1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:50,301 --> 00:00:52,762 [loud engine noise] 4 00:00:58,267 --> 00:01:00,728 [extremely loud crash] 5 00:01:01,771 --> 00:01:04,231 [metal grinding] 6 00:01:10,738 --> 00:01:12,698 [muffled voices] 7 00:01:13,741 --> 00:01:15,785 [music playing] 8 00:01:35,304 --> 00:01:38,265 [pencil scratches paper] 9 00:01:47,775 --> 00:01:50,152 [gasps] 10 00:01:59,161 --> 00:02:00,621 [quiet knocking] 11 00:02:05,167 --> 00:02:12,174 William, it's awfully late. 12 00:02:12,716 --> 00:02:15,761 [music playing] 13 00:02:18,305 --> 00:02:20,724 [light clicks off] 14 00:02:39,201 --> 00:02:41,161 [knobs click] 15 00:02:46,667 --> 00:02:48,586 [tapping] 16 00:02:49,587 --> 00:02:51,547 [sizzling] 17 00:02:53,090 --> 00:02:55,009 [tapping] 18 00:02:57,052 --> 00:02:58,512 [click] 19 00:03:00,055 --> 00:03:00,973 [nervous voices] 20 00:03:01,056 --> 00:03:03,267 CREW: Women and children first. 21 00:03:03,350 --> 00:03:07,521 At this time, we require only women and children. 22 00:03:07,605 --> 00:03:09,064 [panicked voices] 23 00:03:11,150 --> 00:03:13,068 [tapping] 24 00:03:13,152 --> 00:03:15,154 [whirring] 25 00:03:23,037 --> 00:03:25,456 [dramatic music] 26 00:03:29,460 --> 00:03:30,920 [crying] 27 00:03:31,003 --> 00:03:32,338 MAN: Secure your lifebelts we're boarding now. 28 00:03:32,421 --> 00:03:33,839 [tapping] 29 00:03:35,883 --> 00:03:37,509 [panicked voices] 30 00:03:38,344 --> 00:03:40,554 [water splashing] 31 00:03:44,058 --> 00:03:44,975 WOMAN: Come on. 32 00:03:45,059 --> 00:03:46,435 You can do it. 33 00:03:46,518 --> 00:03:47,436 Keep going. 34 00:03:47,519 --> 00:03:48,938 Come on. 35 00:03:49,021 --> 00:03:50,856 [grunting] 36 00:03:57,321 --> 00:03:59,740 MAN: Tell Titanic, we're making toward her. 37 00:03:59,823 --> 00:04:02,451 WOMAN: So cold. 38 00:04:02,534 --> 00:04:03,410 MAN: You'll be okay miss. 39 00:04:03,494 --> 00:04:04,328 [woman exhales] 40 00:04:11,251 --> 00:04:13,170 [loud creaking] 41 00:04:13,253 --> 00:04:15,297 [eerie metal grinding] 42 00:04:19,301 --> 00:04:21,762 [music gets softer] 43 00:04:38,737 --> 00:04:40,656 [sniffling, crying] 44 00:04:40,739 --> 00:04:42,700 [deep inhale] 45 00:04:48,706 --> 00:04:50,791 {\an8}Good morning, sir. 46 00:04:50,874 --> 00:04:52,042 {\an8}Miss Malloy. 47 00:04:52,126 --> 00:04:54,086 {\an8}[miss malloy sniffles] 48 00:04:55,838 --> 00:04:56,672 How bad is it? 49 00:05:01,385 --> 00:05:03,345 [gasping breaths] 50 00:05:06,181 --> 00:05:09,268 It says here they're towing her to Halifax. 51 00:05:09,351 --> 00:05:11,145 [crying] 52 00:05:12,229 --> 00:05:16,734 Uh, Naval intelligence reports of a private transmission 53 00:05:16,817 --> 00:05:18,819 from the White Star Line. 54 00:05:18,902 --> 00:05:22,531 She hit an ice field in the North Atlantic 55 00:05:22,614 --> 00:05:26,368 and sank within hours. 56 00:05:26,452 --> 00:05:27,745 [sniffles] 57 00:05:28,579 --> 00:05:30,372 Survivors? 58 00:05:30,456 --> 00:05:33,292 It's believed to be less than a third. 59 00:05:33,375 --> 00:05:35,210 [sharp inhale] 60 00:05:38,464 --> 00:05:40,924 There were over 2,000 on board. 61 00:05:41,008 --> 00:05:42,926 [short breaths] 62 00:05:48,348 --> 00:05:50,184 [emotive music] 63 00:05:52,227 --> 00:05:53,812 Cancel your trip to New York, sir? 64 00:05:57,649 --> 00:05:59,985 No. 65 00:06:00,069 --> 00:06:02,571 We'll prepare a resolution authorizing an investigation, 66 00:06:02,654 --> 00:06:04,364 and I will recommend myself as the chairman 67 00:06:04,448 --> 00:06:06,617 of the subcommittee. 68 00:06:06,700 --> 00:06:09,745 I'll accompany you to New York. 69 00:06:09,828 --> 00:06:11,747 You'll require my assistance. 70 00:06:11,830 --> 00:06:14,291 [door closes] 71 00:06:21,799 --> 00:06:24,384 Are you traveling with anybody else? 72 00:06:24,468 --> 00:06:27,554 Miss Malloy is bringing the paperwork. 73 00:06:27,638 --> 00:06:29,098 Are you sure that's appropriate 74 00:06:29,181 --> 00:06:30,682 for the future president? 75 00:06:33,644 --> 00:06:34,603 Does it bother you? 76 00:06:37,856 --> 00:06:40,984 Of course, not. 77 00:06:41,068 --> 00:06:42,069 People will talk. 78 00:06:45,781 --> 00:06:47,908 Let them. 79 00:06:47,991 --> 00:06:50,285 [lyrical music] 80 00:06:59,128 --> 00:07:02,548 When can I expect you to return? 81 00:07:02,631 --> 00:07:06,009 I have no idea, my dear. 82 00:07:06,093 --> 00:07:07,886 The only thing I know for sure is that people 83 00:07:07,970 --> 00:07:10,931 need to know what happened. 84 00:07:11,014 --> 00:07:13,308 The ship hit an iceberg. 85 00:07:13,392 --> 00:07:18,689 Oh, I shudder to think what those poor souls went through. 86 00:07:18,772 --> 00:07:22,151 But, surely, it was an act of God. 87 00:07:22,234 --> 00:07:25,237 In my experience, there are very few acts of God. 88 00:07:25,320 --> 00:07:28,073 This is the man I wish to speak to. 89 00:07:35,414 --> 00:07:36,874 [sobbing] 90 00:07:37,916 --> 00:07:39,835 [sharp inhale] 91 00:07:39,918 --> 00:07:41,879 [ship horn blares] 92 00:07:44,882 --> 00:07:47,843 {\an8}[soft music] 93 00:08:02,774 --> 00:08:05,235 [sighs] 94 00:08:15,370 --> 00:08:17,497 Sheriff? 95 00:08:17,581 --> 00:08:23,670 Miss Malloy, meet Joe Bayliss, Sheriff of Chippewa County. 96 00:08:23,754 --> 00:08:24,880 Would that be upstate? 97 00:08:27,257 --> 00:08:28,091 No, ma'am. 98 00:08:31,011 --> 00:08:31,929 Oh. 99 00:08:32,012 --> 00:08:33,931 [vehicle engine idling] 100 00:08:37,976 --> 00:08:40,103 [linotype printing] 101 00:08:40,938 --> 00:08:42,898 [gears chugging] 102 00:08:45,400 --> 00:08:47,361 [banging on door] 103 00:08:49,780 --> 00:08:52,199 ALAINE RICARD: Edith. 104 00:08:52,282 --> 00:08:53,659 EDITH BELL: It's been almost a week 105 00:08:53,742 --> 00:08:55,285 since I gave you that story. 106 00:08:55,369 --> 00:08:57,371 And you come in here, smelling like a chamber pot, 107 00:08:57,454 --> 00:08:59,456 expecting payment. 108 00:08:59,539 --> 00:09:00,582 I have it. 109 00:09:00,666 --> 00:09:03,919 I have the story. 110 00:09:04,002 --> 00:09:04,962 It's stale. 111 00:09:05,045 --> 00:09:06,672 It's worthless. 112 00:09:06,755 --> 00:09:09,132 [muffled linotype grinding] 113 00:09:14,972 --> 00:09:17,432 What do you want from me, Alaine? 114 00:09:17,516 --> 00:09:18,642 You said $1 and a quarter. 115 00:09:23,981 --> 00:09:27,067 I'll give you 90-cents for the hooker story, but that's it. 116 00:09:27,150 --> 00:09:28,610 I can't even use it. 117 00:09:35,284 --> 00:09:37,160 [coins jingling] 118 00:09:38,203 --> 00:09:39,830 ALAINE RICARD: What's this? 119 00:09:39,913 --> 00:09:41,540 This is the ship that sank with a bunch of rich people 120 00:09:41,623 --> 00:09:43,500 that died? 121 00:09:43,583 --> 00:09:46,670 Most of them were poor immigrants. 122 00:09:46,753 --> 00:09:48,130 What's the angle? 123 00:09:48,213 --> 00:09:49,089 I don't know, Alaine. 124 00:09:49,172 --> 00:09:51,466 Why don't you find it? 125 00:09:51,550 --> 00:09:53,343 [pencil scratching] 126 00:09:55,679 --> 00:09:58,181 ALAINE RICARD: And write it in my name? 127 00:09:58,265 --> 00:10:00,600 This isn't the time. 128 00:10:00,684 --> 00:10:03,103 [LINOTYPE CHUGGING IN THE DISTANCE] 129 00:10:04,146 --> 00:10:06,606 [ship horn blares] 130 00:10:07,607 --> 00:10:10,068 [indistinct voices] 131 00:10:14,573 --> 00:10:16,992 [heavy footsteps] 132 00:10:28,962 --> 00:10:30,630 [police siren] 133 00:10:31,631 --> 00:10:33,008 MAGGIE MALLOY: No, no, no, no, no, officer. 134 00:10:33,091 --> 00:10:34,593 That's Senator Smith in this motor vehicle, 135 00:10:34,676 --> 00:10:35,510 so you're the one who's going to have to back off. 136 00:10:35,594 --> 00:10:36,428 We have to park here. 137 00:10:36,511 --> 00:10:37,346 Off you go. 138 00:10:37,429 --> 00:10:38,680 Thank you. 139 00:10:39,056 --> 00:10:40,974 Now, please, tell me we have the President's blessing. 140 00:10:41,058 --> 00:10:42,684 MAGGIE MALLOY: Of course, we do. 141 00:10:42,768 --> 00:10:45,979 Mr. Taft even sent gunboats to escort the rescue ship. 142 00:10:46,063 --> 00:10:49,274 Titanic's Chairman Mr. Ismay sent messages asking for a ship 143 00:10:49,358 --> 00:10:51,526 to return the officers and crew to Europe. 144 00:10:51,610 --> 00:10:53,695 I don't think they had plans of even stepping ashore 145 00:10:53,779 --> 00:10:55,322 in America, not even the docks. 146 00:11:00,702 --> 00:11:04,539 You, sir, sir, sir, I'm looking for a list. A list. 147 00:11:04,623 --> 00:11:07,042 [indistinct] Mister Moss [indistinct]... 148 00:11:07,125 --> 00:11:08,377 Samuel Moss. Can you help me? 149 00:11:08,460 --> 00:11:10,670 Excuse me, excuse me. 150 00:11:10,754 --> 00:11:13,465 [melancholy music] 151 00:11:14,466 --> 00:11:16,218 WOMAN: ...have to come through Ellis Island. 152 00:11:19,721 --> 00:11:22,599 [camera flash bulb pops] 153 00:11:22,682 --> 00:11:25,602 [indistinct conversations] 154 00:11:31,066 --> 00:11:32,484 No, sir. 155 00:11:32,567 --> 00:11:34,027 I need to pass through. 156 00:11:34,111 --> 00:11:37,114 No, no, not till everyone's ashore. 157 00:11:37,197 --> 00:11:38,407 Ah! Oh! 158 00:11:38,490 --> 00:11:39,408 Watch your step. 159 00:11:39,491 --> 00:11:40,909 Let me get that for you. 160 00:11:40,992 --> 00:11:41,910 So sorry! 161 00:11:41,993 --> 00:11:43,954 Musn't fall behind, ma'am. 162 00:11:48,208 --> 00:11:49,376 Thank you. 163 00:11:49,459 --> 00:11:51,336 [breathing heavy] 164 00:11:53,588 --> 00:11:54,423 OK. 165 00:11:59,886 --> 00:12:00,804 [knocking] 166 00:12:00,887 --> 00:12:01,888 Mr. Bruce Ismay? 167 00:12:05,058 --> 00:12:06,643 For business with the White Star Line, 168 00:12:06,726 --> 00:12:08,311 speak to my agent, Mr. Franklin. 169 00:12:12,732 --> 00:12:14,234 [envelope drops] 170 00:12:17,404 --> 00:12:18,655 What's this all about? 171 00:12:18,738 --> 00:12:19,781 WILLIAM SMITH: Mr. Ismay, you've just 172 00:12:19,865 --> 00:12:21,825 been served with a subpoena. 173 00:12:21,908 --> 00:12:24,494 You're required to appear before a special subcommittee 174 00:12:24,578 --> 00:12:25,829 of the United States Senate. 175 00:12:25,912 --> 00:12:27,080 BRUCE ISMAY: No, sir, I'm not. 176 00:12:27,164 --> 00:12:28,832 I'm a British citizen. 177 00:12:28,915 --> 00:12:31,042 WILLIAM SMITH: And I am William Alden Smith, a United States 178 00:12:31,126 --> 00:12:33,295 senator, chairman of the committee 179 00:12:33,378 --> 00:12:35,881 investigating the cause of one of the greatest 180 00:12:35,964 --> 00:12:38,550 maritime disasters in history. 181 00:12:38,633 --> 00:12:40,469 [music playing] 182 00:12:43,722 --> 00:12:47,142 The Titanic. Your ship, sir. 183 00:12:49,895 --> 00:12:52,606 I must say, you move very fast, senator. 184 00:12:52,689 --> 00:12:54,483 Very well, you have my cooperation. 185 00:12:54,566 --> 00:12:56,568 I'll speak with you at my very first opportunity. 186 00:12:56,651 --> 00:12:58,487 10:00 tomorrow morning, the East Room 187 00:12:58,570 --> 00:13:01,490 at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel. 188 00:13:01,573 --> 00:13:02,491 I'm sorry, Senator. 189 00:13:02,574 --> 00:13:04,784 That's really not possible. 190 00:13:04,868 --> 00:13:06,828 WILLIAM SMITH: Mr. Ismay, I have in my possession 191 00:13:06,912 --> 00:13:09,289 copies of your wireless telegrams 192 00:13:09,372 --> 00:13:11,917 sent from this very ship. 193 00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:15,545 It seems you were in a rush to return your crew to Europe. 194 00:13:15,629 --> 00:13:17,297 Excuse me? 195 00:13:17,380 --> 00:13:19,049 (READING) "Titanic crew aboard Carpathia 196 00:13:19,132 --> 00:13:21,134 should be returned home earliest moment possible. 197 00:13:21,218 --> 00:13:22,052 Stop." 198 00:13:22,135 --> 00:13:23,261 "Suggest holding Cedric. 199 00:13:23,345 --> 00:13:24,429 Sailing daylight Friday. 200 00:13:24,513 --> 00:13:25,388 Returning in"-- 201 00:13:25,472 --> 00:13:27,182 I've done nothing illegal. 202 00:13:27,265 --> 00:13:29,726 I think it most unwise to keep titanic crew until Saturday 203 00:13:29,809 --> 00:13:31,353 strongly urge sailing- 204 00:13:31,436 --> 00:13:32,938 BRUCE ISMAY: I have every right to leave this country. 205 00:13:33,021 --> 00:13:36,107 - very important to hold Cedric for Titanic. 206 00:13:36,191 --> 00:13:38,902 BRUCE ISMAY: Enough! 207 00:13:38,985 --> 00:13:41,154 Mr. Ismay, you and your crew will remain here 208 00:13:41,238 --> 00:13:43,281 until my inquiry is complete. 209 00:13:43,365 --> 00:13:44,950 And you will give the American people 210 00:13:45,033 --> 00:13:47,994 an accounting of your actions. 211 00:13:48,078 --> 00:13:50,038 I shall be contacting the British ambassador. 212 00:13:50,121 --> 00:13:52,123 You are welcome to contact anyone you wish, 213 00:13:52,207 --> 00:13:54,125 once you have stepped ashore and placed yourself 214 00:13:54,209 --> 00:13:57,295 and your crew at my disposal. 215 00:13:57,379 --> 00:14:00,882 I will not be treated like a child. 216 00:14:00,966 --> 00:14:02,884 Perhaps if you were, your seat on the lifeboat 217 00:14:02,968 --> 00:14:04,427 would have been more appropriate. 218 00:14:07,639 --> 00:14:11,309 I find that remark deeply offensive. 219 00:14:11,393 --> 00:14:15,814 What is offensive is that 1,500 of your passengers 220 00:14:15,897 --> 00:14:17,315 are dead. 221 00:14:17,399 --> 00:14:19,776 [melancholic music] 222 00:14:23,238 --> 00:14:26,283 [chair creaks] 223 00:14:26,366 --> 00:14:27,534 [in German] Keine papiere, keine papiere. 224 00:14:27,617 --> 00:14:29,578 I have no idea what he's saying. 225 00:14:29,661 --> 00:14:31,204 - [non-english speech] - Get back. 226 00:14:31,288 --> 00:14:32,247 No, no, get back. 227 00:14:32,330 --> 00:14:33,498 We're not finished with you yet. 228 00:14:33,582 --> 00:14:34,916 MAGGIE MALLOY: I don't understand. 229 00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:36,543 What have they done? 230 00:14:36,626 --> 00:14:38,003 They have no papers. 231 00:14:38,086 --> 00:14:39,838 MAGGIE MALLOY: Perhaps, they don't have any. 232 00:14:39,921 --> 00:14:41,423 They're just lucky to be alive. 233 00:14:41,506 --> 00:14:42,841 They could be steerage. 234 00:14:42,924 --> 00:14:46,344 We can't let them through with nothing. 235 00:14:46,428 --> 00:14:48,013 You are correct. 236 00:14:48,096 --> 00:14:50,140 They should be given food, clothing, and a warm bed. 237 00:14:50,223 --> 00:14:52,726 MAGGIE MALLOY: This is Senator Smith, Chairman of the Senate 238 00:14:52,809 --> 00:14:55,353 Investigative Committee. 239 00:14:55,437 --> 00:14:56,771 We have our orders, Senator. 240 00:14:56,855 --> 00:14:59,441 Yes, and they'll be changing any minute now. 241 00:14:59,524 --> 00:15:00,817 Find the Immigration Commissioner 242 00:15:00,900 --> 00:15:02,402 and have him get this process moving. 243 00:15:06,072 --> 00:15:09,993 Let these people in. 244 00:15:10,076 --> 00:15:12,287 [music playing] 245 00:15:20,879 --> 00:15:22,547 [exhales loudly] 246 00:15:23,465 --> 00:15:25,842 [pencil scratches paper] 247 00:15:49,324 --> 00:15:51,201 [scraping] 248 00:15:59,250 --> 00:16:01,836 Good morning, gentlemen. 249 00:16:01,920 --> 00:16:06,299 I'm Ambassador James Bryce with the British embassy. 250 00:16:06,383 --> 00:16:08,093 Lightoller, 2nd Officer. 251 00:16:08,176 --> 00:16:09,636 A pleasure to meet you, gentlemen. 252 00:16:09,719 --> 00:16:13,765 I'm very sorry it is under these circumstances. 253 00:16:13,848 --> 00:16:15,767 HAROLD LOWE: Are we going home? 254 00:16:15,850 --> 00:16:18,269 JAMES BRYCE: I'm afraid not at this time. 255 00:16:18,353 --> 00:16:19,896 Mr. Lowe, is it? 256 00:16:19,979 --> 00:16:22,190 Mm. 257 00:16:22,273 --> 00:16:25,652 Gentlemen, please know, this is not a trial. 258 00:16:25,735 --> 00:16:27,237 This is merely an inquiry. 259 00:16:27,320 --> 00:16:31,032 Yes, but it's being held by the US government. 260 00:16:31,116 --> 00:16:34,661 True, a senator from the state of Michigan, to be exact. 261 00:16:34,744 --> 00:16:36,538 CHARLES LIGHTOLLER: Could it lead to a trial? 262 00:16:36,621 --> 00:16:37,914 HAROLD LOWE: Trial for what? 263 00:16:37,997 --> 00:16:39,708 We hit a bloody iceberg. 264 00:16:39,791 --> 00:16:41,584 We are not Americans. 265 00:16:41,668 --> 00:16:44,129 Explain how this is even legal. 266 00:16:44,212 --> 00:16:46,715 To be honest, I'm not exactly certain that they 267 00:16:46,798 --> 00:16:48,550 have the right to detain you. 268 00:16:48,633 --> 00:16:51,761 But Mr. JP Morgan is concerned for his ships, 269 00:16:51,845 --> 00:16:56,933 and the US Senate holds control over all the American ports. 270 00:16:57,016 --> 00:17:00,437 There is a frenzy of interest out there, 271 00:17:00,520 --> 00:17:03,732 and this man Smith is only going to make it worse. 272 00:17:03,815 --> 00:17:06,568 He's a political creature with something to prove. 273 00:17:06,651 --> 00:17:07,944 CHARLES LIGHTOLLER: I understand. 274 00:17:08,027 --> 00:17:10,572 But what exactly does he want from us? 275 00:17:10,655 --> 00:17:13,450 Accountability and compensation for the victims. 276 00:17:13,533 --> 00:17:14,534 HAROLD LOWE: Is that all? 277 00:17:14,617 --> 00:17:16,578 Give them their compensation. 278 00:17:16,661 --> 00:17:18,163 That's what I say. 279 00:17:18,246 --> 00:17:20,331 Some of these poor devils have lost everything, 280 00:17:20,415 --> 00:17:22,584 and they had precious little to begin with. 281 00:17:22,667 --> 00:17:24,335 [clears his throat] 282 00:17:24,419 --> 00:17:26,296 They'll only be compensated if White Star and its employees 283 00:17:26,379 --> 00:17:28,715 are found negligent. 284 00:17:28,798 --> 00:17:32,761 Are you willing to admit to negligence, gentlemen? 285 00:17:32,844 --> 00:17:35,597 I'm sure you wish to protect your own reputations. 286 00:17:35,680 --> 00:17:39,601 Now the newspapers have not been shy of touting your heroism. 287 00:17:39,684 --> 00:17:41,478 As far as they're concerned, your behavior 288 00:17:41,561 --> 00:17:44,063 was all that could be asked of men in your position. 289 00:17:47,066 --> 00:17:50,403 In order to deem compensation appropriate, 290 00:17:50,487 --> 00:17:57,494 White Star would have to be proven criminally liable 291 00:17:57,994 --> 00:17:59,954 or at the very least reckless. 292 00:18:00,038 --> 00:18:02,540 Is that not correct, Ambassador? 293 00:18:02,624 --> 00:18:03,625 JAMES BRYCE: Indeed. 294 00:18:06,544 --> 00:18:08,880 [ominous music] 295 00:18:11,299 --> 00:18:14,219 Yeah, indeed. 296 00:18:14,302 --> 00:18:18,306 Therefore, we cannot simply ignore our collective 297 00:18:18,389 --> 00:18:19,974 interests, gentlemen. 298 00:18:20,058 --> 00:18:22,018 [pensive music] 299 00:18:23,603 --> 00:18:25,355 CHARLES LIGHTOLLER: I believe all we have to state 300 00:18:25,438 --> 00:18:29,359 are the facts, of which we have few. 301 00:18:29,442 --> 00:18:31,194 Nothing more should be expected of us. 302 00:18:33,446 --> 00:18:34,823 {\an8}WILLIAM SMITH: I believe everyone 303 00:18:34,906 --> 00:18:37,951 {\an8}called for is present for today's proceedings. 304 00:18:38,034 --> 00:18:41,287 {\an8}It is a formality that any inquiry called on by the United 305 00:18:41,371 --> 00:18:42,914 {\an8}States Senate commence with the reading 306 00:18:42,997 --> 00:18:46,125 {\an8}of a resolution particular to the case before it. 307 00:18:46,209 --> 00:18:48,127 Senator Newlands of the great state of Nevada, 308 00:18:48,211 --> 00:18:49,462 will you kindly do the honors? 309 00:18:53,007 --> 00:18:55,260 FRANCIS NEWLANDS: (READING) "In the Senate of the United 310 00:18:55,343 --> 00:18:59,722 States, April 17, 1912, that the Committee on Commerce 311 00:18:59,806 --> 00:19:01,724 or a Subcommittee thereof is hereby 312 00:19:01,808 --> 00:19:03,893 authorized and directed to investigate 313 00:19:03,977 --> 00:19:07,063 the causes leading to the wreck of the White Star liner, 314 00:19:07,146 --> 00:19:08,439 the RMS Titanic"-- 315 00:19:08,523 --> 00:19:09,649 [door opens] 316 00:19:09,732 --> 00:19:11,025 - "with a view to such legislation 317 00:19:11,109 --> 00:19:13,152 as may be necessary to prevent any 318 00:19:13,236 --> 00:19:17,073 repetition of such a disaster." 319 00:19:17,156 --> 00:19:18,992 [keys jangling] 320 00:19:20,910 --> 00:19:23,788 "Resolved further that in the report of said Committee, 321 00:19:23,872 --> 00:19:29,627 it shall recommend such action as it shall deem expedient." 322 00:19:29,711 --> 00:19:31,379 Thank you, Senator Newlands. 323 00:19:31,462 --> 00:19:34,966 Mr. Ismay, for the interest of simplifying this hearing, 324 00:19:35,049 --> 00:19:37,427 I'll ask you a few preliminary questions. 325 00:19:37,510 --> 00:19:40,305 First, state your full name, please. 326 00:19:40,388 --> 00:19:42,557 Joseph Bruce Ismay. 327 00:19:42,640 --> 00:19:44,350 WILLIAM SMITH: And your place of residence. 328 00:19:44,434 --> 00:19:45,310 Liverpool, England. 329 00:19:45,393 --> 00:19:46,853 And your age. 330 00:19:46,936 --> 00:19:48,771 BRUCE ISMAY: I shall be 50 on the 12th of December. 331 00:19:53,276 --> 00:19:55,486 49. 332 00:19:55,570 --> 00:19:57,989 Are you an executive of the White Star Line? 333 00:19:58,072 --> 00:20:00,158 BRUCE ISMAY: I am the managing director. 334 00:20:00,241 --> 00:20:01,910 And as such executive, were you 335 00:20:01,993 --> 00:20:06,623 officially designated to make the trial trip of Titanic? 336 00:20:06,706 --> 00:20:08,833 No. 337 00:20:08,917 --> 00:20:11,586 Were you a voluntary passenger? 338 00:20:11,669 --> 00:20:14,255 BRUCE ISMAY: Yes. 339 00:20:14,339 --> 00:20:16,799 [dramatic music] 340 00:20:32,315 --> 00:20:34,275 [sniffs] 341 00:20:35,568 --> 00:20:38,738 [gasp] 342 00:20:38,821 --> 00:20:41,074 Will you kindly tell the committee the circumstances 343 00:20:41,157 --> 00:20:44,160 surrounding your voyage as succinctly as possible, 344 00:20:44,243 --> 00:20:46,496 beginning with your boarding of the vessel at Liverpool, 345 00:20:46,579 --> 00:20:49,207 together with any circumstances you feel would be 346 00:20:49,290 --> 00:20:52,251 beneficial to this committee? 347 00:20:52,335 --> 00:20:55,380 In the first place, I would like 348 00:20:55,463 --> 00:21:01,052 to express my sincere grief at this deplorable catastrophe. 349 00:21:01,135 --> 00:21:02,679 I understand you gentlemen have been 350 00:21:02,762 --> 00:21:05,264 appointed to inquire as to the circumstances 351 00:21:05,348 --> 00:21:07,266 so far as we are concerned. 352 00:21:07,350 --> 00:21:09,185 We welcome it. 353 00:21:09,268 --> 00:21:10,937 We court the fullest inquiry. 354 00:21:11,020 --> 00:21:13,940 We have nothing to conceal, nothing to hide. 355 00:21:17,610 --> 00:21:18,444 Please continue. 356 00:21:25,660 --> 00:21:27,620 [clears throat] 357 00:21:29,622 --> 00:21:31,666 (READING) The ship was built in Belfast 358 00:21:31,749 --> 00:21:33,668 by the Harland & Wolff Company. 359 00:21:33,751 --> 00:21:35,962 Absolutely no expense was spared in her construction. 360 00:21:36,045 --> 00:21:37,922 [crowd mumbling] 361 00:21:41,342 --> 00:21:42,802 You were saying. 362 00:21:42,885 --> 00:21:45,680 [crowd's mumbling softens] 363 00:21:45,763 --> 00:21:47,098 [clears throat] 364 00:21:47,181 --> 00:21:48,474 I understand it has been stated the ship 365 00:21:48,558 --> 00:21:50,435 was traveling at full speed. 366 00:21:50,518 --> 00:21:53,521 Titanic had never been at full speed. 367 00:21:53,604 --> 00:21:56,858 So far as I'm aware, she never exceeded 75 revolutions. 368 00:21:56,941 --> 00:21:58,401 She had not all her boilers on. 369 00:21:58,484 --> 00:22:00,445 It was our intention if we had fine weather 370 00:22:00,528 --> 00:22:02,155 on Monday afternoon and Tuesday, to drive 371 00:22:02,238 --> 00:22:03,990 the ship at full speed. 372 00:22:04,073 --> 00:22:09,412 That, owing to the unfortunate catastrophe, never eventuated. 373 00:22:09,495 --> 00:22:12,415 Can you describe what you did immediately 374 00:22:12,498 --> 00:22:13,458 following the impact? 375 00:22:16,377 --> 00:22:20,715 I (READING) put my coat on, made my way to the bridge, 376 00:22:20,798 --> 00:22:22,633 where I found Captain Smith. 377 00:22:22,717 --> 00:22:26,846 He said, "We have struck ice." 378 00:22:26,929 --> 00:22:29,849 I asked him if he thought the ship was seriously damaged. 379 00:22:29,932 --> 00:22:34,187 He said, "I'm afraid she is." 380 00:22:34,270 --> 00:22:36,064 I then went down below, where I met 381 00:22:36,147 --> 00:22:37,899 Mr. Bell, the chief engineer. 382 00:22:37,982 --> 00:22:42,653 He was quite satisfied the pumps would keep her afloat. 383 00:22:42,737 --> 00:22:46,365 I went up to the top deck, where I heard the orders 384 00:22:46,449 --> 00:22:48,951 given to get the lifeboats out. 385 00:22:49,035 --> 00:22:50,745 CREW: Ready the lifeboats. 386 00:22:50,828 --> 00:22:53,289 [ominous music] 387 00:23:00,922 --> 00:23:01,756 Man your station. 388 00:23:07,220 --> 00:23:09,597 [music intensifies] 389 00:23:09,680 --> 00:23:12,850 [MUFFLED SOUNDS OF CREW READYING THE LIFEBOATS] 390 00:23:36,749 --> 00:23:38,084 Ready the lifeboats, young man. 391 00:23:41,796 --> 00:23:42,630 Yes, sir. 392 00:23:47,176 --> 00:23:48,553 BRUCE ISMAY: I stood upon that deck 393 00:23:48,636 --> 00:23:50,054 practically until I left the ship 394 00:23:50,138 --> 00:23:51,764 in the starboard collapsible, which 395 00:23:51,848 --> 00:23:56,978 was the last boat to leave the ship, so far as I know. 396 00:23:57,061 --> 00:24:00,189 You stated that it was a voluntary trip on your part? 397 00:24:00,273 --> 00:24:01,983 BRUCE ISMAY: Yes, sir. 398 00:24:02,066 --> 00:24:04,360 For the purpose of viewing this ship in action 399 00:24:04,443 --> 00:24:07,363 or did you have some business in New York? 400 00:24:07,446 --> 00:24:08,906 I had no business. 401 00:24:08,990 --> 00:24:10,408 I simply came in the natural course of events, 402 00:24:10,491 --> 00:24:13,035 as one is apt to. 403 00:24:13,119 --> 00:24:16,789 "As one is apt to"? 404 00:24:16,873 --> 00:24:19,667 In the case of a new ship, to see how she works 405 00:24:19,750 --> 00:24:23,045 and with an idea of seeing how we could improve on her. 406 00:24:23,129 --> 00:24:25,464 Were there any other executive officers 407 00:24:25,548 --> 00:24:27,300 of the company on board? 408 00:24:27,383 --> 00:24:28,759 BRUCE ISMAY: No. 409 00:24:28,843 --> 00:24:31,846 Was the inspector or the builder on board? 410 00:24:31,929 --> 00:24:34,265 There was a representative of the builders, 411 00:24:34,348 --> 00:24:35,558 a Mr. Thomas Andrews. 412 00:24:38,227 --> 00:24:39,729 Was he among the survivors? 413 00:24:42,523 --> 00:24:43,774 Unfortunately, no. 414 00:24:46,569 --> 00:24:50,364 Mr. Ismay, as the only executive aboard representing 415 00:24:50,448 --> 00:24:52,325 your company, did you have the occasion 416 00:24:52,408 --> 00:24:54,535 to consult with the Captain about the movements 417 00:24:54,619 --> 00:24:56,412 of the ship? 418 00:24:56,495 --> 00:24:58,080 Never! 419 00:24:58,164 --> 00:25:00,333 Are you quite certain of that, Mr. Ismay? 420 00:25:03,211 --> 00:25:07,465 I-- I do not know that is quite a matter of consulting 421 00:25:07,548 --> 00:25:10,968 him or if he's consulting me, but we agreed there was nothing 422 00:25:11,052 --> 00:25:13,012 to be gained by arriving in New York 423 00:25:13,095 --> 00:25:14,722 earlier than Wednesday morning. 424 00:25:14,805 --> 00:25:17,892 But this was all arranged before we even left Queenstown. 425 00:25:17,975 --> 00:25:20,228 You spoke of the revolutions on the early part 426 00:25:20,311 --> 00:25:21,312 of the voyage. 427 00:25:21,395 --> 00:25:23,105 BRUCE ISMAY: Yes, sir. 428 00:25:23,189 --> 00:25:27,485 These were increased as the distance increased. 429 00:25:27,568 --> 00:25:29,195 Bring out a new ship like Titanic, 430 00:25:29,278 --> 00:25:31,614 you naturally do not start running at full speed. 431 00:25:34,742 --> 00:25:38,162 Mr. Ismay, during the voyage, did 432 00:25:38,246 --> 00:25:42,750 you have any knowledge as to your proximity to icebergs? 433 00:25:42,833 --> 00:25:45,544 Did I know that we were near icebergs? 434 00:25:45,628 --> 00:25:48,047 That was the question, yes. 435 00:25:48,130 --> 00:25:49,799 No, sir, I did not. 436 00:25:49,882 --> 00:25:52,635 I know ice had been reported. 437 00:25:52,718 --> 00:25:56,097 Ice had been reported. 438 00:25:56,180 --> 00:25:57,598 Yes. 439 00:25:57,682 --> 00:26:00,059 Did you personally see any icebergs 440 00:26:00,142 --> 00:26:03,479 or any large volume of ice? 441 00:26:03,562 --> 00:26:07,817 No, not until after the accident. 442 00:26:07,900 --> 00:26:09,026 Not until after the wreck. 443 00:26:11,904 --> 00:26:14,282 I had never seen an iceberg in my life. 444 00:26:14,365 --> 00:26:15,908 It was absolutely out of my province. 445 00:26:15,992 --> 00:26:16,909 I am not a navigator. 446 00:26:16,993 --> 00:26:20,162 I was simply a passenger. 447 00:26:20,246 --> 00:26:21,998 Are you aware of a wireless message 448 00:26:22,081 --> 00:26:28,087 received by Titanic from a troop transport named the SS Amerika? 449 00:26:28,170 --> 00:26:29,338 No, sir. 450 00:26:29,422 --> 00:26:31,173 Saying that she had encountered ice 451 00:26:31,257 --> 00:26:34,176 in that exact same latitude? 452 00:26:34,260 --> 00:26:36,721 No, sir. 453 00:26:36,804 --> 00:26:39,265 Were you aware of icebergs on Sunday? 454 00:26:39,348 --> 00:26:40,308 BRUCE ISMAY: On Sunday? 455 00:26:40,391 --> 00:26:43,894 No, I did not know on Sunday. 456 00:26:43,978 --> 00:26:48,649 I knew we would be in the ice region that night some time. 457 00:26:48,733 --> 00:26:52,862 That you would be or that you were? 458 00:26:52,945 --> 00:26:57,408 That we would be in the ice region on Sunday night. 459 00:26:57,491 --> 00:27:00,536 Did you consult with the Captain about this matter? 460 00:27:00,619 --> 00:27:03,706 Absolutely not. 461 00:27:03,789 --> 00:27:07,752 Mr. Ismay, will you describe in detail 462 00:27:07,835 --> 00:27:11,881 the circumstances of your departure from the ship? 463 00:27:11,964 --> 00:27:14,300 [soft music] 464 00:27:18,179 --> 00:27:20,681 (READING) The officer called out, 465 00:27:20,765 --> 00:27:22,475 asking if there were any more women, 466 00:27:22,558 --> 00:27:23,893 and there was no response. 467 00:27:23,976 --> 00:27:27,313 And none were left on deck. 468 00:27:27,396 --> 00:27:31,275 As the boat was in the act of being lowered away, I boarded. 469 00:27:34,945 --> 00:27:36,364 As the Titanic was sinking? 470 00:27:40,034 --> 00:27:41,369 (QUIETLY) Sinking, yes. 471 00:27:41,452 --> 00:27:42,411 WILLIAM SMITH: I'm sorry. 472 00:27:42,495 --> 00:27:44,121 We're having trouble hearing. 473 00:27:44,205 --> 00:27:45,331 (LOUDER) She was sinking. 474 00:27:49,293 --> 00:27:53,464 I must ask, were are all the women and children saved? 475 00:27:56,175 --> 00:27:58,135 I'm afraid not, sir. 476 00:27:58,219 --> 00:28:00,721 WILLIAM SMITH: What proportion were saved? 477 00:28:00,805 --> 00:28:01,639 I have no idea. 478 00:28:01,722 --> 00:28:02,556 I have not asked. 479 00:28:08,437 --> 00:28:10,856 After a short recess, we will be calling our next witness, 480 00:28:10,940 --> 00:28:13,651 the Captain of the Carpathia, to whom all the survivors 481 00:28:13,734 --> 00:28:16,320 of the Titanic owe their lives. 482 00:28:21,700 --> 00:28:24,078 [music intensifies] 483 00:28:33,462 --> 00:28:37,425 Senator, I do hope my testimony proved serviceable. 484 00:28:37,508 --> 00:28:39,176 If I can be of assistance in the future, 485 00:28:39,260 --> 00:28:41,470 please do not hesitate to contact my office. 486 00:28:41,554 --> 00:28:44,390 Mr. Ismay, I wouldn't advise making any plans 487 00:28:44,473 --> 00:28:45,516 for the immediate future. 488 00:28:48,519 --> 00:28:49,895 Mr. Smith, if you are determined 489 00:28:49,979 --> 00:28:51,689 to continue with this farce, I suppose there's 490 00:28:51,772 --> 00:28:53,190 little I can do about it. 491 00:28:53,274 --> 00:28:56,235 However, I shall be leaving now. 492 00:28:56,318 --> 00:28:58,904 I'm not discounting the gravity of this situation, 493 00:28:58,988 --> 00:29:01,740 but I can assure you my conscience is clear. 494 00:29:04,743 --> 00:29:07,163 [soft music] 495 00:29:12,585 --> 00:29:14,503 [women whispering] 496 00:29:17,131 --> 00:29:18,883 Do you know who that is? 497 00:29:18,966 --> 00:29:21,385 Countess of Rothes, first-class passenger. 498 00:29:25,431 --> 00:29:27,558 {\an8}FRANCIS NEWLANDS: This man is a hero by all accounts. 499 00:29:27,641 --> 00:29:29,643 I recommend this be handled delicately. 500 00:29:29,727 --> 00:29:31,729 He's a ship captain with relevant experience, 501 00:29:31,812 --> 00:29:33,355 and he was the first one on the scene. 502 00:29:38,068 --> 00:29:41,155 Please state your name and title. 503 00:29:41,238 --> 00:29:46,076 Arthur H. Rostron, Captain of the RMS Carpathia. 504 00:29:46,160 --> 00:29:47,828 I will start at the heart of the matter. 505 00:29:47,912 --> 00:29:50,039 I suppose you were looking forward to sailing 506 00:29:50,122 --> 00:29:52,291 to your original destination. 507 00:29:52,374 --> 00:29:53,334 Thank you, Senator. 508 00:29:53,417 --> 00:29:55,294 I hope I can be of assistance. 509 00:29:55,377 --> 00:29:57,463 WILLIAM SMITH: Will you walk us through the events 510 00:29:57,546 --> 00:30:02,968 leading up to receiving word that Titanic was in trouble? 511 00:30:03,052 --> 00:30:05,763 Of course. 512 00:30:05,846 --> 00:30:08,474 It was Sunday around midnight. 513 00:30:08,557 --> 00:30:10,976 We had fine, clear weather. 514 00:30:11,060 --> 00:30:14,563 Everything was going on without trouble of any kind. 515 00:30:14,647 --> 00:30:18,359 Then at 12:35 AM, I was informed of an urgent distress signal 516 00:30:18,442 --> 00:30:21,445 from the Titanic, requiring immediate assistance. 517 00:30:21,529 --> 00:30:23,822 Informed by whom? 518 00:30:23,906 --> 00:30:26,784 By a wireless operator and the First Officer. 519 00:30:26,867 --> 00:30:28,077 I'd only just turned in. 520 00:30:31,080 --> 00:30:31,914 Please continue. 521 00:30:34,875 --> 00:30:36,585 I asked the operator if he was absolutely 522 00:30:36,669 --> 00:30:39,922 sure it was a distress signal. 523 00:30:40,005 --> 00:30:42,591 I asked him twice. 524 00:30:42,675 --> 00:30:44,176 He assured me he was certain of the message, 525 00:30:44,260 --> 00:30:46,971 and I immediately set course. 526 00:30:47,054 --> 00:30:49,390 I told the chief engineer to call another watch of stokers 527 00:30:49,473 --> 00:30:51,392 and make all possible speed to the Titanic, 528 00:30:51,475 --> 00:30:52,351 as she was in trouble. 529 00:30:54,979 --> 00:30:56,689 I then sent for the head of each department 530 00:30:56,772 --> 00:30:59,692 and had them brought to my cabin. 531 00:30:59,775 --> 00:31:03,946 I ordered the rockets be fired at 2:45 and every quarter 532 00:31:04,029 --> 00:31:07,616 of an hour after to reassure Titanic. 533 00:31:07,700 --> 00:31:09,660 We would like you to leave a copy of that order 534 00:31:09,743 --> 00:31:12,997 with the committee, if you will. 535 00:31:13,080 --> 00:31:16,166 Yes, sir, I shall do it with pleasure. 536 00:31:16,250 --> 00:31:18,460 Thank you, Captain. 537 00:31:18,544 --> 00:31:19,378 You may go on. 538 00:31:22,715 --> 00:31:27,928 At about that time, I saw a flare off the port bow, 539 00:31:28,012 --> 00:31:31,849 a half-point off the port bow. 540 00:31:31,932 --> 00:31:36,020 I assumed correctly it was Titanic herself. 541 00:31:36,103 --> 00:31:39,815 I remarked that she must still be afloat. 542 00:31:39,898 --> 00:31:43,819 Between 2:45 and 4 o'clock when I stopped my engines, 543 00:31:43,902 --> 00:31:47,990 we were passing icebergs on every side. 544 00:31:48,073 --> 00:31:49,617 At 4 o'clock, I stopped. 545 00:31:49,700 --> 00:31:53,495 And by 4:10, we had the first lifeboat alongside. 546 00:31:53,579 --> 00:31:57,333 You are picking up these people now? 547 00:31:57,416 --> 00:31:59,251 Yes. 548 00:31:59,335 --> 00:32:00,878 [pencil scratching paper] 549 00:32:00,961 --> 00:32:02,838 WILLIAM SMITH: Will you describe that for us, please? 550 00:32:05,132 --> 00:32:07,301 ARTHUR ROSTRON: By the time we had the first lifeboat, 551 00:32:07,384 --> 00:32:08,677 it was breaking day. 552 00:32:08,761 --> 00:32:10,763 And I could-- 553 00:32:10,846 --> 00:32:14,183 I could see the remaining boats all around within an area 554 00:32:14,266 --> 00:32:17,811 of about four miles. 555 00:32:17,895 --> 00:32:21,815 I saw also that I was surrounded by icebergs. 556 00:32:21,899 --> 00:32:23,567 They were anywhere from-- 557 00:32:23,651 --> 00:32:28,238 [clears throat] 150 to 200-feet high and numerous smaller bergs. 558 00:32:30,741 --> 00:32:32,451 I maneuvered the ship and gradually 559 00:32:32,534 --> 00:32:35,120 got all boats alongside and all the people aboard by 8:30. 560 00:32:38,999 --> 00:32:40,751 I was then very close to where Titanic 561 00:32:40,834 --> 00:32:47,257 must have gone down, as there was a lot of hardly wreckage. 562 00:32:50,135 --> 00:32:53,347 Then the Leyland Line steamer Californian hove up. 563 00:32:53,430 --> 00:32:56,016 We exchanged messages. 564 00:32:56,100 --> 00:32:57,976 I told them the Titanic had gone down, 565 00:32:58,060 --> 00:32:59,603 that I had her passengers. 566 00:33:02,272 --> 00:33:04,233 They asked if they should search around, 567 00:33:04,316 --> 00:33:06,193 and I said, yes, as we weren't certain we could 568 00:33:06,276 --> 00:33:08,904 account for all the boats. 569 00:33:08,987 --> 00:33:11,949 It was then 10:50. 570 00:33:12,032 --> 00:33:13,325 I'd like to go back again-- 571 00:33:13,409 --> 00:33:15,577 [clears throat] a little bit. 572 00:33:15,661 --> 00:33:18,539 At 8:30, all the people were on board. 573 00:33:18,622 --> 00:33:22,835 I asked the purser to hold a service, a short prayer 574 00:33:22,918 --> 00:33:27,381 of thankfulness for those who were saved, a short burial 575 00:33:27,464 --> 00:33:28,507 service for those who lost. 576 00:33:28,590 --> 00:33:29,842 [indistinct echoes] 577 00:33:29,925 --> 00:33:32,261 MAN: (MUFFLED) Hallowed be Thy name. 578 00:33:32,344 --> 00:33:33,804 Thy Kingdom come. 579 00:33:33,887 --> 00:33:37,808 Thy will be done in Earth as it is in heaven. 580 00:33:37,891 --> 00:33:39,309 Floating, sir. 581 00:33:39,393 --> 00:33:40,602 It was the only body we saw. 582 00:33:43,188 --> 00:33:46,608 Was it male or female? 583 00:33:46,692 --> 00:33:50,404 Male, member of the crew, I believe. 584 00:33:50,487 --> 00:33:52,614 Titanic's passengers were still knocking about on deck, 585 00:33:52,698 --> 00:33:55,701 and I didn't want to cause any unnecessary excitement 586 00:33:55,784 --> 00:34:01,540 or hysteria, so I steamed past. 587 00:34:01,623 --> 00:34:05,085 Captain, can you tell us how many lifeboats 588 00:34:05,169 --> 00:34:06,962 you came across in total? 589 00:34:07,045 --> 00:34:08,422 ARTHUR ROSTRON: We had 15 lifeboats 590 00:34:08,505 --> 00:34:11,049 alongside with passengers. 591 00:34:11,133 --> 00:34:14,470 There was also a Berthon Boat, which is collapsible. 592 00:34:14,553 --> 00:34:15,387 It had been abandoned. 593 00:34:15,471 --> 00:34:17,514 It was badly damaged. 594 00:34:17,598 --> 00:34:19,641 It was in a sinking condition. 595 00:34:19,725 --> 00:34:21,852 There was-- there was nobody in it. 596 00:34:21,935 --> 00:34:24,062 It was empty. 597 00:34:24,146 --> 00:34:26,857 How many people could that have held? 598 00:34:26,940 --> 00:34:29,359 60 to 75 comfortably. 599 00:34:33,864 --> 00:34:35,783 Captain, have you concluded that you did not 600 00:34:35,866 --> 00:34:38,994 see the ill-fated ship at all? 601 00:34:39,077 --> 00:34:43,457 We arrived an hour and a half after she went down. 602 00:34:43,540 --> 00:34:45,042 [loud exhale] 603 00:34:45,125 --> 00:34:49,671 In your company, who was the master of a ship at sea? 604 00:34:49,755 --> 00:34:51,048 The Captain. 605 00:34:51,131 --> 00:34:52,549 WILLIAM SMITH: In absolute control? 606 00:34:52,633 --> 00:34:54,676 Absolute control, legal and otherwise. 607 00:34:54,760 --> 00:34:56,804 No one can interfere. 608 00:34:56,887 --> 00:34:58,597 And if that had not been so, you 609 00:34:58,680 --> 00:35:00,766 would not have felt it proper to have gone off your course 610 00:35:00,849 --> 00:35:02,851 quite so far. 611 00:35:02,935 --> 00:35:04,394 Correct. 612 00:35:04,478 --> 00:35:06,814 Do you regard the route the Titanic was 613 00:35:06,897 --> 00:35:09,483 taking as entirely practical and appropriate 614 00:35:09,566 --> 00:35:10,859 at this time of year? 615 00:35:10,943 --> 00:35:12,486 Quite so. 616 00:35:12,569 --> 00:35:14,571 WILLIAM SMITH: Even having the warning 617 00:35:14,655 --> 00:35:17,783 that icebergs were in the vicinity, 618 00:35:17,866 --> 00:35:19,451 could he not under the circumstances 619 00:35:19,535 --> 00:35:22,579 have altered his course somewhat to avoid them? 620 00:35:22,663 --> 00:35:25,123 That's impossible for me to tell. 621 00:35:25,207 --> 00:35:27,668 All I can say is that he was on the track 622 00:35:27,751 --> 00:35:30,379 for the western-bound steamer, his proper track 623 00:35:30,462 --> 00:35:31,713 where he ought to have been. 624 00:35:31,797 --> 00:35:33,465 At this time of year. 625 00:35:33,549 --> 00:35:35,092 At this time of year. 626 00:35:35,175 --> 00:35:37,261 So what would be a safe reasonable speed 627 00:35:37,344 --> 00:35:40,222 for a vessel of that size on such a route 628 00:35:40,305 --> 00:35:43,851 in the proximity of icebergs? 629 00:35:43,934 --> 00:35:45,978 Well, of course, I do not know the ship. 630 00:35:46,061 --> 00:35:48,146 I know absolutely nothing about her. 631 00:35:48,230 --> 00:35:50,691 WILLIAM SMITH: But how would you have felt yourself about it? 632 00:35:50,774 --> 00:35:55,362 Suppose you were taking your ship on that route. 633 00:35:55,445 --> 00:35:57,990 How fast would you have thought it prudent to go 634 00:35:58,073 --> 00:36:00,492 in such a situation? 635 00:36:00,576 --> 00:36:02,160 All I can tell you is this, gentlemen. 636 00:36:02,244 --> 00:36:05,497 I knew there was ice about. 637 00:36:05,581 --> 00:36:08,166 How did you know that? 638 00:36:08,250 --> 00:36:11,044 From Titanic's message, that she'd struck ice. 639 00:36:15,507 --> 00:36:20,637 And, yet, you still went full speed. 640 00:36:20,721 --> 00:36:21,555 I did. 641 00:36:25,350 --> 00:36:27,144 Captain Rostron, how many lifeboats 642 00:36:27,227 --> 00:36:29,229 do you carry on the Carpathia? 643 00:36:29,313 --> 00:36:31,106 We carry 20. 644 00:36:31,189 --> 00:36:33,191 WILLIAM SMITH: In obedience to certain regulations 645 00:36:33,275 --> 00:36:36,403 of the British Board of Trade. 646 00:36:36,486 --> 00:36:38,697 I think it's 20, yes. 647 00:36:38,780 --> 00:36:41,199 WILLIAM SMITH: The fact that, under these regulations, 648 00:36:41,283 --> 00:36:43,285 you are obliged to carry 20 lifeboats 649 00:36:43,368 --> 00:36:46,747 and the Titanic is only obliged to carry 20 650 00:36:46,830 --> 00:36:51,585 with three times the tonnage suggests that these regulations 651 00:36:51,668 --> 00:36:53,378 were prescribed long ago. 652 00:36:53,462 --> 00:36:55,797 ARTHUR ROSTRON: No, sir, it's to do with the ship itself. 653 00:36:55,881 --> 00:37:01,053 Uh, they're built nowadays to be practically unsinkable, 654 00:37:01,136 --> 00:37:06,016 and so each ship is supposed to be a lifeboat in itself. 655 00:37:06,099 --> 00:37:08,310 The lifeboats are put on merely as a standby. 656 00:37:11,188 --> 00:37:13,649 [newlands whispers to smith] 657 00:37:15,651 --> 00:37:17,694 [knocking] 658 00:37:21,198 --> 00:37:23,617 [doorknob turns] 659 00:37:34,586 --> 00:37:37,047 [dramatic music] 660 00:38:13,291 --> 00:38:16,336 You say, Captain, that you ran under a full head of steam 661 00:38:16,420 --> 00:38:18,630 toward Titanic. 662 00:38:18,714 --> 00:38:21,550 I-- I can confess only this. 663 00:38:21,633 --> 00:38:25,762 If I'd known at the time there was so much ice about, 664 00:38:25,846 --> 00:38:27,723 I should not. 665 00:38:27,806 --> 00:38:30,851 But I was right in it then. 666 00:38:30,934 --> 00:38:35,147 I also had to consider what I was going for. 667 00:38:35,230 --> 00:38:38,191 [water dripping] 668 00:38:58,587 --> 00:39:00,547 [loud crash] 669 00:39:14,644 --> 00:39:17,230 ARTHUR ROSTRON: I'll tell you this. 670 00:39:17,314 --> 00:39:21,359 Our wireless operator was in his cabin, 671 00:39:21,443 --> 00:39:23,236 not on official business at all. 672 00:39:23,320 --> 00:39:26,782 He was simply listening as he was undressing. 673 00:39:26,865 --> 00:39:29,910 Another 10 minutes maybe, he would have been in bed. 674 00:39:29,993 --> 00:39:31,328 We would have missed the message. 675 00:39:34,456 --> 00:39:36,041 Remarkable coincidence. 676 00:39:40,545 --> 00:39:44,299 Captain, if you take the case of the Titanic, whose tonnage 677 00:39:44,382 --> 00:39:48,678 was far more than that of your ship, which had, 678 00:39:48,762 --> 00:39:53,016 I believe, the same number of lifeboats, in your opinion, how 679 00:39:53,100 --> 00:39:56,353 many additional boats could that vessel accommodate 680 00:39:56,436 --> 00:39:59,940 without inconvenience? 681 00:40:00,023 --> 00:40:04,069 I have not the faintest idea, sir, what the Titanic was like. 682 00:40:04,152 --> 00:40:06,863 I believe she's the sister ship of the Olympic, which I once 683 00:40:06,947 --> 00:40:08,115 saw at the end of our dock. 684 00:40:08,198 --> 00:40:09,533 You think she could accommodate 685 00:40:09,616 --> 00:40:12,911 considerably more, do you not? 686 00:40:12,994 --> 00:40:14,412 If she could not accommodate them, 687 00:40:14,496 --> 00:40:16,915 she could be made to accommodate them. 688 00:40:16,998 --> 00:40:18,291 How do you account for the fact 689 00:40:18,375 --> 00:40:19,751 that the Board of Trade of England, 690 00:40:19,835 --> 00:40:21,545 as the size of these ships has increased, 691 00:40:21,628 --> 00:40:26,216 has not compelled an increase in the number of lifeboats? 692 00:40:26,299 --> 00:40:30,971 The maximum, I believe, is 20 boats, is it not? 693 00:40:31,054 --> 00:40:32,722 Yes, I believe it is. 694 00:40:32,806 --> 00:40:35,767 But they have compelled a different design of the ship. 695 00:40:35,851 --> 00:40:38,353 Captain Rostron, please confirm. 696 00:40:38,436 --> 00:40:41,731 They consider the ship itself as a lifeboat? 697 00:40:45,193 --> 00:40:48,196 Yes, sir. 698 00:40:48,280 --> 00:40:52,075 That expectation was certainly not realized with Titanic. 699 00:40:58,915 --> 00:41:01,459 I believe that is all, Captain. 700 00:41:01,543 --> 00:41:03,420 I want to thank you for your courtesy 701 00:41:03,503 --> 00:41:06,882 in appearing before this committee. 702 00:41:06,965 --> 00:41:08,717 You're welcome, sir. 703 00:41:08,800 --> 00:41:10,427 If there's anything further I can do, I shall be very glad. 704 00:41:14,097 --> 00:41:16,641 [soft music] 705 00:41:20,562 --> 00:41:22,063 That's a good first day, wasn't it? 706 00:41:25,859 --> 00:41:27,694 Can I get you anything? 707 00:41:27,777 --> 00:41:31,031 A drink, if you don't mind. 708 00:41:38,788 --> 00:41:41,208 [music intensifies] 709 00:41:48,757 --> 00:41:49,966 ARTHUR PEUCHEN: Outrageous! 710 00:41:50,050 --> 00:41:52,510 That lifeboat was full of women. 711 00:41:52,594 --> 00:41:55,847 I slid down that rope to help them row to safety. 712 00:41:55,931 --> 00:41:58,391 I felt it was my duty. 713 00:41:58,475 --> 00:42:00,018 [screaming] 714 00:42:05,148 --> 00:42:06,858 MAN: Major Peuchen, can you comment 715 00:42:06,942 --> 00:42:10,528 on as to the recent activities of Standard Chemical in Europe? 716 00:42:10,612 --> 00:42:14,783 Oh, by the way, gentlemen, anybody see my wallet? 717 00:42:14,866 --> 00:42:16,785 Excuse me, excuse me. 718 00:42:16,868 --> 00:42:17,702 MAN: Major! 719 00:42:17,786 --> 00:42:18,620 Major! 720 00:42:28,046 --> 00:42:30,674 Whiskey, please, Bushmills. 721 00:42:30,757 --> 00:42:32,008 I'm sorry, ma'am. 722 00:42:32,092 --> 00:42:34,386 This area is reserved for gentlemen. 723 00:42:34,469 --> 00:42:36,346 If you take a seat at one of those tables, 724 00:42:36,429 --> 00:42:39,641 I'd be happy to send someone over to take care of you. 725 00:42:39,724 --> 00:42:42,185 Would you prefer the Senator come over so you could explain 726 00:42:42,269 --> 00:42:43,520 why he's waiting for his drink? 727 00:43:01,037 --> 00:43:01,955 [thump of empty glass] 728 00:43:02,038 --> 00:43:03,456 [coughs] 729 00:43:03,540 --> 00:43:04,416 Thank you. 730 00:43:04,499 --> 00:43:05,458 Now one for the Senator. 731 00:43:16,094 --> 00:43:21,057 [ominous music] 732 00:43:28,398 --> 00:43:30,859 DUCHESS ASCONTI ARESE: Dear Senator, 733 00:43:30,942 --> 00:43:35,613 I wish to applaud your effort. 734 00:43:35,697 --> 00:43:37,741 Thank you. 735 00:43:37,824 --> 00:43:40,744 DUCHESS ASCONTI ARESE: However, if you want my opinion, 736 00:43:40,827 --> 00:43:44,289 there are areas of greater concern. 737 00:43:44,372 --> 00:43:46,458 I'm sorry. 738 00:43:46,541 --> 00:43:48,960 Have we been introduced? 739 00:43:49,044 --> 00:43:53,465 Oh, forgive me, I am Duchess Asconti Arese. 740 00:44:00,513 --> 00:44:07,437 Mr. Senator, my concern is with all those women being 741 00:44:07,520 --> 00:44:10,565 let in without their husbands. 742 00:44:10,648 --> 00:44:14,444 What is this law of the sea? 743 00:44:14,527 --> 00:44:17,947 There were notable men on that ship, worth more than a 100 744 00:44:18,031 --> 00:44:20,408 of those immigrant women. 745 00:44:20,492 --> 00:44:23,912 Why, Mr. Astor, for example, are we not enjoying 746 00:44:23,995 --> 00:44:26,581 his illustrious accommodations? 747 00:44:26,664 --> 00:44:27,499 Hmm? 748 00:44:30,168 --> 00:44:37,175 Senator, we all know these people, how they arrive here 749 00:44:37,842 --> 00:44:41,304 in America, unable to speak the language, 750 00:44:41,388 --> 00:44:43,640 illiterate as they are. 751 00:44:43,723 --> 00:44:45,892 To ask some of the fine men on that boat 752 00:44:45,975 --> 00:44:48,895 to stand back while those people are saved, 753 00:44:48,978 --> 00:44:50,772 I think it's criminal. 754 00:44:50,855 --> 00:44:54,401 What good will they be, a burden to the state is all. 755 00:44:56,820 --> 00:44:57,654 [laughs] 756 00:44:57,737 --> 00:44:59,656 But who am I to say? 757 00:44:59,739 --> 00:45:00,740 [laughing] 758 00:45:01,032 --> 00:45:01,991 Who, indeed. 759 00:45:04,786 --> 00:45:06,162 [sharp inhale] 760 00:45:07,163 --> 00:45:08,039 Good day, ladies. 761 00:45:28,309 --> 00:45:29,519 WILLIAM SMITH: Thank you. 762 00:45:29,602 --> 00:45:31,146 I've had enough opinions for the day. 763 00:45:31,229 --> 00:45:33,064 Sir, it's about your meeting with Mr. Ismay. 764 00:45:33,148 --> 00:45:35,066 WILLIAM SMITH: Media coverage is to be expected. 765 00:45:35,150 --> 00:45:36,526 Aboard the Carpathia. 766 00:45:41,531 --> 00:45:45,452 WILLIAM SMITH: Why would Ismay want this in the paper? 767 00:45:45,535 --> 00:45:48,496 I can't imagine. 768 00:45:48,580 --> 00:45:50,957 WILLIAM SMITH: This man, find him. 769 00:46:00,341 --> 00:46:01,301 WOMAN: Excuse me. 770 00:46:01,384 --> 00:46:02,927 Oh, watch your step. 771 00:46:03,011 --> 00:46:04,012 Let me get that for you. 772 00:46:04,095 --> 00:46:05,388 So sorry. 773 00:46:05,472 --> 00:46:07,891 Musn't fall behind ma'am. 774 00:46:07,974 --> 00:46:10,935 [dramatic music] 775 00:46:43,927 --> 00:46:46,846 [music intensifies] 776 00:47:09,244 --> 00:47:11,704 [footsteps quicken] 777 00:47:35,728 --> 00:47:37,689 [elevator bell dings] 778 00:47:41,693 --> 00:47:43,361 [music intensifies] 779 00:47:44,195 --> 00:47:45,321 [gasps] 780 00:47:46,197 --> 00:47:49,409 [punching and kicking] 781 00:47:56,541 --> 00:47:58,501 [soft cry] 782 00:48:06,050 --> 00:48:07,594 Give my regards to Mr. Morgan. 783 00:48:25,403 --> 00:48:27,822 [dramatic music] 784 00:48:37,332 --> 00:48:39,751 [tapping] 785 00:48:47,258 --> 00:48:49,719 [sizzles] 786 00:48:55,642 --> 00:48:57,560 [sniffs] 787 00:49:15,995 --> 00:49:18,665 [indistinct chatter] 788 00:49:18,748 --> 00:49:20,416 FRANCIS NEWLANDS: Harold S. Bride. 789 00:49:20,500 --> 00:49:23,002 Mr. Phillips, the chief radio operator, did not survive. 790 00:49:36,599 --> 00:49:38,518 [knocking] 791 00:49:40,353 --> 00:49:43,648 Mr. Bride, as the single surviving radio operator 792 00:49:43,731 --> 00:49:47,110 of the Titanic, were you aware of any White Star officers 793 00:49:47,193 --> 00:49:49,070 aboard the ship? 794 00:49:49,153 --> 00:49:52,031 The Titanic was commanded by White Star officers. 795 00:49:52,782 --> 00:49:54,200 I understand. 796 00:49:54,283 --> 00:49:55,451 But were you aware of any general officers? 797 00:49:55,535 --> 00:49:57,036 HAROLD BRIDE: Any what, sir? 798 00:49:57,120 --> 00:50:00,957 Any general officers of the White Star Line? 799 00:50:01,040 --> 00:50:02,667 We had heard Mr. Ismay was on board. 800 00:50:02,750 --> 00:50:04,711 But beyond that, I do not know anything. 801 00:50:04,794 --> 00:50:05,962 You knew of this man? 802 00:50:06,045 --> 00:50:07,213 HAROLD BRIDE: Yes, sir. 803 00:50:07,296 --> 00:50:09,590 Did you see him aboard the Titanic? 804 00:50:10,591 --> 00:50:12,969 I do not think I did, sir. 805 00:50:13,052 --> 00:50:15,930 Did he send or receive any messages through you 806 00:50:16,013 --> 00:50:17,765 during the voyage? 807 00:50:17,849 --> 00:50:23,896 I believe there were messages delivered from Mr. Ismay, sir. 808 00:50:23,980 --> 00:50:25,648 WILLIAM SMITH: Official messages? 809 00:50:25,732 --> 00:50:28,359 They would have ranked with us as official messages. 810 00:50:28,693 --> 00:50:30,820 WILLIAM SMITH: Did they have to do with the direction 811 00:50:30,903 --> 00:50:33,322 or speed of the ship? 812 00:50:33,406 --> 00:50:35,032 HAROLD BRIDE: Coming around from Belfast, 813 00:50:35,116 --> 00:50:37,201 there were messages delivered to Mr. Ismay regarding 814 00:50:37,285 --> 00:50:38,619 the speed of the ship. 815 00:50:38,703 --> 00:50:40,121 To whom were they sent, do you remember? 816 00:50:42,373 --> 00:50:46,294 The White Star offices at Liverpool and Southampton. 817 00:50:46,377 --> 00:50:48,713 WILLIAM SMITH: And do you know what they said? 818 00:50:48,796 --> 00:50:51,924 That the trials of the speed of the ship 819 00:50:52,008 --> 00:50:54,135 were very favorable. 820 00:50:54,218 --> 00:50:56,471 WILLIAM SMITH: Were there any other messages 821 00:50:56,554 --> 00:50:59,390 for Mr. Ismay during that time? 822 00:50:59,474 --> 00:51:00,725 I could not tell you. 823 00:51:00,808 --> 00:51:02,226 We had too many to remember them all. 824 00:51:02,310 --> 00:51:04,604 If you received a message for the managing 825 00:51:04,687 --> 00:51:06,105 director of the company, one might 826 00:51:06,189 --> 00:51:09,859 think you would remember it. 827 00:51:09,942 --> 00:51:12,570 Do you recall whether the captain of the ship 828 00:51:12,653 --> 00:51:15,740 received any messages on Saturday or Sunday 829 00:51:15,823 --> 00:51:17,992 from any White Star official, regarding 830 00:51:18,075 --> 00:51:20,620 the movement, direction, or speed of the ship? 831 00:51:20,703 --> 00:51:23,498 HAROLD BRIDE: No, sir, he did not. 832 00:51:23,581 --> 00:51:25,208 And how do you know he did not? 833 00:51:25,541 --> 00:51:27,502 HAROLD BRIDE: Because I should have delivered it. 834 00:51:27,585 --> 00:51:29,128 I saw the Captain's messages. 835 00:51:29,212 --> 00:51:32,799 I was delivering them for my superior, 836 00:51:32,882 --> 00:51:34,550 the late Mr. Phillips. 837 00:51:34,634 --> 00:51:36,177 WILLIAM SMITH: But you were not on duty 838 00:51:36,260 --> 00:51:38,971 the entire time during those two days, were you? 839 00:51:39,055 --> 00:51:40,431 HAROLD BRIDE: No, sir. 840 00:51:40,515 --> 00:51:41,933 So you cannot say with any certainty that such 841 00:51:42,016 --> 00:51:43,100 a message was not received. 842 00:51:46,354 --> 00:51:49,982 Mr. Bride, were you on duty when a message 843 00:51:50,066 --> 00:51:52,777 was received from the America warning 844 00:51:52,860 --> 00:51:54,487 about the proximity of icebergs? 845 00:51:57,323 --> 00:51:59,408 No, sir. 846 00:51:59,492 --> 00:52:01,327 WILLIAM SMITH: And did you talk to the Captain 847 00:52:01,410 --> 00:52:05,164 about any messages similar in nature? 848 00:52:05,248 --> 00:52:06,541 HAROLD BRIDE: There was a message 849 00:52:06,624 --> 00:52:07,959 delivered to the Captain in the afternoon, 850 00:52:08,042 --> 00:52:09,293 sir, late in the afternoon. 851 00:52:12,588 --> 00:52:13,464 Sunday, April 14th? 852 00:52:13,548 --> 00:52:14,423 HAROLD BRIDE: Yes, sir. 853 00:52:14,507 --> 00:52:16,342 Regarding an ice field? 854 00:52:16,425 --> 00:52:18,761 From whom, Mr. Bride? 855 00:52:18,845 --> 00:52:20,179 From the Californian, sir. 856 00:52:20,263 --> 00:52:21,639 WILLIAM SMITH: I would like to know 857 00:52:21,722 --> 00:52:23,641 just what that message said. 858 00:52:23,724 --> 00:52:26,519 The Californian called me with an ice report. 859 00:52:26,602 --> 00:52:29,313 I was rather busy, just for the minute, and I didn't take it. 860 00:52:29,397 --> 00:52:31,482 She then transmitted the ice report to the Baltic, 861 00:52:31,566 --> 00:52:32,441 and I took it down. 862 00:52:35,987 --> 00:52:41,075 So unable to reach your ship, they attempted the Baltic. 863 00:52:41,158 --> 00:52:44,203 HAROLD BRIDE: It was about half an hour after that. 864 00:52:44,287 --> 00:52:45,496 They transmitted-- 865 00:52:45,580 --> 00:52:48,457 Why were they unable to reach you? 866 00:52:48,541 --> 00:52:51,460 I was doing some writing at the time, 867 00:52:51,544 --> 00:52:54,171 sir, the accounts of the day. 868 00:52:54,255 --> 00:52:56,674 WILLIAM SMITH: And the earphones did not remain on your head 869 00:52:56,757 --> 00:52:58,384 at the time? 870 00:52:58,467 --> 00:53:00,803 No, sir. 871 00:53:00,887 --> 00:53:02,805 So you continue your work on the accounts, 872 00:53:02,889 --> 00:53:04,140 if I understand you correctly. 873 00:53:04,223 --> 00:53:05,641 HAROLD BRIDE: Yes, sir. 874 00:53:05,725 --> 00:53:07,852 And do not respond to the Californian's call 875 00:53:07,935 --> 00:53:11,439 for 30 minutes approximately. 876 00:53:11,522 --> 00:53:13,941 It would have been somewhere between 20 and 30 minutes. 877 00:53:14,025 --> 00:53:17,528 I cannot say definitely. 878 00:53:17,612 --> 00:53:19,780 WILLIAM SMITH: Please tell us the exact language 879 00:53:19,864 --> 00:53:20,698 of that message. 880 00:53:23,534 --> 00:53:26,412 It stated the Californian had passed three large icebergs 881 00:53:26,495 --> 00:53:28,122 and gave their latitude and longitude. 882 00:53:28,205 --> 00:53:32,501 They had passed three large icebergs. 883 00:53:32,585 --> 00:53:35,338 And did the Captain ultimately receive this message? 884 00:53:38,674 --> 00:53:41,218 Yes, sir. 885 00:53:41,302 --> 00:53:44,639 And at no time did the Captain go overboard 886 00:53:44,722 --> 00:53:46,432 before when the ship sank? 887 00:53:46,515 --> 00:53:49,644 HAROLD BRIDE: No, sir. 888 00:53:49,727 --> 00:53:50,853 He went down with the ship? 889 00:53:53,397 --> 00:53:55,316 Practically speaking, yes, sir. 890 00:53:55,399 --> 00:53:57,109 WILLIAM SMITH: Mr. Bride, let's discuss 891 00:53:57,193 --> 00:54:01,030 your communication with another ship, the SS Frankfurt. 892 00:54:01,113 --> 00:54:02,823 Do you know whether her radio operator 893 00:54:02,907 --> 00:54:05,743 spoke the English language? 894 00:54:05,826 --> 00:54:08,496 There was no necessity that he should understand 895 00:54:08,579 --> 00:54:09,747 the English language, sir. 896 00:54:09,830 --> 00:54:12,375 CQD is an international call. 897 00:54:12,458 --> 00:54:14,710 And CQD means the same in German and French 898 00:54:14,794 --> 00:54:15,836 and the English language? 899 00:54:15,920 --> 00:54:17,254 HAROLD BRIDE: Yes, sir. 900 00:54:17,338 --> 00:54:19,966 And is the international code signal of distress. 901 00:54:20,049 --> 00:54:21,634 HAROLD BRIDE: Yes, sir. 902 00:54:21,717 --> 00:54:24,720 It is recognizable by all ship operators. 903 00:54:24,804 --> 00:54:26,889 WILLIAM SMITH: Mr. Bride, I want this report 904 00:54:26,973 --> 00:54:28,265 to be as complete as possible. 905 00:54:28,349 --> 00:54:31,519 So I need to know why, having received 906 00:54:31,602 --> 00:54:34,647 a message from the Frankfurt, saying, "What is the matter?" 907 00:54:34,730 --> 00:54:37,066 You did not respond, "We are sinking." 908 00:54:37,149 --> 00:54:38,484 HAROLD BRIDE: You see-- 909 00:54:38,567 --> 00:54:40,653 "And our passengers and our crew are in danger." 910 00:54:43,990 --> 00:54:45,741 You see, it takes a certain amount of time 911 00:54:45,825 --> 00:54:49,453 to transmit all that information, sir. 912 00:54:49,537 --> 00:54:52,456 If he had understood properly, as he ought to have, 913 00:54:52,540 --> 00:54:54,125 CQD would have been sufficient, sir. 914 00:54:56,961 --> 00:54:59,046 That does not seem to have moved him. 915 00:55:03,217 --> 00:55:04,760 Well, he did not know his business. 916 00:55:08,639 --> 00:55:10,349 That is a rather hollow point considering 917 00:55:10,433 --> 00:55:11,350 how things turned out. 918 00:55:17,398 --> 00:55:21,318 2nd Officer Lightoller, during the voyage of the Titanic, 919 00:55:21,402 --> 00:55:25,448 were there any tests taken of the temperature of the water? 920 00:55:25,531 --> 00:55:27,199 Tests are taken every two hours, 921 00:55:27,283 --> 00:55:30,244 from the time the ship leaves until she returns to port. 922 00:55:30,327 --> 00:55:32,788 And do you know whether these tests were made? 923 00:55:32,872 --> 00:55:34,040 They were. 924 00:55:34,123 --> 00:55:35,041 WILLIAM SMITH: Did you make them? 925 00:55:35,124 --> 00:55:36,959 Oh, no, sir. 926 00:55:37,043 --> 00:55:38,544 Were they made under your direction? 927 00:55:38,627 --> 00:55:39,795 CHARLES LIGHTOLLER: No, sir. 928 00:55:39,879 --> 00:55:42,089 Then how do you know they were made? 929 00:55:42,173 --> 00:55:44,175 It's the routine of the ship, sir. 930 00:55:44,258 --> 00:55:45,926 So you assumed they were made. 931 00:55:46,010 --> 00:55:47,720 CHARLES LIGHTOLLER: Yes, sir. 932 00:55:47,803 --> 00:55:51,348 But you cannot, of your own knowledge, say that they were. 933 00:55:51,432 --> 00:55:53,392 Not of my own actual seeing, no, sir. 934 00:55:53,476 --> 00:55:55,603 WILLIAM SMITH: And these tests are taken to ascertain 935 00:55:55,686 --> 00:55:58,689 the proximity of icebergs? 936 00:55:58,773 --> 00:56:01,484 No, sir. 937 00:56:01,567 --> 00:56:04,653 So for what purpose were the tests made? 938 00:56:04,737 --> 00:56:07,615 It's the routine of the ship. 939 00:56:07,698 --> 00:56:11,494 It's customary in the White Star Line to do so every two hours. 940 00:56:11,577 --> 00:56:13,579 And the information was not communicated to you 941 00:56:13,662 --> 00:56:15,456 directly after each test? 942 00:56:15,539 --> 00:56:17,208 Not unless I ask for it. 943 00:56:17,291 --> 00:56:18,918 WILLIAM SMITH: And you didn't think it necessary to ask 944 00:56:19,001 --> 00:56:20,878 for it that night? CHARLES LIGHTOLLER: No, sir. 945 00:56:20,961 --> 00:56:22,338 You knew you were in the vicinity 946 00:56:22,421 --> 00:56:25,800 of icebergs, did you not? 947 00:56:25,883 --> 00:56:27,259 Well, a temperature is absolutely 948 00:56:27,343 --> 00:56:28,969 no guide to icebergs, sir. 949 00:56:29,053 --> 00:56:30,888 WILLIAM SMITH: I did not ask you that, Mr. Lightoller. 950 00:56:30,971 --> 00:56:33,557 Did you know you were in the vicinity of icebergs? 951 00:56:33,641 --> 00:56:35,267 CHARLES LIGHTOLLER: No, sir. 952 00:56:35,351 --> 00:56:37,645 Did you know of a wireless message from the SS America 953 00:56:37,728 --> 00:56:39,188 to Titanic warning you that you were 954 00:56:39,271 --> 00:56:42,024 in the vicinity of icebergs? 955 00:56:42,108 --> 00:56:44,026 Whether I knew it or not, I was in no position 956 00:56:44,110 --> 00:56:46,987 to alter our course, sir. 957 00:56:47,071 --> 00:56:49,156 Mr. Lightoller, you must have been painfully aware 958 00:56:49,240 --> 00:56:50,825 of the fact that there were not enough 959 00:56:50,908 --> 00:56:53,202 lifeboats to care for that large of a passenger list, 960 00:56:53,285 --> 00:56:54,120 were you not? 961 00:56:57,331 --> 00:57:00,251 Yes, sir. 962 00:57:00,334 --> 00:57:04,088 And from what you've said, you discriminated entirely 963 00:57:04,171 --> 00:57:07,007 in the interest of the passengers, 964 00:57:07,091 --> 00:57:10,094 first the women and children, in filling those lifeboats. 965 00:57:10,177 --> 00:57:11,762 CHARLES LIGHTOLLER: Yes, sir. 966 00:57:11,846 --> 00:57:14,682 Why did you do that? 967 00:57:14,765 --> 00:57:17,893 Captain's orders or the rule of the sea? 968 00:57:20,813 --> 00:57:21,856 Rule of human nature. 969 00:57:26,986 --> 00:57:28,779 And there was no studied purpose, as far 970 00:57:28,863 --> 00:57:31,407 as you know, to save the crew? 971 00:57:34,160 --> 00:57:34,994 Absolutely not. 972 00:57:37,621 --> 00:57:40,124 And did you witness the attempt to get women to enter 973 00:57:40,207 --> 00:57:41,542 the lifeboats who would not go? 974 00:57:46,380 --> 00:57:48,048 Yes, sir. 975 00:57:48,132 --> 00:57:50,426 WILLIAM SMITH: They were asking their husbands to join them. 976 00:57:55,973 --> 00:57:56,974 They all did. 977 00:58:01,395 --> 00:58:02,605 [screaming] 978 00:58:02,688 --> 00:58:05,024 [water splashing] 979 00:58:06,650 --> 00:58:07,484 MAN: No! 980 00:58:07,568 --> 00:58:08,402 WOMAN: Stop it! 981 00:58:08,485 --> 00:58:10,362 There's no room! 982 00:58:10,446 --> 00:58:12,198 MAN: We can't. 983 00:58:12,281 --> 00:58:14,491 MAN: It'll overturn the boat. 984 00:58:14,575 --> 00:58:16,368 [screaming] 985 00:58:18,829 --> 00:58:20,372 WOMAN: Why are you leaving us? 986 00:58:33,260 --> 00:58:34,720 Looked like that when I found her. 987 00:58:37,556 --> 00:58:40,226 Who is this? 988 00:58:40,309 --> 00:58:41,143 Richard Allen. 989 00:58:44,897 --> 00:58:46,440 Alaine Ricard, Senator. 990 00:58:46,523 --> 00:58:48,317 Pleased to meet you. 991 00:58:48,400 --> 00:58:50,152 Would you see to it that the witnesses 992 00:58:50,236 --> 00:58:54,156 are made aware the inquiry is moving to Washington? 993 00:58:54,240 --> 00:58:55,241 No one goes home. 994 00:59:07,211 --> 00:59:11,840 So, Alaine Richard, Richard Allen, whoever you are, 995 00:59:11,924 --> 00:59:14,051 I believe you know my assistant, Miss Malloy. 996 00:59:16,845 --> 00:59:20,307 I don't think we've been formally introduced. 997 00:59:20,391 --> 00:59:22,851 WILLIAM SMITH: My question is, what do you hope to accomplish 998 00:59:22,935 --> 00:59:24,186 with this type of journalism. 999 00:59:28,274 --> 00:59:30,317 I don't follow. 1000 00:59:30,401 --> 00:59:32,820 Does selling newspapers outweigh morality? 1001 00:59:35,906 --> 00:59:38,826 Based on your appearance, it is clear there 1002 00:59:38,909 --> 00:59:40,661 are others who take exception. 1003 00:59:44,498 --> 00:59:46,125 Were those not your words, sir? 1004 00:59:46,208 --> 00:59:47,876 That was a private conversation. 1005 00:59:47,960 --> 00:59:49,420 ALAINE RICARD: When you were reciting 1006 00:59:49,503 --> 00:59:52,214 Mr. Ismay's private telegrams? 1007 00:59:52,298 --> 00:59:54,550 [dramatic music] 1008 00:59:59,388 --> 01:00:01,265 [exhales loudly] 1009 01:00:01,348 --> 01:00:02,599 Listen carefully. 1010 01:00:12,943 --> 01:00:14,570 Everything that I did was perfectly legal. 1011 01:00:14,653 --> 01:00:16,155 I stand-- 1012 01:00:16,238 --> 01:00:17,531 THE COUNTESS OF ROTHES: Good evening, Senator Smith. 1013 01:00:22,619 --> 01:00:23,620 Do you mind if I sit? 1014 01:00:28,000 --> 01:00:30,044 Allow me to introduce myself. 1015 01:00:30,127 --> 01:00:34,590 I'm Lucille, the Countess of Rothes. 1016 01:00:34,673 --> 01:00:37,301 Good evening, Countess. 1017 01:00:37,384 --> 01:00:41,221 It's a pleasure to see you again, Miss Malloy. 1018 01:00:41,305 --> 01:00:45,225 And who is this rather battered young woman? 1019 01:00:45,309 --> 01:00:47,853 I'm Alaine Ricard, journalist. 1020 01:00:47,936 --> 01:00:49,646 Nice to meet you, ma'am. 1021 01:00:49,730 --> 01:00:51,815 THE COUNTESS OF ROTHES: It's nice to meet you, Miss Ricard. 1022 01:00:51,899 --> 01:00:54,943 Senator Smith, I understand you received 1023 01:00:55,027 --> 01:00:58,113 a visit from the Duchess of Delitta... 1024 01:00:58,197 --> 01:01:01,742 What an awful woman. 1025 01:01:01,825 --> 01:01:03,911 We had trouble enough without her ideas 1026 01:01:03,994 --> 01:01:06,163 as to the value of immigrants. 1027 01:01:06,246 --> 01:01:07,790 Indeed. 1028 01:01:07,873 --> 01:01:09,750 From what I hear, 1029 01:01:09,833 --> 01:01:14,171 the emigres aren't the only ones being given a hard time. 1030 01:01:14,254 --> 01:01:18,592 Madame, we're just searching for the truth. 1031 01:01:18,675 --> 01:01:23,055 If this had been an act of God, then it would simply 1032 01:01:23,138 --> 01:01:25,974 have been a great tragedy. 1033 01:01:26,058 --> 01:01:28,977 But it was not an act of God. 1034 01:01:29,061 --> 01:01:31,897 I do understand, Senator. 1035 01:01:31,980 --> 01:01:37,861 But for those of us aboard the ship, there is only one truth. 1036 01:01:37,945 --> 01:01:43,492 We had 10 minutes, sir, 10 minutes. 1037 01:01:47,162 --> 01:01:49,164 Women and children first. 1038 01:01:49,248 --> 01:01:54,753 At this time, we require only women and children. 1039 01:01:54,837 --> 01:01:57,131 CREW: Man your stations. 1040 01:01:57,214 --> 01:01:58,298 Where will we go? 1041 01:01:58,382 --> 01:02:01,760 Why are we being separated? 1042 01:02:01,844 --> 01:02:03,720 [babies crying] 1043 01:02:03,804 --> 01:02:05,764 [muffled voices] 1044 01:02:07,099 --> 01:02:08,267 WOMAN: I won't leave without my family. 1045 01:02:12,187 --> 01:02:14,106 [non-english speech] 1046 01:02:18,777 --> 01:02:21,029 CREW: Ma'am, please remain calm. 1047 01:02:21,113 --> 01:02:22,781 If you're to stay on the boat, you must 1048 01:02:22,865 --> 01:02:24,908 behave in an orderly manner. 1049 01:02:24,992 --> 01:02:26,493 [non-english speech] 1050 01:02:26,577 --> 01:02:32,124 [non-english speech] This boat is for the women. 1051 01:02:32,207 --> 01:02:34,126 The men have their own boat. 1052 01:02:38,130 --> 01:02:39,423 CREW: To your lifeboat. 1053 01:02:39,506 --> 01:02:41,216 We're boarding now. 1054 01:02:41,300 --> 01:02:43,260 [soft orchestra music playing] 1055 01:02:47,264 --> 01:02:50,184 Mummy, why are we leaving? 1056 01:02:50,267 --> 01:02:53,228 Why is father not coming with us? 1057 01:03:00,569 --> 01:03:01,403 Remain calm. 1058 01:03:07,743 --> 01:03:09,912 I won't need this anymore, my dear. 1059 01:03:12,789 --> 01:03:17,002 I've spent my whole life with that man. 1060 01:03:17,085 --> 01:03:22,174 I am not going to change now. 1061 01:03:22,257 --> 01:03:24,384 Mrs. Straus, please, remain seated. 1062 01:03:24,468 --> 01:03:27,054 We'll be lowering shortly. 1063 01:03:27,137 --> 01:03:29,556 [orchestra music continues] 1064 01:03:40,442 --> 01:03:42,569 Where you go, I go. 1065 01:03:51,703 --> 01:03:53,580 The older couple, do you know their names? 1066 01:03:57,167 --> 01:04:03,382 Straus, Ida and Isidor Straus. 1067 01:04:03,465 --> 01:04:07,928 I believe they have a department store here in New York. 1068 01:04:08,011 --> 01:04:10,639 ALAINE RICARD: Macy's, 34th and Broadway. 1069 01:04:14,810 --> 01:04:16,562 THE COUNTESS OF ROTHES: Those are only a few 1070 01:04:16,645 --> 01:04:19,940 of the stories, Senator. 1071 01:04:20,023 --> 01:04:25,946 It matters less as to who or what was at fault. 1072 01:04:26,029 --> 01:04:28,448 The crew was valiant. 1073 01:04:28,532 --> 01:04:30,242 Many more would have been lost if it 1074 01:04:30,325 --> 01:04:33,704 weren't for their selflessness. 1075 01:04:33,787 --> 01:04:37,583 I do hope that is being considered. 1076 01:04:37,666 --> 01:04:39,042 [sharp inhale] 1077 01:04:39,126 --> 01:04:42,296 I would like to hear more of these stories. 1078 01:04:42,379 --> 01:04:45,465 I only know my own. 1079 01:04:45,549 --> 01:04:49,011 However, I imagine anyone who survived that night would 1080 01:04:49,094 --> 01:04:50,846 have quite a story to tell. 1081 01:04:56,268 --> 01:05:00,814 ALAINE RICARD: I know where they are. 1082 01:05:00,897 --> 01:05:02,899 I could take you. 1083 01:05:02,983 --> 01:05:05,902 [contemplative music] 1084 01:05:14,745 --> 01:05:17,748 [indistinct voices] 1085 01:05:19,750 --> 01:05:21,877 [babies crying] 1086 01:05:22,961 --> 01:05:24,755 I said this was not to happen. 1087 01:05:24,838 --> 01:05:27,341 THE COUNTESS OF ROTHES: They are here on their own free will. 1088 01:05:31,178 --> 01:05:34,848 This is where the aid remains, immigrant women who 1089 01:05:34,931 --> 01:05:38,644 lost their husbands, in most cases, 1090 01:05:38,727 --> 01:05:42,606 the sole breadwinner of the family. 1091 01:05:42,689 --> 01:05:45,150 [water splashing] 1092 01:05:52,115 --> 01:05:54,993 [grunting] 1093 01:06:01,958 --> 01:06:04,419 [shrieking] 1094 01:06:05,921 --> 01:06:08,382 Lily! Lilly! 1095 01:06:28,402 --> 01:06:29,778 You've been here. 1096 01:06:29,861 --> 01:06:33,824 Aboard Carpathia, we had nothing but time. 1097 01:06:33,907 --> 01:06:35,283 As it turns out, I'm not entirely 1098 01:06:35,367 --> 01:06:36,660 hopeless with needle and yarn. 1099 01:06:40,831 --> 01:06:42,666 I didn't know what became of you. 1100 01:06:51,383 --> 01:06:53,719 [gasping for air] 1101 01:07:01,643 --> 01:07:04,062 [whimpering] 1102 01:07:07,065 --> 01:07:09,484 [straining] 1103 01:07:11,486 --> 01:07:13,780 [grunting] 1104 01:07:16,783 --> 01:07:19,327 [yelling] 1105 01:07:26,793 --> 01:07:29,713 [moaning] 1106 01:07:40,140 --> 01:07:43,101 [gasping] 1107 01:07:47,564 --> 01:07:50,525 [breathing heavily] 1108 01:08:04,414 --> 01:08:08,710 Anyway, the other rescue ship should be here soon. 1109 01:08:12,547 --> 01:08:15,175 Her husband, she's waiting. 1110 01:08:26,686 --> 01:08:29,147 [baby crying] 1111 01:08:40,116 --> 01:08:42,327 We will return to Washington and inform 1112 01:08:42,410 --> 01:08:47,499 Mr. Bayliss that his services are no longer needed. 1113 01:08:47,582 --> 01:08:50,418 [music playing] 1114 01:08:57,509 --> 01:08:59,344 NANCY SMITH: Oh! 1115 01:08:59,427 --> 01:09:01,263 [laughing] 1116 01:09:01,346 --> 01:09:02,180 WILLIAM SMITH: Mm. 1117 01:09:02,264 --> 01:09:03,932 NANCY SMITH: Oh! 1118 01:09:04,015 --> 01:09:05,809 I've kept up with all of the papers. 1119 01:09:05,892 --> 01:09:09,020 It's going well? 1120 01:09:09,104 --> 01:09:11,231 Not as I'd hoped. 1121 01:09:11,314 --> 01:09:12,148 Come with me. 1122 01:09:21,032 --> 01:09:22,492 From an admiring public. 1123 01:09:34,212 --> 01:09:36,381 WOMAN: (ECHOING) We were told not 1124 01:09:36,464 --> 01:09:39,217 even God can sink that ship. 1125 01:09:39,301 --> 01:09:43,221 {\an8}Quartermaster Fleet, stationed in the crow's nest, 1126 01:09:43,305 --> 01:09:48,101 {\an8}was there anyone at a higher point aboard Titanic? 1127 01:09:48,184 --> 01:09:49,728 No, sir. 1128 01:09:49,811 --> 01:09:54,316 You were the lookout, the eyes of the ship? 1129 01:09:54,399 --> 01:09:55,233 Yes, sir. 1130 01:09:57,861 --> 01:09:59,279 And did you keep a sharp lookout? 1131 01:10:09,080 --> 01:10:11,166 WILLIAM SMITH: Mr. Fleet, with your former employer, 1132 01:10:11,249 --> 01:10:15,879 the Oceanic, you were supplied with binoculars 1133 01:10:15,962 --> 01:10:19,507 or field glasses, were you not? 1134 01:10:19,591 --> 01:10:20,425 Yes, sir. 1135 01:10:24,220 --> 01:10:28,725 And did you request such from Titanic? 1136 01:10:28,808 --> 01:10:31,770 FREDERICK FLEET: In Southampton, they said 1137 01:10:31,853 --> 01:10:33,730 there was none intended for us. 1138 01:10:40,779 --> 01:10:42,238 We could have seen it a bit sooner. 1139 01:10:45,533 --> 01:10:46,493 How much sooner? 1140 01:10:49,871 --> 01:10:53,583 Well, I have had experience with all manner of ships 1141 01:10:53,667 --> 01:10:59,631 afloat, sir, from the schooner to the square-rigged 1142 01:10:59,714 --> 01:11:04,552 sailing vessel to the steamship, all manner of ships afloat, 1143 01:11:04,636 --> 01:11:05,470 sir. 1144 01:11:10,350 --> 01:11:12,018 WILLIAM SMITH: Major Peuchen, I fail 1145 01:11:12,102 --> 01:11:14,521 to see why you were so expansive when you talked to the press 1146 01:11:14,604 --> 01:11:19,025 and so reluctant when you appear before this committee. 1147 01:11:19,109 --> 01:11:25,448 Senator Smith, I have told you everything I can. 1148 01:11:25,532 --> 01:11:27,325 If you care, you can see my records. 1149 01:11:27,409 --> 01:11:29,077 They're complete. 1150 01:11:29,160 --> 01:11:31,204 Captain Lord, what was the location of your ship, 1151 01:11:31,287 --> 01:11:33,665 the Californian, on the 14th of April last, 1152 01:11:33,748 --> 01:11:37,252 the date of the Titanic sinking? 1153 01:11:37,335 --> 01:11:39,004 At what time? 1154 01:11:39,087 --> 01:11:41,047 WILLIAM SMITH: At 6 o'clock in the morning of that day. 1155 01:11:43,591 --> 01:11:46,845 We have not got it down here, sir. 1156 01:11:46,928 --> 01:11:50,932 I can give it to you at 9:40 and at noon. 1157 01:11:51,016 --> 01:11:53,018 WILLIAM SMITH: Give it to me at 9:40. 1158 01:11:53,101 --> 01:11:55,562 42.47. 1159 01:11:55,645 --> 01:11:59,024 A little more specifically, please. 1160 01:11:59,107 --> 01:12:03,111 42 North and 47 West. 1161 01:12:03,194 --> 01:12:05,780 Are you reading from the log of the Californian? 1162 01:12:05,864 --> 01:12:07,991 STANLEY LORD: The ship's log, yes. 1163 01:12:08,074 --> 01:12:10,285 What other entries do you have in that log 1164 01:12:10,368 --> 01:12:11,745 as to your position on that date? 1165 01:12:16,875 --> 01:12:18,501 At 6:30. 1166 01:12:18,585 --> 01:12:21,421 6:30 PM? 1167 01:12:21,504 --> 01:12:23,465 Yes, sir. 1168 01:12:23,548 --> 01:12:27,218 We had 42 degrees 5 and 49.10, 1169 01:12:27,302 --> 01:12:30,096 as having passed two large icebergs. 1170 01:12:30,180 --> 01:12:31,890 WILLIAM SMITH: And what is the next entry? 1171 01:12:34,768 --> 01:12:37,645 There is no position given here, sir. 1172 01:12:37,729 --> 01:12:42,275 The next entry is 7:15 PM. 1173 01:12:42,358 --> 01:12:45,862 "Passed one large iceberg and two more in sight 1174 01:12:45,945 --> 01:12:47,238 to the southward." 1175 01:12:47,322 --> 01:12:48,698 And where were you at that time? 1176 01:12:52,994 --> 01:12:55,580 There is no position given here, sir. 1177 01:12:55,663 --> 01:12:57,332 WILLIAM SMITH: Captain Lord, did you 1178 01:12:57,415 --> 01:13:01,086 attempt to communicate with the vessel Titanic that Sunday? 1179 01:13:01,169 --> 01:13:02,712 Yes, sir. 1180 01:13:02,796 --> 01:13:04,172 WILLIAM SMITH: At what time of day? 1181 01:13:04,255 --> 01:13:06,549 10 minutes to 11:00 PM. 1182 01:13:09,469 --> 01:13:11,471 And what was that communication? 1183 01:13:11,554 --> 01:13:14,099 We told them we were stopped and surrounded by ice. 1184 01:13:14,182 --> 01:13:15,517 WILLIAM SMITH: And did the Titanic 1185 01:13:15,600 --> 01:13:16,601 respond to that message? 1186 01:13:16,684 --> 01:13:18,269 Yes, sir. 1187 01:13:18,353 --> 01:13:21,731 I believe Titanic told our operator they had read it 1188 01:13:21,815 --> 01:13:24,901 and to "shut up" or "stand by" or something, 1189 01:13:24,984 --> 01:13:26,319 that they were busy. 1190 01:13:26,402 --> 01:13:28,613 That was Titanic's reply. 1191 01:13:28,696 --> 01:13:30,573 [audience muttering] 1192 01:13:32,283 --> 01:13:34,869 First-class were paying them to send messages back home. 1193 01:13:34,953 --> 01:13:36,538 Instead of heeding an ice warning? 1194 01:13:44,462 --> 01:13:46,881 [metal grinding] 1195 01:13:52,804 --> 01:13:55,223 In the lifeboats, 4th Officer Boxhall 1196 01:13:55,306 --> 01:13:57,809 and Quartermaster Hitchins both said they 1197 01:13:57,892 --> 01:14:00,520 were rowing towards a light. 1198 01:14:00,603 --> 01:14:03,648 "On those living in the land of the shadow of death, 1199 01:14:03,731 --> 01:14:06,109 a light has dawned." 1200 01:14:06,192 --> 01:14:08,069 Matthew 4:16. 1201 01:14:08,153 --> 01:14:11,906 Sir, I've read articles where passengers 1202 01:14:11,990 --> 01:14:16,161 also spoke of a light, an actual light, off the horizon. 1203 01:14:16,244 --> 01:14:18,079 ALAINE RICARD: It was the Californian. 1204 01:14:20,707 --> 01:14:23,084 The ice warnings from Captain Stanley Lord 1205 01:14:23,168 --> 01:14:26,880 stated that they, too, were surrounded by ice, 1206 01:14:26,963 --> 01:14:28,423 those very same ice fields. 1207 01:14:32,594 --> 01:14:39,058 There was a light within 15 miles of those people. 1208 01:14:39,142 --> 01:14:41,227 I understand that's the type of story your readers 1209 01:14:41,311 --> 01:14:42,437 would love to hear. 1210 01:14:42,520 --> 01:14:43,855 But the negligence aboard one ship 1211 01:14:43,938 --> 01:14:45,732 did not cause the sinking of another. 1212 01:14:50,153 --> 01:14:53,072 I brought you this. 1213 01:14:53,156 --> 01:14:55,491 [pensive music] 1214 01:15:09,672 --> 01:15:11,382 WILLIAM SMITH: Are you reading from the log 1215 01:15:11,466 --> 01:15:14,636 of the Californian? 1216 01:15:14,719 --> 01:15:17,180 [muffled voices] 1217 01:15:30,902 --> 01:15:34,739 At the time you boarded what would be your lifeboat, 1218 01:15:34,822 --> 01:15:37,992 did you say anything to the Captain about entering it? 1219 01:15:38,076 --> 01:15:40,453 BRUCE ISMAY: I never saw the Captain. 1220 01:15:40,536 --> 01:15:43,331 WILLIAM SMITH: Then who, if anyone, told you to enter it? 1221 01:15:45,041 --> 01:15:45,875 No one. 1222 01:15:52,048 --> 01:15:53,258 Why did you? 1223 01:15:53,341 --> 01:15:55,218 BRUCE ISMAY: Because there was room. 1224 01:15:56,261 --> 01:15:57,971 She was being lowered away. 1225 01:15:58,054 --> 01:16:00,056 I thought the ship was going down, and I got into the boat. 1226 01:16:15,530 --> 01:16:22,161 Sir Bruce, I don't imagine history 1227 01:16:22,245 --> 01:16:23,663 will be very kind to you. 1228 01:16:42,265 --> 01:16:45,059 (READING) "I, Harold Godfrey Lowe, 1229 01:16:45,143 --> 01:16:47,437 5th Officer of the late steamship, 1230 01:16:47,520 --> 01:16:51,232 Titanic, stated that I fired shots 1231 01:16:51,316 --> 01:16:57,405 to prevent Italian immigrants from jumping into my lifeboat. 1232 01:16:57,488 --> 01:17:00,867 I do thereby cancel the word "Italian" 1233 01:17:00,950 --> 01:17:04,162 and substitute the word immigrants 1234 01:17:04,245 --> 01:17:07,540 belonging to the Latin races." 1235 01:17:41,032 --> 01:17:45,745 Major Peuchen, I'm Alaine Ricard. 1236 01:17:45,828 --> 01:17:49,082 I'm curious, sir, as to why you had so little 1237 01:17:49,165 --> 01:17:50,833 to say during your testimony. 1238 01:17:53,920 --> 01:17:54,754 Don't worry, sir. 1239 01:17:54,837 --> 01:17:57,882 I'm with the press. 1240 01:17:57,965 --> 01:17:59,425 You said your name was? 1241 01:17:59,509 --> 01:18:02,220 ALAINE RICARD: Alaine Ricard, Chelsea Courier. 1242 01:18:02,303 --> 01:18:06,015 Ma'am, I think we all know the press 1243 01:18:06,099 --> 01:18:10,895 will well outlive this inquiry. 1244 01:18:10,978 --> 01:18:13,981 That's true, sir. 1245 01:18:14,065 --> 01:18:16,734 But you had quite a bit to say prior to your testimony 1246 01:18:16,818 --> 01:18:21,531 and then, well, sir, nothing. 1247 01:18:21,614 --> 01:18:28,204 Understand, it was simply formality. 1248 01:18:28,788 --> 01:18:33,960 It won't serve America to persecute its allies. 1249 01:18:34,043 --> 01:18:36,963 How do you mean? 1250 01:18:37,046 --> 01:18:38,756 ARTHUR PEUCHEN: Bankrupting the White Star 1251 01:18:38,840 --> 01:18:41,092 or the ship's builder, along with other fallout, 1252 01:18:41,175 --> 01:18:43,761 could cripple the economy of Great Britain. 1253 01:18:48,182 --> 01:18:54,063 60,000 unemployed to start, plus JP Morgan 1254 01:18:54,147 --> 01:18:56,524 has an agreement with the British military 1255 01:18:56,607 --> 01:19:00,111 that would be nullified if the bank were to seize his ships. 1256 01:19:00,194 --> 01:19:01,946 What agreement with the military? 1257 01:19:02,029 --> 01:19:07,076 War, Miss Ricard, war. 1258 01:19:14,083 --> 01:19:17,295 Let's just say, I don't believe America would 1259 01:19:17,378 --> 01:19:18,713 care to be stuck with the bill. 1260 01:19:25,094 --> 01:19:30,016 Or lose the political support of the richest man in the world. 1261 01:19:34,395 --> 01:19:38,900 WILLIAM SMITH: Mr. President, how are you, sir? 1262 01:19:38,983 --> 01:19:42,195 {\an8}WILLIAM TAFT (ON PHONE): Oh, I can't complain. 1263 01:19:42,278 --> 01:19:46,032 {\an8}But it seems Mr. Roosevelt is enjoying a bit of a surge. 1264 01:19:46,115 --> 01:19:49,035 {\an8}Massachusetts and New York are still in your favor. 1265 01:19:49,118 --> 01:19:50,661 {\an8}WILLIAM TAFT (ON PHONE): So far. 1266 01:19:50,745 --> 01:19:55,249 I understand you're continuing with your hearings. 1267 01:19:55,333 --> 01:19:56,959 I am, sir. 1268 01:19:57,043 --> 01:19:59,837 WILLIAM TAFT (ON PHONE): I think that's enough, Smith. 1269 01:19:59,921 --> 01:20:02,548 We have to move on from this Titanic circus. 1270 01:20:02,632 --> 01:20:04,425 You found all the truth you're going to find, 1271 01:20:04,509 --> 01:20:07,803 and now you're doing more harm than good. 1272 01:20:07,887 --> 01:20:10,640 There's no one to blame. 1273 01:20:10,723 --> 01:20:13,309 The dead are not complaining. 1274 01:20:13,392 --> 01:20:15,144 That's a bit insensitive. 1275 01:20:15,228 --> 01:20:17,605 WILLIAM TAFT (ON PHONE): Don't you dare, Senator. 1276 01:20:17,688 --> 01:20:19,732 I had a close associate on that ship 1277 01:20:19,815 --> 01:20:21,442 whose body was never recovered. 1278 01:20:21,526 --> 01:20:23,361 The President's military strategist sightseeing 1279 01:20:23,444 --> 01:20:24,278 in Europe. 1280 01:20:24,695 --> 01:20:26,030 WILLIAM TAFT (ON PHONE): Mr. Senator, 1281 01:20:26,239 --> 01:20:28,115 your words before the Senate will determine 1282 01:20:28,199 --> 01:20:30,743 all the days that follow. 1283 01:20:31,118 --> 01:20:35,665 I recommend you choose very carefully. 1284 01:20:36,249 --> 01:20:38,709 [hangs up phone] 1285 01:20:46,133 --> 01:20:51,597 Ah, I was just trying to swim. 1286 01:20:51,681 --> 01:20:54,016 There was a man. 1287 01:20:54,100 --> 01:20:57,019 There was a lot of them floating around. 1288 01:20:57,103 --> 01:21:04,110 And he got me by the neck like that and pressed me under, eh, 1289 01:21:06,737 --> 01:21:08,447 trying to get on top of me. 1290 01:21:11,158 --> 01:21:13,786 I said to him, let go. 1291 01:21:13,869 --> 01:21:18,374 Of course, he was not paying any attention to that. 1292 01:21:18,457 --> 01:21:22,003 But I got away from him. 1293 01:21:22,086 --> 01:21:23,879 [water splashing] 1294 01:21:24,839 --> 01:21:26,841 God bless you. 1295 01:21:29,343 --> 01:21:30,177 Give me your hand. 1296 01:21:30,261 --> 01:21:31,095 Hello! 1297 01:21:34,265 --> 01:21:36,475 Someone, please, please, give me your hand. 1298 01:21:36,559 --> 01:21:37,893 I cannot swim. 1299 01:21:37,977 --> 01:21:39,854 I'm going to die if you do not take my hand. 1300 01:21:39,937 --> 01:21:40,771 MAN: Listen to me! 1301 01:21:40,855 --> 01:21:41,981 Please, I cannot live. 1302 01:21:42,064 --> 01:21:43,190 Please let me have your hand. 1303 01:21:43,274 --> 01:21:44,483 MAN: Listen to me! 1304 01:21:44,567 --> 01:21:45,401 Listen to me! 1305 01:21:45,484 --> 01:21:46,819 I need your help. 1306 01:21:46,944 --> 01:21:48,738 MAN: If you pull on this boat, it will capsize, 1307 01:21:48,821 --> 01:21:49,780 and we will all die. 1308 01:21:49,864 --> 01:21:50,698 Calm down. 1309 01:21:50,781 --> 01:21:51,741 Do you understand? 1310 01:21:51,824 --> 01:21:52,825 Listen to my voice. 1311 01:21:52,908 --> 01:21:54,744 I need you-- look at me-- 1312 01:21:54,827 --> 01:21:55,703 to stay calm. 1313 01:21:55,786 --> 01:21:56,746 Do you understand? 1314 01:21:56,829 --> 01:21:57,705 I understand. 1315 01:21:57,788 --> 01:21:58,664 MAN: We are overloaded. 1316 01:21:58,748 --> 01:21:59,832 All right, all right. 1317 01:21:59,915 --> 01:22:01,334 But, please, I cannot live long. 1318 01:22:01,417 --> 01:22:02,501 I will not live long. 1319 01:22:05,338 --> 01:22:08,424 Some of them were trying to get under feet, 1320 01:22:08,507 --> 01:22:14,013 and some fall into the water again. 1321 01:22:14,096 --> 01:22:17,808 And some were frozen. 1322 01:22:22,688 --> 01:22:27,818 Two were dead and had to be sent overboard. 1323 01:22:34,617 --> 01:22:36,994 [water splashes] 1324 01:22:41,874 --> 01:22:46,212 MAN: Sir, sir, please, sir. 1325 01:22:46,295 --> 01:22:47,213 Give me your hand. 1326 01:22:52,593 --> 01:22:54,970 [fire crackling] 1327 01:22:59,517 --> 01:23:02,228 WILLIAM SMITH: (READING) "Mr. President, my associates and I 1328 01:23:02,311 --> 01:23:05,272 return the Commission handed to us on the 18th day of April 1329 01:23:05,356 --> 01:23:08,150 last, directing an immediate inquiry 1330 01:23:08,234 --> 01:23:10,069 into the causes leading to the destruction 1331 01:23:10,152 --> 01:23:11,862 of the steamship Titanic." 1332 01:23:17,368 --> 01:23:19,578 I know what I have to say, but I hesitate to say it. 1333 01:23:24,959 --> 01:23:27,628 I never much liked the idea of living in the White House. 1334 01:23:32,383 --> 01:23:35,136 Just tell the truth. 1335 01:23:35,219 --> 01:23:38,514 People don't want the truth. 1336 01:23:38,597 --> 01:23:41,392 They want someone to blame, preferably someone alive. 1337 01:23:45,020 --> 01:23:47,273 All I have on Ismay is that he wasn't gentleman enough 1338 01:23:47,356 --> 01:23:49,650 to go down with the ship. 1339 01:23:49,734 --> 01:23:55,698 NANCY SMITH: Unfortunately, being a coward is not a crime. 1340 01:23:55,781 --> 01:23:58,743 [pensive music] 1341 01:24:32,318 --> 01:24:33,778 [sighs] 1342 01:24:44,288 --> 01:24:47,249 [soft music] 1343 01:24:50,795 --> 01:24:53,214 [pencil scratches paper] 1344 01:25:00,679 --> 01:25:03,140 [loud exhale] 1345 01:25:08,813 --> 01:25:09,647 William. 1346 01:25:14,777 --> 01:25:18,197 The upper class were loaded into those lifeboats 1347 01:25:18,280 --> 01:25:19,615 so carefully. 1348 01:25:19,698 --> 01:25:21,325 "Watch your step, ma'am. 1349 01:25:21,408 --> 01:25:22,243 Are you warm enough? 1350 01:25:22,326 --> 01:25:24,829 Comfortable?" 1351 01:25:24,912 --> 01:25:27,540 The less privileged watched from the rail, 1352 01:25:27,623 --> 01:25:29,959 patiently waiting their turn, terrified, 1353 01:25:30,042 --> 01:25:34,505 I'm sure, until they were told that there 1354 01:25:34,588 --> 01:25:35,589 would be no more boats. 1355 01:25:39,385 --> 01:25:41,679 Imagine having to explain that to your child. 1356 01:25:45,224 --> 01:25:46,517 "You will die because we couldn't 1357 01:25:46,600 --> 01:25:47,601 provide a better ticket." 1358 01:25:50,521 --> 01:25:52,648 There was never a general alarm sounded. 1359 01:25:52,731 --> 01:25:57,653 We know that there weren't enough lifeboats. 1360 01:25:57,736 --> 01:26:00,114 And even those there were, some of them 1361 01:26:00,197 --> 01:26:03,909 were sent away half-empty. 1362 01:26:03,993 --> 01:26:06,328 The lookout man wasn't provided with the proper equipment. 1363 01:26:06,412 --> 01:26:08,038 The ship was moving too fast. 1364 01:26:08,122 --> 01:26:11,125 Luxury took precedence over safety in every instance. 1365 01:26:11,208 --> 01:26:13,544 Even the radio operators were too busy 1366 01:26:13,627 --> 01:26:16,297 sending messages for their rich, well-tipping customers 1367 01:26:16,380 --> 01:26:17,840 to receive the incoming warnings. 1368 01:26:20,801 --> 01:26:23,554 And when all was said and done, a nearby vessel 1369 01:26:23,637 --> 01:26:24,763 slept through the screams. 1370 01:26:30,477 --> 01:26:32,938 There was one man who received those warnings, Titanic 1371 01:26:33,022 --> 01:26:35,566 Captain Edward John Smith. 1372 01:26:39,653 --> 01:26:41,572 As he rubbed shoulders with the rich and famous, 1373 01:26:41,655 --> 01:26:47,953 ships all around him were stopped, surrounded by ice. 1374 01:26:48,037 --> 01:26:51,373 And he didn't even slow down. 1375 01:26:51,457 --> 01:26:54,835 The White Star's society captain had been told that his ship was 1376 01:26:54,919 --> 01:26:58,380 unsinkable, and he believed it. 1377 01:27:03,385 --> 01:27:05,512 And, of course, our archaic laws will do nothing 1378 01:27:05,596 --> 01:27:09,141 more than protect the corporate interests at the expense 1379 01:27:09,224 --> 01:27:10,601 of those left in the water. 1380 01:27:14,229 --> 01:27:15,773 Is that what you'll tell the Senate? 1381 01:27:25,866 --> 01:27:28,827 [pensive music] 1382 01:27:29,870 --> 01:27:32,831 [camera flash pops] 1383 01:28:05,239 --> 01:28:08,200 [car engine idling] 1384 01:28:25,259 --> 01:28:26,885 Very comfortable. 1385 01:28:26,969 --> 01:28:28,095 It's a good thing. 1386 01:28:28,178 --> 01:28:30,014 I heard this is over an hour long. 1387 01:28:32,891 --> 01:28:35,686 Sorry. 1388 01:28:35,769 --> 01:28:37,646 [laughing] 1389 01:28:38,981 --> 01:28:40,315 NEWS ANNOUNCER (ON FILM): Wilbur Wright 1390 01:28:40,399 --> 01:28:41,817 of the famed Wright Brothers passed away 1391 01:28:41,900 --> 01:28:43,777 this week at the age of 45. 1392 01:28:43,861 --> 01:28:47,031 After tinkering with printing presses, bicycles, motors, 1393 01:28:47,114 --> 01:28:49,199 and other machinery, he and his brother Orville 1394 01:28:49,283 --> 01:28:52,119 successfully developed their patented flying machine, 1395 01:28:52,202 --> 01:28:54,246 the first controlled, sustained flight 1396 01:28:54,329 --> 01:28:56,331 of a powered heavier-than-air aircraft 1397 01:28:56,415 --> 01:28:59,001 on a dry windswept afternoon, four miles south 1398 01:28:59,084 --> 01:29:00,711 of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. 1399 01:29:00,794 --> 01:29:02,921 Wilbur will be laid to rest near his childhood home 1400 01:29:03,005 --> 01:29:05,424 in Montgomery County, Ohio. 1401 01:29:05,507 --> 01:29:07,301 The inquiry into the sinking of Titanic 1402 01:29:07,384 --> 01:29:09,595 ended last week, with lawmakers scrambling to overhaul 1403 01:29:09,678 --> 01:29:11,430 international maritime law. 1404 01:29:11,513 --> 01:29:13,974 "An attendant loss of life so shocking to the civilized 1405 01:29:14,058 --> 01:29:16,643 world," says Senator William Alden Smith, the chairman 1406 01:29:16,727 --> 01:29:18,771 of the investigation. 1407 01:29:18,854 --> 01:29:20,606 "The goal is that humanity may never 1408 01:29:20,689 --> 01:29:22,566 again have to experience a senseless tragedy 1409 01:29:22,649 --> 01:29:24,151 of this level." 1410 01:29:24,234 --> 01:29:26,028 "Whether it be current or future areas of travel 1411 01:29:26,111 --> 01:29:29,198 by sea, rail, or perhaps even the skies, 1412 01:29:29,281 --> 01:29:31,241 the United States government has done its duty," 1413 01:29:31,325 --> 01:29:33,410 writes famed journalist Alaine Ricard, 1414 01:29:33,494 --> 01:29:35,412 "and now lies in the hands of the free press." 1415 01:29:35,496 --> 01:29:38,624 She goes on to say, "The truth, no matter how difficult, 1416 01:29:38,707 --> 01:29:40,501 is how we move forward." 1417 01:29:40,584 --> 01:29:42,169 Through the work of Senator Smith 1418 01:29:42,252 --> 01:29:44,421 and the brave rescuers and survivors of the Titanic, 1419 01:29:44,505 --> 01:29:46,048 the event will now live on forever 1420 01:29:46,131 --> 01:29:47,800 in the public consciousness. 1421 01:29:52,346 --> 01:29:54,598 Only a year and a half from the creation of the Boy Scouts 1422 01:29:54,681 --> 01:29:55,599 of America-- 1423 01:29:55,682 --> 01:29:57,351 I'm going to take a minute. 1424 01:29:57,434 --> 01:29:59,353 NEWS ANNOUNCER (ON FILM): - have announced the formation 1425 01:29:59,436 --> 01:30:00,938 of the Girls Guide group. 1426 01:30:01,021 --> 01:30:03,273 Young girls from around the country-- 1427 01:30:03,357 --> 01:30:06,318 [soft music] 1428 01:30:18,705 --> 01:30:20,040 I hope you don't mind. 1429 01:30:20,124 --> 01:30:22,626 Miss Malloy told me where you might be. 1430 01:30:22,709 --> 01:30:26,964 "Famed journalist Alaine Ricard." 1431 01:30:27,047 --> 01:30:28,173 At your service, sir. 1432 01:30:31,135 --> 01:30:33,595 So what's next? 1433 01:30:33,679 --> 01:30:35,806 To Europe. 1434 01:30:35,889 --> 01:30:37,432 I believe that's where the story lies. 1435 01:30:40,102 --> 01:30:41,562 Not sure the British Board of Trade 1436 01:30:41,645 --> 01:30:44,398 is going to do much to indict themselves. 1437 01:30:47,192 --> 01:30:48,152 You can count on that. 1438 01:30:53,574 --> 01:30:56,201 War is on our doorstep. 1439 01:30:56,285 --> 01:30:57,995 We uncovered that most of all. 1440 01:31:02,291 --> 01:31:03,208 They'll need you. 1441 01:31:11,008 --> 01:31:11,842 Thank you, Senator. 1442 01:31:19,057 --> 01:31:21,310 I should, um, get back. 1443 01:31:32,404 --> 01:31:34,823 WILLIAM SMITH (VOICEOVER): As the ship was sinking, 1444 01:31:34,907 --> 01:31:38,076 strains of music wafted across her deck. 1445 01:31:38,160 --> 01:31:40,495 ["Nearer my God to Thee" playing] 1446 01:31:44,833 --> 01:31:47,294 It was not the note of any martial anthem that had, 1447 01:31:47,377 --> 01:31:53,008 in days gone by, led embattled legions on to victory. 1448 01:31:53,091 --> 01:31:59,640 It was a more inspiring stanza than that, a loftier and holier 1449 01:31:59,723 --> 01:32:03,435 melody, amid the anguish and sublime pathos 1450 01:32:03,518 --> 01:32:06,813 of that awful hour that swept through the compartments 1451 01:32:06,897 --> 01:32:08,482 of the sinking ship. 1452 01:32:08,565 --> 01:32:12,527 It was a rallying cry for the living and the dying, 1453 01:32:12,611 --> 01:32:16,949 to rally them not for life but for their awaiting death. 1454 01:32:19,910 --> 01:32:22,454 While almost face to face with their Creator, 1455 01:32:22,537 --> 01:32:28,335 amid the chaos of that supreme and solemn moment, 1456 01:32:28,418 --> 01:32:32,756 with inspiring notes, the unison resounded through the ship. 1457 01:32:32,839 --> 01:32:35,092 It told the victims of the wreck that there 1458 01:32:35,175 --> 01:32:38,095 was another world beyond the seas, 1459 01:32:38,178 --> 01:32:39,513 free from the agony of pain. 1460 01:32:44,268 --> 01:32:46,061 And though with somber tones, it cheered 1461 01:32:46,144 --> 01:32:49,439 them on to their untimely fate. 1462 01:32:49,523 --> 01:32:51,900 As the oceans closed over the heroic dead, 1463 01:32:51,984 --> 01:32:57,030 let us feel that the heavens opened for the lives 1464 01:32:57,114 --> 01:33:00,158 that were prepared to enter. 1465 01:33:00,242 --> 01:33:05,497 Father of the universe, what an admonition to the nation. 1466 01:33:05,580 --> 01:33:08,458 The sounds of that awe-inspiring requiem 1467 01:33:08,542 --> 01:33:12,045 that vibrated over the ocean are drowned 1468 01:33:12,129 --> 01:33:13,588 in the waters of the deep. 1469 01:33:13,672 --> 01:33:16,174 The instruments that gave them birth are silenced. 1470 01:33:16,258 --> 01:33:17,926 WOMAN: Why are you leaving us? 1471 01:33:18,010 --> 01:33:20,220 WILLIAM SMITH (VOICEOVER): As the harps were silenced 1472 01:33:20,304 --> 01:33:23,598 on the willow tree, if the melody that was rehearsed 1473 01:33:23,682 --> 01:33:27,394 could only reverberate through this land, "Nearer, My God, 1474 01:33:27,477 --> 01:33:34,484 to Thee," and its echoes heard in these halls of legislation 1475 01:33:35,569 --> 01:33:38,989 and at every home and fireside, from the mansions of the rich-- 1476 01:33:39,072 --> 01:33:41,742 [panicked cries] 1477 01:33:41,825 --> 01:33:43,201 [grunting] 1478 01:33:43,285 --> 01:33:45,203 - to the huts and hovels of the poor. 1479 01:33:50,751 --> 01:33:52,294 If we could be made to feel that there 1480 01:33:52,377 --> 01:33:56,923 is a divine law of obedience and of adjustment, end 1481 01:33:57,007 --> 01:33:59,968 of compensation, that demands our allegiance 1482 01:34:00,052 --> 01:34:02,554 far above the laws that we formulate in this presence-- 1483 01:34:02,637 --> 01:34:04,473 [loud metal crashing] 1484 01:34:05,891 --> 01:34:08,268 Then from the gloom of these fearful hours, 1485 01:34:08,352 --> 01:34:12,189 we shall pass into the dawn of a higher service 1486 01:34:12,272 --> 01:34:14,524 and of a better day. 1487 01:34:14,608 --> 01:34:16,443 And then, Mr. President, the lives 1488 01:34:16,526 --> 01:34:19,321 that went down on this fated night 1489 01:34:19,404 --> 01:34:21,490 will not have gone down in vain. 1490 01:34:45,847 --> 01:34:50,018 [music playing]