1 00:00:08,834 --> 00:00:12,838 Now America's War on Drugs enters its third decade. 2 00:00:12,882 --> 00:00:16,233 He was owned, lock, stock, and barrel, by drug dealers. 3 00:00:16,277 --> 00:00:18,540 Do you know who is supporting the enemy? 4 00:00:18,583 --> 00:00:20,846 The casual drug user. 5 00:00:20,890 --> 00:00:23,632 The militarization begins in Los Angeles. 6 00:00:23,675 --> 00:00:25,677 Jury deliberations continued today 7 00:00:25,721 --> 00:00:28,158 in the trial of four Los Angeles police officers. 8 00:00:28,202 --> 00:00:31,031 De la Cruz: Daryl Gates created this approach, 9 00:00:31,074 --> 00:00:33,163 and that's what started the riot. 10 00:00:33,207 --> 00:00:36,079 Mother's little helper, the little pill that was meant 11 00:00:36,123 --> 00:00:39,300 to make the lives of American housewives tolerable. 12 00:00:39,343 --> 00:00:40,910 -Does it look good? -Yeah. 13 00:00:40,953 --> 00:00:42,955 We'd been partying like a week straight, 14 00:00:42,999 --> 00:00:44,566 Got FBI. I got DEA. 15 00:00:44,609 --> 00:00:47,047 I said, "Where's AC/DC at?" 16 00:00:47,090 --> 00:00:48,657 When Kurt Cobain dies, 17 00:00:48,700 --> 00:00:50,659 Bill Clinton even calls it a culture of death. 18 00:00:50,702 --> 00:00:52,182 I experimented with marijuana a time or two, 19 00:00:52,226 --> 00:00:54,141 and I didn't like it. 20 00:00:54,184 --> 00:00:56,665 St. - The perfect answer became, "I didn't inhale." 21 00:00:56,708 --> 00:00:59,885 De la Cruz: Drugs is big money, and NAFTA was big money. 22 00:01:01,931 --> 00:01:04,455 It's not only that more people are going to prison, 23 00:01:04,499 --> 00:01:07,067 but it's that people are staying for longer. 24 00:01:07,110 --> 00:01:10,157 Our great challenge is to take our streets back. 25 00:01:10,200 --> 00:01:12,681 Let us stick with the strategy that's working 26 00:01:12,724 --> 00:01:14,857 and keep the crime rate coming down. 27 00:01:29,524 --> 00:01:32,483 I was in prison when the Berlin Wall fell, 28 00:01:32,527 --> 00:01:35,791 and I remember watching TV every day. 29 00:01:37,967 --> 00:01:39,316 The Cold War was ending, 30 00:01:39,360 --> 00:01:41,840 and there was tremendous pressure on Bush 31 00:01:41,884 --> 00:01:45,453 to try to do something about the drug menace. 32 00:01:45,496 --> 00:01:49,152 It's been 18 years since the War on Drugs was declared. 33 00:01:49,196 --> 00:01:52,155 Newly elected president George H.W. Bush 34 00:01:52,199 --> 00:01:54,375 has been in office seven months 35 00:01:54,418 --> 00:01:59,162 when he addresses the nation live on TV. 36 00:01:59,206 --> 00:02:01,817 This is crack cocaine. 37 00:02:01,860 --> 00:02:04,254 It's as innocent-looking as candy. 38 00:02:04,298 --> 00:02:06,735 But it's turning our cities into battle zones. 39 00:02:24,535 --> 00:02:27,408 Bush has ordered the invasion of Panama. 40 00:02:27,451 --> 00:02:30,541 It's the first war of the War on Drugs. 41 00:02:33,631 --> 00:02:37,200 When the U.S. invaded Panama under George Bush's direction, 42 00:02:37,244 --> 00:02:42,466 it was unprecedented, because, for the first time, 43 00:02:42,510 --> 00:02:45,426 the United States military was being called upon 44 00:02:45,469 --> 00:02:49,299 to invade a country to topple one man. 45 00:02:56,480 --> 00:02:58,395 Outside the presidential estate 46 00:02:58,439 --> 00:03:00,745 is Panama's leader... 47 00:03:00,789 --> 00:03:02,965 ...Manuel Noriega. 48 00:03:03,008 --> 00:03:04,532 He has turned his country 49 00:03:04,575 --> 00:03:07,099 into a center of the international drug trade. 50 00:03:07,143 --> 00:03:08,753 Panama was this meeting ground. 51 00:03:08,797 --> 00:03:10,233 If you pay the right price 52 00:03:10,277 --> 00:03:11,495 to the right person, 53 00:03:11,539 --> 00:03:13,454 pretty much anything can happen. 54 00:03:13,497 --> 00:03:15,934 Noriega owes much of his wealth to doing business 55 00:03:15,978 --> 00:03:18,502 with some of the biggest drug lords in the world, 56 00:03:18,546 --> 00:03:21,026 including Pablo Escobar. 57 00:03:21,070 --> 00:03:23,246 He was completely corrupt. 58 00:03:23,290 --> 00:03:28,208 Owned lock, stock, and barrel by drug dealers. 59 00:03:28,251 --> 00:03:30,601 When you got the top guy in your pocket, 60 00:03:30,645 --> 00:03:32,473 the country is yours. 61 00:03:40,437 --> 00:03:42,526 The U.S. had been intervening 62 00:03:42,570 --> 00:03:44,136 in Central America for decades. 63 00:03:44,180 --> 00:03:47,488 But what was perhaps new and different 64 00:03:47,531 --> 00:03:49,054 about the Panama Invasion 65 00:03:49,098 --> 00:03:52,232 was the -- the role of drugs 66 00:03:52,275 --> 00:03:54,321 in its justification. 67 00:03:59,674 --> 00:04:02,720 American troops quickly subdue Noriega's army. 68 00:04:02,764 --> 00:04:05,245 But when they kick in the door of his lavish home, 69 00:04:05,288 --> 00:04:07,334 they're surprised by what they find. 70 00:04:12,687 --> 00:04:15,167 A lot of red women's underwear, 71 00:04:15,211 --> 00:04:18,301 cocaine, machetes for Satanic rituals. 72 00:04:18,345 --> 00:04:22,218 The U.S. intelligence community had had some inkling 73 00:04:22,262 --> 00:04:24,742 he'd become more sort of in his own, little, weird world. 74 00:04:24,786 --> 00:04:26,309 I don't know if they realized 75 00:04:26,353 --> 00:04:29,269 how far off the rails he had gone. 76 00:04:29,312 --> 00:04:31,575 President Bush offers a million-dollar reward 77 00:04:31,619 --> 00:04:33,490 for Noriega's capture, 78 00:04:33,534 --> 00:04:36,711 and 24,000 troops fan out across the country 79 00:04:36,754 --> 00:04:40,062 in the largest manhunt in American history. 80 00:04:40,105 --> 00:04:42,456 His picture will be in every post office in town. 81 00:04:42,499 --> 00:04:44,501 That's the way it works. 82 00:04:44,545 --> 00:04:47,330 He's a fugitive drug dealer. 83 00:04:47,374 --> 00:04:51,116 The interesting thing about Noriega's relationship 84 00:04:51,160 --> 00:04:53,075 with the U.S. was, 85 00:04:53,118 --> 00:04:55,686 not only was he involved and in bed 86 00:04:55,730 --> 00:04:58,472 with these big Colombian drug dealers, 87 00:04:58,515 --> 00:05:00,778 he was also a CIA asset, 88 00:05:00,822 --> 00:05:05,348 so he had his relationship with the Bush administration. 89 00:05:05,392 --> 00:05:07,568 Noriega's ties to the CIA 90 00:05:07,611 --> 00:05:10,222 go back to the early days of the Cold War. 91 00:05:10,266 --> 00:05:12,573 As a young officer, he provides information 92 00:05:12,616 --> 00:05:15,489 on Fidel Castro's Cuban revolution. 93 00:05:15,532 --> 00:05:17,665 In the '80s, Noriega is enlisted 94 00:05:17,708 --> 00:05:20,363 in Reagan's fight against Communism. 95 00:05:20,407 --> 00:05:22,887 Noriega offers to help the CIA 96 00:05:22,931 --> 00:05:25,716 fight its covert Contra war in Nicaragua, 97 00:05:25,760 --> 00:05:28,545 which had become entangled with cocaine trafficking. 98 00:05:31,156 --> 00:05:34,290 But there's a-a piece to the story 99 00:05:34,334 --> 00:05:36,118 that -- that's -- that's missing. 100 00:05:36,161 --> 00:05:38,250 Panama was created to be kind of like 101 00:05:38,294 --> 00:05:40,514 the Switzerland of Latin America. 102 00:05:40,557 --> 00:05:43,038 In the 1980s, the CIA 103 00:05:43,081 --> 00:05:46,998 was using these banks to launder money 104 00:05:47,042 --> 00:05:50,393 to pay for secret activities in Central America. 105 00:05:50,437 --> 00:05:54,615 And when General Noriega became the head of Panama, 106 00:05:54,658 --> 00:05:56,747 he became the trustee 107 00:05:56,791 --> 00:06:00,229 of this secret CIA banking system. 108 00:06:00,272 --> 00:06:03,537 But he started inviting Pablo Escobar 109 00:06:03,580 --> 00:06:05,452 and other narco traffickers 110 00:06:05,495 --> 00:06:07,541 to do their banking in Panama. 111 00:06:11,196 --> 00:06:13,808 Good morning, Panama. 112 00:06:19,335 --> 00:06:21,424 With American troops closing in, 113 00:06:21,468 --> 00:06:23,774 Noriega flees to the Vatican's embassy, 114 00:06:23,818 --> 00:06:25,515 where he's given sanctuary. 115 00:06:28,475 --> 00:06:31,434 But the U.S. Army surrounds the embassy 116 00:06:31,478 --> 00:06:34,437 and begins blasting rock music 24 hours a day 117 00:06:34,481 --> 00:06:36,004 to drive him out. 118 00:06:37,832 --> 00:06:39,616 Soldiers phone in requests 119 00:06:39,660 --> 00:06:42,053 for songs like "Paranoid" by Black Sabbath 120 00:06:42,097 --> 00:06:44,142 and Van Halen's "Panama." 121 00:06:52,237 --> 00:06:54,805 Undeterred, Noriega takes to the radio 122 00:06:54,849 --> 00:06:57,460 to rally his supporters to battle. 123 00:07:16,958 --> 00:07:20,614 But Noriega is surrounded by the world's most powerful army 124 00:07:20,657 --> 00:07:22,833 and a mob that wants his head. 125 00:07:28,752 --> 00:07:32,887 When he finally gives up 10 days later, it's agents from the DEA 126 00:07:32,930 --> 00:07:35,759 that cuff him and charge him as a drug trafficker. 127 00:07:40,242 --> 00:07:43,201 George Bush had to take out our ally 128 00:07:43,245 --> 00:07:46,814 because he violated the sacred trust 129 00:07:46,857 --> 00:07:48,598 of being the leader of Panama. 130 00:07:48,642 --> 00:07:50,470 The U.S. had to go in 131 00:07:50,513 --> 00:07:54,517 and break open those narco trafficker piggy banks, 132 00:07:54,561 --> 00:07:56,301 get the money out, 133 00:07:56,345 --> 00:07:59,783 and give the DEA a road map 134 00:07:59,827 --> 00:08:03,613 to go after these cartels in the early '90s. 135 00:08:07,138 --> 00:08:09,227 As one boss is brought down in Panama, 136 00:08:09,271 --> 00:08:12,230 next door, another is about to rise. 137 00:08:17,279 --> 00:08:20,717 Cocaine is often still being processed in Colombia, 138 00:08:20,761 --> 00:08:23,590 but it wasn't being shipped as frequently 139 00:08:23,633 --> 00:08:25,548 through the traditional routes of Florida. 140 00:08:25,592 --> 00:08:26,897 Things were changing. 141 00:08:26,941 --> 00:08:30,161 Pablo Escobar was on the run. 142 00:08:30,205 --> 00:08:31,728 Others had been eliminated. 143 00:08:31,772 --> 00:08:33,730 One thing that's true about the War on Drugs 144 00:08:33,774 --> 00:08:37,255 is that every time you eliminate one leader, 145 00:08:37,299 --> 00:08:39,344 somebody else gets a promotion. 146 00:08:39,388 --> 00:08:42,565 It's a law of physics almost. 147 00:08:42,609 --> 00:08:45,133 This is what began to happen in Mexico. 148 00:08:45,176 --> 00:08:46,961 On this plane is a powerful 149 00:08:47,004 --> 00:08:50,138 yet little-known Mexican drug trafficker 150 00:08:50,181 --> 00:08:52,706 who's come to Cali, Colombia, to make a deal 151 00:08:52,749 --> 00:08:55,970 that will change the War on Drugs. 152 00:09:01,889 --> 00:09:06,328 Amado Carrillo Fuentes, born in the Mexican state of Sinaloa, 153 00:09:06,371 --> 00:09:08,983 where locals worship a drug-trafficking saint, 154 00:09:09,026 --> 00:09:11,942 and his favorite uncle is a legendary smuggler. 155 00:09:11,986 --> 00:09:16,164 Amado Carrillo Fuentes was a-a really strong, 156 00:09:16,207 --> 00:09:19,776 strong thinker and functioned more as a C.E.O. 157 00:09:19,820 --> 00:09:21,517 than he ever did as a drug trafficker. 158 00:09:21,561 --> 00:09:25,565 He determined that he could advance his objectives 159 00:09:25,608 --> 00:09:27,044 by dealing directly with the Colombians. 160 00:09:29,264 --> 00:09:31,353 Carrillo is here to make a deal with representatives 161 00:09:31,396 --> 00:09:35,531 of one of Colombia's most powerful cartels, 162 00:09:35,575 --> 00:09:36,967 the Cali Cartel, 163 00:09:37,011 --> 00:09:38,621 controlled by two brothers, 164 00:09:38,665 --> 00:09:40,928 Miguel and Gilberto Rodriguez-Orejuela. 165 00:09:40,971 --> 00:09:42,930 We can do more here. 166 00:09:42,973 --> 00:09:45,541 For a decade, the brothers have had a gentleman's agreement 167 00:09:45,585 --> 00:09:49,066 with Pablo Escobar's more powerful Medellín Cartel 168 00:09:49,110 --> 00:09:50,720 to divide up cocaine distribution 169 00:09:50,764 --> 00:09:53,201 in the United States. 170 00:09:53,244 --> 00:09:56,857 But when Escobar gains control over 70% of the market, 171 00:09:56,900 --> 00:09:59,903 he becomes public enemy number one in Colombia, 172 00:09:59,947 --> 00:10:03,037 and the Cali Cartel sees the opportunity to expand. 173 00:10:10,174 --> 00:10:12,002 The Cali Cartel wants to move 174 00:10:12,046 --> 00:10:13,961 more cocaine into the United States. 175 00:10:14,004 --> 00:10:15,832 And the Mexican has a plan. 176 00:10:21,403 --> 00:10:23,405 Amado determined that the Colombians 177 00:10:23,448 --> 00:10:25,407 were always receiving the lion's share, 178 00:10:25,450 --> 00:10:29,498 so he thought he'd be a little bit more sinister. 179 00:10:29,541 --> 00:10:31,021 He said to them, 180 00:10:31,065 --> 00:10:34,677 "For every kilogram that I transship for you, 181 00:10:34,721 --> 00:10:37,506 you pay me in product. You give me one half-kilogram." 182 00:10:37,549 --> 00:10:40,640 So the Colombians thought to themselves, "Hey, no money. 183 00:10:40,683 --> 00:10:43,773 We'll just synthesize more." 184 00:10:43,817 --> 00:10:47,603 But then he started to deluge west-of-the-Mississippi markets 185 00:10:47,647 --> 00:10:51,172 with his own product, gnawing at their market share. 186 00:10:51,215 --> 00:10:55,567 He started flying literally commercial-airline loads 187 00:10:55,611 --> 00:10:57,395 of cocaine into Mexico. 188 00:10:57,439 --> 00:10:59,615 He had his own fleet. 189 00:10:59,659 --> 00:11:02,226 That's when Amado Carrillo Fuentes 190 00:11:02,270 --> 00:11:05,229 became known as Lord of the Skies. 191 00:11:05,273 --> 00:11:07,405 The Mexicans started to dominate 192 00:11:07,449 --> 00:11:10,191 the cocaine market in North America. 193 00:11:10,234 --> 00:11:12,628 Absolute brilliance. 194 00:11:12,672 --> 00:11:15,196 With General Noriega behind bars 195 00:11:15,239 --> 00:11:18,155 and Pablo Escobar under increasing pressure, 196 00:11:18,199 --> 00:11:21,681 the Cali and Mexican Cartels are free to take over 197 00:11:21,724 --> 00:11:24,596 and flood the United States with cheap cocaine. 198 00:11:49,273 --> 00:11:50,971 In the early '90s, 199 00:11:51,014 --> 00:11:54,278 the flow of cocaine coming into L.A. via Mexico 200 00:11:54,322 --> 00:11:58,718 has made the city the center of the crack-cocaine epidemic. 201 00:12:08,249 --> 00:12:09,772 Battles over the crack trade 202 00:12:09,816 --> 00:12:12,775 turn the streets into a war zone. 203 00:12:12,819 --> 00:12:17,780 L.A. County sees over 2,500 murders in 1992, 204 00:12:17,824 --> 00:12:19,913 over 7 a day. 205 00:12:25,657 --> 00:12:28,660 De la Cruz: Most people don't understand that even though 206 00:12:28,704 --> 00:12:30,924 the crack epidemic 207 00:12:30,967 --> 00:12:33,491 started in the '80s, 208 00:12:33,535 --> 00:12:36,799 at the height of the crack epidemic, 209 00:12:36,843 --> 00:12:41,238 homicide skyrocketed in 1992. 210 00:12:44,851 --> 00:12:46,504 Everybody's carrying guns. 211 00:12:46,548 --> 00:12:49,333 Smoke some crack cocaine, and you see somebody, 212 00:12:49,377 --> 00:12:50,857 and you perceive that individual 213 00:12:50,900 --> 00:12:53,076 to look at you disrespectfully, 214 00:12:53,120 --> 00:12:54,512 you're gonna kill him. 215 00:12:57,472 --> 00:13:00,257 With Los Angeles flooded with crack cocaine, 216 00:13:00,301 --> 00:13:03,521 the streets are about to explode. 217 00:13:03,565 --> 00:13:05,959 And two of America's most notorious gangs, 218 00:13:06,002 --> 00:13:07,438 the Bloods and Crips, 219 00:13:07,482 --> 00:13:09,701 will find surprising common ground. 220 00:13:20,582 --> 00:13:22,279 O0 C1Narrator: By the early 1990s, 221 00:13:22,323 --> 00:13:25,717 the crack epidemic has leveled inner-city America. 222 00:13:25,761 --> 00:13:30,244 Crime and murder rates are at all-time highs. 223 00:13:30,287 --> 00:13:32,855 Los Angeles has been flooded with crack cocaine 224 00:13:32,899 --> 00:13:34,857 sold by two street gangs, 225 00:13:34,901 --> 00:13:36,598 Bloods... 226 00:13:36,641 --> 00:13:38,121 and Crips. 227 00:13:42,299 --> 00:13:44,214 and I Crip my way around 228 00:13:47,914 --> 00:13:50,481 Growing up in Watts, we didn't have the more positive 229 00:13:50,525 --> 00:13:52,744 black role models -- the Martins, the Malcolms. 230 00:13:52,788 --> 00:13:54,703 So gangsters, drug dealers -- 231 00:13:54,746 --> 00:13:59,403 these became our new role models. 232 00:13:59,447 --> 00:14:00,709 I was one of those young guys 233 00:14:00,752 --> 00:14:01,884 who was a street dealer, 234 00:14:01,928 --> 00:14:02,972 small street dealer, 235 00:14:03,016 --> 00:14:03,973 who sold crack 236 00:14:04,017 --> 00:14:05,888 just for survival purposes. 237 00:14:05,932 --> 00:14:09,413 90% of the community was involved in selling drugs. 238 00:14:09,457 --> 00:14:11,981 We seen, um, the violence, death. 239 00:14:12,025 --> 00:14:14,505 We're surrounded by crack, people being murdered, 240 00:14:14,549 --> 00:14:18,466 and Watts was looking like a third-world country. 241 00:14:18,509 --> 00:14:21,295 The crack trade is so dangerous for gang members, 242 00:14:21,338 --> 00:14:23,645 traveling a few blocks outside your turf 243 00:14:23,688 --> 00:14:26,343 could mean a death sentence. 244 00:14:26,387 --> 00:14:30,391 Often, it meant Blood against Blood, Crip against Crip. 245 00:14:33,350 --> 00:14:36,963 In charge of stopping the violence -- Daryl Gates, 246 00:14:37,006 --> 00:14:39,966 L.A.'s hard-as-nails top cop. 247 00:14:40,009 --> 00:14:43,230 We have a war, a shooting war, 248 00:14:43,273 --> 00:14:45,101 not in the Middle East right now. 249 00:14:45,145 --> 00:14:47,974 We have it on the streets of every major city 250 00:14:48,017 --> 00:14:50,541 in this country. 251 00:14:50,585 --> 00:14:54,154 And you know who's feeding and supporting 252 00:14:54,197 --> 00:14:57,026 the enemy? 253 00:14:57,070 --> 00:14:59,333 The casual drug user. 254 00:14:59,376 --> 00:15:01,944 Gates creates an elite paramilitary unit 255 00:15:01,988 --> 00:15:05,600 he calls Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums, 256 00:15:05,643 --> 00:15:07,471 or CRASH. 257 00:15:10,910 --> 00:15:13,434 Gates launches raids with military names 258 00:15:13,477 --> 00:15:15,131 like Operation Hammer. 259 00:15:19,919 --> 00:15:22,443 In one weekend, nearly 1,500 people 260 00:15:22,486 --> 00:15:24,749 are rounded up and arrested. 261 00:15:24,793 --> 00:15:27,448 Dozens of officers raid apartment buildings, 262 00:15:27,491 --> 00:15:29,450 punching in walls, 263 00:15:29,493 --> 00:15:31,321 even leaving their own graffiti 264 00:15:31,365 --> 00:15:33,497 on the sides of buildings. 265 00:15:43,507 --> 00:15:46,032 The Los Angeles Police Department up under Daryl Gates, 266 00:15:46,075 --> 00:15:49,252 they was kind of looked at as gang members themselves. 267 00:15:49,296 --> 00:15:51,646 I mean, it's like, man, they was untouchables. 268 00:15:53,474 --> 00:15:56,129 Keep your hands where I can see them, partner. 269 00:15:56,172 --> 00:15:58,000 It appears -- appears to be 270 00:15:58,044 --> 00:15:59,523 three male blacks in a vehicle. 271 00:15:59,567 --> 00:16:01,743 It's a white, uh, Hyundai, I believe. 272 00:16:01,786 --> 00:16:04,267 But on March 3, 1991, 273 00:16:04,311 --> 00:16:07,792 relations between the LAPD and the citizens they police 274 00:16:07,836 --> 00:16:10,012 take a darker turn. 275 00:16:30,990 --> 00:16:32,904 It's not just about Rodney King. 276 00:16:32,948 --> 00:16:35,124 It's about this entire regime 277 00:16:35,168 --> 00:16:37,213 of policing that has grown 278 00:16:37,257 --> 00:16:38,910 more and more intense. 279 00:16:41,087 --> 00:16:44,568 The police were being told 280 00:16:44,612 --> 00:16:46,222 for now 20 years 281 00:16:46,266 --> 00:16:48,311 that they were fighting a war, 282 00:16:48,355 --> 00:16:51,880 that more and more of the public was the enemy. 283 00:16:51,923 --> 00:16:55,623 And thus, war is the appropriate set of methodology. 284 00:17:02,456 --> 00:17:05,328 A year after the King beating, while a jury deliberates 285 00:17:05,372 --> 00:17:08,114 the fate of the officers charged, 286 00:17:08,157 --> 00:17:12,944 in South Central L.A., something extraordinary is happening. 287 00:17:12,988 --> 00:17:16,252 A movement is brewing to bring peace to the warring gangs -- 288 00:17:16,296 --> 00:17:19,081 a truce between Crips and Bloods. 289 00:17:22,215 --> 00:17:26,610 In order for us to get the respect of law enforcement 290 00:17:26,654 --> 00:17:29,178 it's that we had to respect ourselves first. 291 00:17:32,747 --> 00:17:36,403 Inspired by the 1982 Egypt-Israel peace agreement, 292 00:17:36,446 --> 00:17:39,188 Crip O.G. Duade Sherrills calls 293 00:17:39,232 --> 00:17:41,190 a meeting of rival gang leaders. 294 00:17:43,975 --> 00:17:45,760 The Israelis and Arabs -- 295 00:17:45,803 --> 00:17:48,850 these people have a relationship in blood. 296 00:17:48,893 --> 00:17:53,550 We had Crips and Bloods fighting each other 297 00:17:53,594 --> 00:17:57,119 who was really just black Americans 298 00:17:57,163 --> 00:17:59,643 fighting over a color. 299 00:17:59,687 --> 00:18:01,863 We started drafting a truce 300 00:18:01,906 --> 00:18:05,258 that fits the scenario of the environment 301 00:18:05,301 --> 00:18:07,129 in which we was comin' from -- 302 00:18:07,173 --> 00:18:09,740 no jobs, poor education, 303 00:18:09,784 --> 00:18:12,352 gangs, drugs. 304 00:18:12,395 --> 00:18:15,877 Listen, y'all, we got to take this back. Yo. 305 00:18:15,920 --> 00:18:18,749 There had been over 800 gang-related homicides 306 00:18:18,793 --> 00:18:21,143 in L.A. that year alone. 307 00:18:21,187 --> 00:18:23,841 Listen, listen. We need to calm it down. 308 00:18:23,885 --> 00:18:26,017 Are the drugs really that good in y'all neighborhood? 309 00:18:26,061 --> 00:18:28,019 That ain't the kind of money that y'all want to be giving 310 00:18:28,063 --> 00:18:31,153 to y'all's kids. This is our community. 311 00:18:31,197 --> 00:18:32,720 It was difficult and hard. 312 00:18:32,763 --> 00:18:34,417 We talking about gang wars 313 00:18:34,461 --> 00:18:36,376 between all these different rival neighborhoods. 314 00:18:36,419 --> 00:18:37,681 We got people who been shot. 315 00:18:37,725 --> 00:18:39,205 We got people that was in prison 316 00:18:39,248 --> 00:18:42,121 based upon participation in some of these wars, 317 00:18:42,164 --> 00:18:45,167 and didn't nobody believe that it was possible. 318 00:18:45,211 --> 00:18:47,038 But after years of warfare 319 00:18:47,082 --> 00:18:49,650 fueled by the crack-cocaine explosion, 320 00:18:49,693 --> 00:18:51,608 the gangs agree to a truce. 321 00:18:51,652 --> 00:18:53,219 -Let's do this. Let's do this. -Shake my hand. 322 00:18:53,262 --> 00:18:55,177 Let's do this, homey. That's right. That's right. 323 00:18:55,221 --> 00:18:58,746 Being that we was some of the most notorious sects 324 00:18:58,789 --> 00:19:01,444 in the city of Los Angeles, if we can unify, 325 00:19:01,488 --> 00:19:03,272 then they can unify. 326 00:19:03,316 --> 00:19:04,969 -But it's a black thing, now. -It's a black thing. 327 00:19:05,013 --> 00:19:08,059 It's a black thing. Crips and Bloods are getting together. 328 00:19:08,103 --> 00:19:10,671 As the word spreads, celebrations break out 329 00:19:10,714 --> 00:19:12,934 across South Central. 330 00:19:12,977 --> 00:19:16,198 Talking about hundreds of young men and women 331 00:19:16,242 --> 00:19:19,897 converging on a whole neighborhood 332 00:19:19,941 --> 00:19:21,856 that they was at war with. 333 00:19:21,899 --> 00:19:24,598 Mothers crying. The word is circulating now. 334 00:19:24,641 --> 00:19:30,038 We unifying, getting the opportunity to know one another. 335 00:19:30,081 --> 00:19:33,694 But two days later, the celebrations will stop. 336 00:19:45,749 --> 00:19:47,751 Jury deliberations continued today 337 00:19:47,795 --> 00:19:49,840 in the trial of four Los Angeles police officers 338 00:19:49,884 --> 00:19:52,669 accused of beating motorist Rodney King. 339 00:19:55,324 --> 00:19:58,153 The city is on edge as it awaits the verdict 340 00:19:58,197 --> 00:20:00,199 in the Rodney King beating. 341 00:20:00,242 --> 00:20:02,418 During the trial, the police testified 342 00:20:02,462 --> 00:20:04,420 that King was high on PCP 343 00:20:04,464 --> 00:20:08,032 and displaying superhuman strength. 344 00:20:08,076 --> 00:20:11,601 I've seen this man shot with a Taser, 345 00:20:11,645 --> 00:20:13,864 um, hit with a baton, 346 00:20:13,908 --> 00:20:17,564 and it was a powerful blow in the head, 347 00:20:17,607 --> 00:20:19,783 and, uh, he was still on his feet. 348 00:20:23,613 --> 00:20:25,180 De la Cruz: The people in the community, 349 00:20:25,224 --> 00:20:27,704 they're watching this, and they're already angry. 350 00:20:27,748 --> 00:20:29,706 And they see themselves 351 00:20:29,750 --> 00:20:31,708 as -- as Rodney King. 352 00:20:31,752 --> 00:20:33,623 "I am Rodney King, 353 00:20:33,667 --> 00:20:35,625 because they've done that to me," 354 00:20:35,669 --> 00:20:37,323 you know? And there's thousands of people 355 00:20:37,366 --> 00:20:39,977 that that has happened to. And they're watching this, 356 00:20:40,021 --> 00:20:42,458 and they're going, "Man, okay." 357 00:20:45,026 --> 00:20:48,334 We the jury find the defendant Stacey C. Koon 358 00:20:48,377 --> 00:20:50,249 not guilty of the crime of assault 359 00:20:50,292 --> 00:20:52,903 by force likely to produce great bodily injury 360 00:20:52,947 --> 00:20:54,383 and with a deadly weapon. 361 00:21:25,893 --> 00:21:27,938 Over 60 people die 362 00:21:27,982 --> 00:21:32,726 and a billion dollars goes up in flames. 363 00:21:32,769 --> 00:21:35,206 Anytime you have a citizenry base 364 00:21:35,250 --> 00:21:38,427 who historically was segregated, 365 00:21:38,471 --> 00:21:41,343 who was, uh, oppressed, 366 00:21:41,387 --> 00:21:44,868 and who was never given opportunities outside drugs, 367 00:21:44,912 --> 00:21:46,653 then it adds up and it adds up, 368 00:21:46,696 --> 00:21:49,308 then it adds up, then it boils over. 369 00:21:49,351 --> 00:21:54,965 It led to the destruction of their own communities. 370 00:21:55,009 --> 00:21:58,229 After the smoke clears, gang leaders speak out, 371 00:21:58,273 --> 00:22:01,102 asking for alternatives to the drug trade. 372 00:22:07,543 --> 00:22:10,067 I'm talking about a future for my people, 373 00:22:10,111 --> 00:22:11,895 for me, for all my people. 374 00:22:11,939 --> 00:22:13,244 I'm talking about, give us a future. 375 00:22:13,288 --> 00:22:15,682 Give us a start to be independent 376 00:22:15,725 --> 00:22:18,075 so we can help ourselves, help our people, help our kids, 377 00:22:18,119 --> 00:22:22,123 give them something positive to look at Daddy for. 378 00:22:22,166 --> 00:22:25,518 The streets of South Central become noticeably safer. 379 00:22:25,561 --> 00:22:27,302 Murder rates plummet. 380 00:22:30,218 --> 00:22:34,048 Did the violence decrease as a reaction to the riots 381 00:22:34,091 --> 00:22:38,357 or because of a now-forgotten truce between gang members? 382 00:22:38,400 --> 00:22:41,708 The reasons are still debated. 383 00:22:41,751 --> 00:22:43,927 Gates must go! Gates must go! 384 00:22:43,971 --> 00:22:47,540 But for Daryl Gates, his war on drugs is over. 385 00:22:47,583 --> 00:22:50,238 Gates must go! Gates must go! 386 00:22:50,281 --> 00:22:52,980 I go out of office without a tinge of anger, 387 00:22:53,023 --> 00:22:55,025 without a tinge of bitterness. 388 00:22:55,069 --> 00:22:58,464 I've had fun. This has been the grandest trip of my life. 389 00:22:58,507 --> 00:23:00,988 I loved every moment of it, and I love every moment 390 00:23:01,031 --> 00:23:03,599 right down to the very last moment. 391 00:23:03,643 --> 00:23:06,297 Thank you very much. 392 00:23:06,341 --> 00:23:10,084 The story of the militarization of American policing 393 00:23:10,127 --> 00:23:12,434 begins in many ways in Los Angeles. 394 00:23:12,478 --> 00:23:15,394 That is the first police department 395 00:23:15,437 --> 00:23:17,439 to start incorporating 396 00:23:17,483 --> 00:23:19,528 the methods of counterinsurgency 397 00:23:19,572 --> 00:23:22,923 from America's foreign wars directly into policing. 398 00:23:22,966 --> 00:23:25,926 The country was given a choice, 399 00:23:25,969 --> 00:23:29,146 and what happened was it doubled down on the War on Drugs. 400 00:23:45,859 --> 00:23:49,384 In the heartland, a new drug is taking off, 401 00:23:49,428 --> 00:23:53,301 fueled by the sister of a Hollywood star. 402 00:23:53,344 --> 00:23:56,478 'Cause everybody hears the -- the Mexican drug lords. 403 00:23:56,522 --> 00:23:58,524 I mean, that's what you see on TV. 404 00:23:58,567 --> 00:24:00,264 So I never considered myself a drug dealer, 405 00:24:00,308 --> 00:24:02,441 and then I realized I was one. 406 00:24:06,053 --> 00:24:07,620 O0 C1 407 00:24:07,663 --> 00:24:10,144 In the early 1990s, 408 00:24:10,187 --> 00:24:13,408 crack cocaine is devastating America's inner cities. 409 00:24:18,369 --> 00:24:20,328 But in the heartland, 410 00:24:20,371 --> 00:24:25,028 another just-as-powerful drug is quietly gaining popularity 411 00:24:25,072 --> 00:24:28,815 and will give rise to an unlikely drug lord. 412 00:24:28,858 --> 00:24:31,644 I grew up in kind of a back-in-time town, I guess. 413 00:24:31,687 --> 00:24:34,385 Leave your doors open. 414 00:24:37,432 --> 00:24:39,216 I have five brothers, one sister. 415 00:24:39,260 --> 00:24:41,610 Yeah, just a regular family, kind of. 416 00:24:43,438 --> 00:24:44,918 I grew up pretty quick. 417 00:24:44,961 --> 00:24:47,790 Junior high school drinking Mad Dog 20/20 418 00:24:47,834 --> 00:24:49,662 out front of the school. 419 00:24:49,705 --> 00:24:52,534 Back then, black beauties, Christmas trees, pink hearts, 420 00:24:52,578 --> 00:24:55,232 that and -- and pot. 421 00:24:55,276 --> 00:24:59,498 Lori Arnold is the sister of Hollywood star Tom Arnold, 422 00:24:59,541 --> 00:25:03,502 at the time, the sister-in-law of Roseanne Barr. 423 00:25:03,545 --> 00:25:07,027 First married at 14, by the time she's 20, 424 00:25:07,070 --> 00:25:09,551 she's living in a riverfront shack with her infant son 425 00:25:09,595 --> 00:25:11,335 and her husband, Floyd, 426 00:25:11,379 --> 00:25:14,687 who runs a motorcycle gang called the Grim Reapers. 427 00:25:14,730 --> 00:25:16,558 Arnold's life changes 428 00:25:16,602 --> 00:25:20,301 when Floyd's brother offers her a line of a new drug. 429 00:25:20,344 --> 00:25:22,477 And you didn't have to snort a lot of it, so you just -- 430 00:25:22,521 --> 00:25:24,348 We'd just have a little line to start with. 431 00:25:24,392 --> 00:25:27,700 It burns, and then once you get past that part, 432 00:25:27,743 --> 00:25:30,616 then the feeling starts. 433 00:25:30,659 --> 00:25:34,402 First sold as a cure-all for fatigue, 434 00:25:34,445 --> 00:25:37,144 methamphetamine affects the central nervous system, 435 00:25:37,187 --> 00:25:38,841 instantly giving users 436 00:25:38,885 --> 00:25:40,626 a heightened sense of focus and energy. 437 00:25:41,931 --> 00:25:44,586 Adolf Hitler is high on meth for most the war. 438 00:25:44,630 --> 00:25:46,109 Nazi soldiers take it 439 00:25:46,153 --> 00:25:48,198 so they can fight for days without sleep. 440 00:25:49,504 --> 00:25:53,073 Meth first takes hold in the United States in the 1950s, 441 00:25:53,116 --> 00:25:54,857 when it becomes popular with bikers, 442 00:25:54,901 --> 00:25:56,859 sleep-starved truckers, 443 00:25:56,903 --> 00:25:59,253 and adrenaline-junkie surfers. 444 00:25:59,296 --> 00:26:01,211 t America's biggest amphetamine users 445 00:26:01,255 --> 00:26:04,171 are the ones you might not expect. 446 00:26:04,214 --> 00:26:07,696 American women often have the deciding voice 447 00:26:07,740 --> 00:26:10,525 in whatever we come to buy. 448 00:26:10,569 --> 00:26:12,527 It was known for years as "mother's little helper," 449 00:26:12,571 --> 00:26:15,617 the little pill that was meant to make the boring lives 450 00:26:15,661 --> 00:26:18,315 of American housewives more tolerable. 451 00:26:18,359 --> 00:26:20,840 You would actually see in magazine ads 452 00:26:20,883 --> 00:26:23,494 for those drugs directed at housewives. 453 00:26:23,538 --> 00:26:27,063 Red devils. Blue amphetamines. 454 00:26:27,107 --> 00:26:29,718 U.S. government decided that it was gonna crack down 455 00:26:29,762 --> 00:26:32,678 on the number of pep pills that -- that were being made, 456 00:26:32,721 --> 00:26:35,245 which then created the -- the underground market. 457 00:26:39,685 --> 00:26:42,035 Arnold takes a couple of grams to a local bar 458 00:26:42,078 --> 00:26:45,734 and offers some to friends. 459 00:26:45,778 --> 00:26:48,650 We all did lines in the bathroom on the toilet tank. 460 00:26:50,609 --> 00:26:51,784 About a half-hour later, 461 00:26:51,827 --> 00:26:53,655 everybody's just talking and dancing 462 00:26:53,699 --> 00:26:55,352 and having a good time and everything 463 00:26:55,396 --> 00:26:57,616 and wanted more of that stuff. 464 00:27:00,749 --> 00:27:03,360 So I just started selling to just make some extra money. 465 00:27:03,404 --> 00:27:05,275 I lived in this $6,000 cabin. 466 00:27:05,319 --> 00:27:07,669 Didn't have heat, didn't have running water. 467 00:27:07,713 --> 00:27:09,323 I started with just a little bit, 468 00:27:09,366 --> 00:27:11,281 an 8 ball -- 3 1/2 grams. 469 00:27:11,325 --> 00:27:15,068 So I'd get $25 for 1/4 gram. 470 00:27:15,111 --> 00:27:17,897 And then I would get about 5 bucks out of that. 471 00:27:17,940 --> 00:27:20,116 Sold it. My brother-in-law got me a 1/4 ounce. 472 00:27:20,160 --> 00:27:22,466 That went same day. 473 00:27:22,510 --> 00:27:26,035 So next time, he brought me 1/4 pound. 474 00:27:26,079 --> 00:27:28,559 Figure 100 bucks a gram, 475 00:27:28,603 --> 00:27:30,083 I had quite a bit of money, you know? 476 00:27:30,126 --> 00:27:32,172 And I stashed it in my wall 477 00:27:32,215 --> 00:27:34,304 because I didn't know where else to put it. 478 00:27:34,348 --> 00:27:37,917 Soon, most of her friends are doing meth 479 00:27:37,960 --> 00:27:40,920 and rely on her for their next fix. 480 00:27:40,963 --> 00:27:43,096 It makes you sociable. 481 00:27:43,139 --> 00:27:45,141 It made them something they wanted to be 482 00:27:45,185 --> 00:27:46,708 but didn't know how to be. 483 00:27:46,752 --> 00:27:48,536 Arnold buys a bar, 484 00:27:48,579 --> 00:27:51,452 and it soon becomes the local party spot. 485 00:27:51,495 --> 00:27:53,715 But Arnold can't get enough product. 486 00:27:53,759 --> 00:27:56,718 So she looks for an out-of-state connection. 487 00:27:56,762 --> 00:27:58,764 Arnold's crew heads to California 488 00:27:58,807 --> 00:28:00,983 to meet with a Mexican supplier. 489 00:28:01,027 --> 00:28:03,682 They called themselves Mexican Mafia. 490 00:28:03,725 --> 00:28:05,727 Whether they were or not, I don't know. 491 00:28:05,771 --> 00:28:08,643 We got a little bit of vibe that they might be dangerous, 492 00:28:08,687 --> 00:28:11,777 and we always kept a check and took pictures, 493 00:28:11,820 --> 00:28:15,302 um, of the property and what was around it 494 00:28:15,345 --> 00:28:17,391 so we could go get them if we had to. 495 00:28:17,434 --> 00:28:19,567 We didn't want any kind of violence 496 00:28:19,610 --> 00:28:22,265 or anything to happen to our friends 497 00:28:22,309 --> 00:28:24,224 or us as far as it goes. 498 00:28:24,267 --> 00:28:26,400 But I needed them at that time 499 00:28:26,443 --> 00:28:30,926 'cause, you know, they had good dope, and it was cheap. 500 00:28:30,970 --> 00:28:33,146 So it was just strictly business with them. 501 00:28:36,105 --> 00:28:39,108 We keep driving this same car out there. 502 00:28:39,152 --> 00:28:41,763 Well, we don't want to get caught, of course. 503 00:28:41,807 --> 00:28:45,462 So I bought a car dealership, just a small one, 504 00:28:45,506 --> 00:28:47,813 so we'd have a different car each time. 505 00:28:54,384 --> 00:28:55,385 Yes, ma'am. 506 00:28:58,214 --> 00:28:59,650 Yes, ma'am. 507 00:28:59,694 --> 00:29:02,262 The business had picked up so much 508 00:29:02,305 --> 00:29:04,177 that we'd have to go out 509 00:29:04,220 --> 00:29:06,701 to California and Arizona every three days. 510 00:29:09,008 --> 00:29:10,705 So we're like, "Okay, well, 511 00:29:10,749 --> 00:29:12,881 we need to either find somewhere closer to get it 512 00:29:12,925 --> 00:29:14,317 or do it ourselves." 513 00:29:14,361 --> 00:29:16,363 So I get some, uh, books -- 514 00:29:16,406 --> 00:29:20,019 science type, like a catalogue -- and I said, 515 00:29:20,062 --> 00:29:22,673 "Okay, well, I can just order a lab right out of here." 516 00:29:22,717 --> 00:29:25,198 So I just order parts, bought a lab. 517 00:29:27,200 --> 00:29:29,028 Arnold builds a lab in a trailer 518 00:29:29,071 --> 00:29:32,161 and hires the best chemist she can find. 519 00:29:32,205 --> 00:29:35,686 Hello? Hello? 520 00:29:35,730 --> 00:29:37,601 You in there? You alive in there? 521 00:29:46,393 --> 00:29:48,569 So he'd go up there, three days. 522 00:29:50,353 --> 00:29:53,313 He didn't do his own stuff until after the batch was made, 523 00:29:53,356 --> 00:29:56,620 and he'd shoot it up, because that's the way he could tell. 524 00:29:56,664 --> 00:29:59,275 He said if this is gonna kill him, we didn't want to sell it. 525 00:30:03,802 --> 00:30:05,064 Whoa, Nelly. 526 00:30:13,724 --> 00:30:16,466 Yeah, it's -- Oh, this is great. 527 00:30:17,990 --> 00:30:21,080 The investment in her lab pays off. 528 00:30:21,123 --> 00:30:24,039 Instead of paying like $10,000 a pound, 529 00:30:24,083 --> 00:30:26,259 at that point, if I was getting it somewhere else, 530 00:30:26,302 --> 00:30:29,566 it was about $2,000 to make it. 531 00:30:29,610 --> 00:30:32,221 At the height of her production, she's bringing in 532 00:30:32,265 --> 00:30:35,877 hundreds of thousands of dollars every month. 533 00:30:35,921 --> 00:30:38,880 Lower-level dealers begin buying Arnold's pure product 534 00:30:38,924 --> 00:30:41,187 and cutting it several times, 535 00:30:41,230 --> 00:30:45,452 flooding entire regions of the Midwest with cheap meth. 536 00:30:45,495 --> 00:30:47,149 Crystal meth is nothing more, really, 537 00:30:47,193 --> 00:30:49,108 than some really good amphetamine. 538 00:30:49,151 --> 00:30:52,459 And it is a product of backyard cooks 539 00:30:52,502 --> 00:30:54,200 just simply that figured out 540 00:30:54,243 --> 00:30:57,899 they could use pseudoephedrine to cook up meth. 541 00:31:01,947 --> 00:31:04,253 Getting your hands on ephedrine or pseudoephedrine 542 00:31:04,297 --> 00:31:06,081 is as easy as buying cold medicine 543 00:31:06,125 --> 00:31:08,518 and crushing up the tablets. 544 00:31:08,562 --> 00:31:11,565 And all of this new profit streaming in 545 00:31:11,608 --> 00:31:15,003 does not go unnoticed by the pharmaceutical industry. 546 00:31:15,047 --> 00:31:18,224 People understand that a pseudoephedrine precursor 547 00:31:18,267 --> 00:31:20,704 is being used to cook up meth. 548 00:31:20,748 --> 00:31:23,272 Uh, and the pharmaceutical industry realizes 549 00:31:23,316 --> 00:31:25,274 it's selling an awful lot of this stuff. 550 00:31:30,105 --> 00:31:31,890 For the next 20 years, 551 00:31:31,933 --> 00:31:34,544 pharmaceutical companies will fight Congress' attempts 552 00:31:34,588 --> 00:31:38,505 to regulate the precursors for crystal meth. 553 00:31:38,548 --> 00:31:40,855 Mainstream pharmaceutical companies 554 00:31:40,899 --> 00:31:42,639 play an important role in -- 555 00:31:42,683 --> 00:31:45,468 in this whole global production chain. 556 00:31:45,512 --> 00:31:49,472 They don't knowingly sell these amphetamines to drug dealers, 557 00:31:49,516 --> 00:31:51,300 but, I mean, that is the source 558 00:31:51,344 --> 00:31:53,346 that methamphetamine is made from. 559 00:31:55,652 --> 00:31:58,307 I did work for a number of large manufacturers 560 00:31:58,351 --> 00:32:00,657 over my 15-year tenure in the industry, 561 00:32:00,701 --> 00:32:03,269 and what I saw was that market share 562 00:32:03,312 --> 00:32:06,054 and the profit and bottom line, 563 00:32:06,098 --> 00:32:09,666 you know, getting the sales for the shareholders, 564 00:32:09,710 --> 00:32:11,973 was the primary motivation of each company. 565 00:32:14,236 --> 00:32:16,847 But Arnold needs industrial amounts of chemicals, 566 00:32:16,891 --> 00:32:19,807 so she uses her used car lot as a front. 567 00:32:19,850 --> 00:32:22,505 I could order any of the chemicals I needed. 568 00:32:22,549 --> 00:32:24,725 So I'd -- I'd get a 55-gallon drum. 569 00:32:24,768 --> 00:32:27,032 It cost me $55,000. 570 00:32:27,075 --> 00:32:28,859 They'd deliver it. 571 00:32:28,903 --> 00:32:30,992 The money starts rolling in. 572 00:32:31,036 --> 00:32:34,430 She buys a dirt-track racing car, a 140-acre ranch, 573 00:32:34,474 --> 00:32:37,042 and 50 race horses. 574 00:32:37,085 --> 00:32:39,609 I'm driving around in Ottumwa, Iowa, 575 00:32:39,653 --> 00:32:42,569 with a red Jaguar and diamonds all over my hand 576 00:32:42,612 --> 00:32:45,746 and got all these houses, and it's pretty obvious, 577 00:32:45,789 --> 00:32:48,923 but, you know, as long as nobody's getting hurt, 578 00:32:48,967 --> 00:32:50,751 you know, I'm not doing anything wrong, 579 00:32:50,794 --> 00:32:53,623 because I'm helping people live, you know? 580 00:32:53,667 --> 00:32:55,060 I'm helping the economy. 581 00:32:57,062 --> 00:32:59,020 But Federal agents have been tracking 582 00:32:59,064 --> 00:33:01,370 Arnold's California connections, 583 00:33:01,414 --> 00:33:03,416 and they've also been watching her. 584 00:33:03,459 --> 00:33:05,722 We'd been partying like a week straight. 585 00:33:07,637 --> 00:33:09,900 They waited till everybody went to bed. 586 00:33:18,735 --> 00:33:20,346 -FBI! FBI! -FBI! 587 00:33:22,174 --> 00:33:23,914 Hands where I can see them! 588 00:33:23,958 --> 00:33:26,743 I woke up with a guy sitting on top of me. 589 00:33:26,787 --> 00:33:28,354 All I felt was something on my head, 590 00:33:28,397 --> 00:33:30,660 and his gun barrel's resting on my forehead. 591 00:33:30,704 --> 00:33:32,619 Up! Up! Up! 592 00:33:32,662 --> 00:33:34,316 Hands where I can see them! Hands where I can see them! 593 00:33:34,360 --> 00:33:37,145 Looked around. I'm like, "Okay, I got FBI. I got DEA. 594 00:33:37,189 --> 00:33:40,366 I got OPD." I said, "Where's AC/DC at?" you know, 595 00:33:40,409 --> 00:33:42,542 trying to make a, you know, lighter situation 596 00:33:42,585 --> 00:33:43,412 out of the whole thing. 597 00:33:53,292 --> 00:33:57,426 The Feds charged me with 350 pounds of meth 598 00:33:57,470 --> 00:34:01,648 and $10 million in money laundering. 599 00:34:01,691 --> 00:34:05,173 Nobody wants to be a drug dealer, I mean, I don't think. 600 00:34:05,217 --> 00:34:07,306 That's not what your goal is in life. 601 00:34:09,656 --> 00:34:11,919 So I thought, "Everybody gets bond, you know? 602 00:34:11,962 --> 00:34:13,051 So I'll get bonded out. No big deal." 603 00:34:13,094 --> 00:34:15,096 Mnh-mnh. 604 00:34:15,140 --> 00:34:17,707 Nope. I didn't go home for 20 years. 605 00:34:17,751 --> 00:34:19,187 It's like -- 606 00:34:19,231 --> 00:34:20,971 So, yeah, it was crazy. 607 00:34:23,104 --> 00:34:25,063 And Lori Arnold's story 608 00:34:25,106 --> 00:34:28,022 is sort of a-an exemplar story 609 00:34:28,066 --> 00:34:30,285 of the irony of the War on Drugs. 610 00:34:30,329 --> 00:34:33,245 We're a country that we pride ourselves 611 00:34:33,288 --> 00:34:35,116 on our entrepreneurial spirit. 612 00:34:35,160 --> 00:34:37,858 And yet we're completely baffled 613 00:34:37,901 --> 00:34:39,686 when we look at somebody like Lori Arnold 614 00:34:39,729 --> 00:34:41,470 and ask, "Well, why would this nice person 615 00:34:41,514 --> 00:34:44,517 from the Midwest get into drug dealing?" 616 00:34:44,560 --> 00:34:46,388 Well, she was an American. 617 00:34:46,432 --> 00:34:49,652 It unleashed the animal spirits of -- of her capitalism. 618 00:34:49,696 --> 00:34:53,526 And meth, in -- in the short term for her, 619 00:34:53,569 --> 00:34:56,833 had a -- it had a wonderful effect on her life. 620 00:34:56,877 --> 00:34:58,835 And -- And then it destroyed it, of course. 621 00:35:19,073 --> 00:35:20,988 Eventually, the DEA 622 00:35:21,031 --> 00:35:24,470 will begin a sweeping crackdown on domestic meth producers. 623 00:35:30,345 --> 00:35:33,131 But new, more powerful forces 624 00:35:33,174 --> 00:35:35,742 are about to move in to the meth business. 625 00:35:35,785 --> 00:35:38,658 The drug market in the United States 626 00:35:38,701 --> 00:35:40,660 is constantly changing. 627 00:35:40,703 --> 00:35:42,705 You will see that the Mexican cartels 628 00:35:42,749 --> 00:35:44,446 take over the meth market 629 00:35:44,490 --> 00:35:45,795 in the United States 630 00:35:45,839 --> 00:35:47,275 from what was originally 631 00:35:47,319 --> 00:35:49,190 a domestic operation 632 00:35:49,234 --> 00:35:52,193 and expand their authority over the drug trade. 633 00:36:01,681 --> 00:36:03,987 O0 C1 634 00:36:08,601 --> 00:36:10,733 Deep in the heart of the Santa Monica Mountains, 635 00:36:10,777 --> 00:36:12,300 just north of Los Angeles, 636 00:36:12,344 --> 00:36:13,997 the War on Drugs 637 00:36:14,041 --> 00:36:16,565 is about to find an unlikely victim... 638 00:36:19,089 --> 00:36:22,615 ...Donald P. Scott, an eccentric 61-year-old millionaire 639 00:36:22,658 --> 00:36:25,444 who lives on a sprawling 200-acre ranch 640 00:36:25,487 --> 00:36:29,012 he calls Trail's End. 641 00:36:29,056 --> 00:36:33,060 On the morning of October 2, 1992... 642 00:36:33,103 --> 00:36:34,714 Police department! 643 00:36:34,757 --> 00:36:36,150 ...heavily armed policemen 644 00:36:36,194 --> 00:36:38,805 smash through Scott's front door. 645 00:36:38,848 --> 00:36:40,937 Scott comes rushing downstairs 646 00:36:40,981 --> 00:36:43,505 with the pistol he keeps for home protection. 647 00:36:47,292 --> 00:36:49,468 Before he can understand what's happening, 648 00:36:49,511 --> 00:36:54,516 police shoot Scott two times in the chest and arm. 649 00:36:54,560 --> 00:36:56,953 Yes, this is the Los Angeles County sheriff's department. 650 00:36:56,997 --> 00:37:00,566 Uh, we have a, uh -- We have a gunshot victim here. 651 00:37:00,609 --> 00:37:04,309 Scott dies almost immediately. 652 00:37:04,352 --> 00:37:06,963 The police claim Scott was growing marijuana, 653 00:37:07,007 --> 00:37:08,356 and they attempt to take possession 654 00:37:08,400 --> 00:37:10,271 of the dead man's ranch 655 00:37:10,315 --> 00:37:13,709 using a powerful weapon in the War on Drugs' arsenal -- 656 00:37:13,753 --> 00:37:15,711 civil asset forfeiture. 657 00:37:15,755 --> 00:37:18,018 The laws allow federal and state authorities 658 00:37:18,061 --> 00:37:20,107 to seize money and property 659 00:37:20,150 --> 00:37:22,414 allegedly associated with a crime. 660 00:37:22,457 --> 00:37:26,722 Civil asset forfeiture is the idea that not the individual, 661 00:37:26,766 --> 00:37:29,682 but property can be charged with a crime, 662 00:37:29,725 --> 00:37:32,728 prosecuted, taken in by the government, 663 00:37:32,772 --> 00:37:35,514 and then law enforcement gets to keep 664 00:37:35,557 --> 00:37:38,517 almost all of those assets within law enforcement itself. 665 00:37:40,170 --> 00:37:42,390 The Donald Scott case shows the potential dangers 666 00:37:42,434 --> 00:37:45,741 of asset forfeiture laws. 667 00:37:45,785 --> 00:37:47,569 When no evidence of drug activity 668 00:37:47,613 --> 00:37:49,571 is found on the property, 669 00:37:49,615 --> 00:37:53,227 the Ventura County District Attorney's office investigates. 670 00:37:53,271 --> 00:37:55,490 They conclude that one of the motivations 671 00:37:55,534 --> 00:37:59,189 behind the raid was the seizure of Scott's land. 672 00:38:01,670 --> 00:38:03,803 The police don't succeed in seizing the ranch 673 00:38:03,846 --> 00:38:05,500 from Donald Scott's widow. 674 00:38:05,544 --> 00:38:08,111 But the case is just one of a growing trend 675 00:38:08,155 --> 00:38:10,549 in the War on Drugs. 676 00:38:16,642 --> 00:38:19,297 It's almost a separate reality. 677 00:38:19,340 --> 00:38:23,736 People can get arrested and have their property seized. 678 00:38:23,779 --> 00:38:25,781 They may never be convicted of a crime. 679 00:38:25,825 --> 00:38:29,698 They may actually never even be charged with a crime, 680 00:38:29,742 --> 00:38:32,353 but their home could be taken from them. 681 00:38:32,397 --> 00:38:34,355 Their car could be taken from them 682 00:38:34,399 --> 00:38:35,965 if in fact they were believed 683 00:38:36,009 --> 00:38:38,664 to have been involved in criminal activity. 684 00:38:38,707 --> 00:38:42,363 By 2014, authorities will take in more money 685 00:38:42,407 --> 00:38:44,365 through civil asset forfeiture 686 00:38:44,409 --> 00:38:47,629 than was stolen in all burglaries across the country. 687 00:38:52,373 --> 00:38:55,202 Cash, homes, cars, and entire estates 688 00:38:55,245 --> 00:38:56,812 are taken by authorities 689 00:38:56,856 --> 00:38:59,815 from people they say are involved in drugs. 690 00:38:59,859 --> 00:39:01,426 Police! Down! 691 00:39:01,469 --> 00:39:03,166 Police! Down! Police! Down! 692 00:39:03,210 --> 00:39:05,125 Police! Down! 693 00:39:12,350 --> 00:39:15,570 The 1992 presidential campaign. 694 00:39:15,614 --> 00:39:19,139 A young candidate promises a new era in American politics. 695 00:39:19,182 --> 00:39:20,445 -Hiya, lady. -Hi. 696 00:39:20,488 --> 00:39:22,403 -What's your name? -Destiny. 697 00:39:22,447 --> 00:39:24,971 -Destiny! -Destiny. What a wonderful name. 698 00:39:25,014 --> 00:39:27,277 Boy, are we glad to meet you. 699 00:39:27,321 --> 00:39:28,801 We've been looking for you for months. 700 00:39:28,844 --> 00:39:31,760 William Jefferson Clinton. 701 00:39:31,804 --> 00:39:33,893 Raised in rural Arkansas, 702 00:39:33,936 --> 00:39:36,678 Clinton rises to become governor of the state, 703 00:39:36,722 --> 00:39:39,899 then the Democratic Party's breakout star. 704 00:39:39,942 --> 00:39:44,382 I want every person in this hall 705 00:39:44,425 --> 00:39:47,428 and every person in this land 706 00:39:47,472 --> 00:39:50,649 to reach out and join us in a great new adventure. 707 00:39:54,957 --> 00:39:57,046 He plays saxophone. 708 00:39:57,090 --> 00:39:59,397 He was more down and more black 709 00:39:59,440 --> 00:40:01,007 than George Bush. 710 00:40:01,050 --> 00:40:02,356 So he was deemed 711 00:40:02,400 --> 00:40:04,445 as the first black president 712 00:40:04,489 --> 00:40:05,664 because he smoked weed 713 00:40:05,707 --> 00:40:07,056 and he played the saxophone. 714 00:40:11,104 --> 00:40:14,412 But when Clinton's challenged over his alleged marijuana use, 715 00:40:14,455 --> 00:40:17,327 it becomes a defining moment of his career. 716 00:40:17,371 --> 00:40:20,374 I experimented with marijuana a time or two, 717 00:40:20,418 --> 00:40:22,507 and I didn't like it 718 00:40:22,550 --> 00:40:24,857 and didn't inhale and never tried it again. 719 00:40:24,900 --> 00:40:27,903 St. - If he answered, "Yes, I did use marijuana," 720 00:40:27,947 --> 00:40:32,386 he lost older Democrats who would have voted for him. 721 00:40:32,430 --> 00:40:34,867 If he said, "No, I didn't use marijuana," 722 00:40:34,910 --> 00:40:36,477 he lost baby boomers 723 00:40:36,521 --> 00:40:39,480 and younger folks who don't believe him. 724 00:40:39,524 --> 00:40:43,092 So the perfect answer ultimately became, "Yes, I did, 725 00:40:43,136 --> 00:40:44,920 but, no, I didn't inhale." 726 00:40:44,964 --> 00:40:49,185 Clinton, um, was sort of at the head of a parade 727 00:40:49,229 --> 00:40:51,623 of disingenuous baby boomers 728 00:40:51,666 --> 00:40:55,453 about their marijuana use or drug use in general. 729 00:40:55,496 --> 00:40:58,281 But Clinton can't escape the drug issue. 730 00:40:58,325 --> 00:41:01,328 The crack epidemic is in full swing, 731 00:41:01,371 --> 00:41:04,723 and the crime rate is nearly the highest in American history, 732 00:41:04,766 --> 00:41:08,509 with over 2 million violent crimes in 1993 alone. 733 00:41:12,905 --> 00:41:15,473 There is a combination 734 00:41:15,516 --> 00:41:17,866 of exaggeration and hype 735 00:41:17,910 --> 00:41:19,825 and also real crisis. 736 00:41:19,868 --> 00:41:22,958 This is when crime rates 737 00:41:23,002 --> 00:41:25,787 actually peak in the United States, 738 00:41:25,831 --> 00:41:27,615 and at the time, 739 00:41:27,659 --> 00:41:29,530 people didn't know that it was the peak, right? 740 00:41:29,574 --> 00:41:32,620 They thought maybe it was gonna go up, up, and up. 741 00:41:32,664 --> 00:41:37,625 A lot of us perceived who Clinton was, 742 00:41:37,669 --> 00:41:40,062 and, you know, it's like the great white hope 743 00:41:40,106 --> 00:41:41,194 for the black community. 744 00:41:41,237 --> 00:41:42,891 ...do solemnly swear. 745 00:41:42,935 --> 00:41:46,852 I, William Jefferson Clinton, do solemnly swear. 746 00:41:46,895 --> 00:41:48,767 Bill Clinton comes into office 747 00:41:48,810 --> 00:41:51,639 but faces too much pushback 748 00:41:51,683 --> 00:41:57,906 and, by 1994, is presiding over 749 00:41:57,950 --> 00:42:02,084 the biggest, baddest omnibus criminal justice bill 750 00:42:02,128 --> 00:42:03,521 of the War on Drugs. 751 00:42:03,564 --> 00:42:05,653 For six years, 752 00:42:05,697 --> 00:42:09,744 Washington debated a crime bill without action 753 00:42:09,788 --> 00:42:12,617 while more and more children died 754 00:42:12,660 --> 00:42:15,968 and more and more children became criminals. 755 00:42:16,011 --> 00:42:18,884 But today, at last, 756 00:42:18,927 --> 00:42:21,495 the waiting ends. 757 00:42:28,763 --> 00:42:31,636 Clinton passes the 1994 Violent Crime Control 758 00:42:31,679 --> 00:42:33,725 and Law Enforcement Act. 759 00:42:33,768 --> 00:42:36,031 It puts 100,000 more cops on the streets 760 00:42:36,075 --> 00:42:39,208 and earmarks billions for new prisons. 761 00:42:39,252 --> 00:42:44,039 There was a choice, and the answer was more drug war. 762 00:42:44,083 --> 00:42:46,825 That's the story of the Clinton drug war. 763 00:42:46,868 --> 00:42:51,264 The ironic thing about it is that as Clinton was passing 764 00:42:51,307 --> 00:42:54,615 the Omnibus Crime Control Act of '94, 765 00:42:54,659 --> 00:42:56,356 at the same time, 766 00:42:56,399 --> 00:43:02,188 he gave international drug traffickers a huge gift. 767 00:43:02,231 --> 00:43:05,800 A new trade agreement will open the doors for Mexican cartels 768 00:43:05,844 --> 00:43:09,195 to send massive amounts of drugs across the border. 769 00:43:11,545 --> 00:43:14,287 And a drug lord will start eliminating the competition 770 00:43:14,330 --> 00:43:17,072 to control the lucrative trade. 771 00:43:31,391 --> 00:43:36,004 Cancun, one of Mexico's most popular resort towns. 772 00:43:36,048 --> 00:43:38,180 -Hey, mum. -Hi, there. 773 00:43:38,224 --> 00:43:39,573 Had a good time on the beach here. 774 00:43:39,617 --> 00:43:42,271 -Wish you were here. -It's 35 degrees. 775 00:43:42,315 --> 00:43:44,012 Sue's having a good birthday, I think, yeah? 776 00:43:44,056 --> 00:43:45,144 Yeah. 777 00:43:46,624 --> 00:43:48,364 But among the tourists 778 00:43:48,408 --> 00:43:51,193 is one of the country's most wanted drug traffickers, 779 00:43:51,237 --> 00:43:54,109 on the run with his family in tow. 780 00:44:04,119 --> 00:44:05,643 Assassins have just killed 781 00:44:05,686 --> 00:44:09,037 the Juárez Cartel's Rafael Aguilar Guajardo, 782 00:44:09,081 --> 00:44:11,823 one of Mexico's most powerful drug lords 783 00:44:11,866 --> 00:44:14,173 and left his son critically wounded. 784 00:44:16,610 --> 00:44:18,307 When police arrest the killers, 785 00:44:18,351 --> 00:44:21,702 they learn they were hired by one of his own. 786 00:44:21,746 --> 00:44:25,837 Amado Carrillo Fuentes has now taken full control 787 00:44:25,880 --> 00:44:28,013 of the Juárez Cartel. 788 00:44:31,364 --> 00:44:33,409 Juárez was really the most important border city 789 00:44:33,453 --> 00:44:35,020 when it came to smuggling drugs. 790 00:44:35,063 --> 00:44:37,065 It's not much to look at, but for drug traffickers, 791 00:44:37,109 --> 00:44:40,721 this is an absolute Shangri-la. 792 00:44:40,765 --> 00:44:43,724 Juárez, Mexico, is just on the other side of the border 793 00:44:43,768 --> 00:44:45,334 from El Paso, Texas, 794 00:44:45,378 --> 00:44:47,989 making it the perfect hub for drug trafficking. 795 00:44:51,297 --> 00:44:52,864 The history of drug smuggling 796 00:44:52,907 --> 00:44:56,084 is all about securing trade routes, 797 00:44:56,128 --> 00:44:58,043 from the Mafia's control of Havana 798 00:44:58,086 --> 00:45:00,349 to move their French Connection heroin, 799 00:45:00,393 --> 00:45:03,178 to the CIA's secret bases in Laos 800 00:45:03,222 --> 00:45:05,572 where opium was trafficked by the ton 801 00:45:05,615 --> 00:45:07,835 by its Air America airlines, 802 00:45:07,879 --> 00:45:10,838 to Carlos Lehder's Bahamian private island, 803 00:45:10,882 --> 00:45:13,145 a way station for the Medellín Cartel's 804 00:45:13,188 --> 00:45:16,148 cocaine smuggling into Florida. 805 00:45:16,191 --> 00:45:18,498 Now under Carrillo's leadership, 806 00:45:18,541 --> 00:45:21,719 the Juárez Cartel is on the front door of the U.S. 807 00:45:24,069 --> 00:45:25,635 Along the entire border, 808 00:45:25,679 --> 00:45:28,595 of course there will be smaller amounts 809 00:45:28,638 --> 00:45:30,858 that are transported by motorcycles 810 00:45:30,902 --> 00:45:33,208 and any type of vehicle, but the large amounts 811 00:45:33,252 --> 00:45:35,036 in the tractor trailers, 812 00:45:35,080 --> 00:45:38,518 they all move toward a type of choke point. 813 00:45:38,561 --> 00:45:42,565 Juárez is connected to many of the larger byways 814 00:45:42,609 --> 00:45:47,788 that allow for the movement of larger amounts to the North. 815 00:45:47,832 --> 00:45:49,790 As Carrillo consolidates his power 816 00:45:49,834 --> 00:45:52,184 in the strategic city of Juárez, 817 00:45:52,227 --> 00:45:54,839 his main suppliers in Cali, Colombia, 818 00:45:54,882 --> 00:45:57,319 launch a dirty war against their rival. 819 00:45:59,887 --> 00:46:02,281 The Cali Cartel's primary mission in life 820 00:46:02,324 --> 00:46:03,848 is to get rid of Pablo Escobar, 821 00:46:03,891 --> 00:46:05,675 so they form this group called the Pepes, 822 00:46:05,719 --> 00:46:08,069 the People Persecuted By Pablo Escobar. 823 00:46:08,113 --> 00:46:10,506 And they began doing what... 824 00:46:10,550 --> 00:46:12,247 the police hadn't been willing to do 825 00:46:12,291 --> 00:46:14,032 or DEA hadn't been willing to do. 826 00:46:14,075 --> 00:46:16,512 Los Pepes torture and kill 827 00:46:16,556 --> 00:46:18,514 Escobar's lawyers and accountants. 828 00:46:18,558 --> 00:46:20,908 They burn his antique car collection, 829 00:46:20,952 --> 00:46:24,216 kill his race horses and their trainers, 830 00:46:24,259 --> 00:46:27,523 and attempt to destroy everything he loves. 831 00:46:27,567 --> 00:46:32,485 And there's accusations they have help. 832 00:46:32,528 --> 00:46:35,793 The DEA had contact with some of the Pepes. 833 00:46:35,836 --> 00:46:39,187 What they needed was for the DEA and the police 834 00:46:39,231 --> 00:46:40,710 to stand out of the way 835 00:46:40,754 --> 00:46:41,973 and let them do what they wanted to do. 836 00:46:47,935 --> 00:46:49,763 Under pressure from Los Pepes 837 00:46:49,807 --> 00:46:51,983 and the U.S. and Colombian governments, 838 00:46:52,026 --> 00:46:54,899 Escobar finally makes a mistake. 839 00:47:01,209 --> 00:47:04,473 A traced phone call leads the DEA and the Colombian police 840 00:47:04,517 --> 00:47:06,519 to a quiet Medellín neighborhood. 841 00:47:13,613 --> 00:47:17,704 Police have searched over 15,000 houses looking for Escobar. 842 00:47:17,747 --> 00:47:21,708 This time, they kick down the right door. 843 00:47:21,751 --> 00:47:23,884 Escobar realized that it was pretty much over, 844 00:47:23,928 --> 00:47:25,364 and he couldn't go back to prison, 845 00:47:25,407 --> 00:47:28,149 so his options were to die or to die. 846 00:47:30,673 --> 00:47:34,721 He hears the police downstairs and climbs out on the roof. 847 00:47:34,764 --> 00:47:36,331 But he's surrounded. 848 00:47:40,858 --> 00:47:43,382 And the most famous drug lord in history 849 00:47:43,425 --> 00:47:45,427 goes down for good. 850 00:47:56,221 --> 00:47:58,049 When Pablo Escobar was finally killed, 851 00:47:58,092 --> 00:47:59,920 thousands of people turned up to his funeral 852 00:47:59,964 --> 00:48:01,269 to pay their respects, 853 00:48:01,313 --> 00:48:02,880 despite the fact that this was a guy 854 00:48:02,923 --> 00:48:04,838 who had terrorized Colombia for years. 855 00:48:04,882 --> 00:48:07,841 He was responsible for the murders of thousands of people. 856 00:48:07,885 --> 00:48:10,322 And yet his public image really was quite strong. 857 00:48:12,628 --> 00:48:14,935 It was a rainy day, 858 00:48:14,979 --> 00:48:17,285 and there was a little chapel. 859 00:48:18,983 --> 00:48:20,636 And everybody's pushing in around the chapel, 860 00:48:20,680 --> 00:48:23,248 to the degree they broke all the windows in the chapel. 861 00:48:23,291 --> 00:48:25,250 And at the top of this little knoll 862 00:48:25,293 --> 00:48:26,904 is, uh, Pablo Escobar's mother. 863 00:48:29,384 --> 00:48:31,560 She started yelling, "Those are journalists, 864 00:48:31,604 --> 00:48:34,520 and they're responsible for the death of my son!" 865 00:48:34,563 --> 00:48:36,130 We thought we were just gonna be there 866 00:48:36,174 --> 00:48:38,350 sort of taking notes and observing. 867 00:48:38,393 --> 00:48:40,004 And suddenly, people just turned on us, 868 00:48:40,047 --> 00:48:42,136 and they were spitting at us, kicking us. 869 00:48:42,180 --> 00:48:43,964 And we were trying to get out 870 00:48:44,008 --> 00:48:45,966 as best we could, but it was so slippery. 871 00:48:46,010 --> 00:48:47,925 We kept falling on the -- on the wet grass. 872 00:48:47,968 --> 00:48:49,491 And what I remember is this sort of sense of panic. 873 00:48:49,535 --> 00:48:51,189 These guys were actually gonna kill us. 874 00:48:51,232 --> 00:48:52,799 And the wom-- And the mother just kept screaming. 875 00:48:52,842 --> 00:48:54,627 She just wouldn't stop. 876 00:48:54,670 --> 00:48:56,803 And we're like, "Man, we -- we need to get out of here." 877 00:49:01,025 --> 00:49:03,331 Cocaine will be made and sold in Colombia 878 00:49:03,375 --> 00:49:05,943 long after Escobar's death. 879 00:49:05,986 --> 00:49:07,335 But as Colombian authorities 880 00:49:07,379 --> 00:49:09,816 continue pressuring their cartels, 881 00:49:09,859 --> 00:49:13,820 the power and wealth shifts north to the Mexican drug lords. 882 00:49:13,863 --> 00:49:15,822 And they're about to get some unexpected help 883 00:49:15,865 --> 00:49:19,391 from an American president who claimed he never inhaled. 884 00:49:24,874 --> 00:49:28,008 The North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA, 885 00:49:28,052 --> 00:49:30,010 is sold as a boon for corporations 886 00:49:30,054 --> 00:49:31,664 looking to make goods cheaper 887 00:49:31,707 --> 00:49:34,710 and get them to market faster. 888 00:49:34,754 --> 00:49:36,669 This is our opportunity 889 00:49:36,712 --> 00:49:37,844 to provide an impetus 890 00:49:37,887 --> 00:49:39,106 to freedom and democracy 891 00:49:39,150 --> 00:49:40,281 in Latin America 892 00:49:40,325 --> 00:49:41,326 and create new jobs 893 00:49:41,369 --> 00:49:42,544 for America, as well. 894 00:49:42,588 --> 00:49:43,806 It's a good deal, 895 00:49:43,850 --> 00:49:44,938 and we ought to take it. 896 00:49:44,982 --> 00:49:45,983 Thank you. 897 00:49:47,810 --> 00:49:50,988 To this day, politicians are still facing blowback 898 00:49:51,031 --> 00:49:53,294 from the NAFTA vote, so Bill Clinton knows 899 00:49:53,338 --> 00:49:55,644 that this is going to be extremely close. 900 00:49:55,688 --> 00:49:58,734 And he orders he-- the DEA 901 00:49:58,778 --> 00:50:02,303 and his drug advisers not to say word one 902 00:50:02,347 --> 00:50:06,264 about what the effect of NAFTA is going to be. 903 00:50:06,307 --> 00:50:09,049 If the drug policy concerns had been able to be aired 904 00:50:09,093 --> 00:50:11,095 at the time, it's quite likely 905 00:50:11,138 --> 00:50:14,359 that -- that NAFTA would have failed. 906 00:50:14,402 --> 00:50:16,013 Narrator: NAFTA passes. 907 00:50:16,056 --> 00:50:18,885 Restrictions on trade are all but eliminated, 908 00:50:18,928 --> 00:50:22,193 and economies on both sides of the border benefit. 909 00:50:22,236 --> 00:50:25,761 But few benefit more than Mexico's drug traffickers. 910 00:50:31,724 --> 00:50:35,858 The border is not a line in the sand. It's a zone. 911 00:50:35,902 --> 00:50:37,643 And everything that happens in that zone 912 00:50:37,686 --> 00:50:39,688 is different than what happens outside of it. 913 00:50:39,732 --> 00:50:43,388 The rules are different, the game is different -- everything. 914 00:50:43,431 --> 00:50:44,650 Corruption and the drug trade, 915 00:50:44,693 --> 00:50:46,347 they're all kind of intermixed. 916 00:50:49,002 --> 00:50:52,527 It's the dawn of a new era in the War on Drugs. 917 00:50:52,571 --> 00:50:56,966 At the crossing between El Paso, Texas, and Juárez, Mexico, 918 00:50:57,010 --> 00:51:01,145 thousands of trucks stream across the border. 919 00:51:01,188 --> 00:51:03,973 It doesn't take long for the cartels to think up ways 920 00:51:04,017 --> 00:51:07,890 to beat the overwhelmed border agents. 921 00:51:07,934 --> 00:51:10,110 When Customs agents make a bust, 922 00:51:10,154 --> 00:51:14,071 sometimes it's all part of the cartels' plan. 923 00:51:14,114 --> 00:51:16,943 De la Cruz: They will go to the individual driver, 924 00:51:16,986 --> 00:51:18,684 and they'll say, "Look, 925 00:51:18,727 --> 00:51:21,339 you're gonna be the pitfall. 926 00:51:21,382 --> 00:51:23,471 But we're gonna take care of your family. 927 00:51:23,515 --> 00:51:25,125 And we're gonna take care of you." 928 00:51:25,169 --> 00:51:28,520 So they lose a small shipment 929 00:51:28,563 --> 00:51:32,306 compared to these other large shipments. 930 00:51:32,350 --> 00:51:34,743 Let's say you have 1,400 trucks, 931 00:51:34,787 --> 00:51:37,920 and let's say that 400 of them are crossing 932 00:51:37,964 --> 00:51:40,009 2 or 3 tons of drugs. 933 00:51:40,053 --> 00:51:42,273 And let's say that the Immigration 934 00:51:42,316 --> 00:51:45,276 stops 10 of the trucks. 935 00:51:45,319 --> 00:51:47,147 That's nothing. 936 00:51:47,191 --> 00:51:52,239 NAFTA was a dream for the drug cartels. 937 00:51:52,283 --> 00:51:55,024 Drugs is big money, 938 00:51:55,068 --> 00:51:57,853 and NAFTA was big money 939 00:51:57,897 --> 00:52:01,553 and continues to be big money. 940 00:52:05,252 --> 00:52:09,213 And no one benefits more than Amado Carrillo Fuentes. 941 00:52:09,256 --> 00:52:12,303 With NAFTA in effect and Escobar dead, 942 00:52:12,346 --> 00:52:16,959 Carrillo has a clear path to the top of the drug trade. 943 00:52:17,003 --> 00:52:20,789 He knew that money can buy everything in Mexico. 944 00:52:22,878 --> 00:52:25,185 He was like a Robin Hood. 945 00:52:25,229 --> 00:52:29,842 He was nice to everybody, and everybody was nice to him. 946 00:52:29,885 --> 00:52:33,062 That's why he has this big network of people 947 00:52:33,106 --> 00:52:34,368 who was protecting him. 948 00:52:46,467 --> 00:52:49,862 When DEA started pursuing Amado's wealth, 949 00:52:49,905 --> 00:52:51,429 his ill-gotten gains, 950 00:52:51,472 --> 00:52:54,910 Amado started feeling the pressure. 951 00:52:54,954 --> 00:52:58,697 Amado actually became a victim of his own wealth. 952 00:52:58,740 --> 00:53:00,220 There was too much money. 953 00:53:08,228 --> 00:53:10,448 O0 C1 954 00:53:10,491 --> 00:53:13,929 A nightclub in Seattle at the height of grunge rock. 955 00:53:17,150 --> 00:53:20,197 A powerful white powder made from a small, bright flower 956 00:53:20,240 --> 00:53:21,633 is the drug of choice. 957 00:53:31,164 --> 00:53:34,211 Are you okay? 958 00:53:34,254 --> 00:53:36,213 Somebody help! Help! 959 00:53:36,256 --> 00:53:37,736 Over the past year, 960 00:53:37,779 --> 00:53:41,392 Seattle has seen a huge increase in overdoses, 961 00:53:41,435 --> 00:53:44,264 all from one drug. 962 00:53:44,308 --> 00:53:46,440 Ally! Ally! 963 00:53:50,183 --> 00:53:52,316 When the voice of a generation, 964 00:53:52,359 --> 00:53:54,666 Nirvana's lead singer Kurt Cobain, 965 00:53:54,709 --> 00:53:57,277 kills himself with a shotgun, 966 00:53:57,321 --> 00:54:00,933 high levels of heroin are found in his blood. 967 00:54:00,976 --> 00:54:03,457 Heroin chic takes hold. 968 00:54:03,501 --> 00:54:05,590 The fashion industry helps transform it 969 00:54:05,633 --> 00:54:09,289 from a taboo drug into something cool. 970 00:54:09,333 --> 00:54:11,204 Heroin gains popularity 971 00:54:11,248 --> 00:54:14,773 across the decade's diverse subcultures. 972 00:54:14,816 --> 00:54:16,862 And this slacker generation is created. 973 00:54:16,905 --> 00:54:18,472 You know, the '90s, 974 00:54:18,516 --> 00:54:21,170 you get the grunge movement out of Seattle, 975 00:54:21,214 --> 00:54:25,958 and also, there's a bit of a '60s revivalism going on. 976 00:54:26,001 --> 00:54:28,221 The Grateful Dead had never stopped touring, 977 00:54:28,265 --> 00:54:30,919 but they're all of a sudden popular among kids again. 978 00:54:30,963 --> 00:54:33,313 And it's heroin that contributes to the death 979 00:54:33,357 --> 00:54:36,577 of the Dead's founding father, Jerry Garcia. 980 00:54:36,621 --> 00:54:39,232 Bill Clinton even calls it a culture of death. 981 00:54:39,276 --> 00:54:42,496 This is what happens to your brain after snorting heroin. 982 00:54:47,284 --> 00:54:48,894 But few people are aware 983 00:54:48,937 --> 00:54:51,853 that heroin is also fueling a conflict 984 00:54:51,897 --> 00:54:54,726 that's killing thousands half a world away. 985 00:55:11,177 --> 00:55:15,747 In Afghanistan, a civil war is locked in a bloody stalemate, 986 00:55:15,790 --> 00:55:18,227 and the country is near total collapse. 987 00:55:24,930 --> 00:55:28,934 An army of religious fanatics rise from the opium-rich south 988 00:55:28,977 --> 00:55:31,763 to bring order to the chaos. 989 00:55:31,806 --> 00:55:36,158 The Taliban were just simple village folk. 990 00:55:36,202 --> 00:55:39,379 Many of them could barely read. 991 00:55:39,423 --> 00:55:42,295 The Taliban are under the command of Mullah Omar. 992 00:55:42,339 --> 00:55:45,385 A top marksman who loses an eye in battle, 993 00:55:45,429 --> 00:55:48,388 his background is shrouded in mystery. 994 00:55:50,738 --> 00:55:52,436 The -- The -- The mythology, 995 00:55:52,479 --> 00:55:54,481 at least, is that some villagers 996 00:55:54,525 --> 00:55:58,485 outside of Kandahar approach Mullah Omar. 997 00:55:58,529 --> 00:56:00,618 They say, "Look, there's a local thug, a bandit 998 00:56:00,661 --> 00:56:03,925 who had been raping some girls and terrorizing villagers." 999 00:56:03,969 --> 00:56:08,103 And so, uh, Mullah Omar gathers up some of his friends, 1000 00:56:08,147 --> 00:56:10,367 and they go, they find this guy, and they hang him 1001 00:56:10,410 --> 00:56:13,413 from the barrel of a -- of an old, broken-down Soviet tank. 1002 00:56:13,457 --> 00:56:17,939 And they begin to shut down these petty, little warlords 1003 00:56:17,983 --> 00:56:21,595 one after the other. 1004 00:56:21,639 --> 00:56:25,120 But Mullah Omar knows the key to a Taliban victory 1005 00:56:25,164 --> 00:56:28,254 lies here in Afghanistan's largest cash crop... 1006 00:56:30,474 --> 00:56:32,301 ...the opium poppy. 1007 00:56:35,870 --> 00:56:37,481 Afghanistan is in the heart 1008 00:56:37,524 --> 00:56:40,179 of the so-called Golden Crescent, 1009 00:56:40,222 --> 00:56:43,225 a region rich in opium poppy cultivation. 1010 00:56:43,269 --> 00:56:45,227 But it wasn't always that way. 1011 00:56:45,271 --> 00:56:49,231 In the 1950s, the Soviet Union and the United States 1012 00:56:49,275 --> 00:56:51,495 are competing in a global Cold War 1013 00:56:51,538 --> 00:56:53,279 for power and influence. 1014 00:56:53,322 --> 00:56:55,847 Afghanistan was right on the -- the doorstep 1015 00:56:55,890 --> 00:56:58,110 of the Soviet empire. 1016 00:56:58,153 --> 00:57:01,418 Afghanistan successfully played both sides off 1017 00:57:01,461 --> 00:57:03,028 against the middle. 1018 00:57:03,071 --> 00:57:05,465 President Eisenhower authorizes 1019 00:57:05,509 --> 00:57:08,903 one of the largest aid packages in U.S. history. 1020 00:57:08,947 --> 00:57:13,038 The goal -- transform Afghanistan into a modern nation 1021 00:57:13,081 --> 00:57:15,475 and win its people over to our side. 1022 00:57:18,043 --> 00:57:22,874 America finances highways and entire cities. 1023 00:57:22,917 --> 00:57:26,355 New dams irrigate hundreds of thousands of acres. 1024 00:57:26,399 --> 00:57:29,620 Wheat, fruit, and cotton sprout from the desert. 1025 00:57:29,663 --> 00:57:31,491 But farmers soon begin to notice 1026 00:57:31,535 --> 00:57:33,928 the newly irrigated, salty soil 1027 00:57:33,972 --> 00:57:37,236 is perfect for another, much more profitable crop -- 1028 00:57:37,279 --> 00:57:40,413 the opium poppy. 1029 00:57:40,457 --> 00:57:42,676 The United States has inadvertently created 1030 00:57:42,720 --> 00:57:44,983 the perfect conditions for a drug boom 1031 00:57:45,026 --> 00:57:48,290 that will one day become entangled with a new war -- 1032 00:57:48,334 --> 00:57:50,205 a war on terror. 1033 00:57:54,427 --> 00:57:58,692 The seeds of terror are planted in 1979. 1034 00:57:58,736 --> 00:58:00,738 The Soviet Union has invaded Afghanistan 1035 00:58:00,781 --> 00:58:04,393 to prop up a failing Communist government. 1036 00:58:04,437 --> 00:58:06,700 And when President Reagan takes office, 1037 00:58:06,744 --> 00:58:11,313 Soviet aggression becomes one of his most pressing issues. 1038 00:58:11,357 --> 00:58:14,534 The Reagan administration starts thinking about, 1039 00:58:14,578 --> 00:58:17,276 "Okay, well, what can we do about this growing threat? 1040 00:58:17,319 --> 00:58:19,713 We -- We can't fight the Soviets head on. 1041 00:58:19,757 --> 00:58:23,195 We can back insurgency groups 1042 00:58:23,238 --> 00:58:25,327 that, even if they're not aligned with us, 1043 00:58:25,371 --> 00:58:28,461 they're at least against our enemies." 1044 00:58:28,505 --> 00:58:31,159 The U.S. government realizes, "Whoa. 1045 00:58:31,203 --> 00:58:33,161 This is a way 1046 00:58:33,205 --> 00:58:35,337 that we can give the Soviets their Vietnam." 1047 00:58:35,381 --> 00:58:38,993 The CIA begins financing a small force 1048 00:58:39,037 --> 00:58:42,040 of religious warriors known as the Mujahideen. 1049 00:58:56,271 --> 00:58:58,665 There's a-a wave of international volunteers 1050 00:58:58,709 --> 00:59:01,320 comes in to support the Mujahideen. 1051 00:59:01,363 --> 00:59:03,191 They are actually recruiting centers 1052 00:59:03,235 --> 00:59:05,454 for the Mujahideen in Brooklyn. 1053 00:59:05,498 --> 00:59:07,761 The Mujahideen had always been asking the Saudis, 1054 00:59:07,805 --> 00:59:10,242 who were sending money, said, "Send us a Saudi prince." 1055 00:59:10,285 --> 00:59:11,722 Apparently, none of the princes wanted to go, 1056 00:59:11,765 --> 00:59:13,593 so they send the next best thing -- 1057 00:59:13,637 --> 00:59:16,596 one of the sons of the top construction company 1058 00:59:16,640 --> 00:59:18,293 in Saudi Arabia. 1059 00:59:18,337 --> 00:59:20,687 Osama bin Laden is the 17th son 1060 00:59:20,731 --> 00:59:24,038 of one of the richest men in Saudi Arabia. 1061 00:59:24,082 --> 00:59:27,868 He helps finance a support group of Mujahideen fighters. 1062 00:59:27,912 --> 00:59:31,306 He calls it The Base, or Al-Qaeda. 1063 00:59:34,396 --> 00:59:36,355 The CIA looks the other direction 1064 00:59:36,398 --> 00:59:38,226 as its new Cold War allies 1065 00:59:38,270 --> 00:59:40,881 find alternative ways to finance their war. 1066 00:59:40,925 --> 00:59:45,016 The Mujahideen start collecting a poppy tax from farmers. 1067 00:59:47,496 --> 00:59:49,107 The United States was interested 1068 00:59:49,150 --> 00:59:53,111 in undermining the Soviet presence. 1069 00:59:53,154 --> 00:59:55,156 There was not as much an emphasis 1070 00:59:55,200 --> 00:59:57,115 put on the pursuit of drug traffickers. 1071 00:59:57,158 --> 00:59:59,117 In fact, there was none. 1072 00:59:59,160 --> 01:00:02,424 The Mujahideen send hundreds of tons of raw opium 1073 01:00:02,468 --> 01:00:05,950 to heroin labs across the border in Pakistan, 1074 01:00:05,993 --> 01:00:07,734 creating a million addicts 1075 01:00:07,778 --> 01:00:10,824 and feeding new habits in Europe and beyond. 1076 01:00:14,306 --> 01:00:16,700 After a decade of war, 1077 01:00:16,743 --> 01:00:18,963 the Soviet Union pulls its troops out... 1078 01:00:20,704 --> 01:00:23,315 ...a superpower defeated by a small guerrilla force 1079 01:00:23,358 --> 01:00:26,274 financed by the CIA and drugs. 1080 01:00:35,153 --> 01:00:37,198 In the wake of the Soviet retreat, 1081 01:00:37,242 --> 01:00:40,462 Afghanistan devolves into civil war, 1082 01:00:40,506 --> 01:00:43,596 and many former Mujahideen find a new cause -- 1083 01:00:43,640 --> 01:00:45,163 the Taliban. 1084 01:00:47,339 --> 01:00:50,864 Mullah Omar's Taliban take the capital, Kabul. 1085 01:00:50,908 --> 01:00:53,954 And like the Mujahideen before it, 1086 01:00:53,998 --> 01:00:57,523 the Taliban use opium to finance their goals. 1087 01:00:57,566 --> 01:00:59,960 There were edicts that said, "It's not a sin 1088 01:01:00,004 --> 01:01:02,528 to sell drugs to nonbelievers, 1089 01:01:02,571 --> 01:01:04,573 but you shouldn't do drugs yourself." 1090 01:01:04,617 --> 01:01:08,099 So they allow the people to -- to grow poppy, and they tax it. 1091 01:01:10,362 --> 01:01:13,713 The country is now a religious narco state. 1092 01:01:13,757 --> 01:01:16,716 The Taliban begin executing women for adultery 1093 01:01:16,760 --> 01:01:18,892 and destroying ancient monuments. 1094 01:01:23,201 --> 01:01:25,725 And Mullah Omar welcomes back his old friend 1095 01:01:25,769 --> 01:01:30,077 Osama bin Laden and his al-Qaeda network. 1096 01:01:30,121 --> 01:01:33,994 The colossally tragic irony 1097 01:01:34,038 --> 01:01:38,172 is that our efforts in Afghanistan 1098 01:01:38,216 --> 01:01:41,567 to help them defeat the Soviets during the Cold War 1099 01:01:41,610 --> 01:01:43,787 laid the groundwork for the war 1100 01:01:43,830 --> 01:01:46,485 that we would then have to fight, the War on Terror. 1101 01:02:04,503 --> 01:02:05,852 While Afghanistan 1102 01:02:05,896 --> 01:02:07,288 is deteriorating into a narco state... 1103 01:02:09,377 --> 01:02:13,120 ...and Mexico is not far behind... 1104 01:02:13,164 --> 01:02:17,298 back home, the War on Drugs is starting to see results. 1105 01:02:19,213 --> 01:02:21,738 Our great challenge is to take our streets back 1106 01:02:21,781 --> 01:02:24,044 from crime and gangs and drugs. 1107 01:02:24,088 --> 01:02:25,524 In New York City, 1108 01:02:25,567 --> 01:02:27,134 murders are down 25%. 1109 01:02:27,178 --> 01:02:28,701 In St. Louis, 18%. 1110 01:02:28,745 --> 01:02:31,051 In Seattle, 32%. 1111 01:02:31,095 --> 01:02:33,967 The Crime Bill of 1994 is critical. 1112 01:02:34,011 --> 01:02:36,448 Let us stick with the strategy that's working 1113 01:02:36,491 --> 01:02:39,799 and keep the crime rate coming down. 1114 01:02:39,843 --> 01:02:42,715 After reaching all-time highs in the early '90s, 1115 01:02:42,759 --> 01:02:45,500 crime is down across the country. 1116 01:02:45,544 --> 01:02:47,372 But the effects of President Clinton's 1117 01:02:47,415 --> 01:02:50,984 get-tough policies are just beginning to be felt. 1118 01:02:58,862 --> 01:03:01,212 Come on, man. I'm studying. 1119 01:03:01,255 --> 01:03:03,692 Douglas Lindsay, 1120 01:03:03,736 --> 01:03:06,826 a 26-year-old army veteran making his way through college 1121 01:03:06,870 --> 01:03:09,524 while working as a mental-health professional at night. 1122 01:03:12,832 --> 01:03:15,792 But Lindsay is struggling for money. 1123 01:03:15,835 --> 01:03:19,708 To finance his education, he sells pot and crack cocaine. 1124 01:03:19,752 --> 01:03:23,060 It'll soon catch up to him. 1125 01:03:23,103 --> 01:03:26,759 Bill Clinton's 1994 crime bill was one of the most 1126 01:03:26,803 --> 01:03:29,457 far-reaching laws in American history, 1127 01:03:29,501 --> 01:03:31,895 pushing policies like "three strikes, you're out" 1128 01:03:31,938 --> 01:03:35,637 and long, mandatory sentences for drug dealers. 1129 01:03:35,681 --> 01:03:39,380 Mandatory minimum sentencing largely removes judges 1130 01:03:39,424 --> 01:03:41,687 from the decision-making process. 1131 01:03:41,730 --> 01:03:43,776 They become automatons 1132 01:03:43,820 --> 01:03:47,824 where they just simply have the amount of weight of the drugs, 1133 01:03:47,867 --> 01:03:49,477 the circumstances that they were caught in, 1134 01:03:49,521 --> 01:03:51,479 come up with some calculation, 1135 01:03:51,523 --> 01:03:54,874 and come up with a multi-decade prison sentence. 1136 01:03:54,918 --> 01:03:57,746 There's a proliferation of three strikes laws. 1137 01:03:57,790 --> 01:03:59,052 The amount of time 1138 01:03:59,096 --> 01:04:00,401 that people are now doing 1139 01:04:00,445 --> 01:04:02,664 for relatively small amounts 1140 01:04:02,708 --> 01:04:05,145 of drugs increases massively. 1141 01:04:05,189 --> 01:04:07,495 It's not only that more people are going to prison, 1142 01:04:07,539 --> 01:04:10,542 but it's that people are staying for longer. 1143 01:04:10,585 --> 01:04:13,762 This reverberates through the communities. 1144 01:04:21,901 --> 01:04:24,034 A year after his last drug deal... 1145 01:04:24,077 --> 01:04:26,819 -Go. Go. -Police! Police! 1146 01:04:26,863 --> 01:04:29,430 ...Lindsay is arrested by Federal agents. 1147 01:04:31,258 --> 01:04:34,044 And when seven of his friends who are arrested with him 1148 01:04:34,087 --> 01:04:37,438 are threatened with long, mandatory sentences, 1149 01:04:37,482 --> 01:04:39,484 they agree to cooperate with the government, 1150 01:04:39,527 --> 01:04:42,443 testifying that Lindsay was their ringleader. 1151 01:04:42,487 --> 01:04:44,141 -Come on over here. -Mandatory minimum sentences 1152 01:04:44,184 --> 01:04:46,491 created a velveted glove 1153 01:04:46,534 --> 01:04:50,147 over the head of anybody who'd been busted for drugs, 1154 01:04:50,190 --> 01:04:53,280 and it incentivized them to take a plea bargain 1155 01:04:53,324 --> 01:04:56,240 for decades that they otherwise would -- 1156 01:04:56,283 --> 01:04:58,416 would not take the chance at trial. 1157 01:04:58,459 --> 01:05:00,287 You just simply didn't want to take the chance 1158 01:05:00,331 --> 01:05:03,508 of getting 50 or 60 years in jail 1159 01:05:03,551 --> 01:05:04,944 when you were supposed to be okay 1160 01:05:04,988 --> 01:05:06,772 with settling for 10 years. 1161 01:05:10,863 --> 01:05:13,518 But Lindsay takes the case to trial. 1162 01:05:15,824 --> 01:05:18,175 He's convicted of two felony charges 1163 01:05:18,218 --> 01:05:21,047 and, at his sentencing hearing, pleads for mercy. 1164 01:05:21,091 --> 01:05:24,137 This is my first-time offense, sir. 1165 01:05:24,181 --> 01:05:27,445 I've never before been convicted of a crime. Please. 1166 01:05:27,488 --> 01:05:29,838 Under new mandatory sentencing laws, 1167 01:05:29,882 --> 01:05:33,233 Douglas Lindsay faces at least 10 years. 1168 01:05:33,277 --> 01:05:35,757 On Christmas Eve 1996, 1169 01:05:35,801 --> 01:05:38,282 the judge sentences him... 1170 01:05:38,325 --> 01:05:40,371 to life in prison. 1171 01:05:40,414 --> 01:05:42,939 A lot of people who heard Clinton admit 1172 01:05:42,982 --> 01:05:46,290 on the campaign trail that he had smoked a joint 1173 01:05:46,333 --> 01:05:48,857 expected he would maybe 1174 01:05:48,901 --> 01:05:52,731 dismantle aspects of the War on Drugs. 1175 01:05:54,776 --> 01:05:58,171 But in fact, the opposite happened. 1176 01:05:58,215 --> 01:06:01,392 Starting in the early 1990s 1177 01:06:01,435 --> 01:06:03,742 and really accelerating under Clinton, 1178 01:06:03,785 --> 01:06:07,398 the War on Drugs became increasingly to be about 1179 01:06:07,441 --> 01:06:09,574 how many Americans were being put into prison. 1180 01:06:29,159 --> 01:06:31,291 The more the U.S. government increased 1181 01:06:31,335 --> 01:06:34,642 its targeting of street dealers, 1182 01:06:34,686 --> 01:06:36,340 the more dealers they created, 1183 01:06:36,383 --> 01:06:38,820 because they created a class of people 1184 01:06:38,864 --> 01:06:42,563 who could work in no other industry... 1185 01:06:42,607 --> 01:06:44,565 but the drug trade. 1186 01:06:44,609 --> 01:06:48,091 And this is how the War on Drugs has perpetuated itself. 1187 01:06:56,273 --> 01:06:58,840 O0Narrator: It's almost Halloween night, and three members 1188 01:06:58,884 --> 01:07:01,626 of the Hispanic street gang known as F-13 1189 01:07:01,669 --> 01:07:03,497 are driving around Huntington Beach 1190 01:07:03,541 --> 01:07:05,064 looking for blood. 1191 01:07:05,108 --> 01:07:07,371 They think they've just found 1192 01:07:07,414 --> 01:07:09,503 a rival gang member's house. 1193 01:07:12,071 --> 01:07:13,507 -Trick or treat! -Trick or treat! 1194 01:07:16,771 --> 01:07:18,860 No! Erica! 1195 01:07:18,904 --> 01:07:20,079 They've missed their target. 1196 01:07:20,123 --> 01:07:21,428 Help! 1197 01:07:21,472 --> 01:07:23,517 The shooter, Jose Munguia, 1198 01:07:23,561 --> 01:07:28,392 has killed an innocent 11-year-old girl. 1199 01:07:28,435 --> 01:07:32,831 He and his friends have just crossed a line... 1200 01:07:32,874 --> 01:07:35,660 set by one of most dangerous gangs in the country. 1201 01:07:51,241 --> 01:07:55,201 La Eme, also known as The Mexican Mafia, 1202 01:07:55,245 --> 01:07:57,203 a Mexican-American street gang 1203 01:07:57,247 --> 01:08:00,250 whose leaders reside in California's prisons. 1204 01:08:00,293 --> 01:08:04,167 They rule over numerous Hispanic gangs on the outside 1205 01:08:04,210 --> 01:08:07,692 with a strict code of street justice. 1206 01:08:07,735 --> 01:08:09,650 Their disciples carry out murders, 1207 01:08:09,694 --> 01:08:11,348 kidnappings, and extortion, 1208 01:08:11,391 --> 01:08:14,002 but their most lucrative business is drugs. 1209 01:08:17,136 --> 01:08:20,008 De la Cruz: The Mexican Mafia, they got a lot of power. 1210 01:08:20,052 --> 01:08:23,055 This idea that the Mexican cartels 1211 01:08:23,099 --> 01:08:26,450 control street-level drug operations 1212 01:08:26,493 --> 01:08:29,061 is not correct. 1213 01:08:29,105 --> 01:08:32,238 They control the flow of the drugs, 1214 01:08:32,282 --> 01:08:35,676 but they don't control the street-level operations. 1215 01:08:35,720 --> 01:08:39,245 The distribution of drugs 1216 01:08:39,289 --> 01:08:42,030 are controlled by the street-level gangs 1217 01:08:42,074 --> 01:08:43,945 like The Mexican Mafia. 1218 01:08:47,035 --> 01:08:51,170 September 1993. Elysian Park, Los Angeles. 1219 01:08:51,214 --> 01:08:53,216 More than 1,000 gang members 1220 01:08:53,259 --> 01:08:55,870 from across Southern California converge. 1221 01:08:55,914 --> 01:08:58,830 La Eme has called a meeting 1222 01:08:58,873 --> 01:09:00,875 to lay down a series of laws 1223 01:09:00,919 --> 01:09:03,835 for the gangs under their control. 1224 01:09:03,878 --> 01:09:07,752 The goal -- keep away unwanted attention from the authorities. 1225 01:09:07,795 --> 01:09:10,711 Preserve the drug trade at all costs. 1226 01:09:10,755 --> 01:09:13,888 Scores should be settled face-to-face. 1227 01:09:13,932 --> 01:09:17,022 Those who break the rules will pay. 1228 01:09:17,065 --> 01:09:21,505 So they passed a directive 1229 01:09:21,548 --> 01:09:26,553 that anybody caught doing drive-bys from then on 1230 01:09:26,597 --> 01:09:28,947 was gonna be targeted -- 1231 01:09:28,990 --> 01:09:30,992 killed or, you know, assaulted. 1232 01:09:31,036 --> 01:09:32,211 Primarily killed. 1233 01:09:39,262 --> 01:09:41,916 It's a week after the little girl's death, 1234 01:09:41,960 --> 01:09:46,269 and the shooter, Jose Munguia, is at home. 1235 01:09:46,312 --> 01:09:49,141 Two fellow gang members have come to enforce 1236 01:09:49,185 --> 01:09:51,796 the Elysian Park rules. 1237 01:09:51,839 --> 01:09:56,583 Now, remember, killing to these individuals 1238 01:09:56,627 --> 01:09:58,411 is not that big of a deal. 1239 01:09:58,455 --> 01:09:59,543 They've already done it. 1240 01:10:06,854 --> 01:10:08,247 What's up, homey? 1241 01:10:11,294 --> 01:10:13,209 I don't think it was that difficult of a thing 1242 01:10:13,252 --> 01:10:15,515 for them to do, to go over there, knock on the door, 1243 01:10:15,559 --> 01:10:17,561 and say, "Hey," you know, "Sorry, homeboy." 1244 01:10:17,604 --> 01:10:19,780 Boom, boom, boom, boom, boom, and they walk away. 1245 01:10:21,913 --> 01:10:24,611 Munguia dies almost instantly. 1246 01:10:38,408 --> 01:10:40,975 The killers are arrested later that night. 1247 01:10:46,242 --> 01:10:49,070 Inside a California state prison, 1248 01:10:49,114 --> 01:10:53,249 the two killers are welcomed into La Eme's fold. 1249 01:10:53,292 --> 01:10:56,034 They're now part of a vast criminal enterprise 1250 01:10:56,077 --> 01:10:59,211 whose headquarters are behind bars. 1251 01:10:59,255 --> 01:11:03,868 The Mexican Mafia is composed of elites 1252 01:11:03,911 --> 01:11:06,044 of street gang members -- 1253 01:11:06,087 --> 01:11:08,176 the cream of the crop, in other words. 1254 01:11:13,791 --> 01:11:15,662 They're charismatic. 1255 01:11:15,706 --> 01:11:19,057 They're intelligent. They speak well. 1256 01:11:19,100 --> 01:11:22,190 They educate themselves on Machiavelli 1257 01:11:22,234 --> 01:11:23,888 and, you know, philosophy. 1258 01:11:23,931 --> 01:11:26,847 Really exceptional individuals criminally. 1259 01:11:26,891 --> 01:11:29,546 And if they're not exceptional individuals 1260 01:11:29,589 --> 01:11:31,722 when they get in The Mexican Mafia, 1261 01:11:31,765 --> 01:11:35,465 they will be by the time they leave. 1262 01:11:35,508 --> 01:11:38,772 The 1990s sees an almost 50% increase 1263 01:11:38,816 --> 01:11:40,774 in the prison population, 1264 01:11:40,818 --> 01:11:44,822 and with it, a new level of sophistication in prison gangs. 1265 01:11:44,865 --> 01:11:46,824 Within the prisoner network 1266 01:11:46,867 --> 01:11:48,347 was completely controlled 1267 01:11:48,391 --> 01:11:49,740 by these gangs 1268 01:11:49,783 --> 01:11:52,177 to the point where they buy the guards. 1269 01:11:52,220 --> 01:11:53,570 And by corrupting the guards, 1270 01:11:53,613 --> 01:11:55,441 they take over control of the prisons. 1271 01:11:55,485 --> 01:11:58,401 They're able to get drugs into the prisons. 1272 01:11:58,444 --> 01:12:00,185 They're able to deal drugs within the prisons. 1273 01:12:00,228 --> 01:12:03,406 Mexican Mafia became unbelievably powerful. 1274 01:12:03,449 --> 01:12:05,669 The Feds tried to break that up, 1275 01:12:05,712 --> 01:12:08,280 so they would take these guys from these prisons 1276 01:12:08,324 --> 01:12:10,108 and spread 'em out all over the country. 1277 01:12:10,151 --> 01:12:11,588 But by doing that, all they did 1278 01:12:11,631 --> 01:12:14,895 was create regimes within prisons 1279 01:12:14,939 --> 01:12:16,984 that had never seen it before. 1280 01:12:19,683 --> 01:12:21,554 Other race-based gangs take control 1281 01:12:21,598 --> 01:12:23,817 of prisons across the country, 1282 01:12:23,861 --> 01:12:27,212 including The Aryan Brotherhood, the Black Guerillas, 1283 01:12:27,255 --> 01:12:30,302 and Nuestra Familia, all with their own piece 1284 01:12:30,346 --> 01:12:33,523 of a nationwide drug-distribution network. 1285 01:12:42,053 --> 01:12:45,404 O0 C1Narrator: Amado Carrillo Fuentes, the Lord of the Skies, 1286 01:12:45,448 --> 01:12:48,276 has become the richest drug trafficker in the world. 1287 01:12:48,320 --> 01:12:52,106 But Carrillo's control over much of Mexico's drug trade 1288 01:12:52,150 --> 01:12:54,413 has not gone unnoticed. 1289 01:12:54,457 --> 01:12:57,024 As the pressure was turned up by the Mexicans and DEA, 1290 01:12:57,068 --> 01:12:59,331 he became obsessed with his own safety, 1291 01:12:59,375 --> 01:13:02,421 to the extent that he was traveling in ambulances 1292 01:13:02,465 --> 01:13:04,989 that were conventional on the outside, opulent on the inside. 1293 01:13:05,032 --> 01:13:07,905 He had body doubles prancing around Mexico 1294 01:13:07,948 --> 01:13:10,951 just to throw others off his trail, 1295 01:13:10,995 --> 01:13:12,431 and even to the extent that he decided 1296 01:13:12,475 --> 01:13:14,651 to change his physical appearance. 1297 01:13:16,522 --> 01:13:18,568 Carrillo has taken over an entire floor 1298 01:13:18,611 --> 01:13:21,092 of a Mexico City maternity ward. 1299 01:13:24,878 --> 01:13:28,404 A plastic surgeon team traveled to Mexico 1300 01:13:28,447 --> 01:13:33,017 and agreed to alter not only his facial features, 1301 01:13:33,060 --> 01:13:36,934 but also his rather corpulent body. 1302 01:13:36,977 --> 01:13:41,025 Throughout a 10-hour surgery, 1303 01:13:41,068 --> 01:13:45,682 30 pounds of fatty tissue were taken from his body, 1304 01:13:45,725 --> 01:13:48,772 and his face was altered considerably. 1305 01:13:48,815 --> 01:13:53,037 The account goes, from some of those present in the room, 1306 01:13:53,080 --> 01:13:55,387 he woke up and was feeling such great pain, 1307 01:13:55,431 --> 01:13:58,216 reached for a gun, ordered more pain medication. 1308 01:14:02,481 --> 01:14:06,398 And when the doctor was looking at the bore of a handgun, 1309 01:14:06,442 --> 01:14:10,750 he decided it'd be best to do what the boss said. 1310 01:14:37,821 --> 01:14:40,606 It is said that Amado, the Lord of the Skies, 1311 01:14:40,650 --> 01:14:42,565 died of respiratory arrest. 1312 01:14:46,569 --> 01:14:49,789 The circumstances of his death are so mysterious 1313 01:14:49,833 --> 01:14:52,488 that some think he faked it and escaped. 1314 01:15:04,804 --> 01:15:06,458 Muchas gracias. 1315 01:15:06,502 --> 01:15:09,548 But the gory truth soon comes out. 1316 01:15:09,592 --> 01:15:11,855 DEA and the Mexican authorities 1317 01:15:11,898 --> 01:15:15,032 went to the location, where they found the body. 1318 01:15:15,075 --> 01:15:17,556 His body is so disfigured that his identity 1319 01:15:17,600 --> 01:15:21,647 can only be confirmed by fingerprints and DNA. 1320 01:15:21,691 --> 01:15:23,519 He looked like a Frankenstein monster 1321 01:15:23,562 --> 01:15:25,259 because he was all stitched, 1322 01:15:25,303 --> 01:15:27,218 and there was so much reconfiguration of his body. 1323 01:15:27,261 --> 01:15:31,788 It's not the only grisly find made by authorities. 1324 01:15:31,831 --> 01:15:33,572 Months later, Mexican workers 1325 01:15:33,616 --> 01:15:36,270 discover cement-filled oil drums. 1326 01:15:36,314 --> 01:15:38,229 Inside are the badly decayed remains 1327 01:15:38,272 --> 01:15:40,318 of two of Carrillo's doctors 1328 01:15:40,361 --> 01:15:43,190 and another unidentified person. 1329 01:15:43,234 --> 01:15:45,410 Each has been handcuffed and blindfolded, 1330 01:15:45,453 --> 01:15:48,848 burned and tortured, their fingernails pulled out. 1331 01:15:51,242 --> 01:15:52,809 But the killing has just started. 1332 01:15:54,637 --> 01:15:57,509 Now the city of Juárez is up for grabs, 1333 01:15:57,553 --> 01:16:02,079 as rival factions battle it out to control the Juárez Cartel. 1334 01:16:03,471 --> 01:16:05,822 The city experiences a bloodletting, 1335 01:16:05,865 --> 01:16:09,477 as the bodies as traffickers litter the streets. 1336 01:16:09,521 --> 01:16:12,655 When Amado die... 1337 01:16:34,633 --> 01:16:36,504 Three years after Carrillo's death, 1338 01:16:36,548 --> 01:16:39,377 a changing of the guard is taking place. 1339 01:16:39,420 --> 01:16:43,163 The nation's ruling party is on the edge of collapse. 1340 01:16:43,207 --> 01:16:45,122 They've lost the presidential election 1341 01:16:45,165 --> 01:16:47,646 for the first time in 70 years. 1342 01:16:47,690 --> 01:16:50,867 The Institutional Revolutionary Party, also known as the PRI, 1343 01:16:50,910 --> 01:16:55,045 had a grip over Mexican politics, Mexican life, 1344 01:16:55,088 --> 01:16:57,569 and also the Mexican drug-trafficking trade. 1345 01:16:57,613 --> 01:17:00,659 An academic once called it the perfect dictatorship. 1346 01:17:01,704 --> 01:17:03,619 As long the cartels kept quiet, 1347 01:17:03,662 --> 01:17:05,664 they didn't engage in any killing sprees 1348 01:17:05,708 --> 01:17:07,361 or any major disruptions, 1349 01:17:07,405 --> 01:17:09,320 the PRI more or less allowed the cartels 1350 01:17:09,363 --> 01:17:11,278 to do their own thing. 1351 01:17:11,322 --> 01:17:13,759 The PRI has left the people in poverty, 1352 01:17:13,803 --> 01:17:15,805 the peso nearly worthless, 1353 01:17:15,848 --> 01:17:18,982 and the cartels are wary of the new regime's promise 1354 01:17:19,025 --> 01:17:21,071 to fight drugs and corruption. 1355 01:17:24,291 --> 01:17:26,859 One man, however, is not waiting to find out 1356 01:17:26,903 --> 01:17:28,644 if they follow through. 1357 01:17:31,864 --> 01:17:34,998 Pacing around the medical bay of Puente Grande Prison 1358 01:17:35,041 --> 01:17:37,261 is Joaquín Guzmán Loera, 1359 01:17:37,304 --> 01:17:41,047 also known as El Chapo. 1360 01:17:41,091 --> 01:17:42,745 El Chapo is one of the leaders 1361 01:17:42,788 --> 01:17:46,183 of the Juárez Cartel's rivals, Sinaloa. 1362 01:17:46,226 --> 01:17:49,273 A former protégé of Amado Carrillo Fuentes, 1363 01:17:49,316 --> 01:17:53,886 he's in prison for the murder of the Cardinal of Guadalajara. 1364 01:17:53,930 --> 01:17:55,801 He has a logistical mind-set, 1365 01:17:55,845 --> 01:17:57,977 so he was able to figure out how to move product. 1366 01:17:58,021 --> 01:18:00,197 And he was ruthless enough to deal with rivals, 1367 01:18:00,240 --> 01:18:01,720 because at his level, 1368 01:18:01,764 --> 01:18:03,374 you know, they're all apex predators, 1369 01:18:03,417 --> 01:18:05,115 and, you know, it's kill or be killed. 1370 01:18:05,158 --> 01:18:07,944 And he was able to survive that world. 1371 01:18:18,084 --> 01:18:20,739 Chapo has been enjoying a privileged life in prison, 1372 01:18:20,783 --> 01:18:22,828 paying off his guards. 1373 01:18:22,872 --> 01:18:24,917 But with the new government in place, 1374 01:18:24,961 --> 01:18:27,267 he's worried he'll be extradited to the U.S. 1375 01:18:27,311 --> 01:18:29,748 on trafficking charges. 1376 01:18:31,141 --> 01:18:32,925 A riot alarm goes off. 1377 01:18:36,842 --> 01:18:39,627 Five S.W.A.T. officers storm the medical bay. 1378 01:18:44,763 --> 01:18:49,289 They hand Chapo riot gear, a gun, and a mask. 1379 01:18:49,333 --> 01:18:51,944 Six officers walk out the front door of the prison. 1380 01:19:03,826 --> 01:19:05,828 The brazen escape is a new low 1381 01:19:05,871 --> 01:19:09,092 for the Mexican government and the police. 1382 01:19:09,135 --> 01:19:11,790 But it's not a surprise. 1383 01:19:11,834 --> 01:19:15,663 Anybody that thinks that Chapo Guzmán escapes 1384 01:19:15,707 --> 01:19:17,491 is not dealing with reality. 1385 01:19:17,535 --> 01:19:20,581 Chapo Guzmán can do whatever he wants to do in Mexico. 1386 01:19:20,625 --> 01:19:23,715 And there's a reason that Amado Carrillo Fuentes 1387 01:19:23,759 --> 01:19:26,892 and Chapo Guzmán, among others, have stated, 1388 01:19:26,936 --> 01:19:30,026 "Why would I want to be president of Mexico? 1389 01:19:30,069 --> 01:19:32,985 I am more powerful than they are." 1390 01:19:33,029 --> 01:19:35,858 And it's a pretty accurate statement. 1391 01:19:35,901 --> 01:19:38,251 Over the next decade, the cartels will become 1392 01:19:38,295 --> 01:19:40,166 more violent, more powerful, 1393 01:19:40,210 --> 01:19:44,083 and bring new agony to its country and its neighbors. 1394 01:19:44,127 --> 01:19:46,390 But an even more fearsome act of violence 1395 01:19:46,433 --> 01:19:50,089 is about to be unleashed on the United States. 1396 01:19:50,133 --> 01:19:53,484 And the seeds were planted decades before 1397 01:19:53,527 --> 01:19:58,445 on a continent far away. 1398 01:20:05,496 --> 01:20:08,629 Suicide bombers have attacked the American embassies 1399 01:20:08,673 --> 01:20:10,849 in Kenya and Tanzania. 1400 01:20:15,462 --> 01:20:19,815 224 people die in the twin attacks. 1401 01:20:19,858 --> 01:20:23,035 And the blame soon falls on the son of a Saudi billionaire 1402 01:20:23,079 --> 01:20:26,082 turned Islamic radical. 1403 01:20:26,125 --> 01:20:28,693 Many people have come to think that bin Laden's first attack 1404 01:20:28,736 --> 01:20:31,609 on America was 9/11. 1405 01:20:31,652 --> 01:20:34,394 In fact, bin Laden's first attack 1406 01:20:34,438 --> 01:20:38,268 was the 1998 Nairobi bombing. 1407 01:20:40,444 --> 01:20:43,490 These acts of terrorist violence are abhorrent. 1408 01:20:43,534 --> 01:20:45,536 They are inhuman. 1409 01:20:45,579 --> 01:20:49,627 We will use all the means at our disposal 1410 01:20:49,670 --> 01:20:52,238 to bring those responsible to justice. 1411 01:20:55,633 --> 01:20:58,897 Before the al-Qaeda attacks on the U.S. embassies 1412 01:20:58,941 --> 01:21:01,291 in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam, 1413 01:21:01,334 --> 01:21:04,120 Osama bin Laden was forced to flee Sudan, 1414 01:21:04,163 --> 01:21:06,122 where he had been operating from. 1415 01:21:06,165 --> 01:21:07,819 And he came back 1416 01:21:07,863 --> 01:21:09,908 to the one country he knew would welcome him, 1417 01:21:09,952 --> 01:21:11,605 which is Afghanistan. 1418 01:21:14,130 --> 01:21:16,784 Pressure builds on Afghanistan's Taliban government 1419 01:21:16,828 --> 01:21:18,569 to turn over bin Laden, 1420 01:21:18,612 --> 01:21:22,181 as sanctions and famine cripple the nation's economy. 1421 01:21:22,225 --> 01:21:25,010 The Taliban had an enormous P.R. problem by this point. 1422 01:21:25,054 --> 01:21:27,883 They had blown up the Bamiyan Buddhas. 1423 01:21:27,926 --> 01:21:30,581 They were beheading people and chopping off their hands 1424 01:21:30,624 --> 01:21:32,931 in football stadiums around the country. 1425 01:21:32,975 --> 01:21:35,760 They were under enormous pressure to give up bin Laden, 1426 01:21:35,803 --> 01:21:37,936 and the enormous amount of drugs 1427 01:21:37,980 --> 01:21:39,633 that were coming out of Afghanistan. 1428 01:21:39,677 --> 01:21:44,247 And so by banning farmers from growing poppy, 1429 01:21:44,290 --> 01:21:45,813 they could get a P.R. win. 1430 01:21:50,949 --> 01:21:53,256 The Taliban's leader, Mullah Omar, 1431 01:21:53,299 --> 01:21:55,693 issues a fatwa on opium. 1432 01:21:55,736 --> 01:21:59,175 Production across Afghanistan grinds to a halt 1433 01:21:59,218 --> 01:22:02,352 as the Taliban punish farmers who defy them. 1434 01:22:02,395 --> 01:22:05,833 Within a year, 65% of the world's opium 1435 01:22:05,877 --> 01:22:08,010 has seemingly disappeared. 1436 01:22:08,053 --> 01:22:12,405 American and U.N. officials hail the crackdown. 1437 01:22:12,449 --> 01:22:14,364 There's one only problem -- 1438 01:22:14,407 --> 01:22:15,669 It's a scam. 1439 01:22:18,150 --> 01:22:20,500 They came up with a strategy that was very, very clever. 1440 01:22:20,544 --> 01:22:22,807 They went to the international community 1441 01:22:22,850 --> 01:22:26,985 and said that they were gonna ban farmers from growing opium. 1442 01:22:27,029 --> 01:22:30,336 But very quietly, they continued to allow 1443 01:22:30,380 --> 01:22:32,860 opium traffickers and heroin producers 1444 01:22:32,904 --> 01:22:35,733 to process opium into heroin, 1445 01:22:35,776 --> 01:22:38,997 and they continued to allow narcotics to be exported. 1446 01:22:39,041 --> 01:22:41,260 It was like an insider trading deal. 1447 01:22:41,304 --> 01:22:44,350 They pulled a fast one on the international community. 1448 01:22:46,309 --> 01:22:49,051 With the drop in supply, Afghan traffickers 1449 01:22:49,094 --> 01:22:52,141 sell their surplus opium at a premium, 1450 01:22:52,184 --> 01:22:53,838 making millions. 1451 01:22:57,363 --> 01:23:00,584 Everybody kind of wanted a good news story about Afghanistan. 1452 01:23:00,627 --> 01:23:02,499 Everybody wanted something to succeed 1453 01:23:02,542 --> 01:23:05,067 and something to seem to be moving in the right direction. 1454 01:23:07,547 --> 01:23:09,767 So, again, you have this willingness 1455 01:23:09,810 --> 01:23:12,857 by the U.S. government not to look at the problem too closely, 1456 01:23:12,900 --> 01:23:14,772 because you might not like what you see. 1457 01:23:14,815 --> 01:23:17,514 America sends millions in aid, 1458 01:23:17,557 --> 01:23:22,127 as they stockpile tons of raw opium in warehouses. 1459 01:23:22,171 --> 01:23:25,652 The Bush administration gave them $43 million 1460 01:23:25,696 --> 01:23:28,264 to support these drug eradication efforts. 1461 01:23:28,307 --> 01:23:31,963 That was in early spring of 2001. 1462 01:23:32,007 --> 01:23:33,225 And as everybody knows, 1463 01:23:33,269 --> 01:23:35,184 history took quite a different course 1464 01:23:35,227 --> 01:23:36,185 later that year. 1465 01:23:47,022 --> 01:23:50,025 Four months later, on a sunny September morning... 1466 01:23:52,288 --> 01:23:54,768 ...a new war will begin. 1467 01:23:56,944 --> 01:24:00,252 With both the War on Terror and the War on Drugs, 1468 01:24:00,296 --> 01:24:03,168 the U.S. government, its leadership, 1469 01:24:03,212 --> 01:24:06,780 openly declared wars on these open-ended, 1470 01:24:06,824 --> 01:24:09,870 um, enemies and -- and phenomenon. 1471 01:24:09,914 --> 01:24:12,438 And -- And people would make light of the fact 1472 01:24:12,482 --> 01:24:16,138 that, how do you declare a war on terror? 1473 01:24:16,181 --> 01:24:18,096 It's not a country. 1474 01:24:18,140 --> 01:24:21,447 It's not a person. It's -- It's an idea. 1475 01:24:21,491 --> 01:24:23,841 And, similarly, 1476 01:24:23,884 --> 01:24:28,019 how do you declare a war on drugs, 1477 01:24:28,063 --> 01:24:30,369 which are used commonly throughout the world? 1478 01:24:30,413 --> 01:24:32,110 They're grown everywhere. 1479 01:24:32,154 --> 01:24:35,244 And there's a principle at work here. 1480 01:24:35,287 --> 01:24:37,942 And it's that, you know, one thing 1481 01:24:37,985 --> 01:24:41,815 that really makes a state grow and thrive 1482 01:24:41,859 --> 01:24:43,861 is having a war. 1483 01:24:43,904 --> 01:24:47,821 On the final episode of "America's War On Drugs"... 1484 01:24:50,085 --> 01:24:52,391 9/11 happened, and the United States 1485 01:24:52,435 --> 01:24:55,742 invaded one of the largest opium producers in the world. 1486 01:24:55,786 --> 01:24:58,049 These terrorists must be pursued, defeated, 1487 01:24:58,093 --> 01:24:59,529 and brought to justice. 1488 01:24:59,572 --> 01:25:01,008 And that effect on the Patriot Act 1489 01:25:01,052 --> 01:25:03,794 was that it refueled the War on Drugs. 1490 01:25:03,837 --> 01:25:05,839 I helped murder families in Colombia. 1491 01:25:05,883 --> 01:25:08,059 Mexican cops will go out and carry out a hit, 1492 01:25:08,103 --> 01:25:09,843 and then they'll come back couple hours later 1493 01:25:09,887 --> 01:25:11,497 and investigate the murder they just committed. 1494 01:25:11,541 --> 01:25:13,586 Cloaked in many innocent, 1495 01:25:13,630 --> 01:25:16,285 it's an invitation to your own murder. 1496 01:25:16,328 --> 01:25:18,069 You smoked it, and you suddenly said, 1497 01:25:18,113 --> 01:25:19,679 "Wait a minute. This stuff isn't so bad." 1498 01:25:19,723 --> 01:25:21,420 -Got some legal weed! -Whoo! 1499 01:25:21,464 --> 01:25:23,466 They're working with one cartel 1500 01:25:23,509 --> 01:25:25,642 to take out another cartel. 1501 01:25:25,685 --> 01:25:29,776 It's time to stop the drugs from pouring into our country. 1502 01:25:32,736 --> 01:25:35,347 We're all concerned about cocaine and heroin, 1503 01:25:35,391 --> 01:25:38,133 but we're legally killing you, and we're getting away with it.