1 00:00:13,263 --> 00:00:15,265 [needle screeches] 2 00:00:15,349 --> 00:00:18,352 [various genres play subsequently] 3 00:00:26,735 --> 00:00:28,737 [whoosh, thump] 4 00:00:52,302 --> 00:00:54,304 [gunshots] 5 00:00:55,347 --> 00:00:57,474 [news anchor] Here now is a special item of news. 6 00:00:57,933 --> 00:00:59,935 [anchor #2] Reggae star Bob Marley has been shot. 7 00:01:05,315 --> 00:01:06,942 [man] There was blood everywhere. 8 00:01:07,025 --> 00:01:08,944 It looked like it had been sprayed with bullets. 9 00:01:13,949 --> 00:01:15,270 [woman 1] In the shooting of Bob, 10 00:01:15,325 --> 00:01:17,202 it's difficult to separate fact from fiction. 11 00:01:22,874 --> 00:01:26,211 [woman 2] Everybody had a theory. Some said it was the opposition, 12 00:01:26,295 --> 00:01:27,504 some said it was the CIA... 13 00:01:28,505 --> 00:01:30,716 [indistinct radio communications] 14 00:01:33,260 --> 00:01:36,096 [reporter] There have been charges that the shooting of Bob Marley 15 00:01:36,179 --> 00:01:38,682 is part of a plot to destabilize Jamaica. 16 00:01:45,022 --> 00:01:47,274 [woman 3] And if a directive was given, 17 00:01:47,357 --> 00:01:49,234 did it come from the highest level? 18 00:01:56,241 --> 00:01:59,494 [woman 4] Why would anybody want to hurt Bob? 19 00:01:59,578 --> 00:02:02,080 He was so much a symbol of peace! 20 00:02:03,206 --> 00:02:05,375 [news reporter] Authorities are still at a loss 21 00:02:05,459 --> 00:02:07,044 for who was behind the shooting. 22 00:02:07,127 --> 00:02:08,462 [gunshot] 23 00:02:21,642 --> 00:02:24,019 While living in Trenchtown, you know... 24 00:02:25,270 --> 00:02:28,273 as a young man, surviving was easy. 25 00:02:28,357 --> 00:02:31,526 The only thing you'd have to really look out for was the police, you know. 26 00:02:31,610 --> 00:02:34,529 Because the police could always get you, frame you, 27 00:02:34,613 --> 00:02:36,198 you go to prison, and... 28 00:02:36,740 --> 00:02:38,492 because you come from Trenchtown. 29 00:02:38,909 --> 00:02:39,951 You know, Trenchtown… 30 00:02:40,035 --> 00:02:43,413 Some of them say, "Where are you from?" You say, "Trenchtown," you're gone. 31 00:02:43,497 --> 00:02:46,083 ["No Woman, No Cry" by Bob Marley playing] 32 00:02:47,334 --> 00:02:49,378 [guitar solo] 33 00:02:50,212 --> 00:02:53,215 [man] The first time we met in Trenchtown, 34 00:02:53,298 --> 00:02:55,842 Bob was around 17. 35 00:02:56,301 --> 00:02:59,054 We don't have no instruments when we start. 36 00:02:59,596 --> 00:03:01,765 We'd just sit down and sing. 37 00:03:01,848 --> 00:03:06,436 ♪ Sit, I remember when we used to sit ♪ 38 00:03:07,979 --> 00:03:11,608 ♪ In the government yard in Trenchtown ♪ 39 00:03:12,442 --> 00:03:16,488 Bob lived in a government yard in Trenchtown 40 00:03:16,571 --> 00:03:19,741 when we had the troubles in the '60s, 41 00:03:20,283 --> 00:03:23,495 where we have a considerable amount of violence 42 00:03:23,829 --> 00:03:26,039 in these inner city communities. 43 00:03:27,124 --> 00:03:29,459 [man] Bob had been rejected by his family. 44 00:03:29,543 --> 00:03:31,628 He was totally broke and he had nowhere to live. 45 00:03:31,712 --> 00:03:33,755 So, Coxsone Dodd gave him a place to stay. 46 00:03:34,339 --> 00:03:37,467 Coxsone was like a father to Bob. And he gave him a chance to sing... 47 00:03:38,051 --> 00:03:41,847 But Coxsone was not gonna allow him to play any revolutionary religious music. 48 00:03:41,930 --> 00:03:44,182 He just had to sing the pop songs and get hits. 49 00:03:45,267 --> 00:03:47,769 When Bob started out, he was doing simple pop songs 50 00:03:47,853 --> 00:03:50,147 like "Sugar, Sugar" and "What's New, Pussycat?" 51 00:03:50,689 --> 00:03:52,482 He was just trying to make it in music. 52 00:03:55,193 --> 00:03:57,446 ["Get Up, Stand Up" by Bob Marley playing] 53 00:04:00,282 --> 00:04:02,367 [Wayne Jobson] In the early days of his music 54 00:04:02,451 --> 00:04:04,161 was love songs and all of that. 55 00:04:05,036 --> 00:04:08,206 As his music evolved through ska into reggae, 56 00:04:08,290 --> 00:04:10,333 he embraced the message of Rasta. 57 00:04:14,629 --> 00:04:17,632 [man 2] Rastafari is a religious and social movement 58 00:04:17,716 --> 00:04:19,676 that articulated the feelings 59 00:04:19,760 --> 00:04:22,095 of oppressed black people of Jamaica, 60 00:04:22,179 --> 00:04:23,638 but hooked in as well 61 00:04:23,722 --> 00:04:27,392 to the ideas of African liberation. 62 00:04:27,976 --> 00:04:29,728 [man 3] Rasta consciousness was about 63 00:04:29,811 --> 00:04:31,438 who you are as an African. 64 00:04:32,689 --> 00:04:34,524 What is your purpose here, 65 00:04:35,567 --> 00:04:36,567 as a black man? 66 00:04:37,527 --> 00:04:39,196 [woman 1] They were outcasts, 67 00:04:39,279 --> 00:04:41,319 and the police would come down hard on these people. 68 00:04:41,364 --> 00:04:44,409 Trim their hair, beat them up, lock them up for smoking a spliff. 69 00:04:45,327 --> 00:04:47,496 [woman 2] Rasta was never accepted 70 00:04:47,704 --> 00:04:50,081 by the middle class powers that be. 71 00:04:50,165 --> 00:04:52,959 It was a religion of the poor people. 72 00:04:53,043 --> 00:04:55,462 Fighting against Babylon, 73 00:04:55,545 --> 00:04:58,840 the system where the few control the many. 74 00:05:00,926 --> 00:05:05,180 [woman 3] Bob saw the contempt the poor were held 75 00:05:05,347 --> 00:05:07,641 and he wanted them to have the courage 76 00:05:08,558 --> 00:05:09,476 from his music 77 00:05:09,559 --> 00:05:10,894 to continue to fight. 78 00:05:12,395 --> 00:05:13,855 ♪ Get up, stand up ♪ 79 00:05:15,273 --> 00:05:17,067 ♪ Don't give up the fight ♪ 80 00:05:17,150 --> 00:05:18,151 Come on! 81 00:05:18,235 --> 00:05:19,569 ♪ Get up, stand up ♪ 82 00:05:21,196 --> 00:05:22,989 ♪ Stand up for your right ♪ 83 00:05:25,867 --> 00:05:28,620 [Bob] My father's a white and my mother black. 84 00:05:28,703 --> 00:05:31,790 You know, them call me half-caste or whatever. 85 00:05:32,541 --> 00:05:35,752 Well, me don't dip on nobody's side. 86 00:05:36,253 --> 00:05:38,880 Me don't dip on the black man's side nor the white man's side. 87 00:05:39,130 --> 00:05:40,507 Me dip on God's side. 88 00:05:42,259 --> 00:05:45,887 [man] He said to me one day, "The man that breed my mother 89 00:05:45,971 --> 00:05:47,138 was a white man, 90 00:05:47,222 --> 00:05:50,767 so you cannot really put me down as white or as black. 91 00:05:50,851 --> 00:05:54,729 So I am here. And I have to bring about unity." 92 00:05:56,606 --> 00:05:59,109 [man in crowd] Power for the people! Come on, people! 93 00:05:59,192 --> 00:06:00,610 Power for the people! 94 00:06:00,694 --> 00:06:04,114 [male reporter] Michael Manley has been Prime Minister since 1972 95 00:06:04,281 --> 00:06:07,534 and says 300 years of slavery and British colonialism 96 00:06:07,742 --> 00:06:10,453 have left Jamaica a nation of very few haves 97 00:06:10,537 --> 00:06:11,830 and many have-nots. 98 00:06:12,247 --> 00:06:15,542 [man] Jamaica permitted a small, privileged group... 99 00:06:16,001 --> 00:06:19,504 to really have a very good time in life. 100 00:06:20,213 --> 00:06:23,383 And some government had to come along 101 00:06:23,466 --> 00:06:25,135 and challenge that oligarchy 102 00:06:25,218 --> 00:06:27,345 and begin to try to lay the foundations 103 00:06:27,429 --> 00:06:29,014 of an egalitarian society. 104 00:06:31,099 --> 00:06:33,435 [male reporter 2] The choice for the voters is clear cut. 105 00:06:33,518 --> 00:06:35,687 On one hand, they may choose to continue 106 00:06:35,770 --> 00:06:38,523 with Prime Minister Michael Manley's brand of socialism. 107 00:06:39,274 --> 00:06:43,361 On the other hand, they may vote for a return to a capitalist system. 108 00:06:44,738 --> 00:06:46,990 [male reporter 2] In this motorcade is Edward Seaga, 109 00:06:47,073 --> 00:06:49,242 leader of the conservative opposition party. 110 00:06:49,868 --> 00:06:51,912 We see the PNP linking arms 111 00:06:51,995 --> 00:06:55,081 with Communist organizations in this country. 112 00:06:55,665 --> 00:06:57,125 And we ask of ourselves why. 113 00:06:57,208 --> 00:06:58,752 [crowd cheers] 114 00:06:58,835 --> 00:07:01,171 [man 1] The country was already facing bankruptcy. 115 00:07:01,254 --> 00:07:03,381 And if Manley won the election, 116 00:07:03,465 --> 00:07:06,176 it could make Jamaica into a totally socialist state. 117 00:07:06,509 --> 00:07:07,636 So, I had to fight it. 118 00:07:10,555 --> 00:07:14,267 [female reporter] This road block, erected by Seaga's Jamaica Labor Party, 119 00:07:14,351 --> 00:07:16,811 is being dismantled by rival Hugh Small 120 00:07:16,895 --> 00:07:19,356 for Michael Manley's People's National Party. 121 00:07:20,231 --> 00:07:22,901 [man 2] Coming up to the 1976 election, 122 00:07:22,984 --> 00:07:25,904 the country was getting more and more into... 123 00:07:26,404 --> 00:07:28,406 a state of hostility and tension. 124 00:07:29,741 --> 00:07:31,826 [Wayne Jobson] In Kingston, the two political parties 125 00:07:31,910 --> 00:07:33,411 developed what you call "garrisons." 126 00:07:34,454 --> 00:07:35,622 Trenchtown was a garrison, 127 00:07:35,956 --> 00:07:36,956 Tivoli was a garrison. 128 00:07:37,290 --> 00:07:38,500 And there would be a Don 129 00:07:38,583 --> 00:07:40,210 that would control the garrisons. 130 00:07:40,460 --> 00:07:42,796 So, these guys were the baddest gangsters in their area 131 00:07:43,338 --> 00:07:44,778 and everybody had to answer to them. 132 00:07:45,924 --> 00:07:48,843 [crowd] Socialism, yes! Fascism, no! 133 00:07:48,927 --> 00:07:51,554 The name Don comes from Don Corleone, 134 00:07:51,638 --> 00:07:52,681 it comes from the Mafia. 135 00:07:53,223 --> 00:07:55,475 [Diane Jobson] Spaghetti Westerns and gangster movies 136 00:07:55,558 --> 00:07:57,644 had a great influence on Jamaica. 137 00:07:58,353 --> 00:08:00,480 We got to thank the US culture for that. 138 00:08:00,897 --> 00:08:03,024 You gave us our cowboy culture! 139 00:08:04,234 --> 00:08:06,611 We just did a Jamaican version. 140 00:08:09,948 --> 00:08:12,575 [woman] I spent ten years in Jamaica 141 00:08:12,659 --> 00:08:14,786 trying to piece together 142 00:08:14,869 --> 00:08:17,288 the history of this tribal war. 143 00:08:18,373 --> 00:08:22,836 Kingston was a checkerboard of war zones loyal to one party or the other. 144 00:08:22,919 --> 00:08:24,921 The politicians needed the gangsters 145 00:08:25,005 --> 00:08:26,172 to get out the vote 146 00:08:26,256 --> 00:08:28,466 and the gangsters needed the politicians 147 00:08:28,550 --> 00:08:30,301 for protection from the police, 148 00:08:30,510 --> 00:08:32,053 and for money, and for guns. 149 00:08:32,137 --> 00:08:34,055 [male reporter] In the lead-up to the elections, 150 00:08:34,139 --> 00:08:37,058 ghetto gangs translated the campaign battle of words 151 00:08:37,142 --> 00:08:39,394 into deadly armed showdowns. 152 00:08:39,477 --> 00:08:40,477 [gunshot] 153 00:08:43,314 --> 00:08:46,234 [Bob] When you have political violence and I see... 154 00:08:46,735 --> 00:08:48,695 the youth fighting against the youth 155 00:08:49,237 --> 00:08:50,739 for the politicians, 156 00:08:51,156 --> 00:08:52,741 you know, I really feel sick. 157 00:08:54,117 --> 00:08:56,661 "Johnny Was" is a statement about what was happening 158 00:08:56,745 --> 00:08:58,121 in the ghettos at the time. 159 00:08:59,581 --> 00:09:03,918 ♪ Woman hold her head and cry ♪ 160 00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:10,383 ♪ 'Cause her son had been shot down ♪ 161 00:09:10,467 --> 00:09:13,511 ♪ In the street and died ♪ 162 00:09:14,804 --> 00:09:17,015 [man] Rasta never support politics. 163 00:09:17,098 --> 00:09:22,020 If politician was doing the right thing, Jamaica would be more than paradise. 164 00:09:26,107 --> 00:09:28,318 ["Rebel Disco" by Brentford Disco Set playing] 165 00:09:33,823 --> 00:09:37,619 [Laurie Gunst] By 1976, Marley had a worldwide profile. 166 00:09:37,702 --> 00:09:40,205 Everybody knew Rasta, everybody knew Reggae, 167 00:09:40,288 --> 00:09:41,706 and everybody knew Bob. 168 00:09:42,290 --> 00:09:46,628 So, for Bob to be seen as politically engaged 169 00:09:46,711 --> 00:09:48,463 was very important 170 00:09:48,922 --> 00:09:50,298 to the two political parties. 171 00:09:50,381 --> 00:09:52,050 They courted him, they wanted him. 172 00:09:52,467 --> 00:09:54,886 Bob knew there was a lot of danger 173 00:09:54,969 --> 00:09:56,679 in pursuing that path. 174 00:09:57,889 --> 00:10:01,184 [man 1] Bob was very careful to be political neutral. 175 00:10:01,684 --> 00:10:05,480 You could not accuse Bob Marley of being either a JLP or a PNP. 176 00:10:05,563 --> 00:10:06,689 But he was political. 177 00:10:06,773 --> 00:10:09,692 [announcer] Bob Marley and the fabulous Wailers! 178 00:10:10,276 --> 00:10:11,319 ♪ Trenchtown Rock ♪ 179 00:10:11,402 --> 00:10:13,154 ♪ Don't call no cop ♪ 180 00:10:13,238 --> 00:10:14,072 ♪ Trenchtown Rock ♪ 181 00:10:14,155 --> 00:10:15,990 ♪ We can trash things ourselves ♪ 182 00:10:16,991 --> 00:10:20,703 [man 2] I do see Trenchtown Rock as a kind of anthem for young people 183 00:10:20,787 --> 00:10:25,708 that are asserting their independence of the political system. 184 00:10:25,792 --> 00:10:29,754 In a sense, it is the first statement that Bob was making 185 00:10:29,838 --> 00:10:33,091 where he's going to walk between the two political parties. 186 00:10:35,927 --> 00:10:39,472 [Roger Steffens] As he grew up, Bob was surrounded by local Dons. 187 00:10:39,556 --> 00:10:43,393 And they all found a neutral turf 188 00:10:43,685 --> 00:10:45,687 at 56 Hope Road. 189 00:10:46,187 --> 00:10:48,356 And various times you could go in there 190 00:10:48,439 --> 00:10:50,608 and you could find people who, 191 00:10:50,692 --> 00:10:52,152 if they had met on the street, 192 00:10:52,235 --> 00:10:54,737 might've blown each other away. 193 00:10:55,155 --> 00:10:58,074 But Bob's place was known as a neutral spot 194 00:10:58,616 --> 00:11:00,743 where everyone could come in peace. 195 00:11:01,911 --> 00:11:04,038 [woman] Bob's house was on the same street 196 00:11:04,122 --> 00:11:05,456 as the Prime Minister, 197 00:11:05,540 --> 00:11:07,500 and I was teasing him about it 198 00:11:07,584 --> 00:11:10,044 because his whole image was roots and downtown. 199 00:11:10,128 --> 00:11:12,213 I said, "Oh, you're getting posh now!" 200 00:11:12,297 --> 00:11:13,381 And he was like, 201 00:11:13,923 --> 00:11:16,342 "No, I'm bringing the ghetto uptown." 202 00:11:18,344 --> 00:11:20,388 [Diane Jobson] I first met Bob at 56 Hope Road. 203 00:11:20,722 --> 00:11:23,224 And then I became his attorney... 204 00:11:24,058 --> 00:11:25,058 you know, confidant. 205 00:11:25,810 --> 00:11:27,687 Bob was a pied piper, you could say, 206 00:11:27,770 --> 00:11:30,231 and 56 Hope Road was an exciting place to be. 207 00:11:31,274 --> 00:11:33,318 [man] Bob had a recording studio in the back 208 00:11:33,401 --> 00:11:35,111 and that's where they did their rehearsals. 209 00:11:36,946 --> 00:11:43,369 [Michael Witter] It was a center of modern Rastafari-inspired pop culture. 210 00:11:44,746 --> 00:11:47,207 [woman] I was living at 56 Hope Road, 211 00:11:47,290 --> 00:11:49,459 and that movement of Rastafari, 212 00:11:49,542 --> 00:11:53,338 that upsurgence of downtown making its way uptown... 213 00:11:54,088 --> 00:11:56,382 had started and was growing rapidly, 214 00:11:56,466 --> 00:11:59,093 and the upper middle classes were petrified of it. 215 00:12:00,220 --> 00:12:02,055 People would line up in the morning. 216 00:12:02,305 --> 00:12:04,766 Everybody needed help with school fees, 217 00:12:04,933 --> 00:12:06,768 a job, medicine... 218 00:12:07,894 --> 00:12:10,897 [Michael Witter] He wanted to help people be independent 219 00:12:10,980 --> 00:12:13,316 of the hand-outs of politicians. 220 00:12:14,442 --> 00:12:16,110 [Alvin Patterson] I was a Rasta man. 221 00:12:16,569 --> 00:12:18,529 We don't like politicians much. 222 00:12:19,405 --> 00:12:22,575 PNP and Labourite. We didn't like that. 223 00:12:25,161 --> 00:12:28,414 [Roger Steffens] At Hope Road, there was a certain tension that existed 224 00:12:28,498 --> 00:12:31,501 because of murderous rivals 225 00:12:31,584 --> 00:12:34,128 being in the same space at the same time. 226 00:12:34,879 --> 00:12:36,923 [sirens wailing] 227 00:12:37,006 --> 00:12:38,716 [women screaming] 228 00:12:40,635 --> 00:12:43,763 [Michael Manley] We have witnessed a type and scale of violence 229 00:12:44,264 --> 00:12:45,723 unique to our history. 230 00:12:46,641 --> 00:12:48,893 We have seen children being armed. 231 00:12:49,769 --> 00:12:51,562 We have seen innocent people 232 00:12:51,854 --> 00:12:53,106 murdered in the streets, 233 00:12:54,148 --> 00:12:56,192 which has driven fear into the heart 234 00:12:56,276 --> 00:12:58,528 of every decent Jamaican citizen. 235 00:12:59,404 --> 00:13:01,948 We will not stand by 236 00:13:02,532 --> 00:13:06,619 and allow this sabotage of our country to continue. 237 00:13:07,370 --> 00:13:11,124 We are proclaiming a state of public emergency. 238 00:13:14,836 --> 00:13:17,046 [man] In that time, the country was in a turmoil, 239 00:13:17,130 --> 00:13:18,423 and Bob's statements to me were, 240 00:13:18,506 --> 00:13:22,260 "Let's do something for free so everybody can come." 241 00:13:22,343 --> 00:13:25,430 So, we went to see the Prime Minister and gave him our idea. 242 00:13:25,513 --> 00:13:29,017 [male reporter] Bob Marley concert to be held on Sunday, December 5th. 243 00:13:29,100 --> 00:13:31,728 The announcement was made at a press conference held by Marley, 244 00:13:31,811 --> 00:13:34,314 his manager Don Taylor, and Arnold Bertram. 245 00:13:35,064 --> 00:13:39,068 [man 1] I was Minister of State when Bob Marley came 246 00:13:39,152 --> 00:13:40,445 to discuss the concert. 247 00:13:40,528 --> 00:13:42,989 He wanted to do a benefit concert 248 00:13:43,072 --> 00:13:44,324 for the people of Jamaica, 249 00:13:44,782 --> 00:13:47,744 to give them an early Christmas present. 250 00:13:48,161 --> 00:13:51,164 [Jeff Walker] None of us interpreted it as a political endorsement. 251 00:13:51,247 --> 00:13:53,833 The election had not been announced at that point. 252 00:13:53,916 --> 00:13:55,251 It was never meant to be 253 00:13:55,335 --> 00:13:57,503 in support of Manley or a particular party. 254 00:13:58,254 --> 00:14:00,173 [Paul Burke] Bob Marley was doing the concert 255 00:14:00,256 --> 00:14:01,716 to try and bring back 256 00:14:01,799 --> 00:14:04,510 a semblance of peace and unity. 257 00:14:04,969 --> 00:14:06,890 [reporter] Two weeks following that announcement, 258 00:14:06,929 --> 00:14:08,931 Jamaica's Prime Minister, Michael Manley, 259 00:14:09,015 --> 00:14:12,018 called new general elections for December 15th. 260 00:14:12,352 --> 00:14:15,563 [Nancy Burke] When Bob agreed to do the show, there was no election date. 261 00:14:15,646 --> 00:14:16,773 As soon as Bob agreed, 262 00:14:16,856 --> 00:14:20,401 then the PNP announced the election day to follow the show. 263 00:14:20,485 --> 00:14:22,570 So, they wrapped their election right around Bob 264 00:14:22,653 --> 00:14:25,031 to make it look as though he was performing for them. 265 00:14:25,615 --> 00:14:28,993 [Arnold Bertram] That made the Smile Jamaica Concert 266 00:14:29,077 --> 00:14:32,288 appear to be supporting the campaign 267 00:14:32,372 --> 00:14:33,748 of the People's National Party. 268 00:14:34,540 --> 00:14:39,921 [Edward Seaga] Michael Manley used Bob Marley's decision for that concert, 269 00:14:40,421 --> 00:14:42,673 so that it would assist him to get the votes 270 00:14:42,965 --> 00:14:44,926 that he knew he was lacking at the time 271 00:14:45,259 --> 00:14:46,594 in order to win the election. 272 00:14:47,762 --> 00:14:50,264 We wouldn't have used Bob Marley for that purpose 273 00:14:50,556 --> 00:14:53,518 because we knew Bob has to be a friend of everybody. 274 00:14:53,976 --> 00:14:56,663 [Arnold Bertram] There was a hell of amount of pressure on Bob Marley 275 00:14:56,687 --> 00:14:58,064 not to do the concert. 276 00:14:58,147 --> 00:15:00,274 He said there were people from the JLP 277 00:15:00,358 --> 00:15:01,734 who were at him daily. 278 00:15:02,777 --> 00:15:06,280 [Roger Steffens] Once Bob announced the Smile Jamaica Concert, 279 00:15:06,364 --> 00:15:08,116 he came under death threats, 280 00:15:08,616 --> 00:15:11,577 and he was placed under 24/7 guard 281 00:15:11,661 --> 00:15:14,330 by forces of the PNP. 282 00:15:14,414 --> 00:15:16,517 [Don] We started getting messages from the opposition. 283 00:15:16,541 --> 00:15:18,501 They didn't want it held at Jamaica House 284 00:15:18,584 --> 00:15:20,687 and they didn't want it held here, they didn't want... 285 00:15:20,711 --> 00:15:23,131 And then finally, on Friday, December 3, 286 00:15:23,214 --> 00:15:26,008 I got a message saying that they didn't want a concert, period. 287 00:15:28,261 --> 00:15:30,263 [crickets chirping] 288 00:15:30,680 --> 00:15:32,849 [Vivien Goldman] One morning I woke up very early, 289 00:15:32,932 --> 00:15:34,475 and I looked out of the window. 290 00:15:34,892 --> 00:15:39,981 I saw Bob and these three men around him. 291 00:15:40,231 --> 00:15:42,483 There was a menacing aura to it, 292 00:15:42,567 --> 00:15:44,277 and Bob was sort of defiant 293 00:15:44,360 --> 00:15:46,154 and taking a tough stance, 294 00:15:46,237 --> 00:15:48,739 but at the same time, arguing with the men. 295 00:15:49,532 --> 00:15:51,284 These people would come around the house 296 00:15:51,367 --> 00:15:54,287 to shake him down, and menace him, and bully him. 297 00:15:55,246 --> 00:15:57,373 And I remember asking him about it. 298 00:16:00,543 --> 00:16:02,336 [Bob] Jamaica's one of the best places, man. 299 00:16:02,420 --> 00:16:05,173 Everybody love everybody. But them will kill you too. 300 00:16:05,506 --> 00:16:07,842 Them love you so much that them kill you. 301 00:16:07,925 --> 00:16:09,510 Yeah. Yes, man. 302 00:16:09,594 --> 00:16:11,235 Them love you so much that them kill you. 303 00:16:11,262 --> 00:16:12,763 [Vivien Goldman] Well, elaborate... 304 00:16:12,847 --> 00:16:14,390 [overlapping chatter] 305 00:16:14,474 --> 00:16:15,892 You mean, like, you know... 306 00:16:15,975 --> 00:16:18,186 [Bob] Them love you so much that them kill you, man. 307 00:16:18,561 --> 00:16:21,147 Love you plenty, and will kill you. 308 00:16:21,814 --> 00:16:25,026 [Vivien] Like in the words of your song, "You always hurt the one you love, 309 00:16:25,109 --> 00:16:26,861 the one you never meant to hurt at all"? 310 00:16:27,612 --> 00:16:29,197 [Vivien Goldman] I was so naive. 311 00:16:29,822 --> 00:16:32,617 When I listened to that tape, it sent a shiver down my spine 312 00:16:32,700 --> 00:16:34,494 because Bob is literally saying, 313 00:16:34,952 --> 00:16:36,621 "They're about to try and kill me." 314 00:16:39,373 --> 00:16:42,627 [Diane] A couple days before, Bob told us of this vision that he had... 315 00:16:43,920 --> 00:16:45,213 where he was at Hope Road, 316 00:16:45,296 --> 00:16:48,132 and there were, like, soldiers shooting and guns, 317 00:16:48,591 --> 00:16:50,151 and he knew that they came to kill him. 318 00:16:51,344 --> 00:16:52,553 But he said somehow 319 00:16:53,179 --> 00:16:55,556 Jah just took him out of it mystically. 320 00:16:57,141 --> 00:17:00,353 His exact words, Jah just took him out of the whole thing mystically. 321 00:17:05,525 --> 00:17:07,485 [Ras Gilly] Something about that night is like... 322 00:17:08,694 --> 00:17:10,780 I just didn't feel too good, you know. 323 00:17:11,447 --> 00:17:14,575 It was like something in the air. 324 00:17:15,701 --> 00:17:18,371 [Nancy Burke] At about 9:00 p.m., 325 00:17:18,454 --> 00:17:20,581 I got to the front gates and they were closed. 326 00:17:21,123 --> 00:17:22,500 There was nobody around. 327 00:17:22,583 --> 00:17:23,626 It was really dark. 328 00:17:24,585 --> 00:17:25,836 As I was walking across, 329 00:17:25,920 --> 00:17:28,714 I just got this chill up my spine, 330 00:17:28,798 --> 00:17:29,840 like a shudder. 331 00:17:30,675 --> 00:17:33,302 And I just had a moment of total fear. 332 00:17:34,053 --> 00:17:36,097 And then I had to talk to myself and say, 333 00:17:36,180 --> 00:17:37,661 "No, there's nothing to be afraid of. 334 00:17:37,723 --> 00:17:40,351 The house is full of Rastamen and there's nothing to fear." 335 00:17:41,978 --> 00:17:43,619 [Diane Jobson] Rehearsal had just stopped 336 00:17:43,646 --> 00:17:46,274 and I was in the bedroom with Bob's son, Robbie. 337 00:17:47,984 --> 00:17:49,068 He was only six years old. 338 00:17:49,652 --> 00:17:52,154 [Ras Gilly] The one shot a man, like a Two-Gun Kid. 339 00:17:53,197 --> 00:17:54,237 They come through the door 340 00:17:54,282 --> 00:17:56,200 and just turn the gun in the rehearsal room. 341 00:17:56,492 --> 00:17:58,703 - [gunfire] - Pow, pow, pow. 342 00:17:59,620 --> 00:18:01,831 [Alvin Patterson] Four of them come in and... 343 00:18:01,914 --> 00:18:03,332 fire shots, man. 344 00:18:03,541 --> 00:18:06,210 When you expect the shots to stop, 345 00:18:06,502 --> 00:18:07,420 they were continuing. 346 00:18:07,503 --> 00:18:08,879 [gunshots] 347 00:18:08,963 --> 00:18:10,339 Firing from outside. 348 00:18:10,881 --> 00:18:12,216 Through the windows. 349 00:18:12,842 --> 00:18:15,761 I lie down on the ground and them run. 350 00:18:15,845 --> 00:18:17,179 Some people couldn't run, 351 00:18:17,346 --> 00:18:18,598 they got stuck inside. 352 00:18:21,058 --> 00:18:23,120 [Nancy Burke] We were trapped in this very small room 353 00:18:23,144 --> 00:18:24,478 and there was no getting out, 354 00:18:24,562 --> 00:18:26,731 because you could tell it was just outside the room. 355 00:18:27,064 --> 00:18:28,899 I thought they would just turn around 356 00:18:28,983 --> 00:18:30,484 and come in and shoot us. 357 00:18:32,278 --> 00:18:34,655 When the shooting stopped, there was just silence. 358 00:18:35,281 --> 00:18:37,617 Really eerie, total silence. 359 00:18:37,700 --> 00:18:39,076 So, we had no way of knowing 360 00:18:39,160 --> 00:18:41,078 whether these people were still around, 361 00:18:41,329 --> 00:18:42,788 whether everyone was... 362 00:18:44,332 --> 00:18:45,333 gone. We didn't know. 363 00:18:46,334 --> 00:18:48,210 The first sound we heard was Seeco, 364 00:18:48,294 --> 00:18:50,630 who called out everybody in the house dead. 365 00:18:52,757 --> 00:18:55,551 I said,"I'm going out. I'm going to see what's happening." 366 00:18:56,135 --> 00:18:58,262 I saw Bob's wife. We took her along quickly. 367 00:18:58,763 --> 00:19:01,766 She had blood running all down the side of her head. 368 00:19:02,141 --> 00:19:03,768 But I said, "What happened to Bob?" 369 00:19:03,851 --> 00:19:06,312 So, I ran up the steps to the kitchen, 370 00:19:06,854 --> 00:19:08,105 and shouted "Bob!" 371 00:19:09,732 --> 00:19:11,108 There was blood on the ground. 372 00:19:12,026 --> 00:19:14,945 So I went around the corner and there was Don Taylor lying down... 373 00:19:15,363 --> 00:19:16,363 in a pool of blood. 374 00:19:17,198 --> 00:19:18,449 And then I saw Bob. 375 00:19:18,532 --> 00:19:21,285 He had blood all over him. 376 00:19:22,828 --> 00:19:24,622 So I said, "Are you shot?" 377 00:19:25,539 --> 00:19:27,249 He said, "That's Don Taylor's blood." 378 00:19:29,585 --> 00:19:31,585 [Nancy Burke] I saw Bob walking out with the police 379 00:19:31,629 --> 00:19:33,047 and he was holding his arm, 380 00:19:33,506 --> 00:19:35,216 and he was really angry. 381 00:19:35,716 --> 00:19:38,427 And they escorted him to their car and they took him away. 382 00:19:39,345 --> 00:19:42,556 Don Taylor came in minutes before the gunmen. 383 00:19:42,640 --> 00:19:44,767 So when the gunmen came up the steps 384 00:19:44,850 --> 00:19:46,602 and turned to shoot, 385 00:19:46,686 --> 00:19:48,729 Don was between them and Bob. 386 00:19:49,230 --> 00:19:51,524 That's why Don got all the shots in his back. 387 00:19:51,732 --> 00:19:54,485 What seemed to have happened is Bob turned sideways, 388 00:19:55,319 --> 00:19:58,906 so he didn't give a full target to the gunmen. 389 00:19:59,198 --> 00:20:00,825 That's why the bullet went this way 390 00:20:00,908 --> 00:20:04,370 and grazed right across his chest and lodged in his arm. 391 00:20:05,454 --> 00:20:07,123 [Nancy Burke] He already was forewarned, 392 00:20:07,206 --> 00:20:08,332 if you want to say. 393 00:20:08,416 --> 00:20:10,584 Maybe because he had a premonition about it, 394 00:20:10,668 --> 00:20:12,795 he was quick to react. 395 00:20:13,379 --> 00:20:15,089 [monitors beeping] 396 00:20:15,172 --> 00:20:18,008 [male reporter] Mr. Taylor is said to be in a critical position, 397 00:20:18,592 --> 00:20:22,221 while the condition of Rita is not yet known. 398 00:20:24,724 --> 00:20:27,685 [Vivien Goldman] Why? I just cannot conceive 399 00:20:27,768 --> 00:20:30,312 that anybody would want to hurt Bob, 400 00:20:30,730 --> 00:20:33,149 because he was so much a symbol of peace 401 00:20:33,482 --> 00:20:35,484 and so much the hope of the island! 402 00:20:35,943 --> 00:20:37,945 [plane whooshing] 403 00:20:39,655 --> 00:20:41,456 [Roger Steffens] On the day of Bob's shooting, 404 00:20:41,532 --> 00:20:44,118 a crew from America that had been hired to film 405 00:20:44,201 --> 00:20:47,204 the Smile Jamaica Concert arrived on the island. 406 00:20:48,789 --> 00:20:50,389 [Carl Colby] I was a part of that group. 407 00:20:50,416 --> 00:20:53,377 "Gonna be fun, shooting a concert. It's Bob Marley! What could go wrong?" 408 00:20:54,003 --> 00:20:55,880 And we get to the hotel and we find out 409 00:20:55,963 --> 00:20:57,173 that Bob Marley's been shot. 410 00:20:59,175 --> 00:21:02,511 [Jeff Walker] We all jumped into a car to head over to Hope Road. 411 00:21:02,595 --> 00:21:04,972 We got there just as Rita was being put into a car 412 00:21:05,055 --> 00:21:06,599 and taken to the hospital. 413 00:21:06,974 --> 00:21:08,517 There was blood everywhere. 414 00:21:09,143 --> 00:21:11,604 It looked like it had been sprayed with bullets. 415 00:21:13,022 --> 00:21:15,399 [Nancy Burke] In the aftermath, everybody had a theory. 416 00:21:15,858 --> 00:21:18,778 Some said it was the opposition, some said it was the CIA. 417 00:21:18,861 --> 00:21:21,655 Some said it was to do with some jockey. 418 00:21:22,364 --> 00:21:24,533 Doping, abduction... God knows what. 419 00:21:26,494 --> 00:21:28,054 [Roger Steffens] The immediate theories 420 00:21:28,078 --> 00:21:30,164 had to do with gambling debts and gangsters... 421 00:21:31,207 --> 00:21:32,666 Bob Marley's best friend 422 00:21:32,750 --> 00:21:34,960 was the great Jamaican soccer player, 423 00:21:35,461 --> 00:21:36,461 Skill Cole. 424 00:21:36,670 --> 00:21:39,673 And he was accused of fixing a horse race 425 00:21:39,882 --> 00:21:41,967 and burning some people 426 00:21:42,051 --> 00:21:43,302 for a huge amount of money. 427 00:21:43,636 --> 00:21:44,637 And he fled the country. 428 00:21:45,262 --> 00:21:47,932 [Ras Gilly] Other guys and people around us 429 00:21:48,432 --> 00:21:50,309 were involved with the race horse business, 430 00:21:50,392 --> 00:21:52,895 but Bob was not a race horse man. 431 00:21:53,604 --> 00:21:55,231 Bob was all about his music. 432 00:21:56,273 --> 00:21:58,400 [Roger Steffens] It was said that Bob was paying off 433 00:21:58,484 --> 00:22:00,069 Skill Cole's debts, but... 434 00:22:00,402 --> 00:22:01,737 that he had missed a payment 435 00:22:01,821 --> 00:22:03,989 and that was the reason for the shooting. 436 00:22:04,532 --> 00:22:06,408 But if you kill Bob, 437 00:22:06,492 --> 00:22:08,052 then you're never gonna get your money. 438 00:22:09,286 --> 00:22:12,373 Another theory was that in the days prior to the shooting, 439 00:22:12,456 --> 00:22:16,210 Bob was being guarded by people from the PNP, 440 00:22:16,460 --> 00:22:19,046 and on the night of the assassination attempt, 441 00:22:19,129 --> 00:22:21,882 they just disappeared from their posts 442 00:22:22,424 --> 00:22:24,009 and left the home unguarded. 443 00:22:24,760 --> 00:22:27,346 [Ras Gilly] Protective forces were assigned 444 00:22:27,429 --> 00:22:30,224 to be at the rehearsals at night. 445 00:22:30,558 --> 00:22:33,060 Every night, every fucking night in the rehearsal. 446 00:22:33,602 --> 00:22:34,602 Except that night. 447 00:22:34,895 --> 00:22:36,480 Why didn't they show up for that night? 448 00:22:36,939 --> 00:22:39,024 They showed up after the shooting. 449 00:22:39,817 --> 00:22:42,444 [Roger Steffens] Were the PNP complicit 450 00:22:42,528 --> 00:22:44,446 in the assassination attempt? 451 00:22:45,072 --> 00:22:46,907 [woman] In politics, sometimes 452 00:22:47,241 --> 00:22:50,244 a political party or faction 453 00:22:50,327 --> 00:22:53,497 will do something against themselves 454 00:22:53,581 --> 00:22:56,709 to make it look as though the other side did it. 455 00:22:57,418 --> 00:22:59,420 [crowd cheering] 456 00:23:01,171 --> 00:23:02,339 [Edward Seaga] It wasn't us. 457 00:23:02,423 --> 00:23:05,718 [interviewer] So the JLP had absolutely nothing to do with this? 458 00:23:05,801 --> 00:23:08,554 No, we were as surprised as anyone. 459 00:23:09,013 --> 00:23:12,349 We were glad that Bob wasn't really seriously injured. 460 00:23:14,059 --> 00:23:16,270 [Roger Steffens] In spite of the denial by Seaga, 461 00:23:16,353 --> 00:23:19,023 suspicions would linger about the JLP. 462 00:23:22,192 --> 00:23:24,069 [Jeff Walker] Don was in critical condition. 463 00:23:24,528 --> 00:23:27,197 It looked like Rita had only been grazed in the head, 464 00:23:27,281 --> 00:23:28,365 but it was a head wound. 465 00:23:29,283 --> 00:23:31,201 Bob had been treated and released. 466 00:23:32,286 --> 00:23:34,166 [male reporter] In an interview at the hospital, 467 00:23:34,204 --> 00:23:37,291 Bob Marley said he received numerous threats 468 00:23:37,374 --> 00:23:40,461 since the announcement of the Smile Jamaica Concert. 469 00:23:40,961 --> 00:23:42,762 [interviewer] Did you have any threats before? 470 00:23:42,838 --> 00:23:44,214 [Bob] Yeah. 471 00:23:45,174 --> 00:23:47,509 [interviewer] You know where these threats have come from? 472 00:23:47,593 --> 00:23:50,220 [Bob] Well, I don't feel I want to talk about that right now. 473 00:23:52,348 --> 00:23:54,228 [Diane Jobson] At the hospital, it was suggested 474 00:23:54,308 --> 00:23:56,685 that Bob could go up to Strawberry Hill, 475 00:23:56,936 --> 00:23:58,228 as that was fairly secluded. 476 00:24:00,356 --> 00:24:03,150 [Carl Colby] Jeff said, "Let's go up to Strawberry Hill and see Bob." 477 00:24:03,692 --> 00:24:05,319 I didn't want it to come as a surprise, 478 00:24:05,402 --> 00:24:08,113 so on the way up to Strawberry Hill, I decided to tell Jeff 479 00:24:08,197 --> 00:24:09,949 and a couple of the band members 480 00:24:10,032 --> 00:24:11,909 that my dad was the head of the CIA. 481 00:24:11,992 --> 00:24:14,954 [Jeff Walker] Now, that was an interesting revelation to all of us. 482 00:24:15,913 --> 00:24:18,666 [Carl Colby] Turned out the band members were the sons of ministers 483 00:24:18,749 --> 00:24:19,959 in the Jamaican government. 484 00:24:20,459 --> 00:24:23,462 And then I realized that we're all brothers in this generation. 485 00:24:24,004 --> 00:24:25,965 We don't want the old world anymore. 486 00:24:26,298 --> 00:24:28,133 We're struggling to get rid of the oppression. 487 00:24:28,676 --> 00:24:30,476 And that was the greatest appeal that Bob had. 488 00:24:31,595 --> 00:24:33,389 We came in to the property 489 00:24:33,472 --> 00:24:35,140 and a couple of Bob's guards 490 00:24:35,224 --> 00:24:37,768 jumped out of the trees bearing machetes. 491 00:24:38,310 --> 00:24:39,311 It was a tense atmosphere 492 00:24:39,395 --> 00:24:40,729 and he had been wounded. 493 00:24:40,813 --> 00:24:42,314 And he was moving very slowly, 494 00:24:43,148 --> 00:24:44,692 as if he was exhausted, 495 00:24:44,775 --> 00:24:46,860 like he was carrying this enormous burden. 496 00:24:48,278 --> 00:24:50,280 [Jeff Walker] The elder Rastas were telling him 497 00:24:50,364 --> 00:24:53,909 that this was a sign from Babylon and to perform was too dangerous. 498 00:24:54,451 --> 00:24:56,372 [Wayne Jobson] Bob did not want to do the concert 499 00:24:56,412 --> 00:24:58,247 because he knew that with 80,000 people there, 500 00:24:58,330 --> 00:25:00,131 anybody in the crowd can come up and kill you. 501 00:25:02,167 --> 00:25:05,963 [Ras Gilly] He was just chillin' up there. He had time to think, you know, 502 00:25:06,046 --> 00:25:08,882 to process, you know, whether to do the show or not. 503 00:25:09,883 --> 00:25:12,553 [Jeff Walker] There was a council meeting up at Strawberry Hill. 504 00:25:12,636 --> 00:25:15,014 There were maybe 50 people there: 505 00:25:15,097 --> 00:25:18,350 Rasta elders, Bob's wife, and the family. 506 00:25:19,143 --> 00:25:21,061 All of the people were against him going. 507 00:25:22,146 --> 00:25:23,706 [Carl Colby] Rita Marley was the leader 508 00:25:23,731 --> 00:25:25,451 of the pack that didn't want him to perform. 509 00:25:25,983 --> 00:25:28,360 [Diane Jobson] Rita had not so long come from the hospital, 510 00:25:28,610 --> 00:25:30,279 so she had her head bandaged, 511 00:25:30,362 --> 00:25:31,572 she had a scarf, 512 00:25:31,864 --> 00:25:33,615 but the bandage was under the scarf. 513 00:25:35,034 --> 00:25:38,037 [Jeff Walker] I really felt I had no choice but to get up and say, 514 00:25:38,120 --> 00:25:41,749 "Bob, if you don't play the concert, the people who shot you 515 00:25:41,832 --> 00:25:44,251 will have accomplished what they set out to do." 516 00:25:44,334 --> 00:25:45,502 Bob looked at me and said, 517 00:25:45,919 --> 00:25:48,255 "There's no way I'm going onstage without a machine gun." 518 00:25:48,714 --> 00:25:49,715 And I said, "Well, Bob, 519 00:25:49,798 --> 00:25:51,467 your guitar is your machine gun." 520 00:25:56,930 --> 00:25:59,516 [male reporter] Five hours after the concert was due to begin, 521 00:25:59,600 --> 00:26:02,186 the star, Bob Marley, is still not there. 522 00:26:03,062 --> 00:26:06,065 [Carl Colby] He's taking Rita's concerns for his safety into mind, 523 00:26:06,148 --> 00:26:08,067 but he's looking down across the hills 524 00:26:08,150 --> 00:26:10,736 and he can see the smoke and the dust 525 00:26:10,819 --> 00:26:12,279 rising from All Heroes Park. 526 00:26:18,702 --> 00:26:20,621 [Jeff Walker] And then, the Chief of Police 527 00:26:20,704 --> 00:26:22,623 and the Minister of Defense 528 00:26:22,706 --> 00:26:25,751 came up to assure Bob that if he played, it would be safe. 529 00:26:26,085 --> 00:26:29,005 [Diane] At that stage, we wouldn't know where the shooting is coming from. 530 00:26:29,046 --> 00:26:31,048 It could be the PNP as well as the JLP. 531 00:26:31,131 --> 00:26:32,800 So, the fact that a politician is there 532 00:26:32,883 --> 00:26:35,302 with a police escort don't make me feel too good 533 00:26:35,385 --> 00:26:36,595 about Bob leaving with them. 534 00:26:38,263 --> 00:26:40,599 [Carl Colby] Here was this tired man, who'd been shot at, 535 00:26:40,682 --> 00:26:41,934 a bullet lodged in his arm, 536 00:26:42,309 --> 00:26:44,561 and you can tell he's made a decision. 537 00:26:45,979 --> 00:26:47,564 [Alvin Patterson] Music got to play. 538 00:26:47,940 --> 00:26:49,733 You can't stop music, man! 539 00:26:49,942 --> 00:26:51,860 When good music is playing, 540 00:26:52,653 --> 00:26:53,862 you don't feel no pain. 541 00:26:54,947 --> 00:26:56,347 [man over radio] We're comin' down. 542 00:26:56,406 --> 00:26:59,118 Have the police and the cameras ready to show his arrival. 543 00:26:59,535 --> 00:27:01,135 [Jeff Walker] We were struck by the fact 544 00:27:01,161 --> 00:27:03,747 that there were people lining the road most of the way down. 545 00:27:03,831 --> 00:27:06,834 [Carl Colby] The atmosphere got like almost mayhem when you got there. 546 00:27:07,960 --> 00:27:10,212 [Jeff Walker] It grew from 5,000 to 90,000 people 547 00:27:10,295 --> 00:27:11,630 over the course of the day. 548 00:27:11,713 --> 00:27:13,882 So the park was a sea of people. 549 00:27:14,299 --> 00:27:17,553 When they realized Bob was there, the noise was unbelievable. 550 00:27:18,470 --> 00:27:21,223 [Alvin Patterson] That night was a dangerous night, man. 551 00:27:21,306 --> 00:27:23,475 Nobody wanted to go onstage. 552 00:27:23,559 --> 00:27:24,852 But you had to go! 553 00:27:25,602 --> 00:27:27,479 [Jeff Walker] And he got up and told the people 554 00:27:27,563 --> 00:27:29,523 that this concert was not supposed 555 00:27:29,606 --> 00:27:31,900 to be political in any way, shape, or form, 556 00:27:31,984 --> 00:27:34,361 but he wanted to come down and play one or two songs. 557 00:27:34,444 --> 00:27:36,446 He ended up performing for over an hour. 558 00:27:37,990 --> 00:27:40,534 [Bob] ♪ Well, everywhere is war! ♪ 559 00:27:42,911 --> 00:27:43,911 ♪ War! ♪ 560 00:27:46,248 --> 00:27:47,833 ♪ War in the east ♪ 561 00:27:49,751 --> 00:27:51,545 ♪ War in the west ♪ 562 00:27:57,718 --> 00:28:00,929 [Michael Witter] "War" is an assertion that an injustice 563 00:28:01,013 --> 00:28:03,015 has been done to him personally 564 00:28:03,098 --> 00:28:05,767 and it's part of the history of injustice. 565 00:28:05,851 --> 00:28:09,354 And until that stuff is done, there will be war. 566 00:28:10,314 --> 00:28:14,067 [Arnold Bertram] Here is Bob recovering 48 hours after the shooting, 567 00:28:14,151 --> 00:28:16,778 and he gave one of the greatest concerts of his life. 568 00:28:18,906 --> 00:28:21,283 [Cindy Breakspeare] He even showed them, bared his chest, 569 00:28:21,366 --> 00:28:23,368 and showed them where the bullet grazed him. 570 00:28:27,289 --> 00:28:29,833 [Diane Jobson] A proud man, bearing the wounds of his battle, 571 00:28:30,250 --> 00:28:31,710 showing the crowd, "Hey, you see, 572 00:28:33,712 --> 00:28:35,839 they shot after me and can't no kill me." 573 00:28:38,425 --> 00:28:40,510 [Cindy Breakspeare] He was even more of a hero now. 574 00:28:41,094 --> 00:28:43,805 He had survived this gun onslaught, 575 00:28:44,181 --> 00:28:46,975 and here he was to tell the tale. 576 00:28:47,059 --> 00:28:49,811 I think it even gave him a new status. 577 00:28:58,278 --> 00:29:01,406 [Vivien Goldman] After the shooting, Bob didn't feel comfortable in Jamaica. 578 00:29:02,282 --> 00:29:04,451 [Ras Gilly] Bob said, "Fuck Jamaica. 579 00:29:05,953 --> 00:29:07,162 No more Jamaica. 580 00:29:07,496 --> 00:29:08,747 We're gonna tour the world 581 00:29:08,830 --> 00:29:11,500 and spread the good love to the people of the world." 582 00:29:12,876 --> 00:29:14,436 [Cindy Breakspeare] He was heartbroken. 583 00:29:14,503 --> 00:29:18,632 He could not believe that anybody on either side 584 00:29:19,049 --> 00:29:20,592 could have been convinced 585 00:29:20,676 --> 00:29:23,387 to carry out this heinous act against him. 586 00:29:24,137 --> 00:29:25,847 [Roger Steffens] He felt betrayed, 587 00:29:25,931 --> 00:29:28,392 and the morning after the concert, 588 00:29:29,518 --> 00:29:31,019 Bob left the island 589 00:29:31,561 --> 00:29:35,023 and entered into a self-imposed exile. 590 00:29:36,858 --> 00:29:39,653 When he left Jamaica, the air went out of the country, 591 00:29:40,737 --> 00:29:42,406 and he was not only leaving them, 592 00:29:42,489 --> 00:29:44,783 but leaving what they felt he had promised them. 593 00:29:49,454 --> 00:29:51,415 A violent political campaign has ended 594 00:29:51,498 --> 00:29:53,166 with a fairly orderly election, 595 00:29:53,250 --> 00:29:55,961 and the winner was Prime Minister Michael Manley. 596 00:29:56,503 --> 00:29:58,184 [Roger Steffens] Shortly after the concert, 597 00:29:58,213 --> 00:30:01,216 Michael Manley was re-elected overwhelmingly 598 00:30:01,675 --> 00:30:05,387 and the JLP doubled down on the violence. 599 00:30:06,221 --> 00:30:09,182 [Laurie Gunst] The gang situation only escalated 600 00:30:09,391 --> 00:30:10,517 after Bob left. 601 00:30:11,310 --> 00:30:14,438 [male reporter] In dire straits, Jamaica turned to the IMF, 602 00:30:14,521 --> 00:30:18,317 the global financing organization dominated by the United States. 603 00:30:18,734 --> 00:30:21,069 But negotiations did not go well. 604 00:30:22,696 --> 00:30:24,948 [Roger Steffens] There was a huge brain drain in Jamaica. 605 00:30:25,032 --> 00:30:26,950 The middle class basically deserted the island. 606 00:30:27,576 --> 00:30:29,953 All kinds of absolute essentials to life 607 00:30:30,162 --> 00:30:32,914 were almost completely gone. 608 00:30:37,002 --> 00:30:41,298 [Laurie Gunst] And as the scarcity in the downtown ghettos worsened, 609 00:30:41,381 --> 00:30:42,924 there was more and more violence. 610 00:30:45,177 --> 00:30:47,057 [Roger Steffens] The violence made it impossible 611 00:30:47,095 --> 00:30:48,847 for Bob to return to the country. 612 00:30:54,353 --> 00:30:57,356 [Vivien Goldman] So, he wound up spending his time in London. 613 00:30:57,647 --> 00:30:59,608 It was more peaceful in London 614 00:30:59,691 --> 00:31:01,360 and Bob also appreciated 615 00:31:01,443 --> 00:31:02,903 that the police didn't carry guns. 616 00:31:03,653 --> 00:31:06,239 [Wayne Jobson] After the shooting, he realized time was limited 617 00:31:06,323 --> 00:31:09,201 and he had a lot of work to do. And so Bob was just focused, 618 00:31:09,284 --> 00:31:10,994 working on music almost 24/7. 619 00:31:11,912 --> 00:31:13,973 [Cindy Breakspeare] He poured himself into his music. 620 00:31:13,997 --> 00:31:16,541 He just poured himself into it. 621 00:31:16,625 --> 00:31:18,668 That's what he did to go and lick his wounds. 622 00:31:19,586 --> 00:31:22,714 [Roger Steffens] When he was living in exile, Bob made Exodus, 623 00:31:22,798 --> 00:31:25,092 Time magazine's Album of the Century. 624 00:31:25,717 --> 00:31:28,887 [Vivien Goldman] I was lucky enough to be literally living down the road 625 00:31:28,970 --> 00:31:31,598 from where they were recording Exodus. 626 00:31:32,307 --> 00:31:34,935 The whole Exodus album is very infused 627 00:31:35,018 --> 00:31:36,603 with what he'd been through. 628 00:31:38,438 --> 00:31:41,233 ♪ Ambush in the night ♪ 629 00:31:43,235 --> 00:31:46,571 ♪ All guns aiming at me ♪ 630 00:31:46,655 --> 00:31:48,575 [Vivien Goldman] He would write very specifically 631 00:31:48,657 --> 00:31:49,908 about the assassination attempt 632 00:31:49,991 --> 00:31:52,077 in songs like "Ambush in the Night." 633 00:31:54,454 --> 00:31:57,457 With London, it was very much a coming of age 634 00:31:57,541 --> 00:32:01,211 of post-colonial, first-generation African immigrants, 635 00:32:01,294 --> 00:32:03,088 and Bob was living in their midst. 636 00:32:03,547 --> 00:32:06,442 [Wayne Jobson] Bob was in London, mixing with all these different cultures 637 00:32:06,466 --> 00:32:08,593 and being exposed to different countries. 638 00:32:08,677 --> 00:32:10,011 London kind of opened his mind 639 00:32:10,095 --> 00:32:11,855 to more of what was going on internationally. 640 00:32:12,764 --> 00:32:14,683 The government of South Africa said today 641 00:32:14,766 --> 00:32:16,268 it is sending more of its troops 642 00:32:16,351 --> 00:32:18,395 to fight in the Angolan Civil War. 643 00:32:18,979 --> 00:32:21,332 [male reporter] Communists in Angola face violent opposition 644 00:32:21,356 --> 00:32:24,151 from capitalists in the US and white South Africans. 645 00:32:24,568 --> 00:32:28,280 [Arnold Bertram] Bob Marley is increasingly taking a stand for Africa 646 00:32:28,363 --> 00:32:30,866 and the fight for social justice globally. 647 00:32:31,741 --> 00:32:34,995 ♪ So arm in arms, with arms ♪ 648 00:32:35,704 --> 00:32:38,331 ♪ We'll fight This little struggle together ♪ 649 00:32:39,583 --> 00:32:41,543 ♪ 'Cause that's the only way ♪ 650 00:32:41,793 --> 00:32:45,088 ♪ We can overcome our little trouble... ♪ 651 00:32:45,172 --> 00:32:48,508 [Roger Steffens] It was very clear that Bob was opposed 652 00:32:48,592 --> 00:32:51,136 to the political "shitsdom" as he called it. 653 00:32:51,428 --> 00:32:54,723 Bob said, "Every government on the face of the Earth is illegal." 654 00:32:55,265 --> 00:32:57,893 Those were fiery words in the 1970s. 655 00:33:10,322 --> 00:33:12,800 [Arnold Bertram] We are speaking about the time of the Cold War 656 00:33:12,824 --> 00:33:14,409 when there is no middle ground. 657 00:33:14,910 --> 00:33:17,704 The world is divided between two superpowers 658 00:33:18,205 --> 00:33:21,416 and everything you do is scrutinized from the stand point: 659 00:33:21,583 --> 00:33:24,794 does it suit one or the other? 660 00:33:25,295 --> 00:33:28,882 [Cuban reporter in Spanish] Long live the magnificent commander 661 00:33:28,965 --> 00:33:30,926 and Prime Minister of Jamaica 662 00:33:31,468 --> 00:33:33,428 comrade Michael Manley. 663 00:33:34,721 --> 00:33:36,765 [man] Fidel and Manley are good friends, 664 00:33:36,848 --> 00:33:39,768 and Fidel's relationship with Manley became 665 00:33:39,851 --> 00:33:42,312 a big issue for the United States. 666 00:33:43,772 --> 00:33:46,083 [Edward Seaga] They don't like when I call them communists, 667 00:33:46,107 --> 00:33:47,107 but I have to! 668 00:33:47,609 --> 00:33:50,320 Their foreign policy is the same 669 00:33:50,445 --> 00:33:52,113 as the Cuban government's! 670 00:33:52,197 --> 00:33:56,576 They're also craving for power, those fascist nincompoops. 671 00:33:57,285 --> 00:33:59,246 [Michael Witter] The two political parties 672 00:33:59,329 --> 00:34:04,209 operated as proxies in a global Cold War. 673 00:34:04,292 --> 00:34:08,171 [male reporter] American support is solidly behind Edward Seaga. 674 00:34:08,797 --> 00:34:11,800 On the streets of Kingston, they have their own way of spelling it. 675 00:34:13,718 --> 00:34:16,680 [Paul Burke] They were starting to say that it was the CIA 676 00:34:17,389 --> 00:34:19,558 who were behind the shooting of Bob Marley. 677 00:34:19,641 --> 00:34:21,643 And many Jamaicans ran with that propaganda. 678 00:34:22,936 --> 00:34:25,146 [Diane Jobson] This was a force to be watched, 679 00:34:25,605 --> 00:34:27,983 a potential threat to the establishment. 680 00:34:29,234 --> 00:34:30,986 The CIA had to have been looking at him. 681 00:34:32,654 --> 00:34:36,199 [Roger Steffens] The CIA's file on Bob Marley was heavily redacted. 682 00:34:37,075 --> 00:34:39,744 But the CIA labeled him as subversive. 683 00:34:40,620 --> 00:34:42,080 They were watching him. 684 00:34:43,248 --> 00:34:45,542 [Ras Gilly] We knew that the CIA was watching. 685 00:34:45,625 --> 00:34:46,625 We felt them. 686 00:34:47,085 --> 00:34:48,795 Yeah, we felt them all the time. 687 00:34:48,878 --> 00:34:51,047 [people chanting] 688 00:34:51,131 --> 00:34:53,425 [Osvaldo Cardenas] The CIA was all over Jamaica. 689 00:34:55,260 --> 00:34:58,471 Some of the information that we got was from double agents 690 00:34:58,555 --> 00:34:59,723 that we have in the CIA. 691 00:35:00,181 --> 00:35:03,602 But also there was cooperation between Cuban intelligence 692 00:35:03,685 --> 00:35:05,353 and the KGB. 693 00:35:06,521 --> 00:35:08,523 We have information from many sources. 694 00:35:09,482 --> 00:35:12,611 [Roger Steffens] There was tremendous fear in the United States 695 00:35:12,694 --> 00:35:16,364 that Jamaica was going to become the next Cuba. 696 00:35:17,782 --> 00:35:19,783 [Osvaldo Cardenas] The CIA was bringing the weapons 697 00:35:19,826 --> 00:35:22,412 and training people to destabilize the country, 698 00:35:22,495 --> 00:35:24,205 even with violent means. 699 00:35:24,831 --> 00:35:27,917 The evidence of changing tactics in warfare 700 00:35:28,001 --> 00:35:31,254 was obvious with the actions of the gangs in the street. 701 00:35:33,131 --> 00:35:36,635 [Michael Witter] There's a lot of evidence that the CIA facilitated 702 00:35:36,718 --> 00:35:39,971 the activities of street fighters 703 00:35:40,055 --> 00:35:41,473 for the JLP. 704 00:35:42,515 --> 00:35:44,851 [man] These gangs used paramilitary tactics. 705 00:35:44,934 --> 00:35:46,353 They would go into the shanty towns 706 00:35:46,436 --> 00:35:48,271 and they would seal off whole blocks 707 00:35:48,355 --> 00:35:50,315 and with military tactics, 708 00:35:50,398 --> 00:35:53,526 hold the police and the fire department at bay 709 00:35:53,610 --> 00:35:55,403 while they burned down the whole block. 710 00:35:55,487 --> 00:35:58,031 And in some cases, they would throw children and babies 711 00:35:58,114 --> 00:35:59,282 back into the flames. 712 00:35:59,866 --> 00:36:02,494 And this, of course, has served to turn the people 713 00:36:02,577 --> 00:36:04,663 against the government of Michael Manley. 714 00:36:05,497 --> 00:36:07,297 [male reporter] Opposition leader Edward Seaga 715 00:36:07,374 --> 00:36:09,876 dismisses Philip Agee as a prostitute, 716 00:36:09,959 --> 00:36:11,544 selling himself to any government 717 00:36:11,628 --> 00:36:13,630 which might have use for his services. 718 00:36:14,464 --> 00:36:16,758 [interviewer] Was the CIA working with the JLP? 719 00:36:19,761 --> 00:36:21,513 I've never spoken with the CIA, man. 720 00:36:21,596 --> 00:36:22,722 I really don't know. 721 00:36:26,267 --> 00:36:28,895 [distorted voice] At that time, what I heard was that Seaga 722 00:36:28,978 --> 00:36:30,980 wouldn't be linked with any of them. 723 00:36:31,064 --> 00:36:32,899 He would deal with his people 724 00:36:33,316 --> 00:36:34,818 who would deal with these people. 725 00:36:35,026 --> 00:36:37,529 There's no way Seaga dealt directly 726 00:36:37,612 --> 00:36:39,698 with CIA or DEA operatives. 727 00:36:39,989 --> 00:36:42,158 It was part of his overall plan. 728 00:36:42,575 --> 00:36:45,036 "America wants to keep Cuba out of the way, 729 00:36:45,161 --> 00:36:46,538 we need the help, 730 00:36:46,621 --> 00:36:48,456 come and do it but don't talk to me. 731 00:36:48,540 --> 00:36:49,749 Don't implicate me. 732 00:36:49,833 --> 00:36:51,418 I have people you can talk to, 733 00:36:51,501 --> 00:36:53,128 but you don't implicate me." 734 00:36:53,753 --> 00:36:56,005 The tentacles of the CIA, 735 00:36:56,423 --> 00:36:58,299 they reached out, and they reached out, 736 00:36:58,383 --> 00:36:59,509 and they reached out. 737 00:37:02,512 --> 00:37:04,352 [TV announcer] Jimmy Cliff, an existential hero 738 00:37:04,431 --> 00:37:07,308 as good as anything James Dean or Brando portrayed in the '50s. 739 00:37:08,143 --> 00:37:10,895 [man] I was an established star in Jamaica. 740 00:37:12,355 --> 00:37:15,358 And the CIA came to me at my home... 741 00:37:16,776 --> 00:37:17,819 in Kingston... 742 00:37:18,778 --> 00:37:20,572 asking me questions, 743 00:37:21,114 --> 00:37:25,535 like what I think of this one party in Jamaica, 744 00:37:25,618 --> 00:37:26,870 or that party in Jamaica, 745 00:37:26,953 --> 00:37:28,246 or that political figure. 746 00:37:30,248 --> 00:37:32,959 I said, "You can't ask me them kind of questions. 747 00:37:34,294 --> 00:37:36,463 You can't ask me question like that!" 748 00:37:37,881 --> 00:37:42,886 - ♪ Political violence fill your city ♪ - [backing vocals] ♪ Yeah! ♪ 749 00:37:43,845 --> 00:37:48,433 ♪ Don't involve Rasta in your say-say ♪ 750 00:37:48,892 --> 00:37:54,522 ♪ I'm sayin', Rasta don't work For no, oh no, CIA ♪ 751 00:37:55,356 --> 00:37:58,109 "Rasta don't work for no CIA!" 752 00:37:58,193 --> 00:38:01,571 You hear? Rasta don't work for no CIA! 753 00:38:04,199 --> 00:38:06,409 If a poet rise up, 754 00:38:06,743 --> 00:38:09,996 or a singer who use words well rise up, 755 00:38:10,497 --> 00:38:12,457 it's a threat to them. 756 00:38:13,208 --> 00:38:15,376 People got afraid of Bob Marley 757 00:38:15,460 --> 00:38:17,253 because he had the airwaves. 758 00:38:17,837 --> 00:38:19,047 His message was sung 759 00:38:19,130 --> 00:38:20,965 by every European pickney, 760 00:38:21,549 --> 00:38:23,176 by every American pickney. 761 00:38:23,676 --> 00:38:26,471 And there were forces that didn't like it. 762 00:38:32,769 --> 00:38:36,272 [Tommy Cowan] By '78, Bob was a superstar. 763 00:38:37,106 --> 00:38:38,858 He took me on a tour to Europe, 764 00:38:39,150 --> 00:38:41,986 and then I realized, "This is how they really treat him." 765 00:38:42,153 --> 00:38:44,364 I mean, there are police riders in Paris, 766 00:38:44,447 --> 00:38:46,199 going to the walls of Germany, 767 00:38:46,533 --> 00:38:49,202 and seeing soldiers put down their arms. 768 00:38:49,285 --> 00:38:52,497 Seeing people just crying and weeping. 769 00:38:52,705 --> 00:38:55,375 Seeing people fainting before a concert starts. 770 00:38:55,583 --> 00:38:57,877 I mean, people would bring their babies and ask him, 771 00:38:57,961 --> 00:38:59,546 "Can you just touch the baby for me?" 772 00:39:01,881 --> 00:39:05,552 [Roger Steffens] This was the absolute height of his fame. 773 00:39:07,512 --> 00:39:09,931 ♪ Jah come to break down oppression ♪ 774 00:39:10,932 --> 00:39:14,394 ♪ Rule equality, yeah! ♪ 775 00:39:14,477 --> 00:39:17,063 ♪ Wipe away transgression ♪ 776 00:39:17,689 --> 00:39:19,691 [backing vocals] ♪ Set the captives free! ♪ 777 00:39:21,568 --> 00:39:25,280 [Bob] We do not defend Marxism nor capitalism. 778 00:39:25,530 --> 00:39:28,157 - We are strictly Rasta! - [man] All right. 779 00:39:29,284 --> 00:39:30,284 [Bob] We independent! 780 00:39:30,410 --> 00:39:32,245 We don't have America for gwan beg anything, 781 00:39:32,328 --> 00:39:33,580 nor Russia to beg anything. 782 00:39:33,663 --> 00:39:35,623 We prefer to look on our own self, 783 00:39:35,707 --> 00:39:37,876 which is Rasta: Black people's rights. 784 00:39:39,085 --> 00:39:41,397 [Arnold Bertram] Nothing mattered more to Bob than Jamaica. 785 00:39:41,421 --> 00:39:44,674 And he was yearning to go back, but he knew that he couldn't go back home 786 00:39:44,757 --> 00:39:46,801 because it was too risky. It was way too dangerous. 787 00:39:48,428 --> 00:39:49,888 [Roger Steffens] Back in Jamaica, 788 00:39:50,054 --> 00:39:53,391 the violence reached crisis proportions. 789 00:39:56,686 --> 00:40:00,648 [male reporter] The silver-sanded beaches have been deserted by the tourists, 790 00:40:00,732 --> 00:40:04,402 for Jamaica's image is that of a violent, disintegrating society. 791 00:40:04,777 --> 00:40:07,113 The overstretched police and army patrols 792 00:40:07,196 --> 00:40:09,324 have effectively abandoned certain areas 793 00:40:09,407 --> 00:40:11,409 to the warring political factions. 794 00:40:25,214 --> 00:40:27,800 [Laurie Gunst] The later 1970s were really a moment 795 00:40:27,884 --> 00:40:29,844 when hope gave way to despair. 796 00:40:30,637 --> 00:40:33,514 There was, for example, the Orange Lane fire, 797 00:40:33,598 --> 00:40:36,142 in which an old people's home 798 00:40:36,225 --> 00:40:37,143 was set afire. 799 00:40:37,226 --> 00:40:39,812 And gunmen shot at the firefighters 800 00:40:39,896 --> 00:40:41,898 who tried to put out the flames. 801 00:40:42,357 --> 00:40:44,984 There was a level of brutality 802 00:40:45,485 --> 00:40:47,111 to the political violence 803 00:40:47,195 --> 00:40:49,405 that no one had ever seen before. 804 00:40:49,948 --> 00:40:51,532 And it just kept getting worse. 805 00:40:55,078 --> 00:40:58,373 [male reporter] The Gun Court is the symbol of a nation fed up with crime. 806 00:40:59,040 --> 00:41:02,126 Anyone caught on the island with an illegal firearm, 807 00:41:02,418 --> 00:41:04,921 or as much as a bullet in his pocket, 808 00:41:05,004 --> 00:41:06,297 will be brought here. 809 00:41:07,048 --> 00:41:10,635 [Roger Steffens] 1977 was fraught with violence. 810 00:41:10,718 --> 00:41:13,054 And Michael Manley decided 811 00:41:13,137 --> 00:41:15,598 to put Buckie Marshall and Claudie Massop, 812 00:41:15,682 --> 00:41:17,850 rival gang leaders, in prison. 813 00:41:18,643 --> 00:41:22,730 It was one of those occasions when Claudie was in jail... 814 00:41:24,065 --> 00:41:25,358 One of the many occasions. 815 00:41:26,192 --> 00:41:29,570 [Vivien Goldman] Claudie was a well-known associate of Seaga's JLP, 816 00:41:29,654 --> 00:41:31,614 and Buckie was PNP. 817 00:41:32,156 --> 00:41:35,660 They would get together and realize how they were being exploited, 818 00:41:35,743 --> 00:41:38,079 that they were absolutely pawns of the superpowers. 819 00:41:38,746 --> 00:41:40,786 [Roger Steffens] They declared a truce between them. 820 00:41:40,832 --> 00:41:42,041 By the end of the year, 821 00:41:42,125 --> 00:41:44,335 Buckie and Claudie were released from prison. 822 00:41:44,419 --> 00:41:49,048 And this spontaneous peace truce effort took place. 823 00:41:53,052 --> 00:41:55,638 [Syd Massop] It was all about unification. 824 00:41:55,722 --> 00:41:59,017 That is the reason why they came up 825 00:41:59,183 --> 00:42:02,103 with the idea of the One Love Concert. 826 00:42:02,186 --> 00:42:04,313 [Cindy Breakspeare] There had to be a coming together, 827 00:42:04,397 --> 00:42:06,357 and there had to be somebody at the center of that 828 00:42:06,441 --> 00:42:07,817 to make it happen. 829 00:42:08,860 --> 00:42:11,154 And I think they felt that Bob was the only person 830 00:42:11,237 --> 00:42:13,489 who really had that kind of clout. 831 00:42:14,866 --> 00:42:17,035 [Roger Steffens] When Claudie and Buckie went to London 832 00:42:17,118 --> 00:42:18,619 and begged him to return 833 00:42:18,703 --> 00:42:20,955 to help them quell the violence, 834 00:42:21,039 --> 00:42:24,709 Bob really didn't want to go back to Jamaica. 835 00:42:24,792 --> 00:42:26,711 He felt it was unsafe 836 00:42:26,794 --> 00:42:29,213 because many of the people who had come to kill him 837 00:42:29,297 --> 00:42:30,339 were still around. 838 00:42:30,798 --> 00:42:32,759 But Bob trusted Claudie. 839 00:42:33,426 --> 00:42:36,554 Bob and Claudie grew up in the same community, 840 00:42:37,555 --> 00:42:40,558 and they were boys together. 841 00:42:41,100 --> 00:42:43,061 They kept their friendship all along. 842 00:42:44,979 --> 00:42:48,191 [Vivien Goldman] Bob's message of peace was so seductive. 843 00:42:48,274 --> 00:42:51,027 He was changing people's hearts and minds with music, 844 00:42:51,235 --> 00:42:53,488 as he did with somebody like Claudie Massop. 845 00:42:54,155 --> 00:42:56,157 And that was why Bob was such a threat. 846 00:42:57,366 --> 00:43:01,662 [Roger Steffens] It was only because he got the absolute word 847 00:43:01,746 --> 00:43:03,372 of both gangsters 848 00:43:04,040 --> 00:43:05,583 that he would be safe 849 00:43:06,084 --> 00:43:07,502 that he finally returned. 850 00:43:08,086 --> 00:43:11,547 Bob, have you been told what's going to happen when you return to Jamaica? 851 00:43:11,631 --> 00:43:13,591 What's gonna happen is that the people must unite. 852 00:43:13,674 --> 00:43:15,343 There might be a little bit of fight, 853 00:43:15,426 --> 00:43:17,470 but they must be strong and unite, 854 00:43:17,553 --> 00:43:20,098 because this unity in Jamaica 855 00:43:20,181 --> 00:43:23,559 is to unify the universal black people 856 00:43:23,643 --> 00:43:25,019 all over the Earth. 857 00:43:25,103 --> 00:43:27,438 [people chanting, clapping] 858 00:43:30,066 --> 00:43:32,485 [Syd Massop] It was just such an exciting time 859 00:43:32,568 --> 00:43:33,903 for everybody in the country 860 00:43:34,445 --> 00:43:36,072 because many of these people 861 00:43:36,155 --> 00:43:39,408 had not even spoken to each other for many, many years. 862 00:43:39,992 --> 00:43:42,995 And they were all coming together to bring Bob home. 863 00:43:44,247 --> 00:43:46,308 [Cindy Breakspeare] Bob returned to a hero's welcome. 864 00:43:46,332 --> 00:43:49,252 The airport was just awash with people. 865 00:43:49,961 --> 00:43:52,839 [Diane Jobson] People jump over the fence and they're on the runway. 866 00:43:52,922 --> 00:43:55,675 A massive crowd returned to the gate, 867 00:43:56,425 --> 00:43:57,927 and earthquake. 868 00:43:59,303 --> 00:44:03,683 So, the next day, there was in big headlines, 869 00:44:04,267 --> 00:44:05,768 "Bob Marley Returns!" 870 00:44:05,852 --> 00:44:07,937 And then smaller, "Earthquake. 871 00:44:08,020 --> 00:44:11,065 Jamaica experienced a... whatever... 3.5." 872 00:44:14,360 --> 00:44:17,864 [Tommy Cowan] Bob called me about organizing this concert. 873 00:44:18,281 --> 00:44:20,241 The various areas of the concert 874 00:44:20,324 --> 00:44:21,784 was a Love section, 875 00:44:22,243 --> 00:44:23,619 a Togetherness section, 876 00:44:24,036 --> 00:44:25,538 and a Peace section. 877 00:44:27,206 --> 00:44:28,624 And so, he coined it 878 00:44:28,708 --> 00:44:30,126 the One Love Peace concert. 879 00:44:32,086 --> 00:44:34,755 I used different youths from the inner city 880 00:44:34,839 --> 00:44:37,091 to do all the security. 881 00:44:37,341 --> 00:44:40,636 Whether they are from Tivoli or a jungle, it didn't matter. 882 00:44:42,889 --> 00:44:45,057 I want to see Buckie Marshall 883 00:44:45,349 --> 00:44:47,310 and Claudie Massop and Tony Welch 884 00:44:47,393 --> 00:44:50,396 on stage to represent the people! 885 00:44:51,189 --> 00:44:52,648 We want to see them! 886 00:44:53,649 --> 00:44:54,650 We want to see them! 887 00:44:54,734 --> 00:44:56,375 [Edward Seaga] There was a massive crowd. 888 00:44:56,402 --> 00:44:58,487 But what was beautiful about it was 889 00:44:58,571 --> 00:45:01,782 you didn't have the PNP on this side and JLP on that side. 890 00:45:01,866 --> 00:45:02,866 They were all mingling. 891 00:45:05,620 --> 00:45:08,039 [Paul Burke] There was no demarcation. 892 00:45:08,664 --> 00:45:11,292 People really wanted this peace thing to work. 893 00:45:11,375 --> 00:45:13,044 It was just something phenomenal. 894 00:45:13,753 --> 00:45:18,216 [men] ♪ Peace treaty is going on Hoorah, hoorah ♪ 895 00:45:18,299 --> 00:45:19,467 [man] Michael Manley! 896 00:45:19,550 --> 00:45:23,721 [men] ♪ Peace treaty is going on Hoorah, hoorah ♪ 897 00:45:23,804 --> 00:45:26,224 ♪ Tivoli is moving on ♪ 898 00:45:26,307 --> 00:45:28,643 ♪ Buckie Marshall and Claudie ♪ 899 00:45:28,726 --> 00:45:32,021 ♪ Say I to my brethren again ♪ 900 00:45:32,104 --> 00:45:33,940 [all whooping] 901 00:45:35,566 --> 00:45:38,277 [man] Jacob Miller and Inner Circle, let's go, ya! 902 00:45:38,694 --> 00:45:40,571 Jacob Miller and Inner Circle, ya! 903 00:45:42,990 --> 00:45:45,993 [Nancy Burke] And after a long night of musical fabulousness, 904 00:45:46,077 --> 00:45:48,537 at about 2:00 a.m., Bob came onstage... 905 00:45:48,621 --> 00:45:50,081 ♪ No bullet can stop us now ♪ 906 00:45:50,164 --> 00:45:52,291 ♪ We neither beg nor we won't bow ♪ 907 00:45:52,375 --> 00:45:54,543 ♪ Neither can be bought or sold ♪ 908 00:45:54,627 --> 00:45:56,462 ...and danced on the stage in a way 909 00:45:56,545 --> 00:45:59,340 that no one had ever really seen in Jamaica before. 910 00:45:59,423 --> 00:46:01,509 You know, the way he performs abroad. 911 00:46:01,884 --> 00:46:04,637 Leaping, and twirling, and tossing his hair. 912 00:46:05,680 --> 00:46:07,682 All very dramatic under a big full moon. 913 00:46:08,099 --> 00:46:09,600 And then, he paused the music. 914 00:46:10,226 --> 00:46:11,269 [Bob] Could we have... 915 00:46:11,727 --> 00:46:15,147 Could we have up here onstage here, 916 00:46:15,564 --> 00:46:18,609 the presence of Mr. Michael Manley 917 00:46:18,985 --> 00:46:21,570 and Mr. Edward Seaga? [howls] 918 00:46:23,531 --> 00:46:25,074 I just want to shake hands 919 00:46:25,157 --> 00:46:28,077 and show the people that we're gonna meet them right. 920 00:46:28,411 --> 00:46:30,037 ♪ We are gonna unite ♪ 921 00:46:30,454 --> 00:46:32,164 ♪ We gonna meet them right ♪ 922 00:46:32,248 --> 00:46:33,874 ♪ We gots to unite ♪ 923 00:46:33,958 --> 00:46:36,085 [scat singing] 924 00:46:36,168 --> 00:46:37,628 [thunder crashes] 925 00:46:37,712 --> 00:46:40,423 [Tommy Cowan] I'm tellin' you that a bolt of lightning 926 00:46:40,506 --> 00:46:42,049 hit into that stadium 927 00:46:42,133 --> 00:46:44,969 when he went into that spiritual dance, 928 00:46:45,344 --> 00:46:47,805 and it could've only been God himself 929 00:46:48,264 --> 00:46:51,976 that was really lookin' at that, sayin', "Well done!" [laughs] 930 00:46:52,059 --> 00:46:55,313 [guitar solo] 931 00:46:59,525 --> 00:47:02,320 [Jimmy Cliff] Bob called up Mr. Edward Seaga first. 932 00:47:02,403 --> 00:47:04,780 And then he called up Mr. Michael Manley. 933 00:47:05,364 --> 00:47:07,658 He took a little time because I guess 934 00:47:08,200 --> 00:47:10,453 he was contemplating, 935 00:47:10,536 --> 00:47:12,413 "Boy, is this a good idea or not? 936 00:47:12,830 --> 00:47:16,876 Onstage, with my arch-rival!" 937 00:47:18,252 --> 00:47:19,712 But he couldn't refuse. 938 00:47:19,795 --> 00:47:21,547 [crowd cheering] 939 00:47:21,630 --> 00:47:24,031 [Edward Seaga] We didn't know we'd be called up on the stage. 940 00:47:24,091 --> 00:47:26,635 Or that Manley would have been called up on the stage. 941 00:47:26,719 --> 00:47:29,055 Bob was supportive of a mission 942 00:47:29,472 --> 00:47:30,806 that was not divisive. 943 00:47:31,474 --> 00:47:33,768 [Vivien Goldman] And you could just feel him 944 00:47:33,851 --> 00:47:36,771 willing to manifest these people 945 00:47:36,854 --> 00:47:39,607 to bring about the peace and stop the bloodshed. 946 00:47:40,191 --> 00:47:42,231 [Wayne Jobson] By trying to unite these two parties, 947 00:47:42,276 --> 00:47:44,316 Bob knew that he was setting himself up as a target. 948 00:47:44,362 --> 00:47:47,198 But he was gonna risk his own life to come back and unite the people. 949 00:47:48,824 --> 00:47:51,285 [Roger Steffens] And he held their hands aloft 950 00:47:51,369 --> 00:47:53,120 in a benediction to Rastafari. 951 00:47:53,496 --> 00:47:54,747 The moment was compared 952 00:47:54,830 --> 00:47:57,458 to Christ on the cross between the two thieves. 953 00:47:58,667 --> 00:48:00,211 That was the night Bob went 954 00:48:00,294 --> 00:48:01,962 from showman to shaman. 955 00:48:09,804 --> 00:48:11,305 [music resolves, cymbal crash] 956 00:48:11,389 --> 00:48:14,058 We felt it was the end of tribal war, 957 00:48:14,141 --> 00:48:17,311 and that Bob Marley had done a masterpiece. 958 00:48:17,395 --> 00:48:20,940 And it was symbolic that everybody wanted peace. 959 00:48:21,023 --> 00:48:24,819 To say that there was suddenly peace all over the land, no. [laughs] 960 00:48:25,486 --> 00:48:27,029 No. [chuckles] 961 00:48:27,113 --> 00:48:28,864 He tried to bring peace. 962 00:48:29,907 --> 00:48:31,659 But there couldn't be no peace. 963 00:48:35,287 --> 00:48:37,706 [Laurie Gunst] After the One Love Peace Concert, 964 00:48:37,790 --> 00:48:41,669 Jim Brown showed up to Bob's place on Hope Road 965 00:48:41,752 --> 00:48:45,047 to deliver some of the money from the ticket sales. 966 00:48:46,132 --> 00:48:48,759 [Wayne Jobson] Jim Brown was the most powerful Don in the ghetto. 967 00:48:48,843 --> 00:48:52,680 His garrison was Tivoli, but he was a henchman for the whole JLP. 968 00:48:54,348 --> 00:48:56,725 [Laurie Gunst] One of my most important informants, 969 00:48:56,809 --> 00:49:01,522 Trevor Philips, was with Bob when Jim Brown showed up. 970 00:49:02,064 --> 00:49:05,025 Marley took Trevor aside and said, "Who is this man? 971 00:49:05,568 --> 00:49:06,986 What is he doing up here?" 972 00:49:07,528 --> 00:49:09,447 And Trevor said to Bob, 973 00:49:09,530 --> 00:49:11,365 "But don't you know Jim Brown?" 974 00:49:11,449 --> 00:49:15,536 And Bob said, "Trevor, I saw that man up here 975 00:49:15,870 --> 00:49:17,246 the night I was shot." 976 00:49:18,914 --> 00:49:20,708 I remember once having a... 977 00:49:21,917 --> 00:49:23,627 little meeting with some fellas 978 00:49:23,711 --> 00:49:25,588 in which Jim Brown was present, 979 00:49:25,880 --> 00:49:27,131 and we were in a back room, 980 00:49:27,214 --> 00:49:29,967 because nobody was supposed to know Jim Brown was there. 981 00:49:30,050 --> 00:49:32,386 What he said basically was that, 982 00:49:33,095 --> 00:49:36,307 "When I went into the place and started firing, 983 00:49:37,141 --> 00:49:40,352 Bob Marley said, 'Don't shoot me, don't shoot me, sir!'" 984 00:49:42,563 --> 00:49:44,815 [Wayne Jobson] Bob told me, when he saw him later on, 985 00:49:44,899 --> 00:49:47,276 "That was the guy who was there the night of the shooting! 986 00:49:47,651 --> 00:49:50,446 I don't know if Jim fired the gun, but that is the guy who was there." 987 00:49:51,113 --> 00:49:52,698 [interviewer] You never saw the gunman. 988 00:49:53,616 --> 00:49:54,616 Well... 989 00:49:55,242 --> 00:49:56,494 at that time, no. 990 00:49:57,870 --> 00:50:00,414 - [interviewer] But you know who did it. - Yeah, I know them. 991 00:50:00,498 --> 00:50:01,832 [interviewer] Were they caught? 992 00:50:01,916 --> 00:50:04,418 No... Nobody called the police. 993 00:50:05,169 --> 00:50:06,337 It's just, you know, 994 00:50:07,338 --> 00:50:08,422 one of them things. 995 00:50:09,006 --> 00:50:11,884 I recognized the gunman man who come. 996 00:50:11,967 --> 00:50:13,844 It was a Labourite man. 997 00:50:14,261 --> 00:50:15,888 One of Seaga's men. 998 00:50:17,181 --> 00:50:19,934 [Laurie Gunst] I think that it was Jim Brown 999 00:50:20,017 --> 00:50:21,727 who masterminded that shooting 1000 00:50:21,810 --> 00:50:25,231 because it would've been way too secure. 1001 00:50:25,314 --> 00:50:27,316 His bona fide is with Seaga. 1002 00:50:27,900 --> 00:50:30,611 It also launched Jim Brown. 1003 00:50:31,570 --> 00:50:33,322 [Roger Steffens] Jim Brown went on to form 1004 00:50:33,405 --> 00:50:35,783 the notorious Shower Posse. 1005 00:50:36,534 --> 00:50:39,495 The Shower Posse became one of the prime smugglers 1006 00:50:39,578 --> 00:50:41,914 of cocaine and heroin 1007 00:50:41,997 --> 00:50:43,457 into North America. 1008 00:50:44,917 --> 00:50:47,545 [Laurie Gunst] It took the authorities a long time to realize 1009 00:50:47,628 --> 00:50:49,547 how murderous this man was, 1010 00:50:49,630 --> 00:50:52,925 because he was under the protection of Edward Seaga, 1011 00:50:53,342 --> 00:50:54,343 from the beginning. 1012 00:51:00,599 --> 00:51:02,935 [crowd cheering] 1013 00:51:03,018 --> 00:51:04,699 [Laurie Gunst] Bob Marley never knew this, 1014 00:51:05,020 --> 00:51:07,398 but one of the tragic ironies 1015 00:51:07,481 --> 00:51:09,275 of the One Love Peace Concert 1016 00:51:09,358 --> 00:51:13,404 was that, as I learned from one of my sources, 1017 00:51:13,487 --> 00:51:16,991 "Is not peace we are dealin' with here, is pieces." 1018 00:51:17,074 --> 00:51:18,867 Meaning firearms. 1019 00:51:19,076 --> 00:51:20,869 Guns were brought in 1020 00:51:20,953 --> 00:51:22,913 in some of the sound equipment 1021 00:51:23,289 --> 00:51:25,249 that came in from the United States, 1022 00:51:26,041 --> 00:51:27,793 and they were later distributed 1023 00:51:27,876 --> 00:51:29,878 to gang members of the JLP. 1024 00:51:33,799 --> 00:51:36,552 [Vivien Goldman] For some people, peace doesn't pay. 1025 00:51:38,554 --> 00:51:41,307 And many of the prime movers of the peace 1026 00:51:41,390 --> 00:51:43,892 were killed in a very short time thereafter. 1027 00:51:45,436 --> 00:51:48,564 [Syd Massop] Claudie was with two of his brethrens, 1028 00:51:48,647 --> 00:51:49,815 and they were ambushed, 1029 00:51:50,316 --> 00:51:52,985 and shot, with their hands up. 1030 00:51:54,236 --> 00:51:56,363 When all was said and done, 1031 00:51:56,447 --> 00:52:00,284 his body was taken to the Ministry of Justice 1032 00:52:00,367 --> 00:52:02,745 and shots were fired, 1033 00:52:03,621 --> 00:52:04,747 I suppose to say, 1034 00:52:05,914 --> 00:52:07,124 "Mission accomplished." 1035 00:52:07,916 --> 00:52:10,586 These men were victims of the peace. 1036 00:52:13,756 --> 00:52:16,258 [Laurie Gunst] Claudie Massop's participation 1037 00:52:16,342 --> 00:52:17,885 in The Downtown Truce 1038 00:52:17,968 --> 00:52:19,970 sealed Massop's fate. 1039 00:52:20,554 --> 00:52:25,893 Massop became a liability, and so did all of the gang leaders 1040 00:52:25,976 --> 00:52:28,437 who participated in that truce. 1041 00:52:29,855 --> 00:52:32,149 [Wayne Jobson] Claudie got killed, Buckie got killed, 1042 00:52:32,232 --> 00:52:34,193 and everybody eventually got killed off. 1043 00:52:34,443 --> 00:52:35,653 In politics in Jamaica, 1044 00:52:35,736 --> 00:52:38,364 they can only control the people with violence. 1045 00:52:39,031 --> 00:52:40,151 [Laurie Gunst] By that time, 1046 00:52:40,199 --> 00:52:43,160 the politicians were offing their own Dons. 1047 00:52:43,577 --> 00:52:45,746 They would call out the Jamaican police 1048 00:52:45,829 --> 00:52:49,667 to liquidate anyone who got out of hand. 1049 00:52:50,125 --> 00:52:53,837 Peace was way too dangerous for the politicians, 1050 00:52:54,296 --> 00:52:55,381 and they knew it. 1051 00:53:04,807 --> 00:53:08,268 [people cheering, chanting] 1052 00:53:10,270 --> 00:53:14,983 We're here to honor one of the foremost statesmen in our hemisphere, 1053 00:53:15,526 --> 00:53:17,447 and certainly our good friend and my good friend, 1054 00:53:17,486 --> 00:53:20,239 the Prime Minister Edward Seaga of Jamaica. 1055 00:53:20,322 --> 00:53:21,699 [applause] 1056 00:53:28,038 --> 00:53:31,959 [voice trembling] It's really like a light goes out, a big light is gone, 1057 00:53:32,668 --> 00:53:34,336 and you're never gonna see that again... 1058 00:53:35,629 --> 00:53:36,755 in this lifetime. 1059 00:53:40,884 --> 00:53:43,804 [Wayne Jobson] The CIA was working to destabilize Jamaica, 1060 00:53:43,887 --> 00:53:46,640 and the political war going on pushed him 1061 00:53:46,724 --> 00:53:49,852 to become the political force we know today as Bob Marley. 1062 00:53:52,813 --> 00:53:55,899 [Tommy Cowan] One day, I was with Bob at Hope Road, 1063 00:53:56,233 --> 00:53:57,901 and we heard a knock. 1064 00:53:58,527 --> 00:54:00,154 When we answered the door, 1065 00:54:00,237 --> 00:54:03,031 there were two African brothers from Rhodesia 1066 00:54:03,824 --> 00:54:06,660 and they said they were going to get their independence. 1067 00:54:07,327 --> 00:54:11,373 They explained to us that when they were losing the battle, 1068 00:54:12,082 --> 00:54:14,209 Bob's music really gave them 1069 00:54:14,293 --> 00:54:16,378 so much hope and confidence. 1070 00:54:17,504 --> 00:54:19,840 It was Bob's music that won the war. 1071 00:54:22,676 --> 00:54:24,887 [Diane Jobson] When the Berlin Wall was being torn down, 1072 00:54:24,970 --> 00:54:26,370 they were playing Bob Marley music. 1073 00:54:27,181 --> 00:54:30,058 Anytime in any world crisis, 1074 00:54:30,142 --> 00:54:31,769 they play Bob Marley music. 1075 00:54:32,394 --> 00:54:34,897 It's a message that's relevant now, 1076 00:54:34,980 --> 00:54:37,399 even more so than 40 years ago. 1077 00:54:38,859 --> 00:54:40,699 [Roger Steffens] Everywhere in the world today, 1078 00:54:40,736 --> 00:54:43,113 Bob Marley is the symbol of freedom. 1079 00:54:44,156 --> 00:54:46,450 Wherever widows need solace, 1080 00:54:46,533 --> 00:54:50,454 wherever freedom fighters need to be convinced 1081 00:54:50,537 --> 00:54:52,956 of the righteousness of their tasks, 1082 00:54:53,332 --> 00:54:57,044 they're going to be singing the anthems of Bob Marley. 1083 00:54:57,669 --> 00:55:00,297 I know I am of benefit to the people, you know? 1084 00:55:00,380 --> 00:55:03,008 That's the only consciousness I have of myself, 1085 00:55:03,091 --> 00:55:06,470 that I can be beneficial to a people. 1086 00:55:11,099 --> 00:55:13,185 [Laurie Gunst] When I think about how the shooting 1087 00:55:13,268 --> 00:55:16,605 affected Bob's vision of the world and his hope for the future, 1088 00:55:16,688 --> 00:55:19,399 I think about the lyrics of "Redemption Song" 1089 00:55:19,483 --> 00:55:20,692 and the lines that go, 1090 00:55:20,776 --> 00:55:23,153 "How long shall they kill our prophets 1091 00:55:23,487 --> 00:55:25,656 while we stand aside and look?" 1092 00:55:26,490 --> 00:55:28,784 You realize that what Marley is talking about 1093 00:55:28,867 --> 00:55:30,911 is the entire history of Jamaica. 1094 00:55:31,787 --> 00:55:35,457 That's both a lament for the past 1095 00:55:35,916 --> 00:55:38,752 and a kind of hope for the future. 1096 00:55:39,628 --> 00:55:42,548 ♪ Another song of freedom ♪ 1097 00:55:43,757 --> 00:55:46,426 ♪ Is all I ever have ♪ 1098 00:55:49,596 --> 00:55:52,182 ♪ Redemption songs ♪