1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:01:50,009 --> 00:01:55,448 A FORBIDDEN ORANGE 4 00:03:42,589 --> 00:03:47,026 'A Clockwork Orange' was released at the end of 1971 5 00:03:47,126 --> 00:03:48,895 in New York 6 00:03:48,962 --> 00:03:54,400 and in January, 1972, in London. 7 00:03:58,504 --> 00:04:00,506 The film had a big impact on me 8 00:04:01,407 --> 00:04:05,044 but also frustrated me 9 00:04:05,111 --> 00:04:07,947 because I didn't understand some of the dialogues. 10 00:04:08,047 --> 00:04:09,716 Of course, 11 00:04:09,816 --> 00:04:14,887 many years later, I found out that in the film 12 00:04:14,954 --> 00:04:16,923 they were speaking in a made-up language. 13 00:04:19,592 --> 00:04:24,530 'A Clockwork Orange' was preceded by the scent of scandal. 14 00:04:26,466 --> 00:04:30,903 Many said it was immoral and cruel, 15 00:04:31,004 --> 00:04:33,706 that it favoured crime, etc. 16 00:04:38,311 --> 00:04:40,947 At one point it was like an anathema, 17 00:04:41,814 --> 00:04:45,785 a persecution even. 18 00:04:46,786 --> 00:04:49,555 People didn't consider the values of the film, 19 00:04:49,622 --> 00:04:54,394 it was supposedly morally corrupt 20 00:04:54,494 --> 00:04:58,998 and this made Kubrick 21 00:04:59,065 --> 00:05:01,868 decide to withdraw the film. 22 00:05:01,968 --> 00:05:06,773 He removed it from the cinemas 23 00:05:06,839 --> 00:05:10,209 not wanting to feed into something that he said 24 00:05:10,276 --> 00:05:13,880 was extra-cinematographic. 25 00:05:57,623 --> 00:06:00,793 The film had a big impact 26 00:06:01,494 --> 00:06:04,997 all over the world 27 00:06:05,064 --> 00:06:08,468 and, at the same time, it disappeared. 28 00:06:09,068 --> 00:06:14,607 It had the aura of a cursed film. 29 00:06:59,485 --> 00:07:01,687 Spain is spilling its blood 30 00:07:01,754 --> 00:07:03,990 in the defence of civilisation. 31 00:07:24,043 --> 00:07:26,245 Back then, the majors had no control. 32 00:07:26,312 --> 00:07:30,116 Franco said that the money made from American films 33 00:07:30,483 --> 00:07:32,452 had to stay Spain. 34 00:07:32,518 --> 00:07:38,391 He even made it obligatory for all profits and royalties 35 00:07:38,491 --> 00:07:40,793 paid for American films 36 00:07:40,893 --> 00:07:43,029 to be invested in Spanish production. 37 00:08:19,765 --> 00:08:22,768 I've governed this state for 30 years 38 00:08:22,835 --> 00:08:26,038 saving the nation from the storms of our times 39 00:08:26,105 --> 00:08:28,975 and, despite it all, I'm still here, ready for anything. 40 00:08:34,280 --> 00:08:36,349 SPAIN IS WITH FRANCO 41 00:08:51,731 --> 00:08:53,966 WELCOME TO VALLADOLID 42 00:08:59,605 --> 00:09:04,810 In the 70s, Valladolid was an important university city 43 00:09:04,877 --> 00:09:06,746 and a big industrial city. 44 00:09:06,846 --> 00:09:09,916 The Renault factory was here, 45 00:09:10,016 --> 00:09:11,250 FASA-Renault. 46 00:09:13,886 --> 00:09:18,491 Back then, FASA had 15,000 workers 47 00:09:18,558 --> 00:09:23,129 so the province of Valladolid became depopulated 48 00:09:23,195 --> 00:09:27,133 and a many people moved to the capital. 49 00:09:29,635 --> 00:09:34,040 Up until then, Valladolid had been a typically rural city. 50 00:09:34,574 --> 00:09:38,044 The rural landowners were the ones in charge. 51 00:09:38,110 --> 00:09:41,280 Everything developed with FASA and blended together more 52 00:09:41,347 --> 00:09:44,116 but the social differences were still quite obvious. 53 00:09:44,650 --> 00:09:47,253 The neighbourhoods were very ordinary, 54 00:09:47,320 --> 00:09:51,924 the living conditions were terrible 55 00:09:51,991 --> 00:09:53,726 and the centre... 56 00:09:53,793 --> 00:09:56,929 The people that lived in the centre 57 00:09:56,996 --> 00:10:00,199 were bourgeois families and there weren't many of them. 58 00:10:00,266 --> 00:10:03,469 It's a city where the bourgeoisie are very connected 59 00:10:03,569 --> 00:10:07,707 with the rural world so it's rather conservative 60 00:10:07,807 --> 00:10:10,843 and was very devoted to Catholicism at the time. 61 00:10:10,910 --> 00:10:13,312 It wasn't completely Catholic, 62 00:10:13,412 --> 00:10:15,748 that would be excessive, 63 00:10:16,148 --> 00:10:20,086 but it gave the impression of a Catholic city 64 00:10:20,152 --> 00:10:22,922 with deeply-rooted traditions. 65 00:10:23,456 --> 00:10:25,758 The Procession of the Seven Words in Valladolid 66 00:10:25,825 --> 00:10:29,428 covers the city on horseback to the beat of drums and trumpets 67 00:10:29,528 --> 00:10:30,930 as is fitting for a town 68 00:10:30,997 --> 00:10:32,999 with a clear lineage of a noble cavalry. 69 00:10:33,065 --> 00:10:35,034 The city has 20 confraternities... 70 00:10:36,202 --> 00:10:39,772 There was also a buzzing university scene. 71 00:10:39,839 --> 00:10:42,308 There was a lot of activity, not only in faculties 72 00:10:42,408 --> 00:10:44,644 but in the colleges too. 73 00:10:44,710 --> 00:10:46,345 There were lots of activities. 74 00:10:47,046 --> 00:10:52,284 One thing that wasn't so common and easy for people to access 75 00:10:52,351 --> 00:10:54,487 was a normal level of culture. 76 00:10:54,553 --> 00:10:57,923 We were at home most of the time. 77 00:10:58,591 --> 00:11:00,559 We did go to the cinema. 78 00:11:00,993 --> 00:11:01,994 We went a lot. 79 00:11:02,428 --> 00:11:05,331 Sometimes three or four times a week. 80 00:11:09,368 --> 00:11:11,037 UNCLE TOM'S CABIN 81 00:11:16,642 --> 00:11:18,210 I worked in a bank 82 00:11:18,277 --> 00:11:22,148 but in the afternoon I worked at the family cinema. 83 00:11:25,584 --> 00:11:28,688 The seating area at the Roxy Cinema was my playground. 84 00:11:28,754 --> 00:11:32,525 I learnt how to run the box office, I helped them move the seats, 85 00:11:32,591 --> 00:11:36,529 I hid behind the curtains to see a bit of the adult film. 86 00:11:39,031 --> 00:11:42,601 Back then, cinema was the best distraction. 87 00:11:42,668 --> 00:11:43,769 It was my world. 88 00:11:45,705 --> 00:11:48,808 The first session was at 5 p.m. 89 00:11:49,375 --> 00:11:52,278 and we wouldn't just get 20 or 30 customers, 90 00:11:52,344 --> 00:11:55,147 we'd get 400 or 500. 91 00:11:55,715 --> 00:11:57,883 It was constantly sold out. 92 00:11:59,452 --> 00:12:01,253 It's some of my best memories. 93 00:12:01,320 --> 00:12:02,521 Your parents took you 94 00:12:02,588 --> 00:12:05,424 and you grew up with that fondness for the cinema, 95 00:12:05,524 --> 00:12:06,559 it was so important. 96 00:12:07,093 --> 00:12:10,563 There are few places I've been happier 97 00:12:10,629 --> 00:12:12,431 than in one of those cinemas. 98 00:12:13,566 --> 00:12:14,734 The lights went down 99 00:12:15,534 --> 00:12:19,071 and you waited anxiously for that beam of light 100 00:12:19,171 --> 00:12:22,975 to fill the screen with images. 101 00:12:23,042 --> 00:12:25,010 It was an absolutely magical moment. 102 00:12:25,077 --> 00:12:28,614 You were waiting for one of life's wonders. 103 00:12:30,983 --> 00:12:35,054 For me, the cinema was a break from everyday life. 104 00:12:35,121 --> 00:12:38,891 It was a fantasy world but also closely linked with reality, 105 00:12:39,325 --> 00:12:41,927 with wanting a different world. 106 00:12:42,328 --> 00:12:44,930 Through motion pictures, 107 00:12:45,331 --> 00:12:48,934 people discovered, people travelled, 108 00:12:49,001 --> 00:12:50,970 people formed an opinion. 109 00:12:51,036 --> 00:12:55,908 I think that cinema changed the pace of culture in Valladolid. 110 00:12:56,008 --> 00:12:59,078 First, because of the university scene 111 00:12:59,145 --> 00:13:03,883 but Film Week was also a decisive push. 112 00:13:03,949 --> 00:13:05,785 I loved Film Week 113 00:13:06,252 --> 00:13:08,687 because it changed the city. 114 00:13:08,754 --> 00:13:12,892 Suddenly, there were new things to see in Valladolid. 115 00:13:13,626 --> 00:13:19,565 I came to Valladolid in 1964. 116 00:13:19,632 --> 00:13:22,368 I had passed my exams 117 00:13:22,434 --> 00:13:26,438 to work for the Superior Body of State Administration 118 00:13:26,505 --> 00:13:29,608 and I specifically requested Valladolid 119 00:13:29,675 --> 00:13:32,044 because of International Film Week. 120 00:13:33,412 --> 00:13:35,714 The festival was founded 121 00:13:35,815 --> 00:13:39,652 by Antolín de Santiago y Juárez, 122 00:13:39,718 --> 00:13:41,921 Manager of Information and Tourism, 123 00:13:41,987 --> 00:13:45,791 a man with a gift for organisation. 124 00:13:45,891 --> 00:13:51,630 He wanted to set up a religious film festival. 125 00:13:51,730 --> 00:13:57,036 The festival was an extension of the Holy Week. 126 00:13:59,171 --> 00:14:01,707 It started with a mass 127 00:14:02,174 --> 00:14:06,679 which all of the guests attended. 128 00:14:07,413 --> 00:14:10,916 The fact that there were nuns and priests there was a talking point 129 00:14:10,983 --> 00:14:13,986 and they actually seemed the most interested in it. 130 00:14:14,086 --> 00:14:15,321 RELIGIOUS CINEMA WEEK 131 00:14:15,387 --> 00:14:18,224 The first session 132 00:14:18,324 --> 00:14:20,359 was for religious films 133 00:14:20,426 --> 00:14:25,364 and they showed a controversial film that people complained about. 134 00:14:29,735 --> 00:14:31,604 But the festival had to expand 135 00:14:31,670 --> 00:14:35,875 because there weren't that many good religious films 136 00:14:35,975 --> 00:14:40,613 and it started to include human problems. 137 00:14:40,679 --> 00:14:44,283 That was a big deal for the festival 138 00:14:44,350 --> 00:14:47,486 because it could now show all types of films. 139 00:14:47,553 --> 00:14:49,555 And it was called 140 00:14:49,655 --> 00:14:52,625 Religious and Human Values Film Festival. 141 00:14:53,192 --> 00:14:57,229 It's an umbrella term that covers so many things: 142 00:14:57,329 --> 00:14:59,732 social cinema, political cinema, 143 00:14:59,798 --> 00:15:03,869 cinema from a humanist point of view... 144 00:15:03,969 --> 00:15:07,072 I said there was room for everything, 145 00:15:07,172 --> 00:15:11,877 even eroticism, because eroticism is something profoundly human. 146 00:15:11,944 --> 00:15:17,283 It triggered broad discussion. 147 00:15:17,349 --> 00:15:19,251 It was a big change. 148 00:15:21,654 --> 00:15:24,924 They suggested risqué films, 149 00:15:24,990 --> 00:15:26,625 difficult films, 150 00:15:26,725 --> 00:15:28,627 controversial films. 151 00:15:28,727 --> 00:15:32,197 You weren't sure which planet they came from. 152 00:15:33,999 --> 00:15:37,202 You probably couldn't see what came to Seminci anywhere else. 153 00:15:37,269 --> 00:15:41,640 We started getting films from beyond the Iron Curtain 154 00:15:41,707 --> 00:15:44,510 that were hardly shown anywhere else. 155 00:15:44,610 --> 00:15:48,347 We had Felini's films, Rossellini's films... 156 00:15:49,048 --> 00:15:50,149 Ingmar Bergman. 157 00:15:50,249 --> 00:15:52,785 We had La Nouvelle Vague too. 158 00:15:52,885 --> 00:15:54,053 François Truffaut. 159 00:15:55,254 --> 00:15:57,156 Finally, we managed to get Buñuel. 160 00:15:58,524 --> 00:16:01,327 And we showed 'The Milky Way' 161 00:16:01,393 --> 00:16:02,795 and 'Simon of the Desert'. 162 00:16:03,362 --> 00:16:06,832 It was incredible but it got us into two tight spots. 163 00:16:06,932 --> 00:16:08,467 First with the archbishop 164 00:16:09,335 --> 00:16:11,437 who almost got into a fight with Antolín. 165 00:16:11,503 --> 00:16:14,807 And then with the cinematography course 166 00:16:15,274 --> 00:16:17,876 which was run by Father Staehlin and Father Landáburu 167 00:16:18,544 --> 00:16:20,646 who were also annoyed about the festival. 168 00:16:20,713 --> 00:16:23,048 There was a kind of tension: 169 00:16:23,115 --> 00:16:25,751 "We're going ahead with it but it'll cause a scene." 170 00:16:27,353 --> 00:16:31,790 They showed 'The Virgin Spring' 171 00:16:31,890 --> 00:16:34,126 which has a rape scene and all sorts 172 00:16:34,193 --> 00:16:38,230 and there was a bit of a panic because there were nuns there. 173 00:16:38,664 --> 00:16:41,934 It seemed strange to show Bergman's films 174 00:16:42,001 --> 00:16:44,370 in Religious Film Week 175 00:16:44,436 --> 00:16:48,807 and to see disturbing films... 176 00:16:48,874 --> 00:16:52,711 you didn't know how to feel about what you just saw. 177 00:16:55,247 --> 00:16:58,117 It was a cultural effervescence 178 00:16:58,183 --> 00:17:01,887 made possible by Film Week. 179 00:17:01,954 --> 00:17:04,757 They showed films 180 00:17:05,624 --> 00:17:07,493 that really shocked people 181 00:17:07,893 --> 00:17:10,763 but everyone still wanted to see them. 182 00:17:11,363 --> 00:17:16,802 The cinemas were sold out every single day in Film Week. 183 00:17:17,302 --> 00:17:22,641 For me, Film Week opened my mind up to the world. 184 00:17:32,718 --> 00:17:37,256 Intellectual and cultural curiosity 185 00:17:37,322 --> 00:17:40,559 was rife among young people. 186 00:17:41,560 --> 00:17:45,464 With censorship ever present, 187 00:17:45,564 --> 00:17:47,966 they looked for subterfuges 188 00:17:48,033 --> 00:17:52,871 and ways to keep the flame of culture alive however they could. 189 00:18:14,993 --> 00:18:19,331 On the churches' religious notice boards 190 00:18:19,398 --> 00:18:21,733 next to the scheduled masses 191 00:18:21,800 --> 00:18:26,105 you'd find the events' moral ratings. 192 00:18:26,205 --> 00:18:27,906 You could look up the films 193 00:18:28,006 --> 00:18:30,709 and were only supposed to watch the ones rated one, 194 00:18:30,809 --> 00:18:32,711 suitable for all audiences. 195 00:18:43,822 --> 00:18:49,094 Franco's regime was most strict about cinematic censorship. 196 00:18:49,428 --> 00:18:52,865 It was easy to do across many levels, 197 00:18:52,965 --> 00:18:57,803 not just in the traditional way of cutting the footage, 198 00:18:57,870 --> 00:19:02,207 but also by introducing a verbal censorship 199 00:19:02,274 --> 00:19:04,443 which meant changing the dialogues. 200 00:19:04,943 --> 00:19:08,280 There's the famous case of the film 'Mogambo' 201 00:19:08,347 --> 00:19:11,116 where censorship was used 202 00:19:11,183 --> 00:19:16,255 to make the romantic relationships clearer 203 00:19:16,321 --> 00:19:19,358 but they actually made it so that there was incest 204 00:19:19,424 --> 00:19:21,894 instead of adultery, 205 00:19:21,960 --> 00:19:26,431 which is a much bigger sin. 206 00:19:26,532 --> 00:19:30,669 Besides those manipulations, 207 00:19:30,769 --> 00:19:33,272 omissions and changes, 208 00:19:33,372 --> 00:19:38,944 the worst thing was not getting films that were being shown elsewhere. 209 00:19:39,044 --> 00:19:42,681 We didn't get the risqué films, 210 00:19:43,448 --> 00:19:47,286 neither the erotic ones 211 00:19:47,352 --> 00:19:49,521 nor the political ones. 212 00:19:49,588 --> 00:19:53,559 For example, Kubrick's 'Paths of Glory', 213 00:19:53,625 --> 00:19:57,963 the anti-war film which was one of his best works, 214 00:19:58,530 --> 00:19:59,665 didn't make it here. 215 00:20:45,644 --> 00:20:48,313 Francoism was terrible. 216 00:20:48,413 --> 00:20:52,751 It was so dark and so brutal, 217 00:20:52,851 --> 00:20:55,087 something beyond comparison. 218 00:20:55,520 --> 00:20:59,424 Everything that was most in touch with the times, 219 00:20:59,524 --> 00:21:04,363 that modernity that you longed to be a part of, 220 00:21:04,429 --> 00:21:06,265 was completely blocked. 221 00:22:04,589 --> 00:22:07,225 The Police claim she has committed cruel acts. 222 00:22:07,326 --> 00:22:08,493 Yes, an interesting case. 223 00:22:22,841 --> 00:22:25,043 We'll try to make you useful 224 00:22:26,611 --> 00:22:27,913 in accordance with the law. 225 00:23:11,356 --> 00:23:14,559 It's time for our third film programme 226 00:23:14,626 --> 00:23:16,928 where you can see the film 'A Clockwork Orange', 227 00:23:17,529 --> 00:23:20,632 produced in 1971 by Warner Bros. 228 00:23:20,999 --> 00:23:22,601 and directed by Stanley Kubrick. 229 00:23:43,555 --> 00:23:45,724 MR. HERCULES AGAINST KARATE 230 00:24:00,272 --> 00:24:03,442 You either went to secret or clandestine screenings 231 00:24:03,508 --> 00:24:05,076 or you had to go abroad. 232 00:24:07,212 --> 00:24:11,216 Visiting Paris was more than just the Eiffel Tower 233 00:24:11,283 --> 00:24:12,717 or the Champs-Élysées, 234 00:24:12,784 --> 00:24:16,922 it also meant discovering the cinemas 235 00:24:17,255 --> 00:24:21,993 and Buñuel's films that hadn't made it to Spain, 236 00:24:22,093 --> 00:24:23,595 along with other directors. 237 00:24:25,330 --> 00:24:29,801 On the weekend in Catalonia, especially in Barcelona, 238 00:24:29,868 --> 00:24:33,772 they organised trips to Perpignan 239 00:24:33,839 --> 00:24:37,075 to see films like 'Emanuelle' or 'Last Tango In Paris'. 240 00:24:37,175 --> 00:24:40,645 It was like La Rambla over there, 241 00:24:40,712 --> 00:24:42,914 everyone knew and greeted each other. 242 00:24:43,014 --> 00:24:45,884 Then they did a marathon viewing. 243 00:24:45,951 --> 00:24:49,654 The screenings started at 3 p.m. 244 00:24:49,721 --> 00:24:51,990 and then they would run to another cinema 245 00:24:52,090 --> 00:24:56,528 because they had tickets to watch two more films, 246 00:24:56,595 --> 00:24:59,164 erotic ones, and others that were banned in Spain. 247 00:25:10,709 --> 00:25:13,712 I saw it in Montreal, in Canada, 248 00:25:13,812 --> 00:25:18,483 in 1973, something like that. 249 00:25:19,084 --> 00:25:23,488 I thought it would be difficult for this to make it to Spain, 250 00:25:23,555 --> 00:25:25,557 the censorship was very strict 251 00:25:25,624 --> 00:25:30,529 and the chances of us getting it were very slim. 252 00:25:30,996 --> 00:25:32,464 I put it to the back of my mind 253 00:25:32,831 --> 00:25:36,868 and then in 1975 254 00:25:36,968 --> 00:25:38,803 I directed the festival 255 00:25:38,870 --> 00:25:42,774 and the possibility of showing 'A Clockwork Orange' came up. 256 00:25:48,213 --> 00:25:50,916 Warner Bros. called me 257 00:25:51,016 --> 00:25:56,955 and said: "Hey, we're interested in showing 'A Clockwork Orange' 258 00:25:57,055 --> 00:25:57,923 in Valladolid 259 00:25:59,224 --> 00:26:02,627 and the General Bureau of Cinema has agreed." 260 00:26:05,764 --> 00:26:10,468 The simple fact that the General Bureau of Cinema 261 00:26:10,569 --> 00:26:12,904 and the distributor, Warner Bros., 262 00:26:13,772 --> 00:26:18,343 were considering giving Valladolid a chance 263 00:26:18,443 --> 00:26:20,645 gave us a certain status. 264 00:26:20,712 --> 00:26:23,748 The stars aligned because, in February, 265 00:26:23,848 --> 00:26:26,585 there was a post in the State Official Bulletin 266 00:26:26,952 --> 00:26:30,288 saying that the censorship control system had been suspended. 267 00:26:34,359 --> 00:26:36,328 The regime's leaders also realised 268 00:26:36,394 --> 00:26:38,763 that this couldn't go on for much longer 269 00:26:38,830 --> 00:26:42,167 and maybe saw the film as a way to show people 270 00:26:42,233 --> 00:26:46,037 that they could be modern too 271 00:26:46,104 --> 00:26:48,873 by showing things that were controversial and risqué. 272 00:26:48,974 --> 00:26:50,976 A propagandistic way 273 00:26:51,042 --> 00:26:54,913 of showing that the regimen was starting to change. 274 00:26:55,013 --> 00:26:58,350 In Spain, it was a milestone 275 00:26:58,450 --> 00:27:04,155 to think that 'A Clockwork Orange' might be shown in cinemas 276 00:27:04,255 --> 00:27:05,423 relatively soon. 277 00:27:44,996 --> 00:27:48,733 They did an experiment in Valladolid in 1974 278 00:27:48,800 --> 00:27:51,770 and there was quite a commotion 279 00:27:52,303 --> 00:27:54,372 at the doors of a cinema 280 00:27:54,439 --> 00:27:57,008 that was showing 'Jesus Christ Superstar'. 281 00:27:59,944 --> 00:28:01,346 There was a real outcry, 282 00:28:01,446 --> 00:28:03,815 and it's funny because the film isn't... 283 00:28:03,882 --> 00:28:06,918 So much so that 'Jesus Christ Superstar' 284 00:28:06,985 --> 00:28:11,990 was authorised on a Friday to be shown on a Sunday 285 00:28:12,390 --> 00:28:16,194 by the Council of Ministers 286 00:28:16,294 --> 00:28:18,329 headed by Franco himself. 287 00:28:19,064 --> 00:28:20,665 With that in mind, 288 00:28:20,765 --> 00:28:25,704 when they suggested that we screen 289 00:28:26,104 --> 00:28:29,307 'A Clockwork Orange' we decided to go ahead 290 00:28:29,407 --> 00:28:32,944 thinking we'd be dropping a bomb, and we sure were. 291 00:29:04,275 --> 00:29:06,611 CONFLICTIVE CITY 292 00:29:06,678 --> 00:29:07,879 PEACEFUL RALLY 293 00:29:07,946 --> 00:29:09,214 THE STRIKE 294 00:29:09,280 --> 00:29:10,682 POLITICAL STRIKE 295 00:29:10,749 --> 00:29:12,050 PROTEST MARCH 296 00:29:12,117 --> 00:29:15,353 FASA Renault went on strike, so did construction... 297 00:29:15,453 --> 00:29:19,591 The neighbourhoods were destroyed, there was a lot of social activity. 298 00:29:19,691 --> 00:29:23,194 Other industries were also on strike, fighting over agreements 299 00:29:23,294 --> 00:29:25,463 and the improvement of working conditions. 300 00:29:27,966 --> 00:29:31,069 Lock-ins and assemblies in churches were common 301 00:29:31,169 --> 00:29:33,872 and some working priests 302 00:29:33,972 --> 00:29:37,709 said they were sent by the church to catechize the workers 303 00:29:37,809 --> 00:29:40,445 and then the workers ended up unionising them. 304 00:29:48,720 --> 00:29:51,656 MADRID, BARCELONA AND SALAMANCA UNIVERSITIES ON FULL STRIKE 305 00:29:51,723 --> 00:29:54,592 WARNING NOTES IN UNIVERSITIES 306 00:29:54,692 --> 00:29:56,928 Valladolid had a population of 200,000 people 307 00:29:57,796 --> 00:30:00,231 and 30,000 of them were students 308 00:30:00,331 --> 00:30:04,502 so the political atmosphere was quite combative. 309 00:30:12,010 --> 00:30:14,212 In 1975, 310 00:30:14,279 --> 00:30:19,083 I was studying English philology at the University of Valladolid. 311 00:30:20,318 --> 00:30:23,922 A singer songwriter, Elisa Serna, came to perform a concert 312 00:30:23,988 --> 00:30:26,157 which was later banned. 313 00:30:27,992 --> 00:30:30,495 However, the concert went ahead 314 00:30:30,562 --> 00:30:34,999 because the ministerial order stated 315 00:30:35,066 --> 00:30:37,268 that the Police couldn't access the campus 316 00:30:37,368 --> 00:30:41,206 so it wasn't a problem. 317 00:30:43,041 --> 00:30:45,877 But that's not what happened, the Police came in 318 00:30:45,944 --> 00:30:49,881 using their batons to break up the concert. 319 00:30:49,948 --> 00:30:51,583 We all scrambled to get out 320 00:30:51,683 --> 00:30:56,287 but some were luckier than others 321 00:30:56,354 --> 00:31:00,525 and several of us got a good beating. 322 00:31:01,626 --> 00:31:05,864 My father was Republican and a reprisal victim and he said: 323 00:31:05,964 --> 00:31:10,768 "My girl, this is all very well but ideas are one thing 324 00:31:10,835 --> 00:31:12,904 and political activism is another." 325 00:31:14,005 --> 00:31:18,209 That concert changed the University of Valladolid completely. 326 00:31:18,276 --> 00:31:22,480 To set an example 327 00:31:23,014 --> 00:31:25,483 for other universities, 328 00:31:25,550 --> 00:31:28,753 the government decided to end the academic year. 329 00:31:29,520 --> 00:31:32,223 THE CLOSURE OF THE UNIVERSITY 330 00:31:32,323 --> 00:31:33,825 The university closed, 331 00:31:34,425 --> 00:31:38,196 a decision made by the then-rector, José Ramón del Sol. 332 00:31:38,263 --> 00:31:40,932 He came out of the Faculty of Medicine 333 00:31:40,999 --> 00:31:44,369 and there was an assembly in the street 334 00:31:44,435 --> 00:31:46,037 with people throwing eggs 335 00:31:46,104 --> 00:31:49,073 and calling for him to resign. 336 00:31:49,173 --> 00:31:53,912 That made the academic authorities get together 337 00:31:54,012 --> 00:31:56,881 and put up a note saying that, 338 00:31:56,948 --> 00:31:59,183 because of the trouble at the university, 339 00:31:59,284 --> 00:32:03,588 all academic activity was suspended indefinitely. 340 00:32:03,688 --> 00:32:08,426 The regimen was very much alive in Valladolid 341 00:32:08,526 --> 00:32:09,894 and other parts of the state 342 00:32:10,628 --> 00:32:14,933 and the punishment for belonging to certain political organisations 343 00:32:14,999 --> 00:32:16,668 even involved prison. 344 00:32:16,768 --> 00:32:20,772 The Political-Social Brigade that had been at its peak 345 00:32:21,172 --> 00:32:24,742 and seemed to have died down towards the end of the 60s 346 00:32:25,343 --> 00:32:29,614 recovered its bad reputation 347 00:32:29,681 --> 00:32:32,951 with mass arrests at the university 348 00:32:33,051 --> 00:32:36,587 and among FASA-Renault workers. 349 00:32:36,688 --> 00:32:38,556 A group of students from the university 350 00:32:38,623 --> 00:32:40,525 were sentenced to years in prison 351 00:32:40,591 --> 00:32:44,529 and one of them 352 00:32:44,595 --> 00:32:48,800 had what was supposedly an accident at the Felipe II Police Station. 353 00:32:48,866 --> 00:32:50,668 They said he tried to flee 354 00:32:51,069 --> 00:32:53,237 via the interior patios of the station 355 00:32:53,838 --> 00:32:58,609 but Cancho has always said that they threw him 356 00:32:58,943 --> 00:33:03,881 from inside the station onto the interior patio. 357 00:33:11,189 --> 00:33:15,193 Imagine all of those continuous combustions 358 00:33:15,293 --> 00:33:18,930 in a city with a relatively small population, 359 00:33:19,330 --> 00:33:21,666 and then overnight 360 00:33:21,766 --> 00:33:26,037 the Seminci announced that, in April, 361 00:33:26,104 --> 00:33:28,039 to celebrate its 20th edition, 362 00:33:28,106 --> 00:33:33,077 there would be a special screening of 'A Clockwork Orange'. 363 00:33:33,144 --> 00:33:36,614 It shook up the cultural scene. 364 00:33:36,681 --> 00:33:39,717 It was a war-like challenge 365 00:33:39,784 --> 00:33:42,587 to show something that wasn't approved of 366 00:33:42,687 --> 00:33:45,623 and had caused such conflict. 367 00:33:45,723 --> 00:33:47,992 Expectations were really high. 368 00:34:18,890 --> 00:34:22,427 Fifteen or twenty days before the festival, 369 00:34:22,527 --> 00:34:24,495 Warner Bros. called me and said: 370 00:34:24,562 --> 00:34:29,634 "Look, we want to check your copy 371 00:34:30,068 --> 00:34:31,269 of 'A Clockwork Orange' 372 00:34:31,369 --> 00:34:36,007 because we're not sure it's in perfect condition." 373 00:34:36,074 --> 00:34:40,912 So, the copy of the film left Valladolid 374 00:34:41,012 --> 00:34:42,046 and headed for Madrid. 375 00:34:46,317 --> 00:34:50,121 But two days after sending the film back 376 00:34:50,188 --> 00:34:53,724 Warner Bros. called me again: "Look, we're really sorry, 377 00:34:54,092 --> 00:34:58,663 but Kubrick won't authorise the screening of this film." 378 00:34:58,763 --> 00:34:59,664 You're kidding? 379 00:35:00,665 --> 00:35:02,033 We couldn't believe it... 380 00:35:02,133 --> 00:35:06,671 It was just over a week before the festival. 381 00:35:08,773 --> 00:35:13,077 Kubrick didn't think that Valladolid was the right place 382 00:35:13,144 --> 00:35:19,050 to release and present the film in Spain. 383 00:35:19,117 --> 00:35:22,787 He had probably heard that Valladolid still had 384 00:35:22,887 --> 00:35:25,556 an international reputation 385 00:35:25,623 --> 00:35:29,594 for being strongly linked to religious cinema. 386 00:35:29,694 --> 00:35:32,330 I also think he heard 387 00:35:33,664 --> 00:35:37,034 that at the Valladolid Festival 388 00:35:37,135 --> 00:35:40,571 the 35mm projection equipment 389 00:35:40,638 --> 00:35:45,743 wasn't good enough to guarantee the screening 390 00:35:46,310 --> 00:35:49,614 that he wanted for the film. 391 00:35:49,680 --> 00:35:53,518 He was an obsessive perfectionist. 392 00:35:57,722 --> 00:36:00,691 I spent a whole week with him, 393 00:36:01,325 --> 00:36:03,194 every day, for many hours, 394 00:36:03,694 --> 00:36:06,931 when I started working on the translation 395 00:36:07,532 --> 00:36:09,800 and subsequent dubbing of The Shining. 396 00:36:09,867 --> 00:36:11,969 I'd done A Clockwork Orange before 397 00:36:12,036 --> 00:36:15,873 and I was thrilled to be staying in a big hotel next to his house. 398 00:36:16,307 --> 00:36:19,076 One day, I asked him for something 399 00:36:19,143 --> 00:36:23,281 that I knew he didn't want to give me, 400 00:36:23,347 --> 00:36:24,882 an interview. 401 00:36:51,275 --> 00:36:54,111 I never felt like I was talking to a star 402 00:36:55,046 --> 00:36:57,048 but that's what he was. 403 00:37:00,184 --> 00:37:03,154 He had something that I really value in people, 404 00:37:03,254 --> 00:37:07,792 especially those of such an artistic level, 405 00:37:07,892 --> 00:37:10,995 which was an interest in others. 406 00:37:11,095 --> 00:37:15,066 Instead of talking about his films or Hollywood, 407 00:37:15,166 --> 00:37:16,601 which didn't interest him, 408 00:37:16,667 --> 00:37:19,503 he asked you questions about things like Spanish politics 409 00:37:19,604 --> 00:37:21,872 and the Spanish Civil War. 410 00:37:45,062 --> 00:37:48,933 He wasn't a proud and arrogant man 411 00:37:49,567 --> 00:37:51,936 or even that sure of himself. 412 00:37:52,303 --> 00:37:55,273 He was a friendly person 413 00:37:56,274 --> 00:38:00,811 and one thing really stood out for me, 414 00:38:00,878 --> 00:38:03,614 something more important than somebody's character, 415 00:38:03,681 --> 00:38:06,851 whether they're good or bad, nasty or nice, 416 00:38:07,451 --> 00:38:09,320 which was his exigency. 417 00:38:09,687 --> 00:38:12,290 The level of exigency 418 00:38:13,024 --> 00:38:16,761 that he imposed on himself 419 00:38:18,396 --> 00:38:22,633 wasn't just a quirk or a hangup, as many people have said... 420 00:38:22,967 --> 00:38:26,370 "He was a maniac, he was crazy, he was a pain", 421 00:38:26,437 --> 00:38:28,239 that's all been said about Kubrick. 422 00:38:28,306 --> 00:38:31,042 He was a maniac, he was crazy, he was a pain 423 00:38:31,542 --> 00:38:33,077 when it came to quality. 424 00:38:33,144 --> 00:38:39,083 That's one of the things I admire most in artists. 425 00:41:19,677 --> 00:41:25,749 Legend and Kubrick go hand in hand together. 426 00:41:25,850 --> 00:41:27,151 They used to say... 427 00:41:27,251 --> 00:41:31,088 and when I asked him he just smiled 428 00:41:31,455 --> 00:41:34,024 as if to say: "Believe whatever you want", 429 00:41:34,558 --> 00:41:39,763 that he even sent spies to the big cities 430 00:41:39,830 --> 00:41:43,334 in the countries where his films were going to be shown 431 00:41:43,934 --> 00:41:50,007 to find out whether the cinema had the right conditions 432 00:41:50,074 --> 00:41:53,244 so that the creation that he had filmed, 433 00:41:54,011 --> 00:41:56,447 shot and translated, 434 00:41:57,081 --> 00:41:59,884 with him guiding the translators, 435 00:41:59,950 --> 00:42:01,151 for so long 436 00:42:01,986 --> 00:42:05,956 was up to the same standards 437 00:42:06,023 --> 00:42:08,359 that he demanded of himself. 438 00:42:11,962 --> 00:42:14,798 In fact, I remember reading 439 00:42:14,865 --> 00:42:17,334 that even for the premier in New York 440 00:42:17,401 --> 00:42:21,672 he demanded a certain size screen. 441 00:42:21,772 --> 00:42:24,475 If Stanley Kubrick thought 442 00:42:24,575 --> 00:42:28,612 that instead of showing it at Madrid's Gran Vía 443 00:42:28,679 --> 00:42:30,114 or Lope de Vega cinemas, 444 00:42:30,214 --> 00:42:32,550 it should be shown at the Carlos III Cinema, 445 00:42:33,050 --> 00:42:34,718 a much less important one, 446 00:42:34,785 --> 00:42:37,922 it would premier at the Carlos III because he said so 447 00:42:37,988 --> 00:42:41,225 and he thought his film was right for that cinema. 448 00:42:41,325 --> 00:42:45,629 He was capable of refusing to screen one of his films 449 00:42:45,729 --> 00:42:50,234 because the colour of the room didn't go well enough 450 00:42:50,334 --> 00:42:52,870 with the colours in the film 451 00:42:52,970 --> 00:42:55,306 so he wouldn't let it go ahead. 452 00:42:55,406 --> 00:42:59,810 He had full control over the exploitation of his film. 453 00:42:59,877 --> 00:43:02,513 He wanted to control everything 454 00:43:02,613 --> 00:43:05,182 from production and management to exhibition, 455 00:43:05,282 --> 00:43:06,984 which the big majors do nowadays. 456 00:43:08,852 --> 00:43:11,188 Warner Bros. were very interested 457 00:43:11,288 --> 00:43:14,959 in showing the film in Valladolid 458 00:43:15,025 --> 00:43:17,928 which would open the doors 459 00:43:17,995 --> 00:43:22,933 for the possible normal commercial distribution of the film. 460 00:43:23,367 --> 00:43:27,571 They called me and said: "We're going to work on Kubrick 461 00:43:27,638 --> 00:43:29,773 and try to get his permission". 462 00:43:32,743 --> 00:43:37,448 Warner Bros. sent one of their managers, 463 00:43:37,514 --> 00:43:40,351 Angel Corbi, to London 464 00:43:40,451 --> 00:43:45,723 to convince Kubrick to authorise 465 00:43:45,789 --> 00:43:48,926 the screening of the film in Valladolid. 466 00:43:50,728 --> 00:43:54,164 He came to see me when he got back 467 00:43:54,231 --> 00:43:56,600 and told me to write him a letter 468 00:43:56,667 --> 00:44:01,171 saying that the film would be screened 469 00:44:01,238 --> 00:44:03,273 at the University of Valladolid. 470 00:44:04,208 --> 00:44:06,343 He thought that telling him 471 00:44:06,910 --> 00:44:10,347 that the film would be shown exclusively 472 00:44:10,447 --> 00:44:12,950 at the University 473 00:44:13,050 --> 00:44:16,353 might convince him to give his permission. 474 00:44:17,254 --> 00:44:20,791 It was our only chance and we had to give it a go. 475 00:44:23,527 --> 00:44:25,629 I wrote a letter explaining 476 00:44:26,196 --> 00:44:31,068 about the festival's personality, 477 00:44:31,168 --> 00:44:33,270 what our approach was, 478 00:44:33,370 --> 00:44:35,906 that it was progressive 479 00:44:36,006 --> 00:44:39,443 and the film would be screened 480 00:44:40,077 --> 00:44:41,512 for the university. 481 00:44:43,080 --> 00:44:46,884 That's how we got Kubrick to give us his permission. 482 00:45:24,555 --> 00:45:28,492 That the festival management, 483 00:45:28,559 --> 00:45:30,894 Romero with his letter 484 00:45:31,295 --> 00:45:34,164 and the representative from Warner Bros. Spain, 485 00:45:34,231 --> 00:45:39,636 did something all too common among epic Spanish characters, 486 00:45:40,070 --> 00:45:43,607 who use every trick in the book 487 00:45:43,674 --> 00:45:45,876 to make things happen that, 488 00:45:47,144 --> 00:45:50,080 seen from any other angle, are absolutely impossible. 489 00:45:50,147 --> 00:45:53,283 Although I'd said that the film 490 00:45:53,350 --> 00:45:55,652 was going to be shown at the university, 491 00:45:56,253 --> 00:45:59,156 I didn't really trick him 492 00:45:59,223 --> 00:46:04,962 because the audience that watched it in the Carrión 493 00:46:05,529 --> 00:46:09,133 was exclusively from the university. 494 00:46:09,199 --> 00:46:12,169 The university world was fired up, 495 00:46:12,236 --> 00:46:14,972 coming off the back of an exceptional situation. 496 00:46:15,405 --> 00:46:17,674 The fact that a film was being shown 497 00:46:17,775 --> 00:46:20,944 that had been banned and censored for four years 498 00:46:21,044 --> 00:46:22,613 since its release 499 00:46:23,013 --> 00:46:27,885 made the university students 500 00:46:27,951 --> 00:46:31,555 lose control, 501 00:46:31,922 --> 00:46:35,125 it was a reward, a cultural uprising. 502 00:46:36,627 --> 00:46:37,761 You had to go! 503 00:46:52,943 --> 00:46:57,114 'A Clockwork Orange' was such an attraction, 504 00:46:57,214 --> 00:46:59,449 an unhealthy one, you might say, 505 00:46:59,983 --> 00:47:03,453 and people queued as far as the eye could see. 506 00:47:05,289 --> 00:47:09,193 I remember the cinema surrounded by people waiting. 507 00:47:09,293 --> 00:47:11,528 I was in that queue 508 00:47:11,595 --> 00:47:13,730 and people even brought sleeping bags. 509 00:47:13,797 --> 00:47:17,067 Some people slept out there all night. 510 00:47:17,167 --> 00:47:19,469 They were taking it in turns. 511 00:47:19,570 --> 00:47:21,872 Two hours each and then switch. 512 00:47:21,972 --> 00:47:25,542 I remember at one point the Police went by, 513 00:47:25,642 --> 00:47:27,277 maybe somebody said something, 514 00:47:27,344 --> 00:47:29,746 and then charged 515 00:47:29,847 --> 00:47:31,281 scattering the queue 516 00:47:31,348 --> 00:47:33,317 only for it to reform later on. 517 00:47:33,383 --> 00:47:37,921 And the next day they rushed in 518 00:47:37,988 --> 00:47:42,626 as if they'd been tied down, everyone running to get there first. 519 00:47:45,562 --> 00:47:49,433 When the tickets were supposed to go on sale, 520 00:47:50,133 --> 00:47:53,370 they called me and said there was a problem, 521 00:47:54,004 --> 00:47:56,473 there were no tickets left at the Carrión. 522 00:47:57,307 --> 00:48:00,711 "No tickets? But they're not even on sale yet." 523 00:48:00,811 --> 00:48:05,449 "Yes, but there are no tickets for 'A Clockwork Orange'." 524 00:48:06,083 --> 00:48:10,487 We went straight over. 525 00:48:10,554 --> 00:48:15,626 When we saw the queue, Carmelo and I got a shock. 526 00:48:15,726 --> 00:48:18,095 We thought: "This is going to get messy." 527 00:48:19,663 --> 00:48:22,032 We asked the ticket operator what was wrong. 528 00:48:22,132 --> 00:48:25,869 "Sir, the owner of the cinema, 529 00:48:25,969 --> 00:48:30,574 has given all of the tickets for 'A Clockwork Orange' 530 00:48:30,641 --> 00:48:34,311 to their friends, contacts, etc. 531 00:48:34,411 --> 00:48:36,747 and there are none left." 532 00:48:36,847 --> 00:48:40,851 None of the people waiting outside 533 00:48:41,385 --> 00:48:43,887 could get in because there were no tickets. 534 00:48:44,187 --> 00:48:45,589 "What do you mean? 535 00:48:45,689 --> 00:48:47,991 What am I going to do with all of these people 536 00:48:48,091 --> 00:48:50,928 who have been queueing for over 24 hours 537 00:48:50,994 --> 00:48:53,997 waiting to see the film?" 538 00:48:54,064 --> 00:48:56,133 "I don't know, there are no tickets." 539 00:48:56,199 --> 00:49:00,370 They cancelled the tickets that had been assigned beforehand. 540 00:49:00,704 --> 00:49:02,506 They brought out some new tickets, 541 00:49:02,606 --> 00:49:05,642 gave them to the ticket operator and said: 542 00:49:05,709 --> 00:49:08,211 "Use these ones". 543 00:49:08,946 --> 00:49:14,251 The poor woman looked like she'd just seen a ghost. 544 00:49:14,318 --> 00:49:18,155 He had given one thousand tickets 545 00:49:18,588 --> 00:49:22,793 to all the people who wanted to see the film 546 00:49:22,893 --> 00:49:24,294 and hadn't queued. 547 00:49:24,361 --> 00:49:28,532 It had a big impact but it was well organised 548 00:49:28,598 --> 00:49:30,033 and sorted out properly. 549 00:49:30,133 --> 00:49:34,371 The tickets sold out immediately. 550 00:49:34,438 --> 00:49:38,809 The only inconvenience, besides spending the night outside, 551 00:49:39,242 --> 00:49:41,912 was that lots of people in the queue 552 00:49:42,312 --> 00:49:47,050 were planning to buy ten or twelve tickets for their friends 553 00:49:47,584 --> 00:49:50,887 but were met with the unpleasant surprise 554 00:49:50,954 --> 00:49:55,625 that the organisers were only selling two tickets per person. 555 00:49:55,726 --> 00:49:59,830 So the friend that got to the front was only given two tickets 556 00:49:59,930 --> 00:50:01,365 to share with everyone... 557 00:50:02,432 --> 00:50:04,768 it was a big disappointment. 558 00:50:05,335 --> 00:50:09,272 We were such good friends that we drew straws for the tickets 559 00:50:10,173 --> 00:50:12,843 and my husband and I ended up with them 560 00:50:13,310 --> 00:50:14,945 so we went to see it 561 00:50:15,045 --> 00:50:17,347 and our expectations were very high. 562 00:50:21,318 --> 00:50:24,187 There was an organised way to pick up the tickets 563 00:50:24,287 --> 00:50:26,990 and enter the cinema in an orderly fashion. 564 00:50:27,758 --> 00:50:30,027 My role at the cinema 565 00:50:30,127 --> 00:50:35,065 was to make sure nothing went wrong during the screening. 566 00:50:35,165 --> 00:50:38,702 The city was divided: those who were excited 567 00:50:38,802 --> 00:50:41,438 and those who sat at the front saying the rosary, 568 00:50:41,505 --> 00:50:42,973 they couldn't believe it. 569 00:50:43,407 --> 00:50:45,308 Peace wasn't guaranteed. 570 00:50:45,409 --> 00:50:50,113 The previous year a film by Carlos Saura had been shown, 571 00:50:50,213 --> 00:50:51,615 'Cousin Angelica'. 572 00:50:51,681 --> 00:50:55,719 I went to see it in Gijón and they stopped the film 573 00:50:55,786 --> 00:51:00,757 because Falange, very right-wing people 574 00:51:01,091 --> 00:51:03,727 didn't like how they were portrayed. 575 00:51:03,794 --> 00:51:08,331 The Police had their eye on it. 576 00:51:08,398 --> 00:51:14,371 There was a small group of anti-riot police in the cinema. 577 00:51:14,438 --> 00:51:16,706 They were keeping an eye on what was going on. 578 00:51:19,609 --> 00:51:24,047 I decided to go up to the projection booth 579 00:51:24,881 --> 00:51:28,752 to make sure that nothing went wrong 580 00:51:28,852 --> 00:51:31,354 and that everything was running smoothly. 581 00:51:36,560 --> 00:51:39,296 I watched it from up here, from where we're filming. 582 00:51:40,030 --> 00:51:41,765 It was full to the rafters. 583 00:51:41,832 --> 00:51:44,835 Everyone was absolutely silent, there wasn't a sound. 584 00:51:44,935 --> 00:51:46,903 Silent and excited 585 00:51:47,003 --> 00:51:50,240 to see what we'd waited all night for, 586 00:51:50,307 --> 00:51:53,710 what it was like, we didn't want to miss a thing. 587 00:52:23,173 --> 00:52:25,775 Half way through the film, 588 00:52:26,376 --> 00:52:28,845 the Police rang me 589 00:52:28,912 --> 00:52:31,715 to say there was a bomb in the cinema. 590 00:52:32,949 --> 00:52:34,050 Oh my God... 591 00:52:34,584 --> 00:52:37,988 Back then, bomb alerts 592 00:52:38,388 --> 00:52:41,558 were relatively common 593 00:52:41,925 --> 00:52:47,564 at cultural and problematic events. 594 00:52:48,565 --> 00:52:51,268 Calling up and saying: 595 00:52:51,368 --> 00:52:54,471 "Hey, there's a bomb in such a such place" 596 00:52:54,571 --> 00:52:57,874 meant the activity would be stopped 597 00:52:57,974 --> 00:53:02,712 and implied no risk for the person who called it in. 598 00:53:03,747 --> 00:53:06,449 I decided to take a chance and I told him: 599 00:53:06,516 --> 00:53:09,186 "Look, sir, I'm sorry 600 00:53:09,286 --> 00:53:14,024 but I'll be held responsible for not stopping the screening. 601 00:53:14,824 --> 00:53:16,993 We're half way through, 602 00:53:17,093 --> 00:53:19,196 and after everything that's happened, 603 00:53:20,130 --> 00:53:23,767 we'll see it through to the end." 604 00:53:33,276 --> 00:53:34,811 I was impressed by the film. 605 00:53:37,447 --> 00:53:39,015 It was visually striking. 606 00:53:39,649 --> 00:53:43,553 The whole set design is incredible. It's brutalist. 607 00:53:45,355 --> 00:53:47,791 The setting is so modern. 608 00:53:47,891 --> 00:53:48,925 The colours, 609 00:53:49,759 --> 00:53:50,961 the clothes... 610 00:53:51,027 --> 00:53:55,966 Pop iconography was so interesting to us back then. 611 00:53:56,967 --> 00:53:59,069 I thought it was absolutely fantastic, 612 00:53:59,169 --> 00:54:01,771 very clever, very well done, very well performed. 613 00:54:01,838 --> 00:54:05,709 Malcolm McDowell with that evil face and that eye... 614 00:55:22,118 --> 00:55:25,755 It's also striking the way they try to cure him. 615 00:55:30,093 --> 00:55:33,596 With his eyes held open 616 00:55:33,663 --> 00:55:38,968 to make him watch the scenes of violence and everything... 617 00:56:50,573 --> 00:56:52,475 I remember that the music... 618 00:56:53,877 --> 00:56:58,214 perfectly matched the scenes of violence. 619 00:57:16,399 --> 00:57:17,834 It made me feel quite ill, 620 00:57:17,934 --> 00:57:20,703 I'd never seen violence like it. 621 00:57:22,972 --> 00:57:26,876 There were some scenes that I couldn't even watch 622 00:57:26,943 --> 00:57:28,912 because they were too disturbing. 623 00:57:35,952 --> 00:57:40,290 I started to feel like throwing up, 624 00:57:40,356 --> 00:57:41,925 I didn't know what to do... 625 00:57:47,664 --> 00:57:49,265 To be honest, 626 00:57:50,800 --> 00:57:54,304 I was surprised at how well-thought-out it was, 627 00:57:54,404 --> 00:57:59,776 even with that constant injection of violence. 628 00:58:10,153 --> 00:58:15,158 It explains the whole phenomenon of domination 629 00:58:15,225 --> 00:58:18,228 between people, castes and classes, 630 00:58:18,328 --> 00:58:19,929 and the State's domination of people. 631 00:58:46,456 --> 00:58:48,625 It was about a type of violence 632 00:58:48,725 --> 00:58:52,295 that we saw in the streets quite often. 633 00:58:54,831 --> 00:58:58,268 In Valladolid, we had friends in prison... 634 00:59:01,771 --> 00:59:03,439 and a friend who had been thrown 635 00:59:03,506 --> 00:59:06,109 from the window of the Police station. 636 00:59:08,444 --> 00:59:12,882 That was what we saw from 1971 or 1972 637 00:59:12,949 --> 00:59:16,085 up until the vote for the constitution. 638 00:59:40,209 --> 00:59:42,245 It was a very disturbing film, 639 00:59:42,312 --> 00:59:45,648 one that doesn't leave you indifferent. 640 00:59:45,715 --> 00:59:48,718 It caused a commotion, 641 00:59:48,785 --> 00:59:51,287 it's one of the films that made the most noise. 642 00:59:51,354 --> 00:59:54,223 The film? What can I say? I didn't like it. 643 00:59:54,324 --> 00:59:56,292 It was very unpleasant... 644 00:59:56,993 --> 00:59:58,895 but it's a great film. 645 00:59:58,962 --> 01:00:02,532 It's astonishing 646 01:00:02,599 --> 01:00:05,568 because of how it's made 647 01:00:05,635 --> 01:00:08,037 and the genius behind it. 648 01:00:08,104 --> 01:00:09,472 I absolutely loved it. 649 01:00:09,839 --> 01:00:13,876 I don't know if I should say this... but I found it really funny. 650 01:00:14,744 --> 01:00:18,114 I really enjoyed myself and the end is great. 651 01:00:26,623 --> 01:00:29,959 When the screening was over everyone started clapping 652 01:00:30,026 --> 01:00:35,598 but nothing untoward happened. 653 01:00:35,665 --> 01:00:39,268 People were amazed by the film, 654 01:00:40,003 --> 01:00:43,673 in awe of Kubrick's directing, 655 01:00:44,073 --> 01:00:47,677 how powerful the film was, but that was all. 656 01:00:48,244 --> 01:00:51,447 Back then, it was trendy to have a film forum. 657 01:00:51,914 --> 01:00:56,986 When we saw a Woody Allen or Buñuel film 658 01:00:57,086 --> 01:01:00,623 we always commented and reflected on it, 659 01:01:00,723 --> 01:01:03,593 something that could go on for days 660 01:01:03,693 --> 01:01:05,762 when you met up with your friends. 661 01:01:06,329 --> 01:01:11,534 This film didn't give rise to that kind of film forum. 662 01:01:11,934 --> 01:01:14,704 This may seem absurd... 663 01:01:14,804 --> 01:01:17,373 Afterwards, they seemed almost frustrated. 664 01:01:17,440 --> 01:01:21,544 I don't know what they were expecting to see... 665 01:01:21,644 --> 01:01:23,513 One thing we mustn't forget 666 01:01:23,613 --> 01:01:26,549 is the mark that censorship leaves 667 01:01:26,649 --> 01:01:28,685 on a cultural product. 668 01:01:28,751 --> 01:01:32,689 It created certain expectations and a special interest 669 01:01:32,755 --> 01:01:37,794 regardless of whether they ended up watching a masterpiece or not. 670 01:01:37,894 --> 01:01:40,863 It's like when you're getting ready for a trip 671 01:01:40,963 --> 01:01:45,001 and you enjoy the planning more than the trip itself. 672 01:01:45,068 --> 01:01:48,838 I think I've seen films that I like more 673 01:01:48,905 --> 01:01:52,909 in terms of the plot and content 674 01:01:53,009 --> 01:01:55,044 but I'll never forget that film. 675 01:01:55,111 --> 01:01:58,448 It's a really important film that marked a before and after 676 01:01:58,514 --> 01:02:01,918 in the behaviour of viewers and critics 677 01:02:01,984 --> 01:02:04,153 and the people from Valladolid in general. 678 01:02:04,854 --> 01:02:08,691 And that's the story of the film at the Valladolid festival. 679 01:02:17,600 --> 01:02:22,472 The festival was elevated 680 01:02:22,572 --> 01:02:24,640 by the screening of 'A Clockwork Orange' 681 01:02:24,707 --> 01:02:28,077 but some films didn't cause such a hype... 682 01:02:28,144 --> 01:02:30,913 For example, the first film by Steven Spielberg 683 01:02:31,013 --> 01:02:32,749 that was shown at the festival. 684 01:03:39,148 --> 01:03:43,286 A few months later, the film was authorised for screening 685 01:03:43,352 --> 01:03:47,590 in art-house cinemas. 686 01:03:48,191 --> 01:03:51,694 It was shown in the Cid Campeador in Madrid. 687 01:03:53,062 --> 01:03:58,935 But we had to wait two more years for the commercial dubbed version. 688 01:04:00,703 --> 01:04:05,308 Of all the film translation projects that I've done, 689 01:04:05,708 --> 01:04:07,910 it was definitely the most difficult. 690 01:04:08,010 --> 01:04:10,613 The film was shot in a made-up language. 691 01:04:15,852 --> 01:04:18,654 Burgess, the novelist, said: "I'm going to do it 692 01:04:18,721 --> 01:04:20,756 in a language that's all mixed up." 693 01:04:21,224 --> 01:04:25,962 He blended the Queen's English with some contemporary English slang 694 01:04:26,028 --> 01:04:29,165 and also some Russian 695 01:04:29,232 --> 01:04:32,068 inspired by what he heard being spoken 696 01:04:32,168 --> 01:04:36,906 by a group of dandies from Saint Petersburg. 697 01:04:38,641 --> 01:04:43,446 The head, in the original novel and film, 698 01:04:43,512 --> 01:04:44,847 is called the "Gulliver"... 699 01:04:46,949 --> 01:04:49,719 It's taken from that famous novel, 700 01:04:49,785 --> 01:04:51,053 Gulliver's Travels. 701 01:04:54,390 --> 01:04:57,326 I translated it as the "quijotera". 702 01:05:00,730 --> 01:05:02,732 I did the translation, 703 01:05:02,798 --> 01:05:07,503 Saura, with Kubrick's guidelines that he sent from London, 704 01:05:08,004 --> 01:05:09,438 did the dubbing 705 01:05:09,505 --> 01:05:11,908 and the film was released, 706 01:05:12,008 --> 01:05:16,012 as I like to joke, "openly", 707 01:05:16,078 --> 01:05:19,282 not just for select audiences like before. 708 01:05:19,348 --> 01:05:23,486 'A Clockwork Orange' was one of the biggest phenomena in Spain, 709 01:05:23,552 --> 01:05:26,088 on a par with Star Wars. 710 01:05:26,155 --> 01:05:27,590 It was shown for a year. 711 01:05:36,999 --> 01:05:39,335 FRANCO IS DEAD 712 01:06:59,081 --> 01:07:03,452 Valladolid is a city with a certain amount of conservatism 713 01:07:03,519 --> 01:07:04,920 and a cultural effervescence 714 01:07:04,987 --> 01:07:07,123 that was already around in the 70s 715 01:07:07,189 --> 01:07:10,493 with Seminci and the screening of 'A Clockwork Orange' 716 01:07:10,559 --> 01:07:13,562 which people still remember and talk about. 717 01:07:13,629 --> 01:07:18,434 I think it still has a big impact on the city. 718 01:07:18,534 --> 01:07:21,070 I grew up with that legend. 719 01:07:22,004 --> 01:07:27,043 It's always difficult to know what's true and what's not. 720 01:07:27,109 --> 01:07:30,012 I think it's best to just believe the legend. 721 01:07:31,013 --> 01:07:34,917 It's mainly the young people who don't know 722 01:07:34,984 --> 01:07:36,652 about the screening 723 01:07:36,719 --> 01:07:40,322 because they're disconnected from classical cinema. 724 01:07:40,389 --> 01:07:43,125 From my experience as a teacher, 725 01:07:43,192 --> 01:07:45,561 I'm pretty sure that the majority of new generations 726 01:07:45,628 --> 01:07:47,196 haven't even seen it. 727 01:07:48,664 --> 01:07:51,033 No, I haven't seen it. 728 01:07:51,133 --> 01:07:54,003 I've never heard of 'A Clockwork Orange' or Kubrick. 729 01:07:54,070 --> 01:07:57,873 It rings a bell. I've heard of the title, but that's it. 730 01:07:57,973 --> 01:07:59,375 I know nothing about it. 731 01:07:59,442 --> 01:08:03,879 I know it was revolutionary in its time, but that's all. 732 01:08:03,946 --> 01:08:05,681 I've heard it's uncomfortable to watch 733 01:08:05,748 --> 01:08:08,250 but I don't know what it's about. 734 01:08:08,317 --> 01:08:09,785 You recognise the iconography. 735 01:08:09,885 --> 01:08:13,189 You know it's from the film even if you haven't seen it. 736 01:08:13,289 --> 01:08:16,292 It's still an aesthetically powerful film. 737 01:08:16,358 --> 01:08:17,493 It's become an icon. 738 01:08:17,560 --> 01:08:19,628 At Halloween, people dress up as droogs... 739 01:08:20,930 --> 01:08:21,931 The hats... 740 01:08:21,997 --> 01:08:24,633 It's part of pop culture. 741 01:08:24,733 --> 01:08:27,837 It means that they recognise some images 742 01:08:27,903 --> 01:08:30,806 like with other films but it doesn't mean they've seen it. 743 01:08:30,873 --> 01:08:32,441 No, I haven't seen it. 744 01:08:32,508 --> 01:08:34,743 The aesthetics, an episode of 'The Simpsons'... 745 01:08:34,844 --> 01:08:37,913 An episode of 'The Simpsons' or other series. 746 01:08:38,013 --> 01:08:40,916 And they don't know the plot or what it's about... 747 01:08:40,983 --> 01:08:44,787 The only thing I know about 'A Clockwork Orange' are memes 748 01:08:44,887 --> 01:08:47,223 or jokes I've seen on the Internet. 749 01:08:47,323 --> 01:08:49,625 I'm sure the film still has the ability 750 01:08:49,725 --> 01:08:53,162 to awaken people's consciences and churn their stomachs. 751 01:08:53,829 --> 01:08:56,332 It depends on how sensitive they are. 752 01:09:06,008 --> 01:09:08,277 I think the way it started 753 01:09:08,344 --> 01:09:11,514 got you hooked and you wanted to watch the rest. 754 01:09:12,515 --> 01:09:15,651 At the beginning, the drunk guy they beat up 755 01:09:15,718 --> 01:09:18,254 says he doesn't want to live in a lawless world. 756 01:09:19,588 --> 01:09:22,992 I was shocked when they were in the tunnel beating him up. 757 01:09:24,093 --> 01:09:28,330 When they rape the woman in the house and the man's watching. 758 01:09:29,932 --> 01:09:32,434 When they hit each other. 759 01:09:35,070 --> 01:09:39,275 As well as the scenes of explicit violence, 760 01:09:39,375 --> 01:09:42,478 it's quite shocking when they force his eyes open. 761 01:09:43,012 --> 01:09:44,346 Institutional violence 762 01:09:44,446 --> 01:09:46,916 and how the system takes that violence and uses it. 763 01:09:48,517 --> 01:09:53,756 The influence of the media on society stood out for me. 764 01:09:53,856 --> 01:09:55,591 Some of the scenes are shocking 765 01:09:55,691 --> 01:09:57,626 and I'm not sure what people must've thought 766 01:09:57,726 --> 01:09:58,961 when it first came out. 767 01:09:59,929 --> 01:10:02,631 Right from the very first scene, 768 01:10:02,731 --> 01:10:05,668 with four men forcing themselves on a woman... 769 01:10:06,168 --> 01:10:08,304 and not just that one, a couple more... 770 01:10:08,404 --> 01:10:13,242 I found them pretty shocking because they're really explicit 771 01:10:13,309 --> 01:10:18,647 for a film that was screened at a festival 772 01:10:18,714 --> 01:10:22,351 and is recognised as a cult film. 773 01:10:22,451 --> 01:10:25,921 I found it difficult to watch and quite savage, 774 01:10:25,988 --> 01:10:28,724 but I liked it overall. 775 01:10:28,791 --> 01:10:30,192 I liked the film. 776 01:10:30,292 --> 01:10:31,894 I really liked the film. 777 01:10:31,961 --> 01:10:33,095 I loved it. 778 01:10:33,162 --> 01:10:37,032 I liked it but I feel a little unsettled. 779 01:10:37,132 --> 01:10:41,170 It would be impossible for this to be released nowadays. 780 01:10:41,670 --> 01:10:44,773 People would be up in arms. 781 01:10:44,840 --> 01:10:46,875 It would be risky to make it now 782 01:10:46,976 --> 01:10:50,446 because I think it's controversial 783 01:10:50,512 --> 01:10:52,081 and very explicit. 784 01:10:52,147 --> 01:10:54,016 It was too much for me. 785 01:10:54,083 --> 01:10:56,051 The sexual stuff... 786 01:10:56,118 --> 01:10:59,888 I don't think it would be received the same way now as it was then. 787 01:10:59,955 --> 01:11:03,626 No, you couldn't make this film now because... 788 01:11:05,027 --> 01:11:08,030 no director could... 789 01:11:08,964 --> 01:11:12,134 get enough support to make it, and even if they did 790 01:11:13,769 --> 01:11:17,172 no producer would approve it. 791 01:11:33,289 --> 01:11:37,226 Maybe the film couldn't be made today 792 01:11:37,326 --> 01:11:41,630 mainly because the producers 793 01:11:42,564 --> 01:11:44,533 wouldn't deem it appropriate. 794 01:11:46,001 --> 01:11:49,038 We sometimes automatically apply 795 01:11:49,438 --> 01:11:52,708 certain scales of behaviour 796 01:11:53,609 --> 01:11:58,213 and, in real life, 797 01:11:58,280 --> 01:12:01,250 we have to be very strict 798 01:12:01,750 --> 01:12:04,887 and recognise there are some things we can't do 799 01:12:04,953 --> 01:12:06,288 and shouldn't do, 800 01:12:06,355 --> 01:12:09,124 but it's another thing for me to envisage a book 801 01:12:09,191 --> 01:12:13,195 with a violent scene that might upset somebody... 802 01:12:13,295 --> 01:12:14,930 Just because it upsets somebody 803 01:12:14,997 --> 01:12:17,766 doesn't mean that work must disappear. 804 01:12:17,833 --> 01:12:19,601 Wrongness isn't erased 805 01:12:20,302 --> 01:12:25,040 by removing the reflection of something that's wrong 806 01:12:25,674 --> 01:12:29,645 from a beautiful film or book. 807 01:12:34,116 --> 01:12:35,951 Having been through it myself 808 01:12:36,051 --> 01:12:40,322 but also having had time to reflect on it, 809 01:12:40,389 --> 01:12:43,425 I despise the existence of censorship. 810 01:12:43,792 --> 01:12:47,930 That censorship was much more severe, 811 01:12:47,996 --> 01:12:50,165 tougher and more aggressive 812 01:12:50,733 --> 01:12:54,269 but much less subtle 813 01:12:54,370 --> 01:12:59,641 than it would be to today accept a censorship on traditions, 814 01:12:59,708 --> 01:13:00,976 on habits, 815 01:13:01,043 --> 01:13:04,480 on what's politically correct or incorrect, 816 01:13:04,546 --> 01:13:07,049 on what's commercial and what's not. 817 01:13:07,116 --> 01:13:11,653 With any cultural or artistic activity, 818 01:13:12,121 --> 01:13:17,326 the creator's need for freedom is fundamental. 819 01:17:41,590 --> 01:17:46,528 Translation: Amy Sue Bennett Subtitles: Bbo Subtitulado