but there's a limit on how long we can be outside the habitat. 338 00:16:00,068 --> 00:16:02,504 So Michaela says it's time to head back. 339 00:16:05,040 --> 00:16:07,208 All right. We just got back from our hike. 340 00:16:07,275 --> 00:16:08,710 -Mm-hmm. Yeah. -It was pretty good. 341 00:16:08,777 --> 00:16:10,612 -We got some space rocks. -Mm-hmm. 342 00:16:10,679 --> 00:16:11,780 We heard from Mission Control 343 00:16:11,880 --> 00:16:14,516 and it turns out that we cannot leave the habitat, 344 00:16:14,616 --> 00:16:17,085 -uh, for the rest of the night. -Yeah. So we'll be hanging out 345 00:16:17,185 --> 00:16:18,954 -and doing some missions here, I guess. -Yeah. 346 00:16:19,154 --> 00:16:21,590 -Ten hours in. -Still on Mars. 347 00:16:22,324 --> 00:16:24,793 -Mars is easy. -Mars is fun. 348 00:16:24,893 --> 00:16:25,827 CHARLIE: We're killing it. 349 00:16:27,562 --> 00:16:31,600 All right. We're 14 hours in, and we're doing flight simulation test. 350 00:16:32,467 --> 00:16:34,669 -Time to cook. -Okay. These are our ingredients. 351 00:16:34,736 --> 00:16:36,438 -This is a bucket of salmon. -Whoa. 352 00:16:36,504 --> 00:16:38,139 -Okay. Look at this. -CARLY: What? 353 00:16:38,239 --> 00:16:40,141 CHARLIE: This is a piece of salmon. 354 00:16:40,241 --> 00:16:44,412 They have to prepare food a very specific way before sending it to space. 355 00:16:44,546 --> 00:16:46,948 So let's look into that a bit more closely. 356 00:16:47,361 --> 00:16:49,951 -Charlie, what are you doing? -We do craft and we like explain the food, 357 00:16:50,018 --> 00:16:51,587 -everybody learns something, yeah. -I know. 358 00:16:51,653 --> 00:16:53,188 But Charlie, we don't have any crafting supplies here. 359 00:16:53,254 --> 00:16:55,323 -We... we can't make anything. -I'll call Bob. 360 00:16:55,390 --> 00:16:58,360 -We'll send... He'll send... -Charlie, Bob can't come to Mars. 361 00:16:58,426 --> 00:17:01,596 (GRUNTS, EXHALES) What are we gonna do? 362 00:17:01,663 --> 00:17:04,232 There are no crafts in space. (GRUNTS) 363 00:17:04,299 --> 00:17:05,361 -It's called freeze drying. -Yeah. 364 00:17:05,486 --> 00:17:07,469 They freeze it to ice and they, like, pull out the ice 365 00:17:07,569 --> 00:17:09,270 and you get salmon, that's how it works. 366 00:17:09,337 --> 00:17:10,259 -That is true, so... -Yeah. Okay. 367 00:17:10,359 --> 00:17:11,473 -...that works. -Let's... let's cook it. 368 00:17:11,540 --> 00:17:15,076 -(MUSIC PLAYING) -(CUTLERY CLINKING) 369 00:17:16,177 --> 00:17:18,113 CARLY: It's a balanced meal. We got veggies, 370 00:17:18,179 --> 00:17:22,684 we got protein, we got fiber. We're the best Martian chefs ever. 371 00:17:23,284 --> 00:17:24,452 -CHARLIE: Pasta. -CARLY: Sauce. 372 00:17:24,519 --> 00:17:25,687 CHARLIE: Sauce. 373 00:17:26,287 --> 00:17:28,123 -CHARLIE: Salmon. -CARLY: Salmon. 374 00:17:28,189 --> 00:17:29,124 -Cheers. -Ah. 375 00:17:29,190 --> 00:17:31,593 -What are you gonna try first? -I'm gonna mix it all together. 376 00:17:35,296 --> 00:17:36,731 (BOTH CHUCKLING) 377 00:17:36,865 --> 00:17:39,601 Could you imagine eating this for the rest of our lives? 378 00:17:39,968 --> 00:17:43,004 -(SLURPS, EXHALES) -Mm. 379 00:17:43,071 --> 00:17:45,173 -I miss Casey's food right now. -I don't like the salmon. 380 00:17:47,108 --> 00:17:49,144 I'm not gonna eat it ever. 381 00:17:49,210 --> 00:17:51,312 -Let's just go to bed. -Get some sleep. 382 00:17:51,379 --> 00:17:52,580 -CHARLIE: Yes. -CARLY: Yeah. 383 00:17:57,452 --> 00:17:59,554 -Good night, Charlie. -Good night, Carly. 384 00:17:59,621 --> 00:18:03,958 It is the end of our first day here at the HI-SEAS Mars Habitat. 385 00:18:04,025 --> 00:18:06,695 I'm still pretty hungry because dinner didn't really work out. 386 00:18:06,761 --> 00:18:10,198 -This is hard stuff. -Definitely wasn't what I expected. 387 00:18:10,265 --> 00:18:14,869 It's hard to be, um, away from the stuff and the people that I love. 388 00:18:15,236 --> 00:18:17,238 Um, we're getting a lot of good footage. 389 00:18:17,305 --> 00:18:19,307 Okay, now get up and do three jumping jacks. 390 00:18:20,275 --> 00:18:22,811 -One... (GRUNTS) -(CARLY LAUGHS) 391 00:18:22,944 --> 00:18:25,313 I feel like things will be better in the morning after I get some sleep. 392 00:18:25,380 --> 00:18:27,348 -Okay. Good night. -We'll see you in the morning. 393 00:18:28,183 --> 00:18:29,217 (STATIC SOUND) 394 00:18:29,818 --> 00:18:31,319 (PLEASANT MUSIC PLAYING) 395 00:18:32,387 --> 00:18:33,922 And, uh, cool. 396 00:18:35,090 --> 00:18:36,024 Good morning. 397 00:18:36,257 --> 00:18:37,625 -We ran out of power. -Uh-huh. 398 00:18:37,992 --> 00:18:40,895 CHARLIE: We weren't paying attention to how much energy we were using. 399 00:18:41,170 --> 00:18:42,664 -Right? -CARLY: We used it all up. 400 00:18:42,731 --> 00:18:46,000 Yeah. Here's the problem though, it's overcast so the Sun's 401 00:18:46,101 --> 00:18:50,572 not out right now, so it'll be a while before we get more power. 402 00:18:50,672 --> 00:18:52,474 CARLY: So, we can't make breakfast. 403 00:18:52,574 --> 00:18:54,843 -It's getting very cold. -It's... it's very, very cold. 404 00:18:54,943 --> 00:18:57,145 Yeah. Rough start to the day, but we're gonna turn around. 405 00:18:57,212 --> 00:18:59,481 -That's right. Nothing we can't handle. -Yeah. 406 00:19:00,582 --> 00:19:03,551 CARLY: Out in space, the Sun is your main power source. 407 00:19:03,685 --> 00:19:08,123 So, collecting and managing solar power using batteries is critical to survival. 408 00:19:08,690 --> 00:19:11,025 -We're back and the power's on. -Yeah. 409 00:19:11,092 --> 00:19:14,562 Michaela wants us to use my hair 410 00:19:14,896 --> 00:19:18,399 to make fertilizer so we can grow food. 411 00:19:18,500 --> 00:19:20,034 -It's cool. -Yeah. 412 00:19:20,135 --> 00:19:21,870 But also, like, what? 413 00:19:22,203 --> 00:19:23,805 (MUSIC PLAYING) 414 00:19:24,639 --> 00:19:28,877 We're in the lab and we are gonna be cutting a piece of my hair 415 00:19:28,977 --> 00:19:30,578 to make fertilizer. 416 00:19:30,645 --> 00:19:33,214 The main idea behind that is when humans 417 00:19:33,281 --> 00:19:36,151 go on long duration missions, your hair is gonna grow. 418 00:19:36,217 --> 00:19:37,886 Why don't we use it for something useful? 419 00:19:37,952 --> 00:19:41,055 There's actually nutrients in hair, like nitrogen and sulfur, 420 00:19:41,489 --> 00:19:44,726 -that we could use to help plants grow. -BOTH: Wow. 421 00:19:44,793 --> 00:19:47,162 Now, it's time to sacrifice some hair for science. 422 00:19:47,262 --> 00:19:48,596 Ah. Perfect. 423 00:19:50,498 --> 00:19:52,100 -Ready? -Yeah. 424 00:19:53,468 --> 00:19:54,602 (CARLY SCREAMS) 425 00:19:54,669 --> 00:19:56,037 -Whoa! -Hold on tight. 426 00:19:56,137 --> 00:19:57,105 Let me see it. 427 00:19:57,172 --> 00:19:59,674 -Whoa! -Oh (LAUGHS) 428 00:19:59,774 --> 00:20:02,110 MICHAELA: Put it into that glass bottle there. 429 00:20:02,844 --> 00:20:07,015 CARLY: Next, we add potassium hydroxide and some water to dissolve my hair. 430 00:20:07,949 --> 00:20:11,486 In a few hours, it will turn into this nice brown liquid, 431 00:20:11,553 --> 00:20:13,955 and that's when we'll want to measure the pH 432 00:20:14,022 --> 00:20:16,624 and see if it's not too alkali, so we may need to add 433 00:20:16,724 --> 00:20:19,627 some citric acid to kind of lower the pH a little bit. 434 00:20:19,694 --> 00:20:23,064 And when it'll be ready, we can actually use it to add to soil. 435 00:20:23,498 --> 00:20:25,500 Cool science tool, pH strip. 436 00:20:25,633 --> 00:20:29,671 It's what a scientist uses to figure out how acidic or basic something is. 437 00:20:31,005 --> 00:20:32,674 So, a couple hours have passed 438 00:20:32,807 --> 00:20:34,676 and it's turned into, like, a bunch of brown goop. 439 00:20:34,742 --> 00:20:35,844 -Used to be my hair. -(CHUCKLES) 440 00:20:36,678 --> 00:20:37,979 CHARLIE: What does it smell like? 441 00:20:38,046 --> 00:20:39,848 -Oh, no. Whoa! -(LAUGHS) 442 00:20:39,914 --> 00:20:41,583 -What... It smells like something... -Like a... a... 443 00:20:41,649 --> 00:20:43,384 -a basement. -Like an old carpet? 444 00:20:43,484 --> 00:20:44,586 -Yes. Yes. -Yeah. 445 00:20:45,920 --> 00:20:50,258 We are preparing our dirt so that we can plant some seeds. 446 00:20:50,358 --> 00:20:52,694 CHARLIE: You do as much research as you can here on Earth, 447 00:20:52,760 --> 00:20:55,730 but once you go to Mars, you're doing it for the first time. 448 00:20:56,431 --> 00:20:58,399 That's a little scary to me, I have to be honest. 449 00:20:58,466 --> 00:21:00,201 CHARLIE: And this is the place to make mistakes. 450 00:21:00,268 --> 00:21:01,569 -Better here than on Mars. -Exactly. Exactly. 451 00:21:01,669 --> 00:21:03,504 So you can try to find a solution, you know. 452 00:21:03,571 --> 00:21:06,507 Now, we have spinach growing, thanks to your hair. 453 00:21:06,641 --> 00:21:08,209 So thank you so much for your contribution. 454 00:21:08,743 --> 00:21:11,012 -Uh. It's going all right. -It's going okay. 455 00:21:11,079 --> 00:21:15,450 We just kind of got a little bit curious about what Casey and Patrick are up to 456 00:21:15,583 --> 00:21:17,585 and it's kind of weird that we can't ask them. 457 00:21:17,652 --> 00:21:19,754 It's a little trickier than we thought to do stuff. 458 00:21:19,888 --> 00:21:23,892 Yeah. It's not bad. It's just not what I expected. 459 00:21:24,158 --> 00:21:25,560 (MUSIC PLAYING) 460 00:21:26,728 --> 00:21:30,098 All right, guys. Well, mission's over. How was your time on Mars? 461 00:21:30,198 --> 00:21:34,302 The people that go into space are so brave and so strong. 462 00:21:34,435 --> 00:21:37,639 The longer we were here, the more we missed basically everything from home. 463 00:21:37,705 --> 00:21:39,309 Yeah, and it helps you appreciate everything 464 00:21:39,384 --> 00:21:40,642 back on Earth just a little bit more. 465 00:21:40,708 --> 00:21:41,910 Thank so much, Michaela. 466 00:21:41,976 --> 00:21:43,545 -We had an absolutely great time. -CARLY: Thank you. 467 00:21:43,645 --> 00:21:45,447 Oh, you're very welcome. You did a great job, guys. 468 00:21:45,547 --> 00:21:47,115 -Have a safe journey back to Earth. -CHARLIE: Thanks. 469 00:21:47,582 --> 00:21:49,717 -Carly, I think I've got an idea. -Yeah? 470 00:21:49,817 --> 00:21:53,421 We should call Casey, Patrick, and Bob, tell them to meet us back at HQ, right? 471 00:21:53,521 --> 00:21:55,423 -Okay. -You, too, we'll meet you there. 472 00:21:55,490 --> 00:21:57,058 All right? See you soon. 473 00:21:59,627 --> 00:22:01,296 -CASEY: Hey, guys. -Oh, hey. 474 00:22:01,362 --> 00:22:02,630 -CHARLIE: Hey. -What's going on? 475 00:22:02,697 --> 00:22:04,832 -I just finished editing our video. 476 00:22:04,899 --> 00:22:06,267 -CASEY: All right. -Let's see it. 477 00:22:06,334 --> 00:22:09,037 The video that will send you guys into space. 478 00:22:09,337 --> 00:22:10,371 CARLY: Hmm. 479 00:22:11,706 --> 00:22:15,043 This whole time, we've been doing a lot of research on our Solar System, 480 00:22:15,176 --> 00:22:18,313 but there's one place that we realized we kind of overlooked. 481 00:22:18,646 --> 00:22:20,214 -Earth. -CARLY: The Earth sits 482 00:22:20,281 --> 00:22:23,451 right between Venus and Mars in a section of our Solar System 483 00:22:23,584 --> 00:22:26,254 that astronomers call the Goldilocks Zone. 484 00:22:26,379 --> 00:22:30,817 It's called that because it's the perfect distance from the Sun to support life. 485 00:22:31,893 --> 00:22:33,594 If Earth was closer to the Sun, 486 00:22:33,695 --> 00:22:36,831 it would get too hot and all of its water would evaporate. 487 00:22:37,298 --> 00:22:40,168 If it were further from the Sun, it would be too cold 488 00:22:40,435 --> 00:22:42,704 and the water would be locked in ice. 489 00:22:43,972 --> 00:22:47,608 That's what makes the Earth and the Goldilocks Zone so special. 490 00:22:47,675 --> 00:22:50,278 CHARLIE: There's an endless amount of information to unravel 491 00:22:50,378 --> 00:22:52,080 right here on our own planet. 492 00:22:52,146 --> 00:22:55,183 But the real reason it's our favorite place to be is, 493 00:22:55,350 --> 00:23:00,154 weird but true, Earth is the only planet that has our best friends. 494 00:23:00,455 --> 00:23:04,692 Casey, Patrick, Bob, and you. 495 00:23:04,759 --> 00:23:08,162 We can't imagine a better place in this entire universe 496 00:23:08,229 --> 00:23:11,966 than a planet where we can share everything we learn with you. 497 00:23:13,167 --> 00:23:14,168 (SIGHS) 498 00:23:14,369 --> 00:23:15,570 You're staying? 499 00:23:16,671 --> 00:23:18,239 -Yeah. -We're staying. 500 00:23:18,306 --> 00:23:20,908 -(CHEERING) -They're staying! 501 00:23:20,975 --> 00:23:22,744 The super team is sticking together. 502 00:23:22,810 --> 00:23:24,012 -Yes. -Yup. 503 00:23:24,078 --> 00:23:26,647 I had a vision this would happen all along. 504 00:23:26,748 --> 00:23:27,749 ALL: Oh! 505 00:23:28,182 --> 00:23:32,020 CARLY: That was a pretty close call, but now it looks like we're here to stay. 506 00:23:32,286 --> 00:23:34,722 Crafting together, researching together, 507 00:23:35,189 --> 00:23:38,359 and discovering more things that are weird, but true. 508 00:23:38,659 --> 00:23:39,894 We'll see you next time. 509 00:23:40,895 --> 00:23:43,364 (THEME MUSIC PLAYS) 510 00:23:45,400 --> 00:23:49,670 The Global Space Administration has selected the following applicants 511 00:23:49,871 --> 00:23:52,974 to be launched deep into our Solar System 512 00:23:53,074 --> 00:23:56,811 as part of the Interplanetary Expedition. 513 00:23:57,311 --> 00:24:00,948 Alabama Cones. Dr. Bill. 514 00:24:01,549 --> 00:24:05,253 And a bajillionaire, Chet Megabit. 515 00:24:05,953 --> 00:24:08,456 Thank you, and good luck. 516 00:24:08,740 --> 00:24:10,641 (MUSIC PLAYING)