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We are ready to go inside the tomb.
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Oh, my God, wow!
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In a newly opened,
3,000-year-old tomb,
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archaeologists investigate
the last mystery
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of the boy king, Tutankhamun.
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A lot of human remains
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a lot of skeletons.
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I need more light.
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Oh, my God.
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Skulls everywhere.
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Wow.
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It looks like it could be a mummy.
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The Valley of the Kings,
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an ancient desert necropolis
and, in the second millennium BC,
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the final resting place of the pharaohs
of Egypt's new kingdom.
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Here, 100 years ago,
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archaeologists made
one of their greatest ever discoveries.
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They found the most spectacular
treasures ever recovered
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from one of the most alluring
civilizations in human history,
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the lost tomb of Tutankhamun.
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Tutankhamun became Egypt's pharaoh
at just nine years old.
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He died only ten years later.
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The boy king
and the treasures buried with him
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made headlines around the world.
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But compared to other pharaoh's tombs,
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Tutankhamun's burial chamber
is small and poorly decorated.
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Why is he buried
in such uninspiring surroundings?
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What could it reveal about his life?
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Now, at sites across Egypt,
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we follow teams of archaeologists
and investigators,
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working to unlock
Tutankhamun's last mystery.
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Wow. It's wow, wow, wow, wow.
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Egyptologist, Aliaa Ismail,
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has worked
in the Valley of the Kings since 2014.
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At just 30, she leads a team
of fellow Egyptians
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who in a world first time
are digitally reconstructing the
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valley's tombs, and recording
them for posterity.
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They're searching for clues
as to how King Tutankhamun's tomb
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was built that might explain the mystery
of his strange burial.
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This tomb is very small and you notice
that once you get in.
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Also, the figures, they look very
different from other tombs in the valley.
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They're almost like child's drawing.
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Immediately I can understand that
there's something wrong with this tomb.
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Deep inside
the valley of the kings,
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tunnels burrow deep into the rock.
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In the largest tomb,
there are more than 100 chambers.
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In the center of the valley
lies the most famous tomb of all,
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the tomb of Tutankhamun.
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It was discovered full of treasures
and with a coffin
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made of over 240 pounds of solid gold.
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But all this was packed
into just four tiny rooms.
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Archaeologists have studied
the tomb for a century,
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but it's still to give up
all of its secrets.
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There is certainly something
not right about this tomb.
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It's very different from other tombs
in the Valley of the Kings.
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To better
understand the strangeness
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of Tutankhamun's tomb,
Aliaa compares it to a tomb
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created less than 50 years
after Tutankhamun's burial,
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the tomb of Seti I.
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Seti's tomb has ten rooms compared
to Tutankhamun's four.
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Most of these rooms
were likely full of treasures.
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They are still lined with stunningly
carved and painted reliefs.
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It's spectacular
compared to Tutankhamun's.
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Here you can see so much work,
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so much effort has been put
into making this tomb
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what it is today.
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Aliaa uses
the world's most precise
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- 3
- D scanner to map the walls of Seti's tomb.
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She compares her results
to the scans
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the team have already made
of Tutankhamun's tomb.
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The scans allow Aliaa
to analyze the tomb's carvings
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and paintings and compare the level
of craftsmanship at work in each.
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The comparison could reveal
crucial information
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about Tutankhamun's last days
and may explain why he ended up
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in such a tiny and poorly decorated tomb.
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We are trying to get
all the little details that
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one wouldn't see with our eyes,
out into the scanners.
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What lost details
will Aliaa's scans reveal?
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Can they explain the mystery
of Tutankhamun's tomb?
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In Gebel el-Silsila,
Swedish archaeologist, Maria Nilsson,
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and her British husband,
Archaeologist John Ward,
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are heading out to a dig
for the first time
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since the global COVID pandemic
forced them off site.
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It's gonna be an amazing day today.
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I expect the same.
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Maria and John
are picking up where they left off.
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They are following the lead
of a 120-year-old archaeological report
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that briefly mentions
a now lost temple.
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The report doesn't describe
the temple itself,
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but it does describe its location,
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claiming that it once stood
on the Nile's West Bank
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where the quarry workers' village lies.
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When they were last here,
Maria and John dated the
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quarry workers' village
to the reign of Tutankhamun
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and they suspect he built
the lost temple too.
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They are now searching for evidence
that could back up their hunch.
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To get to their dig,
they must cross the Nile.
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The team's effort to board
their boat bright and early
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didn't go quite as quickly as planned.
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It's one of those usual mornings,
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when we go over to Tut's Village
it's always chaos
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because we've gotta get everything
on the boat first.
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The first day is always chaos
because you need to move
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all the equipment.
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Alright, guys.
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Thank you.
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On the West Bank of the Nile,
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the team make the tough hike
across open country,
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toward the workers' village.
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There's nothing easy
about going up this hill.
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Once there, Maria searches out
Tutankhamun's inscription.
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So we know that this
is the name of Tutankhamun,
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based on the combination of hieroglyphs
that you have here.
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There's lots of evidence
of Tutankhamun
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in this quarry workers' village.
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Considering that we have Tutankhamun here,
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we have it in-- in the workers' village,
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we do have a hunch that the temple
was also constructed by Tutankhamun.
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Before they set off
to search for any ruins,
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John and Maria check their bearings.
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From here onward,
everything they excavate
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is in archaeologically
uncharted territory.
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If Tut's village is here.
Mm-hmm.
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And then our wadi is in here.
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So we believe
that the temple is somewhere
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- in this part here.
- Somewhere in that area.
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This is exciting.
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It is indeed.
We're finally here.
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Finally.
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The team gets to work,
searching the landscape.
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They scan the surface material,
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hunting for evidence
that the lost temple stood here.
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I wanted to start
from that big stone.
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Yep.
And I want them to sweep,
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as a line, taking in that edge,
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and then we work our way up, okay?
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But they have to look
at every single stone.
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A meticulous search
across the valley floor
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eventually delivers a result.
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Team foreman, Ahmed Mansur,
brings over something special.
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What you got?
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Oh, ooh!
Oh, yes, yeah!
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Excellent work!
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Yes!
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In Luxor,
behind the Valley of the Kings,
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lies the sprawling necropolis of Asasif.
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An ancient burial ground
for the elite nobles
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who served the pharaohs.
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Egyptian archaeologist,
Ezz El Noby and his team
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are excavating a giant tomb
with an impressive pillared entrance.
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Ezz was fascinated
by Ancient Egypt as a boy
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and has spent his entire adult life
excavating the tombs here at Asasif.
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We hope it's an intact tomb.
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Inshalah, we hope.
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Can this huge tomb
shed light on the mystery
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of Tutankhamun's tomb
and help reveal why it lacks
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the usual majesty?
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Until now, we don't know
the name of the owner.
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They may have a job
like a scribe or a priest
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or a high priest or a vizier.
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Who knows?
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The workers labor
beneath a hot desert sun,
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to haul each 10 pound bucket of sand
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up and out of the 20 foot
deep tomb courtyard.
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But soon the team uncover a clue.
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He found a little rope.
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We don't know the function of the rope.
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This may be part
of the bandages of a mummy.
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The rope looks as good as new,
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but it's over two-and-a-half
thousand years old.
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It's a big clue that inside the tomb,
there may be ancient mummies.
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Ever since Tutankhamun's
treasures were discovered,
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unopened tombs have been
a holy grail for archaeologists.
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Ezz's team clears away sand
to open up this tomb's entrance.
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Expectations are high
that there are treasures inside.
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As they dig, they uncover more
and more pieces of fabric and bone.
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The sheer quantity of finds
is a good sign.
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They found some linen bandages, I think.
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Yeah, we have human bones
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linen, ropes.
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The number
of artifacts coming out of the sand
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suggests that this is a very large tomb.
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Debris like this is strong evidence
it was raided in the past.
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To drop this much material
on their way out,
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tomb raiders must have found
a significant hoard inside.
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I think we will have more than one mummy
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because we have many kinds of linens...
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different colors and different fabric.
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The team works
all morning to clear sand
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from the tomb's entrance.
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Finally, there's enough room
for Ezz to take a peek.
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Wow. I'm very excited.
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I want to know what's inside.
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Wow, my God, there's a very big hallway.
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At Saqqara,
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Egyptian archaeologist, Ola El Aguizy,
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is also trying to unearth a lost tomb.
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Ola is looking for new evidence
to understand
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how tombs were built
in Egypt in the generations
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that follow Tutankhamun.
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That evidence might shed light
on the mystery of Tutankhamun's own tomb.
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Ola has been studying
Egypt's tombs since the 1970s,
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when she became fascinated with decoding
and understanding ancient hieroglyphs.
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We are expecting
to find something important,
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so we are waiting in suspense, yes.
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Three years ago,
Ola discovered an intriguing
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limestone lintel here,
with a name engraved into it,
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Ta Mwiyah.
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Her investigations reveal this figure
was born into a military family.
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He lived just 50 years after Tutankhamun.
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What we found in this whole area
are military men.
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This habit of getting military buried here
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has began since the time of Tutankhamun.
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Ola directs her team
to search for the tomb's entrance,
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near where she found the lintel.
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Soon, white limestone blocks
emerge from beneath the sand.
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Oh, I can see
hieroglyphic texts here!
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A wall!
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Oh, my God, so nice.
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To be sure this is the entrance
to Ta Mwiyah's lost tomb,
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Ola investigates
the ancient inscriptions.
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The great overseer
of the stables in the temple
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of the King of Upper
and Lower Egypt and then the name
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of the deceased, Ta Mwiyah.
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The hieroglyphs confirm,
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this is the entrance to Ta Mwiyah's tomb.
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Now, Ola's team must excavate further.
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They have to dig through
several tons of sand
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and hope the tomb and it's treasures
are intact after 3,300 years.
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Just inside the tomb's entrance,
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they reveal something extraordinary.
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You found something?
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A beautiful
painted artwork on plaster.
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Wow. It's, wow, wow, wow, wow.
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At Gebel el-Silsila,
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near a quarry workers' village
on the West Bank of the Nile,
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Maria and John's search
for evidence of a temple that
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may have been built by Tutankhamun,
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unearths a precious clue.
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That is gorgeous!
Oh! Isn't that beautiful?
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Oh, it's a typical Amarna ware.
Look at the lotus.
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This pottery is so typical
for what we know as the Amarna period,
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so from Amenhotep III through
to Tutankhamun.
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The pottery shard
is painted with blue lotus flowers.
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A typical motif
from the time of Tutankhamun.
246
00:17:51,400 --> 00:17:54,400
This find confirms
that the old reports
247
00:17:54,480 --> 00:17:57,960
of some kind of permanent settlement here
are accurate
248
00:17:58,720 --> 00:18:02,480
and that this settlement
dates to the era of the boy king.
249
00:18:03,880 --> 00:18:10,000
It's easy to imagine that this was once
part of a massive water vessel
250
00:18:10,080 --> 00:18:12,240
that once stood in the courtyard
251
00:18:12,320 --> 00:18:15,560
of the temple
that once stood in this wadi.
252
00:18:15,640 --> 00:18:19,480
And for us, that is a beautiful
piece of datable material.
253
00:18:22,520 --> 00:18:26,240
To find conclusive evidence
that a temple once stood here,
254
00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:30,200
the team starts
the first of several trenches.
255
00:18:34,520 --> 00:18:37,160
If they can find pieces
of an ancient wall,
256
00:18:37,240 --> 00:18:41,760
it will be a significant clue
that a large structure once stood here.
257
00:18:45,080 --> 00:18:48,000
As the workers remove
the top levels of sand,
258
00:18:48,840 --> 00:18:51,320
they make another discovery.
259
00:18:51,880 --> 00:18:53,560
Amazing!
260
00:18:53,640 --> 00:18:54,920
I love you.
261
00:18:56,200 --> 00:18:58,600
Where? Where did you find it?
262
00:19:00,000 --> 00:19:02,640
It's a piece
of worked sandstone.
263
00:19:03,560 --> 00:19:08,400
It's small, but that has now,
that's just made my day.
264
00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:16,400
That is from the interior
of the structure,
265
00:19:16,480 --> 00:19:19,840
whether that be a temple, kiosk, shrine,
whatever it was.
266
00:19:20,480 --> 00:19:24,960
It has plaster and
then painted inscription,
267
00:19:25,040 --> 00:19:26,880
relief over the top.
268
00:19:27,680 --> 00:19:31,200
The team find more
and more pieces of dressed stone
269
00:19:31,280 --> 00:19:34,160
in the trenches
and among the surface scatter.
270
00:19:34,680 --> 00:19:40,320
This proves that there was something here
that was more substantial.
271
00:19:42,160 --> 00:19:44,760
The dressed stone
is evidence
272
00:19:44,840 --> 00:19:48,520
that the team could have found
Tutankhamun's temple.
273
00:19:49,240 --> 00:19:51,800
You know, no one's ever
documented this temple
274
00:19:52,160 --> 00:19:54,960
and we're the first ones to do it
275
00:19:55,280 --> 00:19:58,200
and to me, that's just amazing,
it's awesome.
276
00:20:04,040 --> 00:20:06,480
Less than a mile
from Tutankhamun's tomb
277
00:20:06,560 --> 00:20:08,480
in the Valley of the Kings,
278
00:20:08,560 --> 00:20:12,240
Ezz is preparing to enter
a tomb he has just opened.
279
00:20:14,800 --> 00:20:18,800
The discoveries awaiting Ezz
inside may have lain unseen
280
00:20:18,880 --> 00:20:22,240
by human eyes for nearly 3,000 years.
281
00:20:28,880 --> 00:20:30,960
By the end of the first workday,
282
00:20:31,040 --> 00:20:34,200
the tomb's entrance is completely clear.
283
00:20:37,800 --> 00:20:40,800
We are ready to go inside the tomb.
284
00:20:45,640 --> 00:20:48,680
Oh, my God.
Wow!
285
00:20:54,800 --> 00:20:56,480
A lot of human remains
286
00:20:56,800 --> 00:20:58,760
a lot of skeletons.
287
00:20:59,360 --> 00:21:01,600
I need more light.
288
00:21:04,360 --> 00:21:05,800
Oh, my God.
289
00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:09,960
Skulls everywhere.
290
00:21:11,920 --> 00:21:15,080
There's hundreds of skulls,
hundreds of human remains.
291
00:21:20,600 --> 00:21:23,520
It is a very big discovery.
292
00:21:24,960 --> 00:21:27,960
The biggest discovery of my career.
293
00:21:29,400 --> 00:21:33,240
Today's discovery
is a once in a lifetime find.
294
00:21:37,120 --> 00:21:40,280
It's instantly clear
that the tomb is far bigger
295
00:21:40,360 --> 00:21:43,360
than the burial chamber
in Tutankhamun's tomb
296
00:21:43,440 --> 00:21:46,840
and doorways lead off to more rooms.
297
00:21:47,840 --> 00:21:50,400
To discover who this tomb was built for,
298
00:21:50,480 --> 00:21:53,600
Ezz must investigate
the far end of the chamber.
299
00:21:54,440 --> 00:21:57,160
To get there, the team
must remove
300
00:21:57,240 --> 00:22:00,800
each of the 100 plus bones
littering the floor.
301
00:22:01,680 --> 00:22:06,720
It's likely that these are the bones
of many generations of the same family.
302
00:22:08,400 --> 00:22:11,240
We have to work carefully with the bones
303
00:22:11,600 --> 00:22:13,560
because they're so fragile.
304
00:22:14,920 --> 00:22:18,960
With clear access,
Ezz finds further passageways
305
00:22:19,040 --> 00:22:22,560
leading off the main hall
and a false door.
306
00:22:23,640 --> 00:22:27,360
A false door is a doorframe
carved into solid stone.
307
00:22:28,040 --> 00:22:32,120
Those buried here believed
their souls would pass through this door
308
00:22:32,200 --> 00:22:33,880
and into the afterlife.
309
00:22:34,760 --> 00:22:40,640
It's a very big tomb
lot's of room, lot's of bones.
310
00:22:41,400 --> 00:22:44,200
The false door
often carries inscriptions
311
00:22:44,280 --> 00:22:46,640
identifying the tomb owner,
312
00:22:46,720 --> 00:22:49,920
but here there's no evidence
of their identity.
313
00:22:51,200 --> 00:22:53,360
No inscription for this.
314
00:22:53,440 --> 00:22:55,920
I can't tell the name
of the owner of the tomb.
315
00:22:57,800 --> 00:23:01,120
For a moment,
it looks like the tomb hall
316
00:23:01,200 --> 00:23:03,680
may have revealed all of its secrets.
317
00:23:03,760 --> 00:23:09,760
But, in the corner, Ezz spots
a mysterious shape under the sand.
318
00:23:10,760 --> 00:23:12,240
Wow!
319
00:23:13,720 --> 00:23:15,880
Looks like it could be a mummy.
320
00:23:25,520 --> 00:23:30,600
Ezz's team work quickly
to free the mummy from millennia of dust.
321
00:23:33,280 --> 00:23:35,280
I think maybe
322
00:23:35,360 --> 00:23:38,600
the owner of the tomb
or one of his family.
323
00:23:40,200 --> 00:23:41,480
Ahmad!
324
00:23:41,560 --> 00:23:43,080
Please, come.
325
00:23:44,080 --> 00:23:48,960
Now, the team must move
the mummy to the site's conservation area.
326
00:23:49,760 --> 00:23:52,520
Ahmed Mohamed, the team's conservator,
327
00:23:52,600 --> 00:23:55,480
prepares the linen
to stop it from disintegrating.
328
00:23:56,120 --> 00:23:58,200
Alls is well?
Do you think we can take it out?
329
00:23:58,280 --> 00:23:59,880
Yes, it'll come out.
330
00:24:04,280 --> 00:24:06,360
Workers face
a tough challenge
331
00:24:06,440 --> 00:24:10,520
to maneuver the mummy out of the tomb
and up a flimsy scaffold
332
00:24:10,600 --> 00:24:13,160
to the top of the 20 foot deep courtyard.
333
00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:17,080
The operation is fraught with danger,
334
00:24:17,160 --> 00:24:20,000
for both the work crew and the mummy.
335
00:24:20,920 --> 00:24:22,800
Hold on, wait,
remove your hand.
336
00:24:27,880 --> 00:24:30,560
Be careful, climb up the ladder. Climb up.
337
00:24:33,080 --> 00:24:35,760
So up from Abu Ali's side, that's it.
338
00:24:35,840 --> 00:24:38,040
Watch the pole, that's it.
339
00:24:39,560 --> 00:24:41,640
Right here.
340
00:24:41,720 --> 00:24:43,080
Put it down.
341
00:24:44,480 --> 00:24:45,680
Praise God.
342
00:24:54,680 --> 00:24:57,680
The workers deliver
the mummy to the restoration team,
343
00:24:57,760 --> 00:25:01,880
without it or them coming to any harm.
344
00:25:02,480 --> 00:25:05,560
Analysis of the mummy
will help the team uncover
345
00:25:05,640 --> 00:25:08,040
this tomb's lost secrets.
346
00:25:08,480 --> 00:25:12,120
Why did a servant
of the pharaohs get a bigger tomb
347
00:25:12,200 --> 00:25:14,240
than Tutankhamun himself?
348
00:25:15,520 --> 00:25:19,680
I am very, very happy.
We found tombs, we found mummies,
349
00:25:19,760 --> 00:25:23,320
we found a big number of human remains
350
00:25:23,400 --> 00:25:26,040
but still a lot of work ahead.
351
00:25:29,040 --> 00:25:32,640
Mummification was practiced for 3,000 years
352
00:25:32,720 --> 00:25:36,280
of Egyptian history
on pharaohs like Tutankhamun
353
00:25:36,360 --> 00:25:38,720
and their servants buried here.
354
00:25:39,880 --> 00:25:43,240
They believed it preserved
the body for the afterlife.
355
00:25:44,640 --> 00:25:48,560
Belief in this afterlife
was constant and unshakable,
356
00:25:49,520 --> 00:25:52,160
except for one brief
and shocking moment
357
00:25:52,240 --> 00:25:57,760
in Egyptian history when the pharaohs'
faith in eternal life vanished.
358
00:26:00,200 --> 00:26:02,960
It was a revolution
that shaped Tutankhamun's
359
00:26:03,040 --> 00:26:04,840
short life.
360
00:26:06,480 --> 00:26:09,840
Did it also shape his mysterious tomb?
361
00:26:16,080 --> 00:26:18,320
At Gebel el-Silsila,
362
00:26:18,400 --> 00:26:22,960
Maria and John have found evidence
of a building on the valley floor.
363
00:26:24,160 --> 00:26:27,440
Their finds suggest
the structure could be a temple,
364
00:26:27,520 --> 00:26:30,400
dating to the time of King Tutankhamun.
365
00:26:31,320 --> 00:26:34,600
This little shard,
this little fragment
366
00:26:34,680 --> 00:26:38,200
is all that I have left,
at this present moment,
367
00:26:38,800 --> 00:26:43,440
of what was once
a highly decorated temple,
368
00:26:43,800 --> 00:26:47,200
situated somewhere in this wadi.
369
00:26:48,360 --> 00:26:51,480
Maria and John
will continue their investigation,
370
00:26:52,560 --> 00:26:55,560
but another mystery here
could help explain
371
00:26:55,640 --> 00:26:58,560
Tutankhamun's tomb
and the religious revolution
372
00:26:58,640 --> 00:27:00,480
that surrounded his life.
373
00:27:04,360 --> 00:27:06,560
Previous generations of pharaohs,
374
00:27:06,640 --> 00:27:08,840
including Tutankhamun's father,
375
00:27:08,920 --> 00:27:11,160
built on the East Bank of the Nile,
376
00:27:12,880 --> 00:27:17,520
but strangely, Tutankhamun quarried
and built on the West Bank.
377
00:27:19,440 --> 00:27:22,800
When we look at the reasons
why Tutankhamun
378
00:27:22,880 --> 00:27:25,800
had his quarries on the West Bank,
379
00:27:26,560 --> 00:27:31,360
we do think that it has a strong link
with the priesthood,
380
00:27:31,440 --> 00:27:33,840
the priesthood of God Amun
381
00:27:33,920 --> 00:27:37,320
and that they wanted
to see him with a fresh start.
382
00:27:38,720 --> 00:27:41,640
Tutankhamun's
powerful high priests
383
00:27:41,720 --> 00:27:45,600
wanted a fresh start because
they were fighting for their survival.
384
00:27:49,040 --> 00:27:53,640
When Tutankhamun's father,
Akhenaten, became pharaoh,
385
00:27:53,720 --> 00:27:57,240
he led a revolution
that transformed Egyptian religion.
386
00:27:58,720 --> 00:28:01,440
He abandoned sacred temples
387
00:28:01,520 --> 00:28:05,240
and he banned belief in the old Gods
and the afterlife.
388
00:28:05,760 --> 00:28:09,120
He replaced them
with a single God, the Aten.
389
00:28:11,240 --> 00:28:15,000
Akhenaten built a new capital, Amarna,
390
00:28:15,080 --> 00:28:18,840
abandoning the traditional home
of the pharaohs at Thebes.
391
00:28:19,880 --> 00:28:24,080
When Akhenaten died,
Tutankhamun faced a choice:
392
00:28:24,160 --> 00:28:27,840
carry on his father's
unpopular religious revolution
393
00:28:27,920 --> 00:28:32,720
or restore the old Gods to their temples
and their priests.
394
00:28:36,640 --> 00:28:38,920
Tutankhamun's father, Akhenaten,
395
00:28:39,000 --> 00:28:41,200
not only did he close the temples
396
00:28:41,280 --> 00:28:45,240
and reduce the pantheon of Gods
down to just one, the Aten,
397
00:28:45,640 --> 00:28:49,240
he created a chaotic system
which, unfortunately,
398
00:28:49,320 --> 00:28:51,360
Tutankhamun inherited.
399
00:28:52,560 --> 00:28:54,240
Tutankhamun's father,
400
00:28:54,320 --> 00:28:56,920
as a self-proclaimed God on Earth,
401
00:28:57,000 --> 00:28:59,480
declared that he alone
could communicate with the
402
00:28:59,560 --> 00:29:01,480
sun God, Aten.
403
00:29:03,520 --> 00:29:07,600
Neither the high priests
nor Egypt's nobles were happy.
404
00:29:08,320 --> 00:29:11,880
When the boy king,
Tutankhamun came to the throne,
405
00:29:12,320 --> 00:29:15,920
many of his most important
advisors demanded he reverse
406
00:29:16,000 --> 00:29:17,440
his father's revolution.
407
00:29:19,760 --> 00:29:21,600
Tutankhamun was a young pharaoh
408
00:29:21,680 --> 00:29:25,280
and he would have relied heavily
upon his advisors
409
00:29:25,360 --> 00:29:27,600
and the court around him.
410
00:29:28,920 --> 00:29:32,440
Tutankhamun agreed
to return to the old ways.
411
00:29:33,600 --> 00:29:37,760
He quarried and built on the opposite bank
of the Nile to his father,
412
00:29:37,840 --> 00:29:42,160
to make clear his opposition
to his father's reforms.
413
00:29:45,720 --> 00:29:48,520
I think he was able to,
in his short reign,
414
00:29:48,600 --> 00:29:51,560
reestablish the power of Egypt.
415
00:29:52,240 --> 00:29:56,400
Tutankhamun was able
to revive Egypt like a phoenix,
416
00:29:56,480 --> 00:29:59,640
out of the chaos
that his father had left behind.
417
00:30:04,120 --> 00:30:07,280
Did Tutankhamun's
counterrevolution succeed?
418
00:30:08,640 --> 00:30:11,920
And can this decisive moment
in Egyptian history
419
00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:15,840
explain the mystery
of his unimpressive tomb?
420
00:30:20,840 --> 00:30:24,560
Just four miles from Luxor,
in the Valley of the Kings,
421
00:30:25,440 --> 00:30:29,520
Aliaa and her team
- are using a 3
- D scanner to investigate
422
00:30:29,600 --> 00:30:33,640
the tombs of Tutankhamun
and Pharaoh Seti I.
423
00:30:35,520 --> 00:30:39,080
Seti is buried
in a majestic ten room tomb.
424
00:30:40,240 --> 00:30:43,480
Tutankhamun's four room tomb is so small,
425
00:30:43,560 --> 00:30:46,440
it hardly seems fit for a pharaoh.
426
00:30:47,800 --> 00:30:51,640
At the team's HQ,
Aliaa compares the scan results
427
00:30:51,720 --> 00:30:56,400
to reveal hidden details
in each tomb's wall decorations
428
00:30:57,600 --> 00:31:00,480
and investigates
if they are connected
429
00:31:00,560 --> 00:31:04,640
to the religious revolution
that shaped Tutankhamun's reign.
430
00:31:05,920 --> 00:31:10,640
So, this is our lab,
where the magic happens.
431
00:31:12,400 --> 00:31:14,960
Aliaa puts
the scans of each tomb
432
00:31:15,040 --> 00:31:17,840
side by side and investigates.
433
00:31:19,400 --> 00:31:22,920
The difference
between Seti and Tut is visible.
434
00:31:23,440 --> 00:31:27,080
Seti's tomb, it
has so many carved details,
435
00:31:27,160 --> 00:31:30,600
it's so intricately done and very special.
436
00:31:30,680 --> 00:31:33,880
But however, when we go into Tut's tomb,
437
00:31:34,480 --> 00:31:37,120
it's just plaster and paint.
438
00:31:37,720 --> 00:31:42,640
- Her 3
- D scans reveal unique and unprecedented details.
439
00:31:44,000 --> 00:31:48,920
So Aliaa can see a remarkable flaw
in Tutankhamun's tomb.
440
00:31:50,440 --> 00:31:53,960
When you zoom in,
you can have a look at the faint
441
00:31:54,040 --> 00:31:55,680
outline of the brush marks.
442
00:31:56,320 --> 00:31:58,800
It's obvious that the plaster
was still wet
443
00:31:58,880 --> 00:32:01,240
when they started painting over it.
444
00:32:02,800 --> 00:32:06,360
The brush marks point
to an extraordinary theory.
445
00:32:07,800 --> 00:32:12,120
It seems that somebody wanted
to rush Tutankhamun's burial.
446
00:32:12,880 --> 00:32:16,800
Clearly someone wanted
to close the tomb doors quickly,
447
00:32:16,880 --> 00:32:20,960
not even waiting for the plaster
to dry before applying the paint.
448
00:32:22,800 --> 00:32:26,840
The rush to finish Tutankhamun's
tomb adds to the mystery
449
00:32:26,920 --> 00:32:28,440
of its small size.
450
00:32:29,200 --> 00:32:31,720
Who was responsible
for leaving the boy king
451
00:32:31,800 --> 00:32:33,760
in this underwhelming tomb?
452
00:32:35,120 --> 00:32:38,760
Was it revenge
for his father's revolution?
453
00:32:46,920 --> 00:32:50,000
Inside King Tutankhamun's
tiny tomb,
454
00:32:50,080 --> 00:32:53,240
Aliaa continues her investigation.
455
00:32:53,320 --> 00:32:56,800
There is certainly something
not right about this tomb.
456
00:32:58,280 --> 00:33:01,000
A crucial clue
to the identity of the person
457
00:33:01,080 --> 00:33:04,560
who buried Tutankhamun
in this unworthy tomb,
458
00:33:04,640 --> 00:33:10,040
rests with a puzzling portrait,
painted onto the tomb walls.
459
00:33:15,080 --> 00:33:19,200
Before Tutankhamun's body
was taken down into his tomb,
460
00:33:19,280 --> 00:33:23,480
a figure dressed in leopard skin performed
a sacred ritual.
461
00:33:24,240 --> 00:33:28,960
He touched a serpent-headed blade
to the eyes and lips of Tutankhamun,
462
00:33:29,040 --> 00:33:31,760
believing it allowed
the dead pharaoh's soul
463
00:33:31,840 --> 00:33:33,640
to see and breathe.
464
00:33:34,480 --> 00:33:38,400
His spirit could now take part
in a feast with his mourners,
465
00:33:38,480 --> 00:33:42,400
sustenance for the journey
that they believed Tutankhamun
466
00:33:42,480 --> 00:33:44,080
would make into the afterlife.
467
00:33:45,600 --> 00:33:49,800
It was a ritual traditionally performed
by the heir to the throne.
468
00:33:50,840 --> 00:33:54,080
Was the leopard skinned figure
also responsible
469
00:33:54,160 --> 00:33:56,520
for Tutankhamun's tomb?
470
00:34:01,440 --> 00:34:04,800
Aliaa travels to the nearby
Valley of the Monkeys
471
00:34:04,880 --> 00:34:07,320
to investigate the mysterious man.
472
00:34:11,600 --> 00:34:13,840
This tomb is the tomb of Ay.
473
00:34:14,640 --> 00:34:16,840
This is my first time here.
474
00:34:18,520 --> 00:34:22,880
Ay is the man who is depicted
guiding Tutankhamun's soul
475
00:34:22,960 --> 00:34:26,680
to the afterlife
on the walls of Tutankhamun's tomb.
476
00:34:27,880 --> 00:34:32,560
He was possibly the father
of Tutankhamun's step mother, Nefertiti,
477
00:34:32,920 --> 00:34:35,480
and a trusted advisor
to the boy king
478
00:34:35,560 --> 00:34:37,080
throughout his reign.
479
00:34:37,800 --> 00:34:41,040
It's amazing
how the background color is yellow,
480
00:34:41,120 --> 00:34:43,480
which is the same as Tut's tomb
481
00:34:44,400 --> 00:34:48,360
and the drawing style is also the same.
482
00:34:49,120 --> 00:34:53,320
The same opening
of the mouth scene exists in Tut.
483
00:34:53,400 --> 00:34:56,480
Also, there is no carving.
484
00:34:56,560 --> 00:35:00,040
The wall is just plaster and paint.
485
00:35:01,600 --> 00:35:05,880
It's almost like the same person
did the two tombs.
486
00:35:07,240 --> 00:35:10,520
Tutankhamun died young with no heirs.
487
00:35:10,600 --> 00:35:13,760
His premature death
led to a power struggle
488
00:35:13,840 --> 00:35:17,160
among those with a claim
to become the next pharaoh.
489
00:35:18,200 --> 00:35:21,320
Was Ay, and his battle to become king,
490
00:35:21,400 --> 00:35:25,080
responsible for Tutankhamun's strange burial?
491
00:35:30,680 --> 00:35:35,200
At Saqqara Necropolis,
Ola's team of archaeologists
492
00:35:35,280 --> 00:35:39,320
is searching for the tomb of a man
called Ta Mwiyah.
493
00:35:40,600 --> 00:35:43,840
He was an important aide
to the pharaoh who ruled Egypt
494
00:35:43,920 --> 00:35:46,760
fifty years after Tutankhamun's death.
495
00:35:49,280 --> 00:35:53,920
Tutankhamun was intent on reversing
his father's religious revolution.
496
00:35:55,480 --> 00:35:57,440
Did his plan succeed?
497
00:35:59,480 --> 00:36:02,520
Ola's Egyptian colleague, Tarek Tawfik,
498
00:36:02,600 --> 00:36:05,400
spots a piece of intriguing evidence.
499
00:36:06,280 --> 00:36:09,800
Ta Mwiyah
and his wife, on limestone,
500
00:36:10,800 --> 00:36:12,120
this is good news.
501
00:36:14,400 --> 00:36:17,880
And I think I will have
the name of the wife now.
502
00:36:18,560 --> 00:36:21,520
Married F, his beloved
503
00:36:22,520 --> 00:36:27,000
and then this is supposed
to be her name, Tubi.
504
00:36:29,480 --> 00:36:33,640
Carved reliefs
of Ta Mwiyah and his wife, Tubi,
505
00:36:33,720 --> 00:36:35,560
fill the tomb walls.
506
00:36:37,200 --> 00:36:40,360
We have the deceased and his wife.
Mm-hmm.
507
00:36:40,440 --> 00:36:44,680
And they are going
and being received by a God.
508
00:36:44,760 --> 00:36:46,240
Uh-huh.
509
00:36:46,320 --> 00:36:51,560
And it's not Osiris
and it's not Ptah, so who was it?
510
00:36:53,520 --> 00:36:54,680
Atum maybe?
511
00:36:55,720 --> 00:36:58,040
This is significant.
512
00:36:58,120 --> 00:37:00,000
Religiously significant.
513
00:37:02,440 --> 00:37:05,800
The reliefs depict
the couple's journey to heaven
514
00:37:05,880 --> 00:37:08,320
and their eternal life in paradise.
515
00:37:09,080 --> 00:37:13,200
Similar scenes adorn the walls
of Tutankhamun's tomb.
516
00:37:15,400 --> 00:37:16,960
Ancient Egyptians,
517
00:37:17,040 --> 00:37:19,960
just 50 years after the death
of Tutankhamun,
518
00:37:20,040 --> 00:37:24,120
still believe that carvings
like these on tomb walls,
519
00:37:24,200 --> 00:37:26,920
magic the afterlife into reality.
520
00:37:29,080 --> 00:37:33,360
But to which Gods are these paintings
and reliefs dedicated?
521
00:37:33,440 --> 00:37:36,080
Who do the Egyptians worship now,
522
00:37:36,160 --> 00:37:37,880
after Tutankhamun's death?
523
00:37:38,920 --> 00:37:42,840
And what does it mean
for the mystery of his tomb?
524
00:37:50,000 --> 00:37:53,280
Tarek and Ola
continue their excavations.
525
00:37:55,560 --> 00:37:59,120
They could shed light
on whether Ancient Egyptians
526
00:37:59,200 --> 00:38:02,120
still worshiped the sun God, Aten,
527
00:38:02,200 --> 00:38:04,880
as demanded by Tutankhamun's father,
528
00:38:06,440 --> 00:38:09,560
or had they returned to the
older pantheon of Gods.
529
00:38:12,640 --> 00:38:17,280
On site, the workers continue to search
for this tomb's burial chamber.
530
00:38:19,600 --> 00:38:21,040
It's always exciting.
531
00:38:21,120 --> 00:38:24,040
Sometimes there is even,
between the workmen,
532
00:38:24,120 --> 00:38:27,720
a bit of competition, who will find first?
533
00:38:29,560 --> 00:38:32,160
While conservators
move the painted walls
534
00:38:32,240 --> 00:38:34,520
to the store rooms for safekeeping,
535
00:38:34,600 --> 00:38:37,040
Tarek spots something in the sand.
536
00:38:38,400 --> 00:38:42,240
We have a pillar
and I can see already,
537
00:38:42,320 --> 00:38:45,280
there is a Djed pillar decorated on it.
538
00:38:46,280 --> 00:38:48,080
It's an important find.
539
00:38:48,440 --> 00:38:52,520
This pillar confirms the nature
of Ancient Egyptian religious beliefs
540
00:38:53,120 --> 00:38:57,600
in the years after the Amarna Revolution
and Tutankhamun's death.
541
00:39:00,240 --> 00:39:03,920
This is exciting,
the deceased appearing now
542
00:39:04,000 --> 00:39:07,240
as he would have been carrying
the Djed pillar.
543
00:39:14,600 --> 00:39:18,360
The Djed symbol
represents the God Osiris,
544
00:39:18,440 --> 00:39:22,640
who arose from the dead to live again
as king of the afterlife.
545
00:39:24,880 --> 00:39:29,120
Ancient Egyptians painted the symbol
on the bottom of coffins,
546
00:39:32,840 --> 00:39:36,320
and wrapped the mummy
with Djed amulets
547
00:39:36,400 --> 00:39:40,920
to summon Osiris
and rejuvenate the soul of the deceased.
548
00:39:42,360 --> 00:39:46,760
They also carved Djed symbols
onto the pillars in their tombs
549
00:39:46,840 --> 00:39:49,800
to follow Osiris to the afterlife.
550
00:39:54,680 --> 00:39:56,120
In the time of Amarna,
551
00:39:56,200 --> 00:39:59,360
they told them that there is no afterlife.
552
00:40:00,640 --> 00:40:06,000
After there was a reaction,
then extreme worshiping Osiris.
553
00:40:07,160 --> 00:40:11,120
The team has found inscriptions
to Osiris and Ptah,
554
00:40:12,480 --> 00:40:16,520
Gods whose worship Tutankhamun's
father had forbidden.
555
00:40:17,440 --> 00:40:20,320
It's more evidence
Tutankhamun had abandoned
556
00:40:20,400 --> 00:40:22,000
his father's revolution.
557
00:40:22,760 --> 00:40:25,800
He has restored belief
in the afterlife and the power
558
00:40:25,880 --> 00:40:27,680
of all Egypt's Gods.
559
00:40:29,320 --> 00:40:32,360
The religious revolution,
demanding the worship
560
00:40:32,440 --> 00:40:34,920
of a single sun God, was over.
561
00:40:36,760 --> 00:40:41,920
This was a feat that deserved
a magnificent burial and a majestic tomb,
562
00:40:43,280 --> 00:40:45,640
so why didn't Tutankhamun's mummy
563
00:40:45,720 --> 00:40:47,680
get the tomb it deserved?
564
00:40:52,720 --> 00:40:54,800
In the Valley of the Kings,
565
00:40:54,880 --> 00:40:57,760
Aliaa is investigating this mystery.
566
00:40:59,080 --> 00:41:02,160
Why did Ay banish Tutankhamun
567
00:41:02,240 --> 00:41:05,160
to such a small and poorly decorated tomb?
568
00:41:07,040 --> 00:41:10,640
Aliaa examines Ay's tomb
to look for clues.
569
00:41:12,800 --> 00:41:14,560
That's a baboon wall.
570
00:41:16,680 --> 00:41:21,040
Both Tut and Ay opted for the same scene,
571
00:41:21,120 --> 00:41:26,120
almost like the same person
chose what goes in each tomb.
572
00:41:27,920 --> 00:41:31,400
The uncanny
similarities between the two chambers
573
00:41:31,480 --> 00:41:34,920
suggests a common hand
was at work on both,
574
00:41:35,720 --> 00:41:39,160
but only Ay's tomb was fit for a pharaoh.
575
00:41:40,320 --> 00:41:43,520
It's very similar to the tomb
of Tomb of Tutankhamun.
576
00:41:43,600 --> 00:41:47,000
The style, the artwork, the sarcophagus.
577
00:41:47,080 --> 00:41:50,320
But it's so much bigger!
578
00:41:51,120 --> 00:41:55,160
The artistic style
of the two tombs suggests that
579
00:41:55,240 --> 00:41:58,720
Ay may have been responsible
for decorating both.
580
00:42:02,360 --> 00:42:06,200
Investigators now suspect
that when Tutankhamun died,
581
00:42:06,280 --> 00:42:09,560
unexpectedly young,
the lavish tomb he ordered
582
00:42:09,640 --> 00:42:12,240
for himself was not finished.
583
00:42:13,360 --> 00:42:15,280
Ay seized the moment.
584
00:42:15,360 --> 00:42:18,520
He ordered Tut be buried
in a smaller tomb.
585
00:42:18,600 --> 00:42:21,960
It was quickly decorated
and sealed before the paint
586
00:42:22,040 --> 00:42:23,320
had a chance to dry.
587
00:42:24,280 --> 00:42:26,040
With Tutankhamun gone,
588
00:42:26,120 --> 00:42:28,600
and before any challengers
could oppose him,
589
00:42:28,680 --> 00:42:32,960
Ay crowned himself Pharaoh
and decreed that when he died,
590
00:42:33,760 --> 00:42:36,280
he would take Tutankhamun's tomb.
591
00:42:41,680 --> 00:42:44,960
Ay buried Tutankhamun
in the smaller tomb,
592
00:42:45,040 --> 00:42:48,480
so he could have
the bigger tomb for himself.
593
00:42:49,920 --> 00:42:53,680
This is the tomb
that was intended for Tutankhamun,
594
00:42:53,760 --> 00:42:55,160
the tomb of Ay.
595
00:42:58,120 --> 00:43:01,520
Ay banished
Tutankhamun to an unworthy tomb
596
00:43:01,600 --> 00:43:03,960
to secure his place as pharaoh.
597
00:43:05,840 --> 00:43:09,480
Later pharaohs
erased Tutankhamun from history,
598
00:43:09,560 --> 00:43:12,400
smearing his name as the son of a heretic.
599
00:43:14,360 --> 00:43:17,840
But 100 years ago,
when his tomb was discovered,
600
00:43:18,280 --> 00:43:21,760
Tutankhamun was reborn a superstar.
601
00:43:23,280 --> 00:43:26,240
Now, experts use the clues
to piece together
602
00:43:26,320 --> 00:43:27,880
his true legacy.
603
00:43:30,440 --> 00:43:33,160
As a boy king,
dealing with the aftermath
604
00:43:33,240 --> 00:43:35,560
of his father's religious revolution,
605
00:43:36,320 --> 00:43:39,920
Tutankhamun navigated
a royal court in turmoil,
606
00:43:41,760 --> 00:43:45,120
but heeding the advice
of his most trusted advisors,
607
00:43:45,640 --> 00:43:48,200
he reinstated the priesthood,
608
00:43:48,680 --> 00:43:54,400
he rebuilt Egypt's temples
and he replaced the sun God, Aten,
609
00:43:54,480 --> 00:43:56,680
with the Egyptian Gods of old.
610
00:43:58,080 --> 00:44:00,600
After his father's years of misrule,
611
00:44:00,680 --> 00:44:03,960
the reign of the young
Pharaoh Tutankhamun
612
00:44:04,040 --> 00:44:07,000
saw Egypt restored to greatness.