1 00:00:05,873 --> 00:00:08,741 Narrator: A land of ancient ruins, 2 00:00:08,843 --> 00:00:13,245 Windswept mountains and deep foreboding lakes. 3 00:00:14,315 --> 00:00:20,335 Scotland is a nation steeped in myth, legend and mystery. 4 00:00:21,272 --> 00:00:24,773 And no mystery is more enduring than that of 5 00:00:24,875 --> 00:00:28,143 The loch ness monster. 6 00:00:29,814 --> 00:00:32,981 Imagine if we could empty the oceans, 7 00:00:33,084 --> 00:00:36,335 Letting the world's water drain away 8 00:00:38,372 --> 00:00:42,741 To reveal the secrets of sea floors and lake beds. 9 00:00:44,211 --> 00:00:46,478 Now we can. 10 00:00:46,580 --> 00:00:50,015 Using accurate data and astonishing technology to 11 00:00:50,117 --> 00:00:54,269 Bring light once again to a lost world. 12 00:00:56,707 --> 00:01:00,309 Can a killing field on the shores of a siberian lake 13 00:01:00,478 --> 00:01:04,413 Shed light on the world's most famous monster? 14 00:01:04,515 --> 00:01:07,132 Olga: This is the pelvic bone, these are the shoulder blades 15 00:01:07,234 --> 00:01:08,967 And vertebrae. 16 00:01:09,070 --> 00:01:12,037 Narrator: Can a marine robot finally uncover the loch's 17 00:01:12,139 --> 00:01:15,007 Strangest secret of all? 18 00:01:17,078 --> 00:01:20,479 And could a long-lost shipwreck really be a boat 19 00:01:20,581 --> 00:01:23,465 Destroyed by nessie herself? 20 00:01:24,435 --> 00:01:27,402 Adrian: When people said that john cobb's crash was caused 21 00:01:27,505 --> 00:01:30,939 By the loch ness monster, in a sense they were right. 22 00:01:31,542 --> 00:01:37,780 (theme music plays). 23 00:01:43,804 --> 00:01:47,773 Narrator: 23 miles long and over 700 feet deep, 24 00:01:47,875 --> 00:01:52,411 Loch ness is the biggest body of fresh water in the british isles. 25 00:01:54,081 --> 00:01:58,333 100 miles north of the scottish capital, edinburgh, 26 00:01:58,435 --> 00:02:01,870 It slices the highlands in two. 27 00:02:03,507 --> 00:02:06,809 Many people are convinced that its deep, 28 00:02:06,911 --> 00:02:10,946 Dark waters harbor a secretive creature. 29 00:02:11,916 --> 00:02:15,501 Now, a new expedition hopes to solve the mystery of the 30 00:02:15,603 --> 00:02:19,371 Loch ness monster once and for all. 31 00:02:19,473 --> 00:02:23,609 And discover whether it's myth or reality. 32 00:02:24,445 --> 00:02:25,677 Craig: In terms of the mission plan now, 33 00:02:25,779 --> 00:02:27,112 You can see we've dived. 34 00:02:27,214 --> 00:02:28,914 We're already down at 200 meters of water. 35 00:02:29,016 --> 00:02:30,532 I don't think we've been to this altitude 36 00:02:30,634 --> 00:02:32,201 In loch ness before anyway. 37 00:02:32,303 --> 00:02:33,602 Adrian: Before. 38 00:02:33,704 --> 00:02:34,736 Craig: So this will be the best resolution achieved 39 00:02:34,839 --> 00:02:36,939 In the loch to date. 40 00:02:37,041 --> 00:02:40,876 Narrator: Scotland's stunning natural landscape includes 41 00:02:40,978 --> 00:02:45,948 Over 30,000 lochs, the local word for lakes. 42 00:02:47,468 --> 00:02:51,904 And for most of its history, loch ness is just one of them. 43 00:02:53,440 --> 00:02:57,342 But all that changes in the early 1930s, 44 00:02:58,279 --> 00:03:01,747 When a new road brings new visitors 45 00:03:01,849 --> 00:03:06,034 And a series of strange sightings begins, 46 00:03:08,072 --> 00:03:12,007 Which culminate in an image captured by a visiting english surgeon. 47 00:03:13,410 --> 00:03:17,212 One of the most iconic photographs ever taken. 48 00:03:18,315 --> 00:03:19,848 Adrian: The surgeon's picture, of course, 49 00:03:19,950 --> 00:03:24,736 Is a picture which everybody in the western world will know. 50 00:03:25,773 --> 00:03:30,075 Narrator: Loch ness has been drawing fascinated visitors ever since. 51 00:03:32,513 --> 00:03:36,648 Eight decades later, over a million tourists are still drawn 52 00:03:36,750 --> 00:03:41,503 To the shores of the loch every year, in search of nessie. 53 00:03:43,874 --> 00:03:45,440 Woman: My aunt, you saw it, didn't you? 54 00:03:45,542 --> 00:03:47,075 Woman: Yeah, oh, distinctly. 55 00:03:47,177 --> 00:03:48,877 I don't doubt there's a monster. 56 00:03:48,979 --> 00:03:50,846 Man: I saw this hump. 57 00:03:50,948 --> 00:03:53,799 Man: We saw the head and the four humps. 58 00:03:53,901 --> 00:03:56,768 It was the very same color as an elephant. 59 00:03:57,771 --> 00:04:00,005 Narrator: No fewer than 1,000 people 60 00:04:00,174 --> 00:04:02,207 Have claimed to see the monster. 61 00:04:02,309 --> 00:04:04,509 Man: It was the size of a yacht hull. 62 00:04:04,612 --> 00:04:06,178 Man: It looked like a submarine coming closer and 63 00:04:06,280 --> 00:04:09,214 Closer and you could see the long neck. 64 00:04:09,316 --> 00:04:12,067 Narrator: And there's been a recent surge in sightings. 65 00:04:12,169 --> 00:04:14,403 Man: So, I saw a dark shape in the water. 66 00:04:14,505 --> 00:04:16,805 I was out further, towards the other end of the castle. 67 00:04:16,907 --> 00:04:19,241 Something's moving, between the trees. 68 00:04:19,343 --> 00:04:22,411 Woman: Oh my god, it's moving! 69 00:04:28,769 --> 00:04:32,804 Narrator: For many, nessie is a sincerely held belief. 70 00:04:33,540 --> 00:04:38,277 Steve feltham saw something unusual in 1991. 71 00:04:39,280 --> 00:04:43,015 Steve: I saw one thing in the first year of being here. 72 00:04:43,117 --> 00:04:46,735 Something just shot across the bay in front of me and 73 00:04:47,438 --> 00:04:49,071 You couldn't tell what it was. 74 00:04:49,173 --> 00:04:51,673 You could only see a spray of water coming off of something, 75 00:04:51,775 --> 00:04:53,942 Like a torpedo. 76 00:04:54,878 --> 00:04:56,812 Narrator: Steve was so fascinated, 77 00:04:56,914 --> 00:04:59,281 He set up a full-time vigil. 78 00:05:01,168 --> 00:05:04,069 Steve: To be honest I thought all I need to do now is be 79 00:05:04,171 --> 00:05:06,538 Ready for the next time with the camera, 80 00:05:06,640 --> 00:05:10,008 To take that all-important photograph. 81 00:05:12,413 --> 00:05:16,748 Narrator: 28 years later, he's still waiting. 82 00:05:19,336 --> 00:05:22,204 Man (over film): Loch ness, on which the eyes of the world are focused. 83 00:05:22,306 --> 00:05:25,907 Narrator: Scientists too have been drawn to the loch, 84 00:05:26,010 --> 00:05:30,579 And their experiences have been just as mixed as steve's. 85 00:05:31,415 --> 00:05:34,299 Man (over film): The hunt is well and truly on. 86 00:05:37,037 --> 00:05:39,504 Narrator: All through the 1970s and 80s, 87 00:05:39,606 --> 00:05:43,175 Major investigations traversed the loch in the hope of making 88 00:05:43,277 --> 00:05:46,578 A genuine zoological discovery. 89 00:05:46,680 --> 00:05:50,432 Most come back empty handed, but not all. 90 00:05:51,101 --> 00:05:53,168 Reporter (over tv): The team of scientists sweeping the 91 00:05:53,270 --> 00:05:55,737 Depths of loch ness said tonight they've made sonar 92 00:05:55,839 --> 00:05:59,141 Contact with a large unidentified object. 93 00:05:59,243 --> 00:06:01,877 They described it as an unusual... 94 00:06:02,246 --> 00:06:05,280 Narrator: No sighting has ever been properly confirmed. 95 00:06:07,634 --> 00:06:13,171 But expeditions like these inspire naturalist adrian shine. 96 00:06:14,875 --> 00:06:18,543 He's been researching loch ness for more than 40 years. 97 00:06:19,346 --> 00:06:21,580 Adrian: Much of the work that we with the loch ness project 98 00:06:21,682 --> 00:06:24,066 Have been doing is biological. 99 00:06:24,168 --> 00:06:27,903 Counting fish, counting plankton, that sort of thing. 100 00:06:28,005 --> 00:06:30,906 And that's why I built a submarine. 101 00:06:31,008 --> 00:06:34,076 I recruited students and that's why we collaborate 102 00:06:34,178 --> 00:06:36,745 With so many universities. 103 00:06:36,847 --> 00:06:41,500 But inevitably we've become also intrigued by other 104 00:06:41,602 --> 00:06:43,568 Aspects of loch ness. 105 00:06:44,271 --> 00:06:47,839 Narrator: And no other aspect intrigues adrian more, 106 00:06:47,941 --> 00:06:50,976 Than the biggest question of all. 107 00:06:51,078 --> 00:06:53,695 Now, he's teamed up with craig wallace, 108 00:06:53,781 --> 00:06:56,882 An expert in deep water exploration. 109 00:06:58,102 --> 00:07:01,953 They're on board the research boat deep scan, 110 00:07:02,039 --> 00:07:04,739 Hoping to reveal what's inside loch ness in 111 00:07:04,842 --> 00:07:07,809 Greater detail than ever before. 112 00:07:07,911 --> 00:07:10,445 And even if they don't find the monster, 113 00:07:10,547 --> 00:07:14,566 Adrian believes that 21st century technology can explain 114 00:07:14,668 --> 00:07:17,602 What it is that people have been seeing. 115 00:07:17,704 --> 00:07:19,971 Craig: We've got a vertical range of 14 meters. 116 00:07:20,073 --> 00:07:21,840 Adrian: So you've got a very high resolution. 117 00:07:21,942 --> 00:07:23,942 Craig: Very high resolution. 118 00:07:24,044 --> 00:07:26,144 We're actually gonna drop down further to eight meters so we're gonna double it again. 119 00:07:26,246 --> 00:07:27,746 Adrian: Okay. Okay. 120 00:07:27,848 --> 00:07:30,966 Narrator: To find a monster, perhaps you need a monster. 121 00:07:31,835 --> 00:07:34,702 At the heart of this expedition is this robotic 122 00:07:34,771 --> 00:07:38,640 Underwater vehicle, armed with the latest sonar, 123 00:07:38,759 --> 00:07:43,044 It can even adjust its own course to avoid obstacles. 124 00:07:43,147 --> 00:07:45,814 It's called munin. 125 00:07:46,383 --> 00:07:47,899 Craig: It's only now that technology's getting up to 126 00:07:48,001 --> 00:07:50,902 That level where we can put vehicles in autonomously, 127 00:07:51,004 --> 00:07:53,171 Where they're making decisions on their own, 128 00:07:53,273 --> 00:07:55,841 Which allows you high accuracy navigation. 129 00:07:59,112 --> 00:08:02,447 Narrator: The first thing adrian and craig want munin to do 130 00:08:02,549 --> 00:08:06,101 Is to take a really close look at the bottom of the loch. 131 00:08:14,344 --> 00:08:15,443 Captain: Clear. 132 00:08:15,546 --> 00:08:17,846 Prop, we're testing the prop. 133 00:08:20,968 --> 00:08:23,168 Narrator: As it travels through the water, 134 00:08:23,270 --> 00:08:27,072 Munin sends signals that reach 700 feet down. 135 00:08:28,408 --> 00:08:31,409 Some believe there might be a huge cave there, 136 00:08:31,512 --> 00:08:35,447 The perfect spot for a large creature to hide inside. 137 00:08:36,884 --> 00:08:40,735 If there is a cave, it will show up as the signals bounce 138 00:08:40,837 --> 00:08:44,322 Back to munin and the receiving systems on the research vessel. 139 00:08:47,611 --> 00:08:52,414 And if munin was to detect not just a cave, but a monster, 140 00:08:52,516 --> 00:08:54,966 What would it be like? 141 00:08:56,587 --> 00:08:59,638 The photograph that created the most popular image 142 00:08:59,740 --> 00:09:02,173 Looks like a dinosaur. 143 00:09:03,644 --> 00:09:07,779 But could a dinosaur really exist in the scottish highlands? 144 00:09:10,350 --> 00:09:13,802 The country's dramatic landscape is made up of some 145 00:09:13,904 --> 00:09:16,938 Of the oldest rock layers in the world. 146 00:09:17,057 --> 00:09:20,875 And embedded in them are thousands of extraordinary 147 00:09:20,978 --> 00:09:24,713 Dinosaur fossils, which have long drawn scientists to the 148 00:09:24,815 --> 00:09:29,417 Country, including dr. Steve brusatte. 149 00:09:30,103 --> 00:09:32,203 Stephen: In the lagoons and long the rivers and the lakes, 150 00:09:32,306 --> 00:09:34,272 You would have had dinosaurs. 151 00:09:34,374 --> 00:09:37,742 These kind of animals did indeed live in scotland. 152 00:09:37,844 --> 00:09:40,412 There were sea monsters here. 153 00:09:40,514 --> 00:09:44,666 Narrator: But the question is, are there any sea monsters now? 154 00:09:46,036 --> 00:09:49,604 The last known large dinosaurs in scotland went extinct with 155 00:09:49,706 --> 00:09:53,341 The rest of their relatives 66 million years ago. 156 00:09:55,045 --> 00:09:59,914 And extinct animals don't just suddenly reappear, or do they? 157 00:10:02,669 --> 00:10:06,571 In 1938, a fish caught off the coast of south africa 158 00:10:06,673 --> 00:10:09,641 Shakes the scientific world. 159 00:10:10,711 --> 00:10:14,779 The coelacanth has long been thought to be extinct. 160 00:10:14,881 --> 00:10:18,433 It had previously only ever been seen in fossils over 161 00:10:18,535 --> 00:10:21,236 70 million years old. 162 00:10:21,338 --> 00:10:23,772 But the coelacanth, it turns out, 163 00:10:23,874 --> 00:10:27,075 Has been hiding in plain sight. 164 00:10:28,211 --> 00:10:31,846 Could something similar have happened in loch ness? 165 00:10:31,948 --> 00:10:36,234 A supposedly extinct prehistoric beast, lurking, 166 00:10:36,336 --> 00:10:39,738 Hidden from view, in his peaty waters. 167 00:10:40,841 --> 00:10:44,476 For this to be even possible, the loch ness we know today 168 00:10:44,578 --> 00:10:47,245 Would have to be a very ancient lake. 169 00:10:47,347 --> 00:10:50,315 A lake from the time of the dinosaurs. 170 00:10:51,601 --> 00:10:54,502 So is it? 171 00:10:54,604 --> 00:10:58,940 To find out, we'd need to peer into the deepest recesses of 172 00:10:59,042 --> 00:11:02,644 The loch and examine its very bedrock. 173 00:11:03,747 --> 00:11:05,914 But over 700 feet down, 174 00:11:06,016 --> 00:11:09,167 Loch ness is too deep for most divers. 175 00:11:10,037 --> 00:11:14,873 Instead, we have munin, which has now completed its scans, 176 00:11:14,975 --> 00:11:20,278 Giving us the data we need to drain the waters from the loch. 177 00:11:26,136 --> 00:11:30,238 Slowly, the loch's true scale is revealed. 178 00:11:35,912 --> 00:11:40,715 With steep side walls plunging down, at its base, 179 00:11:40,801 --> 00:11:44,102 There are no signs of any caves. 180 00:11:44,204 --> 00:11:48,339 Instead, just a barren plain of soft, deep sediment. 181 00:11:52,145 --> 00:11:56,281 But with our new data we can peel the sediment back too, 182 00:11:56,383 --> 00:11:58,733 To reveal in the depths of the loch, 183 00:11:58,835 --> 00:12:02,270 A glistening layer of glacial clay. 184 00:12:03,173 --> 00:12:06,007 Clay that can give us a more detailed understanding of the 185 00:12:06,109 --> 00:12:09,160 Loch's history and whether it could hold 186 00:12:09,246 --> 00:12:11,980 A prehistoric monster. 187 00:12:16,336 --> 00:12:19,104 For decades, scientists are intrigued by these 188 00:12:19,206 --> 00:12:22,140 Ancient layers at the bottom of the loch, 189 00:12:22,242 --> 00:12:26,911 And drill into the lake bed to extract core samples. 190 00:12:28,949 --> 00:12:32,901 Adrian: That is a time capsule of events within the loch. 191 00:12:34,971 --> 00:12:37,772 Narrator: They study the core samples. 192 00:12:38,775 --> 00:12:41,609 And calculate that the layer of clay marks the 193 00:12:41,711 --> 00:12:44,979 End of the last ice age. 194 00:12:45,081 --> 00:12:47,832 Adrian: So we've got a problem, 195 00:12:47,934 --> 00:12:52,237 Loch ness was one big ice cube until 10,000 years ago. 196 00:12:55,175 --> 00:12:58,576 Narrator: The dinosaurs went extinct long before then. 197 00:13:00,413 --> 00:13:04,966 And even if some had somehow managed to survive in scotland, 198 00:13:05,068 --> 00:13:08,903 They could never have lived inside an ice cube. 199 00:13:09,005 --> 00:13:13,508 Stephen: There's just no way that any of these 170 million year old 200 00:13:13,610 --> 00:13:17,946 Jurassic animals could have ever lived in that lake. 201 00:13:19,749 --> 00:13:23,334 Narrator: So if a monster does inhabit the loch, 202 00:13:23,436 --> 00:13:26,304 It's not a dinosaur. 203 00:13:26,406 --> 00:13:29,574 So what could it be? 204 00:13:30,811 --> 00:13:34,379 Perhaps there's a clue in another famous sighting. 205 00:13:37,667 --> 00:13:42,337 In the spring of 1933, hotel manager aldi mackay and her 206 00:13:42,439 --> 00:13:47,609 Husband john are driving along the shore of loch ness when 207 00:13:47,711 --> 00:13:51,746 Suddenly they see something moving through the water. 208 00:13:52,983 --> 00:13:55,667 The couple watch amazed for a full minute, 209 00:13:55,769 --> 00:13:59,103 As what seems to be a creature rolls around in the center of 210 00:13:59,206 --> 00:14:03,441 The loch and churns up the water around it. 211 00:14:05,312 --> 00:14:10,281 Later, aldi tells a reporter than the creature looked like a whale. 212 00:14:12,669 --> 00:14:16,704 Her story becomes front page news all around the world. 213 00:14:18,275 --> 00:14:22,744 Aldi took no photographs, but in subsequent decades, 214 00:14:22,846 --> 00:14:26,848 Other sightings seem to match this whale like description. 215 00:14:29,803 --> 00:14:34,839 So could the monster really be a huge marine mammal? 216 00:14:36,076 --> 00:14:40,178 The problem is there is no swimmable route from the sea 217 00:14:40,280 --> 00:14:43,815 To loch ness. 218 00:14:45,302 --> 00:14:47,702 And even if a whale like creature could get into the 219 00:14:47,804 --> 00:14:51,272 Loch, there's a bigger obstacle. 220 00:14:52,742 --> 00:14:58,079 Any saltwater beast would surely die in a freshwater lake. 221 00:14:58,715 --> 00:15:01,065 Or would it? 222 00:15:02,402 --> 00:15:06,104 The answer to this question may lie somewhere else, 223 00:15:06,206 --> 00:15:10,308 In the deepest and oldest lake in the world. 224 00:15:19,235 --> 00:15:25,239 Narrator: At almost 400 miles long, up to 49 miles wide, 225 00:15:26,042 --> 00:15:29,644 And in places a full mile deep, 226 00:15:31,348 --> 00:15:36,634 Lake baikal is at least 25 million years old. 227 00:15:38,505 --> 00:15:42,507 4,000 miles away from scotland, 228 00:15:42,609 --> 00:15:45,443 This mega lake is so colossal, 229 00:15:45,545 --> 00:15:49,914 It can hold 3,000 times more water than loch ness. 230 00:15:53,269 --> 00:15:57,205 And still have room for a few monsters. 231 00:15:59,175 --> 00:16:02,543 Local folklore claims that a dragon like creature 232 00:16:02,646 --> 00:16:05,880 Inhabits these icy waters. 233 00:16:07,083 --> 00:16:11,436 But it's not dragons that local scientists have been studying... 234 00:16:13,907 --> 00:16:17,542 Instead they've made a series of startling discoveries that 235 00:16:17,644 --> 00:16:21,779 Might help solve the mystery of how a sea mammal could 236 00:16:21,881 --> 00:16:24,966 Thrive back in loch ness. 237 00:16:26,403 --> 00:16:29,671 In the winter months, if local people want to cross baikal, 238 00:16:29,773 --> 00:16:33,574 They don't go around the lake, they just drive over it. 239 00:16:35,845 --> 00:16:39,881 On ice that's up to five feet thick. 240 00:16:45,238 --> 00:16:48,973 Olga goriunova is part of a joint russian canadian team 241 00:16:49,075 --> 00:16:52,360 That's been excavating on the western shore. 242 00:16:54,581 --> 00:16:58,366 Olga: Usually when you deal with research along the shore of lake baikal, 243 00:16:58,468 --> 00:17:02,437 People tend to focus on the ecology aspect only. 244 00:17:04,441 --> 00:17:06,007 The landscape. 245 00:17:06,109 --> 00:17:09,811 The wildlife and so on, and all the surroundings. 246 00:17:12,615 --> 00:17:15,633 Narrator: Olga has made a special study of an ancient community 247 00:17:15,735 --> 00:17:20,138 That created stone age art here over 4,000 years ago. 248 00:17:21,941 --> 00:17:25,643 Some of the creatures they drew look familiar, 249 00:17:25,745 --> 00:17:30,948 But they're not loch ness monsters or even dragons. 250 00:17:32,235 --> 00:17:35,570 Olga has a less fanciful explanation. 251 00:17:37,006 --> 00:17:39,874 Olga: Here we have swans. 252 00:17:39,976 --> 00:17:43,244 This is a more ancient drawing. 253 00:17:44,180 --> 00:17:47,865 And here we can see groups of swans. 254 00:17:50,236 --> 00:17:53,104 Narrator: Along the lake's shore is a site that plays a 255 00:17:53,206 --> 00:17:56,474 Crucial role in the lives of these people. 256 00:17:57,894 --> 00:18:03,848 Olga: The oldest layer of this site is more than 9,000 years old. 257 00:18:05,568 --> 00:18:08,069 Here, we have a stack of dark layers dating back to the 258 00:18:08,171 --> 00:18:11,873 Neolithic period, or the new stone age. 259 00:18:14,978 --> 00:18:17,311 Narrator: Olga believes that the ancient community here 260 00:18:17,413 --> 00:18:20,448 Used this place as a stone age slaughterhouse. 261 00:18:24,304 --> 00:18:26,637 Olga: This is very interesting. 262 00:18:26,739 --> 00:18:30,541 Here, the wall collapsed, revealing bones. 263 00:18:31,978 --> 00:18:36,681 Look, this is the pelvic bone. 264 00:18:36,783 --> 00:18:41,369 These are the shoulder blades and here is a vertebrae. 265 00:18:43,206 --> 00:18:44,906 Narrator: So what's all this got to do with 266 00:18:45,008 --> 00:18:47,575 The loch ness monster? 267 00:18:49,245 --> 00:18:52,180 The connection is a creature that these ancient humans were 268 00:18:52,282 --> 00:18:56,267 Butchering on the shores of the fresh water lake. 269 00:18:59,706 --> 00:19:04,542 To find it, we must first drain lake baikal. 270 00:19:05,845 --> 00:19:08,479 As the ice cracks and melts, 271 00:19:08,581 --> 00:19:11,999 Trillions of gallons of freshwater flood out. 272 00:19:13,069 --> 00:19:16,637 And an unseen landscape emerges, 273 00:19:16,739 --> 00:19:19,974 With vast quantities of sediment piled high on the 274 00:19:20,076 --> 00:19:22,577 Immense lake bed. 275 00:19:23,513 --> 00:19:26,814 But if this sediment is also pulled back, 276 00:19:26,916 --> 00:19:31,536 It reveals of evidence of thousands of years of hunting. 277 00:19:33,039 --> 00:19:37,275 Bones everywhere with all their meat hacked off. 278 00:19:38,411 --> 00:19:43,080 It quickly becomes obvious that one animal above all predominates. 279 00:19:44,184 --> 00:19:48,452 A sea creature that's familiar to anyone in scotland. 280 00:19:50,006 --> 00:19:52,006 Seals. 281 00:19:53,843 --> 00:19:56,143 In every other place on the planet, 282 00:19:56,246 --> 00:19:58,980 Seals are a saltwater creature. 283 00:20:00,583 --> 00:20:04,135 But the bones here belong to the nerpa, 284 00:20:04,237 --> 00:20:07,438 A remarkable species of seal that uniquely evolved 285 00:20:07,540 --> 00:20:10,741 To live in fresh water. 286 00:20:12,645 --> 00:20:16,047 But how did they first get here, over 1,000 miles 287 00:20:16,149 --> 00:20:18,266 From the saltwater of the sea? 288 00:20:19,569 --> 00:20:24,171 One possible explanation is that 300,000 years ago, 289 00:20:24,274 --> 00:20:27,742 Baikal may have been connected to the arctic ocean, 290 00:20:27,844 --> 00:20:31,245 But when the connection was broken, the seals were trapped 291 00:20:31,347 --> 00:20:34,048 And so had to adapt. 292 00:20:36,803 --> 00:20:40,538 Could something similar have happened in loch ness? 293 00:20:40,640 --> 00:20:44,375 Large sea creatures finding their way to an inland lake 294 00:20:44,477 --> 00:20:48,045 And then evolving to live there? 295 00:20:50,149 --> 00:20:54,402 Glacial geologist jeremy everest uses the latest technology 296 00:20:54,504 --> 00:20:58,472 To study landscapes and the way they can change over time. 297 00:21:01,444 --> 00:21:03,744 With an array of computing power, 298 00:21:03,846 --> 00:21:07,014 Geologists can now model the area of scotland around the 299 00:21:07,116 --> 00:21:10,201 Northern end of the loch in fine detail. 300 00:21:12,205 --> 00:21:15,439 Jeremy also uses an interactive 3d model that 301 00:21:15,541 --> 00:21:20,411 Works like a hologram where he can play scientific moses with 302 00:21:20,513 --> 00:21:22,580 A wave of his hand. 303 00:21:23,683 --> 00:21:26,033 Jeremy: I can hold my hand over the model and it'll rain, 304 00:21:26,135 --> 00:21:29,003 So I'm filling the, filling the ocean and raising the 305 00:21:29,105 --> 00:21:31,405 Local sea level. 306 00:21:33,009 --> 00:21:36,510 Narrator: So what happens if the water continues to rise? 307 00:21:36,612 --> 00:21:39,613 For example, at the end of an ice age. 308 00:21:41,401 --> 00:21:43,768 Jeremy: Sea levels rise because all the ice is melting 309 00:21:43,870 --> 00:21:45,936 And draining the waters back into the oceans, 310 00:21:46,039 --> 00:21:50,975 Allowing water to cross this area of land and enter loch ness. 311 00:21:52,812 --> 00:21:55,713 There we have a marine incursion with sea water 312 00:21:55,815 --> 00:21:58,532 Draining into the loch. 313 00:21:59,552 --> 00:22:02,203 Narrator: And if the land barrier disappears, 314 00:22:02,305 --> 00:22:06,407 Could a creature like a whale swim between the two? 315 00:22:07,176 --> 00:22:10,945 Lake baikal proves that salt water animals can adapt to 316 00:22:11,047 --> 00:22:13,014 Live in fresh water. 317 00:22:13,983 --> 00:22:17,001 So a whale like creature entering the loch at this time 318 00:22:17,103 --> 00:22:20,638 Might not be an impossibility. 319 00:22:21,341 --> 00:22:26,043 Although many geologists, including jeremy, are highly skeptical, 320 00:22:26,145 --> 00:22:29,580 And finally there's another problem. 321 00:22:29,682 --> 00:22:34,001 Whales and seals are mammals and breath air. 322 00:22:34,771 --> 00:22:38,606 If one was in the loch today, every time it came up for air 323 00:22:38,708 --> 00:22:41,175 It would be spotted. 324 00:22:42,211 --> 00:22:46,514 So large sea mammals cannot be the explanation for 325 00:22:46,616 --> 00:22:49,166 The loch ness monster. 326 00:22:49,268 --> 00:22:54,772 If she isn't a dinosaur and can't be a whale, 327 00:22:55,842 --> 00:22:59,810 What could explain one of the most famous sightings of all? 328 00:23:00,963 --> 00:23:04,999 In 1936, malcolm irvine becomes the first person to 329 00:23:05,101 --> 00:23:10,638 Film a huge indistinct creature swimming against the current. 330 00:23:14,444 --> 00:23:17,845 Many sightings since have described a large animal doing 331 00:23:17,947 --> 00:23:21,215 The same, pushing against the wind and water. 332 00:23:21,968 --> 00:23:26,570 Adrian: You will see a tree trunk or log out on the loch, 333 00:23:26,672 --> 00:23:29,306 But then you realize it isn't, it can't be. 334 00:23:29,409 --> 00:23:30,708 It can't be. It's swimming. 335 00:23:30,810 --> 00:23:33,761 It's swimming against the wind. 336 00:23:33,846 --> 00:23:36,847 Narrator: Surely nothing but nessie could ever move 337 00:23:36,949 --> 00:23:39,767 Through water like this. 338 00:23:49,745 --> 00:23:53,647 Narrator: If you want a sense of just how strange lakes can be, 339 00:23:53,749 --> 00:23:57,334 The biggest lake in the world is a good place to start. 340 00:24:01,774 --> 00:24:05,309 Lake baikal's own resident water dragon tends to get 341 00:24:05,411 --> 00:24:09,280 Blamed whenever anything unusual happens here, 342 00:24:10,249 --> 00:24:15,402 And in 2009, something totally extraordinary happens. 343 00:24:20,309 --> 00:24:23,010 Astronauts aboard the international space station 344 00:24:23,112 --> 00:24:25,579 Observe giant circles, 345 00:24:27,083 --> 00:24:30,334 Huge rings carved into the ice. 346 00:24:32,171 --> 00:24:35,239 They are over two and a half miles in diameter. 347 00:24:37,376 --> 00:24:40,411 And so bizarre that it's not just the water dragon 348 00:24:40,513 --> 00:24:42,446 That gets blamed. 349 00:24:46,235 --> 00:24:50,838 Alexei: People started to speak about flying saucers, 350 00:24:52,008 --> 00:24:55,543 Fairy rings, or underwater civilizations. 351 00:24:55,645 --> 00:24:58,445 So it looks so strange and so unusual. 352 00:25:00,583 --> 00:25:04,301 Narrator: Alexei kouraev is studying the circles scientifically, 353 00:25:04,403 --> 00:25:07,571 Trying to work out what causes them. 354 00:25:09,775 --> 00:25:13,344 Might what he discovers shed light on those strange 355 00:25:13,446 --> 00:25:16,514 Sightings back in loch ness? 356 00:25:17,884 --> 00:25:21,569 The most obvious thing about the rings close up are gas 357 00:25:21,671 --> 00:25:24,538 Bubbles trapped in the ice. 358 00:25:26,409 --> 00:25:29,610 At first, experts wonder if this means the rings are 359 00:25:29,712 --> 00:25:33,480 Connected to giant underwater gas vents that alexei knows 360 00:25:33,583 --> 00:25:35,866 Are on the lake bed. 361 00:25:40,206 --> 00:25:44,108 He sends a remotely operated vehicle, or rov, 362 00:25:44,210 --> 00:25:48,212 Under the ice to see if the bubbles and rings are linked. 363 00:25:49,982 --> 00:25:53,234 But deep in the lake, the water's so dark it's almost 364 00:25:53,336 --> 00:25:56,370 Impossible for him to see anything. 365 00:25:58,708 --> 00:26:01,375 But we can. 366 00:26:02,111 --> 00:26:06,046 Using the data from alexei's rov to drain part of the lake 367 00:26:06,148 --> 00:26:09,500 That's known to contain vents. 368 00:26:12,705 --> 00:26:15,239 As vast volumes of water vanish, 369 00:26:17,843 --> 00:26:21,645 The steep lake sides plummet a mile down. 370 00:26:24,717 --> 00:26:27,735 And now, daylight shines on the massive expanse 371 00:26:27,853 --> 00:26:30,804 Of the lake bed. 372 00:26:31,474 --> 00:26:35,376 Huge rocky cliffs travel along its length, evidence of 373 00:26:35,478 --> 00:26:39,747 The giant seismic rift that first created baikal. 374 00:26:41,584 --> 00:26:44,868 Near the rift, raised areas. 375 00:26:46,339 --> 00:26:49,340 The vents. 376 00:26:50,376 --> 00:26:53,277 These are mini volcanoes. 377 00:26:53,379 --> 00:26:57,247 Holes in the earth's crust that spew out hot gasses 378 00:26:57,350 --> 00:27:00,334 Into the icy waters. 379 00:27:01,771 --> 00:27:04,204 But there's a further mystery, 380 00:27:04,307 --> 00:27:07,841 The sites of the vents bear no relation 381 00:27:07,943 --> 00:27:10,744 To the sites of the giant rings. 382 00:27:12,114 --> 00:27:14,782 So they can't be causing them. 383 00:27:23,242 --> 00:27:26,577 From the air, the surface of this immense lake looks 384 00:27:26,679 --> 00:27:30,080 Utterly still and inert. 385 00:27:31,801 --> 00:27:35,969 But recent research by alexei is showing that under the ice 386 00:27:36,072 --> 00:27:39,073 It's a different story. 387 00:27:41,077 --> 00:27:44,278 Alexei: Baikal is covered for several months by ice. 388 00:27:44,380 --> 00:27:46,947 One may think that it's sleeping, 389 00:27:47,049 --> 00:27:50,167 But actually it's quite the opposite. 390 00:28:01,447 --> 00:28:04,515 So by cutting a hole in the ice, 391 00:28:04,617 --> 00:28:08,936 It gives you a kind of window to this underwater world. 392 00:28:19,582 --> 00:28:22,666 Narrator: Alexei is sending down the rov, 393 00:28:22,768 --> 00:28:26,203 To study how water behaves in baikal. 394 00:28:29,275 --> 00:28:34,611 As it descends, it monitors the density and speed of currents, 395 00:28:34,714 --> 00:28:38,315 To create a three-dimensional image of the water. 396 00:28:40,870 --> 00:28:44,171 His work has deepened our knowledge of how lake baikal 397 00:28:44,273 --> 00:28:48,675 Actually works, revealing that under the ice, 398 00:28:48,778 --> 00:28:51,612 The water is in turmoil. 399 00:28:51,714 --> 00:28:56,834 Alexei: So it's a huge mass of water with several hundreds of 400 00:28:56,936 --> 00:29:01,171 Meter high, which is in constant rotation. 401 00:29:03,642 --> 00:29:06,376 Narrator: As cold winds blow over the lake, 402 00:29:06,479 --> 00:29:09,747 They chill the top layers of water. 403 00:29:10,716 --> 00:29:16,203 These then sink and warmer layers below rise, 404 00:29:16,305 --> 00:29:20,040 Creating immense currents which eventually form 405 00:29:20,142 --> 00:29:23,544 Powerful spiraling eddies. 406 00:29:26,515 --> 00:29:28,215 Alexei: When you know where the eddies, 407 00:29:28,317 --> 00:29:31,335 Most probably the ice rinks will develop. 408 00:29:32,404 --> 00:29:34,972 Narrator: The eddies, with their powerful columns of 409 00:29:35,074 --> 00:29:38,675 Warm water, corkscrew around... 410 00:29:40,246 --> 00:29:44,314 Thinning the ice above them and forming great rings. 411 00:29:46,769 --> 00:29:51,472 So huge, they can be seen from space. 412 00:29:57,646 --> 00:30:01,448 Could loch ness contain forces just as strange and surprising 413 00:30:01,550 --> 00:30:04,501 As those in baikal? 414 00:30:05,971 --> 00:30:09,540 And if so, might they account for some of the most common 415 00:30:09,642 --> 00:30:12,042 Monster sightings of all, 416 00:30:12,144 --> 00:30:15,145 The ones that swim against the current. 417 00:30:16,649 --> 00:30:19,566 Woman: Oh my god, it's moving. 418 00:30:22,671 --> 00:30:25,138 Narrator: When the summer sun heats the surface, 419 00:30:25,241 --> 00:30:28,141 It creates a thin layer of warm water on top 420 00:30:28,244 --> 00:30:30,944 Of colder, denser water underneath. 421 00:30:34,083 --> 00:30:37,634 When the wind blows, it pushes that warmer layer 422 00:30:37,736 --> 00:30:40,037 Up the length of the loch. 423 00:30:41,173 --> 00:30:46,310 When it reaches the far end, it bounces back down the loch, 424 00:30:46,412 --> 00:30:49,646 Moving in the opposite direction to the cooler water 425 00:30:49,748 --> 00:30:52,366 Underneath it. 426 00:30:53,769 --> 00:30:57,304 Adrian: Invisible at the surface, huge waves fall. 427 00:30:57,406 --> 00:31:00,073 They are very slow but they are very big. 428 00:31:00,242 --> 00:31:02,743 They are over 100 feet high. 429 00:31:04,947 --> 00:31:09,366 Narrator: With invisible waves rebounding up and down the loch, 430 00:31:10,369 --> 00:31:13,370 Big objects carried by the top layer, 431 00:31:13,472 --> 00:31:16,406 Create the illusion that something is swimming 432 00:31:16,508 --> 00:31:19,443 Against the wind. 433 00:31:25,217 --> 00:31:28,569 Adrian: That is a perfectly rational deduction, 434 00:31:28,671 --> 00:31:33,740 That a piece of material is seen to have a slow motion 435 00:31:33,842 --> 00:31:39,146 Against the wind, and hence thought to be swimming. 436 00:31:41,884 --> 00:31:44,368 Narrator: Scientists are convinced this phenomenon can 437 00:31:44,470 --> 00:31:47,804 Explain malcolm irvine's sighting of a creature 438 00:31:47,907 --> 00:31:51,275 Moving against the current. 439 00:31:54,380 --> 00:31:57,314 But there is still one type of sighting that 440 00:31:57,416 --> 00:32:00,701 Remains unexplained. 441 00:32:01,637 --> 00:32:05,138 One of the most common of all. 442 00:32:08,777 --> 00:32:11,378 Many people have claimed to see something that looks like 443 00:32:11,480 --> 00:32:16,333 A giant multi-humped creature, wriggling across the loch. 444 00:32:22,141 --> 00:32:24,908 The first person to study the monster seriously, 445 00:32:25,010 --> 00:32:28,145 Rupert gould, concluded from these sightings that nessie 446 00:32:28,247 --> 00:32:30,981 Must be a sea serpent. 447 00:32:32,735 --> 00:32:37,070 So, are all the people who claim to see this just deluded? 448 00:32:37,973 --> 00:32:41,108 Or could an extraordinary new discovery by adrian and his 449 00:32:41,210 --> 00:32:46,213 Crew prove that they are seeing something real after all? 450 00:32:54,006 --> 00:32:56,239 Narrator: Adrian and craig are on the second part of their 451 00:32:56,342 --> 00:32:58,675 Mission to scan loch ness. 452 00:32:59,645 --> 00:33:03,213 This time, they're on the hunt for a tragic shipwreck, 453 00:33:03,315 --> 00:33:06,400 Lost for almost 70 years. 454 00:33:11,640 --> 00:33:16,843 In 1952, national hero john cobb is determined to attempt 455 00:33:16,945 --> 00:33:19,846 The world water speed record. 456 00:33:20,783 --> 00:33:22,432 Man (over film): He climbed into the cockpit of a 457 00:33:22,534 --> 00:33:25,602 6,000 horsepower hydroplane, the crusader. 458 00:33:25,704 --> 00:33:28,472 Loch ness in scotland, the habitat of a legendary sea 459 00:33:28,574 --> 00:33:31,508 Serpent, had been chosen as the ideal spot for the planned 460 00:33:31,610 --> 00:33:34,211 Record breaking time trial. 461 00:33:39,968 --> 00:33:42,002 Narrator: But as the jet engine that powers his boat 462 00:33:42,104 --> 00:33:46,306 Pushes it over 200 miles per hour... 463 00:33:46,942 --> 00:33:48,875 Disaster. 464 00:33:55,801 --> 00:34:00,537 The crusader explodes and john cobb is killed instantly. 465 00:34:04,243 --> 00:34:07,611 Only small pieces of debris are ever recovered. 466 00:34:07,713 --> 00:34:10,047 Where is the rest of the boat 467 00:34:10,149 --> 00:34:13,133 And the giant engine that powered it? 468 00:34:14,169 --> 00:34:17,204 And what caused the crash? 469 00:34:20,776 --> 00:34:25,378 Believers have long speculated that the monster could be to blame. 470 00:34:27,483 --> 00:34:30,634 The crash took place on the eastern end of the loch, 471 00:34:30,736 --> 00:34:33,837 And it's here adrian and craig will scan. 472 00:34:36,408 --> 00:34:40,143 It's not the first time adrian's looked for the crusader. 473 00:34:45,150 --> 00:34:48,969 In July 2002, using the remotely operated vehicle, 474 00:34:49,071 --> 00:34:52,539 His team finds what they believe to be a debris field. 475 00:34:55,577 --> 00:35:00,614 But 700 feet down, visibility is so poor there's no way of 476 00:35:00,783 --> 00:35:04,434 Knowing if this really is cobb's boat. 477 00:35:09,441 --> 00:35:11,641 Now they're back. 478 00:35:12,644 --> 00:35:16,213 Using munin's advanced scanning technology, 479 00:35:16,315 --> 00:35:21,268 To find out if this is indeed the last resting place of the crusader. 480 00:35:23,806 --> 00:35:25,872 Craig: So here is the mission we planned, 481 00:35:25,974 --> 00:35:28,508 And you can see that this is really tight line spacing, 482 00:35:28,610 --> 00:35:31,745 Giving us the best possible chance of finding that engine. 483 00:35:31,847 --> 00:35:33,947 Adrian: It really is. 484 00:35:34,349 --> 00:35:36,299 Craig: We've dropped down very close to the sea bed, 485 00:35:36,401 --> 00:35:38,301 So the size scanner is running at 600 kilohertz. 486 00:35:38,403 --> 00:35:40,170 Adrian: 600, that's very high. 487 00:35:40,272 --> 00:35:43,507 Craig: And we're, so it's the best possible solution we can have. 488 00:35:45,644 --> 00:35:47,944 Narrator: Cruising close to the crash site, 489 00:35:48,046 --> 00:35:50,947 The underwater robot passes back and forth, 490 00:35:51,049 --> 00:35:54,034 Constantly scanning whatever is below. 491 00:35:55,137 --> 00:35:57,470 With the data successfully on board, 492 00:35:57,573 --> 00:36:00,273 The team analyzes the results. 493 00:36:00,776 --> 00:36:02,442 Craig: What I'm seeing is something much larger than 494 00:36:02,544 --> 00:36:04,678 We previously thought. 495 00:36:04,780 --> 00:36:06,780 Something here worth investigating. 496 00:36:06,882 --> 00:36:08,648 Adrian: There certainly is. 497 00:36:08,784 --> 00:36:10,000 Craig: Let's process some of the data. 498 00:36:10,102 --> 00:36:12,235 So once it's processed, what you get here, 499 00:36:12,337 --> 00:36:14,905 We can take a look at this in three dimensions. 500 00:36:15,908 --> 00:36:19,442 So the same site gives us this. 501 00:36:20,279 --> 00:36:21,945 Adrian: Oh well. 502 00:36:22,047 --> 00:36:27,200 That looks like crusader, and I am amazed. 503 00:36:29,304 --> 00:36:31,638 Narrator: If they've discovered the crusader, 504 00:36:31,740 --> 00:36:34,140 It could be historically important, 505 00:36:34,243 --> 00:36:37,611 Revealing details of the crash for the first time. 506 00:36:40,282 --> 00:36:44,100 To be sure, we need to remove the dark waters of loch ness 507 00:36:44,203 --> 00:36:47,604 From above the wreck. 508 00:36:50,609 --> 00:36:54,444 As the loch empties, a remarkable sight. 509 00:36:57,316 --> 00:36:59,766 The debris field. 510 00:37:01,236 --> 00:37:06,740 Scattered pieces of aluminum blown apart by explosive power. 511 00:37:09,878 --> 00:37:13,847 As light hits what appears to be the broken aluminum hull, 512 00:37:15,183 --> 00:37:19,536 It's clear half the boat remains intact. 513 00:37:20,806 --> 00:37:24,207 Including one of its stabilizers. 514 00:37:26,111 --> 00:37:31,081 And a huge jet engine runs over a third the length of the boat, 515 00:37:32,301 --> 00:37:36,569 Much bigger than you'd expect on any regular speed boat. 516 00:37:38,974 --> 00:37:41,975 It's the proof they've been looking for. 517 00:37:42,344 --> 00:37:44,611 It's the crusader. 518 00:37:45,981 --> 00:37:51,501 But can they solve the mystery of why it was wrecked? 519 00:37:51,603 --> 00:37:54,571 And why some people believe that nessie 520 00:37:54,673 --> 00:37:57,040 Could have played a role. 521 00:37:58,277 --> 00:38:01,411 Adrian: After the accident, there were speculations that 522 00:38:01,513 --> 00:38:04,581 It was the wake of the loch ness monster. 523 00:38:07,235 --> 00:38:09,903 Narrator: Adrian and craig go back to the original footage 524 00:38:10,005 --> 00:38:13,406 And analyze the crash frame by frame. 525 00:38:19,614 --> 00:38:22,799 And spot something unusual. 526 00:38:24,169 --> 00:38:25,735 Adrian: That's interesting. 527 00:38:25,837 --> 00:38:28,571 I think we should look at the other side, yes. 528 00:38:28,674 --> 00:38:30,440 Right. 529 00:38:30,542 --> 00:38:33,143 Now this is different. 530 00:38:33,245 --> 00:38:35,178 Craig: This is from the other side, looking from the west shore. 531 00:38:35,280 --> 00:38:37,480 Adrian: There is an oscillation taking place. 532 00:38:37,582 --> 00:38:38,782 Craig: Yeah. 533 00:38:38,884 --> 00:38:39,833 Adrian: He's thrown backwards and forwards, 534 00:38:39,935 --> 00:38:41,601 Backwards and forwards. 535 00:38:41,703 --> 00:38:44,604 Craig: So she's still fully in control as she crosses the 536 00:38:44,706 --> 00:38:45,872 Measure mile. 537 00:38:45,974 --> 00:38:49,376 Adrian: She's in control, but she's oscillating. 538 00:38:50,712 --> 00:38:51,845 Craig: He's started to slow down, 539 00:38:51,947 --> 00:38:54,347 The camera's slowly catching there. 540 00:38:54,449 --> 00:38:58,134 Adrian: And down goes the bow and immediately you see this 541 00:38:58,236 --> 00:39:00,437 Plume go out. 542 00:39:00,539 --> 00:39:02,472 Craig: Yeah. 543 00:39:02,574 --> 00:39:05,275 Adrian: And there we go. 544 00:39:08,547 --> 00:39:12,565 Narrator: Analysis of the footage reveals crusader hits waves. 545 00:39:12,667 --> 00:39:14,834 But this is puzzling. 546 00:39:14,936 --> 00:39:18,038 There shouldn't have been any waves. 547 00:39:20,042 --> 00:39:23,643 Cobb and his team know that they can only conduct speed 548 00:39:23,745 --> 00:39:28,248 Trials on those rare days when the loch is absolutely calm. 549 00:39:29,451 --> 00:39:32,702 They delay their record-breaking attempt until the wind 550 00:39:32,804 --> 00:39:36,506 Has dropped and the loch is so calm it's like a mirror. 551 00:39:38,076 --> 00:39:42,112 So where does the mysterious wave come from? 552 00:39:47,769 --> 00:39:49,969 Adrian thinks there's something else on the bottom 553 00:39:50,072 --> 00:39:53,339 Of the loch that could help answer the question of why 554 00:39:53,442 --> 00:39:57,077 Waves big enough to destroy a boat can suddenly appear in 555 00:39:57,179 --> 00:40:00,880 Loch ness, as if from nowhere. 556 00:40:13,111 --> 00:40:16,196 Narrator: People have lived around loch ness for centuries. 557 00:40:17,549 --> 00:40:20,533 But there were hardly any sightings of a monster until 558 00:40:20,635 --> 00:40:24,838 The 1930s, when the numbers explode. 559 00:40:26,141 --> 00:40:28,875 Why the sudden increase? 560 00:40:30,445 --> 00:40:33,613 Adrian believes that another wreck at the bottom of loch ness 561 00:40:33,715 --> 00:40:37,300 May help explain, and shed light on 562 00:40:37,402 --> 00:40:41,004 The tragic fate of john cobb. 563 00:40:45,677 --> 00:40:49,279 The pansy is an ocean-going fishing boat, 564 00:40:49,381 --> 00:40:52,415 Built at the turn of the 20th century. 565 00:40:52,501 --> 00:40:57,737 She has a 60 foot main mast, two feet thick at the base. 566 00:40:58,940 --> 00:41:04,043 But what is an ocean-going vessel doing in loch ness? 567 00:41:07,449 --> 00:41:12,202 In 1803, construction begins on an ambitious project to 568 00:41:12,304 --> 00:41:16,439 Link the lochs of the great glen into a 60 mile passage 569 00:41:16,541 --> 00:41:18,975 From sea to sea. 570 00:41:19,077 --> 00:41:22,278 The caledonian canal. 571 00:41:27,135 --> 00:41:30,303 With this waterway in place, fishing fleets can now cross 572 00:41:30,405 --> 00:41:34,774 Through its canal locks quickly from one side of scotland to the other. 573 00:41:35,277 --> 00:41:38,044 Adrian: Thousands once moved through loch ness from the 574 00:41:38,180 --> 00:41:40,914 East to the west coast fishing grounds. 575 00:41:42,017 --> 00:41:45,468 Narrator: One of those thousands of boats is the pansy. 576 00:41:46,438 --> 00:41:51,140 Perhaps it can now offer up a clue to the surge in monster sightings. 577 00:41:54,312 --> 00:41:56,579 Craig: So, we're gonna pass the munin really close right 578 00:41:56,681 --> 00:41:59,082 Over the top of pansy, so we can get the best possible 579 00:41:59,184 --> 00:42:01,768 Three-dimensional representation of the wreck. 580 00:42:03,371 --> 00:42:05,772 Narrator: The pansy sinks near the center of the loch, 581 00:42:05,874 --> 00:42:08,908 Close to an area called foyers. 582 00:42:09,711 --> 00:42:13,680 It's here where munin is completing its final scan. 583 00:42:16,434 --> 00:42:19,335 Craig: If we zoom in here, wow, look at that. 584 00:42:19,437 --> 00:42:21,137 Now I'm starting to see some extra footage. 585 00:42:21,239 --> 00:42:23,106 Adrian: You have the most classic form. 586 00:42:23,241 --> 00:42:26,409 Look at that deep four foot and that digs into the water 587 00:42:26,511 --> 00:42:29,913 And allows the vessel to tack against the wind. 588 00:42:30,382 --> 00:42:34,234 Look at the rudder there on that sharp stern. 589 00:42:36,238 --> 00:42:39,556 Narrator: Using craig's incredibly precise data, 590 00:42:39,641 --> 00:42:42,709 We can drain the waters around the wreck of pansy, 591 00:42:42,811 --> 00:42:46,813 To show the loch bed here in extraordinary detail. 592 00:42:48,583 --> 00:42:53,202 Revealing the fishing boat for the first time in almost 100 years. 593 00:42:58,543 --> 00:43:03,413 Gently resting on the loch bed, she's remarkably intact. 594 00:43:05,417 --> 00:43:09,469 Including the crutch on which the huge mast once rested. 595 00:43:10,538 --> 00:43:14,540 But the data reveals something unexpected. 596 00:43:14,643 --> 00:43:17,377 A missing piece. 597 00:43:17,912 --> 00:43:19,379 Adrian: Where's the mast? Craig: Yeah. 598 00:43:19,481 --> 00:43:21,914 Adrian: If there's no mast then how did she get about? 599 00:43:22,017 --> 00:43:23,700 Craig: Yep. 600 00:43:24,269 --> 00:43:28,304 Narrator: Returning to the drained wreck site reveals the answer. 601 00:43:29,641 --> 00:43:33,710 Inside her wooden hull, an engine. 602 00:43:34,980 --> 00:43:38,881 Adrian: The boat was built in 1903, but in 1909, 603 00:43:38,984 --> 00:43:42,068 An auxiliary motor was fitted. 604 00:43:42,170 --> 00:43:45,705 A 40... A 48 horsepower thornycroft. 605 00:43:47,375 --> 00:43:50,043 Narrator: Pansy didn't have a mast because she 606 00:43:50,145 --> 00:43:52,745 No longer needed one. 607 00:43:52,847 --> 00:43:55,882 The installing of a thornycroft engine allowed 608 00:43:55,950 --> 00:43:58,334 Her to move between fishing grounds, 609 00:43:58,436 --> 00:44:01,070 Even in dead calm weather. 610 00:44:02,207 --> 00:44:05,642 And this simple advance in technology may help explain 611 00:44:05,744 --> 00:44:09,245 How a wave could suddenly come from nowhere, 612 00:44:09,347 --> 00:44:12,699 As it did so disastrously for john cobb. 613 00:44:15,603 --> 00:44:17,437 Adrian: If the water goes calm, 614 00:44:17,539 --> 00:44:22,041 A sailing vessel goes nowhere, it is becalmed. 615 00:44:23,812 --> 00:44:27,647 Narrator: To be able to sail, a sailing vessel requires wind, 616 00:44:27,749 --> 00:44:31,000 And wind can disturb the water so completely you 617 00:44:31,102 --> 00:44:33,736 Can't see a boat's wake. 618 00:44:33,838 --> 00:44:36,739 But with the advent of motor power, 619 00:44:36,841 --> 00:44:40,043 Boats can travel back and forth across loch ness, 620 00:44:40,145 --> 00:44:42,311 In dead calm, 621 00:44:42,447 --> 00:44:46,399 Leaving an unbroken and visible wake behind them. 622 00:44:48,803 --> 00:44:52,338 It's now that loch ness itself turns these wakes into 623 00:44:52,440 --> 00:44:55,174 Something remarkable. 624 00:44:55,643 --> 00:44:59,946 Its steep sides and unusually straight shape mean that wakes 625 00:45:00,115 --> 00:45:03,032 Created by boats can last for hours, 626 00:45:03,134 --> 00:45:08,371 Moving up and down the loch, miles from any visible boat. 627 00:45:10,375 --> 00:45:12,075 Adrian: If you're looking across the loch, 628 00:45:12,177 --> 00:45:16,345 The vessel having made it will have gone a mile or more 629 00:45:16,448 --> 00:45:19,715 Before that, that wake hits the shore. 630 00:45:21,403 --> 00:45:24,470 Narrator: Despite cobb's precautions, 631 00:45:24,572 --> 00:45:27,974 The likely explanation for his crash is that his lightly 632 00:45:28,076 --> 00:45:32,111 Built speed boat hit a long lasting wake, 633 00:45:32,213 --> 00:45:36,199 Perhaps from one of his own support vessels. 634 00:45:37,535 --> 00:45:40,136 Adrian: They can travel for miles in calm water, 635 00:45:40,238 --> 00:45:42,138 Where they're not broken up. 636 00:45:42,240 --> 00:45:45,942 At 200 miles an hour, any wave is going to damage a 637 00:45:46,044 --> 00:45:48,911 Lightly built vessel like crusader. 638 00:45:50,915 --> 00:45:53,399 Narrator: The unexpectedly strange behavior of water and 639 00:45:53,501 --> 00:45:58,538 Currents in loch ness may also explain that strangest of all 640 00:45:58,640 --> 00:46:02,675 Phenomena in the loch, the monster. 641 00:46:04,362 --> 00:46:08,014 From above, they are simple wakes. 642 00:46:08,116 --> 00:46:12,902 But side on from the shore line, the monster appears. 643 00:46:15,173 --> 00:46:18,174 Adrian: And that wake, observed from a low angle, 644 00:46:18,276 --> 00:46:20,777 Actually looks very solid. 645 00:46:21,412 --> 00:46:23,012 Man: See, look, what's that? 646 00:46:23,114 --> 00:46:25,281 What is that? 647 00:46:25,383 --> 00:46:28,935 Narrator: Just as cobb's vessel was likely hit by a wake, 648 00:46:29,003 --> 00:46:32,171 The many people who think they see a humped serpent 649 00:46:32,273 --> 00:46:33,940 Wriggling in the loch 650 00:46:34,042 --> 00:46:37,376 May in fact be seeing nothing more mysterious 651 00:46:37,479 --> 00:46:42,048 Than the watery signature of a boat that's many miles away. 652 00:46:42,867 --> 00:46:45,802 Adrian: Have we solved the loch ness mystery? 653 00:46:46,704 --> 00:46:52,074 Well, there will be a loch ness monster as long as we want one. 654 00:46:54,946 --> 00:46:58,181 Narrator: Draining loch ness reveals a possible scientific 655 00:46:58,283 --> 00:47:02,034 Explanation of one of the world's greatest mysteries. 656 00:47:04,272 --> 00:47:08,674 But for the excited visitors who still come in search of nessie, 657 00:47:09,644 --> 00:47:13,346 And the hundreds who claim to catch a glimpse of her, 658 00:47:13,448 --> 00:47:17,433 The monster remains alive and well. 659 00:47:18,086 --> 00:47:19,268 Captioned by cotter captioning services.