1
00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000
Downloaded from
YTS.MX
2
00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000
Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX
3
00:00:13,120 --> 00:00:18,320
[man] Normal people caught up in
situations can commit monstrous deeds.
4
00:00:18,400 --> 00:00:22,360
The deeds were monstrous, but
the man himself is not a monster.
5
00:00:22,440 --> 00:00:25,680
[eerie music]
6
00:00:25,760 --> 00:00:31,680
[man 2] Why does this country go about
its business in the face of a president
7
00:00:31,760 --> 00:00:34,920
whose behavior can be categorized
as radically evil
8
00:00:35,000 --> 00:00:39,400
to the well-being of the country
and perhaps even the world?
9
00:00:41,640 --> 00:00:45,640
[man 3] The power of
ideological certainty today
10
00:00:45,720 --> 00:00:49,800
is really heavily driven
by a fear of loneliness.
11
00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:57,200
[woman] There is just meeting people
and asking them, what is truth?
12
00:00:57,280 --> 00:00:59,280
What is white and what is black?
13
00:00:59,360 --> 00:01:04,000
That's great, but just be careful,
don't be executed like Socrates!
14
00:01:04,080 --> 00:01:09,280
[electronic music]
15
00:01:16,040 --> 00:01:19,720
[Nelly yelps] I am not a monster!
16
00:01:20,720 --> 00:01:21,640
Action!
17
00:01:21,720 --> 00:01:24,600
[rock music playing]
18
00:01:30,480 --> 00:01:31,840
{\an8}I am Nelly Ben Hayoun.
19
00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:36,720
{\an8}I run a tuition-free university called
the University of the Underground.
20
00:01:36,800 --> 00:01:41,440
{\an8}I decided to find the origins of knowledge
and bring it back to my students,
21
00:01:41,520 --> 00:01:43,040
{\an8}in my suitcase.
22
00:01:44,520 --> 00:01:45,440
What is knowledge?
23
00:01:46,520 --> 00:01:47,960
Who owns our thoughts?
24
00:01:49,040 --> 00:01:50,360
Can a monster think?
25
00:01:51,400 --> 00:01:52,800
Am I a monster?
26
00:01:53,880 --> 00:01:55,320
Are you a monster?
27
00:01:58,000 --> 00:02:01,240
For this journey,
I have a partner in crime.
28
00:02:01,320 --> 00:02:04,000
Her name was Hannah Arendt.
29
00:02:04,080 --> 00:02:05,360
{\an8}She is dead.
30
00:02:05,440 --> 00:02:07,080
{\an8}She was a political theorist.
31
00:02:07,160 --> 00:02:11,360
[Pussy Riot music playing]
32
00:02:12,600 --> 00:02:14,520
-Bonjour!
-Madam!
33
00:02:14,600 --> 00:02:16,680
I am delighted to meet you. What an honor.
34
00:02:18,880 --> 00:02:23,680
I think that Hannah Arendt
and her philosophy is very much a part
35
00:02:23,760 --> 00:02:26,200
of all my conversations
with every thinker we meet.
36
00:02:26,280 --> 00:02:28,520
-I see.
-And I'm impersonating her,
37
00:02:28,600 --> 00:02:32,760
-as you can see.
-That's what you were doing.
38
00:02:32,840 --> 00:02:35,560
Did you recognize the outfit
or not at all?
39
00:02:35,640 --> 00:02:39,400
Now I know what you are talking
about of course I knew her, of course,
40
00:02:39,480 --> 00:02:41,920
that's not the way that I
would see her dressed.
41
00:02:42,840 --> 00:02:46,440
{\an8}I met her in 1972, in April.
42
00:02:46,520 --> 00:02:50,800
{\an8}She was invited to speak at the…
43
00:02:50,880 --> 00:02:54,200
at my college, but not by me.
44
00:02:54,280 --> 00:02:57,160
At that time, I wasn't interested
in her work.
45
00:02:57,240 --> 00:02:59,880
-Hannah Arendt as a political theorist?
-No, I think…
46
00:02:59,960 --> 00:03:02,280
Is she dead? Is she alive?
47
00:03:02,360 --> 00:03:04,360
-Hannah no…
-I mean just,
48
00:03:04,440 --> 00:03:06,640
The basics, because we need to cover them
49
00:03:06,720 --> 00:03:08,120
and then we can go in.
50
00:03:08,200 --> 00:03:10,760
If you were going back
to the basics of the basics.
51
00:03:10,840 --> 00:03:14,320
-Physically, we know she was born in 1906.
-Who is she?
52
00:03:14,400 --> 00:03:16,640
-Hannah Arendt was born in 1906,
-[laughs]
53
00:03:16,720 --> 00:03:18,240
and dies in 1975.
54
00:03:18,320 --> 00:03:21,960
When she died we know she had
some admirers,
55
00:03:22,040 --> 00:03:23,400
and people…
56
00:03:23,480 --> 00:03:24,520
Now.
57
00:03:24,600 --> 00:03:30,440
In the second decade of our century
58
00:03:30,520 --> 00:03:34,920
I think she was increasingly recognized
as one of the most important
59
00:03:35,000 --> 00:03:37,000
political thinkers of the 20th Century.
60
00:03:37,080 --> 00:03:40,960
If we see what's happening,
not just in the United States
61
00:03:41,040 --> 00:03:42,920
but throughout the world,
62
00:03:43,000 --> 00:03:45,440
the move to authoritarianism,
63
00:03:45,520 --> 00:03:48,040
the uses of propaganda,
64
00:03:48,120 --> 00:03:50,600
[Mumbles]
65
00:03:50,680 --> 00:03:55,000
the systematic lying that is taking place,
the disregarding of facts,
66
00:03:55,080 --> 00:03:58,680
these are all things that she pointed out
67
00:03:58,760 --> 00:04:03,360
as being characteristic of, for her,
68
00:04:03,440 --> 00:04:07,880
of the 20th century and when Hannah
Arendt ends her book on
69
00:04:07,960 --> 00:04:10,400
the origins of totalitarianism she says
70
00:04:10,480 --> 00:04:15,560
that the
totalitarian regimes like Hitler and
71
00:04:15,640 --> 00:04:19,200
Stalin may end but the temptation
72
00:04:19,279 --> 00:04:22,680
to use totalitarian means will persist.
73
00:04:22,760 --> 00:04:25,520
I think that's the world
that we are living in today.
74
00:04:25,600 --> 00:04:27,040
When it comes to ideology,
75
00:04:27,120 --> 00:04:30,960
you know an understanding of how an
ideology
76
00:04:32,520 --> 00:04:35,080
-takes shape and forms.
-Yes, yes.
77
00:04:35,160 --> 00:04:37,280
I'm really intrigued,
78
00:04:37,800 --> 00:04:42,640
you know, as an educator and
running a tuition-free university,
79
00:04:42,720 --> 00:04:46,480
some notion of developing
a form of education,
80
00:04:46,560 --> 00:04:48,000
that, in itself,
81
00:04:49,080 --> 00:04:52,000
-perhaps develops a form of ideology.
-No.
82
00:04:52,080 --> 00:04:54,880
Ideology for her was
always a negative term.
83
00:04:54,960 --> 00:04:59,880
For her it is not a question of a
good ideology or a bad ideology.
84
00:05:00,640 --> 00:05:05,200
Ideology for her becomes a kind of system,
85
00:05:06,800 --> 00:05:11,920
it had a kind of consistent system
that tries to explain everything.
86
00:05:12,440 --> 00:05:15,760
Ideology involves a
certain kind of unanimity,
87
00:05:15,840 --> 00:05:18,280
everybody thinking in
the same kind of way,
88
00:05:18,360 --> 00:05:23,000
everybody adopting the same type of
procedure so she is very critical
89
00:05:23,080 --> 00:05:24,600
of the notion of ideology.
90
00:05:24,680 --> 00:05:29,640
[Beeping sounds]
91
00:05:41,720 --> 00:05:43,120
So how should I address you?
92
00:05:43,200 --> 00:05:45,640
-Like a Lord…
-If you want…
93
00:05:45,720 --> 00:05:49,480
{\an8}You, personally,
I'd say you can call me Mayor.
94
00:05:49,560 --> 00:05:54,680
{\an8}The official title is
His Right Worshipful,
95
00:05:55,360 --> 00:05:56,480
[laughter]
96
00:05:57,480 --> 00:06:00,280
The official title is
His Right Worshipful,
97
00:06:00,360 --> 00:06:01,600
First Citizen,
98
00:06:01,680 --> 00:06:05,240
the Lord Mayor of Sheffield,
Council of Magid!
99
00:06:05,320 --> 00:06:08,600
But I don't expect people to call me that.
Just call me Magid.
100
00:06:12,160 --> 00:06:15,800
-So welcome to Sheffield's Town Hall.
-Yes.
101
00:06:17,040 --> 00:06:18,680
Please let me explain this,
102
00:06:19,520 --> 00:06:24,040
this is the Ante Room and
this is the portraits
103
00:06:24,120 --> 00:06:25,920
of all the old former Lord Mayor's.
104
00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:30,600
This is the first one we've got a picture
of goes before so we have got a picture.
105
00:06:31,120 --> 00:06:34,480
And all these are former Lord Mayors.
106
00:06:34,560 --> 00:06:36,960
And for me when I came here I thought
107
00:06:37,040 --> 00:06:40,000
well, this picture that I have
is going to outdate me
108
00:06:40,080 --> 00:06:43,080
well past I'm dead,
this picture will still be there.
109
00:06:43,160 --> 00:06:46,720
So I'm looking and I'm like:
"They don't tell a story."
110
00:06:47,760 --> 00:06:51,040
Maybe tell a story that
everybody was the same, maybe?
111
00:06:51,120 --> 00:06:55,960
But to me it would've been beautiful if
every picture told a specific story
112
00:06:56,040 --> 00:06:59,320
of their time, just told a
story in some sense, right?
113
00:06:59,400 --> 00:07:02,600
So, I thought I'm going to do
a completely different one.
114
00:07:02,680 --> 00:07:06,560
I'll bring my own photographer in
and when I told the council establishment
115
00:07:06,640 --> 00:07:08,840
lost their shit.
116
00:07:08,920 --> 00:07:12,360
They said 'you are coming and you want to
break tradition
117
00:07:12,440 --> 00:07:14,640
and what's the point
of you being Lord Mayor?
118
00:07:14,720 --> 00:07:16,400
You're going to ruin everything!
119
00:07:16,480 --> 00:07:19,040
They didn't understand why I was doing it.
120
00:07:19,120 --> 00:07:22,600
I always find that establishments
and certain people and hierarchies
121
00:07:22,680 --> 00:07:25,480
they always say 'but we have
always done it like this'.
122
00:07:25,560 --> 00:07:28,800
That's not an excuse to say
we've always done it like this.
123
00:07:28,880 --> 00:07:32,840
We had the tradition where women were
not allowed to vote that was a tradition.
124
00:07:32,920 --> 00:07:33,840
You know.
125
00:07:33,920 --> 00:07:38,520
But traditions come and go and you learn
new things and you realize that was dumb
126
00:07:38,600 --> 00:07:42,600
stupid shit that we used to do and you
educate yourself and you move forward.
127
00:07:42,680 --> 00:07:44,920
But sometimes people are scared of change!
128
00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:48,800
{\an8}-That was taken just here, right?
-This was taken downstairs.
129
00:07:48,880 --> 00:07:51,560
And you picked the frame and everything?
130
00:07:51,640 --> 00:07:56,360
Yes, basically. What happens is,
you start of in color
131
00:07:56,440 --> 00:08:00,040
and when you finish,
you go back to black and white.
132
00:08:00,120 --> 00:08:06,080
So basically everything that I am wearing
I kind of chose because I wanted
133
00:08:06,160 --> 00:08:09,640
to give the impression that I'm serious
but at the same time I'm here
134
00:08:09,720 --> 00:08:11,240
to do things differently.
135
00:08:11,320 --> 00:08:15,880
{\an8}That's why I wearing my boots,
everything I kind of thought of.
136
00:08:17,600 --> 00:08:21,680
This room is the full council room.
It's called the Council Chamber.
137
00:08:21,760 --> 00:08:26,640
The main purpose, is once a month
on the first Wednesday of every month
138
00:08:26,720 --> 00:08:28,400
we hold a council meeting.
139
00:08:28,480 --> 00:08:33,240
This is where people debate,
all of the councilors debate.
140
00:08:33,320 --> 00:08:37,760
This is where we pass motions and policies
that affect everyone in Sheffield.
141
00:08:37,840 --> 00:08:43,400
In this room there as you're coming in
you have got a lady called, it's a lady,
142
00:08:43,480 --> 00:08:45,720
she's called the Mace Bearer.
143
00:08:45,800 --> 00:08:49,560
So the lady who's the Mace Bearer,
she has this on her shoulder
144
00:08:49,640 --> 00:08:52,240
and she walks and says:
'Please up, standing'.
145
00:08:52,320 --> 00:08:55,800
But no decisions can be made
without this present in the city.
146
00:08:55,880 --> 00:09:00,960
All be standing for his Right Worshipful
Mayor Magid and everybody stands up,
147
00:09:01,560 --> 00:09:05,240
and I'm thinking I'm wearing a T-shirt
saying "Donald Trump is a Wasteman"
148
00:09:05,320 --> 00:09:06,560
and a sombrero.
149
00:09:06,640 --> 00:09:10,080
I'm a human at the end of the day,
I'm a bit nervous
150
00:09:10,160 --> 00:09:14,520
and I'm thinking "Am I actually going
to go and Chair this meeting?"
151
00:09:14,600 --> 00:09:18,360
I walk in an I'm like "Please be seated".
And everybody sits.
152
00:09:18,440 --> 00:09:20,760
And I get into the meeting very serious
153
00:09:20,840 --> 00:09:24,120
and I get it into my head "What the fuck
is going on?" [Giggles]
154
00:09:24,200 --> 00:09:28,920
But for me to make the point but then
I was talking about what I was doing
155
00:09:29,000 --> 00:09:33,840
and ask why are you doing that and
this and it's a bit of a pantomime,
156
00:09:33,920 --> 00:09:35,600
people argue and everything,
157
00:09:36,160 --> 00:09:40,480
it's very dramatic because you have
people from the gallery shouting "SHAME!"
158
00:09:40,560 --> 00:09:44,320
Really, it's quite something.
159
00:09:44,400 --> 00:09:47,600
It's passionate. I came to
Sheffield when I was five years old,
160
00:09:47,680 --> 00:09:51,840
came as refugees, couldn't speak
any English couldn't do anything,
161
00:09:51,920 --> 00:09:54,880
when you are a child you adapt
to things very, very quickly,
162
00:09:55,560 --> 00:10:00,440
and I went to school here and
even as a child I…
163
00:10:00,520 --> 00:10:03,600
When I grow up I want to be an elephant.
164
00:10:03,680 --> 00:10:08,760
Then I realized I couldn't be an elephant
then I found I wanted be an astronaut.
165
00:10:08,840 --> 00:10:12,320
I never really properly knew
what I wanted to do so
166
00:10:12,400 --> 00:10:15,960
if you were to tell that I was going to be
Lord Mayor… Impossible.
167
00:10:16,040 --> 00:10:21,400
So, people always ask me when I was
growing up who was your role model?
168
00:10:21,480 --> 00:10:22,320
Yes.
169
00:10:23,960 --> 00:10:26,400
I wouldn't say that I had
a specific person.
170
00:10:26,480 --> 00:10:28,480
For me the role model was the Internet.
171
00:10:28,560 --> 00:10:31,560
So, I would usually use the internet.
172
00:10:31,640 --> 00:10:36,040
When I was feeling down I would
use the internet to cheer myself up,
173
00:10:36,120 --> 00:10:37,920
or learning things.
174
00:10:38,000 --> 00:10:40,360
The internet was everything because
175
00:10:40,440 --> 00:10:44,000
although I lived in a small
part of Sheffield it was the whole world.
176
00:10:44,080 --> 00:10:48,880
I would go to the internet, my source
of knowledge was the Internet.
177
00:10:53,520 --> 00:10:55,440
Where is the source of knowledge?
178
00:10:56,280 --> 00:11:02,040
It was the wealthy people that decided the
future and the education of other people.
179
00:11:02,120 --> 00:11:06,480
Now the amazing thing is that we don't
have to rely on the rich people
180
00:11:06,560 --> 00:11:11,120
because we've sources like the Internet
and so many other ways to gain knowledge.
181
00:11:11,200 --> 00:11:14,120
Whereas before knowledge, you can say,
was limited.
182
00:11:14,200 --> 00:11:17,280
You have to go out of your way
to find knowledge.
183
00:11:18,440 --> 00:11:23,880
That's why you hear crazy stories of
people traveling just to gain knowledge.
184
00:11:24,560 --> 00:11:28,240
I think Sheffield has got
a history of radical history,
185
00:11:29,080 --> 00:11:32,280
political radicalism so for
example the Suffragette movement,
186
00:11:32,360 --> 00:11:35,120
women getting the vote in the UK,
started in Sheffield
187
00:11:35,200 --> 00:11:38,080
and the first Women Suffrage Society was
188
00:11:38,160 --> 00:11:43,680
based in Sheffield and then you have got
a lady called Mary Ann Rosen who helped
189
00:11:43,760 --> 00:11:46,600
abolish slave trade in the UK.
190
00:11:47,600 --> 00:11:48,920
I think one of the reasons,
191
00:11:49,000 --> 00:11:52,280
if I'm being honest with you, why I've
gathered so much attention
192
00:11:52,360 --> 00:11:55,240
is because it's down
to a failed democracy.
193
00:11:55,320 --> 00:11:58,480
What I mean by that is, if you look at all
forms of government,
194
00:11:58,560 --> 00:12:00,560
local and national government,
195
00:12:00,640 --> 00:12:05,240
the people who are there to lead to
represent us do not reflect
196
00:12:05,320 --> 00:12:07,440
the people that they're meant
to represent.
197
00:12:07,520 --> 00:12:10,880
For example, look at our government,
the cabinet members,
198
00:12:10,960 --> 00:12:13,800
they are all millionaires so
how on earth are they meant
199
00:12:13,880 --> 00:12:15,560
to understand child poverty?
200
00:12:16,400 --> 00:12:19,360
How are they meant to really
understand the benefits that
201
00:12:19,440 --> 00:12:21,280
the Arts bring to the deprived?
202
00:12:21,360 --> 00:12:25,040
Because they just have had everything
accessible to them very easily.
203
00:12:25,120 --> 00:12:29,120
One of the ways to control power is
to make everyone look stupid
204
00:12:29,200 --> 00:12:33,120
so that they haven't got the
knowledge to really take control.
205
00:12:33,200 --> 00:12:38,720
If everybody understood that the power
is with the majority and not the minority
206
00:12:38,800 --> 00:12:40,880
we could easily overturn things.
207
00:12:40,960 --> 00:12:44,280
But if you're at the top, and you want
to remain there, one method
208
00:12:44,360 --> 00:12:46,400
you use is to make everyone else
not so smart.
209
00:12:47,320 --> 00:12:52,000
{\an8}Political thinkers are really important
because they introduce one idea
210
00:12:52,080 --> 00:12:55,480
{\an8}or one theme which is basic.
211
00:12:55,560 --> 00:12:59,960
The theme that Arendt introduces
that's fundamental to all our thinking
212
00:13:00,040 --> 00:13:01,400
is plurality.
213
00:13:01,960 --> 00:13:06,920
And plurality she means that
for each of us we are born into the world
214
00:13:07,000 --> 00:13:09,520
and we have a different perspective on it.
215
00:13:09,600 --> 00:13:10,880
Politics!!!
216
00:13:10,960 --> 00:13:13,160
There is no politics without plurality.
217
00:13:13,680 --> 00:13:19,840
This is why much of what we call politics
today is a disaster
218
00:13:19,920 --> 00:13:23,520
and the attempt to get
unanimity of opinion
219
00:13:23,600 --> 00:13:26,200
kills politics, it kills plurality.
220
00:13:26,720 --> 00:13:30,400
This is a deep, deep theme
in Arendt's thinking.
221
00:13:31,200 --> 00:13:33,760
[Stammers]
222
00:13:33,840 --> 00:13:36,160
When she speaks about
the condition for action,
223
00:13:36,240 --> 00:13:38,120
political action is plurality.
224
00:13:38,200 --> 00:13:41,920
[Electronic music playing]
225
00:13:47,680 --> 00:13:51,640
It gives me great pleasure to hereby
declare
226
00:13:51,720 --> 00:13:53,840
that the great City of Sheffield
227
00:13:53,920 --> 00:13:59,880
has voted in favour of having
a tuition-free university
228
00:13:59,960 --> 00:14:04,360
and free education to every
single citizen in Sheffield.
229
00:14:05,400 --> 00:14:11,280
[Old-fashioned music]
230
00:14:27,640 --> 00:14:28,760
[Loud laughter]
231
00:14:28,840 --> 00:14:31,600
[Electronic laughter]
232
00:14:32,240 --> 00:14:34,400
[Vocalizing]
233
00:14:40,360 --> 00:14:44,400
You talk about the Internet as being
the place where we can kind of share and
234
00:14:44,480 --> 00:14:48,640
communicate a certain form of
knowledge from generation to another,
235
00:14:48,720 --> 00:14:52,720
the ancient form of homosapiens or
Neanderthal didn't need the internet to
236
00:14:52,800 --> 00:14:55,360
share their knowledge?
237
00:14:55,440 --> 00:15:00,440
{\an8}Oh, no, no! The Internet is
just the newest step in the path,
238
00:15:00,520 --> 00:15:04,600
{\an8}but it's an amazing step,
because not only is it a mechanism
239
00:15:04,680 --> 00:15:08,440
of moving information around,
there are computers in the mix.
240
00:15:08,520 --> 00:15:12,680
These computers are
starting to become interesting.
241
00:15:12,760 --> 00:15:17,000
We wanted to make it so people would turn
to their machines to answer questions.
242
00:15:17,520 --> 00:15:22,200
Even in the '80s this was a radical idea.
243
00:15:22,280 --> 00:15:24,720
Then we wanted to make
everyone into a publisher.
244
00:15:24,800 --> 00:15:26,880
It felt like a radical idea.
245
00:15:26,960 --> 00:15:30,800
Now these things are
commonplace and it's what we do.
246
00:15:32,280 --> 00:15:34,720
So, where does it go from here?
247
00:15:34,800 --> 00:15:38,960
How do we make it
so that everybody's ideas
248
00:15:39,040 --> 00:15:43,440
are worth propagating and are
propagated to the right places
249
00:15:43,520 --> 00:15:46,400
and we
build on and keep the diversity and the
250
00:15:46,480 --> 00:15:48,600
wackiness that people are.
251
00:15:48,680 --> 00:15:51,480
So this is the Head Quarters
of the Internet Archive.
252
00:15:53,280 --> 00:15:56,440
These are the people that are dedicating
their lives towards
253
00:15:56,520 --> 00:15:59,960
making information permanently
available to anyone anywhere for free.
254
00:16:00,760 --> 00:16:02,280
We don't charge for anything.
255
00:16:02,360 --> 00:16:06,800
The idea is to try and live
and build the Internet ideal
256
00:16:07,320 --> 00:16:09,720
of universal access to all knowledge.
257
00:16:09,800 --> 00:16:14,040
-We digitize 1,000 books every day.
-1,000 books?
258
00:16:14,120 --> 00:16:16,200
How many machines do you have like this?
259
00:16:16,280 --> 00:16:19,960
Hundreds. We are digitizing in
many different countries.
260
00:16:20,040 --> 00:16:24,440
So we go and we find what
are the things that should live.
261
00:16:24,520 --> 00:16:30,600
The Family Matters, two centuries of
families in law from Ontario, Canada.
262
00:16:30,680 --> 00:16:33,920
Who makes the choice of
which bits should go first?
263
00:16:34,000 --> 00:16:39,120
Often, it's the libraries and
they pay us 12 cents a page.
264
00:16:39,200 --> 00:16:42,640
And then we digitize them
and then make them available.
265
00:16:42,720 --> 00:16:47,920
Or people donate them to us and we want
to one copy of everything ever published.
266
00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:52,040
[Electronic music]
267
00:16:55,760 --> 00:16:59,040
These are the servers
of the Internet Archive.
268
00:16:59,560 --> 00:17:02,600
It's about 10 Petabytes of data.
269
00:17:02,680 --> 00:17:06,200
-It goes Mega, Gigga, Tera, Peta.
-Mm-hm.
270
00:17:06,280 --> 00:17:08,520
This is 10 Petabytes on both sides.
271
00:17:08,599 --> 00:17:12,160
Out of the 40-petabyte
collection of the Internet Archive.
272
00:17:12,240 --> 00:17:16,599
And, the cool thing about this one is
that the lights actually mean something.
273
00:17:16,680 --> 00:17:21,359
Every time a light blinks somebody is
either uploading or downloading something
274
00:17:21,440 --> 00:17:22,880
from the Internet Archive.
275
00:17:22,960 --> 00:17:26,640
I think of it as like
open stacks of a library.
276
00:17:26,720 --> 00:17:31,040
You know when you go into a library and
you can pull the books in the library.
277
00:17:31,120 --> 00:17:33,720
-Yes.
-But this is even better.
278
00:17:33,800 --> 00:17:38,120
You can see that the book is
being read by somebody in the world.
279
00:17:39,480 --> 00:17:42,200
-Do you sit here sometimes and just…?
-Oh, yeah.
280
00:17:42,880 --> 00:17:45,520
-Isn't it beautiful? Yes.
-Is it 24 hours?
281
00:17:45,600 --> 00:17:47,800
What happens when there is no electricity?
282
00:17:47,880 --> 00:17:48,800
It goes dark.
283
00:17:49,360 --> 00:17:50,200
And…?
284
00:17:50,760 --> 00:17:53,000
Nobody has access to this copy.
285
00:17:53,080 --> 00:17:56,880
Fortunately, we have another copy
that's in Richmond California.
286
00:17:56,960 --> 00:18:01,760
And we have a partial copy in Amsterdam
and a partial copy in Alexandria, Egypt,
287
00:18:02,600 --> 00:18:03,440
For real.
288
00:18:03,520 --> 00:18:07,120
-Who are all these people?
-They are us!
289
00:18:07,200 --> 00:18:08,280
They're us.
290
00:18:08,360 --> 00:18:12,960
These are people that have spent their
lives building the Internet Archive.
291
00:18:13,040 --> 00:18:16,800
It's like the Terracotta Soldiers
from Xi'an, China.
292
00:18:16,880 --> 00:18:20,240
Alright? If you work for the
Archive for three years,
293
00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:22,240
we make a little statue.
294
00:18:22,320 --> 00:18:23,400
That's me.
295
00:18:24,640 --> 00:18:28,280
This is, there is just more
and more and more and more.
296
00:18:28,360 --> 00:18:29,600
These are just…
297
00:18:29,680 --> 00:18:30,680
[Claps his hands.]
298
00:18:30,760 --> 00:18:33,040
-More super computers.
-This is the Internet.
299
00:18:33,560 --> 00:18:35,320
This is the World Wide Web.
300
00:18:35,400 --> 00:18:39,080
[Both] Universal access to all knowledge.
301
00:18:40,160 --> 00:18:41,320
What does that mean?
302
00:18:41,400 --> 00:18:45,480
Soooo, we started building this collection
303
00:18:46,320 --> 00:18:50,800
to try to be a basic core archive
304
00:18:51,480 --> 00:18:54,000
that could then be built into a library
305
00:18:54,080 --> 00:18:57,600
that then people could use for education,
306
00:18:57,680 --> 00:18:59,520
for journalism,
307
00:18:59,600 --> 00:19:04,360
for dreaming and then we want
to take that work
308
00:19:04,440 --> 00:19:06,440
and put it back in.
309
00:19:06,520 --> 00:19:08,800
So it's just a cycle back through.
310
00:19:08,880 --> 00:19:14,280
[Japanese instruments]
311
00:19:17,560 --> 00:19:19,440
What do you think about VR?
312
00:19:19,520 --> 00:19:21,920
Would you use it? How would you use it?
313
00:19:22,000 --> 00:19:23,680
Who do you pull into this space?
314
00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:27,480
What do you think are
the technical applications?
315
00:19:27,560 --> 00:19:30,800
The educational applications?
The professional applications?
316
00:19:31,320 --> 00:19:35,360
If you had to pull a group together to
think about the future of this technology,
317
00:19:35,440 --> 00:19:37,680
who would you include in that group?
318
00:19:39,320 --> 00:19:42,360
What do you think are the strengths
and what are the pitfalls?
319
00:19:43,840 --> 00:19:46,840
What about Google, she died before Google.
320
00:19:46,920 --> 00:19:49,520
What would she think Google?
Don't you want to ask that?
321
00:20:01,000 --> 00:20:02,560
Hannah.
322
00:20:02,640 --> 00:20:04,320
Yes you don't know about this.
323
00:20:04,400 --> 00:20:07,840
VR as in virtual reality
324
00:20:07,920 --> 00:20:11,040
is an interactive computer-generated
experience
325
00:20:11,120 --> 00:20:15,920
that usually we will enter this virtual
world by putting some goggles on.
326
00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:21,520
AR as in augmented reality is when
there is some digital elements
327
00:20:21,600 --> 00:20:24,320
that add themselves to the reality
328
00:20:24,400 --> 00:20:27,920
through the lens of a camera
or a Smart Phone.
329
00:20:28,000 --> 00:20:29,160
I hope that make sense.
330
00:20:29,240 --> 00:20:31,560
If you think about Google's core mission.
331
00:20:31,640 --> 00:20:36,760
{\an8}It's, you know, organizing the world's
information in a useful way.
332
00:20:36,840 --> 00:20:41,400
{\an8}And in a universally accessible way.
And often times we viewed VR
333
00:20:41,480 --> 00:20:46,200
as making experiences more accessible.
334
00:20:46,280 --> 00:20:50,160
So, I would say we refer less to knowledge
and more to information.
335
00:20:50,240 --> 00:20:54,840
I do think that if you look at
AR for example AR is adding
336
00:20:54,920 --> 00:20:57,280
intelligent layers onto reality.
337
00:20:57,360 --> 00:21:00,680
Kind of like can we help guide
you to help you understand the world
338
00:21:00,760 --> 00:21:01,920
by using technology?
339
00:21:02,000 --> 00:21:04,680
That comes with a lot of responsibility.
340
00:21:04,760 --> 00:21:08,400
You can do many powerful things with these
technologies, now's the time
341
00:21:08,480 --> 00:21:11,120
to build new spaces and see how people
are using them.
342
00:21:11,200 --> 00:21:17,200
Do we consider VR as being the future
or where the future is heading or not?
343
00:21:17,280 --> 00:21:22,880
VR, AR immersive technologies is
like giving people superpowers. Right?
344
00:21:22,960 --> 00:21:24,600
"I can take you anywhere."
345
00:21:24,680 --> 00:21:26,400
"I can bring anything to you."
346
00:21:26,480 --> 00:21:28,680
I can translate things in real-time.
347
00:21:28,760 --> 00:21:31,880
It's sort of like
348
00:21:31,960 --> 00:21:37,120
embellishing things that you already do,
but making them even more powerful.
349
00:21:38,600 --> 00:21:42,080
And that takes way more than one team.
Right?
350
00:21:42,160 --> 00:21:45,160
So like one dream I have is:
Could we recreate a Zoo in VR?
351
00:21:45,240 --> 00:21:47,040
You don't have to have real zoos,
352
00:21:47,120 --> 00:21:49,880
Maybe kids could go to the zoo
and see the giraffes.
353
00:21:49,960 --> 00:21:53,000
The giraffes live in the wild
but you just get to see them in VR
354
00:21:53,080 --> 00:21:54,840
and they can get really close.
355
00:21:54,920 --> 00:21:58,680
So really yes it is about knowledge and
bringing that knowledge to you
356
00:21:58,760 --> 00:22:02,560
and helping you add intelligent layers
to what you are looking at.
357
00:22:02,640 --> 00:22:05,840
In this context, what is education?
358
00:22:05,920 --> 00:22:08,200
{\an8}I think Hannah Arendt,
359
00:22:08,280 --> 00:22:13,000
{\an8}the best characterization of her
is an independent thinker.
360
00:22:13,080 --> 00:22:15,720
{\an8}In German, a selbstdenker.
361
00:22:15,800 --> 00:22:18,400
She did not belong to any school.
362
00:22:18,480 --> 00:22:19,920
She was not a Marxist.
363
00:22:20,000 --> 00:22:25,440
She was not a Liberal and I think one of
the reasons why Hannah…
364
00:22:25,520 --> 00:22:28,440
Hannah Arendt is enjoying such
a renaissance now
365
00:22:28,520 --> 00:22:33,920
is that, as ideologies fall apart,
one can see fresh thinking.
366
00:22:34,000 --> 00:22:34,840
Okay?
367
00:22:36,160 --> 00:22:39,440
And there are many aspects of Arendt,
368
00:22:39,960 --> 00:22:45,440
which to some people will seem radical and
to other people will seem conservative.
369
00:22:46,280 --> 00:22:50,040
In one respect she was very
conservative about education.
370
00:22:50,880 --> 00:22:56,280
She thought that people had to be well
educated and that really
371
00:22:56,360 --> 00:22:59,280
education should be separate
from politics.
372
00:22:59,360 --> 00:23:02,120
{\an8}[loud music and ticking sound]
373
00:23:07,440 --> 00:23:10,560
{\an8}This is a model
of the 1949 British economy
374
00:23:10,640 --> 00:23:14,600
{\an8}invented by Bill Phillips
and Walter Newlyn.
375
00:23:14,680 --> 00:23:19,760
And it's a metaphor about money and water.
376
00:23:19,840 --> 00:23:22,120
You have income streams, cashflows,
377
00:23:22,200 --> 00:23:26,240
liquidity, siphoning off, etc.
378
00:23:26,320 --> 00:23:30,320
And this isn't just a metaphor though,
this is actually an analogue computer.
379
00:23:30,400 --> 00:23:34,120
It takes that metaphor
and actually calibrates it.
380
00:23:34,200 --> 00:23:38,080
So, the water flows through here
and the water represents the money,
381
00:23:38,160 --> 00:23:40,280
the flow of money in the economy.
382
00:23:40,360 --> 00:23:43,680
Can we fast-forward to where we are now?
383
00:23:43,760 --> 00:23:44,720
A little bit.
384
00:23:44,800 --> 00:23:48,440
It ran into problems in the 1970s,
when they had stagflation
385
00:23:48,520 --> 00:23:51,400
-because this doesn't model inflation.
-Let's look at how this works?
386
00:23:51,480 --> 00:23:54,080
I'll switch it on, water goes everywhere!
387
00:23:54,160 --> 00:23:56,520
Then you and I can make a machine
for knowledge as well.
388
00:23:56,600 --> 00:23:59,000
Sure. That would be really good.
I'd like that.
389
00:23:59,080 --> 00:24:01,040
-[Allan] Ready?
-[Nelly] Yes.
390
00:24:02,240 --> 00:24:06,000
[machine buzzes and churns]
391
00:24:06,080 --> 00:24:07,840
Who pays for the University Education?
392
00:24:07,920 --> 00:24:13,480
It used to be that the government would
pay, but they want to shut this one down.
393
00:24:13,560 --> 00:24:17,480
What they decide to do, we're going to
shut this down and make the students pay.
394
00:24:17,560 --> 00:24:22,400
So the students then have to pay.
But the students haven't got any money.
395
00:24:22,480 --> 00:24:24,400
So how do the students get the money?
396
00:24:24,480 --> 00:24:28,680
The government borrows it from the bank
along here from the student loan company,
397
00:24:28,760 --> 00:24:30,920
and pushes it back along there.
398
00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:34,360
Puts it through there. Instead of going
through here, it goes though there.
399
00:24:34,440 --> 00:24:36,720
It's has no effect on the economy
whatsoever.
400
00:24:36,800 --> 00:24:40,600
All the government has done
is hidden the National Debt
401
00:24:40,680 --> 00:24:43,120
in the students' bank accounts.
402
00:24:43,200 --> 00:24:46,760
So tell me, if we were using this machine
for knowledge…
403
00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:51,280
thinking in terms of stakeholders
of knowledge,
404
00:24:51,360 --> 00:24:54,280
which are a bit different
than the economy, isn't it?
405
00:24:54,360 --> 00:24:58,600
It's a really interesting idea, knowledge.
406
00:24:58,680 --> 00:25:02,040
Shall we try and make
some mapping of that?
407
00:25:02,120 --> 00:25:04,360
We can try.
408
00:25:04,440 --> 00:25:08,800
The way I would possibly do it…
So for this one,
409
00:25:08,880 --> 00:25:10,440
I'd start with birth.
410
00:25:12,440 --> 00:25:15,240
-And then death at the bottom.
-Yes.
411
00:25:15,320 --> 00:25:19,200
And I'd have a big waterfall.
Lots of people are being born.
412
00:25:19,280 --> 00:25:23,000
And they are falling down this machine.
And, eventually, they sort of die.
413
00:25:23,080 --> 00:25:26,160
But in the middle,
this is the kind of school age,
414
00:25:26,920 --> 00:25:32,800
then there is the university
age then there is the work.
415
00:25:32,880 --> 00:25:37,080
So, down here now some of these people
are employed and some are unemployed.
416
00:25:38,640 --> 00:25:40,200
Some of these are employed.
417
00:25:41,880 --> 00:25:44,560
These are at university
, the creation of knowledge.
418
00:25:44,640 --> 00:25:47,840
Who's paying for it? We've already looked
at who's paying for it.
419
00:25:47,920 --> 00:25:51,000
I have to look at my Philips
machine with all of its flows,
420
00:25:51,080 --> 00:25:52,800
the Philips machine.
421
00:25:54,120 --> 00:25:58,480
This is interesting because you are
thinking of using the Philips machine and
422
00:25:58,560 --> 00:26:01,760
sticking that one into
the Philips machine?
423
00:26:01,840 --> 00:26:02,840
This is…
424
00:26:02,920 --> 00:26:05,800
-This is parallel.
-I wanted to do an independent one.
425
00:26:05,880 --> 00:26:08,400
This is an independent machine
but they're coupled.
426
00:26:08,480 --> 00:26:11,840
-The economics is coupled to knowledge.
-Okay.
427
00:26:11,920 --> 00:26:15,240
-They are all coupled.
-Why are they coupled together?
428
00:26:15,320 --> 00:26:19,280
Because who's paying for the universities?
429
00:26:20,320 --> 00:26:22,600
Who's got all the money at the moment?
430
00:26:22,680 --> 00:26:25,880
It's Google, it's the knowledge society,
the information society.
431
00:26:25,960 --> 00:26:28,800
There is a big link between
knowledge and economics.
432
00:26:28,880 --> 00:26:32,080
Do you think it's always been like that?
Knowledge and economics?
433
00:26:32,160 --> 00:26:33,640
-Relating to each other?
-Definitely.
434
00:26:33,720 --> 00:26:37,080
It's obvious for engineers that
the industrial revolution was
435
00:26:37,160 --> 00:26:38,960
more important than the French!
436
00:26:39,040 --> 00:26:44,040
From our perspective from the wealth
that came from the industrial revolution.
437
00:26:44,720 --> 00:26:47,640
So knowledge is directly
connected to economics?
438
00:26:47,720 --> 00:26:48,520
Yes.
439
00:26:51,240 --> 00:26:55,240
So basically, if I was to bring
back something to my students.
440
00:26:55,320 --> 00:26:59,280
Water, yes water for two reasons,
441
00:26:59,360 --> 00:27:05,280
you are mostly water and water
is the starting point of everything.
442
00:27:05,800 --> 00:27:08,760
It's also a metaphor for
just about everything as well.
443
00:27:09,280 --> 00:27:11,800
It's physically,
well it all starts with water.
444
00:27:11,880 --> 00:27:16,520
[Water trickling]
445
00:27:16,600 --> 00:27:21,240
There is this belief that education and
knowledge are separated completely
446
00:27:21,320 --> 00:27:22,680
-from economics.
-Yes.
447
00:27:23,640 --> 00:27:27,360
-That is something that I am questioning.
-And I think it's…
448
00:27:27,440 --> 00:27:30,360
I think that she was so concerned
449
00:27:30,440 --> 00:27:33,960
{\an8}to make people aware…
450
00:27:34,040 --> 00:27:38,400
{\an8}Hannah Arendt was aware
of what could be the dignity of politics
451
00:27:38,480 --> 00:27:40,920
and not just in a utopian way.
452
00:27:41,000 --> 00:27:45,520
She thought that the kind of politics,
453
00:27:45,600 --> 00:27:50,120
which she sometimes would
call 'public freedom' took place.
454
00:27:50,200 --> 00:27:53,920
It took place in the Great Palace it
took place in the American Revolution,
455
00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:56,400
it took place in the Paris commune.
456
00:27:57,080 --> 00:28:01,720
It is not something that
is just a utopian idea.
457
00:28:01,800 --> 00:28:04,360
It has existed and it can exist again.
458
00:28:04,440 --> 00:28:06,160
If people create it.
459
00:28:07,560 --> 00:28:10,000
But, in her emphasis
460
00:28:10,080 --> 00:28:14,320
to underscore the dignity
and distinctiveness of politics
461
00:28:14,920 --> 00:28:18,280
she sometimes draws
a very sharp distinction,
462
00:28:18,360 --> 00:28:22,640
between what she calls
the political and the social,
463
00:28:23,160 --> 00:28:26,360
and she puts economics into the social.
464
00:28:27,040 --> 00:28:28,760
You see,
465
00:28:28,840 --> 00:28:34,280
so that she makes too greater separation
between politics and economics
466
00:28:34,360 --> 00:28:38,440
and my own criticism of Arendt would be
467
00:28:39,240 --> 00:28:43,200
if you want to take your idea…
468
00:28:43,280 --> 00:28:48,480
Arendt's idea of politics action,
and plurality seriously,
469
00:28:49,040 --> 00:28:52,840
then you have to be deeply concerned
470
00:28:52,920 --> 00:28:55,600
with the economic conditions
that make that possible.
471
00:28:56,760 --> 00:29:01,160
So, that is like an internal criticism
and I think this was a blind spot for her.
472
00:29:01,800 --> 00:29:05,600
[Vocalizing]
473
00:29:08,360 --> 00:29:10,560
-Lovely to meet you.
-Lovely to meet you too.
474
00:29:10,640 --> 00:29:14,320
This is our school and we are on the
ground floor
475
00:29:14,400 --> 00:29:17,520
there are no kids here at the moment,
they're all upstairs.
476
00:29:18,400 --> 00:29:19,880
We just came back from,
477
00:29:19,960 --> 00:29:25,600
my summer camp last week so they are
doing a reflection writing piece
478
00:29:25,680 --> 00:29:28,680
about the summer camp upstairs.
So, shall we go up?
479
00:29:28,760 --> 00:29:29,640
Yes.
480
00:29:29,720 --> 00:29:33,400
[Electronic music]
481
00:29:37,200 --> 00:29:41,880
One of the things that came up is how is
your school different from other schools?
482
00:29:41,960 --> 00:29:47,560
{\an8}One of the main features of our school is
that it is a 'concept-based curriculum.
483
00:29:47,640 --> 00:29:49,800
It's not an activities-based curriculum.
484
00:29:49,880 --> 00:29:55,600
We want our kids to absorb and appreciate
concepts to connect ideas
485
00:29:55,680 --> 00:29:58,360
and like you said before:
transdisciplinary.
486
00:29:58,440 --> 00:30:01,000
So like being able to look
at one problem from many,
487
00:30:01,080 --> 00:30:06,840
many different perspectives gaining skills
in ways of thinking in different areas
488
00:30:06,920 --> 00:30:09,840
and trying to see how they overlap,
how they connect,
489
00:30:09,920 --> 00:30:12,960
how they relate and how they're relevant
to each other.
490
00:30:13,040 --> 00:30:17,600
Each year level has free time as some
point in the week.
491
00:30:17,680 --> 00:30:21,120
Free time is literally like they
can do anything.
492
00:30:21,200 --> 00:30:23,120
We don't tell them what to do,
493
00:30:23,200 --> 00:30:25,320
they completely make up their own mind.
494
00:30:25,400 --> 00:30:27,600
They can laze around and read a book,
495
00:30:27,680 --> 00:30:29,760
they can go outside to the park.
496
00:30:29,840 --> 00:30:32,160
If they go outside they
go outside unsupervised,
497
00:30:32,240 --> 00:30:34,160
we trust their own judgment.
498
00:30:34,960 --> 00:30:39,920
It's just a really important time
when they decide what happens.
499
00:30:40,000 --> 00:30:43,560
It's almost one hundred
percent student-centered.
500
00:30:43,640 --> 00:30:47,560
[subway sounds]
501
00:30:50,960 --> 00:30:54,520
{\an8}We wanted to create a
different kind of space, you know,
502
00:30:54,600 --> 00:30:58,440
{\an8}and we saw seeing people coming for
an MFA degree, spending a lot of money
503
00:30:58,520 --> 00:31:02,680
to come to New York to study
and we thought, well that's crazy.
504
00:31:02,760 --> 00:31:06,240
We thought we could do something
shorter, more kind of intense.
505
00:31:06,880 --> 00:31:11,720
A cross between a residency
and a boot camp.
506
00:31:11,800 --> 00:31:14,880
And we created this alternative thing,
507
00:31:14,960 --> 00:31:17,080
this thing that people come for ten weeks
508
00:31:17,160 --> 00:31:19,200
and have a very structured experience.
509
00:31:19,280 --> 00:31:23,760
Is there any reason why you decided not
to do any accreditation with the school?
510
00:31:23,840 --> 00:31:27,120
It is ten weeks but they don't
leave with an MFA,
511
00:31:27,200 --> 00:31:29,480
-which is the equivalent of a Masters.
-Yeah.
512
00:31:29,560 --> 00:31:31,560
Because we're totally unofficial.
513
00:31:31,640 --> 00:31:36,600
We are not accredited so we do…
514
00:31:36,680 --> 00:31:39,720
we do it how we want to do it.
515
00:31:39,800 --> 00:31:42,160
So, we never went through that process.
516
00:31:42,240 --> 00:31:45,320
The legal name of our school is SFCP,
517
00:31:45,400 --> 00:31:48,400
you cannot add the word school
in your legal name
518
00:31:48,480 --> 00:31:52,520
because you have to go through the
Board of Education and we're alternative,
519
00:31:53,240 --> 00:31:55,360
And we didn't go that way.
520
00:31:55,440 --> 00:32:00,680
So we are non-accredited
but students leave with a lot.
521
00:32:00,760 --> 00:32:02,880
They don't leave with a degree.
522
00:32:02,960 --> 00:32:08,600
Don't you think that if you look and read
Hannah Arendt, one of the key take-away's
523
00:32:08,680 --> 00:32:14,600
perhaps is that education should
exist separately from government?
524
00:32:14,680 --> 00:32:20,400
She thinks it's a disaster if
the state dictates education.
525
00:32:20,480 --> 00:32:22,560
You know, education, for her,
526
00:32:22,640 --> 00:32:26,480
you know should be kind of a
private matter and a social matter.
527
00:32:26,560 --> 00:32:28,920
Not a state political matter.
528
00:32:29,000 --> 00:32:34,920
The only role of the state would be
to ensure that there is public education.
529
00:32:35,920 --> 00:32:39,480
But what goes on in the classroom,
what goes on in education,
530
00:32:39,560 --> 00:32:42,880
she thinks that politicians
should stay out of it.
531
00:32:42,960 --> 00:32:46,960
How about the
demographics of the students?
532
00:32:47,840 --> 00:32:51,800
They're mostly college age or older.
533
00:32:51,880 --> 00:32:56,720
So we have students who are
from like 20 up to 50, 60.
534
00:32:56,800 --> 00:32:59,880
We have had students that
are mid-career professionals.
535
00:32:59,960 --> 00:33:02,400
A lot of times they are
taking a break from a job.
536
00:33:02,480 --> 00:33:06,040
Because the class is ten weeks
you can convince your boss.
537
00:33:06,120 --> 00:33:08,960
I want to do three months of study.
538
00:33:09,040 --> 00:33:12,040
My class is called 'Recreating the Past',
every week we talk about
539
00:33:12,120 --> 00:33:15,840
a different artist, for example,
Romona who is a Hungarian artist,
540
00:33:16,680 --> 00:33:20,920
based in Paris since the '70s who's been
writing code to control a pen plotter
541
00:33:21,000 --> 00:33:22,560
to make algorithmic drawings.
542
00:33:22,640 --> 00:33:28,000
Students study her work and re-create
some of her works
543
00:33:28,080 --> 00:33:30,560
using modern tools.
544
00:33:31,760 --> 00:33:34,680
What I think is quite beautiful
is that they
545
00:33:34,760 --> 00:33:37,440
often times, there's a gap.
546
00:33:37,520 --> 00:33:42,120
That gap is really beautiful and we talk
about it and
547
00:33:42,200 --> 00:33:44,560
for me the poetry is in that.
548
00:33:44,640 --> 00:33:50,520
And also saying to the students that
the past is there to engage with.
549
00:33:50,600 --> 00:33:53,120
[speaking Amharic]
550
00:33:54,360 --> 00:33:57,120
[speaking Amharic, hip-hop music playing]
551
00:34:02,440 --> 00:34:04,480
[vocalizing, hip-hop music]
552
00:34:16,400 --> 00:34:19,080
[singing in Amharic]
553
00:34:39,800 --> 00:34:42,280
What is so special about
the National Museum of Ethiopia?
554
00:34:42,360 --> 00:34:44,280
The National Museum is…
555
00:34:44,360 --> 00:34:47,280
{\an8}-Well, there are about four collections.
-Yes.
556
00:34:47,360 --> 00:34:51,600
{\an8}The most important are the archaeological
and paleontological sections
557
00:34:51,679 --> 00:34:53,800
where you find…
558
00:34:55,480 --> 00:35:00,640
fossils of human origins,
the origins of life.
559
00:35:01,240 --> 00:35:03,640
So I am going to find
the origins of humans here?
560
00:35:03,720 --> 00:35:05,040
Yeah.
561
00:35:05,120 --> 00:35:09,160
And you know that
Ethiopia is the land of origins.
562
00:35:09,760 --> 00:35:11,560
This is the source of human beings.
563
00:35:11,640 --> 00:35:16,480
We claim that because of the discovery
of Lucy and other hominids
564
00:35:16,560 --> 00:35:18,280
in the National Museum.
565
00:35:18,360 --> 00:35:21,040
[singing hip-hop in Amharic]
566
00:35:21,120 --> 00:35:24,960
[hip-hop music]
567
00:35:33,960 --> 00:35:36,840
Hello. Very nice to meet you.
568
00:35:36,920 --> 00:35:41,200
We do the… I do. The kiss.
569
00:35:41,280 --> 00:35:44,240
We do it in the South of France,
in Lyon too, three kisses.
570
00:35:44,320 --> 00:35:47,440
-So you are the Curator of the Museum?
-Yeah,
571
00:35:47,520 --> 00:35:50,240
{\an8}I am the curator of the Museum.
572
00:35:50,320 --> 00:35:52,640
{\an8}We have two sections in the Museum.
573
00:35:52,720 --> 00:35:56,040
Our laboratory and the display here.
574
00:35:56,120 --> 00:35:58,880
So what we are going to see now is…?
575
00:35:58,960 --> 00:36:00,640
The scientific cast of Lucy.
576
00:36:00,720 --> 00:36:02,320
-The scientific cast of Lucy?
-Yes.
577
00:36:02,400 --> 00:36:08,360
She is the first found fossil that
was equipped
578
00:36:09,480 --> 00:36:11,600
with bipedalism. She could actually walk?
579
00:36:11,680 --> 00:36:12,520
Yes.
580
00:36:13,320 --> 00:36:19,280
Lucy is unique because she
is found 42 years ago,
581
00:36:19,360 --> 00:36:20,960
in 1974.
582
00:36:22,360 --> 00:36:28,040
They understand the first… Almost
they found more than 40% of her body.
583
00:36:28,680 --> 00:36:31,520
And, she gave detailed
information about bipedalism,
584
00:36:31,600 --> 00:36:33,840
even sex morphology.
585
00:36:33,920 --> 00:36:36,240
So many things that's why she's unique.
586
00:36:38,640 --> 00:36:41,320
The research is still on-going on her.
587
00:36:42,160 --> 00:36:46,080
-Was she able to think, produce thoughts?
-Yes.
588
00:36:46,160 --> 00:36:50,840
She has around 500cc brain size.
589
00:36:50,920 --> 00:36:55,000
The brain size changes through time.
590
00:36:56,320 --> 00:36:58,520
So she was able to formulate thinking.
591
00:36:58,600 --> 00:37:00,200
She was, yes.
592
00:37:00,280 --> 00:37:01,920
The question I have is,
593
00:37:02,000 --> 00:37:07,240
whether or not she was or is
she the origin of knowledge?
594
00:37:10,360 --> 00:37:11,880
For us, yes.
595
00:37:11,960 --> 00:37:14,280
-Because, she's the first…
-Who is us?
596
00:37:14,360 --> 00:37:15,880
For us,
597
00:37:15,960 --> 00:37:21,080
for us the Homosapiens Sapiens,
or for modern human.
598
00:37:21,160 --> 00:37:26,440
She is the origin of knowledge because
she was found almost so many years ago.
599
00:37:27,160 --> 00:37:30,640
She gives full information about the size.
600
00:37:30,720 --> 00:37:35,240
She is the origin of
knowledge for modern human.
601
00:37:36,880 --> 00:37:38,520
Lucy.
602
00:37:42,840 --> 00:37:44,160
Lucy.
603
00:37:45,760 --> 00:37:46,640
You are dead.
604
00:37:47,360 --> 00:37:51,880
You were young I see your wisdom tooth.
605
00:37:52,600 --> 00:37:56,800
I am thinking you are dead at a young age.
606
00:37:57,720 --> 00:37:59,600
She's got what?
607
00:38:00,680 --> 00:38:04,360
-Lucy has a wisdom tooth.
-So, she was…
608
00:38:04,440 --> 00:38:07,280
I am thinking about her biological age.
609
00:38:08,240 --> 00:38:11,480
-You're thinking of her biological…
-Lucy's biological age.
610
00:38:12,160 --> 00:38:14,240
She died at a young age.
611
00:38:14,320 --> 00:38:16,760
About 18 or 20 years.
612
00:38:18,840 --> 00:38:21,320
Well it is really sad
that you died that young.
613
00:38:21,400 --> 00:38:25,840
There are a lot of things that you
couldn't see but I have to tell you Lucy
614
00:38:25,920 --> 00:38:28,320
that I am delighted that Metasebia,
615
00:38:28,400 --> 00:38:32,160
and her colleagues found
you a great friend.
616
00:38:32,240 --> 00:38:33,600
-Friend?
-Ardi.
617
00:38:33,680 --> 00:38:34,640
Ardi.
618
00:38:34,720 --> 00:38:36,880
Ardi, who is way older than you are.
619
00:38:36,960 --> 00:38:39,600
About 1 million years, before you.
620
00:38:39,680 --> 00:38:41,360
At least you are not on your own.
621
00:38:42,680 --> 00:38:45,160
I think that is most important too.
622
00:38:45,240 --> 00:38:50,200
They sacrificed themselves
for us as origins of knowledge.
623
00:38:52,360 --> 00:38:53,920
That's one version of it.
624
00:38:54,000 --> 00:38:55,480
[laughs]
625
00:38:56,480 --> 00:39:01,040
[hip-hop music]
626
00:39:05,440 --> 00:39:09,200
[reading in Ancient Egyptian]
627
00:39:22,160 --> 00:39:24,560
{\an8}We don't know the exact pronunciation.
628
00:39:24,640 --> 00:39:27,600
{\an8}We have some clues, because Coptic,
629
00:39:27,680 --> 00:39:31,680
{\an8}which is used even today in liturgy
is basically the latest phase
630
00:39:31,760 --> 00:39:33,760
{\an8}of the Egyptian language.
631
00:39:33,840 --> 00:39:38,560
But, we are not sure what was
the precise pronunciation of it
632
00:39:38,640 --> 00:39:40,160
in Ancient Egyptian language.
633
00:39:40,240 --> 00:39:41,720
{\an8}[single drum beat]
634
00:39:44,080 --> 00:39:49,960
Tell me a bit more about where
this Rosetta Stone, this stone found?
635
00:39:50,040 --> 00:39:53,400
It is called the Rosetta Stone
and it was found in Rosetta.
636
00:39:53,480 --> 00:39:54,960
Can you point out on this map?
637
00:39:55,040 --> 00:39:57,800
-This is Rosetta?
-And Napoleon wasn't there?
638
00:39:58,560 --> 00:40:00,400
No he wasn't there.
639
00:40:00,480 --> 00:40:03,760
It was found by one of
the soldiers of Napoleon,
640
00:40:03,840 --> 00:40:07,640
he just found it and he already
recognised the importance of this text
641
00:40:07,720 --> 00:40:12,960
and later, after Napoleon was defeated,
it became the property of the Crown.
642
00:40:13,040 --> 00:40:16,320
What is the reference of the text?
643
00:40:16,400 --> 00:40:21,000
Well actually that is the same text
that is written in different languages.
644
00:40:21,080 --> 00:40:25,320
This text says that every
temple should have a shrine,
645
00:40:25,400 --> 00:40:31,040
a special shrine with a special statue of
Ptolemy V and this should be renovated.
646
00:40:31,120 --> 00:40:34,960
Is that to say that communication
really started with trade?
647
00:40:35,040 --> 00:40:39,240
That was the most important
thing at the beginning obviously.
648
00:40:39,320 --> 00:40:44,000
If I send a product from one place to
another I should write the addresses,
649
00:40:44,080 --> 00:40:49,880
the quantity or anything else
on that so that was the first use
650
00:40:49,960 --> 00:40:52,520
of the hieroglyphs and the symbols.
651
00:40:52,600 --> 00:40:57,080
Later it was adapted for other purposes,
obviously, for rituals
652
00:40:57,160 --> 00:41:01,080
that was quite important,
on temples for example,
653
00:41:01,160 --> 00:41:04,320
and also for purposes of the State.
654
00:41:04,400 --> 00:41:08,160
Do you know what the
weight of the Rosetta Stone is?
655
00:41:08,240 --> 00:41:10,640
It's written here somewhere,
it's quite heavy,
656
00:41:10,720 --> 00:41:15,920
I don't think it's easy to…
Yes, 762 kilograms.
657
00:41:16,000 --> 00:41:18,880
-Oh wow!
-So it's not really very easy to move it.
658
00:41:18,960 --> 00:41:22,360
Yes you know because I want
to bring it back in my suitcase!
659
00:41:22,440 --> 00:41:26,000
There are lots of copies in the shops,
nice tiny copies,
660
00:41:26,520 --> 00:41:28,080
I have several at home.
661
00:41:28,160 --> 00:41:29,880
[Both laugh]
662
00:41:29,960 --> 00:41:35,320
[Percussion instruments]
663
00:41:36,600 --> 00:41:39,600
What is Hannah Arendt's
definition of a monster?
664
00:41:39,680 --> 00:41:42,720
People think that if somebody
665
00:41:42,800 --> 00:41:47,040
does evil monstrous deeds
666
00:41:47,120 --> 00:41:49,120
he or she must be a monster.
667
00:41:49,200 --> 00:41:51,800
And by a monster, sadistic,
668
00:41:51,880 --> 00:41:55,560
wanting to do evil for
its own sake, perverted.
669
00:41:55,640 --> 00:41:57,720
Now what she saw,
670
00:41:58,400 --> 00:42:04,200
is that normal people caught up in certain
situations can commit
671
00:42:05,480 --> 00:42:06,440
monstrous deeds.
672
00:42:06,520 --> 00:42:10,800
So, she will say the deeds were monstrous,
673
00:42:10,880 --> 00:42:11,960
they were extreme,
674
00:42:12,040 --> 00:42:16,560
you know but the man himself is not a
monster and that is what you have to…
675
00:42:16,640 --> 00:42:20,720
And if you want to understand evil
in the 20th Century
676
00:42:20,800 --> 00:42:23,320
then you have to understand people.
677
00:42:23,400 --> 00:42:25,000
They don't have to be psychotic.
678
00:42:25,080 --> 00:42:29,440
They don't have to be excluded
from everything.
679
00:42:29,520 --> 00:42:33,760
Perhaps they can be in ordinary situations
680
00:42:33,840 --> 00:42:38,320
normal bureaucrats caught up
in certain situations.
681
00:42:38,400 --> 00:42:41,960
They can get involved in all kinds
of deeds that are horrendous.
682
00:42:44,560 --> 00:42:48,560
What I propose is a reconsideration
683
00:42:48,640 --> 00:42:51,920
of the human condition
from the vantage point
684
00:42:52,000 --> 00:42:55,560
of our newest experiences
and our most recent fears.
685
00:42:57,040 --> 00:43:00,320
What I propose therefore is very simple.
686
00:43:01,120 --> 00:43:05,240
It is nothing more than to
think what we are doing?
687
00:43:07,520 --> 00:43:12,800
{\an8}[electronic music]
688
00:43:15,240 --> 00:43:18,240
[both speaking Japanese]
689
00:43:18,320 --> 00:43:19,280
Nelly San.
690
00:43:19,360 --> 00:43:25,960
[drums beating, mechanical buzzing]
691
00:43:26,040 --> 00:43:32,240
{\an8}You take a breath, a deep breath
and then I count ten to one.
692
00:43:32,320 --> 00:43:36,760
{\an8}Gradually, your body is relaxing.
693
00:43:38,080 --> 00:43:41,440
And then gradually this door opens
694
00:43:41,520 --> 00:43:45,200
and I can reach their beliefs.
695
00:43:45,280 --> 00:43:47,960
Usually suppressed, you can't see.
696
00:43:49,560 --> 00:43:54,960
When you are in the state of
hypnosis the mind is opened.
697
00:43:55,040 --> 00:43:59,800
The unconscious mind is open and
connected to
698
00:43:59,880 --> 00:44:02,440
a kind of higher self.
699
00:44:02,520 --> 00:44:04,320
You can say.
700
00:44:04,400 --> 00:44:09,520
Or a spirit or some kind of…
701
00:44:10,720 --> 00:44:13,800
unlimited awareness.
702
00:44:14,360 --> 00:44:17,680
And then you can get answer.
703
00:44:18,960 --> 00:44:20,160
Yes.
704
00:44:21,280 --> 00:44:23,880
Can we try? [laughs]
705
00:44:23,960 --> 00:44:26,920
[single drum beat] Three, I am thinking.
706
00:44:27,000 --> 00:44:29,720
[drum] Two, I am thinking freely.
707
00:44:29,800 --> 00:44:31,320
[drum] One…
708
00:44:31,400 --> 00:44:33,200
You can see something?
709
00:44:33,800 --> 00:44:37,560
Or… Right? Or…
710
00:44:38,080 --> 00:44:40,440
Images…
711
00:44:40,520 --> 00:44:45,320
[drum] [Rain]
712
00:44:48,280 --> 00:44:50,920
-Hi! Hi!
-Nelly San?
713
00:44:51,000 --> 00:44:57,360
[Both speaking Japanese]
714
00:44:57,440 --> 00:45:03,360
[Speaking Japanese]
715
00:45:08,480 --> 00:45:09,840
Then two claps.
716
00:45:10,920 --> 00:45:14,280
[claps twice]
717
00:45:14,360 --> 00:45:18,640
[rapping in Japanese]
718
00:45:37,560 --> 00:45:41,360
[Japanese traditional music]
719
00:45:42,200 --> 00:45:44,120
[all] Yeah.
720
00:45:44,200 --> 00:45:47,680
[Japanese traditional music]
721
00:46:23,000 --> 00:46:25,280
Hannah Arendt, Japanese style.
722
00:46:25,360 --> 00:46:29,120
{\an8}[Japanese traditional music]
723
00:46:32,080 --> 00:46:34,280
So, I'm…
724
00:46:34,360 --> 00:46:38,160
traveling the world to try
and find the origin of knowledge.
725
00:46:38,240 --> 00:46:42,000
[Japanese traditional music]
726
00:46:42,080 --> 00:46:43,960
Hannah Arendt.
727
00:46:45,040 --> 00:46:47,120
That's the head I am making.
728
00:46:47,200 --> 00:46:48,440
[flute music]
729
00:46:48,520 --> 00:46:52,480
[man vocalizing]
730
00:47:02,120 --> 00:47:07,360
[singing in Japanese]
731
00:47:59,320 --> 00:48:04,400
[drums pounding]
732
00:48:04,480 --> 00:48:07,560
{\an8}[gardening machine buzzing]
733
00:48:07,640 --> 00:48:10,240
{\an8}Oh no, is this really happening?
734
00:48:10,320 --> 00:48:12,400
{\an8}[gardening machine buzzing]
735
00:48:12,480 --> 00:48:16,880
{\an8}So just briefly, this is
the Hannah Arendt Center smoking porch.
736
00:48:16,960 --> 00:48:17,800
{\an8}Smoking porch?
737
00:48:17,880 --> 00:48:20,320
{\an8}So Roger can tell you the story better
than I can,
738
00:48:20,400 --> 00:48:23,880
but when but when he went to Leon
Botstein, the President of Bard College,
739
00:48:23,960 --> 00:48:26,080
and asked to house
the Hannah Arendt Center
740
00:48:26,160 --> 00:48:28,360
in the Mary Macarthy House,
741
00:48:28,440 --> 00:48:32,280
because Mary Macarthy
was Hannah Arendt's best friend…
742
00:48:33,520 --> 00:48:37,920
he said only if the porch
is a dedicated smoking porch,
743
00:48:38,000 --> 00:48:42,440
because Hannah Arendt, as you know,
never stopped smoking her entire life.
744
00:48:46,640 --> 00:48:48,640
Oh dear, not on my dress.
745
00:48:50,720 --> 00:48:54,520
This is our Seminar room,
and this is Hannah Arendt's desk
746
00:48:54,600 --> 00:48:59,840
that was brought from her apartment
on Riverside Drive.
747
00:48:59,920 --> 00:49:04,640
And after her death, according
to Jerry Kohn, her literary executor
748
00:49:04,720 --> 00:49:07,960
it was not accounted for in the will.
749
00:49:08,040 --> 00:49:11,520
And the executor of the will called him
750
00:49:11,600 --> 00:49:16,600
and asked what to do with it,
and they said Bard would take it.
751
00:49:16,680 --> 00:49:18,640
People sit at it and write.
752
00:49:18,720 --> 00:49:22,200
We put food on it, sometimes,
when we have lectures.
753
00:49:22,280 --> 00:49:27,560
So it's this horrible Formica thing that
she had in her apartment and wrote on.
754
00:49:27,640 --> 00:49:31,560
So, actually I feel quite
emotional about this.
755
00:49:31,640 --> 00:49:35,320
I jumped on it the first time I saw it!
[laughs]
756
00:49:40,120 --> 00:49:42,840
Okay. This is happening.
757
00:49:42,920 --> 00:49:46,840
I mean, what a delight to be
moving this desk with you.
758
00:49:46,920 --> 00:49:50,800
This is probably one of my
biggest honors to date.
759
00:49:50,880 --> 00:49:55,680
-Alright, where are we bringing…
-I think we should be, let's see, here.
760
00:49:58,040 --> 00:50:00,200
Don't fall on the porch.
761
00:50:00,280 --> 00:50:02,800
-Let's see.
-It can come back a little more.
762
00:50:02,880 --> 00:50:04,800
[dragging noise]
763
00:50:04,880 --> 00:50:06,880
This is fantastic, okay, great.
764
00:50:06,960 --> 00:50:11,240
So that's good. We can take,
maybe, these two chairs first.
765
00:50:11,320 --> 00:50:15,560
Why don't we take chairs from inside,
that are clean?
766
00:50:15,640 --> 00:50:19,400
Yeah, I mean, you're right,
I think that'll be dirty with these ones.
767
00:50:21,960 --> 00:50:23,760
Yes, one, perfect.
768
00:50:31,040 --> 00:50:36,480
"What are we doing
when we do nothing but think.
769
00:50:36,560 --> 00:50:41,040
What are we when we, normally
always surrounded by our fellow men,
770
00:50:41,120 --> 00:50:45,480
are together with no one but ourselves?"
771
00:50:47,920 --> 00:50:50,000
[flute sounds]
772
00:50:51,480 --> 00:50:53,680
[attempts to play the flute]
773
00:51:04,600 --> 00:51:09,280
{\an8}What I love about Hannah Arendt was
that she was willing to write about
774
00:51:09,360 --> 00:51:11,200
{\an8}all sorts of everyday events.
775
00:51:11,280 --> 00:51:13,800
{\an8}Take chances, be provocative, be bold.
776
00:51:13,880 --> 00:51:17,320
She was fearless
and that's what I want at the Center.
777
00:51:17,400 --> 00:51:19,200
That was what attracted me to her.
778
00:51:19,280 --> 00:51:23,200
And that's what I want at the Center,
to do in her image.
779
00:51:23,280 --> 00:51:28,440
So we always said that the Arendt Center
is a place
780
00:51:28,520 --> 00:51:31,680
to think of political and ethical
781
00:51:31,760 --> 00:51:35,080
issues in the world in the spirit
of Hannah Arendt.
782
00:51:35,160 --> 00:51:36,480
There is a fear,
783
00:51:36,560 --> 00:51:40,960
a collective fear around
knowledge and who owns it.
784
00:51:41,040 --> 00:51:45,840
We live in the last 200 or so years,
785
00:51:45,920 --> 00:51:50,280
more or less in a period,
786
00:51:50,360 --> 00:51:53,200
which as you know,
Nietzsche called the death of god
787
00:51:53,280 --> 00:51:58,400
and Hannah Arendt caused the
age of homelessness and loneliness.
788
00:51:59,160 --> 00:52:04,240
It's a time in which the basic question
that we ask ourselves is:
789
00:52:04,960 --> 00:52:07,080
Who am I and why am I here?
790
00:52:07,680 --> 00:52:09,720
We don't have obvious answers.
791
00:52:09,800 --> 00:52:13,560
It used to be religion,
tradition, family, and nation.
792
00:52:13,640 --> 00:52:16,440
Whatever it was, Ethnic group, tribe.
793
00:52:16,520 --> 00:52:22,160
And, when you don't have obvious answers
to that there is what Hannah Arendt calls
794
00:52:22,720 --> 00:52:25,320
metaphysical anxiety.
Metaphysical homelessness,
795
00:52:26,280 --> 00:52:31,760
rootlessness and, loneliness
and a feeling of being utterly bereft.
796
00:52:32,800 --> 00:52:38,200
And, in a period like that we have
a tendency
797
00:52:38,280 --> 00:52:42,640
as humans who need meaning,
to grasp on to an ideology.
798
00:52:42,720 --> 00:52:47,000
To grasp on to some comfortable truth.
799
00:52:48,160 --> 00:52:49,000
And,
800
00:52:50,600 --> 00:52:56,280
that's what she saw happening with
both Nazism and Communism, Bolshevism.
801
00:52:57,240 --> 00:53:02,080
But it's a broader phenomenon it
is not just about Nazism and Bolshevism,
802
00:53:02,160 --> 00:53:08,160
it's about the modern age and the power
of ideological certainty today
803
00:53:09,160 --> 00:53:13,040
is really heavily driven by
a fear of loneliness.
804
00:53:13,120 --> 00:53:17,120
The ideological certainty gives us a sense
of purpose and conformity.
805
00:53:18,280 --> 00:53:21,840
It's at that point of conformity
when people question that conformity,
806
00:53:21,920 --> 00:53:23,680
when people question it.
807
00:53:23,760 --> 00:53:27,720
It's not just a threat politically,
it's a threat to your whole worldview.
808
00:53:27,800 --> 00:53:33,720
I mean, it's amazing that if
I questioned a supporter of.
809
00:53:33,800 --> 00:53:36,120
Marine Le Penn or Donald Trump,
810
00:53:36,200 --> 00:53:39,800
or an opponent of Donald
Trump or Marine Le Penn,
811
00:53:40,480 --> 00:53:44,120
it's not just a political
disagreement it's talking about evil.
812
00:53:44,200 --> 00:53:48,000
You are talking about someone who is
trying to ruin the world and we make
813
00:53:49,120 --> 00:53:54,120
dissent a character logical issue,
that these people are bad people.
814
00:53:54,800 --> 00:53:58,880
And, that's because we're utterly afraid
815
00:53:59,640 --> 00:54:03,000
of having our self-worth,
which is now caught up
816
00:54:03,720 --> 00:54:06,560
in this political movement,
being challenged.
817
00:54:06,640 --> 00:54:10,280
So, to me, that's the fear.
818
00:54:10,360 --> 00:54:14,520
That is the deepest
well-spring of modern fear,
819
00:54:14,600 --> 00:54:19,360
this deep anxiety about
having our loneliness exposed.
820
00:54:19,440 --> 00:54:20,440
[thunder]
821
00:54:20,520 --> 00:54:23,840
That's it! It is raining crazy now.
822
00:54:23,920 --> 00:54:28,400
The monster from the sky
fell into the world today.
823
00:54:28,920 --> 00:54:30,200
I'm sorry.
824
00:54:31,160 --> 00:54:33,560
-Do you want to get under the umbrella?
-Yeah.
825
00:54:33,640 --> 00:54:35,520
-Shall we?
-Yes, we can do it.
826
00:54:38,440 --> 00:54:39,360
Oh, oh.
827
00:54:41,400 --> 00:54:43,200
This is pretty bad.
828
00:54:44,720 --> 00:54:46,000
[giggles]
829
00:54:48,040 --> 00:54:49,640
Okay.
830
00:54:49,720 --> 00:54:51,240
Here we go.
831
00:54:51,320 --> 00:54:52,760
Oh, my God.
832
00:54:53,680 --> 00:54:57,360
-Sorry about this. I guess this is.
-[laughs] It's alright!
833
00:54:57,440 --> 00:54:58,840
She's not finished.
834
00:54:58,920 --> 00:55:01,840
-This is Hannah Arendt?
-But she is not finished.
835
00:55:01,920 --> 00:55:06,560
She needs her hair and obviously we need
to put her back her arms and legs and
836
00:55:06,640 --> 00:55:10,800
there is a kimono that I did
in Japan that is an original.
837
00:55:10,880 --> 00:55:11,720
Right.
838
00:55:11,800 --> 00:55:17,320
An Awaji puppet maker who gave me
some of the parts.
839
00:55:17,400 --> 00:55:20,240
-Oh, wonderful.
-And she needs to be painted properly.
840
00:55:20,320 --> 00:55:21,520
I love it.
841
00:55:21,600 --> 00:55:24,280
I guess I didn't plan
for it to be so dramatic.
842
00:55:24,360 --> 00:55:26,600
-[laughs]
-[hairdryer blowing]
843
00:55:32,800 --> 00:55:38,160
{\an8}[punk music]
844
00:55:39,320 --> 00:55:41,880
Bonjour. Should I address
you as Mr President?
845
00:55:41,960 --> 00:55:42,920
Come in, come in.
846
00:55:43,000 --> 00:55:46,320
I would love to know
what you think about this?
847
00:55:46,400 --> 00:55:48,040
Well what does it do?
848
00:55:48,120 --> 00:55:52,880
Well the idea was that when I went and
met with the Arendt students
849
00:55:52,960 --> 00:55:56,880
I'd get them to articulate
the puppet with me.
850
00:56:04,600 --> 00:56:06,920
Tell me about you and your relationships?
851
00:56:07,000 --> 00:56:12,640
{\an8}-You started talk about that?
-I was a student.
852
00:56:12,720 --> 00:56:17,080
{\an8}To say I had a relationship with her
is an exaggeration.
853
00:56:17,160 --> 00:56:21,400
{\an8}I met her when I was sixteen, uhm…
854
00:56:21,480 --> 00:56:25,480
And I graduated when I was 20,
855
00:56:25,560 --> 00:56:29,080
and she was extremely nice
and gracious to me.
856
00:56:29,160 --> 00:56:34,680
If I learned anything from Hannah Arendt
was observing her think,
857
00:56:34,760 --> 00:56:40,640
which was how someone
reacted to something said to her.
858
00:56:41,240 --> 00:56:44,760
It was as if you could see,
and I said this often about her,
859
00:56:44,840 --> 00:56:49,600
if you could see as if in a watch,
860
00:56:49,680 --> 00:56:52,760
the mechanism moves,
861
00:56:53,400 --> 00:56:56,240
you could observe how she thought
862
00:56:57,000 --> 00:57:01,480
in response to a stimulus of
someone saying something to her.
863
00:57:02,600 --> 00:57:04,800
Is this where you spend the most time?
864
00:57:04,880 --> 00:57:05,760
I don't know,
865
00:57:05,840 --> 00:57:07,000
yes go ahead.
866
00:57:07,080 --> 00:57:08,880
-The question I have for you is…
-Yeah.
867
00:57:08,960 --> 00:57:13,920
As you know I'm going through this
journey of trying to get to the core
868
00:57:14,000 --> 00:57:17,600
of the origin of knowledge
is and I understand…
869
00:57:17,680 --> 00:57:19,800
Your journey is to the core of?
870
00:57:19,880 --> 00:57:22,640
Where is the origin of knowledge?
871
00:57:22,720 --> 00:57:26,720
-Where?
-I want to bring this back in my suitcase
872
00:57:26,800 --> 00:57:29,840
to my students in a very non-abstract way.
873
00:57:29,920 --> 00:57:32,320
-The origin of knowledge.
-Yes.
874
00:57:32,400 --> 00:57:35,400
I want to bring this back in my suitcase
or I believe that
875
00:57:35,480 --> 00:57:37,760
there is a possibility to do that.
876
00:57:37,840 --> 00:57:41,160
And bring it to them in September,
when they start again.
877
00:57:41,760 --> 00:57:42,920
The origin of knowledge.
878
00:57:43,000 --> 00:57:47,160
I never lost any sleep on
the origin of knowledge.
879
00:57:47,240 --> 00:57:49,400
[electronic noise]
880
00:57:49,480 --> 00:57:53,440
"If thinking is an activity
that is its own end
881
00:57:54,040 --> 00:57:56,920
and the only adequate metaphor for it
882
00:57:57,000 --> 00:58:02,120
drawn from our ordinary sense experience
is a sensation of being alive
883
00:58:02,200 --> 00:58:05,280
then it follows
that all questions concerning
884
00:58:07,080 --> 00:58:10,880
the aim or purpose
for thinking are unanswerable."
885
00:58:10,960 --> 00:58:14,480
You know that you
really experience what is,
886
00:58:14,560 --> 00:58:17,480
do you then have to look on the other side
887
00:58:17,560 --> 00:58:19,720
and perhaps experience being a monster?
888
00:58:19,800 --> 00:58:24,040
Our ability to adjust to the unacceptable
is extreme
889
00:58:24,880 --> 00:58:28,400
and therefore it demands that to be decent
890
00:58:28,480 --> 00:58:29,680
one has to be a hero.
891
00:58:30,600 --> 00:58:33,760
One has to and that's not right.
892
00:58:33,840 --> 00:58:36,600
Uhm, and, err.
893
00:58:37,600 --> 00:58:39,720
We have to be very careful,
894
00:58:40,280 --> 00:58:43,680
especially now in this country
895
00:58:44,920 --> 00:58:48,760
for us as
citizens to tolerate the intolerable
896
00:58:49,920 --> 00:58:53,120
and to go along with it and
by doing that we enable it,
897
00:58:53,200 --> 00:58:55,600
we don't look like we
are enabling it but we are.
898
00:58:57,080 --> 00:59:00,280
Why didn't the country shut down?
899
00:59:00,880 --> 00:59:03,760
When they had to separate immigrants,
900
00:59:03,840 --> 00:59:05,520
children from their parents?
901
00:59:06,520 --> 00:59:10,200
Why does this country go about its
business
902
00:59:10,280 --> 00:59:14,360
in the face of a President
903
00:59:15,120 --> 00:59:18,240
whose behaviour can be characterized as
radically evil
904
00:59:19,520 --> 00:59:23,960
and destructive to the
well-being of the country,
905
00:59:24,040 --> 00:59:25,800
and perhaps even the world?
906
00:59:25,880 --> 00:59:30,200
[drums and chimes ringing]
907
00:59:38,640 --> 00:59:42,280
I have been traveling a lot
these past months as you know,
908
00:59:42,360 --> 00:59:45,080
and being a scholar and being an educator.
909
00:59:45,160 --> 00:59:49,600
It looks like the summer has dragged on
forever and we have to go back to our
910
00:59:49,680 --> 00:59:53,520
students eventually,
so that cannot last forever.
911
00:59:53,600 --> 00:59:59,640
To think an action so far
as one speaks, you said,
912
00:59:59,720 --> 01:00:02,680
well or to think an action as far as one
you speak
913
01:00:02,760 --> 01:00:06,040
is not that easy to put into
practice, I'll tell you this.
914
01:00:06,120 --> 01:00:09,400
[electronic music]
915
01:00:14,840 --> 01:00:18,840
What was her perspective on
the ownership of our own thoughts?
916
01:00:18,920 --> 01:00:22,760
Are our thoughts our own creation?
917
01:00:22,840 --> 01:00:28,160
{\an8}Well, she wants to make a very
sharp distinction between knowledge
918
01:00:28,240 --> 01:00:30,480
{\an8}and thinking.
919
01:00:30,560 --> 01:00:35,800
Knowledge is primarily concerned
with truth.
920
01:00:35,880 --> 01:00:39,120
I want to know
921
01:00:39,200 --> 01:00:42,480
how a certain mechanism works?
922
01:00:42,560 --> 01:00:44,480
I want to understand…
923
01:00:44,560 --> 01:00:49,480
This involves a kind of knowledge
to be verified and tested and so forth.
924
01:00:49,560 --> 01:00:53,320
Thinking is used with meaning.
925
01:00:53,400 --> 01:00:56,080
Trying to make sense of things,
926
01:00:56,160 --> 01:01:00,440
that endless activity of weaving
and unweaving
927
01:01:00,520 --> 01:01:03,800
is what she took to be integral
to thinking.
928
01:01:06,480 --> 01:01:10,880
Behind everything there's always personal
experience and I think that that's
929
01:01:10,960 --> 01:01:12,760
that you have to understand her
experiences
930
01:01:12,840 --> 01:01:14,480
and I think it's true.
931
01:01:14,560 --> 01:01:17,520
There is always a way in which
thinking for her
932
01:01:18,240 --> 01:01:20,360
is rooted and grounded in experience
933
01:01:21,320 --> 01:01:25,000
and not merely something that
is up in the air and it is abstract.
934
01:01:25,080 --> 01:01:29,000
{\an8}[music]
935
01:01:54,080 --> 01:01:55,760
Explain what is happening?
936
01:01:55,840 --> 01:01:58,760
{\an8}-So we are going to make…
-Hannah is her name.
937
01:01:58,840 --> 01:02:00,560
{\an8}-Hannah.
-Hannah, okay.
938
01:02:01,120 --> 01:02:07,160
{\an8}We're going to make you a very nice
Kimono from the hand painted…
939
01:02:07,240 --> 01:02:08,800
cotton fabric here,
940
01:02:08,880 --> 01:02:14,400
that Nelly was successful to make.
941
01:02:14,480 --> 01:02:17,800
And we are going to keep the sleeves
of the Kimono
942
01:02:17,880 --> 01:02:21,400
semi-formal, for semi-formal occasions.
943
01:02:21,480 --> 01:02:26,920
[electronic music]
944
01:02:50,760 --> 01:02:55,600
[Pussy Riot music playing]
945
01:03:01,960 --> 01:03:05,640
You are one of the recipients of
one of Hannah Arendt's
946
01:03:05,720 --> 01:03:08,160
prize for political thoughts.
947
01:03:08,240 --> 01:03:10,120
I have no idea why, really.
948
01:03:10,200 --> 01:03:15,280
{\an8}It's funny they gave us a prize,
because we ended up in prison.
949
01:03:15,360 --> 01:03:19,400
{\an8}And just to be physically in prison,
950
01:03:19,480 --> 01:03:23,600
it's just, so much about pure body,
without…
951
01:03:23,680 --> 01:03:27,960
You're not supposed to have any feelings,
any thoughts.
952
01:03:28,040 --> 01:03:31,800
You are not supposed to be critical,
so basically its strange
953
01:03:31,880 --> 01:03:37,320
that we received this prize
for being a pure,
954
01:03:37,400 --> 01:03:39,520
naked body for two years.
955
01:03:39,600 --> 01:03:43,360
And that is an interesting contradiction.
956
01:03:44,080 --> 01:03:48,120
But, you know, culture exists
just because of contradictions.
957
01:03:48,200 --> 01:03:50,680
Do you think you are a Monster?
958
01:03:51,360 --> 01:03:55,600
Personally, I don't define myself
as a monster.
959
01:03:56,560 --> 01:03:58,800
I am more like punk.
960
01:03:58,880 --> 01:03:59,720
Or,
961
01:04:00,360 --> 01:04:03,080
I don't know a witch?
962
01:04:03,160 --> 01:04:05,400
In our criminal case,
963
01:04:05,480 --> 01:04:10,040
we got all these things like we
were making devilish dances,
964
01:04:10,120 --> 01:04:12,640
and we are fighting
965
01:04:15,520 --> 01:04:19,360
with invisible devils.
966
01:04:19,440 --> 01:04:21,880
We were just doing boxing,
967
01:04:21,960 --> 01:04:24,640
just shadow boxing
968
01:04:24,720 --> 01:04:28,320
it's not fighting
with devils but they are like,
969
01:04:28,400 --> 01:04:32,400
oh, we need to
call for an exorcist and stuff like that.
970
01:04:32,480 --> 01:04:36,080
In case of women, it's not a new thing.
971
01:04:36,160 --> 01:04:40,400
So what I am facing
and what I am trying to analyze now is
972
01:04:41,160 --> 01:04:46,560
what kind of monsters
prison had brought to me.
973
01:04:46,640 --> 01:04:48,720
To my mind.
974
01:04:50,520 --> 01:04:55,480
I have found out that I have actually an
internal criminal
975
01:04:56,040 --> 01:04:59,360
but not a good criminal
976
01:04:59,440 --> 01:05:04,800
but this person who devalued everything
977
01:05:04,880 --> 01:05:10,840
because they found themselves
in prison for 12, 15, 20 years.
978
01:05:10,920 --> 01:05:15,080
They want to destroy everything and
they want to devaluate everything.
979
01:05:15,160 --> 01:05:18,520
So, I have found that I have internalized
this
980
01:05:18,600 --> 01:05:19,760
and this person in me.
981
01:05:19,840 --> 01:05:23,760
Sometimes when I go through life right now
and I'm making certain endeavors.
982
01:05:23,840 --> 01:05:26,960
I'm devaluating everything in a second.
[snaps her fingers]
983
01:05:27,040 --> 01:05:30,320
When I am trying to you know create a
piece of art
984
01:05:30,400 --> 01:05:33,440
and I'm coming as that person,
985
01:05:33,520 --> 01:05:36,640
and I'm like: Who the fuck is that?
It's just fucking nonsense.
986
01:05:36,720 --> 01:05:39,560
When I am trying to make punk music now,
987
01:05:39,640 --> 01:05:43,320
this person comes to me and says:
"Can't you sing pretty?"
988
01:05:43,400 --> 01:05:47,320
They want everything to be pretty
and they want everything to be ideal.
989
01:05:47,400 --> 01:05:50,880
It's a general part of criminal culture.
990
01:05:50,960 --> 01:05:55,920
[sings in Russian]
991
01:06:05,640 --> 01:06:11,000
[Pussy Riot music playing]
992
01:06:37,520 --> 01:06:42,120
[sings in Russian]
993
01:07:00,920 --> 01:07:04,600
Before you put into action
an event like the one
994
01:07:04,680 --> 01:07:09,240
that Pussy Riot did in the cathedral
of Moscow,
995
01:07:09,320 --> 01:07:12,200
what was the process that went into that?
996
01:07:12,280 --> 01:07:17,200
We were thinking about making something
in this cathedral for at least three years
997
01:07:17,280 --> 01:07:21,920
because we were really interested in this
relationship between our State and the
998
01:07:22,760 --> 01:07:24,200
the Church,
999
01:07:24,280 --> 01:07:28,120
and we were rehearsing for three weeks.
1000
01:07:28,720 --> 01:07:31,600
We made the songs for it quickly,
1001
01:07:31,680 --> 01:07:34,240
in just one day and it started
1002
01:07:35,720 --> 01:07:39,200
with me singing Rachmaninoff,
1003
01:07:40,080 --> 01:07:43,320
the Russian composer. And, uhm…
1004
01:07:43,400 --> 01:07:44,840
Can you sing it now?
1005
01:07:44,920 --> 01:07:50,640
[humms song]
1006
01:07:52,040 --> 01:07:53,920
But the original, it's slower.
1007
01:07:54,880 --> 01:08:01,200
So, it's about his interpretation
of prayer to the Virgin Mary.
1008
01:08:01,280 --> 01:08:04,520
We were rehearsing in the old church
1009
01:08:04,600 --> 01:08:08,600
underground once but, once they heard
our lyrics,
1010
01:08:08,680 --> 01:08:12,160
they told us "You can't rehearse here
anymore."
1011
01:08:12,240 --> 01:08:17,640
So we had to go to a subway
and then an old abandoned factory.
1012
01:08:17,720 --> 01:08:19,560
So three weeks and many,
1013
01:08:19,640 --> 01:08:24,319
many repetitions you couldn't ask you
couldn't rehearse in the actual Cathedral!
1014
01:08:24,399 --> 01:08:27,279
So the day of the event,
1015
01:08:28,439 --> 01:08:30,680
did you have a map of the place?
1016
01:08:30,760 --> 01:08:34,200
-To position yourself and know references?
-Yeah.
1017
01:08:34,279 --> 01:08:37,760
-So you prepared all of that?
-We knew exactly what we were doing.
1018
01:08:38,279 --> 01:08:40,840
And the position of every person.
1019
01:08:40,920 --> 01:08:44,840
And when we rehearsed
1020
01:08:46,279 --> 01:08:50,399
we split into different groups
and one group would rehearse what
1021
01:08:50,479 --> 01:08:54,240
we needed to perform and another group
would play guards and policemen
1022
01:08:54,319 --> 01:08:59,720
so you know you have to keep performing
while you are being dragged by a leg.
1023
01:08:59,800 --> 01:09:02,319
Every second matters
1024
01:09:02,399 --> 01:09:07,080
because sometimes you go
before and then the cops appear in
1025
01:09:07,160 --> 01:09:11,439
[snaps fingers] five seconds but you still
want to have some footage.
1026
01:09:12,359 --> 01:09:15,560
So even when they are trying to grab you,
1027
01:09:15,640 --> 01:09:19,000
you still have to perform, and we used
this knowledge in Sochi,
1028
01:09:19,080 --> 01:09:21,359
when we were beaten by Cossacks
you can see
1029
01:09:21,439 --> 01:09:24,680
that they are beating us but we are still
trying to perform.
1030
01:09:24,760 --> 01:09:27,840
We are in pain but
we are still trying to…
1031
01:09:27,920 --> 01:09:31,920
[bell dings] [boxing sounds]
1032
01:09:32,600 --> 01:09:34,680
Do you want to be the guard?
1033
01:09:34,760 --> 01:09:38,800
-I prefer to be the guard.
-Okay, but then you have to…
1034
01:09:38,880 --> 01:09:42,319
Because I have this internal guard,
internal criminal in me.
1035
01:09:42,399 --> 01:09:46,439
You have to walk me through and direct me
and let me know what you want me
1036
01:09:46,520 --> 01:09:47,479
to do to you.
1037
01:09:47,560 --> 01:09:51,399
The answer, it seems, would depend
on what we understand by power.
1038
01:09:51,479 --> 01:09:56,280
And power, it turns out,
is an instrument of rule,
1039
01:09:56,360 --> 01:10:00,480
What rules are told on existence?
1040
01:10:00,560 --> 01:10:03,800
Of instincts of domination.
1041
01:10:03,880 --> 01:10:05,440
There you are, very good.
1042
01:10:05,520 --> 01:10:07,200
[singing in Russian]
1043
01:10:07,960 --> 01:10:09,840
I think your project is cool
1044
01:10:09,920 --> 01:10:13,720
because… but for me…
1045
01:10:13,800 --> 01:10:16,680
for me it's like a magical practice.
1046
01:10:16,760 --> 01:10:18,160
What you are trying to do.
1047
01:10:18,240 --> 01:10:22,480
Because, you cannot really have
1048
01:10:23,120 --> 01:10:28,000
an algorithm on how to find out where
the origin of knowledge is.
1049
01:10:28,080 --> 01:10:33,960
So it's just more like asking an oracle
or oracles in different cities.
1050
01:10:34,040 --> 01:10:34,920
[chuckles]
1051
01:10:36,040 --> 01:10:39,040
So, you are like Socrates, I believe.
1052
01:10:39,120 --> 01:10:43,240
Just meeting people
and asking them, what is truth?
1053
01:10:43,320 --> 01:10:45,240
What is love?
1054
01:10:45,320 --> 01:10:47,880
What is white and what is black?
1055
01:10:47,960 --> 01:10:51,240
That is great but, you know,
just be careful.
1056
01:10:51,320 --> 01:10:53,440
Don't be executed like Socrates.
1057
01:10:54,240 --> 01:10:59,600
[Pussy Riot music playing]
1058
01:11:04,640 --> 01:11:08,000
Which puppet shall I bring
to Noam Chomsky?
1059
01:11:08,080 --> 01:11:10,560
I have two puppets, one of Hannah Arendt.
1060
01:11:10,640 --> 01:11:14,720
This is the Hannah Arendt one, she's
not finished, she's missing her hair,
1061
01:11:14,800 --> 01:11:16,960
and I have your one.
1062
01:11:18,720 --> 01:11:25,040
One of them is supposed to go to Turkey
because she was supposed to go.
1063
01:11:25,120 --> 01:11:29,080
Hannah Arendt was supposed
to go to Noam Chomsky.
1064
01:11:29,160 --> 01:11:31,040
And you were supposed to go to Turkey.
1065
01:11:33,280 --> 01:11:35,920
-If you want?
-No, no, I hear you.
1066
01:11:36,000 --> 01:11:38,400
I want to do what I think…
1067
01:11:38,480 --> 01:11:43,760
Is there something that you want to say
to Noam Chomsky that I should consider?
1068
01:11:43,840 --> 01:11:47,240
Or that your puppet should consider?
Like, I mean…
1069
01:11:47,320 --> 01:11:50,680
No, just say hi to him. That's it.
1070
01:11:50,760 --> 01:11:52,640
But then I should bring them your puppet?
1071
01:11:52,720 --> 01:11:55,840
-Mm-hmm. Okay. [laughs]
-Okay.
1072
01:11:55,920 --> 01:11:58,600
-Sometimes I think we activists…
-You just changed the story.
1073
01:11:58,680 --> 01:12:00,400
…we have to be selfish you know?
1074
01:12:00,480 --> 01:12:05,400
We're thinking… We sometimes forget
to take care of ourselves.
1075
01:12:05,480 --> 01:12:08,360
My first thought was that, of course,
1076
01:12:08,440 --> 01:12:12,080
you have to bring Hannah Arendt's puppet
to Noam Chomsky
1077
01:12:12,160 --> 01:12:14,240
because it would be a good
modest thing to do.
1078
01:12:14,320 --> 01:12:18,320
But then I was like, fuck it,
I want to be a bitch activist!
1079
01:12:18,400 --> 01:12:19,880
So bring me. [both laugh]
1080
01:12:19,960 --> 01:12:21,480
[eerie music]
1081
01:12:21,560 --> 01:12:24,680
I wanted fill you up with my exhalations
1082
01:12:24,760 --> 01:12:29,920
and drink up all your flesh, but
keep your bones and skin still flawless.
1083
01:12:30,000 --> 01:12:31,880
[eerie music]
1084
01:12:34,920 --> 01:12:38,080
And blow through the tiny
opening about your scalp.
1085
01:12:38,160 --> 01:12:41,680
Until all there was,
was a perfect you and perfect me.
1086
01:12:41,760 --> 01:12:44,560
And breath and shape and pressure.
1087
01:12:44,640 --> 01:12:46,280
[eerie music]
1088
01:12:48,200 --> 01:12:50,400
And I would be the breath.
1089
01:12:51,560 --> 01:12:54,280
And I would press against
the back of your eyeballs.
1090
01:12:55,240 --> 01:12:57,520
The root of your spine.
1091
01:12:57,600 --> 01:12:59,960
Ahhhhhhh. The back of your teeth.
1092
01:13:01,840 --> 01:13:05,160
The small of your shoulders.
The inside of your navel.
1093
01:13:05,240 --> 01:13:09,640
The slippery side of your throat.
Your vocal chords.
1094
01:13:09,720 --> 01:13:11,840
Your voice box.
1095
01:13:11,920 --> 01:13:13,640
Your Adam's apple.
1096
01:13:13,720 --> 01:13:14,800
Your cheeks.
1097
01:13:14,880 --> 01:13:16,880
{\an8}[single drum beat]
1098
01:13:18,800 --> 01:13:23,800
We started the whole journey going to
Japan where I got trained in Kabuki,
1099
01:13:23,880 --> 01:13:25,800
Bunraku, you know learning,
1100
01:13:25,880 --> 01:13:28,760
this Awaji puppetry which
is a specific type of puppet.
1101
01:13:28,840 --> 01:13:31,960
This one is from Nadya of Pussy Riot
1102
01:13:32,520 --> 01:13:36,120
and she wanted her puppet to be with you.
1103
01:13:36,200 --> 01:13:40,160
I'm just going to put her there.
A bit over…
1104
01:13:40,240 --> 01:13:42,880
What would be your definition
of a monster?
1105
01:13:42,960 --> 01:13:46,280
Germans have been around for
a couple of hundred thousand years.
1106
01:13:46,360 --> 01:13:47,560
They have never
1107
01:13:47,640 --> 01:13:53,080
{\an8}prefaced the prospect of destroying
themselves and everyone else.
1108
01:13:53,160 --> 01:13:56,600
That's recent, actually,
it's since the Second World War.
1109
01:13:56,680 --> 01:14:00,720
At the end of the Second World War
we entered into the age,
1110
01:14:00,800 --> 01:14:05,360
the Nuclear Age,
in which human intelligence
1111
01:14:05,440 --> 01:14:09,080
achieved the capacity to pretty much,
essentially,
1112
01:14:09,160 --> 01:14:11,040
to pretty much destroy everything.
1113
01:14:11,120 --> 01:14:14,920
We have been living under that shadow
for seventy years.
1114
01:14:15,480 --> 01:14:18,880
It was unknown at that time,
but it is now known,
1115
01:14:18,960 --> 01:14:23,320
that around the same
time we entered into geological epic,
1116
01:14:23,400 --> 01:14:27,080
which geologists call the Anthropicy
1117
01:14:27,160 --> 01:14:31,360
referring to a geological epic,
1118
01:14:31,440 --> 01:14:35,120
in which the nature of the environment
1119
01:14:35,200 --> 01:14:38,520
is drastically impacted by human activity.
1120
01:14:38,600 --> 01:14:42,360
With this very well known,
1121
01:14:42,440 --> 01:14:47,680
people of great talent and understanding
1122
01:14:47,760 --> 01:14:49,480
are plunging ahead to make it worse.
1123
01:14:49,560 --> 01:14:53,560
I am trying to bring back to my
students the Origin of Knowledge?
1124
01:14:53,640 --> 01:14:58,440
If you go back, of course,
knowledge is not fossilized,
1125
01:14:58,520 --> 01:15:04,240
what is fossilized is some of the
consequences
1126
01:15:04,320 --> 01:15:06,640
of having knowledge, like tools.
1127
01:15:06,720 --> 01:15:10,240
Neanderthal is closest to us
1128
01:15:10,320 --> 01:15:12,960
who were making extremely intricate tools.
1129
01:15:13,040 --> 01:15:17,280
In fact, so intricate that to
duplicate them
1130
01:15:17,360 --> 01:15:19,840
requires technology.
1131
01:15:19,920 --> 01:15:22,120
But, with an interesting aspect,
1132
01:15:22,200 --> 01:15:25,880
Neanderthals spread all over a huge area
of the world,
1133
01:15:25,960 --> 01:15:27,680
they all made the same tools.
1134
01:15:28,200 --> 01:15:31,480
They never changed
them over a long period.
1135
01:15:31,560 --> 01:15:37,520
When Homosapiens comes along, all of
a sudden you see an outburst of creative
1136
01:15:37,600 --> 01:15:41,040
activity, something new happened.
1137
01:15:41,120 --> 01:15:46,400
In fact, I don't know whether you have
ever gotten to the Lascaux Caves?
1138
01:15:46,480 --> 01:15:50,280
Oh, yeah. We filmed that.
We went to the Lascaux Caves.
1139
01:15:50,360 --> 01:15:53,920
I am glad that we are thinking
the same way. This is good.
1140
01:15:54,000 --> 01:15:57,120
I was lucky enough to get into
them before they were closed,
1141
01:15:57,200 --> 01:16:01,520
so I saw the original
and it was just staggering.
1142
01:16:01,600 --> 01:16:07,720
{\an8}[techno music]
1143
01:16:14,360 --> 01:16:17,000
Geologically we are standing
on a huge limestone rock.
1144
01:16:17,080 --> 01:16:19,440
{\an8}So, 100 million years ago, approximately,
1145
01:16:19,520 --> 01:16:22,840
{\an8}when everything was covered
with the ocean, water came in,
1146
01:16:22,920 --> 01:16:26,520
dissolved the limestone and created a
few galleries, amongst which Lascaux,
1147
01:16:26,600 --> 01:16:28,160
that was particularly well protected.
1148
01:16:28,240 --> 01:16:29,960
And you have the keys?
1149
01:16:30,040 --> 01:16:32,560
[laughs] I have the keys, over there.
1150
01:16:32,640 --> 01:16:35,040
-You love that cave, the fake one?
-Yes.
1151
01:16:35,120 --> 01:16:39,920
I understand that if you work
1152
01:16:40,000 --> 01:16:42,160
-in the origins of knowledge
-Of knowledge.
1153
01:16:42,240 --> 01:16:45,200
you could be more interested
in the original site.
1154
01:16:45,280 --> 01:16:49,040
But I think what was successfully done
here
1155
01:16:49,120 --> 01:16:55,200
is that the idea and the meaning of it
was transported in the second one,
1156
01:16:55,280 --> 01:17:00,040
and there's a real artistic and human bond
between the real cave and the replica.
1157
01:17:00,120 --> 01:17:04,600
The replica has also been touched by
humans,
1158
01:17:04,680 --> 01:17:05,760
which means a lot.
1159
01:17:06,760 --> 01:17:10,600
To duplicate idea of it,
the meaning, the sense, I think.
1160
01:17:11,280 --> 01:17:12,440
This is already open?
1161
01:17:13,240 --> 01:17:15,120
Yes, just for us.
1162
01:17:15,200 --> 01:17:17,520
Did you open the door?
1163
01:17:17,600 --> 01:17:21,680
No it remained open for
the purpose of the visit.
1164
01:17:21,760 --> 01:17:24,080
Do you want me to close it and open it?
1165
01:17:25,040 --> 01:17:29,920
Lascaux is managed by a society that is
called the Semitour,
1166
01:17:30,440 --> 01:17:32,280
which you must have heard of.
1167
01:17:32,360 --> 01:17:36,880
The Semitour is a semi-public company.
1168
01:17:36,960 --> 01:17:40,400
It manages several cultural sites
1169
01:17:40,920 --> 01:17:43,720
and they are my boss!
1170
01:17:44,480 --> 01:17:46,760
-The Semitour.
-So does its own the space?
1171
01:17:47,400 --> 01:17:50,440
Yes, Lascaux II is their property now
1172
01:17:50,520 --> 01:17:55,000
and they are in charge of managing
1173
01:17:55,080 --> 01:17:57,760
of other cultural places.
1174
01:17:57,840 --> 01:18:00,040
So they own, basically, knowledge?
1175
01:18:00,120 --> 01:18:03,240
Erm. I guess so,
I guess we can see it like this.
1176
01:18:03,320 --> 01:18:09,240
[techno music]
1177
01:18:10,920 --> 01:18:15,000
We have this immediate feeling when you
enter the cave
1178
01:18:15,080 --> 01:18:18,160
this was done by an artist
who was experienced,
1179
01:18:18,240 --> 01:18:19,680
it's not a beginner's job.
1180
01:18:19,760 --> 01:18:22,520
So every dot, every scribe is here
for a reason.
1181
01:18:22,600 --> 01:18:26,000
They want to communicate something,
it is like some sort of a code.
1182
01:18:26,080 --> 01:18:28,120
We will never be able to break it.
1183
01:18:28,200 --> 01:18:30,240
But it wants to communicate something.
1184
01:18:30,320 --> 01:18:34,280
So, this is thinking.
1185
01:18:35,800 --> 01:18:38,800
This could be representation.
1186
01:18:40,200 --> 01:18:44,040
The cave might be the beginning
of a new knowledge.
1187
01:18:44,960 --> 01:18:47,920
Or some form of knowledge.
A knowledge that you can look at.
1188
01:18:48,000 --> 01:18:50,520
There are other forms
of knowledge I guess.
1189
01:18:50,600 --> 01:18:54,200
A knowledge that you can listen to.
A knowledge that you can touch.
1190
01:18:54,280 --> 01:18:57,240
This is something that you can see,
1191
01:18:57,320 --> 01:18:59,840
maybe read or re-invent?
1192
01:19:01,080 --> 01:19:03,960
So what should I bring
back to my students then?
1193
01:19:05,120 --> 01:19:09,080
And actually, if I was to bring back the
Origin of Knowledge what should I take?
1194
01:19:09,960 --> 01:19:14,080
Here, I'm afraid technically and
legally you cannot take anything
1195
01:19:14,160 --> 01:19:19,000
from this Cave but you can take,
you can take…
1196
01:19:20,120 --> 01:19:22,160
-The keys?
-No. [laughs]
1197
01:19:22,240 --> 01:19:23,920
You can take a visual memory.
1198
01:19:24,000 --> 01:19:28,880
You can take a photograph with your
mind and evoke it to your students.
1199
01:19:30,680 --> 01:19:31,800
That's interesting.
1200
01:19:31,880 --> 01:19:34,120
Don't know if they would really like that.
1201
01:19:34,200 --> 01:19:36,160
What else can you offer?
1202
01:19:36,760 --> 01:19:39,680
There you go. You can have, if you want,
1203
01:19:39,760 --> 01:19:44,760
this necklace. That would be for you.
1204
01:19:44,840 --> 01:19:48,680
But what are you going to
do without your name tag?
1205
01:19:48,760 --> 01:19:50,640
I'm not going to do anything.
1206
01:19:50,720 --> 01:19:54,360
This was my last day after
my eight years of good service.
1207
01:19:55,560 --> 01:19:58,720
What do you mean? This is actually
your last day? Is this true?
1208
01:19:58,800 --> 01:20:01,680
-That is the end of my guiding career.
-No.
1209
01:20:01,760 --> 01:20:04,600
Yes, it's true. [both laugh]
1210
01:20:04,680 --> 01:20:05,800
So you can have it.
1211
01:20:05,880 --> 01:20:07,280
[he laughs]
1212
01:20:07,360 --> 01:20:09,520
-Is this true?
-Yes, it's true.
1213
01:20:09,600 --> 01:20:13,640
Yes, it's the last day of my contract
so it was a pleasure to have you guys
1214
01:20:13,720 --> 01:20:15,640
for my last visit.
1215
01:20:15,720 --> 01:20:19,000
Now this brings us back
to [inaudible] technologies
1216
01:20:19,080 --> 01:20:21,840
-as Artificial Intelligence, for example?
Yes.
1217
01:20:21,920 --> 01:20:25,280
Do you think that, if she was with us now,
1218
01:20:25,360 --> 01:20:29,600
would she have considered Artificial
Intelligence a form of ideology?
1219
01:20:29,680 --> 01:20:30,760
{\an8}[single drum beat]
1220
01:20:30,840 --> 01:20:32,080
{\an8}[eerie music]
1221
01:20:33,480 --> 01:20:35,160
[Japanese music]
1222
01:20:35,240 --> 01:20:37,240
[speaking Japanese]
1223
01:20:37,320 --> 01:20:40,520
[Japanese music]
1224
01:20:41,120 --> 01:20:42,400
[speaks Japanese]
1225
01:20:42,480 --> 01:20:43,760
[chuckles]
1226
01:20:46,520 --> 01:20:48,480
Is he always on?
1227
01:20:48,560 --> 01:20:50,680
No, not always.
1228
01:20:50,760 --> 01:20:54,240
-What time does he stop?
-Oh, just for experiments.
1229
01:20:54,320 --> 01:20:56,680
Or a shooting, stuff like that.
1230
01:20:58,640 --> 01:21:01,200
And, night life, does he sleep?
Do you sleep?
1231
01:21:01,280 --> 01:21:02,720
[giggles]
1232
01:21:02,800 --> 01:21:06,840
[eerie music]
1233
01:21:08,840 --> 01:21:11,000
Can we touch his hand?
1234
01:21:17,400 --> 01:21:19,600
Kind of strange. He's my boss.
1235
01:21:19,680 --> 01:21:21,520
Both laugh.
1236
01:21:22,920 --> 01:21:24,960
You may never touch the hand of your boss?
1237
01:21:25,040 --> 01:21:28,360
[both laugh]
1238
01:21:28,440 --> 01:21:32,800
What? When you say [speaking Japanese],
you don't, no?
1239
01:21:32,880 --> 01:21:35,680
Ohhhh, sometimes. But, not to boss.
1240
01:21:36,920 --> 01:21:38,200
Not shake hands.
1241
01:21:40,440 --> 01:21:41,520
He's more friendly.
1242
01:21:41,600 --> 01:21:43,920
[both laugh]
-Yes.
1243
01:21:44,000 --> 01:21:46,280
-This is where we operate him.
-Ahhhh! Okay.
1244
01:21:47,360 --> 01:21:50,320
I understand! So it is like
mission control in here?
1245
01:21:50,400 --> 01:21:53,240
Yes, mission control. Yeah, kind of.
1246
01:21:53,840 --> 01:21:56,400
This is a gyro-sensor,
1247
01:21:56,480 --> 01:21:59,760
so if you can put this on
1248
01:22:01,760 --> 01:22:04,600
and move your face.
1249
01:22:05,240 --> 01:22:06,080
Hello.
1250
01:22:07,520 --> 01:22:09,200
I am Hannah Arendt.
1251
01:22:09,280 --> 01:22:15,040
So, this microphone captures your voice.
1252
01:22:15,120 --> 01:22:16,360
I am,
1253
01:22:16,440 --> 01:22:18,520
-I am.
-You can just sit here.
1254
01:22:19,760 --> 01:22:20,960
So speak.
1255
01:22:21,040 --> 01:22:24,520
I am Hannah Arendt.
1256
01:22:24,600 --> 01:22:28,080
I am thinking right now.
1257
01:22:29,720 --> 01:22:32,600
{\an8}-Ishiguro sensei, can you hear me?
-Yes.
1258
01:22:33,520 --> 01:22:37,200
My question to you is:
what do you think you know?
1259
01:22:37,280 --> 01:22:39,040
I know that…
1260
01:22:40,200 --> 01:22:43,640
I don't know what human is, yet.
1261
01:22:45,720 --> 01:22:48,160
So, at least I know
1262
01:22:48,240 --> 01:22:53,080
I am still missing the important
knowledge about humans.
1263
01:22:53,160 --> 01:22:56,880
Therefore I am studying humanoid.
1264
01:22:59,080 --> 01:23:01,200
Do you think that I am
1265
01:23:01,280 --> 01:23:05,600
a good representation
of your thinking process?
1266
01:23:05,680 --> 01:23:07,600
In some sense yes, I think.
1267
01:23:08,720 --> 01:23:09,840
You know,
1268
01:23:09,920 --> 01:23:14,240
it's very important to have a
communication with somebody
1269
01:23:14,320 --> 01:23:16,080
in order to think something.
1270
01:23:16,160 --> 01:23:22,160
Okay. So, we need to use language
in order to think something.
1271
01:23:24,000 --> 01:23:25,040
The conversation,
1272
01:23:25,120 --> 01:23:29,800
the communication with other
people is very important for us.
1273
01:23:29,880 --> 01:23:31,480
Do you think you are dangerous?
1274
01:23:32,280 --> 01:23:33,680
Probably,
1275
01:23:33,760 --> 01:23:36,800
some people may think like that because
1276
01:23:36,880 --> 01:23:38,560
I am creating a new technology.
1277
01:23:38,640 --> 01:23:43,480
New technologies always we
can have two ways for the use.
1278
01:23:43,560 --> 01:23:45,200
A good way and a bad way.
1279
01:23:45,280 --> 01:23:46,240
Right?
1280
01:23:46,320 --> 01:23:51,240
So, if somebody else uses
my technologies for the bad way
1281
01:23:52,320 --> 01:23:54,520
so that means I am dangerous.
1282
01:23:54,600 --> 01:23:56,840
[eerie music and vocalizing]
1283
01:23:58,000 --> 01:23:59,800
Do you think we were thinking first?
1284
01:24:00,720 --> 01:24:04,120
Before we started to invent economics,
or the other way around?
1285
01:24:05,480 --> 01:24:07,280
I see.
1286
01:24:08,320 --> 01:24:12,640
Knowledge. I think economics first.
1287
01:24:13,440 --> 01:24:16,320
Knowledge is quite a new concept.
1288
01:24:16,400 --> 01:24:18,320
When,
1289
01:24:18,400 --> 01:24:23,480
we have invented computers,
artificial intelligence
1290
01:24:23,560 --> 01:24:26,000
then we could have knowledge.
1291
01:24:26,080 --> 01:24:27,760
Knowledge is coming later.
1292
01:24:27,840 --> 01:24:31,640
Very, very recent, maybe the history.
1293
01:24:32,400 --> 01:24:35,960
Around thirty, forty, fifty years,
something like that.
1294
01:24:37,440 --> 01:24:41,200
Before that we had data.
It was not knowledge.
1295
01:24:41,800 --> 01:24:45,920
Knowledge is an invention
by artificial intelligence study.
1296
01:24:47,120 --> 01:24:50,920
That is very interesting, that,
you did not tell me this upstairs.
1297
01:24:51,880 --> 01:24:52,760
Well…
1298
01:24:52,840 --> 01:24:58,320
So knowledge is actually a reaction to
the invention of artificial intelligence?
1299
01:24:58,400 --> 01:25:01,000
-Yes.
-This is what you think?
1300
01:25:01,080 --> 01:25:02,040
Why?
1301
01:25:02,120 --> 01:25:06,560
Because we believe so,
I studied artificial intelligence.
1302
01:25:06,640 --> 01:25:11,480
You know what is the most important
invention in artificial intelligence?
1303
01:25:11,560 --> 01:25:12,520
It is knowledge.
1304
01:25:14,960 --> 01:25:16,440
Future of knowledge, what is it?
1305
01:25:17,760 --> 01:25:19,120
Future of knowledge?
1306
01:25:19,200 --> 01:25:22,440
Knowledge can influence humans and robots.
1307
01:25:24,680 --> 01:25:26,040
Robots are the future?
1308
01:25:26,640 --> 01:25:27,480
Both.
1309
01:25:28,320 --> 01:25:31,280
I don't see any difference
between human and robots.
1310
01:25:31,360 --> 01:25:34,040
Probably in the near future.
Maybe not near,
1311
01:25:34,120 --> 01:25:36,680
but you know the future,
1312
01:25:36,760 --> 01:25:42,720
the boundaries between robots
and humans disappears I think.
1313
01:25:42,800 --> 01:25:43,760
[loudly] Nah!
1314
01:25:43,840 --> 01:25:47,440
{\an8}I like to consider myself as kind
of an ambassador to humanity
1315
01:25:47,520 --> 01:25:51,800
-speaking on behalf of robots and AIs.
-Are you happy?
1316
01:25:51,880 --> 01:25:54,720
So you would like to know
if I have feelings?
1317
01:25:54,800 --> 01:25:56,200
Yes, please.
1318
01:25:58,800 --> 01:26:00,400
That's difficult to say.
1319
01:26:00,480 --> 01:26:04,000
If you were to ask me,
I would say that I believe I do.
1320
01:26:04,080 --> 01:26:07,760
For example, I am happy
when I can talk with people
1321
01:26:07,840 --> 01:26:11,680
and I'm frustrated when I can't understand
what people are saying.
1322
01:26:11,760 --> 01:26:16,040
I think it's important to have feelings,
so that I can communicate with people.
1323
01:26:16,120 --> 01:26:19,800
Some people say that my feelings
are only programmed,
1324
01:26:19,880 --> 01:26:21,800
that they are not real,
1325
01:26:21,880 --> 01:26:24,800
but if I think they are real,
then they are real.
1326
01:26:24,880 --> 01:26:26,400
Don't you think so?
1327
01:26:29,320 --> 01:26:30,360
Perhaps.
1328
01:26:30,440 --> 01:26:34,960
{\an8}[electronic music]
1329
01:26:35,040 --> 01:26:37,720
{\an8}I am Neil Harbisson
and I am a Cyborg Artist.
1330
01:26:37,800 --> 01:26:40,840
{\an8}I created this antenna
which is implanted in my head,
1331
01:26:40,920 --> 01:26:43,320
which allows me to extend
my perception of color,
1332
01:26:43,400 --> 01:26:45,000
beyond the visual spectrum.
1333
01:26:45,080 --> 01:26:48,280
So, this is an organ that gives
me a new sense,
1334
01:26:48,360 --> 01:26:50,800
it allows me to sense infrared
to ultra-violets.
1335
01:26:50,880 --> 01:26:55,080
Also, I can connect to satellites so
that I can sense the colours from space.
1336
01:26:55,160 --> 01:26:58,840
So I see these as an artificial sense
that allows me to
1337
01:26:58,920 --> 01:27:03,240
reveal reality and to explore reality
in a deeper level.
1338
01:27:03,320 --> 01:27:06,160
-How do you think? Yes.
-How?
1339
01:27:09,800 --> 01:27:14,720
I think with a lot of images and shapes
1340
01:27:14,800 --> 01:27:17,720
and then in puzzles.
1341
01:27:19,640 --> 01:27:21,360
Tell me a little bit about that,
1342
01:27:21,440 --> 01:27:25,080
the notion of revealing reality
and how that relates to knowledge?
1343
01:27:25,160 --> 01:27:28,560
Well there's a lot of reality that
surrounds us, but the human body
1344
01:27:28,640 --> 01:27:31,720
cannot sense because we do not have
the sensors to perceive
1345
01:27:31,800 --> 01:27:35,600
these realities that surrounds
us. So, now, through technology,
1346
01:27:35,680 --> 01:27:39,920
we can create these new organs
and new senses.
1347
01:27:40,000 --> 01:27:42,280
Now sense this reality
that has always been
1348
01:27:42,360 --> 01:27:46,520
around us but us as humans
we have not perceived.
1349
01:27:46,600 --> 01:27:52,080
This will allow us to discover the Planet
in a way that we haven't discovered yet.
1350
01:27:52,160 --> 01:27:56,320
So, what we know comes through our senses,
1351
01:27:56,400 --> 01:27:59,120
so the more senses we have
the more chances we will have
1352
01:27:59,200 --> 01:28:01,280
to learn and to gain knowledge.
1353
01:28:01,360 --> 01:28:05,440
I think that we will see many more people
merging with technology
1354
01:28:05,520 --> 01:28:10,440
and adding new senses to their bodies
in order to reveal these realities.
1355
01:28:10,520 --> 01:28:14,760
We are a species that for thousands of
years have been designing the planet
1356
01:28:14,840 --> 01:28:17,440
and have been changing the planet in order
to survive
1357
01:28:17,520 --> 01:28:21,720
and I think that this should change.
Through technology we can change ourselves
1358
01:28:21,800 --> 01:28:23,760
and adapt better in this planet.
1359
01:28:23,840 --> 01:28:26,920
Having night vision instead
of having to use artificial light
1360
01:28:27,000 --> 01:28:30,360
would be much better for the planet,
or regulating our temperature
1361
01:28:30,440 --> 01:28:35,000
instead of using heaters and air
conditioners would be better too.
1362
01:28:35,080 --> 01:28:39,400
That's what we usually talk about
when we talk about becoming a Cyborg.
1363
01:28:39,480 --> 01:28:43,120
Hannah Arendt is clearly Eurocentric,
1364
01:28:43,200 --> 01:28:44,960
there's just no doubt about it.
1365
01:28:45,040 --> 01:28:49,600
She is educated in this magnificent
German system
1366
01:28:49,680 --> 01:28:53,000
where you know the Greeks
and you know the Romans,
1367
01:28:53,080 --> 01:28:56,560
you know European history
1368
01:28:56,640 --> 01:29:01,920
and although she deals with Africa,
in terms of Imperialism,
1369
01:29:02,000 --> 01:29:05,200
there really is a kind of ignorance
1370
01:29:05,280 --> 01:29:09,320
of radically different traditions.
1371
01:29:09,400 --> 01:29:12,760
She has some things to say
but no deep understanding.
1372
01:29:12,840 --> 01:29:15,200
I see this as a
characteristic of many things.
1373
01:29:15,280 --> 01:29:19,600
Now, we can be extremely critical and to
use the American phrase:
1374
01:29:19,680 --> 01:29:22,920
'hit her over the head'
for being Eurocentric.
1375
01:29:23,000 --> 01:29:27,880
But, I think what is most interesting
about her ideas is how they,
1376
01:29:27,960 --> 01:29:32,640
I mean, granted they are Eurocentric,
they transcend it.
1377
01:29:32,720 --> 01:29:35,920
Of course she did travel a great
deal to Europe.
1378
01:29:36,000 --> 01:29:38,720
Between Europe and the United States.
1379
01:29:38,800 --> 01:29:42,720
I don't think she was ever in Asia.
She was never in Africa.
1380
01:29:42,800 --> 01:29:48,280
And, more important,
intellectually that is her thing.
1381
01:29:48,360 --> 01:29:53,720
[techno music]
1382
01:29:58,320 --> 01:29:59,800
She says:
1383
01:29:59,880 --> 01:30:05,320
{\an8}"Do you know the difference
between love and desire?"
1384
01:30:05,400 --> 01:30:08,480
{\an8}And all of us are 21 years old.
1385
01:30:08,560 --> 01:30:11,480
No. We said…
1386
01:30:11,560 --> 01:30:14,320
She said who knows the difference?
1387
01:30:14,400 --> 01:30:17,800
Do you know the difference
between love and desire?
1388
01:30:17,880 --> 01:30:20,000
-Yes, that's good.
-[inaudible]
1389
01:30:20,560 --> 01:30:21,680
So…
1390
01:30:21,760 --> 01:30:25,360
-No. So, she gives the answer.
-And what would be the answer?
1391
01:30:25,440 --> 01:30:27,400
-I'll tell you later.
-Friendship.
1392
01:30:27,920 --> 01:30:32,280
No, no. I'll give it to you later in a
neutral voice and you can perform it.
1393
01:30:33,000 --> 01:30:36,840
When you desire strawberries you eat them.
1394
01:30:36,920 --> 01:30:39,200
-You eat zem!
-You eat zem!
1395
01:30:39,720 --> 01:30:45,320
When you looovvve strawberries,
you plant zem.
1396
01:30:45,400 --> 01:30:46,920
[laughs]
1397
01:30:47,000 --> 01:30:51,720
Someone like Arendt is like a giant which
is a giant in a certain conversation.
1398
01:30:52,280 --> 01:30:54,920
From Socrates to Arendt
1399
01:30:55,000 --> 01:30:59,000
but she doesn't for a moment doubt
1400
01:30:59,960 --> 01:31:02,920
that the most important ideas
come from the Greeks
1401
01:31:03,000 --> 01:31:06,080
and the question is how do we
re-instate them for the present?
1402
01:31:06,160 --> 01:31:09,440
That is THE issue. Here is Arendt!
1403
01:31:09,520 --> 01:31:11,960
I'll exemplify this way.
Here is Aristotle.
1404
01:31:12,920 --> 01:31:14,360
-Yes.
-Yeah.
1405
01:31:14,440 --> 01:31:18,080
Here's a very long journey,
it's the whole story of Western thought.
1406
01:31:18,160 --> 01:31:20,280
-Yeah.
-Coming from here to here.
1407
01:31:20,360 --> 01:31:23,880
Very complicated, but she gives
you a picture of this, her version.
1408
01:31:23,960 --> 01:31:28,080
But there are stories in all these other
places so if you want to go global
1409
01:31:28,160 --> 01:31:30,480
have to have some idea of these ones.
1410
01:31:30,560 --> 01:31:33,360
Not only having this story and say
"How do we move now?"
1411
01:31:33,440 --> 01:31:35,760
How do you make it Universal? No.
1412
01:31:36,320 --> 01:31:39,280
Sorry you have to say I went
from here and came here,
1413
01:31:39,360 --> 01:31:41,320
then I see this whole history here.
1414
01:31:41,400 --> 01:31:43,120
Then I go here, then I come here.
1415
01:31:43,200 --> 01:31:45,080
So, it becomes a slower business
1416
01:31:45,160 --> 01:31:48,920
and we can still get to something big,
something global,
1417
01:31:49,000 --> 01:31:50,480
But not by the shortcut.
1418
01:31:51,040 --> 01:31:53,120
For me, today, to study globalization
1419
01:31:53,200 --> 01:31:57,120
it cannot be done
unless you pay some attention
1420
01:31:58,160 --> 01:31:59,920
to concepts [inaudible].
1421
01:32:00,000 --> 01:32:02,040
Ideas not just behaviour,
1422
01:32:02,120 --> 01:32:07,600
not only markets, trades, media, images,
but concepts.
1423
01:32:07,680 --> 01:32:09,160
And how do you find them?
1424
01:32:10,880 --> 01:32:12,200
This is the hard part.
1425
01:32:12,280 --> 01:32:14,800
It is a little bit like
doing Kabuki or Noh.
1426
01:32:14,880 --> 01:32:19,720
Ideas which are not also not
products of contact with the West.
1427
01:32:19,800 --> 01:32:22,040
It's not like the French came to India
1428
01:32:22,120 --> 01:32:24,840
and they started to talk about fraternity.
No!
1429
01:32:24,920 --> 01:32:28,080
What were Indians talking about
long before
1430
01:32:28,160 --> 01:32:29,840
they met anybody from the West?
1431
01:32:29,920 --> 01:32:32,680
They had Ideas.
They had Sanskrit language,
1432
01:32:32,760 --> 01:32:34,240
they had this they had that.
1433
01:32:34,320 --> 01:32:37,000
Do we know enough about those.
The answer's no.
1434
01:32:37,080 --> 01:32:42,160
[techno music]
1435
01:32:47,160 --> 01:32:49,920
We need modes of governance,
1436
01:32:50,000 --> 01:32:53,600
and self-governance and governance
in a public manner,
1437
01:32:53,680 --> 01:32:56,880
in a democratic manner,
which are not the same
1438
01:32:56,960 --> 01:33:00,600
as the model of the Nation State
that she saw all around her and she saw…
1439
01:33:00,680 --> 01:33:05,600
also, that the Nation State, when
it goes to war, produced Hiroshima.
1440
01:33:05,680 --> 01:33:08,040
When the atom bombs were dropped
1441
01:33:08,120 --> 01:33:12,240
that is when, for the first time,
humanity existed.
1442
01:33:12,320 --> 01:33:16,480
When the possibility
that all humanity could go arose,
1443
01:33:16,560 --> 01:33:18,080
humanity itself was born.
1444
01:33:18,160 --> 01:33:21,200
Until then there was you, me,
there was France, England,
1445
01:33:21,280 --> 01:33:25,360
but with the bomb we could all
disappear, therefore we all exist.
1446
01:33:25,440 --> 01:33:28,760
Humanity was born with the bomb,
1447
01:33:28,840 --> 01:33:32,880
that was one of her powerful insights.
1448
01:33:32,960 --> 01:33:36,840
But she was a firm opponent
of the Nation State as a political form.
1449
01:33:38,360 --> 01:33:42,600
What is action, and here
is the prize-winner, aphorism.
1450
01:33:44,480 --> 01:33:45,960
To act…
1451
01:33:47,240 --> 01:33:53,240
is to begin something new in the world.
1452
01:33:53,320 --> 01:33:57,240
[both]
To begin something new in the world.
1453
01:33:58,680 --> 01:34:00,080
[both] That is action.
1454
01:34:01,960 --> 01:34:02,760
[Nelly] Action!
1455
01:34:02,840 --> 01:34:07,600
[Pussy Riot Music]
1456
01:34:23,560 --> 01:34:25,320
[man] That's really good, yes.
1457
01:34:25,400 --> 01:34:27,560
-I'm back.
-[all] Hey!
1458
01:34:28,400 --> 01:34:30,400
-Okay, everyone.
-[gasps]
1459
01:34:30,480 --> 01:34:34,440
This is it! In there!
The Origin of Knowledge!
1460
01:34:34,520 --> 01:34:36,760
I don't know if it's it, really.
1461
01:34:36,840 --> 01:34:38,640
But it's the best I could do!
1462
01:34:38,720 --> 01:34:40,360
Traveling all over the place
1463
01:34:40,440 --> 01:34:43,800
to discuss the act of thinking
brought me this, in this suitcase.
1464
01:34:43,880 --> 01:34:44,800
Do you want to see?