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[♪]
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ROSS: {\an8}
I'm a big believer
in negotiations.
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{\an8}Nobody outsmarts anybody.
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{\an8}The idea that you can
manipulate somebody
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{\an8}in a negotiation
is just an illusion.
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{\an8}And yet, at the crunch point,
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{\an8}it's ultimately
about a manipulation,
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{\an8}because you're trying
to convince the other side,
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{\an8}"I can do X, but I can't do Y."
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The other side has to believe
that's not a manipulation.
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They have to believe
that's real.
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And the only way you get
to that point is by establishing
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a relationship
of credibility and trust
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with who it is
you're negotiating.
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{\an8}You can't ignore
the human factor.
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{\an8}Someone who has the human touch
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{\an8}treats someone else
with respect.
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{\an8}Someone who has the human touch
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{\an8}doesn't think
they're gonna outsmart anybody.
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{\an8}Someone who has the human touch
will fulfill the empathy role.
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{\an8}The essence of empathy
is the capacity
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{\an8}to put yourself
in somebody else's shoes.
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And what you're trying to do
as a mediator is,
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first, to get each side
to adjust to a reality,
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and the reality is
they're not gonna get
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what they need addressed
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unless they will address
the needs of the other side.
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{\an8}[VOICES SPEAKING INDISTINCTLY]
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HELAL: {\an8}
In the Middle East,
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{\an8}the challenge
is building bridges
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{\an8}between different cultures.
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{\an8}And the most important tool
is language,
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{\an8}because diplomacy
is all about language.
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{\an8}It is the art
of using language.
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{\an8}It's the power of the word
and the notion behind the word.
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{\an8}For example,
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when you talk about
the possibility of peace,
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and you talk about the future,
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actually, the word "future"
in the minds of the Arabs
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is different
than the word "future"
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when we talk about it.
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When we talk about the future,
we mean the future.
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When the Arabs
talk about the future,
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they are talking about fixing
the injustice of the past.
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Then you can
talk about the future.
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We talk about the future,
assuming that,
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okay,
let's forget about the past,
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because tomorrow
should be better,
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and tomorrow
is what we're talking about.
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No. That's not the way it works.
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{\an8}I have served about
seven Secretary of States.
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{\an8}Maybe eight. I have to count.
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{\an8}And four American presidents.
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The Middle East peace is always
a very attractive proposition.
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It's a very sexy topic.
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I cannot think
of a Secretary of State
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that did not want to get
involved in the Middle East.
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And by the way,
all of them think
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they can reinvent the wheel,
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and all of them think
that they can
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sort of, like,
ignore history and start fresh.
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It will never happen
in the Middle East.
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The Middle East
is all about history.
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That is part of the problem.
That is the curse.
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[♪]
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[TOMMY DORSEY'S
"OPUS ONE" PLAYING]
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It's gonna take some really
good-faith, affirmative effort
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on the part
of our good friends in Israel.
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Everybody over there should know
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that the telephone number
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is 1-202-456-1414.[PEOPLE LAUGHING]
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When you're serious about peace,
call us.
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KURTZER: {\an8}
Jim Baker was by far,
head and shoulders,
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the most effective Secretary
of State with whom I worked,
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because of the degree
to which he understood
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how to manipulate power
and to use power.
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{\an8}He and President
George H.W. Bush
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{\an8}were long-standing friends,
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{\an8}so, Baker had
an incredible asset
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to be able to walk into a room,
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and you literally are walking in
as the United States of America.
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["OPUS ONE" CONTINUES PLAYING]
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ROSS: {\an8}
It was the spring of 1991.
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{\an8}It's the end of the Cold War.
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{\an8}We were the only superpower
after the Gulf War.
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It was difficult for anybody
to be saying no to us,
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{\an8}so I feel like there's
a possibility to do something
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{\an8}with the Arabs
and the Israelis.
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[♪]
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KURTZER: {\an8}
It was early June of 1991
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{\an8}where Baker thought
after about three or four trips
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{\an8}that he had reached a point
where he could, uh, form
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{\an8}the Israeli-Arab conference.
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{\an8}And he sent a letter to the
Israeli Prime Minister Shamir
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{\an8}and to the Syrian leader,
President Assad,
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{\an8}asking them to say yes
to the idea
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{\an8}of a conference
leading to negotiations.
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And they both basically said no,
they weren't gonna do it.
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[PEOPLE CHATTERING INDISTINCTLY]
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ROSS: {\an8}
Yitzhak Shamir was someone
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{\an8}who was profoundly distrustful
of the Arabs.
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{\an8}He felt every step was a risk.
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{\an8}He saw no benefit
from his steps.
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SHAMIR: {\an8}
The land of Israel,
from the sea to the river,
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it's my dream.
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I am fighting for it.
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His concern was that Israel
might have to give up something.
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That's the last thing he ever
wanted to do, give up anything.
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{\an8}The Syrian president Assad,
from his side,
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{\an8}had a very traditional
Arab concern, and that was:
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{\an8}"Should we be making peace
with Israel at all?"
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ASSAD [IN ARABIC]:
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KURTZER: {\an8}
Baker was able
to stare down Shamir and Assad.
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{\an8}We called him
a consummate actor.
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{\an8}And what we meant by that was
that he could walk into a room,
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{\an8}sense what needed to be done,
and what attitude to put on,
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{\an8}and how to work the other side.
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HELAL: {\an8}
I remember when President Assad
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{\an8}was saying that
American forces can play a role
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in pushing the Israeli forces
outside the Golan Heights.
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Obviously, he knew
that's not gonna happen,
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but he thought
he could throw it in.
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MILLER: {\an8}
We were watching
from, uh, behind the curtain,
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{\an8}and we could see
Baker's frustration was rising.
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He got so upset,
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and he said
the following to Assad:
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"Yeah, Mr. President?
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And if a frog could fly,
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it wouldn't drag its balls
on the ground either."
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HELAL: {\an8}
I looked at him and said:
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{\an8}"Do you want me
to interpret this?"
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He said, "No,
I think they got the message."
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{\an8}See, in the Middle East,
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{\an8}all sides would love
to take America for a ride.
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There is the tendency
that somehow
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maybe you can
fool the Americans.
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Secretary Baker was willing
to tolerate some of that,
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but not all of it.
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[PEOPLE CHATTERING INDISTINCTLY]
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ROSS: {\an8}
So we have gotten
Syrian acceptance
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{\an8}for going to a conference,
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and after we get
Syrian acceptance of it,
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then Shamir says to Baker:
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{\an8}"Assad only said yes because
he thought I would say no."
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{\an8}Baker says, "That's right,
so prove him wrong."
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BAKER: {\an8}
If we can create a process...
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{\an8}[BAKER CONTINUES INDISTINCTLY]
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[CAMERA SHUTTERS CLICKING]
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MILLER: {\an8}
After that trip, Baker told me,
in his Texas accent,
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"In my next life, I wanna be a
Middle East negotiator like you,
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because I'll be guaranteed a
permanent source of employment."
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NEWS ANCHOR: {\an8}
Secretary Baker
is in Jerusalem today,
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{\an8}facing the challenge of forming
a Palestinian delegation.
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{\an8}Any delay will be a major
setback to Baker's plans
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{\an8}for an historic
Israeli-Arab peace conference.
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{\an8}In his final effort
to bring all parties
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{\an8}to the negotiating table,
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{\an8}Baker will meet with leaders
from the occupied territories
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{\an8}without the green light
of the PLO's leader in exile,
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{\an8}Chairman Yasser Arafat.
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HELAL: {\an8}
Arafat was
the Palestinian cause.
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{\an8}He was the conductor,
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{\an8}and he basically was
the number one, two and three
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{\an8}on the Palestinian side.
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The United States and Israel
were the last two countries
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who did not deal
over the years with Arafat,
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{\an8}because we saw Arafat
as a terrorist.
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{\an8}At the same time, the whole
world recognized Arafat,
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{\an8}and he was treated everywhere
as a head of state.
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I said, and I say again,
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that if the representatives
on the conference
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will say that they speak
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on behalf of the PLO,
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we will not speak with them.
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KURTZER: {\an8}
So Baker is dealing
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{\an8}with this ad hoc group,
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and they were
in a very challenging position,
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because they were
representing the PLO,
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but they couldn't say they were
representing the PLO.
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MILLER: {\an8}
We were sitting there
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{\an8}in our consulate
in East Jerusalem,
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and the PLO would not provide
the names of the delegation.
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{\an8}And Baker made it very clear
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{\an8}that his frustration
was rising.
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He pulled us aside and he said:
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"I'm gonna-- I'm gonna slam
my notebook shut,
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I'm walking out of this room,
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and you're gonna
orchestrate this for me."
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So in the middle
of the conversation,
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bam goes the notebook,
out goes Baker,
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and the Palestinians
are stunned.
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And I-- We said--
Both Dennis and I said:
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"Do you realize
what's happened?
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The Secretary of State
of the United States
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has just vacated the room,
he's gonna take a walk."
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So they got on the phone,
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they called Tunis,
Arafat gave the okay,
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Baker came back, and like
a football coach in a huddle,
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put his arms
around the Palestinians.
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{\an8}I'm sitting there, watching
this whole thing, just amazed
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{\an8}at how a guy understands
how to use his own persona,
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{\an8}and theater.
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The bus
is not gonna come by again,
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and Palestinians
have more to lose in its absence
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than do anybody else.
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[CHURCH BELL RINGING]
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[♪]
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[CAMERA BEEPS
AND SHUTTERS CLICKING]
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HELAL: {\an8}
It was history in the making.
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The idea of breaking through
that taboo,
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and have the Arabs and Israelis
together was just unbelievable.
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KURTZER: {\an8}
For the peace team,
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{\an8}the conference
was actually unimportant,
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{\an8}because it was a show.
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MAN: {\an8}
A Middle East
where young people
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{\an8}no longer have to dedicate...
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KURTZER: {\an8}
What was important was,
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{\an8}would there be the beginning
of bilateral negotiations
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{\an8}the next day
after the conference?
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BAKER: {\an8}
If you would like me to,
I'll tell you a little bit...
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{\an8}We have to crawl
before we walk,
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and we have to walk
before we run,
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and today, I think
we all began to crawl.
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KURTZER: {\an8}
We got on the plane,
we were exhausted,
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{\an8}and Baker came
to our area in the airplane,
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and he said to us
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that he would probably
be going back to the White House
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to help the president
get reelected at some point,
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which he did that summer.
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But he said, "Once the president
is reelected,
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I'm coming back
to the State Department,
234
00:14:06,541 --> 00:14:08,151
and we'll sign peace treaties."
235
00:14:08,282 --> 00:14:10,458
{\an8}[FOOTSTEPS]
236
00:14:10,588 --> 00:14:12,982
{\an8}And then there were elections.
237
00:14:13,069 --> 00:14:15,680
The good news was that, uh,
238
00:14:15,811 --> 00:14:19,467
Mr. Rabin won the Israeli
election in June of '92,
239
00:14:19,597 --> 00:14:22,078
and the other news was that
240
00:14:22,165 --> 00:14:26,300
Mr. Bush lost the election
in November of '92,
241
00:14:26,430 --> 00:14:27,997
which we didn't know
at the time,
242
00:14:28,128 --> 00:14:32,828
but it was to usher in
a very different period ahead.
243
00:14:32,959 --> 00:14:34,525
Dan Rather reporting.
244
00:14:34,612 --> 00:14:36,397
{\an8}It appears a major change
245
00:14:36,527 --> 00:14:38,268
{\an8}is coming
in the government of Israel
246
00:14:38,399 --> 00:14:40,662
{\an8}that could have
far-reaching consequences
247
00:14:40,792 --> 00:14:42,882
{\an8}for the Middle East
and world peace.
248
00:14:43,012 --> 00:14:45,275
A big victory
for the Labor Party,
249
00:14:45,406 --> 00:14:48,061
led by former prime minister
Yitzhak Rabin.
250
00:14:48,191 --> 00:14:50,715
{\an8}Rabin has promised
to break the logjam
251
00:14:50,846 --> 00:14:51,716
{\an8}in peace talks with Arabs.
252
00:14:53,457 --> 00:14:55,285
[IN ENGLISH]
253
00:15:05,078 --> 00:15:08,559
NEWS ANCHOR: {\an8}
Israelis decided today to take
risks and make compromises,
254
00:15:08,690 --> 00:15:11,388
{\an8}to perhaps change the very map
of their country
255
00:15:11,519 --> 00:15:13,477
{\an8}in an effort to make peace
with their neighbors.
256
00:15:20,658 --> 00:15:23,226
ROSS: {\an8}
After the election,
I was coming to Israel.
257
00:15:23,357 --> 00:15:25,272
I go and I see Rabin
258
00:15:25,402 --> 00:15:27,274
on a Friday afternoon.
259
00:15:27,361 --> 00:15:30,146
{\an8}And it's a couple hours
before Shabbat,
260
00:15:30,277 --> 00:15:32,496
{\an8}and I say to him,
"What are your plans?"
261
00:15:32,583 --> 00:15:34,194
He says, "Look, I wanna go
262
00:15:34,324 --> 00:15:36,761
for a full deal
with the Palestinians."
263
00:15:36,892 --> 00:15:39,677
And so I said, "How do you
plan to go about it?"
264
00:15:39,808 --> 00:15:41,288
He says, "I'm not gonna rush.
265
00:15:41,418 --> 00:15:42,985
I have to lay the groundwork.
266
00:15:43,116 --> 00:15:45,640
But, you know,
I'm confident I can do it
267
00:15:45,770 --> 00:15:49,992
because I have all my boys
around me here in the military."
268
00:15:50,079 --> 00:15:52,342
I said, "Is it that important
269
00:15:52,473 --> 00:15:54,779
to have your guys
in the military around you?"
270
00:15:54,910 --> 00:15:58,218
He says, "I have to have that."
I said, "Why?"
271
00:15:58,348 --> 00:16:01,308
He said, "When I take the steps
that we'll have to take
272
00:16:01,438 --> 00:16:03,440
{\an8}to resolve this
with the Palestinians,
273
00:16:03,571 --> 00:16:05,703
{\an8}I'm afraid
we could have a civil war,
274
00:16:05,834 --> 00:16:08,358
{\an8}and I need to have my guys.
275
00:16:08,445 --> 00:16:11,709
You know, they trust me,
and I trust them.
276
00:16:11,840 --> 00:16:13,711
And I need them
when I face that."
277
00:16:13,842 --> 00:16:15,104
- MOREH:
- Whoa!
278
00:16:15,235 --> 00:16:17,759
I'll tell you,
it was a wow for me too.
279
00:16:17,846 --> 00:16:19,326
You know, he used "civil war."
280
00:16:19,456 --> 00:16:20,892
I said, "I don't--
281
00:16:20,980 --> 00:16:23,504
I don't fully know
what that means."
282
00:16:23,634 --> 00:16:25,897
But, I mean, he expects
283
00:16:25,985 --> 00:16:27,769
there's gonna be
full-born battles
284
00:16:27,899 --> 00:16:29,510
internally within Israel.
285
00:16:29,640 --> 00:16:31,642
[♪]
286
00:16:36,604 --> 00:16:39,215
INDYK: {\an8}
When Bill Clinton
was elected president,
287
00:16:39,346 --> 00:16:41,739
{\an8}he asked me to go in with him
to the White House
288
00:16:41,826 --> 00:16:44,916
to be his Middle East adviser.
289
00:16:45,004 --> 00:16:48,398
And I told him, "Everything
is coming together in a way
290
00:16:48,485 --> 00:16:50,226
that you will have a chance
291
00:16:50,357 --> 00:16:53,490
to achieve four peace agreements
in your first term."
292
00:16:53,577 --> 00:16:56,145
{\an8}And he looked at me,
and said, "I want to do that."
293
00:16:59,801 --> 00:17:02,456
CLINTON: {\an8}
...in my judgment
are the precondition...
294
00:17:02,543 --> 00:17:05,328
KURTZER: {\an8}
The first visit
of Rabin to the United States,
295
00:17:05,415 --> 00:17:07,243
{\an8}he has his meetings
with the president
296
00:17:07,374 --> 00:17:09,724
{\an8}and Warren Christopher,
the Secretary of State.
297
00:17:09,854 --> 00:17:13,206
{\an8}But he also asks for a meeting
with the peace team
298
00:17:13,336 --> 00:17:14,990
without the Secretary of State,
299
00:17:15,121 --> 00:17:17,210
just with us,
which was very unusual.
300
00:17:17,340 --> 00:17:23,259
{\an8}And what we heard
was a Rabin monologue.
301
00:17:23,346 --> 00:17:26,915
{\an8}He spent an inordinate amount
of time thinking out loud
302
00:17:27,046 --> 00:17:31,093
{\an8}of why the Palestinian
delegation to the peace talks
303
00:17:31,224 --> 00:17:33,704
{\an8}was not empowered
to make decisions,
304
00:17:33,835 --> 00:17:37,012
{\an8}and therefore
there would be no progress,
305
00:17:37,143 --> 00:17:40,885
{\an8}why Yasser Arafat and the PLO
306
00:17:41,016 --> 00:17:42,844
{\an8}had the power
to make decisions,
307
00:17:42,974 --> 00:17:44,280
{\an8}but he didn't trust them.
308
00:17:46,717 --> 00:17:48,502
He basically said to us,
309
00:17:48,589 --> 00:17:52,071
"No Palestinians can make
any decisions without the PLO."
310
00:17:52,158 --> 00:17:54,856
Which meant...
We actually asked him,
311
00:17:54,986 --> 00:17:56,684
"Does that mean
you'll deal with the PLO?"
312
00:17:56,814 --> 00:17:58,294
He says, "No."
313
00:17:58,381 --> 00:18:00,644
I remember leaving
that breakfast saying:
314
00:18:00,775 --> 00:18:03,038
"He's gonna deal with the PLO.
Not now, but it's coming."
315
00:18:03,125 --> 00:18:04,648
[♪]
316
00:18:06,998 --> 00:18:09,697
INDYK: {\an8}
The policy from
the American point of view
317
00:18:09,827 --> 00:18:11,481
{\an8}was Syria first,
for several reasons.
318
00:18:11,612 --> 00:18:14,745
{\an8}The issues
were relatively uncomplicated.
319
00:18:14,876 --> 00:18:16,791
{\an8}The Golan Heights
was not a simple issue,
320
00:18:16,921 --> 00:18:19,707
{\an8}but it was just
a territorial issue.
321
00:18:19,837 --> 00:18:22,710
Palestinians, on the other hand,
322
00:18:22,797 --> 00:18:26,279
had the PLO as their supposed
sole legitimate representative.
323
00:18:26,366 --> 00:18:28,455
We had no ability
to deal with the PLO.
324
00:18:28,585 --> 00:18:33,286
We had legislation that was
up to here on preventing
325
00:18:33,416 --> 00:18:35,549
any kind of official engagement
with the PLO.
326
00:18:35,679 --> 00:18:38,378
It was a terrorist organization
on our terrorist list.
327
00:18:38,465 --> 00:18:41,207
{\an8}And Secretary of State
Christopher believed
328
00:18:41,337 --> 00:18:44,123
{\an8}that there was a chance to make
an Israeli-Syrian peace deal.
329
00:18:47,082 --> 00:18:49,693
ROSS: {\an8}
Warren Christopher and I,
we were going out to Israel.
330
00:18:49,824 --> 00:18:51,434
{\an8}We get into a meeting,
331
00:18:51,565 --> 00:18:54,133
{\an8}and Rabin
wants only the two of us,
332
00:18:54,263 --> 00:18:56,178
{\an8}not the rest
of the American delegation.
333
00:18:56,309 --> 00:18:59,964
{\an8}And he says, "I want now
to go for a deal with Syria.
334
00:19:00,095 --> 00:19:03,185
{\an8}Let's see if Assad
is prepared to do it.
335
00:19:03,316 --> 00:19:05,883
I'm prepared to put in your
pocket, not to give to him.
336
00:19:06,014 --> 00:19:08,538
It has to be completely secret.
337
00:19:08,625 --> 00:19:11,106
If it comes out now,
I'll deny it."
338
00:19:11,237 --> 00:19:13,108
But he says
he's prepared to commit
339
00:19:13,239 --> 00:19:15,154
to full withdrawal
from the Golan Heights.
340
00:19:18,505 --> 00:19:20,071
INDYK: {\an8}
So we had in our pocket
341
00:19:20,202 --> 00:19:22,813
{\an8}the critical ingredient
for a peace deal,
342
00:19:22,944 --> 00:19:24,728
{\an8}that Israel
was ready to withdraw
343
00:19:24,859 --> 00:19:26,730
{\an8}from the Golan Heights.
344
00:19:26,861 --> 00:19:29,385
Rabin said, "It's in your
pocket. You can't take it out
345
00:19:29,516 --> 00:19:32,606
until Assad
meets my requirements
346
00:19:32,736 --> 00:19:35,957
for security arrangements,
normalization and real peace."
347
00:19:37,698 --> 00:19:38,829
Good morning.
348
00:19:42,311 --> 00:19:44,052
ROSS: {\an8}
When we get to Damascus,
349
00:19:44,139 --> 00:19:46,620
{\an8}we ask Assad
to have a one-on-one meeting,
350
00:19:46,750 --> 00:19:48,752
{\an8}but Assad wanted to have
two on his side.
351
00:19:51,059 --> 00:19:52,974
{\an8}And I remember saying to Assad:
352
00:19:53,061 --> 00:19:54,715
"Rabin has made it clear,
353
00:19:54,845 --> 00:19:57,413
if this leaks out,
he denies it ever existed."
354
00:19:57,544 --> 00:20:01,287
And Assad said,
"Anyone who would leak this
355
00:20:01,417 --> 00:20:04,333
would be damaging
Syria's national interests,
356
00:20:04,464 --> 00:20:06,596
and they know
what the consequences are
357
00:20:06,727 --> 00:20:09,338
for damaging
Syria's national interests."
358
00:20:09,469 --> 00:20:12,994
He said it just that way.
It was chilling.
359
00:20:13,081 --> 00:20:15,039
{\an8}I mean, it was really chilling.
360
00:20:15,170 --> 00:20:17,999
[♪]
361
00:20:18,086 --> 00:20:19,696
{\an8}Then we talk about the pocket
362
00:20:19,783 --> 00:20:21,959
{\an8}and it becomes clear
pretty quickly,
363
00:20:22,090 --> 00:20:25,049
he's taken what's in our pocket
and he's prepared to pocket it,
364
00:20:25,180 --> 00:20:28,183
and now what is important
to Rabin is negotiable.
365
00:20:28,314 --> 00:20:29,967
What he got, he got.
366
00:20:30,098 --> 00:20:32,274
{\an8}And so he wants to know
367
00:20:32,405 --> 00:20:36,191
{\an8}why Rabin wants five years
for the time of withdrawal.
368
00:20:36,322 --> 00:20:38,628
He doesn't like
the term "normalization."
369
00:20:38,759 --> 00:20:40,413
Normal peaceful relations.
370
00:20:40,543 --> 00:20:42,806
{\an8}Everything is kind of grudging.
371
00:20:45,679 --> 00:20:47,463
{\an8}When we come back
372
00:20:47,550 --> 00:20:49,683
{\an8}and present to Rabin
what was the discussion,
373
00:20:49,813 --> 00:20:51,728
{\an8}and by definition,
we put the best face on it.
374
00:20:54,383 --> 00:20:59,127
KURTZER: {\an8}
Rabin was furious at us
for mishandling the deposit.
375
00:21:00,911 --> 00:21:02,739
Because Rabin gives this
376
00:21:02,870 --> 00:21:06,395
extraordinary commitment
to Christopher,
377
00:21:06,482 --> 00:21:09,398
does not want Christopher
to give it to Assad,
378
00:21:09,529 --> 00:21:12,227
wants Christopher
to put it in his pocket,
379
00:21:12,314 --> 00:21:15,099
and wants Christopher
to elicit from Assad
380
00:21:15,186 --> 00:21:17,232
a parallel commitment,
381
00:21:17,363 --> 00:21:19,452
which he puts
in his other pocket,
382
00:21:19,582 --> 00:21:21,976
and then at some point
takes the two out and says:
383
00:21:22,106 --> 00:21:25,719
"Hey, folks,
we have a conceptual agreement."
384
00:21:25,849 --> 00:21:29,636
And instead, Christopher gives
away the Israeli bottom line.
385
00:21:29,766 --> 00:21:33,379
[♪]
386
00:21:33,509 --> 00:21:37,208
INDYK: {\an8}
It's just worth noting
how skillful Rabin was
387
00:21:37,339 --> 00:21:38,732
{\an8}with outmaneuvering everybody.
388
00:21:41,474 --> 00:21:44,999
{\an8}He said to us after
we came back from Damascus
389
00:21:45,086 --> 00:21:47,567
{\an8}that we needed
to keep working it.
390
00:21:47,697 --> 00:21:49,438
{\an8}He went out
in the press conference,
391
00:21:49,569 --> 00:21:52,180
and said,
"Good news from Damascus."
392
00:21:52,311 --> 00:21:56,837
You have brought good news.
It's only the beginning.
393
00:21:56,967 --> 00:21:59,492
INDYK: {\an8}
I remember, when he said it,
I looked at Dennis,
394
00:21:59,622 --> 00:22:01,276
{\an8}said, "What is he doing?"
395
00:22:01,407 --> 00:22:03,757
{\an8}We didn't know
that at the same time
396
00:22:03,887 --> 00:22:05,541
{\an8}there was an official
negotiation going on
397
00:22:05,672 --> 00:22:07,717
{\an8}between Israel
and the PLO in Oslo.
398
00:22:07,848 --> 00:22:09,763
{\an8}So we didn't understand
399
00:22:09,893 --> 00:22:12,548
{\an8}that Rabin was pressuring
Arafat at that point.
400
00:22:12,635 --> 00:22:14,898
{\an8}It was only discovered
afterwards.
401
00:22:15,029 --> 00:22:16,465
{\an8}Dan Kurtzer said to us:
402
00:22:16,596 --> 00:22:18,902
"I heard that the Oslo deal
is completed."
403
00:22:19,033 --> 00:22:22,210
And we said, "Oh, yeah,
sure, of course," you know.
404
00:22:22,341 --> 00:22:25,300
I've been much impressed
with the serious engagement
405
00:22:25,431 --> 00:22:27,346
of all the parties
we've been meeting with...
406
00:22:27,433 --> 00:22:29,260
INDYK: {\an8}
It suited him to act
407
00:22:29,391 --> 00:22:31,654
{\an8}as if there was real progress
on the Syrian track,
408
00:22:31,785 --> 00:22:35,876
because the more it looked like
the Syrian track was moving,
409
00:22:36,006 --> 00:22:40,315
the more Arafat would feel
he better move, or Assad--
410
00:22:40,446 --> 00:22:42,709
And Assad and Arafat
were sworn enemies.
411
00:22:42,796 --> 00:22:44,754
Or Assad was gonna steal
a match on him.
412
00:22:44,885 --> 00:22:49,019
{\an8}And so we went all off
for our summer holidays,
413
00:22:49,150 --> 00:22:53,023
{\an8}and Dennis calls me
from San Francisco.
414
00:22:53,110 --> 00:22:56,549
He says, "Pack your bags."
It was the middle of the night.
415
00:22:56,679 --> 00:23:00,248
"We're gonna have a ceremony
at the White House
416
00:23:00,335 --> 00:23:01,989
for an Israeli-Palestinian
agreement."
417
00:23:03,817 --> 00:23:05,427
I was in shock.
418
00:23:05,558 --> 00:23:08,343
I said, you know,
"You've gotta be joking."
419
00:23:08,430 --> 00:23:11,302
{\an8}Rabin and Peres went off,
420
00:23:11,433 --> 00:23:13,435
{\an8}essentially behind our backs,
421
00:23:13,522 --> 00:23:15,394
{\an8}did the deal
with the Palestinians.
422
00:23:15,524 --> 00:23:18,048
[♪]
423
00:23:21,617 --> 00:23:25,099
ROSS: {\an8}
Peres comes to see us with
the declaration of principles.
424
00:23:25,229 --> 00:23:26,970
{\an8}While we've been getting
the briefing,
425
00:23:27,101 --> 00:23:28,537
{\an8}I'm also going through it.
426
00:23:42,812 --> 00:23:45,598
When I finish, Christopher says,
"What do you think?"
427
00:23:45,728 --> 00:23:49,210
And I said, "I think
two very different things.
428
00:23:49,340 --> 00:23:51,691
First,
this is a historic breakthrough.
429
00:23:51,821 --> 00:23:55,085
These are two national movements
competing for the same space.
430
00:23:55,216 --> 00:23:58,132
They haven't been prepared
to recognize each other.
431
00:23:58,262 --> 00:24:02,310
{\an8}And here's a document that has
them recognizing each other.
432
00:24:02,441 --> 00:24:03,703
{\an8}And we should embrace it."
433
00:24:08,098 --> 00:24:11,841
{\an8}Then I said to him,
"But it's aspirational.
434
00:24:11,972 --> 00:24:14,757
Nothing is concrete here.
435
00:24:14,888 --> 00:24:17,412
So the real hard work
will begin now.
436
00:24:17,543 --> 00:24:19,806
But a historic threshold
is being crossed,
437
00:24:19,936 --> 00:24:22,243
because you're taking
what was an existential conflict
438
00:24:22,373 --> 00:24:23,810
and you're turning it
439
00:24:23,940 --> 00:24:25,855
into a political conflict.
That's huge."
440
00:24:25,986 --> 00:24:28,292
{\an8}Christopher said,
"The president will love this."
441
00:24:34,516 --> 00:24:35,125
Morning.
442
00:24:37,998 --> 00:24:40,783
Ladies and gentlemen,
443
00:24:40,870 --> 00:24:42,959
today marks a shining moment
of hope
444
00:24:43,090 --> 00:24:45,135
for the people
of the Middle East
445
00:24:45,222 --> 00:24:47,311
and indeed of the entire world.
446
00:24:47,442 --> 00:24:49,662
The Israelis
and the Palestinians
447
00:24:49,792 --> 00:24:52,491
have now agreed upon
a declaration of principles,
448
00:24:52,621 --> 00:24:55,363
on interim self-government
that opens the door
449
00:24:55,494 --> 00:24:58,758
to a comprehensive
and lasting settlement.
450
00:24:58,888 --> 00:25:00,542
The signing ceremony
will take place
451
00:25:00,629 --> 00:25:01,848
at the White House on Monday.
452
00:25:05,286 --> 00:25:07,897
REPORTER: {\an8}
For Yasser Arafat,
the invitation to Washington
453
00:25:08,028 --> 00:25:09,986
{\an8}is the culmination
of years of struggle
454
00:25:10,073 --> 00:25:12,467
{\an8}to gain
international acceptance.
455
00:25:12,598 --> 00:25:14,991
{\an8}When he steps out to
the White House lawn on Monday,
456
00:25:15,078 --> 00:25:17,037
{\an8}he hopes to shake off
his guerrilla past
457
00:25:17,167 --> 00:25:18,081
{\an8}once and for all.
458
00:25:22,172 --> 00:25:24,610
The president asked me
to find out
459
00:25:24,740 --> 00:25:28,875
whether Rabin would agree
to shake Arafat's hand.
460
00:25:29,005 --> 00:25:32,487
So I went to Eitan Haber,
Rabin's chief of staff.
461
00:25:32,618 --> 00:25:35,751
{\an8}And he said, "Well,
Rabin agrees to shake his hand,
462
00:25:35,882 --> 00:25:38,014
{\an8}but he has three conditions.
463
00:25:38,145 --> 00:25:40,016
No gun,
464
00:25:40,147 --> 00:25:41,801
no uniform,
465
00:25:41,888 --> 00:25:43,280
and no kissing."
466
00:25:43,411 --> 00:25:46,370
[♪]
467
00:25:46,501 --> 00:25:48,242
REPORTER: {\an8}
PLO leader Yasser Arafat
468
00:25:48,372 --> 00:25:50,418
{\an8}arrived here in Washington,
D.C. this afternoon.
469
00:25:50,549 --> 00:25:51,985
{\an8}He is scheduled to take part
470
00:25:52,115 --> 00:25:53,856
{\an8}in tomorrow morning's
signing ceremony
471
00:25:53,987 --> 00:25:56,424
{\an8}for the Middle East
peace agreement.
472
00:25:56,555 --> 00:25:58,208
{\an8}We'll now take a look
at his arrival.
473
00:26:01,690 --> 00:26:04,258
We went to see Arafat,
tried to convince him
474
00:26:04,388 --> 00:26:08,175
{\an8}and persuade him that
he simply cannot carry a gun.
475
00:26:08,305 --> 00:26:12,048
So he wanted to say, "Can I have
the holster without the gun?"
476
00:26:12,179 --> 00:26:14,137
And we said,
"That won't work, either."
477
00:26:15,922 --> 00:26:17,358
INDYK: {\an8}
The kissing issue,
478
00:26:17,488 --> 00:26:19,578
{\an8}I delegated to Ed Djerejian,
479
00:26:19,708 --> 00:26:21,710
who was the one
who had to go out
480
00:26:21,841 --> 00:26:24,713
to Andrews Air Force Base
to greet Arafat.
481
00:26:24,844 --> 00:26:26,889
And I said,
"You've got to figure out
482
00:26:27,020 --> 00:26:29,718
a way to stop Arafat
from kissing you.
483
00:26:29,849 --> 00:26:31,328
Because if he kisses you,
the game's up.
484
00:26:31,459 --> 00:26:33,983
He'll end up kissing everybody."
485
00:26:34,114 --> 00:26:37,552
So Ed figured out a way
to shake hands with Arafat
486
00:26:37,683 --> 00:26:39,815
where he shook hands
with one hand
487
00:26:39,946 --> 00:26:44,646
and held him at arm's length
with the other on his bicep,
488
00:26:44,733 --> 00:26:47,431
and it looked like
it was a warm embrace.
489
00:26:47,562 --> 00:26:51,131
{\an8}The next morning,
we coached the president
490
00:26:51,261 --> 00:26:55,178
{\an8}on how to do this
double-handed handshake.
491
00:26:55,309 --> 00:26:58,225
{\an8}I have this wonderful
photograph of him practicing
492
00:26:58,312 --> 00:27:00,706
{\an8}with the national
security adviser, Tony Lake.
493
00:27:00,836 --> 00:27:03,883
{\an8}[PEOPLE CHATTERING, LAUGHING]
494
00:27:04,013 --> 00:27:05,841
So the kissing was solved.
495
00:27:05,972 --> 00:27:08,365
The question then
was the uniform.
496
00:27:08,496 --> 00:27:12,152
{\an8}And Arafat always wore this,
what looked like a uniform.
497
00:27:12,239 --> 00:27:13,762
{\an8}He never was seen
in anything else.
498
00:27:13,893 --> 00:27:16,286
{\an8}It was part of his
kind of image.
499
00:27:16,417 --> 00:27:20,116
{\an8}So I talked to Bandar,
who was the Saudi ambassador,
500
00:27:20,247 --> 00:27:22,510
{\an8}and Bandar went to Arafat,
and said:
501
00:27:22,641 --> 00:27:25,513
"You cannot come
to the ceremony in a uniform.
502
00:27:25,600 --> 00:27:28,864
And I have arranged for my
tailor to be at your hotel room.
503
00:27:28,995 --> 00:27:31,171
He will make you
a beautiful suit
504
00:27:31,258 --> 00:27:33,216
that you'll be able
to wear tomorrow."
505
00:27:33,347 --> 00:27:35,262
So, Arafat says, "Oh, okay."
506
00:27:35,349 --> 00:27:39,222
And they go to his hotel room,
and there's the tailor.
507
00:27:39,353 --> 00:27:45,228
Arafat takes off his uniform
and put on this suit coat,
508
00:27:45,359 --> 00:27:48,841
at which point
everybody bursts out laughing.
509
00:27:48,971 --> 00:27:50,973
As soon as they laughed at him,
510
00:27:51,104 --> 00:27:54,411
he realized that this was
gonna be humiliation for him.
511
00:27:54,542 --> 00:27:56,413
{\an8}So he said, "Forget about it."
512
00:27:56,544 --> 00:27:58,851
{\an8}Sent the tailor away,
sent Bandar away.
513
00:27:58,981 --> 00:28:01,680
{\an8}But Bandar never called me
and told me.
514
00:28:01,810 --> 00:28:05,161
{\an8}So the next morning,
when Arafat and Rabin
515
00:28:05,248 --> 00:28:08,034
{\an8}are supposed to be on their way
to the White House,
516
00:28:08,121 --> 00:28:10,950
and there's a phone call
from Eitan Haber,
517
00:28:11,080 --> 00:28:15,606
saying, "Rabin is watching
Arafat get into his limousine,
518
00:28:15,694 --> 00:28:19,567
{\an8}and he's wearing a uniform,
and Rabin is not coming."
519
00:28:19,698 --> 00:28:21,917
I got the Situation Room
to track down Bandar,
520
00:28:22,048 --> 00:28:25,573
who was at that moment
in the car with Arafat.
521
00:28:25,660 --> 00:28:28,054
I said, "He's not wearing
a uniform, is he?"
522
00:28:28,184 --> 00:28:30,230
And Bandar says:
523
00:28:30,360 --> 00:28:32,536
"Uh... Uh... Uh...
524
00:28:32,667 --> 00:28:34,103
Uh, it's a safari suit."
525
00:28:36,845 --> 00:28:39,369
{\an8}I said, "Safari suit?
Oh, okay.
526
00:28:39,500 --> 00:28:41,763
{\an8}Are there medals
on this safari suit?"
527
00:28:41,894 --> 00:28:44,287
{\an8}He says, "Uh, no, no.
No medals, no medals."
528
00:28:46,725 --> 00:28:48,988
So I get Eitan
on the other line.
529
00:28:49,118 --> 00:28:51,294
He said, "Wait a minute."
He goes, comes back.
530
00:28:51,425 --> 00:28:53,296
He says, "All right.
Rabin is coming."
531
00:28:55,777 --> 00:28:57,300
- How are you, sir?
- How are you?
532
00:29:00,564 --> 00:29:03,176
[PEOPLE CHATTERING INDISTINCTLY]
533
00:29:18,104 --> 00:29:19,148
ROSS: {\an8}
Arafat is beaming.
534
00:29:19,279 --> 00:29:21,977
{\an8}For him, he's arrived.
535
00:29:22,108 --> 00:29:25,024
He's at the White House.
The whole world is watching him.
536
00:29:25,154 --> 00:29:27,243
{\an8}You know, he's just beaming.
He's happy.
537
00:29:31,291 --> 00:29:33,206
RABIN: {\an8}
It's going to be
very difficult.
538
00:29:33,336 --> 00:29:35,208
CLINTON: {\an8}
Look, we've just got to try...
539
00:29:35,338 --> 00:29:37,340
ROSS: {\an8}
The president,
when he's alone with him,
540
00:29:37,471 --> 00:29:38,907
{\an8}says, "We need a handshake."
541
00:29:39,038 --> 00:29:42,215
{\an8}And Rabin is like, just,
you know, his...
542
00:29:42,345 --> 00:29:46,349
He can't hide
how uncomfortable he is.
543
00:29:48,656 --> 00:29:50,876
{\an8}This was emotionally wrenching
for Rabin,
544
00:29:51,006 --> 00:29:53,356
{\an8}knowing he was going
to have to shake Arafat's hand.
545
00:29:57,056 --> 00:29:59,101
MAN [OVER PA]: {\an8}
Ladies and gentlemen,
Mr. Arafat,
546
00:29:59,232 --> 00:30:01,147
{\an8}chairman
of the Executive Council
547
00:30:01,277 --> 00:30:04,019
{\an8}of the Palestine
Liberation Organization,
548
00:30:04,106 --> 00:30:07,806
{\an8}His Excellency Yitzhak Rabin,
prime minister of Israel,
549
00:30:07,893 --> 00:30:09,590
the president
of the United States.
550
00:30:09,720 --> 00:30:11,984
[CROWD APPLAUDING]
551
00:30:14,682 --> 00:30:17,076
[IN ARABIC]
552
00:30:43,929 --> 00:30:47,193
[CROWD APPLAUDING]
553
00:30:47,323 --> 00:30:50,152
RABIN:
Let me say to you,
the Palestinians,
554
00:30:50,283 --> 00:30:54,722
we, the soldiers
who have returned from battles,
555
00:30:54,853 --> 00:30:57,203
stained with blood,
556
00:30:57,333 --> 00:31:00,859
we who have come from a land
557
00:31:00,989 --> 00:31:04,210
where parents
bury their children,
558
00:31:04,340 --> 00:31:06,908
we say to you today
559
00:31:07,039 --> 00:31:10,433
in a loud and a clear voice,
560
00:31:10,564 --> 00:31:14,046
enough of blood and tears.
561
00:31:14,176 --> 00:31:15,264
Enough.
562
00:31:15,395 --> 00:31:17,440
[CROWD APPLAUDING]
563
00:31:19,312 --> 00:31:21,836
[CROWD CHEERING]
564
00:31:34,109 --> 00:31:36,851
[♪]
565
00:31:48,907 --> 00:31:51,474
ROSS: {\an8}
I went to see Arafat in Tunis.
566
00:31:52,606 --> 00:31:54,260
{\an8}I go into his office.
567
00:31:54,390 --> 00:31:57,916
I walk in, and the guys
around him are sitting there,
568
00:31:58,003 --> 00:31:59,830
{\an8}watching the TV show
The Golden Girls.
569
00:31:59,961 --> 00:32:02,311
DOROTHY: {\an8}
Stan and I went through
a period where we had
570
00:32:02,442 --> 00:32:04,096
{\an8}no marital relations at all.
571
00:32:04,226 --> 00:32:06,446
{\an8}I totally cut off his sex.
572
00:32:06,576 --> 00:32:09,362
{\an8}You mean it grows back?
573
00:32:09,492 --> 00:32:11,451
ROSS:
The Golden Girls {\an8}
is an American show.
574
00:32:11,538 --> 00:32:13,932
{\an8}They're effectively Jewish,
and they live in Miami.
575
00:32:17,283 --> 00:32:19,111
{\an8}I turn to the people with me,
I go:
576
00:32:19,241 --> 00:32:21,243
"These guys are revolutionaries,
577
00:32:21,374 --> 00:32:23,767
and they're watching {\an8}
The Golden Girls?"
578
00:32:23,898 --> 00:32:25,856
Arafat comes in.
He apologizes for being late.
579
00:32:27,597 --> 00:32:30,818
And it begins
what is a tradition.
580
00:32:30,949 --> 00:32:33,168
Every meeting with him
is a meal.
581
00:32:33,299 --> 00:32:36,389
{\an8}And the first entrée
is not only chicken,
582
00:32:36,519 --> 00:32:38,652
{\an8}but he insists
on cutting my chicken for me.
583
00:32:38,782 --> 00:32:41,698
I said, "The last person who cut
my meals for me was my mother.
584
00:32:41,829 --> 00:32:43,352
It's been a long time."
585
00:32:43,483 --> 00:32:45,441
I'm watching {\an8}The Golden Girls.
586
00:32:45,528 --> 00:32:48,836
He's cutting my meal. There's
a Jewish mother syndrome here.
587
00:32:48,967 --> 00:32:51,447
{\an8}But what I see
in this first meeting
588
00:32:51,578 --> 00:32:54,885
{\an8}is that Arafat has
a completely different concept
589
00:32:55,016 --> 00:32:56,365
{\an8}of what the Oslo agreement is.
590
00:32:58,759 --> 00:33:01,457
Everything that he discussed
is about independence
591
00:33:01,544 --> 00:33:03,416
and the symbols of independence.
592
00:33:03,546 --> 00:33:06,506
So I immediately see that
there's a huge conceptual gap
593
00:33:06,636 --> 00:33:07,986
between the two sides.
594
00:33:08,116 --> 00:33:09,596
[♪]
595
00:33:12,251 --> 00:33:14,122
HELAL: {\an8}
For the Palestinians,
596
00:33:14,253 --> 00:33:20,389
the Oslo agreement was supposed
to be an interim short period
597
00:33:20,520 --> 00:33:23,610
that would lead them
to establish their own states.
598
00:33:23,740 --> 00:33:27,875
And on the Israeli side, it was
a testing period, if you will.
599
00:33:28,006 --> 00:33:31,357
If you do one, two, three, we
might give you four, five, six.
600
00:33:31,487 --> 00:33:32,923
If you don't, then we will halt.
601
00:33:33,011 --> 00:33:35,622
It was based,
like many other agreements,
602
00:33:35,752 --> 00:33:40,018
on that diplomatic tool
called "constructive ambiguity."
603
00:33:40,148 --> 00:33:43,586
I think it should be called
"destructive ambiguity,"
604
00:33:43,717 --> 00:33:46,285
because sooner or later,
605
00:33:46,415 --> 00:33:49,636
the points of differences
will come back to haunt you.
606
00:33:49,723 --> 00:33:54,119
I remember at one point,
President Assad of Syria said:
607
00:33:54,249 --> 00:33:56,251
{\an8}"Every line of that agreement
608
00:33:56,382 --> 00:33:59,124
{\an8}needs a thousand page
to explain it."
609
00:34:06,131 --> 00:34:07,697
There was ambiguity
610
00:34:07,828 --> 00:34:11,397
about what the endgame
was going to look like.
611
00:34:11,527 --> 00:34:13,486
It didn't spell out
612
00:34:13,573 --> 00:34:17,011
what the ultimate resolution
of the conflict would look like.
613
00:34:17,098 --> 00:34:20,275
These two negotiating partners
were in different universes.
614
00:34:21,929 --> 00:34:24,801
{\an8}Arafat was never a negotiator.
615
00:34:24,932 --> 00:34:26,629
{\an8}And for him, the breakthrough
616
00:34:26,760 --> 00:34:30,894
of getting recognition
of the PLO
617
00:34:31,025 --> 00:34:33,071
meant that everything else
was unimportant.
618
00:34:33,201 --> 00:34:35,508
And I think it is right
that he believed
619
00:34:35,638 --> 00:34:39,077
that over time,
things would develop his way.
620
00:34:39,207 --> 00:34:41,122
{\an8}And as a result
of this position,
621
00:34:41,253 --> 00:34:44,865
{\an8}he got a very weak
Swiss cheese declaration.
622
00:34:50,305 --> 00:34:52,177
{\an8}So from
the Israeli perspective,
623
00:34:52,264 --> 00:34:56,268
it was a significant
negotiating victory,
624
00:34:56,398 --> 00:35:00,054
because Rabin and Israel
didn't have to face
625
00:35:00,185 --> 00:35:02,535
any of the issues
that were hard for them.
626
00:35:02,665 --> 00:35:06,582
{\an8}No mention of Jerusalem.
No mention of settlements.
627
00:35:06,713 --> 00:35:09,542
{\an8}No mention
of territorial jurisdiction.
628
00:35:09,672 --> 00:35:12,719
{\an8}And no mention of a state
as an outcome.
629
00:35:16,549 --> 00:35:18,246
INDYK: {\an8}
The Oslo agreement
630
00:35:18,333 --> 00:35:20,640
is not an agreement
that we would have negotiated.
631
00:35:20,770 --> 00:35:23,773
It left too much
to an implementation process
632
00:35:23,904 --> 00:35:26,820
in which both sides were able
to basically
633
00:35:26,950 --> 00:35:28,691
not fulfill their obligations,
634
00:35:28,778 --> 00:35:33,131
and that really ate away
at the core of the bargain.
635
00:35:33,261 --> 00:35:35,785
[♪]
636
00:35:35,872 --> 00:35:38,048
{\an8}[GUNFIRE]
637
00:35:38,179 --> 00:35:40,747
REPORTER 1: {\an8}
A settler opened fire
with an automatic rifle
638
00:35:40,877 --> 00:35:43,967
{\an8}in a crowded mosque in
the West Bank town of Hebron.
639
00:35:44,098 --> 00:35:45,882
{\an8}At least 40 Palestinians
were killed,
640
00:35:46,013 --> 00:35:47,971
{\an8}scores more wounded.
641
00:35:48,102 --> 00:35:49,582
REPORTER 2: {\an8}
The aftermath
of a house of prayer
642
00:35:49,712 --> 00:35:52,106
{\an8}transformed
into a slaughterhouse.
643
00:35:52,193 --> 00:35:54,282
REPORTER 3: {\an8}
The killer, an American-born
Jew, Baruch Goldstein...
644
00:35:54,413 --> 00:35:56,763
People who know him
say he was dead set
645
00:35:56,893 --> 00:35:59,548
against the Israeli-PLO
peace process,
646
00:35:59,679 --> 00:36:03,204
filled with hate for Arabs,
and out for revenge.
647
00:36:03,335 --> 00:36:05,293
The Goldstein massacre
was the equivalent
648
00:36:05,424 --> 00:36:07,861
of a heart attack
for the Oslo process.
649
00:36:07,991 --> 00:36:11,343
{\an8}After that, the Israelis
were constantly buffeted
650
00:36:11,473 --> 00:36:12,605
{\an8}by suicide bombings.
651
00:36:16,261 --> 00:36:17,914
REPORTER: {\an8}
A bomb blast
in central Tel Aviv
652
00:36:18,045 --> 00:36:20,265
{\an8}has killed more than 20 people.
653
00:36:20,395 --> 00:36:23,311
A terrorist attack would take
place while we were sleeping.
654
00:36:23,442 --> 00:36:26,401
I would wake up,
drive straight into work,
655
00:36:26,532 --> 00:36:28,534
get on the phone with Dennis
on the way in,
656
00:36:28,621 --> 00:36:31,624
and we'd talk about
what is it now we can do
657
00:36:31,754 --> 00:36:34,148
to try to get the process
back on track?
658
00:36:34,235 --> 00:36:36,846
[♪]
659
00:36:42,069 --> 00:36:44,071
ROSS: {\an8}
We do the first
implementing agreement
660
00:36:44,202 --> 00:36:45,855
{\an8}with the Palestinians
on May 4th,
661
00:36:45,942 --> 00:36:48,641
{\an8}the Gaza-Jericho Agreement.
662
00:36:48,728 --> 00:36:50,947
{\an8}It means you're gonna have
the Palestinian Authority
663
00:36:51,078 --> 00:36:52,775
{\an8}set up in Gaza and in Jericho.
664
00:36:56,126 --> 00:36:58,564
{\an8}We have a three-way meeting,
665
00:36:58,694 --> 00:37:02,829
and we resolve
what is the two final issues.
666
00:37:02,916 --> 00:37:05,701
{\an8}One has to do with the size
of the Jericho district,
667
00:37:05,832 --> 00:37:08,182
{\an8}and the other has to do
with the Allenby Bridge,
668
00:37:08,313 --> 00:37:10,663
{\an8}whether the Palestinians
can have a policeman there.
669
00:37:10,750 --> 00:37:13,187
And in each case, Rabin agrees
670
00:37:13,274 --> 00:37:15,320
that he will consider
each of these issues.
671
00:37:15,450 --> 00:37:18,279
He won't agree to it now, but he
agrees he'll consider them,
672
00:37:18,410 --> 00:37:20,194
and that's good enough
for Arafat.
673
00:37:20,325 --> 00:37:21,804
Then at 2 in the morning,
suddenly,
674
00:37:21,935 --> 00:37:24,198
Arafat raises
those same two issues again,
675
00:37:24,329 --> 00:37:26,244
and Amnon Shahak
starts to laugh.
676
00:37:27,723 --> 00:37:29,029
And Arafat says...
677
00:37:29,159 --> 00:37:30,813
[IMITATING ARAFAT]
"Am I a joke?
678
00:37:30,944 --> 00:37:32,641
Do you think I'm a joke?"
679
00:37:32,772 --> 00:37:35,296
[NORMAL VOICE]
And Rabin puts his hands up
like this,
680
00:37:35,383 --> 00:37:37,820
and says, "No,
we take you very seriously."
681
00:37:40,083 --> 00:37:42,608
{\an8}Just like that.
682
00:37:42,738 --> 00:37:44,653
{\an8}And you could see
it calms Arafat down.
683
00:37:44,784 --> 00:37:46,742
[HELICOPTER WHIRRING]
684
00:37:46,873 --> 00:37:48,657
[SIRENS WAILING]
685
00:37:53,096 --> 00:37:55,621
REPORTER 1: {\an8}
Israel's fragile peace process
with the PLO
686
00:37:55,751 --> 00:37:58,580
{\an8}suffered a major blow today,
one that even...
687
00:37:58,711 --> 00:38:01,148
REPORTER 2: {\an8}
Dozens of Israeli soldiers
were at this bus stop
688
00:38:01,279 --> 00:38:03,237
{\an8}at about 9:30 a.m.
689
00:38:03,324 --> 00:38:05,979
{\an8}when a suicide attacker
detonated the first bomb.
690
00:38:06,109 --> 00:38:09,156
REPORTER 3: {\an8}
Two militant Muslim groups
which oppose the peace process,
691
00:38:09,287 --> 00:38:12,377
{\an8}Islamic Jihad and Hamas,
claimed responsibility.
692
00:38:12,507 --> 00:38:14,553
[PEOPLE SHOUTING INDISTINCTLY]
693
00:38:14,683 --> 00:38:16,990
REPORTER 4: {\an8}
Prime Minister Rabin
visited the site
694
00:38:17,077 --> 00:38:20,515
{\an8}and was loudly heckled by
onlookers calling him a traitor
695
00:38:20,646 --> 00:38:22,474
{\an8}for pursuing peace
with the Palestinians.
696
00:38:24,737 --> 00:38:27,870
[CHANTING IN HEBREW]
697
00:38:33,876 --> 00:38:36,314
One Shabbat afternoon,
I'm-I'm with him.
698
00:38:36,444 --> 00:38:38,272
{\an8}And there was
a demonstration outside
699
00:38:38,359 --> 00:38:41,580
{\an8}of his apartment,
you know, in Tel Aviv.
700
00:38:41,667 --> 00:38:43,495
{\an8}He was on the top floor and...
701
00:38:43,582 --> 00:38:45,540
We're sitting there,
and you could hear it.
702
00:38:45,627 --> 00:38:50,110
[CHANTING IN HEBREW]
703
00:38:50,197 --> 00:38:53,026
And he can tell I'm
a little bit distracted by it,
704
00:38:53,156 --> 00:38:56,159
and he says,
"Dennis, don't worry.
705
00:38:56,290 --> 00:38:58,074
It's not about you.
It's about me."
706
00:38:58,205 --> 00:39:03,906
CROWD [CHANTING IN HEBREW]:
707
00:39:04,037 --> 00:39:05,473
Yeah, we're working hard.
708
00:39:05,604 --> 00:39:06,953
We're gonna work hard.
709
00:39:07,083 --> 00:39:10,086
Things looks quite tough,
Mr. Ross.
710
00:39:10,217 --> 00:39:12,350
CROWD [CHANTING IN HEBREW]:
711
00:39:16,832 --> 00:39:18,878
[♪]
712
00:39:19,008 --> 00:39:20,923
{\an8}[SIRENS WAILING]
713
00:39:23,535 --> 00:39:25,101
ROSS: {\an8}
I was increasingly worried
714
00:39:25,232 --> 00:39:27,365
{\an8}about the stability
of Rabin's government.
715
00:39:27,495 --> 00:39:29,628
{\an8}I saw what the mood
in Israel was.
716
00:39:29,715 --> 00:39:33,022
{\an8}I saw a mood
that was increasingly ugly.
717
00:39:33,153 --> 00:39:36,374
I was worried about
what was happening with Israel.
718
00:39:36,504 --> 00:39:39,812
I was worried about
the strength of the right.
719
00:39:39,942 --> 00:39:42,423
[IN HEBREW]
720
00:39:50,518 --> 00:39:55,697
CROWD [CHANTING IN HEBREW]:
721
00:39:55,828 --> 00:39:59,962
ROSS: {\an8}
It made me think
of what Rabin had said to me,
722
00:40:00,093 --> 00:40:01,964
{\an8}that the potential
for a civil war was there.
723
00:40:02,095 --> 00:40:05,968
ALL [CHANTING IN HEBREW]:
724
00:40:07,709 --> 00:40:10,538
[♪]
725
00:40:10,669 --> 00:40:12,279
ROSS: {\an8}
There's a point at which
726
00:40:12,410 --> 00:40:14,629
{\an8}Arafat does
a serious set of arrests.
727
00:40:14,716 --> 00:40:17,284
He doesn't arrest a lot
of people and then release them.
728
00:40:17,415 --> 00:40:18,764
He does a serious set
of arrests,
729
00:40:18,894 --> 00:40:22,289
and he keeps it this way
for a while.
730
00:40:22,420 --> 00:40:24,422
{\an8}Rabin says to me,
"Look, Arafat is doing things
731
00:40:24,552 --> 00:40:25,727
{\an8}that are hard for him."
732
00:40:25,858 --> 00:40:27,468
He says,
"I know I have to give up
733
00:40:27,599 --> 00:40:29,296
more than the other side.
734
00:40:29,427 --> 00:40:31,037
I need to know they're prepared
735
00:40:31,167 --> 00:40:32,691
to do things
that are hard for them."
736
00:40:36,956 --> 00:40:39,001
{\an8}The closer we get
to the interim agreement,
737
00:40:39,132 --> 00:40:40,699
{\an8}the more he begins to say to me
738
00:40:40,786 --> 00:40:43,179
{\an8}that Arafat
is actually taking steps,
739
00:40:43,310 --> 00:40:46,792
{\an8}and I can see that something
changes in the relationship.
740
00:40:46,922 --> 00:40:49,447
[♪]
741
00:40:53,625 --> 00:40:57,629
INDYK: {\an8}
September '95
was when Arafat, Rabin,
742
00:40:57,716 --> 00:41:00,196
{\an8}Mubarak
and King Hussein of Jordan
743
00:41:00,327 --> 00:41:02,808
{\an8}all came to Washington
744
00:41:02,895 --> 00:41:05,463
{\an8}for the signing ceremony
of the Oslo II agreement.
745
00:41:08,378 --> 00:41:11,425
{\an8}This was a moment when
the Israelis and Palestinians
746
00:41:11,556 --> 00:41:13,209
{\an8}put together
the Oslo II Accord,
747
00:41:13,296 --> 00:41:15,168
which was immensely complicated,
748
00:41:15,298 --> 00:41:17,518
because it provided
for the establishment
749
00:41:17,649 --> 00:41:19,520
of the Palestinian Authority,
750
00:41:19,607 --> 00:41:22,915
and giving it control,
in effect, sovereignty,
751
00:41:23,045 --> 00:41:25,831
over 40 percent
of the West Bank.
752
00:41:25,961 --> 00:41:29,095
{\an8}The major towns
and cities of the West Bank
753
00:41:29,225 --> 00:41:31,053
{\an8}would come under
Arafat's control,
754
00:41:31,184 --> 00:41:32,664
{\an8}so it was a big deal.
755
00:41:36,363 --> 00:41:38,365
ROSS: {\an8}
It meant at the time
756
00:41:38,496 --> 00:41:41,629
the core of a state in the West
Bank was now going to exist.
757
00:41:41,760 --> 00:41:44,676
{\an8}[PEOPLE CHATTERING
INDISTINCTLY]
758
00:41:44,806 --> 00:41:46,504
{\an8}I also saw something change
759
00:41:46,634 --> 00:41:49,376
{\an8}in the relationship
between these two men.
760
00:41:49,507 --> 00:41:52,727
{\an8}Rabin's approach to Arafat
was totally different.
761
00:41:52,858 --> 00:41:54,903
{\an8}Here, he's at ease with Arafat.
762
00:41:54,990 --> 00:41:56,818
{\an8}[MEN CHUCKLING]
763
00:41:56,905 --> 00:42:00,996
In fact, there's a moment
before the deal is concluded
764
00:42:01,127 --> 00:42:05,348
{\an8}where the leaders are sitting
together in the Oval Office,
765
00:42:05,479 --> 00:42:07,133
and I get a message from outside
766
00:42:07,263 --> 00:42:09,918
that the negotiators
need to see me.
767
00:42:10,049 --> 00:42:12,007
So I go outside the Oval Office.
768
00:42:12,138 --> 00:42:13,922
They're saying,
"We have one last issue.
769
00:42:14,053 --> 00:42:15,576
It has to do
with the location
770
00:42:15,663 --> 00:42:17,491
of a whether or not
the Palestinians
771
00:42:17,622 --> 00:42:20,189
will have a police station
near Hebron."
772
00:42:20,320 --> 00:42:22,104
And they said,
"We can't resolve this.
773
00:42:22,235 --> 00:42:23,758
Only the leaders
can resolve it."
774
00:42:23,845 --> 00:42:26,631
So I go back in, and in front
of everybody, I say:
775
00:42:26,761 --> 00:42:28,589
"Look, Mr. President,
I need to borrow
776
00:42:28,720 --> 00:42:31,374
the prime minister
and the chairman."
777
00:42:31,505 --> 00:42:34,290
[♪]
778
00:42:34,421 --> 00:42:36,423
{\an8}The president has,
next to the Oval Office,
779
00:42:36,554 --> 00:42:39,165
{\an8}a small dining room,
so we go over there.
780
00:42:41,384 --> 00:42:42,560
{\an8}And I explain the issue.
781
00:42:52,700 --> 00:42:56,269
{\an8}And before Rabin
can say anything, Arafat says:
782
00:42:56,399 --> 00:42:58,401
{\an8}"What's ever acceptable
to the prime minister."
783
00:43:00,055 --> 00:43:00,882
{\an8}Just like that.
784
00:43:03,015 --> 00:43:05,800
{\an8}And Rabin looks at me,
looks at him, and he says:
785
00:43:05,931 --> 00:43:08,629
{\an8}"We will have
a police station there."
786
00:43:08,760 --> 00:43:11,153
{\an8}And they shake hands,
and that was it.
787
00:43:19,161 --> 00:43:21,555
{\an8}[FOOTSTEPS] [CAMERA SHUTTER CLICKS]
788
00:43:21,686 --> 00:43:25,254
INDYK: {\an8}
Arafat and Rabin left the room.
789
00:43:25,385 --> 00:43:30,042
Arafat put his arm
across Rabin's back.
790
00:43:32,479 --> 00:43:35,482
{\an8}And I thought that
really captured that moment
791
00:43:35,569 --> 00:43:38,311
{\an8}where they had moved
from being adversaries
792
00:43:38,441 --> 00:43:39,747
{\an8}to partners in peace.
793
00:43:39,878 --> 00:43:41,793
CLINTON: {\an8}
I believe I can find Jericho,
794
00:43:41,923 --> 00:43:44,056
{\an8}but otherwise, I don't know
much about this...
795
00:43:49,627 --> 00:43:51,977
INDYK: {\an8}
That night,
there was a reception
796
00:43:52,107 --> 00:43:54,849
{\an8}for the Arab American
and American Jewish communities
797
00:43:54,980 --> 00:43:58,374
{\an8}at the Corcoran Gallery
across from the White House,
798
00:43:58,505 --> 00:44:02,814
{\an8}and Arafat gave
a very reasonable speech.
799
00:44:02,944 --> 00:44:05,251
{\an8}This was a speech
about his Jewish cousins
800
00:44:05,381 --> 00:44:07,993
{\an8}and how peace was necessary.
801
00:44:08,080 --> 00:44:10,256
{\an8}And Rabin then got up,
and he said:
802
00:44:10,386 --> 00:44:11,823
{\an8}"You know, Mr. Chairman..."
803
00:44:11,953 --> 00:44:16,044
In our tradition,
there is a saying that...
804
00:44:16,131 --> 00:44:18,220
What is a Jewish sport?
805
00:44:19,569 --> 00:44:20,832
Speechmaking.
806
00:44:20,962 --> 00:44:22,311
[AUDIENCE LAUGHS]
807
00:44:24,618 --> 00:44:27,447
I start to believe,
Chairman Arafat...
808
00:44:29,144 --> 00:44:31,146
that you are close to be Jewish.
809
00:44:31,277 --> 00:44:33,148
[CROWD LAUGHING]
810
00:44:33,279 --> 00:44:35,498
[CROWD APPLAUDS]
811
00:44:35,585 --> 00:44:37,239
But then Rabin went on to say,
812
00:44:39,459 --> 00:44:41,983
for the first time,
"The Palestinians need a state."
813
00:44:42,114 --> 00:44:44,551
He had never said that.
It wasn't in the Oslo Accords.
814
00:44:44,682 --> 00:44:46,292
"Need a state of their own,
815
00:44:46,422 --> 00:44:50,557
so that we can separate
out of respect,
816
00:44:50,688 --> 00:44:52,080
not out of hatred."
817
00:44:52,211 --> 00:44:53,734
[♪]
818
00:44:58,826 --> 00:45:00,698
On the 4th of November,
819
00:45:00,828 --> 00:45:04,266
I had taken one of my kids
to the doctor.
820
00:45:04,397 --> 00:45:08,662
And I was on the way back, um...
821
00:45:08,749 --> 00:45:11,796
from the doctor,
and I got paged.
822
00:45:11,883 --> 00:45:14,842
And I said,
"Well, I'll-- It's...
823
00:45:14,929 --> 00:45:16,322
I'm 10 minutes from home,
824
00:45:16,452 --> 00:45:18,150
so I'll just call in
when I get home."
825
00:45:18,280 --> 00:45:20,413
Debbie, my wife,
when I walked in the door,
826
00:45:20,543 --> 00:45:21,719
said, "Rabin's been shot."
827
00:45:23,503 --> 00:45:24,417
And I said, "What?"
828
00:45:26,985 --> 00:45:28,856
Um...
829
00:45:28,987 --> 00:45:30,510
[SIGHS]
830
00:45:30,597 --> 00:45:31,729
So I, uh...
831
00:45:36,385 --> 00:45:38,910
I-I called, um...
832
00:45:39,040 --> 00:45:40,476
I called in immediately,
833
00:45:40,607 --> 00:45:44,089
and then as soon as I called in,
I mean...
834
00:45:44,176 --> 00:45:45,960
Christopher came on the phone with me.
835
00:45:46,047 --> 00:45:48,528
And while we were on the phone,
836
00:45:48,658 --> 00:45:50,312
they said,
"We learned that he died."
837
00:45:51,879 --> 00:45:54,795
Um...
838
00:45:54,926 --> 00:45:58,059
And so, you know,
here I'm on the one hand, I'm...
839
00:46:01,584 --> 00:46:02,629
I'm emotionally shaken.
840
00:46:06,372 --> 00:46:09,418
And at the same time,
I'm trying to think about...
841
00:46:11,029 --> 00:46:12,117
What do we do?
842
00:46:17,209 --> 00:46:18,340
And...
843
00:46:20,473 --> 00:46:22,170
You know, it, um...
844
00:46:32,920 --> 00:46:36,794
[VOICE BREAKS]
It's obviously still a moment
that I really can't talk about.
845
00:46:36,924 --> 00:46:39,492
[♪]
846
00:46:41,668 --> 00:46:42,843
MOREH:
You were with your wife.
847
00:46:44,192 --> 00:46:45,759
Yeah.
848
00:46:45,890 --> 00:46:48,153
And, um...
849
00:46:48,240 --> 00:46:50,938
And all three kids, and they'd
never seen me cry before.
850
00:46:52,679 --> 00:46:53,375
So...
851
00:46:55,203 --> 00:46:56,726
I'm...
852
00:46:56,814 --> 00:46:59,251
She's trying to explain to them
why I'm crying.
853
00:47:02,297 --> 00:47:04,734
And then I'm trying
to explain to them why I was.
854
00:47:04,865 --> 00:47:06,171
[SNIFFLES]
You know, it was a...
855
00:47:06,301 --> 00:47:07,389
[CLEARS THROAT]
856
00:47:09,522 --> 00:47:12,133
In a lot of ways,
it was something...
857
00:47:12,220 --> 00:47:14,266
It was something
I couldn't imagine.
858
00:47:14,353 --> 00:47:17,835
My wife came in with the phone,
and it was Eitan Haber.
859
00:47:17,965 --> 00:47:21,229
And he said to me,
"Rabin's been shot.
860
00:47:21,360 --> 00:47:23,405
Meet me at Ichilov Hospital."
861
00:47:24,580 --> 00:47:27,496
And hung up. I was stunned.
862
00:47:28,889 --> 00:47:30,630
So I raced to the hospital.
863
00:47:30,717 --> 00:47:32,284
Um...
864
00:47:32,414 --> 00:47:35,853
And as-- As we were
going down empty streets,
865
00:47:35,983 --> 00:47:38,681
the place was totally empty,
eerie.
866
00:47:38,812 --> 00:47:42,685
I got there, and I was taken
down into the basement,
867
00:47:42,816 --> 00:47:45,210
and Eitan was there.
868
00:47:46,559 --> 00:47:48,866
But he was writing something,
869
00:47:48,953 --> 00:47:51,129
and he didn't--
I said, "Eitan, hi,"
870
00:47:51,259 --> 00:47:53,566
and he didn't look at me
or anything.
871
00:47:53,653 --> 00:47:56,047
He just kept on writing.
872
00:47:56,177 --> 00:47:59,050
And so I turned around,
and didn't know what to do,
873
00:47:59,137 --> 00:48:02,401
and then Rabin's
chef de cabinet hugged me,
874
00:48:02,531 --> 00:48:05,360
and he whispered in my ear,
"Rabin is dead."
875
00:48:07,536 --> 00:48:11,105
And...that's how I found out.
876
00:48:11,236 --> 00:48:13,238
KESSEL: {\an8}
Reported
the prime minister was impacted
877
00:48:13,368 --> 00:48:15,457
{\an8}by those bullets fired
at short range.
878
00:48:15,588 --> 00:48:18,286
{\an8}CNN has confirmed that he was--
He is being treated
879
00:48:18,373 --> 00:48:21,724
{\an8}in the emergency ward
of Ichilov Hospital.
880
00:48:21,855 --> 00:48:24,336
SCHIEFFER: {\an8}
Truly shocking news
from the Middle East.
881
00:48:24,466 --> 00:48:28,166
Israel's prime minister, Yitzhak
Rabin, has been assassinated.
882
00:48:28,296 --> 00:48:30,777
The 73-year-old Rabin
was shot three times
883
00:48:30,908 --> 00:48:34,694
after addressing
a huge peace rally in Tel Aviv.
884
00:48:34,781 --> 00:48:36,609
He died of his wounds
a short time later.
885
00:48:47,881 --> 00:48:50,362
The world has lost
one of its greatest men.
886
00:48:52,103 --> 00:48:55,193
A warrior
for his nation's freedom,
887
00:48:55,323 --> 00:48:58,500
and now a martyr
for his nation's peace.
888
00:49:00,372 --> 00:49:03,853
Yitzhak Rabin was my partner
and my friend.
889
00:49:05,551 --> 00:49:06,508
I admired him,
890
00:49:07,857 --> 00:49:09,468
and I loved him very much.
891
00:49:11,818 --> 00:49:14,821
Because words cannot express
my true feelings,
892
00:49:16,562 --> 00:49:21,871
let me just say, {\an8}
shalom, chaver.
893
00:49:22,002 --> 00:49:22,698
Goodbye, friend.
894
00:49:24,309 --> 00:49:25,527
[BREATHLESSLY] {\an8}
Thank you.
895
00:49:26,833 --> 00:49:29,531
[♪]
896
00:49:34,275 --> 00:49:35,537
I am very sad,
897
00:49:37,409 --> 00:49:38,671
and very shocked
898
00:49:40,455 --> 00:49:44,372
for this awful
and terrible crime
899
00:49:46,026 --> 00:49:51,945
against one
of the brave leaders of Israel,
900
00:49:53,468 --> 00:49:54,252
and the peacemakers.
901
00:49:56,906 --> 00:49:59,300
CLINTON: {\an8}
I'll talk about this after
we've had chance to visit.
902
00:49:59,431 --> 00:50:01,215
ROSS: {\an8}
Then we were on the plane
very quickly
903
00:50:01,302 --> 00:50:02,912
{\an8}on the way to the funeral.
904
00:50:03,043 --> 00:50:04,349
BUSH: {\an8}
We're emotional
in our family.
905
00:50:04,479 --> 00:50:06,394
ROSS: {\an8}
We had the ex-presidents.
906
00:50:06,525 --> 00:50:09,310
{\an8}We had the leaders
of the both Senate and House.
907
00:50:09,441 --> 00:50:12,748
CLINTON: {\an8}
People look to us for guidance
and leadership...
908
00:50:12,879 --> 00:50:15,795
ROSS: {\an8}
My role was to brief them
on how they should behave
909
00:50:15,925 --> 00:50:17,884
{\an8}and what we were going into.
910
00:50:18,015 --> 00:50:20,191
{\an8}And so I told them:
911
00:50:20,321 --> 00:50:22,758
{\an8}"You're walking into an Israel
that is in a state of shock.
912
00:50:22,889 --> 00:50:24,369
{\an8}You're walking into a country
913
00:50:24,499 --> 00:50:26,327
{\an8}that's in a state
of depression.
914
00:50:26,458 --> 00:50:28,721
{\an8}What's the one pillar
they have outside of Israel?
915
00:50:28,851 --> 00:50:30,114
{\an8}The United States.
916
00:50:30,244 --> 00:50:32,768
{\an8}You need to send the message,
917
00:50:32,899 --> 00:50:34,292
{\an8}the U.S. is there for Israel."
918
00:50:37,208 --> 00:50:39,862
{\an8}Shimon Peres
became the prime minister,
919
00:50:39,993 --> 00:50:43,605
{\an8}and Clinton asked,
"Where's Peres right now?"
920
00:50:43,736 --> 00:50:45,607
{\an8}And I said, "He's shaken."
921
00:50:45,738 --> 00:50:47,305
{\an8}I said, "Peres has lost a guy
922
00:50:47,435 --> 00:50:50,264
with whom he's been a rival
for 50 years.
923
00:50:50,395 --> 00:50:52,484
You have to understand
what that means.
924
00:50:52,614 --> 00:50:56,401
He's been a rival, but he's been
this steady rock for him.
925
00:50:56,531 --> 00:50:59,056
{\an8}You're gonna have
to be his rock right now.
926
00:50:59,186 --> 00:51:01,319
{\an8}He has to know
that he's got you to count on."
927
00:51:05,845 --> 00:51:09,109
{\an8}And when Clinton sees Peres
when we get there,
928
00:51:09,240 --> 00:51:11,372
{\an8}Peres walks towards him
and extends his hand,
929
00:51:11,503 --> 00:51:14,549
{\an8}and Clinton envelops him
in a hug,
930
00:51:14,680 --> 00:51:18,901
{\an8}and just holds him that way
for an extended period of time,
931
00:51:19,032 --> 00:51:21,687
{\an8}and it was like he was
imparting already
932
00:51:21,817 --> 00:51:23,558
{\an8}what the relationship
was gonna be.
933
00:51:32,393 --> 00:51:34,526
{\an8}The assassination
is transforming for Clinton.
934
00:51:36,615 --> 00:51:38,921
{\an8}March 1993, he meets Rabin.
935
00:51:39,052 --> 00:51:41,489
And he tells Rabin,
"You take risks for peace,
936
00:51:41,620 --> 00:51:44,318
and my responsibility
is to minimize those risks."
937
00:51:44,449 --> 00:51:46,451
{\an8}So when Rabin is assassinated,
938
00:51:46,581 --> 00:51:49,454
{\an8}the burden falls to Clinton
in his mind.
939
00:51:49,584 --> 00:51:51,456
{\an8}He owes this debt.
940
00:51:51,586 --> 00:51:52,935
{\an8}He said,
"Take risks for peace,"
941
00:51:53,066 --> 00:51:54,154
{\an8}and now he's dead.
942
00:51:57,766 --> 00:51:59,812
{\an8}People say that
Clinton just wanted a legacy.
943
00:51:59,942 --> 00:52:01,422
That wasn't it.
944
00:52:01,553 --> 00:52:04,817
He had a sense of mission
because of this.
945
00:52:04,947 --> 00:52:08,864
[♪]
946
00:52:08,995 --> 00:52:12,694
MILLER: {\an8}
Rabin made Clinton
a part of history.
947
00:52:12,825 --> 00:52:14,305
The young Bill Clinton,
948
00:52:14,435 --> 00:52:16,176
with almost no foreign policy
experience,
949
00:52:16,263 --> 00:52:18,396
was made a part
of the historical narrative
950
00:52:18,526 --> 00:52:21,790
as a consequence
of historic undertaking.
951
00:52:21,877 --> 00:52:24,358
{\an8}This is part of the context.
952
00:52:24,489 --> 00:52:27,361
{\an8}This is part
of Bill Clinton's DNA.
953
00:52:36,370 --> 00:52:38,894
CROWD [CHANTING IN HEBREW]:
954
00:52:43,377 --> 00:52:45,945
Good evening, Israel has
elected its next prime minister
955
00:52:46,032 --> 00:52:50,558
with a razor-thin margin
separating deeply divided sides.
956
00:52:50,689 --> 00:52:53,082
[SPEAKING IN HEBREW]
957
00:53:00,307 --> 00:53:02,396
NEWS ANCHOR: {\an8}
President Clinton hosted
958
00:53:02,527 --> 00:53:05,356
{\an8}the Israeli prime minister
at the White House today.
959
00:53:05,486 --> 00:53:07,662
{\an8}It was the first meeting
of the two men
960
00:53:07,793 --> 00:53:10,143
{\an8}since Netanyahu's election
in May.
961
00:53:10,274 --> 00:53:12,014
{\an8}The prime minister
did not back away
962
00:53:12,145 --> 00:53:13,538
{\an8}from his hard-line position
963
00:53:13,625 --> 00:53:14,800
{\an8}on the Arab-Israeli
peace process
964
00:53:14,930 --> 00:53:16,671
{\an8}that the president supports.
965
00:53:20,936 --> 00:53:23,200
ROSS: {\an8}
The question was,
how could you manage a process
966
00:53:23,330 --> 00:53:25,202
{\an8}when you now had a leader
967
00:53:25,289 --> 00:53:29,031
{\an8}who clearly was cut
from a different kind of cloth?
968
00:53:29,162 --> 00:53:33,297
{\an8}In a sense, we had to figure
out what you could do with him.
969
00:53:33,427 --> 00:53:35,908
{\an8}Did you want the whole process
to fall apart?
970
00:53:36,038 --> 00:53:40,217
{\an8}Did you want to lose the
ability to make peace at all?
971
00:53:40,347 --> 00:53:41,740
{\an8}At that first meeting,
972
00:53:41,870 --> 00:53:44,351
{\an8}he was lecturing Clinton
and telling him:
973
00:53:44,482 --> 00:53:47,049
"You don't understand the Arabs.
I understand the Arabs.
974
00:53:47,180 --> 00:53:49,269
Here's how
we're gonna deal with the Arabs.
975
00:53:49,400 --> 00:53:53,142
We know what to do, and this
is what you have to do now."
976
00:53:53,230 --> 00:53:56,015
{\an8}And he said,
"They have to understand.
977
00:53:56,145 --> 00:53:58,235
It's a new world now.
978
00:53:58,365 --> 00:54:00,976
Uh, and they'll adjust.
You'll see, they'll adjust."
979
00:54:01,107 --> 00:54:02,674
{\an8}And at the end of the meeting,
980
00:54:02,804 --> 00:54:04,589
{\an8}he walks out,
and Clinton says to me:
981
00:54:04,676 --> 00:54:07,983
"Who does he think
the superpower is?"
982
00:54:08,114 --> 00:54:11,683
[GUNFIRE, PEOPLE CLAMORING]
983
00:54:11,813 --> 00:54:13,424
REPORTER: {\an8}
We are still keeping
a close eye
984
00:54:13,554 --> 00:54:15,295
{\an8}on the trouble
in the Middle East.
985
00:54:15,382 --> 00:54:17,558
{\an8}The violence began
when the Israeli leader
986
00:54:17,689 --> 00:54:20,953
{\an8}decided to open a new entrance
to an ancient tunnel
987
00:54:21,083 --> 00:54:24,130
{\an8}near a Muslim holy site
in Jerusalem.
988
00:54:24,261 --> 00:54:27,220
This is a crime, a big crime,
989
00:54:27,351 --> 00:54:31,398
against our religious
and holy places.
990
00:54:31,529 --> 00:54:34,836
[GUNFIRE]
991
00:54:34,967 --> 00:54:38,057
Good evening.
The prospects of a lasting peace
992
00:54:38,187 --> 00:54:40,233
in the Middle East
are fading fast tonight
993
00:54:40,320 --> 00:54:43,845
{\an8}as the clash between Israelis
and Palestinians over Jerusalem
994
00:54:43,932 --> 00:54:47,240
{\an8}now has exploded
into a mini war on two fronts.
995
00:54:47,371 --> 00:54:48,720
President Clinton today
996
00:54:48,850 --> 00:54:50,852
indirectly criticized
the Israelis.
997
00:54:50,983 --> 00:54:52,593
CLINTON: {\an8}
This has gone on too long
998
00:54:52,680 --> 00:54:54,900
{\an8}and hurt too many
innocent people.
999
00:54:55,030 --> 00:54:57,206
ROSS: {\an8}
I go over to the White House,
and I say,
1000
00:54:57,294 --> 00:54:59,252
{\an8}"Look,
the only way to stop this
1001
00:54:59,383 --> 00:55:01,646
{\an8}is if you bring everybody here
to the White House.
1002
00:55:01,776 --> 00:55:03,387
{\an8}This is getting out of control,
1003
00:55:03,517 --> 00:55:04,823
{\an8}and from a distance,
we can't stop it."
1004
00:55:04,953 --> 00:55:07,086
[♪]
1005
00:55:24,712 --> 00:55:28,281
{\an8}We're having lunch
in the White House,
1006
00:55:28,412 --> 00:55:32,329
{\an8}and King Hussein says to Bibi,
1007
00:55:32,459 --> 00:55:34,331
{\an8}"You don't have
the maturity to be a leader.
1008
00:55:34,461 --> 00:55:36,942
{\an8}You're not like Rabin.
1009
00:55:37,072 --> 00:55:39,945
Rabin understood that when
you have a negotiating partner,
1010
00:55:40,032 --> 00:55:43,949
you have to do things that give
them the ability to operate too.
1011
00:55:44,079 --> 00:55:46,212
You have to grow up
and become a leader,
1012
00:55:46,343 --> 00:55:48,606
and you're not one today."
1013
00:55:48,736 --> 00:55:50,999
{\an8}And there was absolute silence
in the room.
1014
00:55:57,745 --> 00:56:01,793
And then Bibi asks if he can
go off just with Arafat and me.
1015
00:56:01,923 --> 00:56:04,796
He gets with Arafat,
and he says, "Look.
1016
00:56:04,926 --> 00:56:08,539
Let's begin a negotiation,
and we can surprise the world.
1017
00:56:08,626 --> 00:56:10,367
No one expects
that we can do anything."
1018
00:56:10,497 --> 00:56:12,760
And Arafat says, "Okay."
1019
00:56:12,891 --> 00:56:15,415
[♪]
1020
00:56:20,768 --> 00:56:24,642
[SPEAKING INDISTINCTLY]
1021
00:56:24,772 --> 00:56:27,732
ROSS: {\an8}
At that time, it became clear
that in a lot of ways,
1022
00:56:27,862 --> 00:56:30,169
{\an8}the Clinton who was
interested in this before
1023
00:56:30,299 --> 00:56:32,432
{\an8}is not the Clinton afterwards.
1024
00:56:32,563 --> 00:56:35,957
He feels he has a responsibility
to fulfill the Rabin legacy.
1025
00:56:44,139 --> 00:56:45,750
MILLER: {\an8}
We took over the negotiations
1026
00:56:45,880 --> 00:56:48,013
{\an8}with a renewed commitment
to ensure
1027
00:56:48,143 --> 00:56:51,930
{\an8}that Rabin
wouldn't die in vain.
1028
00:56:52,060 --> 00:56:55,455
{\an8}We had
a historic responsibility.
1029
00:56:55,586 --> 00:56:59,067
{\an8}It was a team
that was dedicated, motivated,
1030
00:56:59,198 --> 00:57:02,636
{\an8}mostly American Jews
at the working level,
1031
00:57:02,767 --> 00:57:05,247
{\an8}convinced that this was
fundamentally
1032
00:57:05,378 --> 00:57:08,816
{\an8}in the national interest
of the United States,
1033
00:57:08,947 --> 00:57:12,211
{\an8}schooled, taught,
conditioned to the notion
1034
00:57:12,341 --> 00:57:13,908
that solving
the Arab-Israeli conflict
1035
00:57:13,995 --> 00:57:15,649
was critically important.
1036
00:57:18,739 --> 00:57:20,828
{\an8}We were hammered
during this period
1037
00:57:20,959 --> 00:57:23,265
{\an8}by being too accommodating
of Netanyahu,
1038
00:57:23,396 --> 00:57:25,485
{\an8}too enabling
of settlement activity,
1039
00:57:25,616 --> 00:57:27,748
{\an8}but without process,
there would have been nothing.
1040
00:57:29,358 --> 00:57:31,317
- MOREH: Dennis, you're Jewish.
- I am.
1041
00:57:31,404 --> 00:57:33,841
Beside Gamal, all the
negotiating team are Jews.
1042
00:57:33,972 --> 00:57:35,800
- Yes.
- How is this perceived
1043
00:57:35,930 --> 00:57:38,629
by the other side, as you're
supposed to be unbiased?
1044
00:57:38,759 --> 00:57:42,023
I think it's easy for them
to portray us as being one-sided
1045
00:57:42,154 --> 00:57:46,245
when they look at all
the negotiators as being Jewish.
1046
00:57:46,375 --> 00:57:48,508
Now, the reality is,
it was also
1047
00:57:48,639 --> 00:57:50,205
each of those people
who was Jewish
1048
00:57:50,336 --> 00:57:51,859
who carried the greatest passion
1049
00:57:51,990 --> 00:57:53,905
about wanting to see
this settled.
1050
00:57:54,035 --> 00:57:56,255
But you are biased.
You are biased.
1051
00:57:56,385 --> 00:57:58,083
In a way, you are.
You say yourself--
1052
00:57:58,213 --> 00:58:00,433
Wait, look.
But you know what? That's...
1053
00:58:00,564 --> 00:58:04,611
The notion that--
That, uh, mediators
1054
00:58:04,742 --> 00:58:07,658
have to be, quote,
"perfectly neutral,"
1055
00:58:07,788 --> 00:58:09,311
the only people who say that
1056
00:58:09,442 --> 00:58:11,966
have never done any mediation
of any hard issue.
1057
00:58:12,097 --> 00:58:13,402
I'm not an observant Jew.
1058
00:58:13,490 --> 00:58:15,056
I was raised
in a very traditional
1059
00:58:15,143 --> 00:58:18,799
Conservative Jewish household.
1060
00:58:18,930 --> 00:58:22,107
I don't think I,
or anyone, frankly,
1061
00:58:22,237 --> 00:58:25,023
who's ever worked
on this process
1062
00:58:25,153 --> 00:58:29,331
is free from the prejudgments
and prejudices and biases.
1063
00:58:29,462 --> 00:58:32,726
You are the sum total
of your experiences.
1064
00:58:32,857 --> 00:58:39,428
The downside is that you grow up
in a milieu and an environment
1065
00:58:39,559 --> 00:58:41,343
in which
you're much more familiar
1066
00:58:41,474 --> 00:58:45,086
with the needs and requirements
of one side, but not the other.
1067
00:58:49,177 --> 00:58:51,049
{\an8}Good morning, everyone.
I'm Thalia Assuras.
1068
00:58:51,179 --> 00:58:52,746
President Clinton convenes
1069
00:58:52,877 --> 00:58:55,053
the latest Mideast
peace summit this morning.
1070
00:58:55,183 --> 00:58:56,881
On the table, a U.S. proposal
1071
00:58:57,011 --> 00:58:59,666
for further Israeli troop
withdrawals from the West Bank.
1072
00:58:59,753 --> 00:59:02,930
[♪]
1073
00:59:05,803 --> 00:59:09,415
CLINTON: {\an8}
...our commitment to Israel's
security remains rock solid,
1074
00:59:09,546 --> 00:59:11,939
{\an8}why we'll continue
to do whatever is necessary...
1075
00:59:12,070 --> 00:59:14,202
ROSS: {\an8}
I had gone to Arafat,
Arafat said:
1076
00:59:14,333 --> 00:59:16,814
{\an8}"We need 30 percent
of the West Bank."
1077
00:59:16,944 --> 00:59:18,946
{\an8}Bibi says,
"I can do the lowest teen."
1078
00:59:19,077 --> 00:59:21,296
{\an8}The lowest teen is 13.
1079
00:59:21,427 --> 00:59:23,081
{\an8}So after real hard effort,
1080
00:59:23,211 --> 00:59:26,737
{\an8}I get Arafat to agree,
"Okay, 13 percent."
1081
00:59:26,867 --> 00:59:28,869
{\an8}When I go back to Bibi,
1082
00:59:29,000 --> 00:59:31,698
{\an8}I say, "Okay, look,
I got Arafat to 13 percent."
1083
00:59:31,829 --> 00:59:33,874
{\an8}He said,
"Well, I said I agree to 11."
1084
00:59:33,961 --> 00:59:38,531
I said, "You said, lowest teen."
He said, "Yeah, 11."
1085
00:59:38,662 --> 00:59:40,141
I said,
"Does 11 sound like a teen?
1086
00:59:40,272 --> 00:59:42,579
Thirteen is a teen."
1087
00:59:42,709 --> 00:59:44,885
He said, "Well, I meant 11."
1088
00:59:44,972 --> 00:59:47,018
I said, "You didn't say 11."
1089
00:59:49,977 --> 00:59:51,936
{\an8}Both Netanyahu and Arafat
1090
00:59:52,066 --> 00:59:55,200
{\an8}are not particularly responsive
in these meetings.
1091
00:59:55,330 --> 00:59:57,681
{\an8}Neither one was.
1092
00:59:57,768 --> 01:00:00,597
{\an8}And at one point, Arafat
got outraged by Netanyahu.
1093
01:00:00,684 --> 01:00:02,076
ARAFAT: {\an8}
Unbelievable.
1094
01:00:02,207 --> 01:00:03,687
ROSS: {\an8}
He feels he's not showing him
1095
01:00:03,817 --> 01:00:05,558
{\an8}sufficient respect and dignity.
1096
01:00:05,689 --> 01:00:07,386
ARAFAT: {\an8}
This cannot be acceptable...
1097
01:00:07,516 --> 01:00:09,736
ROSS: {\an8}
And Clinton blew up at Bibi
1098
01:00:09,867 --> 01:00:12,260
in front of Arafat
and the Palestinian team.
1099
01:00:12,391 --> 01:00:14,436
In a way that was...
1100
01:00:14,567 --> 01:00:17,657
When Clinton would get mad,
he would, like, just lose it.
1101
01:00:17,788 --> 01:00:19,920
Uh, and then Clinton walked out.
1102
01:00:20,051 --> 01:00:20,834
[CHUCKLES]
1103
01:00:23,141 --> 01:00:26,797
{\an8}Bibi then was...
Initially he was stunned.
1104
01:00:26,927 --> 01:00:29,016
And so he says, "All right,
what do you suggest?"
1105
01:00:29,147 --> 01:00:30,844
So I began to make suggestions,
1106
01:00:30,931 --> 01:00:33,542
and he was prepared
to go along with them.
1107
01:00:33,673 --> 01:00:37,111
NETANYAHU: {\an8}
Israeli forces have to have
security control,
1108
01:00:37,198 --> 01:00:39,070
{\an8}otherwise that place
will be taken over.
1109
01:00:39,200 --> 01:00:40,811
{\an8}And that's my confusion...
1110
01:00:40,941 --> 01:00:44,641
{\an8}[NETANYAHU CONTINUES
INDISTINCTLY]
1111
01:00:44,771 --> 01:00:48,949
MILLER: {\an8}
At that point, even Netanyahu,
with all his cynicism,
1112
01:00:49,080 --> 01:00:51,822
{\an8}also understood
certain realities.
1113
01:00:51,952 --> 01:00:55,652
[♪]
1114
01:01:01,179 --> 01:01:04,312
{\an8}Only the believers
could have believed
1115
01:01:04,443 --> 01:01:08,186
{\an8}that we could create
not one but two agreements
1116
01:01:08,273 --> 01:01:10,928
{\an8}between the PLO and this
Israeli prime minister.
1117
01:01:15,280 --> 01:01:18,152
Here was the first
and only Likud prime minister
1118
01:01:18,283 --> 01:01:20,677
in the history
of the State of Israel
1119
01:01:20,807 --> 01:01:24,071
not just to return
West Bank territory,
1120
01:01:24,202 --> 01:01:28,032
{\an8}but a guy who vowed he'd never
shake hands with Yasser Arafat,
1121
01:01:28,162 --> 01:01:29,903
{\an8}a guy who vowed
he'd never become a partner
1122
01:01:30,034 --> 01:01:31,775
{\an8}in any negotiation with Arafat,
1123
01:01:31,862 --> 01:01:35,604
{\an8}was willing
and able to do that.
1124
01:01:35,692 --> 01:01:37,955
[CROWD APPLAUDING]
1125
01:01:42,046 --> 01:01:45,832
This agreement gave Clinton
a sense of confidence
1126
01:01:45,919 --> 01:01:49,183
that if you put me in a room
1127
01:01:49,314 --> 01:01:51,882
with an Israeli
and a Palestinian
1128
01:01:52,012 --> 01:01:55,668
who are even remotely
interested in cutting a deal,
1129
01:01:55,799 --> 01:01:58,105
I could cut that deal.
1130
01:01:58,236 --> 01:02:00,107
REPORTER 1: {\an8}
New allegations
that President Clinton
1131
01:02:00,194 --> 01:02:01,761
{\an8}had an affair with a former... REPORTER 2: The president,
1132
01:02:01,848 --> 01:02:03,981
{\an8}seen in a video
with Monica Lewinsky...
1133
01:02:04,111 --> 01:02:06,157
REPORTER 3: {\an8}
The intern
had a sexual relationship...
1134
01:02:06,287 --> 01:02:08,637
REPORTER 4: {\an8}
Hillary Clinton
called the charges false.
1135
01:02:08,768 --> 01:02:10,944
ROSS: {\an8}
The Lewinsky affair
takes place as announced
1136
01:02:11,075 --> 01:02:15,514
between meetings
of Netanyahu with the president
1137
01:02:15,601 --> 01:02:17,646
and Arafat and the president.
1138
01:02:17,734 --> 01:02:19,953
CLINTON: {\an8}
The allegations I have read
are not true,
1139
01:02:20,084 --> 01:02:21,912
{\an8}and I will be vigorous
about it,
1140
01:02:22,042 --> 01:02:24,001
but I have to get back
to the work of the country.
1141
01:02:24,131 --> 01:02:26,525
I was up past midnight
with Prime Minister Netanyahu.
1142
01:02:26,655 --> 01:02:28,527
I've got Mr. Arafat coming in.
1143
01:02:28,657 --> 01:02:30,485
{\an8}I have got to get back to work.
1144
01:02:30,616 --> 01:02:32,705
[♪]
1145
01:02:32,836 --> 01:02:34,533
ROSS: {\an8}
The president has to go out
1146
01:02:34,663 --> 01:02:36,274
{\an8}to the opening
of the Gaza Airport
1147
01:02:36,404 --> 01:02:38,145
{\an8}and to preside over
the PNC meeting.
1148
01:02:40,495 --> 01:02:42,715
{\an8}And we're en route out there,
1149
01:02:42,846 --> 01:02:44,891
and suddenly he opens the door
and asks:
1150
01:02:45,022 --> 01:02:47,328
"Where's Hillary?
I gotta see Hillary."
1151
01:02:47,459 --> 01:02:51,942
And I find out after that,
that the news had just broken
1152
01:02:52,072 --> 01:02:54,988
that there's gonna be
impeachment,
1153
01:02:55,119 --> 01:02:58,687
{\an8}and the first person he wanted
to talk to was Hillary.
1154
01:02:58,818 --> 01:03:01,865
{\an8}During that whole trip,
she was with him all the time.
1155
01:03:01,952 --> 01:03:03,780
{\an8}I would come up late at night
to brief him,
1156
01:03:03,910 --> 01:03:05,433
{\an8}and she would be there.
1157
01:03:05,564 --> 01:03:08,001
We were flying down to Gaza
on the helicopter,
1158
01:03:08,132 --> 01:03:10,134
and he said to me,
"I didn't sleep at all,"
1159
01:03:10,264 --> 01:03:12,310
and he was troubled by all this.
1160
01:03:12,440 --> 01:03:14,225
[♪]
1161
01:03:24,235 --> 01:03:26,715
{\an8}We had a three-way meeting
with Arafat and Bibi,
1162
01:03:26,846 --> 01:03:28,805
{\an8}and I was sitting next to him.
1163
01:03:28,935 --> 01:03:31,633
{\an8}I could see he was writing
on his notepad,
1164
01:03:31,764 --> 01:03:33,679
"Focus on your job.
Focus on your job.
1165
01:03:33,810 --> 01:03:35,594
Focus on your job."
1166
01:03:35,724 --> 01:03:38,510
Uh, and what's even more
stunning,
1167
01:03:38,597 --> 01:03:42,819
the speech he gives at the PNC,
he completely ad libs.
1168
01:03:44,559 --> 01:03:47,475
I was with Chairman Arafat,
1169
01:03:47,606 --> 01:03:50,435
and four little children
came to see me
1170
01:03:50,565 --> 01:03:53,438
whose fathers
are in Israeli prisons.
1171
01:03:55,396 --> 01:03:59,226
Last night,
I met some Israeli children
1172
01:03:59,357 --> 01:04:02,447
whose fathers had been killed
in conflict with Palestinians.
1173
01:04:04,753 --> 01:04:06,538
If I had met them
in reverse order,
1174
01:04:06,668 --> 01:04:07,844
I would not have known
1175
01:04:09,846 --> 01:04:13,501
which ones were Israeli
and which Palestinian.
1176
01:04:13,632 --> 01:04:15,634
A stunning speech.
1177
01:04:15,764 --> 01:04:18,506
He is as much preacher
as teacher in this speech.
1178
01:04:18,637 --> 01:04:20,682
We must acknowledge
1179
01:04:20,769 --> 01:04:24,164
that neither side
has a monopoly on pain
1180
01:04:24,251 --> 01:04:26,079
or virtue.
1181
01:04:30,997 --> 01:04:34,696
The end of the speech,
I was crying.
1182
01:04:34,827 --> 01:04:38,570
I mean, it was unbelievable.
Hillary sees me and hugs me.
1183
01:04:38,657 --> 01:04:40,180
{\an8}[CROWD APPLAUDING]
1184
01:04:43,618 --> 01:04:46,491
HELAL: {\an8}
He was received
as a conquering hero,
1185
01:04:46,578 --> 01:04:49,146
{\an8}and the entire region saw it.
1186
01:04:49,276 --> 01:04:53,411
{\an8}Here is an American president
visiting a Palestinian area.
1187
01:04:53,541 --> 01:04:56,718
In that itself, there was
an implicit recognition
1188
01:04:56,805 --> 01:04:59,373
{\an8}of a future Palestinian state.
1189
01:05:06,119 --> 01:05:08,730
[♪]
1190
01:05:10,210 --> 01:05:11,777
Good morning, everybody.
1191
01:05:11,908 --> 01:05:13,735
Voters in Israel
have given their country
1192
01:05:13,866 --> 01:05:16,303
a new leader
and new hope for peace.
1193
01:05:16,390 --> 01:05:18,392
The election
of war hero Ehud Barak
1194
01:05:18,523 --> 01:05:21,569
puts an end to three stormy
years under Benjamin Netanyahu.
1195
01:05:21,700 --> 01:05:22,744
[CROWD CHEERING]
1196
01:05:22,831 --> 01:05:26,748
[IN HEBREW]
1197
01:05:37,542 --> 01:05:39,718
[ALL CHEERING]
1198
01:05:44,114 --> 01:05:46,943
MALLEY: {\an8}
Ehud Barak had a plan.
1199
01:05:47,073 --> 01:05:48,379
A plan from day one.
1200
01:05:48,509 --> 01:05:50,163
I think he had a plan
before day one.
1201
01:05:50,294 --> 01:05:53,340
He knew where he wanted to go
and where he wanted us to be
1202
01:05:53,471 --> 01:05:55,908
to take him there, and the
Palestinians and Syrians there.
1203
01:05:55,995 --> 01:05:57,605
[♪]
1204
01:06:01,696 --> 01:06:04,177
INDYK: {\an8}
Barak tells Clinton:
1205
01:06:04,308 --> 01:06:07,789
{\an8}"I have a mandate to finish
the job that Rabin started,
1206
01:06:07,920 --> 01:06:09,966
and I want to do it
in my first year
1207
01:06:10,096 --> 01:06:11,619
and your last year in office."
1208
01:06:14,666 --> 01:06:18,583
{\an8}Clinton had only one year left
when Barak was elected.
1209
01:06:18,713 --> 01:06:21,151
MALLEY: {\an8}
Clinton had a meeting
with Barak in Camp David.
1210
01:06:21,281 --> 01:06:23,327
{\an8}The two had a tête-à-tête
for hours,
1211
01:06:23,457 --> 01:06:26,199
{\an8}and Barak had put
his whole plan on the table.
1212
01:06:26,286 --> 01:06:28,723
{\an8}The president asked us to come,
because he was afraid
1213
01:06:28,810 --> 01:06:31,030
{\an8}he was gonna forget
what Barak had told him,
1214
01:06:31,117 --> 01:06:33,424
so he has to take notes
on everything he had said.
1215
01:06:33,511 --> 01:06:34,947
"I'm gonna do a Syria deal.
1216
01:06:35,078 --> 01:06:36,818
Then I'm gonna do
the Palestinian deal.
1217
01:06:36,949 --> 01:06:39,517
Here's what I'll do.
Here's what you'll do."
1218
01:06:39,647 --> 01:06:42,781
Astronomical sums of money the
U.S. would give to the Israelis
1219
01:06:42,911 --> 01:06:44,826
to help them with steps
they would take,
1220
01:06:44,957 --> 01:06:48,091
resolution of the issues,
how it would be done.
1221
01:06:48,221 --> 01:06:51,920
{\an8}And so I remember thinking,
"This is completely impossible.
1222
01:06:52,051 --> 01:06:54,184
{\an8}This is an unrealistic plan."
1223
01:06:54,314 --> 01:06:56,447
It assumes things
about how the Palestinians
1224
01:06:56,534 --> 01:06:58,971
and Syrians would react
which are divorced from reality.
1225
01:06:59,102 --> 01:07:02,061
CLINTON: {\an8}
We can make progress.
We just do the best we can.
1226
01:07:02,148 --> 01:07:04,194
The president is enthusiastic
after seeing him.
1227
01:07:04,324 --> 01:07:06,196
He says, "He's serious.
1228
01:07:06,283 --> 01:07:09,547
He's prepared to make big moves.
He's prepared to go very far.
1229
01:07:09,634 --> 01:07:13,072
{\an8}But he can do more
if he doesn't have to carry out
1230
01:07:13,203 --> 01:07:14,900
{\an8}further withdrawal
on the West Bank,
1231
01:07:15,031 --> 01:07:17,772
{\an8}which Netanyahu
already agreed to do."
1232
01:07:17,903 --> 01:07:19,513
{\an8}When I see Barak, I tell him,
1233
01:07:19,644 --> 01:07:21,428
{\an8}Arafat's gonna be
suspicious of this.
1234
01:07:21,515 --> 01:07:22,951
BARAK: {\an8}
It takes two to tango.
1235
01:07:23,082 --> 01:07:23,952
ROSS: {\an8}
He's going to think
1236
01:07:24,083 --> 01:07:25,780
{\an8}you're trying to humiliate him,
1237
01:07:25,911 --> 01:07:26,912
{\an8}that you're not showing him
1238
01:07:27,043 --> 01:07:28,392
{\an8}sufficient respect and dignity.
1239
01:07:30,437 --> 01:07:32,265
But Barak was someone
who felt he knew best.
1240
01:07:33,788 --> 01:07:35,660
{\an8}He wants to do Syria first,
1241
01:07:35,747 --> 01:07:38,619
{\an8}so he's holding back
on the Palestinian track.
1242
01:07:42,014 --> 01:07:44,234
REPORTER: {\an8}
The U.S. Secretary of State
Madeleine Albright
1243
01:07:44,364 --> 01:07:46,453
{\an8}arrived in Damascus,
where she was greeted
1244
01:07:46,584 --> 01:07:49,456
{\an8}by the Syrian foreign minister
Farouk al-Sharaa.
1245
01:07:49,587 --> 01:07:52,938
{\an8}Albright then went on
to meet President Hafez Assad
1246
01:07:53,069 --> 01:07:55,158
{\an8}to discuss resuming
peace talks with Israel.
1247
01:07:56,637 --> 01:07:58,161
[INAUDIBLE DIALOGUE]
1248
01:07:59,988 --> 01:08:01,947
INDYK: {\an8}
Amazingly, this time,
1249
01:08:02,034 --> 01:08:04,341
{\an8}Assad said he was ready.
He said, "I'm ready,
1250
01:08:04,471 --> 01:08:07,300
and I'm ready to send my foreign
minister to meet with Barak."
1251
01:08:07,431 --> 01:08:10,303
The foreign minister was sitting
there, Farouk al-Sharaa,
1252
01:08:10,434 --> 01:08:12,697
{\an8}"I've got to meet an Israeli?
You're kidding."
1253
01:08:12,827 --> 01:08:15,178
{\an8}Assad said,
"Yeah, you're gonna go."
1254
01:08:15,265 --> 01:08:16,701
So there we were.
1255
01:08:16,831 --> 01:08:20,922
It was like a sea change
in Assad's attitude.
1256
01:08:21,053 --> 01:08:24,100
[♪]
1257
01:08:24,230 --> 01:08:26,058
ROSS: {\an8}
When we fly to see Barak,
he says:
1258
01:08:26,145 --> 01:08:28,408
"Wow, in all my history it says,
1259
01:08:28,539 --> 01:08:30,410
when you have an opening,
go for it."
1260
01:08:30,541 --> 01:08:33,283
Today I am pleased to announce
1261
01:08:33,413 --> 01:08:36,460
that Prime Minister Barak
and President Assad have agreed
1262
01:08:36,590 --> 01:08:39,637
that the Israel-Syrian
peace negotiations
1263
01:08:39,724 --> 01:08:42,553
will be resumed from the point
where they left off.
1264
01:08:45,643 --> 01:08:47,732
MILLER: {\an8}
I was sitting with Arafat
in December
1265
01:08:47,862 --> 01:08:50,474
{\an8}when they announced the Sharaa
talks at Blair House.
1266
01:08:50,604 --> 01:08:55,827
And he kept squeezing my hand
until it ached.
1267
01:08:55,957 --> 01:08:58,612
And I said, "Mr. Chairman,
what do you think about this?"
1268
01:08:58,699 --> 01:09:00,266
And he only said
one thing to me:
1269
01:09:00,397 --> 01:09:02,660
"Barak should not take me
for granted."
1270
01:09:10,668 --> 01:09:13,018
AL-SHARAA: {\an8}
We are approaching
the moment of truth,
1271
01:09:13,149 --> 01:09:15,760
and there is no doubt
that everyone realizes
1272
01:09:15,890 --> 01:09:19,024
that a peace agreement
between Syria and Israel
1273
01:09:19,155 --> 01:09:23,507
would indeed mean for our region
the end of a history
1274
01:09:23,637 --> 01:09:26,118
of wars and conflicts.
1275
01:09:26,205 --> 01:09:27,772
[♪]
1276
01:09:33,038 --> 01:09:35,954
INDYK: {\an8}
A month later, we brought them
all to Shepherdstown
1277
01:09:36,041 --> 01:09:38,391
{\an8}to see if we can make a deal.
1278
01:09:38,522 --> 01:09:43,091
{\an8}And I went out
to the airport to meet Barak.
1279
01:09:43,222 --> 01:09:46,312
And he asked me to come up
and sit with him on the plane,
1280
01:09:46,399 --> 01:09:48,140
which was kind of unusual.
1281
01:09:48,271 --> 01:09:50,186
And he said to me,
1282
01:09:50,316 --> 01:09:51,274
"I can't do it."
1283
01:09:53,101 --> 01:09:55,800
Meaning,
"I can't give the commitment
1284
01:09:55,930 --> 01:09:58,194
to withdraw
from the Golan Heights.
1285
01:09:58,324 --> 01:09:59,934
My people aren't ready."
1286
01:10:00,065 --> 01:10:02,241
I was like:
1287
01:10:02,328 --> 01:10:04,025
"If you can't do that,
we're not gonna--
1288
01:10:04,156 --> 01:10:05,549
We're gonna be out of business
1289
01:10:05,679 --> 01:10:07,203
if you're not prepared
to do that."
1290
01:10:07,333 --> 01:10:10,162
He said, "No, I can't do it."
1291
01:10:10,293 --> 01:10:14,427
I remember going from there
to the Daily Grill.
1292
01:10:14,558 --> 01:10:18,518
Madeleine Albright was sitting
with Dennis, having dinner.
1293
01:10:18,605 --> 01:10:20,607
{\an8}I came from the airport
and sat down.
1294
01:10:20,694 --> 01:10:24,220
{\an8}I said to Madeleine,
"Houston, we've got a problem."
1295
01:10:24,350 --> 01:10:28,180
[♪]
1296
01:10:28,311 --> 01:10:30,356
What we hear
is that Barak has gotten polls
1297
01:10:30,487 --> 01:10:32,706
that show this is
not such a popular thing.
1298
01:10:32,837 --> 01:10:36,057
And he has to show
it's harder to produce it.
1299
01:10:36,188 --> 01:10:39,017
{\an8}But in the meantime,
we're here.
1300
01:10:39,147 --> 01:10:41,585
{\an8}The Syrians actually move
on a number of things.
1301
01:10:41,715 --> 01:10:43,978
{\an8}They move
on security arrangements.
1302
01:10:44,109 --> 01:10:45,980
{\an8}They move on the border.
1303
01:10:46,111 --> 01:10:48,461
{\an8}They're moving on everything.
1304
01:10:48,592 --> 01:10:50,768
{\an8}And we can't get Barak
to move on anything.
1305
01:10:55,947 --> 01:10:58,645
Clinton took him
to the woodshed.
1306
01:10:58,776 --> 01:11:01,344
Clinton said to Barak, "I'm
a better politician than you.
1307
01:11:01,474 --> 01:11:04,999
I know
your people will support this.
1308
01:11:05,130 --> 01:11:07,524
You need to do this.
You need to do it now."
1309
01:11:07,654 --> 01:11:09,874
{\an8}But all of his
persuasive powers,
1310
01:11:09,961 --> 01:11:13,486
{\an8}which were considerable,
were not enough to move Barak.
1311
01:11:13,617 --> 01:11:15,706
REPORTER 1: {\an8}
The peace talks
between Israel and Syria
1312
01:11:15,793 --> 01:11:18,361
{\an8}are winding down today
without a solid agreement.
1313
01:11:18,491 --> 01:11:20,841
REPORTER 2: {\an8}
That isn't good news
for President Clinton,
1314
01:11:20,972 --> 01:11:22,800
{\an8}who wants to preside over
a peace deal
1315
01:11:22,930 --> 01:11:24,280
{\an8}before he leaves office.
1316
01:11:27,457 --> 01:11:29,937
ROSS: {\an8}
Assad says to us,
"I don't know what Barak wants.
1317
01:11:30,068 --> 01:11:32,897
{\an8}How can we do a deal if we
don't know what Barak wants?"
1318
01:11:33,027 --> 01:11:34,942
Then Barak is really anxious.
1319
01:11:35,073 --> 01:11:37,249
He says, "Look, we're gonna
lose this possibility.
1320
01:11:37,336 --> 01:11:38,772
Clinton has to see him."
1321
01:11:40,165 --> 01:11:41,732
{\an8}To produce the meeting,
1322
01:11:41,862 --> 01:11:43,516
{\an8}Clinton has to call Assad
and say:
1323
01:11:43,647 --> 01:11:45,692
{\an8}"I now know what Barak wants."
1324
01:11:45,823 --> 01:11:48,173
[♪]
1325
01:11:58,401 --> 01:12:01,317
We go into the meeting,
and Clinton starts by saying:
1326
01:12:01,447 --> 01:12:04,015
"I'm gonna do something unusual.
I'm gonna read.
1327
01:12:04,102 --> 01:12:06,713
Barak has agreed to withdraw
to the June 4, '67 lines
1328
01:12:06,844 --> 01:12:08,846
and have a mutually
agreed border."
1329
01:12:08,933 --> 01:12:11,936
And Assad says,
"Well, then we have a problem."
1330
01:12:12,066 --> 01:12:14,330
And Clinton says,
"Let me explain this."
1331
01:12:14,460 --> 01:12:18,377
So he does the next line
that explains
1332
01:12:18,508 --> 01:12:20,292
that the border will be
off the water line.
1333
01:12:20,379 --> 01:12:22,816
{\an8}And this is where Assad says:
1334
01:12:22,947 --> 01:12:24,644
{\an8}"I used to go swimming
in the lake.
1335
01:12:24,775 --> 01:12:27,081
{\an8}I used to put my feet
in the lake."
1336
01:12:27,212 --> 01:12:30,302
Every possible attempt
that the president tried to do,
1337
01:12:30,433 --> 01:12:32,783
secretary tried to do,
Dennis tried to do,
1338
01:12:32,870 --> 01:12:34,611
it was over by then,
1339
01:12:34,741 --> 01:12:39,703
because he interpreted
"mutually agreed border" as:
1340
01:12:39,833 --> 01:12:42,096
"the Israelis will have a say
in determining
1341
01:12:42,227 --> 01:12:44,577
where will the border be,"
1342
01:12:44,708 --> 01:12:46,100
and he never accepted
that notion.
1343
01:12:48,799 --> 01:12:50,583
ROSS: {\an8}
At the end of the meeting,
1344
01:12:50,670 --> 01:12:53,804
{\an8}Assad could see Clinton's face
is all red,
1345
01:12:53,934 --> 01:12:56,546
He doesn't want
a total blowup with us.
1346
01:12:56,676 --> 01:13:00,376
So he walks over to me,
and he shakes my hand,
1347
01:13:00,506 --> 01:13:03,640
and he puts his arm up
on my shoulder here,
1348
01:13:03,727 --> 01:13:06,382
and says, "We've always
had good relations."
1349
01:13:06,469 --> 01:13:08,558
And I put my arm up
on his shoulder right here.
1350
01:13:08,688 --> 01:13:10,516
What you feel
when you grab someone's arm
1351
01:13:10,647 --> 01:13:12,039
is you feel muscle.
1352
01:13:12,126 --> 01:13:13,606
I felt no muscle.
I felt only bone.
1353
01:13:16,087 --> 01:13:18,829
{\an8}So I knew he was wasting away
and he was dying.
1354
01:13:18,959 --> 01:13:20,570
{\an8}He thinks doing a deal
at that point
1355
01:13:20,700 --> 01:13:22,920
{\an8}will threaten
the succession to his son.
1356
01:13:27,446 --> 01:13:29,622
So, what happened
essentially was,
1357
01:13:29,753 --> 01:13:33,234
yeah, Barak chased Syria,
and he dissed Arafat,
1358
01:13:33,365 --> 01:13:36,760
and then when Assad said no
in Geneva in March,
1359
01:13:36,890 --> 01:13:40,590
and was dead
in the first half of June,
1360
01:13:40,677 --> 01:13:44,158
Barak turned to Mr. Arafat,
and Arafat said:
1361
01:13:44,289 --> 01:13:48,293
{\an8}"Okay, the price just went up."
1362
01:13:48,380 --> 01:13:50,774
MALLEY: {\an8}
The week after Geneva failed,
1363
01:13:50,904 --> 01:13:52,906
Barak says he has
to speak urgently to Clinton.
1364
01:13:52,993 --> 01:13:55,605
{\an8}Sandy Berger, who was then
the national security adviser,
1365
01:13:55,735 --> 01:13:57,215
{\an8}wanted to protect Clinton
1366
01:13:57,345 --> 01:13:59,217
because he knew
what Barak was gonna say,
1367
01:13:59,347 --> 01:14:02,960
which is: "Now let's turn our
attention to the Palestinians."
1368
01:14:03,090 --> 01:14:05,266
And Sandy said:
1369
01:14:05,397 --> 01:14:07,878
"We just went through
an experience with the Syrians
1370
01:14:07,965 --> 01:14:09,009
that ended in failure.
1371
01:14:09,140 --> 01:14:10,576
We tried it your way.
1372
01:14:10,707 --> 01:14:12,535
It ended in failure."
1373
01:14:12,665 --> 01:14:15,233
At great cost obviously
to the Israelis and the Syrians,
1374
01:14:15,363 --> 01:14:17,148
but also at cost
to the credibility
1375
01:14:17,278 --> 01:14:19,585
of the United States. This one
we have to do differently.
1376
01:14:19,716 --> 01:14:21,979
We have to take it
more carefully.
1377
01:14:22,109 --> 01:14:23,937
[♪]
1378
01:14:24,068 --> 01:14:28,028
ROSS: {\an8}
Barak doesn't give up.
He comes to Washington.
1379
01:14:28,159 --> 01:14:30,814
When I see him, though, he spent
the whole night at Blair House.
1380
01:14:30,901 --> 01:14:32,076
He's up all night.
1381
01:14:32,163 --> 01:14:33,207
I can see he literally has
1382
01:14:33,338 --> 01:14:35,514
yellow pages spread everywhere.
1383
01:14:35,645 --> 01:14:37,342
{\an8}I mean, he's been working
all night.
1384
01:14:37,429 --> 01:14:39,910
{\an8}He's been working
everything through.
1385
01:14:40,040 --> 01:14:41,999
{\an8}And he's telling me
he wants to go to a summit
1386
01:14:42,129 --> 01:14:44,088
{\an8}with the Palestinians.
1387
01:14:44,218 --> 01:14:46,960
{\an8}But first of all, he's going
to withdraw from Lebanon.
1388
01:14:50,877 --> 01:14:53,532
RATHER: {\an8}
In the Middle East,
Israel's 15-year occupation
1389
01:14:53,663 --> 01:14:57,101
{\an8}of a South Lebanon security
zone came to an end today,
1390
01:14:57,231 --> 01:14:59,451
{\an8}six weeks ahead of schedule.
1391
01:14:59,582 --> 01:15:02,106
{\an8}The last retreating soldiers
locked the door behind them
1392
01:15:02,236 --> 01:15:06,806
{\an8}as Hezbollah guerrillas jeered
the departing Israelis.
1393
01:15:06,937 --> 01:15:09,766
NASRALLAH [IN ARABIC]:
1394
01:15:44,061 --> 01:15:46,280
[CROWD CHEERING]
1395
01:15:46,411 --> 01:15:48,587
MALLEY: {\an8}
Barak decides to withdraw
from Lebanon
1396
01:15:48,718 --> 01:15:51,068
{\an8}not as a result of a peace deal
1397
01:15:51,198 --> 01:15:53,810
{\an8}but of continuing firing
by Hezbollah.
1398
01:15:53,940 --> 01:15:57,770
So in the Palestinian psyche,
the lesson was, what pays?
1399
01:15:57,857 --> 01:15:59,772
Is it diplomacy,
or is it violence?
1400
01:16:02,514 --> 01:16:04,037
ROSS: {\an8}
The meeting I had with Arafat
1401
01:16:04,168 --> 01:16:06,605
{\an8}after the Israeli withdrawal
from Lebanon
1402
01:16:06,736 --> 01:16:09,173
{\an8}was probably one of the worst
meetings I had with him.
1403
01:16:09,303 --> 01:16:10,827
{\an8}He was in a terrible mood.
1404
01:16:10,957 --> 01:16:12,393
{\an8}He was swearing
every other word,
1405
01:16:12,480 --> 01:16:13,960
{\an8}which is out of character,
1406
01:16:14,091 --> 01:16:17,442
because he felt
he was made to look the fool.
1407
01:16:17,529 --> 01:16:19,966
That he is negotiating,
and what is he getting?
1408
01:16:20,097 --> 01:16:22,882
They don't negotiate, they do
violence, and they get it all.
1409
01:16:29,193 --> 01:16:31,587
{\an8}Regardless of
what's happening on the ground,
1410
01:16:31,717 --> 01:16:34,415
{\an8}Barak is insisting
to move immediately
1411
01:16:34,546 --> 01:16:36,853
{\an8}to a summit
with the Palestinians.
1412
01:16:36,983 --> 01:16:39,725
He's telling me, "We need
the pressure cooker of a summit,
1413
01:16:39,856 --> 01:16:42,032
because no one reveals
their real positions
1414
01:16:42,162 --> 01:16:44,164
except if they're in
a pressure cooker
1415
01:16:44,295 --> 01:16:45,426
and the stakes are high."
1416
01:16:45,557 --> 01:16:47,515
And I'm telling him:
1417
01:16:47,646 --> 01:16:50,606
"We can't rush to a summit not
knowing what's gonna happen."
1418
01:16:53,304 --> 01:16:55,132
MILLER: {\an8}
He was Churchill,
1419
01:16:55,262 --> 01:16:59,440
and he told me years afterwards
that that's how he saw himself.
1420
01:16:59,527 --> 01:17:00,833
So he pivots.
1421
01:17:02,400 --> 01:17:04,837
But he pivots without thinking,
1422
01:17:04,968 --> 01:17:08,058
and he creates a world
unto himself.
1423
01:17:10,756 --> 01:17:13,150
MALLEY: {\an8}
Now Barak puts more pressure
on the president.
1424
01:17:13,280 --> 01:17:14,760
{\an8}He said to Clinton:
1425
01:17:14,847 --> 01:17:16,632
"I'm promising you
I'm gonna go further
1426
01:17:16,719 --> 01:17:19,025
than any Israeli prime minister
has dreamt of going,
1427
01:17:19,156 --> 01:17:20,592
but I need your help.
1428
01:17:20,723 --> 01:17:23,943
You have six months left
in your presidency.
1429
01:17:24,030 --> 01:17:26,685
{\an8}I'm prepared to go extremely
far, but in order to go far,
1430
01:17:26,816 --> 01:17:29,383
{\an8}I need the summit in which
it will be me and Arafat,
1431
01:17:29,470 --> 01:17:31,821
{\an8}and we can present everything
he'll get if he agrees
1432
01:17:31,951 --> 01:17:33,953
{\an8}and everything he'll lose
if he disagrees.
1433
01:17:34,040 --> 01:17:35,955
{\an8}If you don't do that,
the result is
1434
01:17:36,086 --> 01:17:38,175
{\an8}gonna be the collapse
of the process."
1435
01:17:38,305 --> 01:17:42,135
[♪]
1436
01:17:42,222 --> 01:17:44,572
MILLER: {\an8}
The president himself,
at the end,
1437
01:17:44,703 --> 01:17:49,186
{\an8}had great uncertainty
about the summit.
1438
01:17:49,273 --> 01:17:51,928
{\an8}We came to his office,
and he went around the room,
1439
01:17:52,058 --> 01:17:54,191
{\an8}and asked people,
"Should I go? Should I go?"
1440
01:17:54,278 --> 01:17:56,497
{\an8}Everybody more or less said
the same thing:
1441
01:17:56,584 --> 01:17:59,413
{\an8}"Yes, you must go,
Mr. President."
1442
01:17:59,544 --> 01:18:03,113
{\an8}When he came to me,
I had a decision to make.
1443
01:18:03,200 --> 01:18:06,290
I could have said
what I should have said:
1444
01:18:06,420 --> 01:18:09,772
"Mr. President,
you will not reach an agreement.
1445
01:18:09,859 --> 01:18:12,470
They're not ready,
and you're not ready."
1446
01:18:12,600 --> 01:18:14,124
But I chose not to.
1447
01:18:16,430 --> 01:18:18,128
I took the weak way out.
1448
01:18:19,695 --> 01:18:20,913
And I regret that.
1449
01:18:23,437 --> 01:18:25,222
ROSS: {\an8}
We're meeting him
in his office there,
1450
01:18:25,309 --> 01:18:27,746
{\an8}and he's waxing
a little bit nostalgic,
1451
01:18:27,877 --> 01:18:31,271
{\an8}because the end is coming
for him as president.
1452
01:18:31,402 --> 01:18:34,274
{\an8}At this moment, he suddenly
is sort of hesitant.
1453
01:18:36,320 --> 01:18:39,105
{\an8}And at that moment,
Sandy, Madeleine,
1454
01:18:39,236 --> 01:18:41,847
{\an8}and I all make the case to go,
1455
01:18:41,978 --> 01:18:45,503
and not to be afraid
to take the risk.
1456
01:18:45,633 --> 01:18:48,201
If we don't, we'll never know
if a deal was possible.
1457
01:18:52,162 --> 01:18:53,946
Good morning.
1458
01:18:54,077 --> 01:18:56,949
After lengthy discussion
with the two leaders,
1459
01:18:57,080 --> 01:18:59,735
and after listening
to Secretary Albright's report,
1460
01:18:59,865 --> 01:19:02,476
I have concluded
that this is the best way,
1461
01:19:02,607 --> 01:19:05,697
it is the only way,
to move forward.
1462
01:19:05,784 --> 01:19:08,308
Movement now depends
on historic decisions
1463
01:19:08,439 --> 01:19:11,181
that only the two leaders
can make.
1464
01:19:11,311 --> 01:19:14,488
To delay this gathering,
to remain stalled,
1465
01:19:14,619 --> 01:19:16,316
is simply no longer an option.
1466
01:19:18,231 --> 01:19:20,973
[♪]
1467
01:19:26,979 --> 01:19:29,329
HELAL: {\an8}
We literally dragged Arafat
into Camp David.
1468
01:19:29,460 --> 01:19:31,505
{\an8}He did not want to go.
1469
01:19:31,592 --> 01:19:33,812
{\an8}I think he was convinced
1470
01:19:33,943 --> 01:19:36,510
{\an8}that we are dragging him
to Camp David
1471
01:19:36,597 --> 01:19:38,208
{\an8}in order to squeeze him,
1472
01:19:38,295 --> 01:19:39,949
and there is something going on
1473
01:19:40,036 --> 01:19:41,820
between the Israelis
and the Americans,
1474
01:19:41,951 --> 01:19:44,170
{\an8}and somehow, he will be
trapped at Camp David.
1475
01:19:59,620 --> 01:20:02,841
ROSS: {\an8}
I had this conversation with
Clinton before Arafat comes.
1476
01:20:02,972 --> 01:20:05,670
I said, "He's coming here.
He's full of suspicions.
1477
01:20:05,757 --> 01:20:08,151
He feels it's a gang-up.
1478
01:20:08,281 --> 01:20:11,589
{\an8}So your whole point here
is to lift him up.
1479
01:20:11,676 --> 01:20:14,940
{\an8}Play on who he is.
Play on his aspirations.
1480
01:20:15,071 --> 01:20:18,161
Play on how much
you want to be there
1481
01:20:18,291 --> 01:20:21,164
when the Palestinian flag
is raised above a state.
1482
01:20:21,251 --> 01:20:22,861
Play upon that,
1483
01:20:22,948 --> 01:20:25,081
and don't get into
any of the substance."
1484
01:20:37,006 --> 01:20:39,835
{\an8}We needed to control,
in a sense,
1485
01:20:39,965 --> 01:20:42,707
{\an8}how the summit
was going to unfold.
1486
01:20:42,838 --> 01:20:46,450
I wanted the president, in day
one, to meet with the two,
1487
01:20:46,580 --> 01:20:50,846
{\an8}to outline to Barak and Arafat
what were gonna be
1488
01:20:50,976 --> 01:20:53,022
{\an8}the parameters
of all the issues,
1489
01:20:53,152 --> 01:20:53,849
{\an8}except Jerusalem.
1490
01:20:57,287 --> 01:21:00,246
{\an8}But when the president meets
Barak, Barak says, no.
1491
01:21:02,466 --> 01:21:05,077
{\an8}He doesn't wanna agree
to the parameters we lay out.
1492
01:21:05,208 --> 01:21:07,819
{\an8}He doesn't wanna proceed
the way we proceed.
1493
01:21:07,950 --> 01:21:09,299
{\an8}The president comes out
and says:
1494
01:21:09,429 --> 01:21:10,604
{\an8}"Barak doesn't wanna do it."
1495
01:21:14,086 --> 01:21:15,696
Barak said, he felt that
1496
01:21:15,827 --> 01:21:18,308
this was a betrayal
of the No Surprise Rule.
1497
01:21:18,395 --> 01:21:20,266
We should not put something
on the table
1498
01:21:20,353 --> 01:21:22,312
{\an8}that was not discussed
with Israelis first.
1499
01:21:22,442 --> 01:21:24,270
{\an8}And so he told us
he thought it was
1500
01:21:24,401 --> 01:21:28,318
{\an8}gonna destroy the trust
between our delegations.
1501
01:21:28,448 --> 01:21:30,929
INDYK: {\an8}
From that point on,
anything we put on the table
1502
01:21:31,060 --> 01:21:34,150
was coordinated with Barak,
and seen by the Palestinians
1503
01:21:34,237 --> 01:21:37,893
as a fulfillment
of Arafat's worst fears,
1504
01:21:38,023 --> 01:21:40,373
that Barak and Clinton
were ganging up
1505
01:21:40,460 --> 01:21:42,332
{\an8}to impose a deal on him.
1506
01:21:42,462 --> 01:21:44,769
CLINTON: {\an8}
We are determined
to do our best.
1507
01:21:44,900 --> 01:21:46,466
MILLER: {\an8}
Look, let's be clear.
1508
01:21:46,553 --> 01:21:48,729
{\an8}And I'll put this
right on the table.
1509
01:21:48,860 --> 01:21:51,819
If an honest broker means
that here are the two sides,
1510
01:21:51,950 --> 01:21:54,039
my left hand and my right hand,
1511
01:21:54,170 --> 01:21:56,085
and an honest broker
essentially means
1512
01:21:56,172 --> 01:21:57,913
you adopt positions
in the middle,
1513
01:21:58,043 --> 01:22:00,437
that's not the United States.
1514
01:22:00,567 --> 01:22:02,265
We have rarely played that role.
1515
01:22:02,395 --> 01:22:04,528
[♪]
1516
01:22:04,658 --> 01:22:07,879
KURTZER: {\an8}
In fact, the Americans'
negotiating philosophy has been
1517
01:22:08,010 --> 01:22:11,100
{\an8}the United States coordinates
positions with Israel,
1518
01:22:11,230 --> 01:22:14,146
finds out how far Israel can go,
1519
01:22:14,277 --> 01:22:18,150
and then tries to market that
outcome to the Palestinians.
1520
01:22:18,281 --> 01:22:20,892
{\an8}Now, if you're a Palestinian,
1521
01:22:20,979 --> 01:22:22,807
{\an8}you have to ask yourself,
"Why do I want
1522
01:22:22,938 --> 01:22:24,374
{\an8}the United States
in the room?"
1523
01:22:24,504 --> 01:22:26,767
Since all the United States
is doing is,
1524
01:22:26,898 --> 01:22:29,857
in Aaron Miller's words,
"acting as Israel's lawyer."
1525
01:22:29,988 --> 01:22:32,817
I know a lawyer when I see one.
1526
01:22:32,948 --> 01:22:36,995
And too many people
in the Clinton administration,
1527
01:22:37,126 --> 01:22:40,956
myself included,
functioned far too frequently
1528
01:22:41,086 --> 01:22:44,481
{\an8}as Israel's lawyer
during these negotiations.
1529
01:22:44,568 --> 01:22:47,919
{\an8}Did we have a Palestinian
lawyer on our team?
1530
01:22:49,486 --> 01:22:50,791
[CRICKETS CHIRPING]
1531
01:22:53,925 --> 01:22:55,927
{\an8}[PEOPLE CHATTERING
INDISTINCTLY]
1532
01:23:02,107 --> 01:23:05,154
The idea of Camp David
that Barak put to us was,
1533
01:23:05,284 --> 01:23:06,546
we need a leader summit.
1534
01:23:06,677 --> 01:23:08,374
{\an8}We get to Camp David,
1535
01:23:08,505 --> 01:23:10,550
{\an8}and Barak doesn't
wanna deal with Arafat.
1536
01:23:12,639 --> 01:23:14,467
President Clinton
wants to broker a meeting
1537
01:23:14,598 --> 01:23:16,121
between the two leaders.
1538
01:23:16,252 --> 01:23:18,210
Barak doesn't wanna meet.
They have dinner.
1539
01:23:18,341 --> 01:23:20,778
{\an8}Barak spends time
not talking to Arafat.
1540
01:23:23,172 --> 01:23:26,305
So the whole logic,
again, became contradictory.
1541
01:23:26,436 --> 01:23:29,613
Why do you even need the summit
if they weren't gonna speak?
1542
01:23:34,835 --> 01:23:38,187
ROSS: {\an8}
After the first days, I feel
like we're in deep trouble.
1543
01:23:38,317 --> 01:23:41,190
I have a sinking feeling
in my stomach
1544
01:23:41,320 --> 01:23:46,108
that this thing now
is entirely on the wrong track.
1545
01:23:46,238 --> 01:23:49,546
{\an8}I would occasionally
call Debbie, my wife.
1546
01:23:49,633 --> 01:23:52,766
{\an8}She'd say, "How's it going?"
And I'll say, "Badly."
1547
01:23:52,897 --> 01:23:55,465
{\an8}I said, "Everything I'm trying,
1548
01:23:55,595 --> 01:23:58,163
{\an8}doesn't matter what
I come up with, it's failing."
1549
01:23:58,294 --> 01:24:01,123
ROSS: {\an8}
There are differences that
still have to be overcome.
1550
01:24:01,253 --> 01:24:02,994
{\an8}We're still looking for ways
to try to do that.
1551
01:24:05,823 --> 01:24:08,782
MILLER: {\an8}
And here we were
in an undisciplined summit,
1552
01:24:08,913 --> 01:24:10,871
{\an8}with terrific food,
1553
01:24:11,002 --> 01:24:12,569
{\an8}a lot of activities,
1554
01:24:12,699 --> 01:24:16,268
{\an8}movies, golf carts,
1555
01:24:16,355 --> 01:24:18,096
{\an8}which the Israelis
and Palestinians
1556
01:24:18,227 --> 01:24:21,447
{\an8}love driving
at excessive speeds.
1557
01:24:21,578 --> 01:24:24,581
{\an8}I remember one senior
American official saying to me,
1558
01:24:24,668 --> 01:24:26,757
{\an8}Camp David was about
getting up every morning
1559
01:24:26,887 --> 01:24:29,629
{\an8}and asking ourselves,
"What do we do today?"
1560
01:24:31,805 --> 01:24:34,721
"What do we do today?"
1561
01:24:34,808 --> 01:24:36,897
At a presidential summit?
1562
01:24:37,028 --> 01:24:39,726
Only the second
in the modern history
1563
01:24:39,813 --> 01:24:41,206
of the Arab-Israeli conflict,
1564
01:24:41,337 --> 01:24:44,296
where a president
gathers the leaders
1565
01:24:44,427 --> 01:24:46,646
to try to reach an agreement?
1566
01:24:46,733 --> 01:24:50,128
[THUNDER RUMBLING]
1567
01:24:50,259 --> 01:24:53,088
{\an8}[RAIN PATTERING]
1568
01:24:53,218 --> 01:24:56,003
ROSS: {\an8}
The first seven days,
1569
01:24:56,091 --> 01:24:57,918
{\an8}Barak resists everything.
1570
01:24:58,005 --> 01:24:59,616
{\an8}And it's only at the point
1571
01:24:59,746 --> 01:25:01,748
{\an8}the president
becomes fed up with him,
1572
01:25:01,835 --> 01:25:04,447
{\an8}where the president says,
"It's gonna break my heart.
1573
01:25:04,577 --> 01:25:06,405
{\an8}I've drafted a speech
to say we've failed,
1574
01:25:06,536 --> 01:25:08,059
{\an8}and I'm prepared
to go give it."
1575
01:25:09,539 --> 01:25:11,323
{\an8}Only when Barak understands
1576
01:25:11,454 --> 01:25:13,151
{\an8}the president
is prepared to walk away
1577
01:25:13,238 --> 01:25:15,632
does he finally give us
the serious set of moves
1578
01:25:15,719 --> 01:25:18,243
on all the issues.
1579
01:25:18,374 --> 01:25:21,942
The very logic.
In a sense, I said to everybody,
1580
01:25:22,029 --> 01:25:24,075
"Get everybody
in the pressure cooker."
1581
01:25:24,206 --> 01:25:26,208
And it worked.
It worked on him, not Arafat.
1582
01:25:27,948 --> 01:25:29,820
{\an8}Now Barak finally said,
1583
01:25:29,950 --> 01:25:32,649
{\an8}here's what he was prepared
to offer on borders,
1584
01:25:32,779 --> 01:25:34,999
{\an8}and what he was prepared
to offer on Jerusalem, as well.
1585
01:25:36,653 --> 01:25:38,698
{\an8}He's prepared, in Jerusalem,
1586
01:25:38,829 --> 01:25:40,918
{\an8}for all the outer neighborhoods
1587
01:25:41,048 --> 01:25:42,833
{\an8}to have Palestinian
sovereignty,
1588
01:25:42,963 --> 01:25:45,183
{\an8}and he's prepared
1589
01:25:45,314 --> 01:25:47,577
{\an8}to allow the Christian
and Muslim Quarters
1590
01:25:47,707 --> 01:25:49,535
{\an8}of the Old City
to be Palestinian.
1591
01:25:52,103 --> 01:25:54,627
INDYK: {\an8}
You have to understand
that the issue of Jerusalem
1592
01:25:54,758 --> 01:25:58,109
{\an8}was never negotiated
before Camp David.
1593
01:25:58,240 --> 01:26:02,157
So when he came to Clinton
with this offer
1594
01:26:02,244 --> 01:26:04,768
that the Arab suburbs
of Jerusalem
1595
01:26:04,898 --> 01:26:06,900
would be under
Palestinian sovereignty,
1596
01:26:07,031 --> 01:26:09,512
this was very impressive.
1597
01:26:09,642 --> 01:26:11,296
And so we grabbed it,
1598
01:26:11,427 --> 01:26:13,646
and Clinton proposed it
to Arafat.
1599
01:26:16,475 --> 01:26:18,260
ROSS: {\an8}
When Clinton finally does it,
1600
01:26:18,347 --> 01:26:20,566
{\an8}I'm listening
through the crack in the door,
1601
01:26:20,653 --> 01:26:22,786
{\an8}and the president
does it brilliantly.
1602
01:26:22,916 --> 01:26:26,398
He goes through
how hard it was to produce this.
1603
01:26:26,529 --> 01:26:28,531
This is what's possible.
1604
01:26:28,661 --> 01:26:30,446
He's gonna have a state.
1605
01:26:30,576 --> 01:26:33,797
{\an8}He's gonna have a capital
in a part of Jerusalem.
1606
01:26:33,927 --> 01:26:35,407
{\an8}He's gonna have sovereignty
1607
01:26:35,538 --> 01:26:36,495
{\an8}in the Muslim
and Christian Quarters.
1608
01:26:36,582 --> 01:26:37,714
{\an8}He goes through it all.
1609
01:26:39,672 --> 01:26:41,065
{\an8}He says to him:
1610
01:26:41,196 --> 01:26:43,023
{\an8}"In the past,
1611
01:26:43,110 --> 01:26:45,548
{\an8}Palestinians didn't control
their own destiny.
1612
01:26:45,635 --> 01:26:48,551
{\an8}And each time after
you weren't able to say yes,
1613
01:26:48,681 --> 01:26:49,247
{\an8}you were worse off.
1614
01:26:50,944 --> 01:26:52,685
{\an8}This time, if you say no,
1615
01:26:52,816 --> 01:26:54,948
{\an8}when people look back
and they regret it,
1616
01:26:55,079 --> 01:26:56,907
{\an8}they'll have nobody to blame.
1617
01:26:57,037 --> 01:26:59,126
{\an8}It'll be you.
This was your chance.
1618
01:26:59,257 --> 01:27:01,346
{\an8}Don't let the next generation
blame you
1619
01:27:01,433 --> 01:27:02,782
{\an8}for missing the opportunity."
1620
01:27:05,263 --> 01:27:07,265
{\an8}And Arafat says
he has to think about it.
1621
01:27:07,352 --> 01:27:09,354
{\an8}He has questions.
He has to think about it.
1622
01:27:09,485 --> 01:27:11,051
{\an8}He goes off.
1623
01:27:11,182 --> 01:27:13,053
Afterwards,
the president's feeling good.
1624
01:27:13,184 --> 01:27:15,665
He feels like he did it well.
He feels like--
1625
01:27:15,795 --> 01:27:19,321
The way he reads Arafat,
he feels like Arafat was...
1626
01:27:19,408 --> 01:27:21,061
You know,
he felt like he had him.
1627
01:27:23,412 --> 01:27:25,240
{\an8}So it's like 1 in the morning.
1628
01:27:25,370 --> 01:27:26,806
{\an8}I go to sleep,
and I fall asleep.
1629
01:27:31,202 --> 01:27:33,465
The next thing I know,
it's the morning.
1630
01:27:33,596 --> 01:27:36,903
Uh, I'm told that
they came back during the night,
1631
01:27:37,034 --> 01:27:39,210
and Sandy has, you know,
basically said,
1632
01:27:39,341 --> 01:27:41,734
"Look,
it's take it or leave it."
1633
01:27:41,865 --> 01:27:43,388
Uh...
1634
01:27:43,519 --> 01:27:44,998
And so they say no.
1635
01:27:45,129 --> 01:27:47,827
[♪]
1636
01:28:07,282 --> 01:28:08,544
{\an8}I felt sick.
1637
01:28:11,068 --> 01:28:13,505
I felt physically sick.
1638
01:28:15,942 --> 01:28:17,727
{\an8}I felt in my stomach
1639
01:28:17,857 --> 01:28:21,644
{\an8}that this was a high-stakes
venture that had failed,
1640
01:28:21,774 --> 01:28:24,124
{\an8}and that I bore responsibility,
1641
01:28:24,255 --> 01:28:28,128
{\an8}because, in the end,
I pushed for it.
1642
01:28:28,215 --> 01:28:29,391
MOREH:
You didn't push for it.
1643
01:28:29,521 --> 01:28:31,218
But I did in the end. But I did.
1644
01:28:31,306 --> 01:28:33,177
I did in the end. I knew better.
1645
01:28:33,308 --> 01:28:35,484
I should have known also that
1646
01:28:35,614 --> 01:28:37,703
this wasn't the only time
we could hold a summit.
1647
01:28:37,834 --> 01:28:39,401
{\an8}I should have known that.
1648
01:28:45,407 --> 01:28:48,540
INDYK: {\an8}
Arafat said no.
We couldn't understand it.
1649
01:28:48,671 --> 01:28:50,499
How could he reject
such an offer?
1650
01:28:50,629 --> 01:28:53,197
He could never have hoped
to get such an offer.
1651
01:28:53,284 --> 01:28:54,938
But we didn't understand
at the time--
1652
01:28:55,068 --> 01:28:56,548
It's obvious in retrospect.
1653
01:28:56,679 --> 01:28:58,550
But at the time,
what we didn't understand was
1654
01:28:58,681 --> 01:29:00,770
this was
an end-of-conflict deal.
1655
01:29:00,900 --> 01:29:02,249
This was it.
1656
01:29:02,380 --> 01:29:04,687
There was no chance
to revise it,
1657
01:29:04,817 --> 01:29:06,515
get a better deal later.
1658
01:29:06,645 --> 01:29:09,518
Barak was insisting
this was it, end of claims.
1659
01:29:09,648 --> 01:29:13,696
And the proposal
would have left Israel
1660
01:29:13,826 --> 01:29:16,002
with sovereignty
on the Temple Mount,
1661
01:29:16,133 --> 01:29:17,787
{\an8}Haram al-Sharif,
1662
01:29:17,874 --> 01:29:21,530
{\an8}with the Al Aqsa Mosque
in Israel's hands.
1663
01:29:21,660 --> 01:29:24,054
{\an8}This was exactly
what Arafat needed
1664
01:29:24,184 --> 01:29:26,230
{\an8}to be able to reject
the whole thing,
1665
01:29:26,361 --> 01:29:29,712
because no Arab leader,
as he told Clinton,
1666
01:29:29,842 --> 01:29:33,019
no Arab leader would accept
1667
01:29:33,106 --> 01:29:35,935
{\an8}that sovereignty over the
third-holiest mosque in Islam
1668
01:29:36,066 --> 01:29:38,938
{\an8}would be in Israel's hands.
1669
01:29:39,069 --> 01:29:40,984
Arafat thought
that if he would agree,
1670
01:29:41,114 --> 01:29:42,377
he would be killed.
1671
01:29:42,507 --> 01:29:44,727
And I remember
Barak saying that:
1672
01:29:44,857 --> 01:29:47,643
"So be it. I could be killed,
you could be killed.
1673
01:29:47,773 --> 01:29:50,297
Any leader who wants to change
the reality could be killed."
1674
01:29:53,083 --> 01:29:56,042
MILLER: {\an8}
We were the ones who were
supposed to present Arafat
1675
01:29:56,173 --> 01:29:59,742
{\an8}with a series of ultimata
and pressure him to accept it.
1676
01:29:59,872 --> 01:30:03,049
{\an8}That was Barak's whole logic,
to use us,
1677
01:30:03,136 --> 01:30:04,921
{\an8}and use the president's
credibility
1678
01:30:05,051 --> 01:30:06,836
{\an8}to pry out of Arafat
1679
01:30:06,966 --> 01:30:10,622
concessions in the cauldron
and the heat of the summit.
1680
01:30:10,753 --> 01:30:14,191
As if Arafat, with the burden
of Jerusalem on his shoulders,
1681
01:30:14,321 --> 01:30:16,715
was going to cave in
and collapse
1682
01:30:16,802 --> 01:30:18,804
in front of this mighty effort
1683
01:30:18,935 --> 01:30:20,937
on the part
of President Clinton,
1684
01:30:21,024 --> 01:30:25,028
when you had a billion Muslims
in the world
1685
01:30:25,158 --> 01:30:28,988
who would have issued fatwas
for his death
1686
01:30:29,119 --> 01:30:32,818
had he compromised on any aspect
of the Jerusalem issue?
1687
01:30:32,905 --> 01:30:34,994
[PEOPLE CHATTERING INDISTINCTLY]
1688
01:30:41,392 --> 01:30:45,309
{\an8}Barak and Clinton,
each in their own way,
1689
01:30:45,440 --> 01:30:49,705
{\an8}wrongly believed
that the power of personality,
1690
01:30:49,835 --> 01:30:53,622
{\an8}and the power of persuasion,
and the power of manipulation
1691
01:30:53,752 --> 01:30:57,016
{\an8}could somehow transform
and change Arafat.
1692
01:30:59,845 --> 01:31:02,457
They wanted to ascend a mountain
1693
01:31:02,587 --> 01:31:06,896
by the very power of their
own personas, their own logic,
1694
01:31:07,026 --> 01:31:10,334
and what they believed to be,
wrongly again,
1695
01:31:10,421 --> 01:31:14,294
a moment for Clinton
and for Barak.
1696
01:31:14,425 --> 01:31:19,648
And that is why both of them
hold Arafat in such contempt,
1697
01:31:19,778 --> 01:31:26,176
fundamentally responsible
for not recognizing his moment.
1698
01:31:26,306 --> 01:31:27,569
{\an8}It was their moment,
1699
01:31:27,699 --> 01:31:31,181
{\an8}and yet
Arafat didn't understand
1700
01:31:31,311 --> 01:31:34,489
{\an8}that he was part of this plan
of great leadership.
1701
01:31:42,279 --> 01:31:44,063
{\an8}[CAMERA SHUTTERS CLICKING]
1702
01:31:57,076 --> 01:32:00,036
Trying and failing
is much better
1703
01:32:00,166 --> 01:32:01,864
than not having tried at all,
1704
01:32:01,994 --> 01:32:04,693
and I remember the president
saying that to us.
1705
01:32:04,823 --> 01:32:06,869
I was inspired by it.
1706
01:32:06,999 --> 01:32:11,264
But, you see, that's a slogan
for a college football team.
1707
01:32:11,395 --> 01:32:14,093
It's not a substitute
for a foreign policy
1708
01:32:14,224 --> 01:32:17,009
of the most consequential nation
on earth.
1709
01:32:17,140 --> 01:32:19,055
Failure costs.
1710
01:32:19,185 --> 01:32:20,535
I don't know. I mean,
1711
01:32:20,665 --> 01:32:23,102
I don't wanna be too hard
on the process.
1712
01:32:23,189 --> 01:32:25,235
I include myself in this.
1713
01:32:25,365 --> 01:32:29,369
I was as much a part of this
enterprise as anybody else,
1714
01:32:29,500 --> 01:32:31,546
in terms of wanting it
to succeed.
1715
01:32:31,676 --> 01:32:35,158
I just believe,
when I look back now,
1716
01:32:35,288 --> 01:32:38,509
we saw the world
the way we wanted it to be.
1717
01:32:38,640 --> 01:32:42,034
We did not see the world
the way it was.
1718
01:32:42,165 --> 01:32:44,080
[PEOPLE CLAMORING]
1719
01:32:44,210 --> 01:32:46,343
[♪]
1720
01:32:48,258 --> 01:32:50,216
[SIREN WAILING]
1721
01:32:55,874 --> 01:32:57,136
BARAK [IN HEBREW]:
1722
01:33:12,369 --> 01:33:15,067
{\an8}[SIREN WAILING]
1723
01:33:17,853 --> 01:33:21,160
That summit,
with the best of intentions,
1724
01:33:21,291 --> 01:33:23,206
and the best of purposes,
1725
01:33:23,293 --> 01:33:25,774
{\an8}laid the basis for a trauma
1726
01:33:25,904 --> 01:33:28,211
{\an8}in the Israeli-Palestinian
relationship
1727
01:33:28,341 --> 01:33:32,563
{\an8}from which that relationship
has not yet recovered.
1728
01:33:36,262 --> 01:33:38,221
It was a very hard time,
1729
01:33:38,351 --> 01:33:41,180
as everything we'd strived for
1730
01:33:41,311 --> 01:33:45,141
had just come apart, destroyed.
1731
01:33:45,271 --> 01:33:48,492
{\an8}All of our efforts
had gone up in flames.
1732
01:33:48,623 --> 01:33:52,148
{\an8}Instead of comprehensive peace,
we ended up with misery
1733
01:33:52,278 --> 01:33:54,890
{\an8}on both sides,
1734
01:33:55,020 --> 01:33:56,935
{\an8}and there was nothing
I could do about it.
1735
01:34:05,988 --> 01:34:09,469
ROSS: {\an8}
Two or three days before the
end of Clinton's presidency,
1736
01:34:09,600 --> 01:34:11,820
{\an8}Arafat calls
to say goodbye to him,
1737
01:34:11,950 --> 01:34:15,040
{\an8}and he tells him,
"You're a great man."
1738
01:34:15,171 --> 01:34:17,695
{\an8}And the president says,
"I'm not a great man.
1739
01:34:17,826 --> 01:34:19,175
{\an8}I'm a failure.
1740
01:34:19,305 --> 01:34:20,393
{\an8}And you made me a failure."
1741
01:34:26,051 --> 01:34:28,663
[♪]
1742
01:34:30,099 --> 01:34:31,666
[GUNFIRE]
1743
01:34:36,845 --> 01:34:40,675
MILLER: {\an8}
In March of '02, I was trying
to help negotiate a ceasefire
1744
01:34:40,805 --> 01:34:42,720
{\an8}between Israelis
and Palestinians.
1745
01:34:42,851 --> 01:34:45,767
{\an8}I went to see Arafat
at the Mukataa.
1746
01:34:45,897 --> 01:34:49,248
{\an8}The door was barricaded.
Mukataa was dark.
1747
01:34:49,379 --> 01:34:53,122
We made our way up to Arafat's
second-floor conference room.
1748
01:34:53,252 --> 01:34:56,952
{\an8}There in the conference room,
with the windows blacked out,
1749
01:34:57,082 --> 01:35:01,304
{\an8}candles on the table,
Arafat in full battle regalia,
1750
01:35:01,434 --> 01:35:06,526
with his machine pistol
sitting on top of the table.
1751
01:35:06,657 --> 01:35:09,312
And it was then I understood
1752
01:35:09,442 --> 01:35:13,403
{\an8}that the struggler was so much
a part of Arafat's identity
1753
01:35:13,533 --> 01:35:16,275
{\an8}that he was, in many respects,
in his element.
1754
01:35:21,019 --> 01:35:24,849
{\an8}The last time I saw him
was October of '04.
1755
01:35:24,980 --> 01:35:28,548
{\an8}Arafat had so fundamentally
changed in appearance
1756
01:35:28,635 --> 01:35:32,944
{\an8}that I didn't even realize
it was the same person.
1757
01:35:33,031 --> 01:35:35,773
{\an8}He had on a ski hat.
1758
01:35:35,860 --> 01:35:37,949
{\an8}He looked like a senior
1759
01:35:38,036 --> 01:35:41,605
{\an8}in a retirement community
in Florida.
1760
01:35:41,692 --> 01:35:43,346
And I thought to myself
1761
01:35:43,433 --> 01:35:46,566
how absurd this was,
the whole enterprise.
1762
01:35:46,697 --> 01:35:49,091
Within two weeks, he was dead.
1763
01:35:49,221 --> 01:35:50,745
[♪]
1764
01:35:56,402 --> 01:35:57,969
[INAUDIBLE DIALOGUE]
1765
01:36:02,539 --> 01:36:04,367
REPORTER 1: {\an8}
Bush ramped up talks
1766
01:36:04,497 --> 01:36:07,109
{\an8}with the Israeli and
Palestinian prime ministers.
1767
01:36:07,239 --> 01:36:08,850
REPORTER 2: {\an8}
...promised high-level talks...
1768
01:36:08,980 --> 01:36:10,939
REPORTER 3: {\an8}
It has been another bloody day
1769
01:36:11,026 --> 01:36:12,897
{\an8}for Israelis
and Palestinians...
1770
01:36:13,028 --> 01:36:16,074
REPORTER 4: {\an8}
...have gathered
in Annapolis, Maryland...
1771
01:36:16,205 --> 01:36:19,599
REPORTER 5: {\an8}
The goal, a peace agreement
by the end of next year.
1772
01:36:19,730 --> 01:36:21,645
{\an8}[REPORTERS CONTINUE
INDISTINCTLY]
1773
01:36:23,255 --> 01:36:26,302
{\an8}[WOMAN SOBS]
1774
01:36:26,389 --> 01:36:29,392
{\an8}[EXPLOSION]
1775
01:36:29,522 --> 01:36:31,829
REPORTER 6: {\an8}
...Israeli officer
just outside Jerusalem.
1776
01:36:31,960 --> 01:36:35,224
REPORTER 7: {\an8}
The attacks across the
Gaza Strip have left over...
1777
01:36:35,354 --> 01:36:37,835
REPORTER 8: {\an8}
...efforts to secure
Arab-Israeli peace...
1778
01:36:37,966 --> 01:36:40,011
REPORTER 9: {\an8}
Secretary of State John Kerry
1779
01:36:40,142 --> 01:36:42,448
{\an8}goes to Jerusalem today
to meet with Israeli...
1780
01:36:42,579 --> 01:36:45,408
REPORTER 10: {\an8}
This morning,
Israeli police shot and killed
1781
01:36:45,538 --> 01:36:48,411
{\an8}a Palestinian youngster after
he stabbed an Israeli officer,
1782
01:36:48,541 --> 01:36:51,022
{\an8}just outside Jerusalem...
1783
01:36:51,153 --> 01:36:53,198
REPORTER 11: {\an8}
President Obama
tried to revive
1784
01:36:53,329 --> 01:36:55,157
{\an8}Israeli-Palestinian
peace talks today...
1785
01:36:55,287 --> 01:36:57,637
[♪]
1786
01:37:16,178 --> 01:37:20,791
It's a history
of missed opportunities.
1787
01:37:20,922 --> 01:37:22,662
And the missed opportunities
were not just,
1788
01:37:22,793 --> 01:37:24,403
as Israelis love to believe,
1789
01:37:24,534 --> 01:37:26,362
it was just the Arabs
or the Palestinians
1790
01:37:26,492 --> 01:37:28,755
that missed the opportunities.
1791
01:37:28,886 --> 01:37:32,368
Israel and the United States
missed the opportunities too.
1792
01:37:32,498 --> 01:37:33,804
And it's a tragedy.
1793
01:37:33,891 --> 01:37:35,806
It's a terrible tragedy
1794
01:37:35,937 --> 01:37:38,417
that we couldn't get
the Syrian deal
1795
01:37:38,504 --> 01:37:40,724
and we couldn't get
the Palestinian deal.
1796
01:37:42,900 --> 01:37:44,467
MILLER: {\an8}
Looking back right now,
1797
01:37:44,597 --> 01:37:46,425
{\an8}if I could change one thing,
1798
01:37:46,556 --> 01:37:48,166
{\an8}I would take the word "peace,"
1799
01:37:48,297 --> 01:37:51,474
{\an8}and I would find
another word for it.
1800
01:37:51,604 --> 01:37:53,693
We've never had it
between Arabs and Israelis
1801
01:37:53,824 --> 01:37:56,392
in the sense
that you and I would understand.
1802
01:37:56,479 --> 01:37:57,872
We don't have it now.
1803
01:37:58,002 --> 01:38:00,875
And I would essentially
not use that word,
1804
01:38:01,005 --> 01:38:04,008
because it creates
false expectations,
1805
01:38:04,139 --> 01:38:08,012
and it creates
a level of aspiration
1806
01:38:08,143 --> 01:38:10,362
that we can't--
We can't achieve.
1807
01:38:16,455 --> 01:38:19,371
MALLEY: {\an8}
For decades, we've tried
so many ways on negotiations
1808
01:38:19,458 --> 01:38:21,417
{\an8}in so many different
iterations.
1809
01:38:21,504 --> 01:38:23,071
{\an8}It all failed.
1810
01:38:23,201 --> 01:38:25,160
{\an8}Even today,
there are a lot of people
1811
01:38:25,290 --> 01:38:27,902
who say all we need to do
is just keep the process alive,
1812
01:38:28,032 --> 01:38:30,992
because without a process,
just the process,
1813
01:38:31,122 --> 01:38:33,472
things will get worse,
things will collapse.
1814
01:38:33,603 --> 01:38:35,039
It's the bicycle metaphor.
1815
01:38:35,170 --> 01:38:36,998
The bicycle
needs to keep moving.
1816
01:38:37,128 --> 01:38:39,826
There's the other view,
which is,
1817
01:38:39,957 --> 01:38:43,482
if we simply
keep the process alive,
1818
01:38:43,613 --> 01:38:46,007
we are distorting
the perceptions of both sides,
1819
01:38:46,137 --> 01:38:47,965
we're enabling the status quo,
1820
01:38:48,052 --> 01:38:51,055
and, in fact, far from
pushing towards a decision,
1821
01:38:51,142 --> 01:38:53,492
we are facilitating
the perpetuation
1822
01:38:53,579 --> 01:38:55,581
of a status quo
we claim is unsustainable.
1823
01:38:55,668 --> 01:38:57,192
Because if we keep saying:
1824
01:38:57,322 --> 01:38:59,107
"Let's bring them together
and negotiate,"
1825
01:38:59,237 --> 01:39:00,847
and they don't reach a deal,
1826
01:39:00,978 --> 01:39:02,762
at some point,
this looks like a farce.
1827
01:39:02,893 --> 01:39:04,547
[CAMERA SHUTTERS CLICKING]
1828
01:39:07,071 --> 01:39:10,857
The United States
will encourage a peace,
1829
01:39:10,945 --> 01:39:13,730
and, really,
a great peace deal.
1830
01:39:13,860 --> 01:39:18,300
We'll be working on it
very, very diligently.
1831
01:39:18,430 --> 01:39:20,998
Bibi and I have known each other
a long time,
1832
01:39:21,129 --> 01:39:23,783
a smart man, great negotiator,
1833
01:39:23,870 --> 01:39:25,524
and I think
we're gonna make a deal.
1834
01:39:25,655 --> 01:39:27,048
Might be a bigger
and better deal
1835
01:39:27,178 --> 01:39:29,354
than people in this room
even understand.
1836
01:39:29,485 --> 01:39:32,140
That's a possibility.
So let's see what we do.
1837
01:39:34,142 --> 01:39:34,838
Let's try.
1838
01:39:36,709 --> 01:39:38,494
Doesn't sound
too optimistic, but...
1839
01:39:38,624 --> 01:39:41,932
[CROWD LAUGHS]
1840
01:39:42,019 --> 01:39:44,239
MOREH:
Dennis, the Middle East
1841
01:39:44,326 --> 01:39:46,719
is in the middle
of profound transformation.
1842
01:39:46,806 --> 01:39:49,200
There are many in Israel
relieved you never succeeded
1843
01:39:49,287 --> 01:39:51,159
with the Palestinian
and the Syrian.
1844
01:39:51,289 --> 01:39:53,030
I know they say that.
1845
01:39:53,117 --> 01:39:54,858
Israel would have handed over
the Golan Heights,
1846
01:39:54,945 --> 01:39:56,991
leaving itself
directly exposed to attacks
1847
01:39:57,121 --> 01:40:00,037
from Assad's friends,
Iran and Hezbollah.
1848
01:40:00,168 --> 01:40:03,388
The whole Middle East might've
been different if you had peace.
1849
01:40:03,519 --> 01:40:07,175
You know, it's like the track,
the possibility not taken,
1850
01:40:07,305 --> 01:40:09,220
you don't know
all the other things
1851
01:40:09,351 --> 01:40:11,048
that would've taken place
at the same time.
1852
01:40:11,179 --> 01:40:14,225
People today say,
"Oh, how lucky we were
1853
01:40:14,312 --> 01:40:16,532
that the deal wasn't made."
1854
01:40:16,619 --> 01:40:19,578
But what they miss is that it
would have changed everything.
1855
01:40:21,102 --> 01:40:23,452
MOREH:
What do you mean?
1856
01:40:23,539 --> 01:40:27,195
Because I believe we would have
gotten a comprehensive peace,
1857
01:40:27,325 --> 01:40:30,067
with the Palestinians,
Syrians, and Lebanese.
1858
01:40:30,198 --> 01:40:33,592
Do you think the fate of Syria
would have been different?
1859
01:40:33,723 --> 01:40:34,985
If Syria--You cannot tell me--
1860
01:40:35,116 --> 01:40:38,945
If Syria had made
a peace deal with Israel,
1861
01:40:39,076 --> 01:40:40,947
circumstances would've been different.
1862
01:40:41,078 --> 01:40:43,167
The future of the Middle East
would have been different.
1863
01:40:43,254 --> 01:40:45,343
I can't tell you exactly how,
1864
01:40:45,430 --> 01:40:48,825
but it would be dramatically
different to the way it is now.
1865
01:40:48,912 --> 01:40:50,609
[♪]
1866
01:40:54,874 --> 01:40:58,878
HELAL: {\an8}
It's a mistake to assume all
sides are eager to have peace.
1867
01:40:58,965 --> 01:41:02,404
It's always easy
to have an enemy out there.
1868
01:41:02,534 --> 01:41:05,102
Peace is hard work,
1869
01:41:05,233 --> 01:41:07,626
and changing minds,
changing hearts,
1870
01:41:07,757 --> 01:41:09,498
accepting the other side.
1871
01:41:09,585 --> 01:41:12,022
You really have to look
at tomorrow
1872
01:41:12,153 --> 01:41:14,546
and what you're gonna do
about tomorrow.
1873
01:41:14,633 --> 01:41:17,375
A lot of parties
feel comfort in the past.
1874
01:41:22,685 --> 01:41:26,776
{\an8}As a matter of fact, today,
I cannot think of a way
1875
01:41:26,906 --> 01:41:31,215
{\an8}to really settle
the Palestinian-Israeli issue.
1876
01:41:31,346 --> 01:41:34,131
Is the idea of two-state
solution still possible?
1877
01:41:34,218 --> 01:41:36,307
I doubt it.
I really don't think it's there.
1878
01:41:38,744 --> 01:41:42,270
{\an8}When you look at the animosity
and the hatred that exists,
1879
01:41:42,400 --> 01:41:44,489
{\an8}the human side
is completely out.
1880
01:41:46,709 --> 01:41:49,799
{\an8}People just love
to demonize the other side.
1881
01:41:49,886 --> 01:41:52,541
{\an8}All their ills
is because of the other side.
1882
01:41:52,671 --> 01:41:55,805
{\an8}All their problems,
because of the other side.
1883
01:41:55,935 --> 01:41:57,676
{\an8}And unfortunately, today,
1884
01:41:57,807 --> 01:41:59,461
the leaders are basically
1885
01:41:59,591 --> 01:42:01,811
a reflection
of their own societies.
1886
01:42:01,941 --> 01:42:07,469
And unless you are planning
on accepting the other side,
1887
01:42:07,599 --> 01:42:10,776
there is zero hope
for a solution.
1888
01:42:21,265 --> 01:42:23,789
[♪]
1889
01:43:15,058 --> 01:43:17,756
[♪]
1890
01:44:52,634 --> 01:44:54,244
[♪]
1891
01:45:23,795 --> 01:45:26,624
[♪]