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NARRATOR: Egypt,
the richest source of

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archaeological
treasures on the planet.

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WOMAN: Oh,
that's a fabulous one.

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NARRATOR: Beneath this desert
landscape lie the secrets
of this ancient civilization.

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JOHN: Wow, can you see why the
Pharaoh's chose this place?

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NARRATOR: Now for a
full season of excavations,
our cameras have been given

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unprecedented access
to follow teams on the
frontline of archaeology.

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MAN: I'm driving so fast
because I'm so excited!

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WOMAN: It's an entrance,
we can see an entrance!

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NARRATOR: Revealing
buried secrets.

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MAN: I have just
been told that they
have found something.

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Oh my gosh!

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JOHN: A sphinx!

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NARRATOR: And making
discoveries that could
rewrite ancient history.

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This time, new secrets of
the boy king, Tutankhamun.

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Alia uses pioneering
technology to reveal startling
new evidence about his tomb,

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and why it remained
hidden for 3,000 years.

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ALIAA: A lot of
robberies were going on,
how was it not found?

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NARRATOR: Eissa's team
discovers a long-lost cache of
King Tutankhamun's treasures.

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NARRATOR: And Alejandro
discovers extraordinary
burial treasures in a

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4,000 year-old tomb.

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ALEJANDRO: Congratulations!

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NARRATOR: The Valley of
the Kings, 3,500 years ago,

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the Great Pharaohs
stopped building
pyramids as their tombs.

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They chose these
secluded cliffs to
become their cemetery.

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Today, archaeologists come
from all over the world to
unlock the mysteries still

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hidden in this
City of the Dead.

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It's the first
day in the Valley for
Cairo born Egyptologist

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Aliaa Ismail and her team.

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ALIAA: There's a real
buzz in this place.

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People are coming from
all over the world, coming
to the Valley, it's amazing.

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I'm so proud to
have such ancestry.

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It's one of the most
famous necropolises in
the world and I think what

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is special is that
it comes out of nowhere.

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NARRATOR: Over
300 miles south of Cairo,
in the heart of Egypt,

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lie the limestone cliffs
of the Valley of the Kings.

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After 200 years of excavation,

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archaeologists have
located sixty-five tombs
hidden among the rocks.

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But only one has
ever been found with
its treasure still inside,

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it belonged to the
Pharaoh, Tutankhamun.

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ALIAA: This here is
number 62, Tutankhamun.

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One of those great
finds of the century.

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NARRATOR: British
explorer Howard Carter
discovered Tutankhamun's

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tomb in 1922.

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One of his teams
spotted steps leading
down through the sand.

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They led to the tomb
entrance, buried beneath
meters of rubble and debris.

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What Carter found inside
inspired archaeologists
for generations to come.

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Deep inside the mountains,

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amid a maze of tunnels that
bore deep through the rock,

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Carter reached the tomb
of Tutankhamun hidden right
in the center of the Valley.

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Inside, he found
treasures unlike anything
ever seen before.

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Over 5,000 priceless artifacts
including golden statues.

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In the burial
chamber the Pharaoh's mummy,
wearing a golden death mask,

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was placed inside
a coffin made of more than
200 pounds of solid gold.

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This intact tomb made
Tutankhamun the most
famous of the Pharaohs.

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Now Aliaa is investigating
this golden Pharaoh's life.

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ALIAA: Wow.

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NARRATOR: And why his tomb
remained hidden for so long.

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Aliaa's team has been
scanning and documenting the
tomb for the last ten years,

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and they've made a
remarkable discovery.

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ALIAA: The idea here
is to understand what's
going on when you look at

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the data void of color.

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NARRATOR: The scans strip
away the paint on the walls
to reveal unusual markings.

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ALIAA: This was the main
scene, and here is the
3D of the North Wall.

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So, as you can see here,
the silhouette of an
image and this would have

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been done while
they were painting.

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NARRATOR: The images
show the indented outline
of the face hidden below.

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It's caused by the
tip of the paintbrush if
you start painting when

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the plaster is still wet.

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ALIAA: This is why the
brushes would have made a
very light impression and

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this allows us to
understand it was rushed.

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NARRATOR: But why would
the tomb builders rush
such an important job?

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The pictures on the wall
reveal another set of clues.

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Despite becoming the
most famous Pharaoh
of Ancient Egypt,

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Tutankhamun did
not have a lengthy reign.

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He was only
a nine-year-old boy
when he became King,

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and relied on
trusted advisors to help
rule his vast empire.

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As Tutankhamun grew older,

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he was known to portray
himself as a warrior king,

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riding into battle
on a chariot.

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But the boy King suffered
from multiple illnesses,
including Malaria.

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He was only
nineteen-years-old when
he unexpectantly died.

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(speaking in Arabic).

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NARRATOR: Aliaa thinks
the marks her scans reveal
in the plaster are evidence

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of a hurried burial due to
Tutankhamun's sudden death.

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ALIAA: The decorated part
of the tomb is very small,
it's only the burial chamber.

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The rest of the tomb
is not decorated.

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If they had more
time, all of this was
going to be decorated.

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NARRATOR: While the tomb's
construction may have been
rushed, its treasures were

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everything a Pharaoh
could desire to take
him into the afterlife.

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So why did this tomb lay
hidden below a layer of rock
for thousands of years when

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all the other tombs in
the Valley were looted?

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To solve this mystery,
Aliaa will turn to new
technology as she moves her

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investigation out
into the Valley.

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300 miles north, in Giza,

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in the shadow of the
pyramids, the biggest
treasure haul in history

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is getting a new home, a
one-billion-dollar museum
and research center.

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When completed, the Grand
Egyptian Museum will reunite
all of Tutankhamun's treasures

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in one place, for the
first time in 100 years.

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TAREK: Having all of
the pieces from the tomb
of Tutankhamun together

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in one place, this will
be a fantastic chance
to find new facts,

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new hidden things
about Tutankhamun.

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NARRATOR: After Carter
removed the treasures
from Tut's tomb,

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they ended up
in museums around Egypt.

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Now, for the first time,
scientists and Egyptologists
will use modern

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technology to
analyze each object.

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TAREK: Some details reappear
and give us new information
about these antiquities.

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NARRATOR: But some
of Tut's greatest
treasures are yet to arrive.

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300 miles south in the
Luxor Museum, Eissa Zidan
is preparing 122 of these

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priceless artifacts
for the move to Giza.

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NARRATOR: Eissa's
packing list includes one
of Tut's famous chariots,

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intricate model boats and

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a unique head
of the cow Goddess, Hathor,
elaborately gilded with gold.

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(speaking in Arabic).

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NARRATOR: After just four
hours, Eissa's packing
suddenly comes to a halt.

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One of his teams has
discovered something
completely unexpected

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in the storeroom.

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It's an antique box that
Howard Carter used to pack
and transport Tutankhamun's

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treasures out of the tomb.

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NARRATOR: The box
has been missing,
presumed lost, for decades,

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and no one knows what
treasures it may hold.

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120 miles south of the Valley
of the Kings, near Aswan,

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a Spanish Research
Team from Jaen University

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is hoping to follow in
Carter's footsteps and make new

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discoveries that
could rewrite history.

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(speaking in Arabic).

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Professor
Alejandro Jimenez-Serrano
heads the largest foreign team

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working in Egypt.

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Today is the first
day of the dig season.

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ALEJANDRO: Sorry for the mess.

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We are sharing the room,
three researchers of the team.

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This is my, my bed,
supposedly the best one.

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(laughs).

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Sorry.

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(coughs).

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It's amazing to get up
and the first thing that you
see apart from the ugly face

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of your roommates is the
Qubbet el-Hawa, the hill.

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NARRATOR: Qubbet el-Hawa
is one of the largest ancient
burial sites in Egypt.

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So far, 100 tombs
have been discovered here.

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They belong to the
nobles who governed Egypt
hundreds of years before

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the Pharaoh's buried in
the Valley of the Kings.

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(speaking in Arabic).

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Alejandro's mission is
to hunt for more unopened
tombs and reveal more

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about these early Egyptians.

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ALEJANDRO: It's difficult
to explain how I feel.

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Not only nervous,
it's exciting, it's
a mix of feelings.

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It's an honor to...

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to come every year.

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Now here comes the most
difficult part of the day,

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to climb the hill.

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NARRATOR: This is the
team's tenth year digging here.

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WOMAN: It's so nice
to be here again.

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(laughs).

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NARRATOR: There's
a reason why everyone
is excited to be back.

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Last year, Alejandro
found the entranced
to a sealed tomb,

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but his permit
expired before he
could explore inside.

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ALEJANDRO: Today
is 40 degrees, and
working underneath the sun,

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today's gonna be tough.

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NARRATOR: To protect against
modern day tomb-robbers,

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they put a steel security
door to block the entrance

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of the vertical
shaft that leads to the
sealed burial chamber.

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ALEJANDRO: Well it has been
one-year waiting, one-year
imagining the possibilities.

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I'm very excited.

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NARRATOR: In Luxor, Eissa's
team packs Tutankhamun's
treasures for the move

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00:13:23,636 --> 00:13:27,540
to the Grand Egyptian
Museum in Giza.

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But in the storeroom,

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Eissa is ready to open
Carter's long-lost
box to discover

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what's inside.

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NARRATOR: The team gathers
around to see if the box
really does contain priceless

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treasures from
Tutankhamun's tomb.

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MOHAMMAD: Ah.

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(laughter)

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MAN: Fantastic.
MOHAMMAD: It's amazing.

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NARRATOR: These
delicate wooden pieces
are ancient boat parts.

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NARRATOR: Storeroom
records suggest they could
be missing from a model boat

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00:14:12,519 --> 00:14:15,488
Howard Carter
found in Tutankhamun's tomb.

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NARRATOR: According to
ancient Egyptian belief,

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boats played a
key role after death.

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So, placing model boats
into tombs was a vital
part of any burial.

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00:14:39,412 --> 00:14:44,351
The vessels also came
complete with crew because
it was believed the replicas

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would come to life
and help with fishing and
transport in the underworld.

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The Pharaohs used a
special vessel to sail
across the sky for eternity.

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Ordinary people also
thought they could reach
the afterlife by boat,

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rowing on the Nile
and into the next world.

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MOHAMMAD: You can see here
the date of the newspaper,

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it's Sunday 5th
of November, 1933.

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NARRATOR: To discover
where these pieces came from,

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Mohammad inspects
Carter's original inventory.

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NARRATOR: Records
show that the box was
sent to Luxor in 1973

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00:15:44,711 --> 00:15:47,114
but had gone missing,
presumed lost or stolen.

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NARRATOR: Eissa thinks
the rest of the boat is
safe in the new Cairo lab,

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00:16:01,594 --> 00:16:04,231
so they may finally
be able to reunite it.

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00:16:07,034 --> 00:16:09,436
To transport
the treasures to Giza,

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00:16:09,536 --> 00:16:14,041
Eissa's team must
traverse 400 miles
of barren desert roads

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00:16:14,141 --> 00:16:19,246
and crowded city streets
before they reach the
safety of the new museum.

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It will take two trucks
to transport all 122 of
the artifacts to Giza.

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00:16:27,154 --> 00:16:30,557
EISSA: This a very,
very big moment
for the collection,

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00:16:30,657 --> 00:16:32,492
this is the final
trip of Tutankhamun.

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00:16:34,227 --> 00:16:37,530
NARRATOR: But with such
priceless relics on board,

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00:16:37,630 --> 00:16:42,502
there's concern
the convoy could be a
target for a hijacking.

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00:16:42,602 --> 00:16:46,106
EISSA: We have a good
police and good army.

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00:16:46,206 --> 00:16:51,211
They will follow us
during moving from Luxor
until arrive to Cairo.

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00:16:51,311 --> 00:16:55,348
NARRATOR: With security
in place, it's time to roll.

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00:16:59,319 --> 00:17:03,256
They now face a
grueling twelve-hour journey
through the desert to

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00:17:03,356 --> 00:17:05,992
reach Giza before nightfall.

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00:17:08,695 --> 00:17:14,401
Ever since Carter's
discovery of Tutankhamun's
priceless golden treasures,

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00:17:14,501 --> 00:17:20,540
archaeologists have
continued to try and figure
out where and how the

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00:17:20,640 --> 00:17:25,645
ancient Egyptians found
vast quantities of gold.

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00:17:29,516 --> 00:17:32,552
Fifty-miles south
of the Valley of the Kings,

210
00:17:32,652 --> 00:17:36,022
on the edge of
the Eastern Desert,

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00:17:37,290 --> 00:17:42,262
French gold expert
Thomas Faucher and
archaeologist John Ward are

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00:17:42,362 --> 00:17:46,133
on the hunt for the origins
of Tutankhamun's gold.

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00:17:46,599 --> 00:17:47,834
THOMAS: So, I'm going to...

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00:17:47,934 --> 00:17:49,669
JOHN: What are you
waiting for, a traffic signal?

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00:17:53,306 --> 00:17:59,011
NARRATOR: The Eastern Desert
covers 85,000 square-miles
of remote barren wilderness.

216
00:17:59,646 --> 00:18:04,050
Some of the rock here
contains tiny grains
of gold locked inside.

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00:18:05,218 --> 00:18:09,256
Thomas has studied ancient
gold mining techniques
for seven years.

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00:18:09,356 --> 00:18:12,459
Now he wants to see if he
can find any evidence of it.

219
00:18:12,559 --> 00:18:16,996
But this part of the desert
is a risky place to be.

220
00:18:17,997 --> 00:18:21,301
THOMAS: The thing is we
need to leave before dark
because it's not safe if we are

221
00:18:21,401 --> 00:18:25,272
staying there because
we can lose our way,
we can have an accident and

222
00:18:25,372 --> 00:18:29,041
it's also at
the sunset that all the
snakes are going out.

223
00:18:29,142 --> 00:18:30,543
JOHN: Snakes?

224
00:18:30,643 --> 00:18:31,811
THOMAS: Yeah, vipers.

225
00:18:31,911 --> 00:18:33,112
JOHN: No one told me about...

226
00:18:33,213 --> 00:18:38,351
THOMAS: There are
horrid vipers, yeah.

227
00:18:38,818 --> 00:18:42,422
NARRATOR: The first
stop, an ancient well.

228
00:18:42,689 --> 00:18:46,293
It could provide
clues to the location
of mining communities during

229
00:18:46,393 --> 00:18:48,295
the time of Tutankhamun.

230
00:18:49,296 --> 00:18:51,464
THOMAS: This is the well just
right in front of us here.

231
00:18:51,564 --> 00:18:54,267
JOHN: It's dry.

232
00:18:54,367 --> 00:18:56,336
My God, that's
a long way down.

233
00:18:57,404 --> 00:19:00,440
NARRATOR: The well
might be dry today,
but it was so important to

234
00:19:00,540 --> 00:19:03,710
the ancient
Egyptians, they built
a temple to honor it.

235
00:19:04,010 --> 00:19:05,812
JOHN: It's beautiful isn't it?

236
00:19:05,912 --> 00:19:10,016
They actually applied
a plaster gyp ceiling and
then applied the paint.

237
00:19:10,116 --> 00:19:12,151
Amazing.

238
00:19:15,255 --> 00:19:18,691
NARRATOR: The text
engraved on these walls
reveals clues about the

239
00:19:18,791 --> 00:19:21,261
gold miners and
where they were heading.

240
00:19:25,232 --> 00:19:30,036
Ancient engineers built
a network of wells and rest
stops stretching all the way

241
00:19:30,136 --> 00:19:34,040
across the desert, each
a day's walk from the last,

242
00:19:37,244 --> 00:19:39,346
enabling travelers and miners

243
00:19:39,446 --> 00:19:43,616
to safely cross and
explore the barren desert.

244
00:19:43,716 --> 00:19:48,288
The temple carvings
indicate these wells
led toward the mines.

245
00:19:49,222 --> 00:19:52,492
Thomas hopes he
will be able to find some
evidence of the people

246
00:19:52,592 --> 00:19:56,028
behind Tutankhamun's
goldmining operations.

247
00:19:58,498 --> 00:20:01,601
THOMAS: Now it's time
to go deeper East...

248
00:20:02,802 --> 00:20:06,539
NARRATOR: Like an
ancient treasure map,
they must follow the trail of

249
00:20:06,639 --> 00:20:09,008
wells further into the desert.

250
00:20:15,615 --> 00:20:18,751
In Aswan, at the ancient
burial site of Qubbet el-Hawa,

251
00:20:18,851 --> 00:20:23,456
Alejandro is about to
open a 4,000-year-old tomb.

252
00:20:24,391 --> 00:20:28,295
They're on the hunt
for whatever burial
treasure may be inside.

253
00:20:29,095 --> 00:20:32,332
ALEJANDRO:
I don't know who is more
nervous, me or my team.

254
00:20:38,605 --> 00:20:40,106
I want to go now!

255
00:20:40,206 --> 00:20:41,308
(laughs).

256
00:20:47,113 --> 00:20:51,150
NARRATOR: After a year
of waiting, Alejandro can
finally enter the tomb.

257
00:20:51,250 --> 00:20:53,252
ALEJANDRO: It's amazing.

258
00:20:54,654 --> 00:20:58,224
NARRATOR: It contains a
4,000-year-old coffin.

259
00:20:58,325 --> 00:21:03,195
Workers have inserted
a box covered in acid-free
paper inside the coffin to

260
00:21:03,296 --> 00:21:06,699
stop it from collapsing
while they examine the tomb.

261
00:21:06,799 --> 00:21:09,001
(sighs).

262
00:21:09,101 --> 00:21:12,204
ALEJANDRO: There, we
have been very lucky.

263
00:21:12,305 --> 00:21:14,674
It's impossible to explain
the feelings that I'm having.

264
00:21:14,774 --> 00:21:21,213
The burial consisted in two
coffins, the outer coffin
and the inner coffin.

265
00:21:22,682 --> 00:21:25,051
NARRATOR: Among the
debris of the outer coffin,

266
00:21:25,151 --> 00:21:28,621
Alejandro spots
something extraordinary.

267
00:21:32,224 --> 00:21:35,294
ALEJANDRO: It is full
of wooden models, but
unfortunately, the outer

268
00:21:35,395 --> 00:21:38,064
coffin fall over them.

269
00:21:38,164 --> 00:21:40,433
NARRATOR: The chamber
is full of model boats,

270
00:21:40,533 --> 00:21:43,603
similar to the one
in Tutankhamun's tomb.

271
00:21:43,703 --> 00:21:47,607
ALEJANDRO: To find
this funerary boat in
a tomb is rare today.

272
00:21:49,075 --> 00:21:53,413
NARRATOR: But there's
not just one, there are
four, complete with crew.

273
00:21:55,247 --> 00:21:59,486
ALEJANDRO: You want
to laugh, you want to
shout, you want to cry.

274
00:21:59,586 --> 00:22:04,156
NARRATOR: This is the
first time in seventy-years
a set of boats like

275
00:22:04,256 --> 00:22:06,459
this has been found.

276
00:22:07,460 --> 00:22:12,465
This discovery gives
Alejandro an extremely
rare opportunity to study

277
00:22:12,565 --> 00:22:16,135
such important burial goods.

278
00:22:18,838 --> 00:22:22,409
But first he has to extract
them from the tomb safely.

279
00:22:23,242 --> 00:22:26,546
Alejandro calls in his team
of conservation specialists,

280
00:22:26,646 --> 00:22:28,681
Sara and Theresa.

281
00:22:43,796 --> 00:22:47,133
NARRATOR: Termites have
attacked the wooden boats.

282
00:22:48,200 --> 00:22:51,738
Sara sprays on a
liquid adhesive to
hold them together.

283
00:22:53,706 --> 00:22:58,010
ALEJANDRO: So, we
will see if they are
capable to make a miracle.

284
00:23:04,617 --> 00:23:07,720
NARRATOR: They prepare
a foam-lined cradle to
support the boat for the move

285
00:23:07,820 --> 00:23:14,260
to the team's restoration lab,
but the wooden hull is
stuck to the tomb floor.

286
00:23:15,828 --> 00:23:19,732
It'll require surgical
precision using
scalpels to free it.

287
00:23:22,268 --> 00:23:24,604
ALEJANDRO: From the
tomb to the restoration
lab we are talking

288
00:23:24,704 --> 00:23:26,806
about perhaps 40-meters.

289
00:23:26,906 --> 00:23:31,243
But today's very windy which
is very, very aggressive.

290
00:23:35,314 --> 00:23:38,250
NARRATOR: The ancient
boats are extremely fragile.

291
00:23:44,591 --> 00:23:46,993
ALEJANDRO: Get ready.

292
00:23:47,093 --> 00:23:51,464
NARRATOR: With a drop in the
wind, the team sees the chance
to remove the first boat.

293
00:24:04,711 --> 00:24:09,015
*

294
00:24:23,730 --> 00:24:26,733
ALEJANDRO: Perfect.
That was exciting.

295
00:24:28,034 --> 00:24:31,538
One of the best
moments in my career.

296
00:24:31,638 --> 00:24:37,409
WOMAN: We have 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8 person.

297
00:24:39,612 --> 00:24:44,551
ALEJANDRO: We take
many weeks to clean it and
fix the pieces that were

298
00:24:44,651 --> 00:24:48,821
broken some centuries ago.

299
00:24:52,592 --> 00:24:56,295
NARRATOR: While the team
gets to work on the boat,

300
00:24:56,395 --> 00:25:00,466
Alejandro can finally
open the coffin to see
who and what is inside.

301
00:25:12,612 --> 00:25:14,213
In the middle of the desert,

302
00:25:14,313 --> 00:25:16,549
the convoy carrying
Tutankhamun's priceless

303
00:25:16,649 --> 00:25:22,088
treasures is two hours
into its journey when
Eissa spots a problem.

304
00:25:27,727 --> 00:25:31,664
NARRATOR: A thermal blanket
protecting Tut's golden
chariot is coming loose.

305
00:25:32,599 --> 00:25:36,703
If it flies off, it
could cause a crash.

306
00:25:41,073 --> 00:25:43,743
NARRATOR: The unscheduled
stop in the desert makes
this convoy,

307
00:25:43,843 --> 00:25:49,248
carrying the world's
most priceless treasures, a
potential target for hijackers.

308
00:25:49,348 --> 00:25:51,550
(speaking in Arabic).

309
00:26:00,492 --> 00:26:04,230
NARRATOR: Eissa and his
team are unable to secure
the loose thermal covering

310
00:26:04,330 --> 00:26:06,132
protecting Tut's chariot.

311
00:26:11,203 --> 00:26:12,805
NARRATOR: Removing the cover,

312
00:26:12,905 --> 00:26:15,675
they risk the
scorching desert heat
potentially damaging

313
00:26:15,775 --> 00:26:21,347
the priceless treasure.

314
00:26:21,447 --> 00:26:23,349
EISSA: Everything is okay.

315
00:26:23,683 --> 00:26:26,552
NARRATOR: Now, Eissa needs
to get the convoy moving.

316
00:26:33,392 --> 00:26:36,996
HASSAN: We hope to
arrive to Cairo safely.

317
00:26:47,106 --> 00:26:51,610
NARRATOR: In the Valley,
Egyptologist Aliaa
Ismail is on a mission to

318
00:26:51,711 --> 00:26:57,616
discover how Tutankhamun's
tomb and treasures remained
hidden for 3,000 years.

319
00:26:58,550 --> 00:27:04,090
ALIAA: A lot of robberies
were going on in ancient
times and modern times.

320
00:27:04,190 --> 00:27:07,794
But it seems that this
particular tomb was not found.

321
00:27:07,894 --> 00:27:09,796
How was it not found?

322
00:27:13,399 --> 00:27:17,603
NARRATOR: The ancient
engineers of Tutankhamun's
tomb had a plan.

323
00:27:17,704 --> 00:27:23,242
Inside the mountain,
they went to great lengths
to conceal the tomb.

324
00:27:23,342 --> 00:27:28,047
The Pharaoh's
burial chamber is located
26 feet underground,

325
00:27:28,147 --> 00:27:32,118
and is defended
from the inside out.

326
00:27:34,253 --> 00:27:38,725
Engineers constructed
a wall to block off
the burial chamber.

327
00:27:38,825 --> 00:27:42,695
They filled the
corridor leading to the
King with tons of rubble,

328
00:27:42,795 --> 00:27:48,634
before sealing a
final doorway and covering
Tutankhamun's tomb with

329
00:27:48,735 --> 00:27:54,673
a vast amount of boulders
under earth standard
tomb protection of the day.

330
00:27:57,409 --> 00:28:02,081
But when Carter
discovered this tomb, it had
more material on top than

331
00:28:02,181 --> 00:28:04,550
any other in the Valley.

332
00:28:05,617 --> 00:28:11,223
This may explain how it
remained undiscovered
for over 3,000 years.

333
00:28:12,191 --> 00:28:15,995
But how did this extra
rock and debris get here?

334
00:28:18,197 --> 00:28:22,201
Aliaa joins German Geologist
Martin Ziegler to investigate.

335
00:28:26,505 --> 00:28:29,475
MARTIN: If you want to
understand the evolution of
the Valley of the Kings, you

336
00:28:29,575 --> 00:28:31,343
need to also understand
the evolution of the rock.

337
00:28:32,278 --> 00:28:34,613
NARRATOR: Martin
thinks there could be clues
in the rocks at the

338
00:28:34,713 --> 00:28:37,049
entrance to a nearby tomb.

339
00:28:37,416 --> 00:28:40,552
MARTIN: Just at the
entrance of it, a slab
is just hanging above,

340
00:28:40,652 --> 00:28:43,355
a rock basically could
fall out of the cliff.

341
00:28:44,723 --> 00:28:48,060
NARRATOR: Egypt
is hit with dozens of
earthquakes each year.

342
00:28:48,160 --> 00:28:52,731
So, Martin's
installed a seismometer to
measure any vibrations that

343
00:28:52,832 --> 00:28:55,034
could trigger rock falls.

344
00:28:55,134 --> 00:28:57,636
MARTIN: With this one
we calculate it to be...

345
00:28:57,736 --> 00:29:01,340
weigh about 600 to 700
kilometers from the
Valley of the Kings.

346
00:29:01,440 --> 00:29:03,409
ALIAA: What if an
earthquake would...

347
00:29:03,509 --> 00:29:07,113
were to happen like much
closer to the Valley of the
Kings, how would it affect it?

348
00:29:07,213 --> 00:29:11,150
MARTIN: A very big
earthquake could destabilize
some rock portions.

349
00:29:11,250 --> 00:29:13,119
So, when you look in the...

350
00:29:13,219 --> 00:29:16,555
in the history of recorded
earthquakes, the historic
timescales, let's say the

351
00:29:16,655 --> 00:29:21,127
thousands of years, we have
some records of earthquakes
of that type of magnitude.

352
00:29:24,630 --> 00:29:29,301
NARRATOR: So, could rock
falls caused by earthquakes
3,000 years ago account

353
00:29:29,401 --> 00:29:34,106
for the extra tons of
rock that covered the
entrance to Tutankhamun's tomb?

354
00:29:35,007 --> 00:29:38,344
MARTIN: From the geological
past and the historic point
of view, they could have rock

355
00:29:38,444 --> 00:29:42,481
falls or rock slides
that are triggered by
earthquakes covering tombs.

356
00:29:43,482 --> 00:29:48,554
NARRATOR: But there are
no cliffs directly above
Tutankhamun's tomb, so it

357
00:29:48,654 --> 00:29:52,758
wouldn't have been hit
by a direct rockfall.

358
00:29:55,227 --> 00:29:58,697
How did so much extra
material travel down the
valley and completely cover

359
00:29:58,797 --> 00:30:01,433
the entrance to the tomb?

360
00:30:02,134 --> 00:30:06,238
To solve this mystery
Aliaa and Martin
must take to the air.

361
00:30:15,047 --> 00:30:18,750
Deep in the Eastern Desert,
Thomas and John are looking
for evidence of the miners who

362
00:30:18,851 --> 00:30:22,754
produced the gold for
Tutankhamun's treasures.

363
00:30:22,855 --> 00:30:26,658
They're trying to find
a route of ancient wells
that the goldminers would

364
00:30:26,758 --> 00:30:29,295
have followed as they
travelled to the mines.

365
00:30:30,396 --> 00:30:32,131
JOHN: It's like looking
for a needle in a haystack.

366
00:30:32,231 --> 00:30:34,066
But I'm losing a few kidneys.

367
00:30:34,166 --> 00:30:36,102
(laughs).

368
00:30:37,803 --> 00:30:40,539
NARRATOR: Seventy miles
from the last ancient well,

369
00:30:40,639 --> 00:30:43,509
Thomas and John
head into the unknown.

370
00:30:44,110 --> 00:30:48,547
With their G-P-S broken
down, they now risk
getting completely lost.

371
00:30:49,215 --> 00:30:51,517
JOHN: This piece of
technology is defunct!

372
00:30:51,617 --> 00:30:54,420
It is not working.

373
00:30:56,255 --> 00:31:00,059
Look here, it's literally
on the right side.

374
00:31:00,159 --> 00:31:02,328
So, we are now
at the back end.

375
00:31:02,428 --> 00:31:04,730
So, we need to turn around.

376
00:31:04,830 --> 00:31:09,668
NARRATOR: But after
two days of searching,
John thinks they may have

377
00:31:09,768 --> 00:31:11,803
finally found something.

378
00:31:11,904 --> 00:31:13,739
JOHN: What's that over there?

379
00:31:13,839 --> 00:31:16,342
At the base of that
mountain there?

380
00:31:16,442 --> 00:31:17,709
So, we found it!

381
00:31:22,681 --> 00:31:25,751
THOMAS: Okay, so it looks
that we've found a very
interesting place here.

382
00:31:25,851 --> 00:31:27,619
It's a settlement.

383
00:31:29,588 --> 00:31:33,125
NARRATOR: It may look like
scattered stones and debris,
but to Thomas' expert eye,

384
00:31:33,225 --> 00:31:36,195
he can see the outline
of ancient buildings.

385
00:31:36,795 --> 00:31:40,266
THOMAS: We have the huts
where the people were living
and where they were working.

386
00:31:40,366 --> 00:31:43,635
Yeah, we definitely have
here the evidence...

387
00:31:43,735 --> 00:31:45,537
JOHN: Oh Thomas...
THOMAS: Here...

388
00:31:45,637 --> 00:31:48,307
I mean people
have been working
here and we see, yeah,

389
00:31:48,407 --> 00:31:50,142
there are even more over there.

390
00:31:50,242 --> 00:31:51,944
NARRATOR: As they get closer,

391
00:31:52,044 --> 00:31:54,346
John spots the tools
the ancient miners
would have used to extract

392
00:31:54,446 --> 00:31:56,148
gold from the rocks.

393
00:31:56,248 --> 00:31:57,616
JOHN: Oh.

394
00:31:57,716 --> 00:31:59,551
THOMAS: Yeah, that's
the grinding stone.

395
00:31:59,651 --> 00:32:02,121
JOHN: That's a pounder.

396
00:32:02,221 --> 00:32:04,156
THOMAS: Yeah,
that's a pounder.
Yeah, exactly.

397
00:32:04,256 --> 00:32:05,791
JOHN: That's what
they would break...

398
00:32:05,891 --> 00:32:07,393
THOMAS: Yeah they would...
JOHN: The quartz with.
THOMAS: Yeah.

399
00:32:07,493 --> 00:32:11,430
NARRATOR: It's the remains of
an ancient goldmining camp.

400
00:32:11,530 --> 00:32:14,533
JOHN: I mean how many people
are we talking, 20, 30?

401
00:32:14,633 --> 00:32:17,636
THOMAS: Yeah maybe there were
like families living here.

402
00:32:17,736 --> 00:32:23,242
NARRATOR: Thomas has
studied ancient mining
techniques for years.

403
00:32:23,342 --> 00:32:28,414
But seeing this evidence
first-hand brings home the
hardships the miners endured.

404
00:32:29,481 --> 00:32:32,318
THOMAS: You start from
a piece of quartz like
this and you want to make

405
00:32:32,418 --> 00:32:33,752
product out of it.

406
00:32:33,852 --> 00:32:35,354
So, you need to crush it.

407
00:32:35,454 --> 00:32:38,490
And you have to imagine
how much pain it takes just

408
00:32:38,590 --> 00:32:41,493
to break a
single piece of quartz,

409
00:32:41,593 --> 00:32:46,132
doing that like all
day long, in the sun,
pounding and pounding and

410
00:32:46,232 --> 00:32:48,534
grinding and grinding
and doing that for years.

411
00:32:54,106 --> 00:32:57,409
NARRATOR: Evidence here
paints a picture of the
life of desert miners.

412
00:32:58,877 --> 00:33:04,450
They cut shafts stretching
up to thirty-two feet deep
into the stone in search of

413
00:33:04,550 --> 00:33:08,320
precious seams of quartz
rock that contained gold.

414
00:33:08,987 --> 00:33:12,191
Crushing the quartz was
a massive undertaking.

415
00:33:12,524 --> 00:33:16,128
Mining experts have
calculated that a team
of twenty people would take

416
00:33:16,228 --> 00:33:21,333
a week to process
enough stone to make
just a spoonful of gold.

417
00:33:23,102 --> 00:33:25,204
THOMAS: That's heavy.

418
00:33:25,304 --> 00:33:27,406
JOHN: Seriously.

419
00:33:27,506 --> 00:33:31,310
NARRATOR: Sadly, there is
very little evidence left of
these ancient mines, but these

420
00:33:31,410 --> 00:33:36,148
settlements provide new
insight into the communities
that lived such hard lives

421
00:33:36,248 --> 00:33:38,150
processing the gold.

422
00:33:38,250 --> 00:33:41,253
THOMAS: We have all the
material they were using
for sure, that they were

423
00:33:41,353 --> 00:33:47,159
working here to extract and
process the gold to send it
to the Valley of the Kings.

424
00:33:47,259 --> 00:33:50,596
JOHN: We've found it.
THOMAS: We've found it.

425
00:33:55,033 --> 00:33:59,405
NARRATOR: In Aswan,
Alejandro's team prepares to
remove the coffin from the

426
00:33:59,505 --> 00:34:01,407
tomb they've opened.

427
00:34:01,707 --> 00:34:05,744
Inscriptions reveal it belongs
to a man called Shemai.

428
00:34:05,844 --> 00:34:09,115
ALEJANDRO: They have
just struck the lid of
the coffin of Shemai.

429
00:34:10,516 --> 00:34:17,156
Rebecca, you are the first
person that is looking at
Shemai's face in 4000 years.

430
00:34:21,627 --> 00:34:23,695
(speaking in Arabic).

431
00:34:23,795 --> 00:34:25,464
Congratulations!

432
00:34:25,564 --> 00:34:27,999
(laughs).

433
00:34:28,867 --> 00:34:33,004
NARRATOR: The inner
coffin is intact, but
extremely fragile.

434
00:34:33,105 --> 00:34:38,076
Alejandro's team has
reinforced it to try and
protect the mummy inside.

435
00:34:38,177 --> 00:34:40,646
ALEJANDRO: It's
difficult to express the
feelings that I have now.

436
00:34:41,613 --> 00:34:48,254
It's a special moment because
I'm studying this family, and
it's almost my second family.

437
00:34:59,665 --> 00:35:02,268
NARRATOR: In the
restoration lab,
the intricate beauty

438
00:35:02,368 --> 00:35:05,304
of the model boats
is starting to appear.

439
00:35:06,272 --> 00:35:11,277
Termites have
eaten much of the wood,
but their excrement

440
00:35:11,377 --> 00:35:16,148
has actually helped hold
parts of the boats together
for thousands of years.

441
00:35:16,248 --> 00:35:20,319
ALEJANDRO: We have some
parts that are still in a very
good state of conservation.

442
00:35:20,419 --> 00:35:25,557
This head of the man,
it is covered with
excrement of the termites,

443
00:35:25,657 --> 00:35:29,060
but the wood is still visible.

444
00:35:30,429 --> 00:35:34,733
NARRATOR: Alejandro has
spotted a figure distinct
from the other carvings.

445
00:35:34,833 --> 00:35:41,273
ALEJANDRO: We can see in the
middle of the boat a yellow
face which belongs to a mummy,

446
00:35:41,607 --> 00:35:44,610
which would represent Shemai.

447
00:35:46,011 --> 00:35:50,115
NARRATOR: This exceptional
discovery will help
archaeologists understand

448
00:35:50,216 --> 00:35:53,352
the evolution of burial
practices in ancient Egypt.

449
00:35:58,624 --> 00:36:02,127
ALEJANDRO: I was
dreaming always to
discover something like this,

450
00:36:02,228 --> 00:36:05,197
and it's a dream that came true.

451
00:36:08,500 --> 00:36:12,738
NARRATOR: Alejandro's
next task is to bring
Shemai's mummy above ground

452
00:36:12,838 --> 00:36:16,608
for the first time
in 4,000 years.

453
00:36:31,089 --> 00:36:32,524
NARRATOR: In the
Valley of the Kings,

454
00:36:32,624 --> 00:36:35,327
Aliaa and Martin look
for clues to explain why

455
00:36:35,427 --> 00:36:38,664
Tutankhamun's tomb
remained hidden for so long.

456
00:36:41,533 --> 00:36:45,471
They've got special
permission from the Government
to use a drone to get a unique

457
00:36:45,571 --> 00:36:48,540
perspective on the position
of Tutankhamun's tomb.

458
00:36:48,640 --> 00:36:50,509
MARTIN: There we go.

459
00:36:53,245 --> 00:36:59,117
MAN: If we look down we
should be over the Tutankhamun
entrance right now.

460
00:37:07,426 --> 00:37:10,729
MARTIN: Now we can see the
cliffs in the back, and we can
see the central position of

461
00:37:10,829 --> 00:37:13,732
the tomb.

462
00:37:13,832 --> 00:37:17,202
And above we can see debris.

463
00:37:19,405 --> 00:37:24,042
NARRATOR: Loose rock and
debris cover the cliffs
behind Tut's tomb.

464
00:37:24,142 --> 00:37:29,415
But the drone also reveals
these flood channels, carved
into the rock by heavy rains

465
00:37:29,515 --> 00:37:34,753
over thousands of
years and they could be
the vital missing clue.

466
00:37:36,087 --> 00:37:39,525
MARTIN: We think that if we
have flash flooding, that
material can flow down in

467
00:37:39,625 --> 00:37:42,193
these kinds of channels.

468
00:37:45,697 --> 00:37:49,134
NARRATOR: Throughout
history the Valley has
been hit by earthquakes,

469
00:37:49,234 --> 00:37:52,037
and occasional flash floods.

470
00:37:53,204 --> 00:37:57,343
The flood waters push rubble
downhill toward the tombs.

471
00:38:01,212 --> 00:38:06,518
Tutankhamun's tomb
lies in the spot where the
channels of water converge,

472
00:38:08,854 --> 00:38:11,256
and dump tons of rock.

473
00:38:15,494 --> 00:38:20,466
This, combined with stone
chippings from a tomb built
above, buried the entrance

474
00:38:20,566 --> 00:38:26,237
deeper and kept it hidden
for over 3,000 years.

475
00:38:28,674 --> 00:38:32,744
ALIAA: It's very exciting
for me as an Egyptologist
to see Tutankhamun's tomb

476
00:38:32,844 --> 00:38:37,516
from up here and see how it
fits within the valley.

477
00:38:37,616 --> 00:38:41,252
It is the prime
location, it is the one
that was most protected.

478
00:38:41,353 --> 00:38:44,089
He got the most
sheltered tomb of all.

479
00:38:46,224 --> 00:38:51,096
NARRATOR: Tutankhamun was
a boy King who played a
minor role in Egypt's history,

480
00:38:51,196 --> 00:38:55,701
but because his
tomb remained hidden
for thousands of years,

481
00:38:55,801 --> 00:38:59,337
his treasure was kept
safe from robbers and

482
00:38:59,438 --> 00:39:02,708
made him
the legend we know today.

483
00:39:12,217 --> 00:39:16,021
In Aswan, the team is
bringing the mummy of
ancient Egyptian Shemai

484
00:39:16,121 --> 00:39:20,191
to the surface for the
first time in 4,000 years.

485
00:39:28,600 --> 00:39:32,738
This is the culmination
of ten years of field
work for Alejandro,

486
00:39:32,838 --> 00:39:37,242
and an incredible
opportunity to
learn more about Shemai.

487
00:39:48,854 --> 00:39:53,659
ALEJANDRO: Oh 125,
it's quite short.

488
00:39:56,428 --> 00:40:00,065
My daughter is more
of less like this and
she's eight years old.

489
00:40:01,800 --> 00:40:08,273
I expected that at
least he would be around
20-years-old or something.

490
00:40:10,275 --> 00:40:12,110
It has been a surprise.

491
00:40:12,210 --> 00:40:16,482
I never expected that
he could be just a boy.

492
00:40:19,417 --> 00:40:24,155
On his coffin it
was written that he was
the person in charge of

493
00:40:24,255 --> 00:40:26,992
the administration of the store.

494
00:40:27,893 --> 00:40:32,664
Controlling the store,
you control the people
because you decide who is going

495
00:40:32,764 --> 00:40:35,100
to receive food or not.

496
00:40:35,867 --> 00:40:39,638
NARRATOR: This new
evidence reveals Shemai
held a powerful position in

497
00:40:39,738 --> 00:40:43,509
Egyptian Society at
a very young age.

498
00:40:43,609 --> 00:40:47,312
He may not have been
a Pharaoh, but like
the boy King Tutankhamun,

499
00:40:47,412 --> 00:40:53,685
his status afforded him a tomb
and burial goods to ensure a
safe passage into the afterlife

500
00:41:02,193 --> 00:41:06,131
It's taken twelve
hours, but finally
Eissa and his convoy of

501
00:41:06,231 --> 00:41:09,200
Tutankhamun's treasures
arrive in the city.

502
00:41:27,352 --> 00:41:28,754
It's very, very,
very exciting.

503
00:41:28,854 --> 00:41:31,022
We wait for this moment.

504
00:41:33,058 --> 00:41:35,093
NARRATOR: Tarek Tawfik
the Museum Director,

505
00:41:35,193 --> 00:41:37,796
is anxious to get
everything safely inside.

506
00:41:43,735 --> 00:41:48,139
TAREK: The first cradles
have to be taken out, in
order for the Tutankhamun

507
00:41:48,239 --> 00:41:50,275
pieces to start emerging.

508
00:41:55,446 --> 00:41:57,616
EISSA: Now I can say
I'm very, very happy.

509
00:41:57,716 --> 00:41:59,217
Mission is complete, yes.

510
00:41:59,818 --> 00:42:03,321
TAREK: It will be like
unpacking Christmas presents.

511
00:42:04,189 --> 00:42:10,095
When we get out these pieces
and find out more details
about how they complement the

512
00:42:10,195 --> 00:42:12,463
whole story of
King Tutankhamun.

513
00:42:16,401 --> 00:42:20,672
NARRATOR: Eissa's team
can finally unpack the
priceless treasures.

514
00:42:25,043 --> 00:42:28,413
Scientists and
Egyptologists can
now begin to study and

515
00:42:28,513 --> 00:42:32,417
analyze each item in
their new high-tech lab.

516
00:42:34,319 --> 00:42:37,723
Top of the list are the
newly discovered boat pieces.

517
00:42:40,425 --> 00:42:45,130
MOHAMMAD: We'll check
now in our database which
of them maybe related to any

518
00:42:45,230 --> 00:42:46,998
of the boats in the storeroom.

519
00:42:48,900 --> 00:42:52,804
NARRATOR: For almost
100 years, the boat that was
buried alongside Tutankhamun

520
00:42:52,904 --> 00:42:57,242
to help him travel
into the afterlife has
been missing its mast.

521
00:42:59,678 --> 00:43:03,615
(speaking in Arabic).

522
00:43:07,352 --> 00:43:08,820
HASSAN: Exactly!

523
00:43:22,333 --> 00:43:24,402
MOHAMMAD: It's very beautiful.

524
00:43:26,004 --> 00:43:32,343
It's amazing that after all
these years, we still have new
discoveries and new secrets

525
00:43:32,443 --> 00:43:36,414
for this golden King,
Tutankhamun.

526
00:43:38,516 --> 00:43:40,752
NARRATOR: 100 years
after its discovery,

527
00:43:40,852 --> 00:43:43,254
Tutankhamun's stunning
treasure is still

528
00:43:43,354 --> 00:43:45,323
surprising the world.

529
00:43:48,326 --> 00:43:49,695
And the Valley of the Kings

530
00:43:49,795 --> 00:43:53,231
shows why it remains the
greatest place on Earth to

531
00:43:53,331 --> 00:43:57,068
hunt for the secrets of
Egypt's famous Pharaohs.

532
00:43:57,635 --> 00:43:58,636
Captioned by Cotter
Captioning Services.