1 00:00:03,600 --> 00:00:05,480 NARRATOR: Egypt... 2 00:00:05,480 --> 00:00:07,840 the richest source of archaeological treasures 3 00:00:07,840 --> 00:00:10,520 on the planet. 4 00:00:10,520 --> 00:00:12,560 MAN: Oh, whoa, look at that. 5 00:00:14,520 --> 00:00:18,840 NARRATOR: Hidden beneath this desert landscape 6 00:00:18,840 --> 00:00:24,240 lie the secrets of this ancient civilization. 7 00:00:24,240 --> 00:00:26,800 MAN: I'’ve never seen something like this. 8 00:00:26,800 --> 00:00:30,880 NARRATOR: Now for a full season of excavations, 9 00:00:30,880 --> 00:00:33,840 our cameras have been given unprecedented access 10 00:00:33,840 --> 00:00:38,200 to follow teams on the front line of archaeology. 11 00:00:38,200 --> 00:00:40,400 WOMAN: This is the most critical moment. 12 00:00:40,400 --> 00:00:41,960 [men grunting] 13 00:00:41,960 --> 00:00:43,840 NARRATOR: Revealing buried treasures... 14 00:00:43,840 --> 00:00:44,840 WOMAN: Oh! 15 00:00:44,840 --> 00:00:46,880 MAN: We were lucky today. 16 00:00:46,880 --> 00:00:49,120 MAN: Wow, lots of mummies. 17 00:00:49,120 --> 00:00:50,880 WOMAN: The smell is horrible. 18 00:00:50,880 --> 00:00:52,520 NARRATOR: And making discoveries 19 00:00:52,520 --> 00:00:54,880 that could rewrite ancient history... 20 00:00:54,880 --> 00:00:58,760 MAN: We'’ve never had the proof until now. 21 00:00:58,760 --> 00:01:01,760 WOMAN: This is where it all started. 22 00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:05,000 MAN: My goodness, I never expected this. 23 00:01:05,000 --> 00:01:07,240 [clapping] 24 00:01:07,240 --> 00:01:08,800 NARRATOR: This time... 25 00:01:08,800 --> 00:01:10,600 KATHLEEN MARTINEZ: We'’re going to start from here. 26 00:01:10,600 --> 00:01:14,000 NARRATOR: Kathleen is in search of the lost tomb of Cleopatra. 27 00:01:14,000 --> 00:01:16,360 KATHLEEN: I have to go down and see. 28 00:01:16,360 --> 00:01:18,840 NARRATOR: Calliope digs up a city center 29 00:01:18,840 --> 00:01:21,360 in the hunt for the queen'’s capital... 30 00:01:21,360 --> 00:01:23,760 CALLIOPE LIMNEOS-PAPAKOSTA: Look how big it is. 31 00:01:23,760 --> 00:01:26,200 NARRATOR: ...uncovering heroes and kings. 32 00:01:26,200 --> 00:01:27,640 CALLIOPE: Amazing. 33 00:01:27,640 --> 00:01:30,880 Helmet and weapon means a warrior. 34 00:01:30,880 --> 00:01:33,160 NARRATOR: And in the ancient Egyptian land of the dead... 35 00:01:33,160 --> 00:01:35,000 BAHAA GABER: You feel that something here. 36 00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:37,440 NARRATOR: Bahaa and his team move mountains... 37 00:01:37,440 --> 00:01:39,320 BAHAA: It seems it'’s still alive. 38 00:01:39,320 --> 00:01:41,720 NARRATOR: ...in search of lost pharaohs. 39 00:01:41,720 --> 00:01:43,880 ♪ 40 00:01:43,880 --> 00:01:48,360 ♪ 41 00:01:51,400 --> 00:01:54,400 The floodplains of the River Nile, 42 00:01:54,400 --> 00:01:56,800 home to one of the longest-lived civilizations 43 00:01:56,800 --> 00:01:59,640 of the ancient world, 44 00:01:59,640 --> 00:02:04,760 and the burial ground of pharaohs for over 3,000 years. 45 00:02:04,760 --> 00:02:08,280 But not all of Egypt'’s rulers built giant monuments 46 00:02:08,280 --> 00:02:12,200 to mark their final resting place. 47 00:02:12,200 --> 00:02:15,680 Some tombs remain lost, 48 00:02:15,680 --> 00:02:21,160 and there is one that the world is desperate to find. 49 00:02:21,160 --> 00:02:25,440 The last resting place of Cleopatra. 50 00:02:25,440 --> 00:02:29,360 Last year, Dominican archaeologist Kathleen Martinez 51 00:02:29,360 --> 00:02:32,800 discovered traces of a large void beneath the ruins 52 00:02:32,800 --> 00:02:37,680 of the northern Egyptian temple of Taposiris Magna. 53 00:02:37,680 --> 00:02:41,720 KATHLEEN: Wow. I'’m gonna cry, I'’m so happy. 54 00:02:41,720 --> 00:02:44,960 NARRATOR: She believes it could hold clues to, 55 00:02:44,960 --> 00:02:49,520 or perhaps even be, the lost tomb of Egypt'’s final pharaoh. 56 00:02:51,400 --> 00:02:53,040 KATHLEEN: We have this temple 57 00:02:53,040 --> 00:02:57,040 which was dedicated to Osiris and Isis. 58 00:02:57,040 --> 00:03:00,240 It could be the final resting place of Queen Cleopatra, 59 00:03:00,240 --> 00:03:04,840 because she was the human representation of goddess Isis. 60 00:03:04,840 --> 00:03:07,480 It fit perfect with Cleopatra'’s story. 61 00:03:11,760 --> 00:03:14,000 NARRATOR: At the time of Cleopatra'’s death, 62 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:16,880 Taposiris Magna had been a religious sanctuary 63 00:03:16,880 --> 00:03:20,120 for more than two centuries. 64 00:03:20,120 --> 00:03:25,160 Thick walls protected an area the size of a city block. 65 00:03:25,160 --> 00:03:27,880 Egyptians would come to the temple complex 66 00:03:27,880 --> 00:03:30,880 to worship Isis and Osiris. 67 00:03:30,880 --> 00:03:35,200 Here archaeologists unearthed broken statues of Isis, 68 00:03:35,200 --> 00:03:38,240 the goddess Cleopatra most admired. 69 00:03:38,240 --> 00:03:40,640 They also discovered an alabaster bust 70 00:03:40,640 --> 00:03:42,520 of the legendary queen, 71 00:03:42,520 --> 00:03:45,760 and a broken mask resembling portraits of her lover, 72 00:03:45,760 --> 00:03:48,760 the Roman general, Mark Antony. 73 00:03:48,760 --> 00:03:50,880 Could this mean the Taposiris Magna 74 00:03:50,880 --> 00:03:53,480 is Cleopatra'’s final resting place? 75 00:03:57,920 --> 00:04:01,120 It'’s a theory Kathleen has been meticulously building 76 00:04:01,120 --> 00:04:04,200 for more than a decade. 77 00:04:04,200 --> 00:04:05,760 KATHLEEN: The last queen of Egypt 78 00:04:05,760 --> 00:04:08,840 was an extraordinary woman. 79 00:04:08,840 --> 00:04:13,760 She was a goddess, she was a warrior, she was a queen, 80 00:04:13,760 --> 00:04:17,360 she was a mother, and she fascinates me. 81 00:04:19,880 --> 00:04:22,760 NARRATOR: To excavate down to the void beneath the temple 82 00:04:22,760 --> 00:04:24,280 would mean destroying 83 00:04:24,280 --> 00:04:28,760 2,000-year-old Egyptian heritage. 84 00:04:28,760 --> 00:04:32,600 But Kathleen believes there may be a better route. 85 00:04:32,600 --> 00:04:35,520 KATHLEEN: One of the main objective 86 00:04:35,520 --> 00:04:37,840 when I came to Taposiris Magna 87 00:04:37,840 --> 00:04:42,160 was to discover possible tunnels, passages underground 88 00:04:42,160 --> 00:04:45,880 that might lead me to the tombs. 89 00:04:45,880 --> 00:04:52,120 Right now I have 14 tunnels discovered and seven chambers. 90 00:04:52,120 --> 00:04:54,520 I believe one of those tunnels 91 00:04:54,520 --> 00:04:57,800 will lead me to the tomb of Queen Cleopatra. 92 00:05:01,480 --> 00:05:04,440 NARRATOR: Only a few sections of the 14 underground tunnels 93 00:05:04,440 --> 00:05:06,680 have been explored; 94 00:05:06,680 --> 00:05:09,880 any of them could lead Kathleen to her target. 95 00:05:09,880 --> 00:05:13,120 But she can only access the subterranean network 96 00:05:13,120 --> 00:05:16,040 via precipitous shafts. 97 00:05:16,040 --> 00:05:19,720 With a potential drop as deep as an eight-story building, 98 00:05:19,720 --> 00:05:22,760 she can'’t take any risks. 99 00:05:22,760 --> 00:05:24,600 KATHLEEN: There is a big problem 100 00:05:24,600 --> 00:05:29,960 because the way they'’ve placed the ladder, it'’s crazy. 101 00:05:29,960 --> 00:05:33,960 This is like committing suicide. 102 00:05:33,960 --> 00:05:37,160 We risk our lives every day, 103 00:05:37,160 --> 00:05:40,800 trying to solve the secrets of Taposiris Magna. 104 00:05:40,800 --> 00:05:42,680 NARRATOR: Without a long enough ladder, 105 00:05:42,680 --> 00:05:44,840 Kathleen'’s team can'’t get to the tunnel 106 00:05:44,840 --> 00:05:46,880 she hopes to explore. 107 00:05:46,880 --> 00:05:52,280 She needs to extend the ladder, but that requires a blacksmith. 108 00:05:52,280 --> 00:05:53,840 KATHLEEN: I say I need it in one hour, 109 00:05:53,840 --> 00:05:57,440 they say, "Well, maybe two, we are discussing." 110 00:05:57,440 --> 00:05:58,440 MAN: One hour. 111 00:05:58,440 --> 00:05:59,800 KATHLEEN: One hour, but. 112 00:05:59,800 --> 00:06:01,840 [laughs] 113 00:06:01,840 --> 00:06:04,880 When we go down, we'’ll find Cleopatra. 114 00:06:04,880 --> 00:06:08,800 [laughing] 115 00:06:08,800 --> 00:06:11,040 NARRATOR: If she can'’t get a longer ladder, 116 00:06:11,040 --> 00:06:15,040 the secrets below ground will remain out of reach. 117 00:06:17,680 --> 00:06:21,720 30 miles to the east is one of Egypt'’s busiest cities: 118 00:06:21,720 --> 00:06:23,360 Alexandria. 119 00:06:25,480 --> 00:06:28,280 This was Cleopatra'’s capital, 120 00:06:28,280 --> 00:06:31,120 the center of power for her family line, 121 00:06:31,120 --> 00:06:34,800 known as the Ptolemies. 122 00:06:34,800 --> 00:06:39,160 Calliope Limneos-Papakosta has been unearthing the treasures 123 00:06:39,160 --> 00:06:43,960 of Ptolemaic Egypt for more than 10 years. 124 00:06:43,960 --> 00:06:46,400 Among them, an incredible statue 125 00:06:46,400 --> 00:06:49,360 of the legendary conqueror of the ancient world, 126 00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:50,920 Alexander the Great. 127 00:06:53,600 --> 00:06:56,640 CALLIOPE: This is the most important moment of my life, 128 00:06:56,640 --> 00:06:59,800 the discovery of this statue. 129 00:06:59,800 --> 00:07:02,920 When I took the soil out of his face, 130 00:07:02,920 --> 00:07:06,440 I was sure I faced Alexander the Great, 131 00:07:06,440 --> 00:07:08,760 the founder of the city of Alexandria. 132 00:07:08,760 --> 00:07:12,920 The hero of the Greeks, the hero of the Egyptians after that. 133 00:07:12,920 --> 00:07:18,680 The hero of all the nations that he conquered. 134 00:07:18,680 --> 00:07:23,040 NARRATOR: Alexander'’s city was a Mediterranean powerhouse. 135 00:07:23,040 --> 00:07:26,840 It flourished for almost 300 years under the Ptolemies 136 00:07:26,840 --> 00:07:29,680 until rule passed to the dynasty'’s final queen. 137 00:07:32,480 --> 00:07:34,720 Born in 69 BC, 138 00:07:34,720 --> 00:07:38,800 Cleopatra was the daughter of King Ptolemy XII. 139 00:07:38,800 --> 00:07:40,760 Her father died when she was 18, 140 00:07:40,760 --> 00:07:44,320 and Cleopatra became queen. 141 00:07:44,320 --> 00:07:47,880 But she had to share the throne with her 12-year-old brother, 142 00:07:47,880 --> 00:07:50,040 and also marry him. 143 00:07:50,040 --> 00:07:51,760 He sent her into exile, 144 00:07:51,760 --> 00:07:53,600 but she smuggled herself 145 00:07:53,600 --> 00:07:56,640 into the company of Roman dictator Julius Caesar 146 00:07:56,640 --> 00:07:59,920 and persuaded him to help reinstate her as queen. 147 00:07:59,920 --> 00:08:03,360 Educated in the famous library of Alexandria, 148 00:08:03,360 --> 00:08:05,480 Cleopatra spoke several languages 149 00:08:05,480 --> 00:08:07,000 and became known for her intelligence 150 00:08:07,000 --> 00:08:09,200 and political skill. 151 00:08:09,200 --> 00:08:11,680 She led Egypt'’s forces into battle 152 00:08:11,680 --> 00:08:13,000 and kept the country independent 153 00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:14,600 right up to her death. 154 00:08:20,000 --> 00:08:25,720 Cleopatra'’s capital once boasted unimaginable wealth. 155 00:08:25,720 --> 00:08:30,320 Today its remains are buried. 156 00:08:30,320 --> 00:08:33,760 Calliope'’s mission is not to dig up Cleopatra'’s body, 157 00:08:33,760 --> 00:08:36,400 but to uncover her life. 158 00:08:36,400 --> 00:08:41,960 Her target is Cleopatra'’s home, the ancient royal quarter. 159 00:08:41,960 --> 00:08:45,720 It could hold long-forgotten secrets of the Egyptian queen 160 00:08:45,720 --> 00:08:49,320 as well as her ancestors. 161 00:08:49,320 --> 00:08:52,920 CALLIOPE: In the area of the royal quarter, 162 00:08:52,920 --> 00:08:56,800 Ptolemy IV constructed a huge mausoleum. 163 00:08:56,800 --> 00:09:00,480 All the Ptolemies were buried in this mausoleum, 164 00:09:00,480 --> 00:09:05,680 except one: the Queen Cleopatra. 165 00:09:05,680 --> 00:09:07,800 NARRATOR: Calliope hunts in Alexandria'’s equivalent 166 00:09:07,800 --> 00:09:13,080 of Central Park, Shallalat Gardens. 167 00:09:13,080 --> 00:09:14,520 It'’s here that she discovered 168 00:09:14,520 --> 00:09:19,720 her marble statue of Alexander the Great. 169 00:09:19,720 --> 00:09:22,880 But this dig is no walk in the park; 170 00:09:22,880 --> 00:09:25,440 it'’s a fight against nature. 171 00:09:27,760 --> 00:09:30,400 CALLIOPE: Our target is the Ptolemaic level, 172 00:09:30,400 --> 00:09:36,400 and this level is lower than the water table. 173 00:09:36,400 --> 00:09:41,120 It'’s a huge project, pumping the water now 24 hours per day. 174 00:09:43,880 --> 00:09:47,040 But we believe that this area 175 00:09:47,040 --> 00:09:50,800 has a lot of secrets to be revealed. 176 00:09:50,800 --> 00:09:55,360 NARRATOR: If the pumps fail, the site will be drowned, 177 00:09:55,360 --> 00:09:59,200 destroying an entire season'’s progress in a matter of hours. 178 00:10:02,160 --> 00:10:06,240 400 miles south of Alexandria is Luxor, 179 00:10:06,240 --> 00:10:11,000 site of the ancient capital of Thebes. 180 00:10:11,000 --> 00:10:13,840 This was the heart of the ancient Egyptian culture 181 00:10:13,840 --> 00:10:19,960 that Cleopatra inherited and ruled over. 182 00:10:19,960 --> 00:10:24,200 The city was the seat of Egypt'’s pharaohs. 183 00:10:24,200 --> 00:10:26,720 Their tombs are scattered 184 00:10:26,720 --> 00:10:30,120 throughout the nearby Valley of the Kings. 185 00:10:30,120 --> 00:10:34,920 But like the tomb of Cleopatra, many have never been found. 186 00:10:40,040 --> 00:10:42,760 BAHAA: We can remove this debris from here. 187 00:10:42,760 --> 00:10:45,520 NARRATOR: Bahaa Gaber and his team are here to scour 188 00:10:45,520 --> 00:10:47,080 the mouth of the valley 189 00:10:47,080 --> 00:10:50,560 on the mountain site of Dra Abu el-Naga. 190 00:10:50,560 --> 00:10:52,520 BAHAA: Oh, wow, this is linen! 191 00:10:52,520 --> 00:10:57,080 It means that we should have a mummy! 192 00:10:57,080 --> 00:10:58,200 NARRATOR: And he has a particular 193 00:10:58,200 --> 00:11:02,320 lost pharaoh in mind. 194 00:11:02,320 --> 00:11:05,800 BAHAA: We are missing one of the tombs in Valley of the Kings, 195 00:11:05,800 --> 00:11:10,480 the tomb of a king called Amenhotep I. 196 00:11:10,480 --> 00:11:13,920 We are thinking that this king had been buried here 197 00:11:13,920 --> 00:11:16,480 in Dra Abu el-Naga. 198 00:11:16,480 --> 00:11:19,120 NARRATOR: Amenhotep I was among the early kings 199 00:11:19,120 --> 00:11:22,200 of the famous 18th dynasty. 200 00:11:22,200 --> 00:11:25,400 His successors, including Tutankhamun, 201 00:11:25,400 --> 00:11:27,520 were buried nearby. 202 00:11:27,520 --> 00:11:32,280 It means this mountain could be a prized burial ground. 203 00:11:32,280 --> 00:11:35,880 BAHAA: The ancient people carved the tomb on the bedrock, 204 00:11:35,880 --> 00:11:39,040 that'’s why we are cleaning the mountain. 205 00:11:41,080 --> 00:11:44,640 We divided the area into three different sites, 206 00:11:44,640 --> 00:11:49,920 each one of those groups, they are looking for a tomb. 207 00:11:49,920 --> 00:11:52,160 NARRATOR: After three years of digging, 208 00:11:52,160 --> 00:11:54,040 his team may be closer than ever 209 00:11:54,040 --> 00:11:57,800 to their dream of finding a king. 210 00:11:57,800 --> 00:12:01,080 Archaeologist Ahmed El-Taayeb investigates 211 00:12:01,080 --> 00:12:05,240 a corner of the site where workers are uncovering a wall. 212 00:12:05,240 --> 00:12:09,160 In the dust they find clues that it might enclose a tomb. 213 00:12:14,360 --> 00:12:16,400 NARRATOR: On this desolate mountain, 214 00:12:16,400 --> 00:12:18,520 at the base of a rock wall, 215 00:12:18,520 --> 00:12:21,880 this shard of wood can only be one thing. 216 00:12:37,200 --> 00:12:39,640 NARRATOR: It'’s barely 8:00 AM on the mountain 217 00:12:39,640 --> 00:12:44,560 at Dra Abu el-Naga, but Ahmed'’s crew is buzzing. 218 00:12:44,560 --> 00:12:46,560 A coffin could be the clue 219 00:12:46,560 --> 00:12:49,880 that leads him and fellow archaeologist Mohamed Beabesh 220 00:12:49,880 --> 00:12:52,440 to a lost pharaoh'’s tomb. 221 00:12:52,440 --> 00:12:53,800 They pick up the pace. 222 00:13:06,640 --> 00:13:09,800 NARRATOR: What at first looked like a fallen piece of wall 223 00:13:09,800 --> 00:13:11,720 could be a woman'’s gravestone. 224 00:13:21,640 --> 00:13:24,000 NARRATOR: If the tomb marker and the coffin fragments 225 00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:28,280 go together, it'’s a good sign. 226 00:13:28,280 --> 00:13:31,400 This could be a noble'’s burial. 227 00:13:31,400 --> 00:13:34,760 The king might not be far away. 228 00:13:34,760 --> 00:13:38,360 BAHAA: Oh, Mohamed, I think you feel there'’s something here. 229 00:13:38,360 --> 00:13:41,800 MOHAMED: I feel it, I just feel it, I just feel it. 230 00:13:41,800 --> 00:13:43,840 BAHAA: We keep going, we keep going and see. 231 00:13:43,840 --> 00:13:46,160 MOHAMED: Okay. 232 00:13:46,160 --> 00:13:49,760 NARRATOR: At the temple complex of Taposiris Magna, 233 00:13:49,760 --> 00:13:53,080 Kathleen Martinez and her team have moved tons of earth 234 00:13:53,080 --> 00:13:55,360 in search of Cleopatra. 235 00:13:55,360 --> 00:13:57,240 The result of all that labor 236 00:13:57,240 --> 00:14:00,760 is a breathtaking network of ancient chambers. 237 00:14:05,200 --> 00:14:07,720 Underneath the beautiful temple, 238 00:14:07,720 --> 00:14:12,720 there'’s a labyrinth of tunnels holding many secrets. 239 00:14:12,720 --> 00:14:15,360 In one shaft, Kathleen found the remains 240 00:14:15,360 --> 00:14:17,360 of a pregnant Greek woman, 241 00:14:17,360 --> 00:14:22,440 clutching a bust of Alexander the Great. 242 00:14:22,440 --> 00:14:25,800 In another shaft, 80 feet below the ground, 243 00:14:25,800 --> 00:14:29,160 she found two people, thought to be priests, 244 00:14:29,160 --> 00:14:32,200 buried in the fetal position and adorned with jewelry. 245 00:14:35,200 --> 00:14:37,800 These burials build Kathleen'’s case 246 00:14:37,800 --> 00:14:41,640 the Taposiris Magna was a very important site, 247 00:14:41,640 --> 00:14:45,080 with plenty of places for Cleopatra to lie hidden. 248 00:14:50,040 --> 00:14:54,080 But this season, unprecedented storms have hit the site. 249 00:14:54,080 --> 00:14:57,120 The rains have taken days off her dig schedule, 250 00:14:57,120 --> 00:15:00,720 throwing her plans into chaos 251 00:15:00,720 --> 00:15:03,440 and threatening all her work. 252 00:15:05,840 --> 00:15:09,920 Kathleen'’s team has been using tomb two for storage, 253 00:15:09,920 --> 00:15:11,560 but rain dripping through the rock 254 00:15:11,560 --> 00:15:14,880 has entirely submerged the lower chamber, 255 00:15:14,880 --> 00:15:20,600 putting her carefully excavated ancient remains underwater. 256 00:15:20,600 --> 00:15:23,400 KATHLEEN: This is a rescue archaeology. 257 00:15:23,400 --> 00:15:26,280 We are trying to rescue the human remains 258 00:15:26,280 --> 00:15:28,680 that has been flooded. 259 00:15:28,680 --> 00:15:32,840 And we need to do something. 260 00:15:32,840 --> 00:15:35,400 NARRATOR: While the team bails out the storage area, 261 00:15:35,400 --> 00:15:38,480 Archaeologist Linda Chapon turns her attention 262 00:15:38,480 --> 00:15:42,760 to an unexcavated corner of the tomb that escaped the flood. 263 00:15:42,760 --> 00:15:44,840 The burials here could hold clues 264 00:15:44,840 --> 00:15:48,160 to other secrets hidden at the site 265 00:15:48,160 --> 00:15:52,760 and help steer Kathleen'’s search for Cleopatra. 266 00:15:52,760 --> 00:15:54,760 LINDA CHAPON: I think that it has been disturbed 267 00:15:54,760 --> 00:15:56,800 because the skulls are not placed 268 00:15:56,800 --> 00:15:59,760 in their original position. 269 00:15:59,760 --> 00:16:02,800 NARRATOR: The bones are scattered. 270 00:16:02,800 --> 00:16:07,720 Whoever they were, these bodies had something worth looting. 271 00:16:07,720 --> 00:16:10,800 But even though robbers have ransacked the corpses, 272 00:16:10,800 --> 00:16:12,720 clues still remain. 273 00:16:12,720 --> 00:16:13,840 KATHLEEN: This one is very well preserved. 274 00:16:13,840 --> 00:16:14,840 LINDA: Yeah. 275 00:16:14,840 --> 00:16:16,880 KATHLEEN: It looks like a woman. 276 00:16:16,880 --> 00:16:20,280 She has beautiful teeth. 277 00:16:20,280 --> 00:16:24,960 Only people which were very rich would take care of themselves, 278 00:16:24,960 --> 00:16:27,320 and they had beautiful teeth. 279 00:16:30,240 --> 00:16:32,840 NARRATOR: Wealthy burials strengthened Kathleen'’s case 280 00:16:32,840 --> 00:16:35,240 that the site could hide royalty, 281 00:16:35,240 --> 00:16:38,480 and they date to the end of the Ptolemaic period: 282 00:16:38,480 --> 00:16:41,240 Cleopatra'’s dynasty. 283 00:16:41,240 --> 00:16:45,080 LINDA: Sometimes I wonder, did these people meet her? 284 00:16:45,080 --> 00:16:46,720 Were they friends? 285 00:16:46,720 --> 00:16:50,280 If these people are from the time of Queen Cleopatra, 286 00:16:50,280 --> 00:16:54,920 that'’s a very important discovery for us. 287 00:16:54,920 --> 00:16:57,800 NARRATOR: Kathleen has built up six seasons'’ worth 288 00:16:57,800 --> 00:17:01,640 of precious human remains backing up her hunch. 289 00:17:01,640 --> 00:17:05,480 But too long underwater, and her evidence will fall apart. 290 00:17:10,080 --> 00:17:12,200 In the center of Alexandria, 291 00:17:12,200 --> 00:17:14,680 Calliope has been holding back floodwaters 292 00:17:14,680 --> 00:17:17,640 for more than a decade. 293 00:17:17,640 --> 00:17:19,120 CALLIOPE: If we stop pumping, 294 00:17:19,120 --> 00:17:23,800 this area is like a lake, becomes a swimming pool. 295 00:17:23,800 --> 00:17:26,680 NARRATOR: She'’s searching for the royal quarter of the city 296 00:17:26,680 --> 00:17:30,200 and clues to Cleopatra'’s life. 297 00:17:30,200 --> 00:17:33,880 Exactly where she discovered Alexander the Great'’s statue, 298 00:17:33,880 --> 00:17:37,960 her team uncovers a further tantalizing clue. 299 00:17:37,960 --> 00:17:40,400 CALLIOPE: Amazing. 300 00:17:40,400 --> 00:17:42,000 You recognize this? 301 00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:44,400 [laughs] 302 00:17:44,400 --> 00:17:46,840 The right hand holds a weapon; 303 00:17:46,840 --> 00:17:49,920 helmet and weapon means a warrior. 304 00:17:49,920 --> 00:17:55,480 This is the third head of Alexander we find. 305 00:17:55,480 --> 00:17:57,560 NARRATOR: Alexander the Great was revered 306 00:17:57,560 --> 00:18:02,760 right up to Cleopatra'’s time, almost 300 years later. 307 00:18:02,760 --> 00:18:05,160 The royal quarter would have been filled with artworks 308 00:18:05,160 --> 00:18:09,400 and monuments to the city'’s founding hero. 309 00:18:09,400 --> 00:18:11,000 MAN: Go ahead, one meter. 310 00:18:11,000 --> 00:18:13,440 NARRATOR: But Calliope also uncovers evidence 311 00:18:13,440 --> 00:18:15,960 at a much greater scale. 312 00:18:15,960 --> 00:18:17,840 CALLIOPE: Look how big it is, 313 00:18:17,840 --> 00:18:19,760 and we have not arrived to the end. 314 00:18:19,760 --> 00:18:23,800 So, I believe this is the external wall of this building. 315 00:18:23,800 --> 00:18:26,560 NARRATOR: The foundations of the newly unearthed building 316 00:18:26,560 --> 00:18:29,480 are laid on bedrock. 317 00:18:29,480 --> 00:18:31,720 It means Calliope can date the structure 318 00:18:31,720 --> 00:18:36,360 right back to the founding of the city. 319 00:18:36,360 --> 00:18:38,200 The building'’s sheer size 320 00:18:38,200 --> 00:18:42,840 means it can'’t be a workshop or ordinary dwelling. 321 00:18:42,840 --> 00:18:46,120 CALLIOPE: We have an enormous building 322 00:18:46,120 --> 00:18:50,520 that possibly was one of the famous public buildings 323 00:18:50,520 --> 00:18:55,680 of the royal quarter of Ptolemaic Alexandria. 324 00:18:55,680 --> 00:18:56,840 NARRATOR: It'’s evidence she'’s digging 325 00:18:56,840 --> 00:18:58,840 in the right part of town. 326 00:19:01,920 --> 00:19:07,800 In 365 AD, a huge earthquake hit ancient Alexandria 327 00:19:07,800 --> 00:19:10,480 and leveled most of its buildings. 328 00:19:13,040 --> 00:19:15,080 As people rebuilt the city, 329 00:19:15,080 --> 00:19:20,800 all traces of Cleopatra'’s royal quarter disappeared. 330 00:19:20,800 --> 00:19:22,920 But the geographer Strabo had written 331 00:19:22,920 --> 00:19:24,800 a detailed first-hand account 332 00:19:24,800 --> 00:19:29,360 of Alexandria'’s original layout before the quake. 333 00:19:29,360 --> 00:19:33,160 Strabo states that Cleopatra'’s palaces and temples 334 00:19:33,160 --> 00:19:36,600 were all gathered around Alexandria'’s main crossroads. 335 00:19:41,040 --> 00:19:44,760 Calliope believes the ancient layouts Strabo described 336 00:19:44,760 --> 00:19:48,400 is the basis for the modern city plan. 337 00:19:48,400 --> 00:19:51,320 If so, the foundations she has discovered 338 00:19:51,320 --> 00:19:54,560 are in the right place. 339 00:19:54,560 --> 00:19:58,280 CALLIOPE: We are very close to the main street 340 00:19:58,280 --> 00:20:00,880 of modern Alexandria. 341 00:20:00,880 --> 00:20:05,560 This is a good sign, because the monuments, the buildings, 342 00:20:05,560 --> 00:20:10,360 the royal cemetery, supposed to be around here. 343 00:20:10,360 --> 00:20:11,840 NARRATOR: But she needs to find evidence 344 00:20:11,840 --> 00:20:14,680 of the ancient crossroads, 345 00:20:14,680 --> 00:20:16,200 if she'’s to pin down 346 00:20:16,200 --> 00:20:18,640 Cleopatra'’s palaces and temples. 347 00:20:22,680 --> 00:20:25,320 It'’s the final few days of the field season 348 00:20:25,320 --> 00:20:28,480 at Taposiris Magna. 349 00:20:28,480 --> 00:20:30,480 Kathleen is running out of time 350 00:20:30,480 --> 00:20:33,600 to find a route to the cavity beneath the temple 351 00:20:33,600 --> 00:20:37,080 that she hopes is Cleopatra'’s tomb. 352 00:20:37,080 --> 00:20:38,800 But news has come in 353 00:20:38,800 --> 00:20:42,640 from the team working on access to the tunnels. 354 00:20:42,640 --> 00:20:44,080 KATHLEEN: They told me the ladder arrived, 355 00:20:44,080 --> 00:20:46,040 and I'’m going to look in the shaft now 356 00:20:46,040 --> 00:20:49,040 to see if it'’s possible to go down. 357 00:20:49,040 --> 00:20:50,960 NARRATOR: Lashed together with some rope, 358 00:20:50,960 --> 00:20:54,600 she decides the ladder system should hold. 359 00:20:54,600 --> 00:20:58,920 But the greater risk may await in the shaft itself. 360 00:20:58,920 --> 00:21:01,680 KATHLEEN: I have a very shaky ladder, 361 00:21:01,680 --> 00:21:07,560 and down in the shaft, it'’s full of snakes. 362 00:21:07,560 --> 00:21:10,680 This is the situation I have right now. 363 00:21:10,680 --> 00:21:13,320 NARRATOR: Kathleen hopes bags of Bedouin herbs 364 00:21:13,320 --> 00:21:16,000 will ward off the venomous reptiles. 365 00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:18,760 But all this preparation might still be in vain 366 00:21:18,760 --> 00:21:20,360 if her team'’s suggestions 367 00:21:20,360 --> 00:21:23,640 of chest-high floodwaters are true. 368 00:21:23,640 --> 00:21:26,400 KATHLEEN: The water is more than one meter, 369 00:21:26,400 --> 00:21:30,120 and so they think it will cover me completely. 370 00:21:30,120 --> 00:21:32,640 I have to go down and see anyway. 371 00:21:38,040 --> 00:21:40,440 NARRATOR: Kathleen'’s high-risk game of snakes and ladders 372 00:21:40,440 --> 00:21:42,440 is finally underway. 373 00:21:42,440 --> 00:21:43,760 KATHLEEN: Oh. 374 00:21:43,760 --> 00:21:45,440 NARRATOR: This could be the shaft 375 00:21:45,440 --> 00:21:48,760 that leads her to Cleopatra'’s tomb. 376 00:21:48,760 --> 00:21:51,920 Her tallest worker, Saber, is already down, 377 00:21:51,920 --> 00:21:53,600 testing the floodwaters 378 00:21:53,600 --> 00:21:56,800 and hanging the Bedouin anti-snake herbs. 379 00:21:59,240 --> 00:22:02,080 But he returns with an entirely unexpected problem. 380 00:22:08,160 --> 00:22:10,320 KATHLEEN: Huh? A mouse? SABER: Yeah. 381 00:22:21,080 --> 00:22:23,560 NARRATOR: The rotting rodents are unpleasant, 382 00:22:23,560 --> 00:22:27,200 but the unusually deep water is dangerous. 383 00:22:27,200 --> 00:22:29,920 One slip in the darkness could be fatal. 384 00:22:32,440 --> 00:22:34,720 NARRATOR: Until the floodwater subsides, 385 00:22:34,720 --> 00:22:38,160 Kathleen won'’t be able to follow the passage. 386 00:22:38,160 --> 00:22:41,400 KATHLEEN: I could not stand up even in the tunnel. 387 00:22:41,400 --> 00:22:47,600 The rats that live there die, and they are decomposing. 388 00:22:47,600 --> 00:22:50,280 It smells horrible. 389 00:22:50,280 --> 00:22:52,040 NARRATOR: There'’s no way the tunnel will dry out 390 00:22:52,040 --> 00:22:55,200 before Kathleen has to close the site. 391 00:22:55,200 --> 00:22:56,880 KATHLEEN: That'’s it for the tunnel this year, 392 00:22:56,880 --> 00:23:00,680 there'’s nothing else we can do. 393 00:23:00,680 --> 00:23:02,760 NARRATOR: With the underground route flooded, 394 00:23:02,760 --> 00:23:06,320 Kathleen needs to find another way to the underground void 395 00:23:06,320 --> 00:23:08,800 she hopes holds Cleopatra. 396 00:23:11,640 --> 00:23:14,960 In the city of Alexandria'’s Shallalat Gardens, 397 00:23:14,960 --> 00:23:18,040 Calliope has dug down 30 feet 398 00:23:18,040 --> 00:23:22,040 in the hunt for Cleopatra'’s royal quarter. 399 00:23:22,040 --> 00:23:24,120 CALLIOPE: If we find the crossroads, 400 00:23:24,120 --> 00:23:28,160 it will make us become closer to the location 401 00:23:28,160 --> 00:23:31,760 of the burial place of the Ptolemies. 402 00:23:31,760 --> 00:23:34,400 NARRATOR: But she faces a problem. 403 00:23:34,400 --> 00:23:36,080 CALLIOPE: The death of Cleopatra 404 00:23:36,080 --> 00:23:38,840 is the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty, 405 00:23:38,840 --> 00:23:44,360 and also it'’s the end of a whole era, historical era. 406 00:23:44,360 --> 00:23:49,840 Romans come after that, and things change in Alexandria. 407 00:23:49,840 --> 00:23:54,360 NARRATOR: The conquering Romans built over Cleopatra'’s capital. 408 00:23:54,360 --> 00:23:56,760 20 feet down, Calliope discovers 409 00:23:56,760 --> 00:24:01,800 what seems to be a highway running across her dig. 410 00:24:01,800 --> 00:24:04,560 CALLIOPE: So, these black stones are not just stones, 411 00:24:04,560 --> 00:24:06,520 they'’re precious stones, 412 00:24:06,520 --> 00:24:10,840 and when we see black stones, we know we have a Roman road. 413 00:24:10,840 --> 00:24:13,200 NARRATOR: The Romans may have leveled the city, 414 00:24:13,200 --> 00:24:15,360 but Calliope believes their engineering 415 00:24:15,360 --> 00:24:17,640 could be a blessing in disguise. 416 00:24:17,640 --> 00:24:21,880 CALLIOPE: Most of the Roman streets we find in Alexandria 417 00:24:21,880 --> 00:24:25,760 have earlier Ptolemaic streets underneath. 418 00:24:29,360 --> 00:24:32,160 NARRATOR: Calliope thinks the Roman road network 419 00:24:32,160 --> 00:24:34,760 mirrors the road layout of ancient Alexandria 420 00:24:34,760 --> 00:24:36,720 at the time of Cleopatra. 421 00:24:40,360 --> 00:24:44,480 Calliope'’s plan is to excavate her small Roman road 422 00:24:44,480 --> 00:24:47,560 until she finds the main road that cuts across it, 423 00:24:47,560 --> 00:24:50,600 which might then lead her to the ancient city center 424 00:24:50,600 --> 00:24:53,720 where Cleopatra'’s royal quarter once stood. 425 00:24:56,080 --> 00:24:59,160 CALLIOPE: We are in the right location. 426 00:24:59,160 --> 00:25:02,000 We are near the crossroad, 427 00:25:02,000 --> 00:25:07,600 but, for sure, there is a lot of work to be done. 428 00:25:07,600 --> 00:25:09,320 NARRATOR: The trouble is 429 00:25:09,320 --> 00:25:12,120 there is still 2,000 years'’ worth of debris 430 00:25:12,120 --> 00:25:16,080 between Calliope and the ancient road network, 431 00:25:16,080 --> 00:25:19,000 and her route to Cleopatra'’s royal quarter. 432 00:25:21,760 --> 00:25:23,560 At Dra Abu el-Naga, 433 00:25:23,560 --> 00:25:28,160 near the mouth of Luxor'’s the Valley of the Kings, 434 00:25:28,160 --> 00:25:33,240 Bahaa'’s team is searching for the pharaoh Amenhotep I. 435 00:25:33,240 --> 00:25:38,120 They'’ve discovered a grave marker and coffin fragments. 436 00:25:38,120 --> 00:25:41,240 This could be a collapsed tomb. 437 00:25:41,240 --> 00:25:44,320 AHMED EL-TAAYEB: Call to the director, the chief. 438 00:25:44,320 --> 00:25:47,440 [yells] 439 00:25:47,440 --> 00:25:49,440 BAHAA: They are calling us. 440 00:25:49,440 --> 00:25:51,960 NARRATOR: A flash of color in the dry desert sand 441 00:25:51,960 --> 00:25:56,320 could confirm this as a burial place. 442 00:25:56,320 --> 00:25:58,120 BAHAA: It'’s good news, oh, wow. 443 00:26:10,800 --> 00:26:12,560 NARRATOR: The faces on male coffins 444 00:26:12,560 --> 00:26:15,320 nearly always had facial hair. 445 00:26:15,320 --> 00:26:19,360 This casket almost certainly belongs to a woman. 446 00:26:19,360 --> 00:26:23,360 BAHAA: Look at the eyes, it seems it'’s still alive. 447 00:26:23,360 --> 00:26:25,400 NARRATOR: This is Bahaa'’s first opportunity 448 00:26:25,400 --> 00:26:29,280 to pin a date on the tomb. 449 00:26:29,280 --> 00:26:31,360 BAHAA: The stone that we found this morning, 450 00:26:31,360 --> 00:26:34,880 and then we found the face, the wooden face. 451 00:26:34,880 --> 00:26:36,520 MOHAMED: Wonderful work. 452 00:26:36,520 --> 00:26:40,480 BAHAA: This is the style of the late Egyptian period. 453 00:26:40,480 --> 00:26:42,320 NARRATOR: The find dates to hundreds of years 454 00:26:42,320 --> 00:26:45,520 after Amenhotep. 455 00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:49,480 Their discovery proves this was a cemetery then. 456 00:26:49,480 --> 00:26:52,880 Now Bahaa is on the hunt for proof it was a burial ground 457 00:26:52,880 --> 00:26:56,320 in the time of the pharaoh himself. 458 00:26:56,320 --> 00:26:59,400 BAHAA: When you find some stuff like that, 459 00:26:59,400 --> 00:27:06,360 it'’s a sign that you are going to find something! 460 00:27:06,360 --> 00:27:10,640 So we are very close to an amazing tomb. 461 00:27:14,720 --> 00:27:16,920 NARRATOR: At the northern Egyptian temple 462 00:27:16,920 --> 00:27:19,160 of Taposiris Magna, 463 00:27:19,160 --> 00:27:22,440 Kathleen needs every piece of evidence the site can provide 464 00:27:22,440 --> 00:27:24,160 to back up her theory 465 00:27:24,160 --> 00:27:27,680 that this is the last resting place of Cleopatra. 466 00:27:27,680 --> 00:27:30,480 The human remains she'’s unearthed this season 467 00:27:30,480 --> 00:27:33,120 provide crucial data, 468 00:27:33,120 --> 00:27:35,640 but the catastrophic flood in the storage tomb 469 00:27:35,640 --> 00:27:38,360 threatens her dream. 470 00:27:38,360 --> 00:27:41,120 KATHLEEN: In that tomb, in one niche, 471 00:27:41,120 --> 00:27:45,400 we have 10 human remains, we have so much. 472 00:27:45,400 --> 00:27:50,080 LINDA: We are trying to dry them with a hair dryer. 473 00:27:50,080 --> 00:27:51,840 Better than to leave them in the sun, 474 00:27:51,840 --> 00:27:54,360 the sun has very bad effect on bones. 475 00:27:54,360 --> 00:27:56,840 And it'’s working, so. 476 00:27:56,840 --> 00:27:59,040 NARRATOR: Linda now has the thankless task 477 00:27:59,040 --> 00:28:02,400 of assessing the damage and sorting the remains 478 00:28:02,400 --> 00:28:04,720 for the second time. 479 00:28:04,720 --> 00:28:07,480 LINDA: This one, part of a mandible. 480 00:28:07,480 --> 00:28:09,480 This is part of the foot. 481 00:28:09,480 --> 00:28:11,480 This is part of the pelvis. 482 00:28:11,480 --> 00:28:14,240 Vertebras. 483 00:28:14,240 --> 00:28:15,960 NARRATOR: With some gentle blow drying, 484 00:28:15,960 --> 00:28:19,280 the bones will survive their immersion. 485 00:28:19,280 --> 00:28:23,120 It'’s a much-needed boost for Kathleen. 486 00:28:23,120 --> 00:28:27,320 KATHLEEN: The thing that keeps me very optimistic 487 00:28:27,320 --> 00:28:30,600 is that these human remains 488 00:28:30,600 --> 00:28:33,000 are from the time of Queen Cleopatra, 489 00:28:33,000 --> 00:28:36,520 and this keeps my theory together. 490 00:28:40,040 --> 00:28:42,680 NARRATOR: With just one day left of the field season, 491 00:28:42,680 --> 00:28:46,080 it'’s now too late to excavate the void beneath the temple. 492 00:28:48,240 --> 00:28:49,800 So Kathleen brings forward 493 00:28:49,800 --> 00:28:53,560 plans to use an experimental technology. 494 00:28:53,560 --> 00:28:55,240 KATHLEEN: We'’re going to start from here. 495 00:28:55,240 --> 00:28:57,480 NARRATOR: And prove the cavity is a tomb, 496 00:28:57,480 --> 00:28:59,400 without even breaking ground. 497 00:29:02,760 --> 00:29:07,080 In the city center of nearby Alexandria, 498 00:29:07,080 --> 00:29:10,640 Calliope is working on a new area of excavation, 499 00:29:10,640 --> 00:29:14,200 in line with the Roman street. 500 00:29:14,200 --> 00:29:15,800 She'’s following the road 501 00:29:15,800 --> 00:29:17,640 towards Cleopatra'’s royal quarter 502 00:29:17,640 --> 00:29:20,080 and the tombs of the queen'’s ancestors. 503 00:29:23,680 --> 00:29:25,480 But with the ancient structures hidden 504 00:29:25,480 --> 00:29:30,320 below 30 feet of mud and stone, it'’s heavy work. 505 00:29:30,320 --> 00:29:32,880 CALLIOPE: We have arrived one meter and a half 506 00:29:32,880 --> 00:29:35,320 from the surface of the ground. 507 00:29:35,320 --> 00:29:37,040 We are still very high, 508 00:29:37,040 --> 00:29:40,880 our target is maybe another eight meters. 509 00:29:40,880 --> 00:29:43,600 NARRATOR: 2,000 years of destruction and rebuilding 510 00:29:43,600 --> 00:29:47,400 have jumbled the archaeological record. 511 00:29:47,400 --> 00:29:49,200 Any of these stones could have been 512 00:29:49,200 --> 00:29:53,160 part of Cleopatra'’s palace or temples. 513 00:29:53,160 --> 00:29:57,600 The team must document every single one. 514 00:29:57,600 --> 00:30:00,200 CALLIOPE: We go slowly, slowly, 515 00:30:00,200 --> 00:30:04,680 and we hope the result will award us. 516 00:30:04,680 --> 00:30:07,160 Be careful if it'’s black. 517 00:30:07,160 --> 00:30:09,480 Give me the brush. 518 00:30:09,480 --> 00:30:13,360 All these quantity of big stones is debris, 519 00:30:13,360 --> 00:30:18,320 but the fact that we find black stones among them 520 00:30:18,320 --> 00:30:21,440 is a very good sign. 521 00:30:21,440 --> 00:30:23,360 NARRATOR: The rock'’s color and texture show 522 00:30:23,360 --> 00:30:26,800 it'’s not from the local area. 523 00:30:26,800 --> 00:30:32,360 It could be the black stone the Romans used for their roads. 524 00:30:32,360 --> 00:30:35,840 If this proves to be a continuation of the Roman road, 525 00:30:35,840 --> 00:30:39,520 it could lead her to the ancient royal quarter, 526 00:30:39,520 --> 00:30:44,000 the epicenter of power in Cleopatra'’s Egypt. 527 00:30:44,000 --> 00:30:46,920 ♪ 528 00:30:49,880 --> 00:30:51,560 ♪ 529 00:30:51,560 --> 00:30:53,360 Just over a mile 530 00:30:53,360 --> 00:30:56,640 from the famous tombs of the Valley of the Kings, 531 00:30:56,640 --> 00:30:59,880 Bahaa'’s hunt for the pharaoh Amenhotep I 532 00:30:59,880 --> 00:31:05,360 at Dra Abu el-Naga is producing tantalizing clues. 533 00:31:05,360 --> 00:31:08,080 But he needs to determine whether the necropolis 534 00:31:08,080 --> 00:31:12,440 was already in use by the time Amenhotep'’s reign began, 535 00:31:12,440 --> 00:31:17,400 at the start of Egypt'’s 18th dynasty of pharaohs. 536 00:31:17,400 --> 00:31:19,240 Further down the mountain, 537 00:31:19,240 --> 00:31:22,440 the team'’s foreman reports a cluster of intact pots 538 00:31:22,440 --> 00:31:25,640 emerging from the sand. 539 00:31:25,640 --> 00:31:30,360 For ceramic specialist Mohamed, it'’s an exciting prospect. 540 00:31:30,360 --> 00:31:32,200 It'’s a clue that could date the site 541 00:31:32,200 --> 00:31:34,920 to a time before Amenhotep I. 542 00:31:49,160 --> 00:31:50,880 NARRATOR: The pot suggests that 543 00:31:50,880 --> 00:31:53,840 by the time of Amenhotep'’s 18th dynasty, 544 00:31:53,840 --> 00:31:57,960 people already came here to commemorate the dead. 545 00:31:57,960 --> 00:31:59,800 [cow moos] 546 00:31:59,800 --> 00:32:01,880 Each year after the harvest, 547 00:32:01,880 --> 00:32:04,880 the people of Thebes held a celebration of the dead 548 00:32:04,880 --> 00:32:09,360 called the Beautiful Festival of the Valley. 549 00:32:09,360 --> 00:32:12,240 They carried statues of Thebes'’ three main gods 550 00:32:12,240 --> 00:32:14,800 in a grand procession out of Karnak Temple 551 00:32:14,800 --> 00:32:16,720 east of the river. 552 00:32:18,960 --> 00:32:21,840 They crossed the Nile on ceremonial boats, 553 00:32:21,840 --> 00:32:24,320 following the sun'’s journey from the east bank, 554 00:32:24,320 --> 00:32:25,880 the land of the living, 555 00:32:25,880 --> 00:32:30,320 to the west, the land of the dead. 556 00:32:30,320 --> 00:32:32,840 The procession ended at the tombs and temples 557 00:32:32,840 --> 00:32:36,280 on the west bank, where people had laid offerings, 558 00:32:36,280 --> 00:32:39,520 including pots of food, at the graves of the deceased. 559 00:32:44,680 --> 00:32:50,040 The ritual ensured the dead had provisions for eternity. 560 00:32:50,040 --> 00:32:53,280 These pots mean a tomb should be very close. 561 00:33:23,840 --> 00:33:25,800 NARRATOR: The roughly carved casket 562 00:33:25,800 --> 00:33:29,520 appears to be buried in a miniature tomb. 563 00:33:29,520 --> 00:33:31,720 This is clearly no king, 564 00:33:31,720 --> 00:33:34,440 but it'’s a vital clue that he might be near. 565 00:33:47,280 --> 00:33:51,240 NARRATOR: If the burial does predate Amenhotep I, 566 00:33:51,240 --> 00:33:55,880 it proves Dra Abu el-Naga was a cemetery by the time he died. 567 00:33:55,880 --> 00:33:58,400 So he could be buried here. 568 00:33:58,400 --> 00:33:59,960 But there'’s no way to tell 569 00:33:59,960 --> 00:34:03,240 until this coffin is out of the ground. 570 00:34:07,920 --> 00:34:09,920 NARRATOR: Mohamed and Ahmed have mobilized 571 00:34:09,920 --> 00:34:13,960 a whole team of workers to excavate the coffin. 572 00:34:13,960 --> 00:34:15,800 It'’s their best lead yet 573 00:34:15,800 --> 00:34:20,040 in the hunt for the missing pharaoh, Amenhotep I. 574 00:34:20,040 --> 00:34:23,920 MOHAMED: Now we have a coffin, for a child, from one piece. 575 00:34:23,920 --> 00:34:25,640 AHMED: One tree. 576 00:34:25,640 --> 00:34:28,240 MOHAMED: And it'’s a sycamore tree. 577 00:34:28,240 --> 00:34:31,080 [speaking native language] 578 00:34:31,080 --> 00:34:34,040 NARRATOR: A single dug-out trunk is a key clue 579 00:34:34,040 --> 00:34:37,640 that this burial predates Amenhotep'’s reign; 580 00:34:37,640 --> 00:34:39,440 a boost to their hopes 581 00:34:39,440 --> 00:34:42,800 that the pharaoh was buried in this cemetery. 582 00:34:42,800 --> 00:34:47,280 But the proof will lie inside the coffin. 583 00:34:47,280 --> 00:34:50,160 It looks like the coffin of a tiny infant, 584 00:34:50,160 --> 00:34:51,920 but mummies of the time 585 00:34:51,920 --> 00:34:55,240 were often stuffed into ill-fitting tree trunks, 586 00:34:55,240 --> 00:34:58,280 not stretched out comfortably like later mummies. 587 00:35:08,000 --> 00:35:09,840 NARRATOR: Opening a coffin that has been closed 588 00:35:09,840 --> 00:35:14,080 for thousands of years is a delicate operation. 589 00:35:14,080 --> 00:35:17,720 Any wrong move and they could damage the body inside. 590 00:35:38,280 --> 00:35:41,600 MAN: Slowly. Ease. 591 00:35:41,600 --> 00:35:42,640 Yes. 592 00:35:57,680 --> 00:36:00,440 NARRATOR: This is evidence that the necropolis was in use 593 00:36:00,440 --> 00:36:03,080 by the time Amenhotep I died. 594 00:36:18,240 --> 00:36:22,840 NARRATOR: The hunt for royalty at Dra Abu el-Naga goes on. 595 00:36:22,840 --> 00:36:25,720 But Bahaa and his team have confirmed 596 00:36:25,720 --> 00:36:28,040 the cemetery'’s great age. 597 00:36:28,040 --> 00:36:30,040 They'’re inching ever closer 598 00:36:30,040 --> 00:36:33,000 to their goal of finding the missing king. 599 00:36:33,000 --> 00:36:35,520 ♪ 600 00:36:38,120 --> 00:36:40,960 At the temple complex of Taposiris Magna, 601 00:36:40,960 --> 00:36:44,680 it'’s the last day of the field season. 602 00:36:44,680 --> 00:36:46,360 Kathleen is in a race to show 603 00:36:46,360 --> 00:36:49,720 the cavity beneath her feet is a tomb. 604 00:36:49,720 --> 00:36:52,160 If she can, it will help persuade 605 00:36:52,160 --> 00:36:55,880 the Ministry of Antiquities to allow her to dig for Cleopatra. 606 00:36:55,880 --> 00:36:58,080 MOHAMED GAMAL: Can you start from here? 607 00:36:58,080 --> 00:37:01,040 NARRATOR: She'’s thrown caution to the wind and put her faith 608 00:37:01,040 --> 00:37:05,320 in a promising but experimental technology. 609 00:37:05,320 --> 00:37:09,320 Mohamed Gamal sounds out hidden cavities in the rock 610 00:37:09,320 --> 00:37:12,120 with a network of geophones. 611 00:37:12,120 --> 00:37:16,000 KATHLEEN: I want to check all these rooms. 612 00:37:16,000 --> 00:37:19,000 MOHAMED: I'’m very excited to see are we going to be able 613 00:37:19,000 --> 00:37:22,760 to succeed to see what'’s hidden from us or not. 614 00:37:22,760 --> 00:37:24,760 This is a challenge to us. 615 00:37:24,760 --> 00:37:28,000 NARRATOR: The technique relies on acoustic imaging. 616 00:37:28,000 --> 00:37:31,040 Mohamed'’s ultra-sensitive equipment records sound 617 00:37:31,040 --> 00:37:35,160 caused by micro-tremors in the earth'’s crust. 618 00:37:35,160 --> 00:37:38,960 He can analyze the signal to create a subterranean map, 619 00:37:38,960 --> 00:37:43,440 including every crack in the rock, every void, 620 00:37:43,440 --> 00:37:46,760 or any tomb that might conceal a lost pharaoh 621 00:37:46,760 --> 00:37:49,920 or a hiding queen. 622 00:37:49,920 --> 00:37:52,240 But with the team deep into their work, 623 00:37:52,240 --> 00:37:55,360 Kathleen spots a problem. 624 00:37:55,360 --> 00:38:00,200 The scan has begun, but she has no way of mapping the results. 625 00:38:00,200 --> 00:38:02,120 KATHLEEN: Whenever they are doing the profile, 626 00:38:02,120 --> 00:38:05,080 I need the beginning and the end. 627 00:38:05,080 --> 00:38:06,800 I need to know where are we doing the profile. 628 00:38:06,800 --> 00:38:08,800 If not, it'’s not gonna work for me. 629 00:38:08,800 --> 00:38:10,520 They were not putting any marks. 630 00:38:10,520 --> 00:38:12,800 MOHAMED: Let them do it, let them do it. 631 00:38:15,120 --> 00:38:17,440 NARRATOR: If she'’s to prove to the Egyptian authorities 632 00:38:17,440 --> 00:38:20,360 that it'’s worth damaging the ancient structure, 633 00:38:20,360 --> 00:38:25,240 she needs to know exactly where the geophones are placed. 634 00:38:25,240 --> 00:38:29,360 She needs to know where to dig down to the nearest inch. 635 00:38:29,360 --> 00:38:32,320 KATHLEEN: This is the only day I have, 636 00:38:32,320 --> 00:38:34,240 it'’s the last day of the season, 637 00:38:34,240 --> 00:38:37,240 and we lost a couple of hours. 638 00:38:41,640 --> 00:38:43,960 NARRATOR: Kathleen is within touching distance 639 00:38:43,960 --> 00:38:45,600 of a discovery that could eclipse 640 00:38:45,600 --> 00:38:47,880 even that of Tutankhamun. 641 00:38:50,160 --> 00:38:53,080 But it will be some time before Mohamed has fully mapped 642 00:38:53,080 --> 00:38:55,680 the temple'’s underground labyrinth. 643 00:38:58,200 --> 00:39:01,000 She faces an anxious wait for the survey results. 644 00:39:10,080 --> 00:39:12,720 NARRATOR: In Alexandria'’s Shallalat Gardens, 645 00:39:12,720 --> 00:39:15,360 Calliope'’s team has discovered 646 00:39:15,360 --> 00:39:19,400 a black stone in a newly opened excavation. 647 00:39:19,400 --> 00:39:21,440 It could be the clue that points her in the direction 648 00:39:21,440 --> 00:39:24,800 of Cleopatra'’s royal quarter. 649 00:39:24,800 --> 00:39:28,000 CALLIOPE: Let'’s start removing the debris. 650 00:39:28,000 --> 00:39:29,760 NARRATOR: To get there, she needs to find 651 00:39:29,760 --> 00:39:33,920 the main crossroads of ancient Alexandria. 652 00:39:33,920 --> 00:39:36,280 BILAL: This is three pieces, this one. 653 00:39:36,280 --> 00:39:37,800 CALLIOPE: It'’s black, yes. 654 00:39:37,800 --> 00:39:40,960 And what about this one? 655 00:39:40,960 --> 00:39:46,000 We have four black stones here, so maybe we are in 656 00:39:46,000 --> 00:39:51,000 a part of the continuation of the Roman street. 657 00:39:51,000 --> 00:39:53,880 NARRATOR: The stones are covered in a layer 658 00:39:53,880 --> 00:39:58,160 of white mineral after centuries buried in the soil. 659 00:39:58,160 --> 00:40:02,800 But they were once smooth, dark Roman street cobbles. 660 00:40:02,800 --> 00:40:08,280 CALLIOPE: Also, Bilal, this way, clean also this way. Yes. 661 00:40:08,280 --> 00:40:12,640 We found another one, so I don'’t believe it is random. 662 00:40:15,560 --> 00:40:18,840 You don'’t understand how a person can be happy, 663 00:40:18,840 --> 00:40:22,960 finding just a black stone; this is archaeology. 664 00:40:22,960 --> 00:40:26,080 NARRATOR: As the workers haul the stones out of the ground, 665 00:40:26,080 --> 00:40:30,120 Calliope spots a potentially crucial clue. 666 00:40:30,120 --> 00:40:31,640 They'’re much larger than the cobbles 667 00:40:31,640 --> 00:40:34,760 on the Roman road she'’s following. 668 00:40:34,760 --> 00:40:37,280 CALLIOPE: These black stones are very big, 669 00:40:37,280 --> 00:40:41,800 so maybe they belong to the big street, not to this one. 670 00:40:41,800 --> 00:40:46,840 I'’m very excited by the fact that these stones could belong 671 00:40:46,840 --> 00:40:50,080 to the main latitudinal street of Alexandria. 672 00:40:50,080 --> 00:40:54,520 And this will be great, because this is our goal. 673 00:40:57,560 --> 00:40:59,720 NARRATOR: If this is really one of Alexandria'’s 674 00:40:59,720 --> 00:41:02,320 two Roman main highways, 675 00:41:02,320 --> 00:41:04,360 Calliope just needs to trace it 676 00:41:04,360 --> 00:41:06,400 to where it meets the other one. 677 00:41:06,400 --> 00:41:08,160 And she will find the crossroads 678 00:41:08,160 --> 00:41:10,760 where the ancient royal quarter once stood. 679 00:41:13,960 --> 00:41:16,200 Calliope will have to wait for next season 680 00:41:16,200 --> 00:41:19,120 to open another excavation. 681 00:41:19,120 --> 00:41:22,360 CALLIOPE: And this is black, too. 682 00:41:22,360 --> 00:41:24,800 NARRATOR: But for now, she'’s one more step 683 00:41:24,800 --> 00:41:28,240 along the road to Cleopatra'’s royal home. 684 00:41:28,240 --> 00:41:31,560 CALLIOPE: It'’s a stone, but it'’s not just a stone. 685 00:41:31,560 --> 00:41:33,920 Everything has a meaning. 686 00:41:33,920 --> 00:41:37,280 I think this is the beauty of archaeology. 687 00:41:37,280 --> 00:41:42,520 ♪ 688 00:41:42,520 --> 00:41:45,600 NARRATOR: At his laboratory in Cairo, 689 00:41:45,600 --> 00:41:48,240 Mohamed has has finished processing the acoustic survey 690 00:41:48,240 --> 00:41:50,960 of Taposiris Magna. 691 00:41:50,960 --> 00:41:53,560 With the dig season over and the site closed, 692 00:41:53,560 --> 00:41:56,280 Kathleen has returned home. 693 00:41:56,280 --> 00:42:00,360 But the subterranean map of the temple is finally ready. 694 00:42:00,360 --> 00:42:02,480 MOHAMED: Kathleen. 695 00:42:02,480 --> 00:42:03,560 KATHLEEN: Hello! 696 00:42:03,560 --> 00:42:05,480 MOHAMED: How do you do? Hello. 697 00:42:05,480 --> 00:42:07,000 KATHLEEN: How are you? 698 00:42:07,000 --> 00:42:09,800 MOHAMED: Fine, thank you. I have good news for you. 699 00:42:09,800 --> 00:42:11,840 KATHLEEN: Really? MOHAMED: Yes. 700 00:42:11,840 --> 00:42:14,880 KATHLEEN: I'’ve been waiting, I'’m dying to hear from you. 701 00:42:14,880 --> 00:42:16,880 MOHAMED: We found something at Taposiris. 702 00:42:16,880 --> 00:42:18,360 KATHLEEN: Where? 703 00:42:18,360 --> 00:42:20,480 MOHAMED: At the guard room, room number two, 704 00:42:20,480 --> 00:42:23,640 is making like a very big resonance to us. 705 00:42:23,640 --> 00:42:27,840 NARRATOR: Mohamed'’s geophones have confirmed the presence 706 00:42:27,840 --> 00:42:31,480 of a large chamber-sized void beneath the temple. 707 00:42:31,480 --> 00:42:34,000 But there'’s more. 708 00:42:34,000 --> 00:42:36,000 MOHAMED: You can see my finger? 709 00:42:36,000 --> 00:42:38,200 KATHLEEN: Yes. That is the one. 710 00:42:38,200 --> 00:42:41,000 MOHAMED: This is the place which is most promising to us. 711 00:42:41,000 --> 00:42:45,400 It looks like this small place is a hidden entrance. 712 00:42:45,400 --> 00:42:49,320 There is very big resonance, like it'’s a connected place to 713 00:42:49,320 --> 00:42:52,200 under a subsurface room or an entrance 714 00:42:52,200 --> 00:42:54,320 or a corridor or something like this. 715 00:42:54,320 --> 00:42:58,200 KATHLEEN: This is exactly what I'’ve been looking for. 716 00:42:58,200 --> 00:43:00,400 I am thrilled. I am... 717 00:43:00,400 --> 00:43:03,520 This is one of the happiest days of my life. 718 00:43:03,520 --> 00:43:06,800 This is something that I believe, 719 00:43:06,800 --> 00:43:11,280 and now we have this scientific evidence. 720 00:43:11,280 --> 00:43:13,440 Thank you so much. 721 00:43:13,440 --> 00:43:16,880 NARRATOR: Not only does Kathleen have a hidden void, 722 00:43:16,880 --> 00:43:19,440 she has a secret entrance, 723 00:43:19,440 --> 00:43:23,080 and now she knows exactly where to excavate. 724 00:43:23,080 --> 00:43:25,560 MOHAMED: If we found the mummy of Cleopatra, 725 00:43:25,560 --> 00:43:28,280 it would be a great discovery in this century. 726 00:43:28,280 --> 00:43:31,160 KATHLEEN: My heart is beating so hard now. 727 00:43:31,160 --> 00:43:33,040 So strongly. 728 00:43:33,040 --> 00:43:35,960 I don'’t know how I'’m going to control myself 729 00:43:35,960 --> 00:43:38,280 during this month, until I get the permission. 730 00:43:38,280 --> 00:43:41,240 I'’m so excited. 731 00:43:41,240 --> 00:43:43,480 NARRATOR: Cleopatra has bewitched historians 732 00:43:43,480 --> 00:43:45,680 and archaeologists ever since her death 733 00:43:45,680 --> 00:43:49,440 and the Roman conquest of Egypt. 734 00:43:49,440 --> 00:43:53,440 Now the centuries-long hunt for the last pharaoh'’s tomb 735 00:43:53,440 --> 00:43:57,520 may have entered its final stage. 736 00:43:57,520 --> 00:43:59,160 When she gets back on site, 737 00:43:59,160 --> 00:44:02,440 Kathleen could be just a day'’s digging away 738 00:44:02,440 --> 00:44:03,800 from the greatest discovery 739 00:44:03,800 --> 00:44:07,680 since Tutankhamun 100 years ago. 740 00:44:07,680 --> 00:44:09,600 Captioned by Side Door Media Services