1 00:00:05,506 --> 00:00:09,135 During the last few years, we've ventured into a lot of different fields. 2 00:00:09,218 --> 00:00:12,555 We've had the opportunity to meet and work with a lot of wonderful people. 3 00:00:13,181 --> 00:00:15,933 I only hope that we never lose sight of one thing. 4 00:00:16,017 --> 00:00:18,186 That it was all started by a mouse. 5 00:00:22,398 --> 00:00:26,027 ♪ Come along and sing the song And join the jamboree ♪ 6 00:00:26,110 --> 00:00:29,238 ♪ M-I-C-K-E-Y M-O-U-S-E ♪ 7 00:00:34,952 --> 00:00:37,371 [Higginbotham] It's magical to be able to channel 8 00:00:37,455 --> 00:00:39,707 all of your energy at this character… 9 00:00:39,791 --> 00:00:41,125 Mickey! 10 00:00:41,209 --> 00:00:45,421 [Higginbotham] …who we can fill with all of our hopes and dreams 11 00:00:45,505 --> 00:00:48,925 and all of our love and all of the innocence 12 00:00:49,008 --> 00:00:53,888 that we experience and then eventually lose and would like back. 13 00:00:55,098 --> 00:00:56,391 Mickey! 14 00:00:57,433 --> 00:00:59,435 [chuckles] 15 00:00:59,519 --> 00:01:03,731 Hi, Mickey. Hi, Mickey! Mickey! 16 00:01:03,815 --> 00:01:05,817 [no audible dialogue] 17 00:01:24,210 --> 00:01:26,713 [Goldberg] Mickey was everywhere when I was a kid. 18 00:01:26,796 --> 00:01:29,173 He was just, like, part of my DNA. 19 00:01:31,676 --> 00:01:35,680 [fan] He's plastered over every T-shirt, every billboard. 20 00:01:35,763 --> 00:01:38,057 He speaks multiple languages. 21 00:01:38,141 --> 00:01:40,351 -He's everywhere. -Everywhere! [chuckles] 22 00:01:40,435 --> 00:01:42,979 It's overwhelming. Like, leave me alone. 23 00:01:44,021 --> 00:01:45,022 ♪ Who's the lead-- ♪ 24 00:01:45,106 --> 00:01:46,941 Uh, no. Okay, let's do that again. [laughs] 25 00:01:48,192 --> 00:01:50,361 What is it about Mickey Mouse? 26 00:01:51,362 --> 00:01:53,281 He started as this simple character. 27 00:01:54,949 --> 00:01:56,701 But over time, he gets so big 28 00:01:56,784 --> 00:02:01,164 that he becomes this reflection of who we are. 29 00:02:01,789 --> 00:02:02,915 The good and the bad. 30 00:02:07,587 --> 00:02:11,632 How's that even possible with this... [chuckles] ...little mouse? 31 00:02:49,921 --> 00:02:51,130 [shutter clicks] 32 00:02:53,841 --> 00:02:55,468 [Disney] The life and ventures of Mickey Mouse 33 00:02:55,551 --> 00:02:56,761 have been closely bound up 34 00:02:56,844 --> 00:02:59,597 with my own personal and professional life. 35 00:03:04,977 --> 00:03:08,564 He still speaks for me, and I still speak for him. 36 00:03:32,839 --> 00:03:34,173 [sighs] 37 00:03:53,609 --> 00:03:54,902 Stop it. 38 00:03:59,741 --> 00:04:01,492 Wore that one the other day. 39 00:04:02,034 --> 00:04:04,036 Haven't worn that one in a while. 40 00:04:06,873 --> 00:04:12,086 [Goldberg] When I first got to the studio to do the Genie in Aladdin, 41 00:04:12,170 --> 00:04:14,922 I didn't know what to expect with Mickey. 42 00:04:16,883 --> 00:04:19,927 It felt like he was encased in amber, 43 00:04:20,511 --> 00:04:23,347 where they don't want to do anything with him, you know? 44 00:04:25,099 --> 00:04:28,561 Ah. Here we are. The Hat Building. 45 00:04:28,644 --> 00:04:30,646 [birds chirping] 46 00:04:36,360 --> 00:04:38,488 Sometimes people ask, 47 00:04:38,571 --> 00:04:41,741 "Aren't you unhappy that you're not on one of the features right now?" 48 00:04:41,824 --> 00:04:44,577 I said, "I'm getting to animate Mickey Mouse." 49 00:04:44,660 --> 00:04:46,370 [laughs] 50 00:04:48,206 --> 00:04:51,334 Walt used to say, "Don't forget. It was all started by a mouse." 51 00:04:52,210 --> 00:04:55,713 So, no matter what we're capable of doing now, 52 00:04:56,547 --> 00:04:59,717 Mickey takes us back to our origins. 53 00:04:59,801 --> 00:05:01,719 [whistling] 54 00:05:11,479 --> 00:05:17,151 This process of hand-drawn hasn't really changed for a century. 55 00:05:17,944 --> 00:05:23,825 You know, the process of drawing the characters is exactly the same. 56 00:05:25,493 --> 00:05:28,746 But back when the great Mickey cartoons were being made, 57 00:05:28,830 --> 00:05:35,253 the Disney studio had maybe a hundred animators to do Mickey and his pals. 58 00:05:36,421 --> 00:05:39,799 These days, to do a new hand-drawn Mickey project, 59 00:05:39,882 --> 00:05:43,386 like the one we're starting now, we have three. 60 00:05:44,595 --> 00:05:47,390 Me, Mark Henn and Randy Haycock. 61 00:05:47,974 --> 00:05:51,352 Randy did characters like Clayton in Tarzan. 62 00:05:52,520 --> 00:05:54,647 He did a lot of Pocahontas. 63 00:05:54,731 --> 00:05:59,610 And then Mark Henn is really known as the princess guy. 64 00:05:59,694 --> 00:06:01,696 [birds chirping] 65 00:06:01,779 --> 00:06:04,115 And the list is endless. 66 00:06:05,700 --> 00:06:07,285 We've always wanted to do something 67 00:06:07,368 --> 00:06:10,413 where we see all the different Mickeys together. 68 00:06:10,496 --> 00:06:13,875 That's never really been seen in a film before, 69 00:06:13,958 --> 00:06:16,794 so that's what we're doing on this project. 70 00:06:17,420 --> 00:06:20,173 And we're calling it Mickey in a Minute. 71 00:06:20,840 --> 00:06:24,469 Where he's walking down the hallways of Disney Animation, 72 00:06:24,552 --> 00:06:30,558 and he gets sucked into a whirlwind that sends him through his most iconic moments 73 00:06:31,184 --> 00:06:35,605 until, finally, he gets spit out at the end as Steamboat Willie. 74 00:06:36,981 --> 00:06:38,524 It's going to be a lot of work. 75 00:06:38,608 --> 00:06:44,530 I mean, basically we're gonna be making about 1,500 original drawings of Mickey 76 00:06:44,614 --> 00:06:47,784 for about one minute's worth of screen time. 77 00:06:48,284 --> 00:06:49,869 But trust me. 78 00:06:49,952 --> 00:06:51,746 It'll be worth it. You'll see. 79 00:06:54,499 --> 00:07:00,004 And this is Mickey as he was designed by Walt and Ub Iwerks. 80 00:07:02,006 --> 00:07:07,595 Not exactly the Mickey we recognize today, but our kind of proto-Mickey. 81 00:07:08,471 --> 00:07:11,432 And yes, he still had a tail. Whoop. 82 00:07:11,516 --> 00:07:12,558 There we go. 83 00:07:14,727 --> 00:07:17,397 [birds chirping] 84 00:07:17,480 --> 00:07:20,191 [Disney] It was a beautiful farm in Marceline, Missouri. 85 00:07:20,274 --> 00:07:21,692 Forty-eight acres. 86 00:07:22,610 --> 00:07:25,154 My chore was to keep the horse going around the circle 87 00:07:25,238 --> 00:07:29,450 and then part of it would be feeding the cane in the squeezer, you see? 88 00:07:29,534 --> 00:07:32,829 [Malins] Walt lived here in Marceline for five years. 89 00:07:32,912 --> 00:07:34,914 It was a short amount of time. 90 00:07:34,997 --> 00:07:38,459 But those very few years were Walt's childhood. 91 00:07:39,711 --> 00:07:41,754 His family was poor, 92 00:07:41,838 --> 00:07:46,175 and his father Elias was extremely strict. 93 00:07:46,259 --> 00:07:50,346 And so art for Walt was an escape. 94 00:07:55,226 --> 00:08:00,481 Walt would take his drawing materials and go down to a special tree. 95 00:08:01,983 --> 00:08:03,151 His dreaming tree. 96 00:08:05,027 --> 00:08:08,781 [Whitehead] He would spend hours under that tree just laying in the grass. 97 00:08:08,865 --> 00:08:11,451 A thing that Walt called "Belly Botany." 98 00:08:12,368 --> 00:08:17,373 [Malins] I don't know if you've ever laid in tall grass on a farm, 99 00:08:17,457 --> 00:08:20,126 but there's a lot that's happening around you. 100 00:08:21,753 --> 00:08:24,964 [Whitehead] Whatever happened to run or crawl or fly by, 101 00:08:25,048 --> 00:08:26,841 he would quickly try to sketch. 102 00:08:26,924 --> 00:08:28,885 [bees buzzing] 103 00:08:32,889 --> 00:08:37,769 [Malins] His little sister told me Walt would do a series of drawings for her. 104 00:08:37,852 --> 00:08:40,855 And then he would make a really good story up to go along with it. 105 00:08:44,150 --> 00:08:50,156 I can just see those creative juices happening underneath his tree. 106 00:08:53,076 --> 00:08:55,703 It was that happy place. 107 00:08:57,413 --> 00:09:00,541 It was where that spark happened. 108 00:09:11,844 --> 00:09:14,972 -I love it. Yeah, that looks cool. -[artist] It's cool. I like that. 109 00:09:17,892 --> 00:09:21,562 So, like, all the possibilities of what you would want on your arm, 110 00:09:22,188 --> 00:09:23,815 why'd you choose Mickey Mouse? 111 00:09:23,898 --> 00:09:28,361 I feel like blood, sweat and tears was put into Mickey Mouse by Walt. 112 00:09:28,444 --> 00:09:30,655 You know, he was dirt poor. 113 00:09:30,738 --> 00:09:33,491 Dirt poor with, like, a dream. Just like, "Nope, 114 00:09:33,574 --> 00:09:35,284 -I believe in that mouse." -[artist] Right. 115 00:09:35,368 --> 00:09:37,120 [Uhalley] You get a lot of people coming in here 116 00:09:37,203 --> 00:09:38,746 asking about Disney and stuff? 117 00:09:38,830 --> 00:09:40,248 [artist] Yeah, there's a few. 118 00:09:40,331 --> 00:09:41,999 DJ, correct me if I'm wrong. 119 00:09:42,083 --> 00:09:45,044 This was Walt and Roy's studio in the early '20s? 120 00:09:45,128 --> 00:09:47,630 Yeah. This is the place. 121 00:09:49,132 --> 00:09:53,052 I know way too much about the history of this now, you know? 122 00:09:53,136 --> 00:09:57,515 With Walt and his brother starting the Disney Brothers Studio here. 123 00:09:59,642 --> 00:10:02,019 Walt was chilling right here. 124 00:10:02,770 --> 00:10:04,689 Right here. [chuckles] 125 00:10:05,273 --> 00:10:09,902 And now this little, rad dude 126 00:10:09,986 --> 00:10:13,990 is so imprinted in everybody's brains. 127 00:10:14,073 --> 00:10:16,909 Like, we all got a weird, different feeling about him. 128 00:10:18,161 --> 00:10:20,246 [Uhalley] Mickey Mouse, to me, is light. 129 00:10:20,329 --> 00:10:22,415 There's, like, a lot of dark in the world. 130 00:10:22,498 --> 00:10:26,210 Especially nowadays, things do tend to be getting a little bit darker. 131 00:10:26,961 --> 00:10:29,297 And he's just keeping hope in the world. 132 00:10:30,256 --> 00:10:31,799 Yeah! 133 00:10:35,470 --> 00:10:37,263 [Kern] So, this is the very first, officially licensed 134 00:10:37,346 --> 00:10:39,057 Disney book ever published. 135 00:10:39,140 --> 00:10:41,684 Imaginatively titled, "Mickey Mouse Book." 136 00:10:41,768 --> 00:10:44,353 Uh, what you've got in here are games. 137 00:10:44,437 --> 00:10:49,609 Probably the most interesting, though, is the story of how Mickey meets Walt. 138 00:10:49,692 --> 00:10:54,363 Falling from Mouse Fairy Land, crash-landing on Walt's roof. 139 00:10:54,947 --> 00:10:57,325 Like Santa Claus, Mickey hops down the chimney, 140 00:10:57,909 --> 00:10:59,535 and who does he meet in the house? 141 00:10:59,619 --> 00:11:01,370 None other than Walt Disney himself. 142 00:11:03,206 --> 00:11:06,542 [Cline] Walt loved to tell tall tales of the story about how Mickey came to be. 143 00:11:06,626 --> 00:11:09,212 He told it different versions over the years himself. 144 00:11:09,295 --> 00:11:12,757 [interviewer] Walt, you're a man who's famous for many things, 145 00:11:12,840 --> 00:11:15,426 not the least of which is building a better mouse. 146 00:11:15,510 --> 00:11:17,762 [Disney] Mickey Mouse hopped out of my mind 147 00:11:17,845 --> 00:11:20,598 on a train ride from Manhattan to Hollywood 148 00:11:20,681 --> 00:11:24,519 at a time when the business fortunes of my brother, Roy, and myself 149 00:11:24,602 --> 00:11:27,814 were at lowest ebb and disaster seemed right around the corner. 150 00:11:30,149 --> 00:11:31,234 [Gerstein] Walt was in trouble. 151 00:11:32,360 --> 00:11:37,615 Before Mickey Mouse, Walt and his studio created Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. 152 00:11:38,491 --> 00:11:40,910 I'd argue that Oswald is certainly a lucky rabbit, 153 00:11:40,993 --> 00:11:42,787 but the luck isn't always good. 154 00:11:44,288 --> 00:11:48,668 The actual Oswald contract does not give Walt Disney the rights to that character. 155 00:11:49,711 --> 00:11:52,714 And so, Walt Disney was pushed out of the equation. 156 00:11:55,174 --> 00:11:58,845 It's all about that mythological moment when he's on the train. 157 00:11:59,512 --> 00:12:03,725 And he's been told his entire studio has been hired away from him, 158 00:12:04,308 --> 00:12:07,520 that Oswald doesn't belong to him anymore, and it's crushing. 159 00:12:08,980 --> 00:12:11,190 But out of that comes hope. 160 00:12:12,066 --> 00:12:15,153 He said, "Okay, we've lost everything. Let's start again." 161 00:12:22,744 --> 00:12:24,078 [Higginbotham] Over the years, 162 00:12:24,162 --> 00:12:27,457 with the retelling of that story on the train, 163 00:12:27,540 --> 00:12:30,543 over and over again, and the different inflections, 164 00:12:30,626 --> 00:12:32,045 it becomes myth. 165 00:12:33,129 --> 00:12:34,672 This is mythmaking. 166 00:12:37,425 --> 00:12:41,596 Walt realizes the importance of linking himself to that mouse. 167 00:12:41,679 --> 00:12:43,931 They're developing at the same time. 168 00:12:45,808 --> 00:12:49,187 [Goldberg] Legend has it that, on that train, 169 00:12:49,270 --> 00:12:52,523 Walt wanted to call Mickey "Mortimer Mouse," 170 00:12:52,607 --> 00:12:56,069 but his wife, Lillian, suggested "Mickey Mouse." 171 00:12:58,738 --> 00:13:01,866 I think that's probably one of the most important decisions 172 00:13:01,949 --> 00:13:04,619 anybody ever made for a character. 173 00:13:05,745 --> 00:13:07,914 But they still had a few Oswalds to produce, 174 00:13:07,997 --> 00:13:10,792 so they couldn't necessarily broadcast it far and wide 175 00:13:10,875 --> 00:13:12,794 that they were gonna be working on a new character. 176 00:13:14,379 --> 00:13:17,590 So that very first Mickey Mouse short was made in their garage. 177 00:13:19,550 --> 00:13:22,595 Walt had to turn to the people that he trusted the most. 178 00:13:22,678 --> 00:13:26,182 [Kern] Of course, you have Ub Iwerks, Walt's lead animator. 179 00:13:26,265 --> 00:13:29,602 Walt and Ub complemented each other. 180 00:13:30,311 --> 00:13:33,689 You know, Ub could do things that Walt could not. 181 00:13:33,773 --> 00:13:36,526 First of all, animate like a demon. 182 00:13:36,609 --> 00:13:39,112 It was said he could do 700 drawings a day, 183 00:13:39,195 --> 00:13:41,239 which is unbelievable. 184 00:13:42,198 --> 00:13:44,909 [Gerstein] Ub Iwerks, meanwhile, remembered a different scenario 185 00:13:44,992 --> 00:13:49,038 where Walt came back on the train and said, "We need a new character." 186 00:13:49,122 --> 00:13:51,874 And they tried out various animals and settled on a mouse. 187 00:13:53,042 --> 00:13:58,673 Either way, there's this famous sheet of different designs of Mickey. 188 00:14:05,847 --> 00:14:07,557 And two of them are circled. 189 00:14:09,517 --> 00:14:12,854 [Porter] Does it matter if Mickey was created on a train 190 00:14:12,937 --> 00:14:14,647 or at an animator's desk? 191 00:14:15,440 --> 00:14:18,818 What matters is that hope-from-despair story 192 00:14:18,901 --> 00:14:20,778 that we can all resonate with and go, 193 00:14:20,862 --> 00:14:24,449 "You know what? Yeah, I gotta pick myself back up by my bootstraps 194 00:14:24,532 --> 00:14:28,035 and keep going, because if Walt can do it, I can do it." 195 00:14:34,333 --> 00:14:37,003 [Disney] In so precarious a world of new possibilities 196 00:14:37,086 --> 00:14:39,005 and increased competition, 197 00:14:39,088 --> 00:14:40,882 I'd planned to go all out on sound. 198 00:14:40,965 --> 00:14:45,178 And those plans came very near spelling a major disaster for us. 199 00:14:46,721 --> 00:14:49,974 [Goldberg] Mickey was not an overnight success. 200 00:14:52,060 --> 00:14:54,896 Walt had made two cartoons prior to Steamboat Willie, 201 00:14:54,979 --> 00:14:57,106 Plane Crazy and Gallopin' Gaucho. 202 00:14:57,190 --> 00:15:00,193 And he couldn't find a distributor for them. 203 00:15:00,860 --> 00:15:03,905 Then came a very important breakthrough. 204 00:15:03,988 --> 00:15:07,325 [Goldberg] In 1927, as sound came in, 205 00:15:07,950 --> 00:15:13,498 he set out to make the first sync-sound cartoon this country had ever seen. 206 00:15:16,084 --> 00:15:17,960 [Disney] To launch our picture impressively, 207 00:15:18,044 --> 00:15:22,715 I'd hired a full New York orchestra with a famous director to do the recording. 208 00:15:23,800 --> 00:15:27,011 The upshot was that I had to borrow on my automobile, 209 00:15:27,095 --> 00:15:29,597 and Roy and I had to mortgage our homes as well, 210 00:15:29,680 --> 00:15:33,393 to cover the cost of that first synchronization for Steamboat Willie. 211 00:15:33,476 --> 00:15:37,146 And everybody had to synchronize. Hit that thing right on the button. 212 00:15:37,230 --> 00:15:39,148 And we had-- We had a way of doing it though. 213 00:15:39,232 --> 00:15:42,693 We had a little-- kind of a little beat that worked up and down. 214 00:15:42,777 --> 00:15:46,155 They were all musicians working for me, so they could follow those beats, 215 00:15:46,239 --> 00:15:49,075 and when it came to a certain number of beats, they would go... [yelps] 216 00:15:49,158 --> 00:15:50,451 Or they would go bang! 217 00:15:50,535 --> 00:15:53,204 Or they would go this, or they would pop one of these popguns, you know? 218 00:15:55,373 --> 00:15:56,916 [Disney] And when it was finished, 219 00:15:56,999 --> 00:15:59,168 the picture wouldn't synchronize with the sound. 220 00:16:00,253 --> 00:16:02,255 And we had to do it all over. 221 00:16:03,715 --> 00:16:07,927 Finally, when all of those elements came together, 222 00:16:09,554 --> 00:16:11,514 that put Mickey into the stratosphere. 223 00:16:21,691 --> 00:16:24,694 [whistling] 224 00:16:33,578 --> 00:16:35,538 [Higginbotham] It had to be this thing 225 00:16:35,621 --> 00:16:38,833 that you would never forget the experience of having. 226 00:16:41,836 --> 00:16:46,758 [Disney] It hit. It hit with a bang. It was a hell of a success. 227 00:16:49,343 --> 00:16:52,597 [Higginbotham] And nothing would ever be the same after that. 228 00:16:56,142 --> 00:16:57,894 [Haycock] With Steamboat Willie, 229 00:16:57,977 --> 00:17:01,689 people would probably just be floored by what they saw, you know? 230 00:17:01,773 --> 00:17:05,860 When this movie came out, there was nothing like this ever done. 231 00:17:06,611 --> 00:17:09,572 And once in a while, in our lifetime, 232 00:17:09,655 --> 00:17:12,658 we see a movie like that and it changes everything. 233 00:17:12,742 --> 00:17:15,787 I mean, for me in my childhood, it was, like, Star Wars. 234 00:17:17,872 --> 00:17:22,293 And I think Steamboat Willie probably had a similar impact. 235 00:17:27,507 --> 00:17:30,968 [Goldberg] Mickey became a movie star on the same plane 236 00:17:31,052 --> 00:17:33,429 as Douglas Fairbanks or Charlie Chaplin. 237 00:17:37,809 --> 00:17:41,479 He was somebody they went to the movies to see. 238 00:17:45,566 --> 00:17:47,944 -[sighs] -[cheering] 239 00:17:48,736 --> 00:17:54,117 And as his character developed, he became a rescuer to Minnie Mouse… 240 00:17:54,200 --> 00:17:56,327 Take it easy. You're all right. 241 00:17:56,411 --> 00:17:59,956 [Goldberg] …a hero stacked up against Peg Leg Pete… 242 00:18:01,165 --> 00:18:03,084 and a very resourceful character. 243 00:18:05,878 --> 00:18:10,508 It's no accident that Walt Disney was the first voice of Mickey Mouse. 244 00:18:10,591 --> 00:18:13,302 Yeah. [chuckles] It's me, I guess. 245 00:18:13,928 --> 00:18:14,971 [Norman] The optimist. 246 00:18:15,596 --> 00:18:18,141 The curious kid who never grew up. 247 00:18:18,891 --> 00:18:22,603 The guy who was intrepid, who never let anything stand in his way. 248 00:18:23,187 --> 00:18:27,108 That's Mickey Mouse, but that's also Walt Disney. 249 00:18:30,111 --> 00:18:31,821 [Goldberg] And in a way, 250 00:18:31,904 --> 00:18:38,828 Mickey's earliest cartoons are really from Walt's memories as a farm boy. 251 00:18:40,830 --> 00:18:42,999 [Porter] Walt poured himself into this character, 252 00:18:43,082 --> 00:18:45,960 and the character embodies Walt Disney himself. 253 00:18:46,711 --> 00:18:49,297 So, you cannot separate the two. 254 00:18:52,592 --> 00:18:56,179 [Gerstein] In the early shorts, there was a sense of adventure. 255 00:18:56,262 --> 00:19:00,892 A sense of Walt doing something exciting that somebody else wasn't doing. 256 00:19:02,935 --> 00:19:08,066 Fairbanks and Chaplin were such fans that they both made arrangements 257 00:19:08,149 --> 00:19:13,279 that several of their films be paired with Mickey Mouse shorts at their premieres. 258 00:19:13,362 --> 00:19:15,531 [jazz playing] 259 00:19:15,615 --> 00:19:16,741 ♪ What? ♪ 260 00:19:17,658 --> 00:19:19,202 ♪ No Mickey Mouse ♪ 261 00:19:19,994 --> 00:19:23,206 ♪ What kind of a party is this? ♪ 262 00:19:23,289 --> 00:19:24,457 [Goldberg] "What? No Mickey Mouse?" 263 00:19:24,540 --> 00:19:28,211 was the complaint of people going to a movie theater and realizing, 264 00:19:28,294 --> 00:19:31,047 "They're not showing a Mickey Mouse cartoon. What's wrong with you people?" 265 00:19:31,798 --> 00:19:33,591 [Cline] He really was a sensation, 266 00:19:34,425 --> 00:19:36,719 and the merchandise showed up everywhere. 267 00:19:37,762 --> 00:19:39,430 That was a brand-new thing. 268 00:19:39,514 --> 00:19:42,850 And there were a couple of companies that were on the verge of bankruptcy, 269 00:19:42,934 --> 00:19:46,562 and Mickey Mouse actually saved those companies from disappearing. 270 00:19:47,397 --> 00:19:50,858 What would another culture from another planet think of us 271 00:19:50,942 --> 00:19:53,736 seeing Mickey on everything? 272 00:19:53,820 --> 00:19:58,449 They might say, "Take me to your leader," and it would be Mickey. [laughs] 273 00:20:02,829 --> 00:20:05,081 Let me get this out of the way. 274 00:20:06,249 --> 00:20:08,960 And here it is, folks. Mouse Heaven. 275 00:20:11,337 --> 00:20:14,632 I collect images that embody a life force. 276 00:20:16,050 --> 00:20:21,723 Now, the more abstract they are, the more they're imbued with that life force. 277 00:20:21,806 --> 00:20:24,434 Because often it's just the bare essence. 278 00:20:24,517 --> 00:20:28,521 So you can clothe it in anything your imagination can bring forth. 279 00:20:29,731 --> 00:20:31,899 Which kind of gets us up to Mickey. 280 00:20:32,483 --> 00:20:38,448 Mickey is pure, absolute geometry, made up of nothing but circles. 281 00:20:39,532 --> 00:20:41,284 This total abstraction 282 00:20:41,367 --> 00:20:47,582 is probably the most universal symbol ever created by man or mouse. 283 00:20:48,541 --> 00:20:53,004 Three simple circles, a quarter and two dimes. 284 00:20:53,087 --> 00:20:56,132 And it's recognizable the world over. 285 00:20:56,841 --> 00:21:00,261 What I've collected is simply the history of this phenomenon. 286 00:21:00,928 --> 00:21:05,600 So, I think, if an archaeologist was to find this place 287 00:21:05,683 --> 00:21:07,977 in the far, far distant future, 288 00:21:08,061 --> 00:21:12,398 they would be convinced that this was a shrine to the great god Mickey. 289 00:21:17,653 --> 00:21:18,905 Welcome to Earth. 290 00:21:18,988 --> 00:21:24,869 I have to tell you about this mouse that will change your life. 291 00:21:24,952 --> 00:21:27,371 -He's a mouse. [chuckles] -That wears clothes though. 292 00:21:27,455 --> 00:21:30,458 White gloves, black fur, I guess it would be. 293 00:21:30,541 --> 00:21:32,668 Red pants. Yellow shoes. 294 00:21:32,752 --> 00:21:35,588 Big ears, you know? And he's always smiling. 295 00:21:35,671 --> 00:21:38,383 He has a very particular voice. 296 00:21:38,466 --> 00:21:40,760 Oh, boy! [chuckles] 297 00:21:40,843 --> 00:21:42,387 He has a girlfriend, Minnie. 298 00:21:42,470 --> 00:21:44,847 He likes Minnie. I know that. [chuckles] 299 00:21:44,931 --> 00:21:48,768 I think that they're dating because there's no ring on them. 300 00:21:48,851 --> 00:21:51,521 And then his other friends are Daisy… 301 00:21:51,604 --> 00:21:53,314 Goofy, Donald… 302 00:21:53,398 --> 00:21:55,066 Oh, and he has a dog named Pluto. 303 00:21:55,149 --> 00:21:59,529 Not to be confused with Goofy, because Goofy is also sort of a dog, 304 00:21:59,612 --> 00:22:01,197 but he's more of a dog-man. 305 00:22:01,280 --> 00:22:03,616 Um, and that's just the world we're living in. 306 00:22:03,699 --> 00:22:05,952 Ha-ha, everybody. [chuckles] 307 00:22:06,035 --> 00:22:09,163 [in Spanish] 308 00:22:09,247 --> 00:22:10,415 Mickey Mouse. 309 00:22:10,498 --> 00:22:11,624 Mickey Mouse. 310 00:22:11,707 --> 00:22:13,084 [in Spanish] 311 00:22:13,167 --> 00:22:15,878 [in English] Mickey and I just became inseparable. 312 00:22:15,962 --> 00:22:18,297 [fan] We love a mouse. How crazy is that? 313 00:22:18,381 --> 00:22:20,675 That's a little absurd. 314 00:22:24,929 --> 00:22:25,930 Lay down! 315 00:22:27,557 --> 00:22:28,558 Get up! 316 00:22:29,600 --> 00:22:31,978 -Speak! -[barking] 317 00:22:34,856 --> 00:22:39,318 [reporter] In the world's film capital is the studio that stands as a monument 318 00:22:39,402 --> 00:22:44,323 to the great genius of Walt Disney, master of a new form of popular art that… 319 00:22:44,407 --> 00:22:46,743 That extra revenue from the Mickey Mouse merchandise 320 00:22:46,826 --> 00:22:51,456 really allowed the studio to experiment and improve. 321 00:22:52,415 --> 00:22:54,917 [Disney] First thing I did when I got a little money, 322 00:22:55,001 --> 00:22:57,128 we set up our own art school. 323 00:22:58,838 --> 00:23:02,717 Art schools that existed then worked with the static figure. 324 00:23:02,800 --> 00:23:06,512 Now, we were dealing in motion, movement and the flow of movement. 325 00:23:06,596 --> 00:23:09,766 The flow of things, you know? Action. Reaction. All of that. 326 00:23:11,559 --> 00:23:13,853 I put all my artists back in school. 327 00:23:15,229 --> 00:23:18,941 And out of that school would come the artists that now make up my staff here. 328 00:23:19,025 --> 00:23:20,234 And more than that, 329 00:23:20,318 --> 00:23:23,446 the artists that make up most all of the cartoon outfits in Hollywood. 330 00:23:25,656 --> 00:23:27,742 [Kern] Mickey has taken the world by storm. 331 00:23:27,825 --> 00:23:30,453 The great thinkers, the great artists are all stepping back 332 00:23:30,536 --> 00:23:34,499 and acknowledging that this is something otherworldly and important. 333 00:23:41,839 --> 00:23:44,801 What is the power behind this character? 334 00:23:45,426 --> 00:23:46,928 Yoo-hoo! 335 00:24:02,485 --> 00:24:06,114 [Goldberg] I think Mickey appeals for a lot of different reasons. 336 00:24:06,614 --> 00:24:11,494 But if I had to pick one, it's the way he moves. 337 00:24:14,831 --> 00:24:21,170 It's how he does things that make him compelling to watch. 338 00:24:23,005 --> 00:24:27,677 He has a spirit to him, dating all the way back to Steamboat Willie, 339 00:24:28,720 --> 00:24:33,599 that is playful, inventive, resourceful and fun. 340 00:24:34,475 --> 00:24:40,106 But his imperfections are as much a part of his character as anything else. 341 00:24:44,193 --> 00:24:45,862 Mickey wasn't perfect, 342 00:24:47,238 --> 00:24:51,617 but he would always find a resourceful way to get out of situations. 343 00:24:51,701 --> 00:24:54,203 [screaming] 344 00:24:55,037 --> 00:24:56,038 Minnie! 345 00:24:57,540 --> 00:25:00,877 [Goldberg] His movement is defining who he is. 346 00:25:00,960 --> 00:25:06,007 And that is what the Disney Studio has specialized in ever since. 347 00:25:08,009 --> 00:25:11,220 You're not just creating movement for movement's sake. 348 00:25:12,305 --> 00:25:18,061 You're creating movement that defines that individual's personality. 349 00:25:25,318 --> 00:25:27,195 -♪ Mickey ♪ -♪ Minnie ♪ 350 00:25:27,278 --> 00:25:29,864 -♪ La, la, la, la, la, la ♪ -♪ La, la, la, la, la, la ♪ 351 00:25:35,203 --> 00:25:38,331 [crying] 352 00:25:38,414 --> 00:25:42,168 [Cline] People tend to forget that Mickey Mouse started in the Roaring '20s. 353 00:25:42,251 --> 00:25:45,922 But almost immediately, the Depression fell on the United States. 354 00:25:47,090 --> 00:25:49,592 [reporter] America, the land of shattered dreams. 355 00:25:49,675 --> 00:25:52,845 A place of deep despair and real fear. 356 00:25:53,805 --> 00:25:57,850 Millions of Americans homeless, hungry, and without hope. 357 00:25:57,934 --> 00:25:59,102 [bell clanging] 358 00:26:00,812 --> 00:26:03,022 Because of the crisis, the majority of kids 359 00:26:03,106 --> 00:26:05,358 were spending their time without parents. 360 00:26:06,484 --> 00:26:09,862 They were left free to do what they wanted during the day. 361 00:26:10,446 --> 00:26:13,866 And movies were the cheapest entertainment you could get for a child. 362 00:26:14,367 --> 00:26:16,494 So if you're a kid, 363 00:26:16,577 --> 00:26:19,789 the one thing you could be guaranteed of was a Saturday matinee. 364 00:26:20,957 --> 00:26:22,750 It was the highlight of your week. 365 00:26:24,752 --> 00:26:26,462 Yoo-hoo, Mickey! 366 00:26:27,880 --> 00:26:29,132 Yoo-hoo! 367 00:26:33,636 --> 00:26:36,264 [Sendak] I fell in love with Mickey 368 00:26:36,347 --> 00:26:39,976 because I went to the movies almost every day with my sister and brother. 369 00:26:40,518 --> 00:26:43,563 And you had a double feature and a cartoon in the middle, 370 00:26:44,731 --> 00:26:49,235 so you were there for hours out of the hands of your parents. 371 00:26:51,863 --> 00:26:54,782 And there's the cartoon, and when I saw that cartoon-- 372 00:26:54,866 --> 00:26:58,578 First the big head would appear with radiant lights coming out of it. 373 00:27:04,584 --> 00:27:05,835 I remember my sister saying, 374 00:27:05,918 --> 00:27:08,755 "We knew it was coming, and Jackie would grab you by one arm, 375 00:27:08,838 --> 00:27:12,300 and I would grab you by the other arm, and you went into a frenzy." 376 00:27:37,742 --> 00:27:40,203 [Henn] Wow. I get the goose bumps every time. 377 00:27:43,998 --> 00:27:49,796 Mickey becomes the icon of how to truly survive the Great Depression. 378 00:27:50,630 --> 00:27:52,965 The American dream has suffered. 379 00:27:53,549 --> 00:27:55,885 But Mickey is able to bring that back. 380 00:27:56,677 --> 00:28:01,891 He's able to return us to a sense of perseverance. 381 00:28:04,352 --> 00:28:08,481 [Kern] There was no other character having that grip on a mass conscience. 382 00:28:09,690 --> 00:28:13,069 That popularity spins out into things like the Mickey Mouse clubs, 383 00:28:13,152 --> 00:28:15,113 where kids could get together 384 00:28:15,196 --> 00:28:17,657 and watch Mickey cartoons together and laugh together. 385 00:28:17,740 --> 00:28:19,742 [laughter] 386 00:28:34,674 --> 00:28:37,009 [announcer] And now they're all waiting for Mickey himself. 387 00:28:38,136 --> 00:28:39,637 Here he comes! 388 00:28:42,014 --> 00:28:45,143 [chattering] 389 00:28:46,102 --> 00:28:50,982 Mickey weathers the Depression, but he's got to change and transform. 390 00:28:52,483 --> 00:28:56,028 Because America and Mickey, they change together. 391 00:29:00,408 --> 00:29:02,410 [footsteps approaching] 392 00:29:14,922 --> 00:29:17,467 [Carney] There's almost a hundred years 393 00:29:17,550 --> 00:29:20,136 of Disney Animation history within this building. 394 00:29:21,012 --> 00:29:25,016 We have approximately 65 million pieces of art in our collection. 395 00:29:25,933 --> 00:29:30,271 And every box holds a spark of creativity. 396 00:29:31,773 --> 00:29:35,485 So, here you've got Steamboat Willie. 397 00:29:36,402 --> 00:29:38,196 [Deja] Ah. That's a nice one. 398 00:29:38,279 --> 00:29:41,240 [Carney] Mickey as he's falling in the soap bucket. 399 00:29:43,451 --> 00:29:45,536 Yeah, and it's so, so simple. 400 00:29:45,620 --> 00:29:47,330 You look at the hands-- 401 00:29:47,413 --> 00:29:49,415 They almost look like just little pinwheels. 402 00:29:49,499 --> 00:29:50,875 -And just-- -[Deja] Yeah. 403 00:29:50,958 --> 00:29:56,589 It's the spirit of Mickey, just really simplified to an essence. 404 00:29:58,591 --> 00:30:02,095 [Carney] You'll be able to see an evolution of Mickey here. 405 00:30:03,179 --> 00:30:05,473 -So, we've gone five years later. -Mm-hmm. 406 00:30:05,556 --> 00:30:06,557 [Deja] Oh, yeah. 407 00:30:06,641 --> 00:30:08,893 [Carney] You can see there's a little bit more to him. 408 00:30:08,976 --> 00:30:14,941 It's the same character, but you can tell that a different animator did this. 409 00:30:15,024 --> 00:30:16,025 [Carney] Mm-hmm. 410 00:30:16,984 --> 00:30:19,821 [Deja] The hands, for example. They added the white gloves. 411 00:30:23,699 --> 00:30:27,620 [Goldberg] And this Mickey is just that much more 412 00:30:27,703 --> 00:30:30,540 three-dimensional and organic. 413 00:30:31,958 --> 00:30:35,253 You would take an animator's drawing of Mickey, 414 00:30:35,336 --> 00:30:38,256 put it on your light box, and then improve it. 415 00:30:38,339 --> 00:30:39,257 Whoop. 416 00:30:39,340 --> 00:30:45,430 Improve it by making that pose stronger, making that line of action more defined. 417 00:30:46,848 --> 00:30:52,937 But there's still something personal in it that you're bringing to the table. 418 00:30:55,982 --> 00:31:00,403 The very first animation I did here at the studio back in 19-- [stammers] 419 00:31:00,486 --> 00:31:02,697 We won't talk about that. It was a long time ago. 420 00:31:02,780 --> 00:31:05,366 But the very first animation I did was Mickey Mouse. 421 00:31:06,367 --> 00:31:09,454 I felt it then, and I feel it now with this short. 422 00:31:09,996 --> 00:31:12,165 And we're able to keep him alive, 423 00:31:12,248 --> 00:31:14,834 and we're doing it in the way that Mickey should be done. 424 00:31:19,505 --> 00:31:22,258 I don't know if I can flip this 'cause the papers are kind of thin. 425 00:31:24,635 --> 00:31:27,263 The character of Mickey, the personality of Mickey-- 426 00:31:28,389 --> 00:31:30,433 Being hand-drawn is part of who he is. 427 00:31:31,976 --> 00:31:35,313 And if people recognize that, you know, 428 00:31:35,396 --> 00:31:38,524 there will always be a reason for us to keep drawing him. 429 00:31:38,608 --> 00:31:40,568 [whirring] 430 00:31:41,277 --> 00:31:44,280 And those early animators, as crude as it was, 431 00:31:44,363 --> 00:31:47,533 they were discovering the language of animation. 432 00:31:49,202 --> 00:31:50,369 [interviewer] Well, Walt, 433 00:31:50,453 --> 00:31:53,623 how is Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs coming along? 434 00:31:53,706 --> 00:31:55,500 [Disney] Oh, it's come along very well. 435 00:31:56,417 --> 00:31:58,294 Going to run for one hour and a half. 436 00:31:58,378 --> 00:32:00,755 No cartoon production has ever run that long before. 437 00:32:01,339 --> 00:32:04,467 That's why we feel justified in putting one million dollars into it. 438 00:32:05,093 --> 00:32:06,511 [Kaufman] In terms of animation, 439 00:32:06,594 --> 00:32:09,764 Mickey opened a lot of doors for Walt, 440 00:32:09,847 --> 00:32:12,266 and Walt was always looking for new doors. 441 00:32:13,059 --> 00:32:15,895 [interviewer] You know, it makes me dizzy to think of the millions of drawings 442 00:32:15,978 --> 00:32:17,980 necessary for a production of this kind. 443 00:32:18,731 --> 00:32:21,609 [Nilsen] Disney needs to expand hugely. 444 00:32:22,110 --> 00:32:27,240 And so, the studio goes from a small group to 300 people. 445 00:32:27,323 --> 00:32:30,618 And that change really transforms the studio. 446 00:32:31,953 --> 00:32:35,581 No longer can Walt be involved in every Mickey short. 447 00:32:35,665 --> 00:32:38,876 His entire focus shifts over to Snow White. 448 00:32:39,669 --> 00:32:43,756 [Kaufman] Snow White was not taking place in the same universe that Mickey lived in. 449 00:32:43,840 --> 00:32:44,841 [barking] 450 00:32:44,924 --> 00:32:47,051 But at the same time, Mickey never goes away. 451 00:32:47,885 --> 00:32:53,266 He's always right there by Walt's side whenever he takes on a new enthusiasm. 452 00:33:01,941 --> 00:33:05,528 [Pelayo] Mickey Mouse is probably the most difficult character to ink 453 00:33:05,611 --> 00:33:07,155 because of all the curves. 454 00:33:08,823 --> 00:33:11,701 That's the most difficult part of inking is inking circles. 455 00:33:11,784 --> 00:33:14,662 And Mickey Mouse is full of circles. 456 00:33:24,797 --> 00:33:29,594 Your job as an inker is translating the animator's work onto the cel. 457 00:33:29,677 --> 00:33:32,680 You don't have any room to go outside of that. 458 00:33:32,764 --> 00:33:35,683 Because if you do that, you change their intention. 459 00:33:35,767 --> 00:33:38,227 You change their work. 460 00:33:41,189 --> 00:33:44,650 They say it takes about 15 years of consistent inking-- 461 00:33:45,151 --> 00:33:50,031 eight hours a day, five times a week, for 15 years-- to become a master inker. 462 00:33:50,948 --> 00:33:53,951 There's only a few of us in the Ink and Paint department now, 463 00:33:54,035 --> 00:33:58,122 but it used to be hundreds, and for a long time, it was all women. 464 00:33:58,206 --> 00:33:59,874 [reporter] The thousands of pencil drawings 465 00:33:59,957 --> 00:34:01,292 go to the inking department. 466 00:34:01,375 --> 00:34:03,628 Here, hundreds of pretty girls cover the drawings 467 00:34:03,711 --> 00:34:05,338 with sheets of transparent celluloid. 468 00:34:05,421 --> 00:34:09,175 Then they painstakingly trace every line of every drawing in ink, 469 00:34:09,258 --> 00:34:12,887 following exactly, in every detail, the original animation drawing. 470 00:34:12,970 --> 00:34:16,641 [Johnson] The role of the inkers and painters gets glossed over 471 00:34:16,724 --> 00:34:21,562 into this log-line of pretty girls who traced and colored. 472 00:34:23,022 --> 00:34:27,485 When what they were accomplishing was mind-blowing. 473 00:34:28,861 --> 00:34:31,239 These women were artists in their own right. 474 00:34:31,948 --> 00:34:33,533 [reporter] In the studio paint laboratory, 475 00:34:33,616 --> 00:34:36,369 all colors used are made up from secret formulas. 476 00:34:36,452 --> 00:34:40,456 Expert chemists developed more than 1500 different shades of color 477 00:34:40,540 --> 00:34:42,375 for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. 478 00:34:50,508 --> 00:34:55,430 [Johnson] Color forever transforms the world of Mickey Mouse. 479 00:34:57,849 --> 00:35:00,810 [Pelayo] Pastel is his flesh. His tongue. 480 00:35:00,893 --> 00:35:03,855 Marigold, his shoes. Lobster, his pants. 481 00:35:05,189 --> 00:35:07,358 We are not really brushing. 482 00:35:08,067 --> 00:35:14,449 It's actually dropping a glob of paint, and then we just push it to the edges, 483 00:35:14,532 --> 00:35:18,536 because we wanna make the paint look as opaque as possible. 484 00:35:21,706 --> 00:35:24,041 When I'm inking or painting Mickey Mouse, 485 00:35:24,125 --> 00:35:27,879 it just takes me back to when Walt first created Mickey. 486 00:35:35,219 --> 00:35:38,723 So now that we're done with it, this is what it looks like from the front. 487 00:35:44,228 --> 00:35:46,189 All ready, Uncle Mickey? 488 00:35:46,272 --> 00:35:47,982 Okay, let's go. 489 00:35:51,277 --> 00:35:52,528 [snoring] 490 00:35:52,612 --> 00:35:55,823 [Nilsen] Once Mickey becomes an international children's star, 491 00:35:55,907 --> 00:35:57,700 there's certain things he cannot do. 492 00:35:59,452 --> 00:36:01,370 [Gerstein] Parents of Mickey's younger viewers 493 00:36:01,454 --> 00:36:05,083 wanted Mickey to clean up his act and not be as bad an influence. 494 00:36:05,166 --> 00:36:07,085 [high-pitched babbling] 495 00:36:07,168 --> 00:36:10,421 [Nilsen] He can't be a bully. He can't punch people. 496 00:36:10,505 --> 00:36:15,259 He can't behave in any way that would be considered bad behavior. 497 00:36:17,136 --> 00:36:19,555 [Gerstein] It pushed Mickey into a straight man role, 498 00:36:20,348 --> 00:36:23,101 where almost any kind of flaw 499 00:36:23,184 --> 00:36:26,979 is seen as out of character. 500 00:36:27,063 --> 00:36:29,065 [applause] 501 00:36:29,899 --> 00:36:33,027 And so, Donald Duck appears. 502 00:36:33,111 --> 00:36:35,905 [Donald Duck cackling] 503 00:36:38,408 --> 00:36:40,159 Aw, phooey! 504 00:36:40,827 --> 00:36:45,164 [Disney] The duck came along as a result of too many taboos put onto Mickey Mouse. 505 00:36:45,832 --> 00:36:49,001 People didn't feel that Mickey could blow his top like the duck. 506 00:36:49,085 --> 00:36:51,170 He had to maintain a certain dignity. 507 00:36:54,549 --> 00:36:57,301 So, in order to give ourselves a latitude, 508 00:36:57,385 --> 00:36:59,595 we created this terrible-tempered Mr. Duck. 509 00:36:59,679 --> 00:37:00,680 [grunting] 510 00:37:00,763 --> 00:37:03,307 ♪ Who gets stuck with all the bad luck? ♪ 511 00:37:03,391 --> 00:37:06,185 ♪ No one but Donald Duck ♪ 512 00:37:06,269 --> 00:37:07,478 [grunts] 513 00:37:09,105 --> 00:37:10,857 Get out of here! Get out of here! 514 00:37:10,940 --> 00:37:13,609 [Gerstein] Story after story was rejected for Mickey 515 00:37:13,693 --> 00:37:16,779 because he was perceived as being a little bit too silly in them. 516 00:37:18,823 --> 00:37:22,493 [Deja] They found out Mickey is probably best paired with Donald and Goofy. 517 00:37:22,577 --> 00:37:24,203 [laughs] A moose! 518 00:37:24,287 --> 00:37:25,288 A moose! 519 00:37:25,371 --> 00:37:26,748 And have this little trio. 520 00:37:26,831 --> 00:37:31,335 Hot dog! Now do your stuff. I'll take care of the rest. 521 00:37:31,419 --> 00:37:34,464 [Deja] There are many great ones that include the three of them 522 00:37:34,547 --> 00:37:38,509 that work well 'cause their personalities rub off against each other. 523 00:37:38,593 --> 00:37:40,178 Lend a hand, me hearties! 524 00:37:40,261 --> 00:37:41,763 [both] Aye, aye, Captain! 525 00:37:42,889 --> 00:37:44,515 [screams] What's the big idea? 526 00:37:44,599 --> 00:37:48,436 [Kaufman] But it became evident that Donald is getting Mickey's anger 527 00:37:49,353 --> 00:37:52,023 and Goofy gets Mickey's silly side. 528 00:37:53,524 --> 00:37:57,528 And if Mickey is the responsible one, he pretty much has to take a back seat. 529 00:37:59,697 --> 00:38:01,616 But then where does that leave Mickey? 530 00:38:19,175 --> 00:38:21,844 [Haycock] This part of the short that I'm animating 531 00:38:21,928 --> 00:38:24,347 is from the Brave Little Tailor. 532 00:38:26,474 --> 00:38:27,850 [whistles] 533 00:38:29,477 --> 00:38:30,895 [grunting] 534 00:38:30,978 --> 00:38:33,189 He's trying to get his arm out of his sleeve. 535 00:38:33,272 --> 00:38:34,315 Can't get it. 536 00:38:34,816 --> 00:38:38,444 And then that's when Mickey comes in to his arm right here. 537 00:38:40,154 --> 00:38:45,034 Then I gotta get all that done in 297 frames. 538 00:38:45,118 --> 00:38:48,162 So I've only got a hundred frames to get the rest of it. [chuckles] 539 00:38:52,417 --> 00:38:56,295 I think I was here 25 years before I actually animated Mickey. 540 00:38:56,963 --> 00:38:59,841 And it seems a shame because, you know, if you work at Disney, 541 00:39:00,550 --> 00:39:03,094 you should be animating Mickey all the time, I'd think. 542 00:39:04,804 --> 00:39:08,683 When Eric gave me the sections that I was gonna do, I got really excited 543 00:39:08,766 --> 00:39:12,061 because that was my favorite Mickey that made me wanna be an animator. 544 00:39:12,145 --> 00:39:16,149 They came at me from the right. Then the left. Right, left, left, right! 545 00:39:16,232 --> 00:39:19,485 [Haycock] So that was exciting and intimidating all at the same time. 546 00:39:22,280 --> 00:39:27,076 [Henn] As Mickey evolved, what used to be his eye, 547 00:39:27,160 --> 00:39:31,831 when you get to Fantasia, just became this little thing here 548 00:39:31,914 --> 00:39:34,459 and so you would end up with the pupils. 549 00:39:35,460 --> 00:39:36,836 [Haycock] Fantasia Mickey's important 550 00:39:36,919 --> 00:39:40,131 because with the whites of his eyes like this, 551 00:39:40,214 --> 00:39:42,925 it made him a lot more expressive. 552 00:39:43,009 --> 00:39:45,553 And I'm gonna stretch his ears a little more here 553 00:39:45,636 --> 00:39:50,433 because he just became a little more pliable from this point on. 554 00:40:02,987 --> 00:40:09,077 We wouldn't have a Fantasia if it weren't for Walt's concern for Mickey Mouse. 555 00:40:09,160 --> 00:40:13,915 He was worried that Donald and Goofy were overtaking Mickey's popularity, 556 00:40:14,749 --> 00:40:20,171 and he wanted a vehicle to bring Mickey back in the limelight again. 557 00:40:21,631 --> 00:40:27,762 And so originally, Fantasia was just going to be The Sorcerer's Apprentice short, 558 00:40:27,845 --> 00:40:34,352 and it then blossomed into an entire innovative feature film 559 00:40:34,435 --> 00:40:36,896 that's still never been equaled. 560 00:40:38,815 --> 00:40:41,192 [Kern] Fantasia is something that was a huge gamble. 561 00:40:42,318 --> 00:40:44,028 You have so many different styles. 562 00:40:44,862 --> 00:40:46,906 It's something that, in theory, shouldn't work. 563 00:40:48,074 --> 00:40:50,284 [reporter] The greatest thrill of his acting career happened 564 00:40:50,368 --> 00:40:53,204 on the night of November 13th, 1940 565 00:40:53,287 --> 00:40:57,125 at the same theater where he made his first appearance as a ragged, 566 00:40:57,208 --> 00:40:59,836 shoeless mouse almost ten years before. 567 00:41:23,109 --> 00:41:27,280 [Deja] Some of the old animators said that when they heard that Walt wanted Mickey 568 00:41:27,363 --> 00:41:31,576 to be on this rock conducting the universe, 569 00:41:31,659 --> 00:41:33,703 they thought he'd gotten kinda crazy 570 00:41:33,786 --> 00:41:35,955 'cause Mickey Mouse, after all, is a cartoon character. 571 00:41:36,038 --> 00:41:37,457 You don't conduct the universe. 572 00:41:46,674 --> 00:41:49,052 Mickey conducting the universe you can translate 573 00:41:49,135 --> 00:41:53,514 to Walt conducting his own universe 'cause by that time his company had grown, 574 00:41:53,598 --> 00:41:56,893 and thousands and thousands of people were working at the studio. 575 00:41:58,853 --> 00:42:00,688 So I think Walt became Mickey then. 576 00:42:12,158 --> 00:42:14,619 [Goldberg] There's some scenes in Sorcerer's Apprentice 577 00:42:14,702 --> 00:42:19,082 where he knows he's screwed up in front of the sorcerer. 578 00:42:19,165 --> 00:42:22,210 The subtlety that they get on his face, 579 00:42:23,044 --> 00:42:29,550 I think that's where the character hit his absolute peak of perfection. 580 00:42:32,303 --> 00:42:36,808 [Kaufman] Artistically, Walt achieved everything he wanted to with Fantasia. 581 00:42:38,893 --> 00:42:42,688 But when the movie came out, it was a failure. 582 00:42:42,772 --> 00:42:45,316 Artistic success, financial failure, you know? 583 00:42:45,400 --> 00:42:47,652 [interviewer] Certainly an artistic success. It was a magnificent-- 584 00:42:47,735 --> 00:42:51,030 Well, there's-- Some people would, uh, would question that too. 585 00:42:53,241 --> 00:42:57,745 [Birnkrant] Fantasia was Mickey's culmination and his termination. 586 00:42:58,579 --> 00:43:02,834 That sorcerer swatted him with the broom, and he scurried off of the stage, 587 00:43:02,917 --> 00:43:05,086 and he never quite came back again. 588 00:43:05,920 --> 00:43:08,131 [Mickey] Well, so long! I'll be seeing ya! 589 00:43:22,019 --> 00:43:24,230 [Norman] The story of Walt and Mickey 590 00:43:24,313 --> 00:43:27,608 wasn't just one continual success after success. 591 00:43:27,692 --> 00:43:30,611 It was stumble after stumble, failure after failure. 592 00:43:31,362 --> 00:43:36,117 But Walt believed that if he worked hard enough, he could overcome every obstacle. 593 00:43:39,871 --> 00:43:42,248 [Kaufman] There are two main animators 594 00:43:42,331 --> 00:43:44,834 who were really, really important in Mickey's life, 595 00:43:45,501 --> 00:43:48,838 Ub Iwerks and Fred Moore. 596 00:43:50,006 --> 00:43:54,010 It was Moore who redesigned the mouse more than once, 597 00:43:54,844 --> 00:43:59,557 and after Fantasia, the studio is talking in terms of a comeback. 598 00:43:59,640 --> 00:44:03,978 [Goldberg] From Fantasia, Freddie Moore took him even further 599 00:44:04,062 --> 00:44:06,731 for even more fluidity 600 00:44:07,315 --> 00:44:08,858 and more character. 601 00:44:11,527 --> 00:44:13,738 [Kaufman] They gave him a loose, rangy kind of movement, 602 00:44:13,821 --> 00:44:16,449 and they had him deliberately clowning around. 603 00:44:17,033 --> 00:44:22,163 Everything's kind of working to this S curve here. 604 00:44:22,246 --> 00:44:23,998 I'll clean up your yard. [chuckles] 605 00:44:24,082 --> 00:44:26,209 All right. But no more clowning. 606 00:44:26,292 --> 00:44:29,003 They were trying to make Mickey funny again. 607 00:44:29,087 --> 00:44:31,923 You know? Let him play a clown once in a while, 608 00:44:32,006 --> 00:44:36,469 like when he's doing his goofy dance in Mickey's Birthday Party, 609 00:44:36,552 --> 00:44:40,515 or when he's raking up leaves in The Little Whirlwind, you know? 610 00:44:40,598 --> 00:44:46,938 It's okay for him to make mistakes or act foolish once in a while in that year. 611 00:44:48,940 --> 00:44:52,902 The movement, the organic qualities, 612 00:44:52,985 --> 00:44:57,073 the fluidity of the animation was never better. 613 00:44:59,117 --> 00:45:02,495 They could do with Mickey… anything. 614 00:45:07,500 --> 00:45:10,753 [Kaufman] This new Mickey seemed to hold the promise of 615 00:45:10,837 --> 00:45:15,133 freeing him from that role of being the serious, responsible one all the time. 616 00:45:15,216 --> 00:45:16,426 [flute playing] 617 00:45:17,593 --> 00:45:20,513 [Goldberg] But that version of Mickey didn't last long. 618 00:45:20,596 --> 00:45:23,933 ♪ Heigh-ho Heigh-ho, heigh-ho, heigh-ho ♪ 619 00:45:24,016 --> 00:45:27,270 ♪ Heigh-ho We all must help, you know? ♪ 620 00:45:27,353 --> 00:45:30,982 ♪ We'll win the war with five for four Heigh-ho ♪ 621 00:45:32,483 --> 00:45:36,738 ♪ Heigh-ho We all must help, you know? ♪ 622 00:45:36,821 --> 00:45:40,366 ♪ We'll win the war with five for four Heigh-ho ♪ 623 00:45:41,784 --> 00:45:44,203 [narrator 1] The whole world is aflame. 624 00:45:44,287 --> 00:45:48,624 All the peoples of the United Nations are fighting the savage enemies of freedom. 625 00:45:50,585 --> 00:45:53,087 [narrator 2] In Hollywood, Walt Disney has turned over 626 00:45:53,171 --> 00:45:55,631 almost the entire facilities of his studio 627 00:45:55,715 --> 00:45:58,593 for the production of Army and Navy instructional films. 628 00:45:58,676 --> 00:46:01,137 Four, eight, sequence one. Let her roll. 629 00:46:02,013 --> 00:46:04,098 [Kern] Walt, being the patriot that he was, 630 00:46:04,182 --> 00:46:06,684 supported whatever the government and the military wanted… 631 00:46:06,768 --> 00:46:09,103 [narrator 3] Don't throw away that bacon grease. 632 00:46:09,187 --> 00:46:12,982 Fats make glycerin and glycerin makes explosives. 633 00:46:13,483 --> 00:46:17,612 [Kern] …whether that was creating shorts for home front or propaganda purposes… 634 00:46:17,695 --> 00:46:20,198 [narrator 4] Will our own cities and homes be bombed? 635 00:46:20,782 --> 00:46:23,993 [Kern] …or training films and educational films for the military. 636 00:46:24,077 --> 00:46:27,497 [narrator 5] If the bolt is pulled back, the magazine's free… 637 00:46:27,580 --> 00:46:29,373 [Kern] They were designing insignia 638 00:46:29,457 --> 00:46:32,085 for different military and auxiliary units around the world. 639 00:46:32,168 --> 00:46:33,836 Over twelve hundred were made. 640 00:46:35,338 --> 00:46:37,548 You have groups writing to the studio, saying, 641 00:46:37,632 --> 00:46:40,301 "We want Mickey to help get us through this." 642 00:46:42,011 --> 00:46:44,722 [Nilsen] Before the war, Hitler liked Mickey, 643 00:46:44,806 --> 00:46:48,851 Mussolini loved Mickey, Hirohito loved Mickey. 644 00:46:48,935 --> 00:46:52,688 But when America enters war, Mickey ends up banned. 645 00:46:55,149 --> 00:46:58,611 [Disney] The little fellow's grin was too infectious for Nazism. 646 00:46:58,694 --> 00:47:00,696 Hitler thunderingly forbade his people 647 00:47:00,780 --> 00:47:05,118 to wear the then-popular Mickey Mouse button in place of the swastika. 648 00:47:05,618 --> 00:47:07,954 [Nilsen] Hitler understood what Mickey symbolized. 649 00:47:09,330 --> 00:47:13,543 Independence, liberty, freedom. 650 00:47:14,168 --> 00:47:16,295 America is Mickey. 651 00:47:21,634 --> 00:47:24,387 [officer] Commando Duck, here are your orders. 652 00:47:24,470 --> 00:47:27,390 You'll parachute at position D-4. 653 00:47:27,473 --> 00:47:28,683 [slide whistle plays] 654 00:47:28,766 --> 00:47:31,686 [Nilsen] But with the wartime shorts that are produced to create morale, 655 00:47:31,769 --> 00:47:34,772 almost all of those are done by Donald Duck. 656 00:47:34,856 --> 00:47:37,275 [trumpets playing] 657 00:47:38,693 --> 00:47:43,030 [Kern] Mickey's presence in World War II tended to rely on the home front. 658 00:47:43,114 --> 00:47:46,200 You see him on support posters, 659 00:47:46,284 --> 00:47:47,744 getting people to carpool, 660 00:47:47,827 --> 00:47:49,746 rationing, selling war bonds, 661 00:47:50,329 --> 00:47:54,000 supporting the war effort not from the front line but at home. 662 00:47:54,917 --> 00:47:58,212 If you were a child at that point in time or a family, 663 00:47:58,296 --> 00:48:02,467 who better to look to than Mickey Mouse for that sense of comfort? 664 00:48:06,596 --> 00:48:08,264 [Nilsen] But you, as a creator, 665 00:48:08,973 --> 00:48:11,142 don't control what happens to your products. 666 00:48:11,225 --> 00:48:13,478 You don't control what happens to your characters. 667 00:48:14,479 --> 00:48:18,524 And so, when wartime came, Mickey was already there. 668 00:48:26,908 --> 00:48:31,746 There was a village in Poland in which the entire village was destroyed by the Nazis. 669 00:48:33,372 --> 00:48:37,460 And there are images left from that village 670 00:48:37,543 --> 00:48:42,715 that create a collection of the life of the village before the horror. 671 00:48:46,511 --> 00:48:49,055 And in one of the photographs is Mickey. 672 00:48:53,226 --> 00:48:56,145 And it's a shocking image within the Holocaust museum 673 00:48:56,229 --> 00:49:00,566 to see this-- this being, Mickey Mouse, creating pleasure for this community 674 00:49:00,650 --> 00:49:02,485 right on the cusp of the war. 675 00:49:07,281 --> 00:49:10,868 Children in the camps were dressed up in Mickey Mouse costume, 676 00:49:11,661 --> 00:49:15,915 staging Mickey Mouse plays, drawing images of Mickey Mouse. 677 00:49:17,667 --> 00:49:23,089 There was actually a comic strip written by someone in the camps, 678 00:49:24,298 --> 00:49:28,469 which covered the daily life through the perspective of Mickey Mouse. 679 00:49:29,804 --> 00:49:36,394 And at the end, he erases Mickey and says, "Mickey's gone back to America." 680 00:49:36,477 --> 00:49:39,439 And the person who drew the comic strip was then killed. 681 00:49:41,065 --> 00:49:46,946 Mickey was in the Holocaust because Mickey represented the possibility of escape, 682 00:49:47,572 --> 00:49:49,532 of joy, of happiness. 683 00:49:50,116 --> 00:49:54,746 And those dictators understood very well that was not what they were offering. 684 00:49:57,540 --> 00:49:59,041 [snare drum playing] 685 00:50:02,420 --> 00:50:05,339 [Kern] We kind of have to think of Mickey as, like, before World War II 686 00:50:05,423 --> 00:50:06,841 and then after World War II. 687 00:50:06,924 --> 00:50:08,760 It's two very different careers. 688 00:50:11,345 --> 00:50:13,056 -Well, here we are, Pluto. -[barks] 689 00:50:13,139 --> 00:50:15,058 Boy, what a dream place. 690 00:50:15,141 --> 00:50:19,353 Come on, Your Highness. [chuckles] Utopia is yours. 691 00:50:19,437 --> 00:50:21,022 [barking] 692 00:50:21,564 --> 00:50:23,775 [birds chirping] 693 00:50:24,567 --> 00:50:26,778 [narrator] This migration to the suburbs, 694 00:50:26,861 --> 00:50:30,073 variously estimated as from 40 to 80 million people. 695 00:50:30,740 --> 00:50:33,743 [Nilsen] Many people complain about the post-war Mickeys 696 00:50:33,826 --> 00:50:37,830 being domesticated, but Walt Disney is a very different person. 697 00:50:38,498 --> 00:50:43,378 Walt has a suburban house, has a very set, conservative life, really. 698 00:50:44,712 --> 00:50:48,216 And he's a person now who's gone through nervous breakdowns, 699 00:50:48,299 --> 00:50:51,427 possibilities of financial ruin, a strike. 700 00:50:51,511 --> 00:50:53,513 He gets involved in HUAC 701 00:50:54,639 --> 00:50:57,100 and that changes the Mickey we know. 702 00:50:57,850 --> 00:51:02,313 It makes him a much more contained character than he was in the early years. 703 00:51:04,315 --> 00:51:07,235 And America is moving in that direction too. 704 00:51:09,320 --> 00:51:10,905 We don't want chaos. 705 00:51:12,990 --> 00:51:16,202 We wanna feel safe. We wanna feel familiar and protected. 706 00:51:16,285 --> 00:51:18,454 Okay, Pluto. Let's get our tree. 707 00:51:18,538 --> 00:51:19,580 [bells tinkling] 708 00:51:19,664 --> 00:51:22,333 -[seagulls squawking] -[Henn] 1953 was his last short, 709 00:51:22,417 --> 00:51:25,878 and I've heard him described as just being a little-- little man. 710 00:51:27,004 --> 00:51:30,091 [Goldberg] He acquired a decent house and a mortgage, 711 00:51:30,174 --> 00:51:34,303 and he just became your suburban mouse next door. 712 00:51:37,473 --> 00:51:40,393 [narrator 1] There is a continuing trend to more time off, 713 00:51:41,185 --> 00:51:43,062 which means more time to consume. 714 00:51:45,815 --> 00:51:48,317 [narrator 2] It's a completely new idea in automobiles. 715 00:51:48,401 --> 00:51:51,320 The daring, dazzling 1955 Rambler. 716 00:51:51,404 --> 00:51:55,491 Come on, Pluto, old boy. We're going to see the 1955 Nash. 717 00:51:56,242 --> 00:51:57,869 [Goldberg] When I first saw these, 718 00:51:57,952 --> 00:52:04,292 I did a complete double take that Mickey was even drawn this way. 719 00:52:04,375 --> 00:52:08,880 [narrator 2] The new 1955 Rambler offers complete year-round air conditioning. 720 00:52:08,963 --> 00:52:12,383 [Goldberg] They're sending the signals that Mickey and Minnie are married 721 00:52:12,467 --> 00:52:14,552 and they're driving in the front of the Nash Rambler, 722 00:52:14,635 --> 00:52:18,139 and there are their two kids sitting in the back. And it's like, "Wait a minute!" 723 00:52:18,222 --> 00:52:19,849 Live a little. 724 00:52:19,932 --> 00:52:21,350 Drive a Rambler. 725 00:52:21,851 --> 00:52:26,355 Apparently, they had made a few commercials before Walt saw them. 726 00:52:26,439 --> 00:52:30,068 What had happened was, a fan had written to him saying, 727 00:52:30,151 --> 00:52:32,653 "Dear Walt, what did you do with Mickey?" 728 00:52:32,737 --> 00:52:34,405 [laughs] 729 00:52:34,489 --> 00:52:39,869 And he found these commercials and looked at them and just went, "Stop! 730 00:52:39,952 --> 00:52:42,955 That's not Mickey. We're not doing that anymore." 731 00:52:43,039 --> 00:52:44,499 [laughs] 732 00:52:46,042 --> 00:52:47,335 [Norman] Walt was getting so busy 733 00:52:47,418 --> 00:52:50,213 that he didn't always have time to stop what he was doing 734 00:52:50,296 --> 00:52:52,924 and go to the soundstage and record Mickey's voice. 735 00:52:53,508 --> 00:52:57,428 And doing that falsetto voice of Mickey was becoming harder. 736 00:52:57,512 --> 00:53:00,306 He actually had to go to a doctor for the vocal strain. 737 00:53:04,936 --> 00:53:07,397 [Iwan as Mickey] ♪ Go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go ♪ 738 00:53:08,272 --> 00:53:09,273 [clears throat] 739 00:53:09,857 --> 00:53:11,150 -[Goldberg] Hi. -[normal] How are you? 740 00:53:11,234 --> 00:53:12,902 -Nice to meet ya. -Nice to meet you. 741 00:53:12,985 --> 00:53:14,278 Yeah. I'm excited to work on this. 742 00:53:14,362 --> 00:53:17,949 You know, you could-- you could do this for a living. You sound just like him. 743 00:53:18,032 --> 00:53:20,326 -I would hope to. Thanks. Thanks. -[laughs] 744 00:53:23,371 --> 00:53:25,039 [Goldberg] So, you've read the script. 745 00:53:25,123 --> 00:53:27,834 It's kind of a fanciful trip through Mickey's career. 746 00:53:27,917 --> 00:53:31,671 Uh, it starts with him walking through the halls of the animation studio 747 00:53:31,754 --> 00:53:35,800 and he's looking at his past glories on posters. 748 00:53:35,883 --> 00:53:39,095 So, why don't you go through it, and we'll see what we get. 749 00:53:39,679 --> 00:53:40,972 -[Iwan] All right. -Okay. 750 00:53:41,806 --> 00:53:43,266 [sound engineer] One. Take one. 751 00:53:43,349 --> 00:53:45,268 [as Mickey] Aw, there's Pluto. 752 00:53:45,351 --> 00:53:46,352 It's Minnie. 753 00:53:46,936 --> 00:53:48,855 [chuckles] Pete. 754 00:53:48,938 --> 00:53:51,774 [Goldberg] Try another one where you're just a little more casual, 755 00:53:51,858 --> 00:53:53,025 -a little slower. -Okay. 756 00:53:53,609 --> 00:53:55,570 [as Mickey] Hmm, hmm. 757 00:53:56,195 --> 00:53:58,614 Oh, I remember that. 758 00:53:59,198 --> 00:54:02,577 [Goldberg] Those are great. Try one more that's just a, "Hmm." 759 00:54:03,786 --> 00:54:07,331 Hmm. Hmm. Hmm. 760 00:54:07,415 --> 00:54:09,292 [normal] The responsibility is huge, 761 00:54:09,375 --> 00:54:12,754 because I'm just playing a part in continuing this legacy 762 00:54:12,837 --> 00:54:15,173 that started with Walt back in 1928. 763 00:54:15,673 --> 00:54:17,425 [as Mickey] Hey, Pluto. Here she comes. 764 00:54:17,508 --> 00:54:19,677 -[chuckles] Hi, folks. -Hi, folks! 765 00:54:19,761 --> 00:54:21,679 -This is Mickey. -I'm Mickey too. 766 00:54:21,763 --> 00:54:23,389 -You are? -I thought so. 767 00:54:23,473 --> 00:54:26,851 [Iwan] Jimmy Macdonald, the second voice of Mickey, told Wayne, 768 00:54:26,934 --> 00:54:30,104 "Remember, kid, you're only filling in for the boss." And that's how I look at it. 769 00:54:30,188 --> 00:54:32,315 [as Mickey] Come on. We gotta hurry. 770 00:54:32,398 --> 00:54:34,108 Come on. We gotta hurry. 771 00:54:34,192 --> 00:54:36,277 [laughs] Ah, gosh. 772 00:54:36,360 --> 00:54:38,696 [as Mickey] Gosh! Oh, gosh! 773 00:54:38,780 --> 00:54:40,615 [normal] I will never forget that, essentially, 774 00:54:40,698 --> 00:54:42,492 I'm emulating Walt's performance as Mickey. 775 00:54:42,575 --> 00:54:44,535 Hot dog! Hot dog! 776 00:54:44,619 --> 00:54:46,037 Hot dog! 777 00:54:46,120 --> 00:54:48,414 -[as Mickey] Hot dog! -[Goldberg] That last one. 778 00:54:48,498 --> 00:54:49,582 Yeah, nice. 779 00:54:50,333 --> 00:54:53,211 You know, the coal is floating around him like asteroids, 780 00:54:53,294 --> 00:54:55,338 -so he's trying to grab for them. -[Iwan] Uh-huh. 781 00:54:55,421 --> 00:54:56,923 [grunts as Mickey] 782 00:54:57,006 --> 00:54:58,132 Gotcha! 783 00:54:58,216 --> 00:54:59,425 Great. 784 00:55:02,053 --> 00:55:05,556 I'm sitting there and I'm listening to Bret doing the voice, and I'm thinking, 785 00:55:05,640 --> 00:55:09,477 "Oh, man. He's nailed it. [chuckling] He's really got him." 786 00:55:09,560 --> 00:55:14,649 And I hope that as well as Bret nails the voice, we nail the visuals. [laughs] 787 00:55:16,818 --> 00:55:19,946 Working on this short is kind of Mickey heaven 788 00:55:20,029 --> 00:55:23,449 because you get to play with all these different styles, 789 00:55:23,533 --> 00:55:26,244 as do the other animators who are working on it. 790 00:55:27,036 --> 00:55:32,917 So in this particular case, this is a Mickey from the 1950s. 791 00:55:33,626 --> 00:55:37,130 And this sequence was animated by John Lounsbery. 792 00:55:38,297 --> 00:55:39,882 And to be honest, 793 00:55:39,966 --> 00:55:44,679 this is the first time I've drawn a 1950s Johnny Lounsbery Mickey. 794 00:55:44,762 --> 00:55:49,016 [chuckling] So, you know, I'm learning as I go. 795 00:55:56,190 --> 00:55:58,067 [whoops] 796 00:55:58,860 --> 00:56:01,863 -Hi, partners! -[children] Hi, Mickey! 797 00:56:01,946 --> 00:56:02,989 [chuckles] 798 00:56:03,072 --> 00:56:06,951 Well, this here's our roundup day, so, uh, you all pretty nigh ready? 799 00:56:07,034 --> 00:56:09,162 -[children] Sure enough! -Sure enough. 800 00:56:09,245 --> 00:56:10,663 Then let's get on with it. 801 00:56:10,747 --> 00:56:15,585 [Kaufman] Most Hollywood producers were terrified of television. 802 00:56:16,377 --> 00:56:19,213 [announcer] Walt Disney and Mickey Mouse present 803 00:56:19,297 --> 00:56:20,798 The Mickey Mouse Club. 804 00:56:20,882 --> 00:56:24,719 Walt goes in the opposite direction and embraces television. 805 00:56:24,802 --> 00:56:26,804 ♪ ...K-E-Y M-O-U-S-E ♪ 806 00:56:26,888 --> 00:56:27,889 ♪ Mickey Mouse ♪ 807 00:56:27,972 --> 00:56:31,434 He relished the idea of getting into a new field like that. 808 00:56:31,517 --> 00:56:33,227 Hi, Mouseketeers. 809 00:56:33,311 --> 00:56:34,604 [all] Hi, Roy! 810 00:56:35,521 --> 00:56:37,106 What would you like to have me draw? 811 00:56:37,190 --> 00:56:38,399 Mickey Mouse. 812 00:56:38,483 --> 00:56:42,695 [Kaufman] It made it a lot easier to have this audience identification 813 00:56:42,779 --> 00:56:45,073 with a character that they had known for all those years 814 00:56:45,156 --> 00:56:46,824 and had become a part of their lives. 815 00:56:46,908 --> 00:56:50,495 ♪ M-I-C-K-E-Y M-O-U-S-E ♪ 816 00:56:50,578 --> 00:56:54,373 Once again, Mickey provided the momentum that made all of that possible. 817 00:56:54,457 --> 00:56:59,754 [Mouseketeers] Yay, Mickey! Yay, Mickey! 818 00:56:59,837 --> 00:57:02,298 Yay, Mickey Mouse Club! 819 00:57:03,508 --> 00:57:09,514 One, two, three, four, five, six, seven. 820 00:57:11,015 --> 00:57:14,477 [Kern] You know, Walt, I think, very quickly realized 821 00:57:14,560 --> 00:57:18,523 that the power of his creations had life beyond the walls of the studio. 822 00:57:19,190 --> 00:57:20,525 And he would get fan mail. 823 00:57:20,608 --> 00:57:22,985 People would ask, "How can I meet Mickey and Minnie?" 824 00:57:23,069 --> 00:57:24,070 Welcome. 825 00:57:24,654 --> 00:57:26,823 I guess you all know this little fella here. 826 00:57:27,573 --> 00:57:28,783 It's an old partnership. 827 00:57:29,742 --> 00:57:33,704 Mickey and I started out the first time many, many years ago. 828 00:57:34,539 --> 00:57:36,541 We've had a lot of our dreams come true. 829 00:57:37,166 --> 00:57:40,378 Now we want you to share with us our latest and greatest dream. 830 00:57:42,046 --> 00:57:43,715 That's it right here. 831 00:57:44,966 --> 00:57:46,259 Disneyland. 832 00:57:46,342 --> 00:57:48,511 [helicopter whirring] 833 00:57:51,764 --> 00:57:54,100 [crickets chirping] 834 00:57:54,934 --> 00:57:56,769 [Higginbotham] As soon as Walt starts on another path 835 00:57:56,853 --> 00:57:59,689 and focuses his interests on Disneyland, 836 00:57:59,772 --> 00:58:02,066 Mickey goes through a major transformation as well. 837 00:58:03,401 --> 00:58:07,447 He has to become the kind of icon that Walt is becoming. 838 00:58:09,031 --> 00:58:10,950 [Disney] Disneyland is your land. 839 00:58:14,162 --> 00:58:16,789 Here, age relives fond memories of the past, 840 00:58:18,040 --> 00:58:21,294 and here, youth may savor the challenge and promise of the future. 841 00:58:23,087 --> 00:58:24,922 [Higginbotham] There is something very personal 842 00:58:25,006 --> 00:58:28,801 about this whole quest that Walt is on. 843 00:58:28,885 --> 00:58:32,680 Returning to his own sense of being a child. 844 00:58:35,892 --> 00:58:40,188 And that Mickey Mouse, the character that existed in his head 845 00:58:40,271 --> 00:58:44,233 and then on paper, that existed on the big screen, 846 00:58:44,317 --> 00:58:48,571 could now be as close to every visitor at the park as it was to him. 847 00:58:49,155 --> 00:58:52,408 [narrator 1] That's Mickey Mouse, the inimitable little character 848 00:58:52,492 --> 00:58:56,329 that started this whole story with Walt Disney 25 years ago. 849 00:58:56,412 --> 00:58:57,789 [train whistle blows] 850 00:58:57,872 --> 00:59:01,125 [narrator 2] The real star of it is Mickey Mouse. 851 00:59:01,209 --> 00:59:02,960 [Smith] I think there's an aura of magic 852 00:59:03,044 --> 00:59:05,380 around Mickey Mouse that makes you feel safe. 853 00:59:06,589 --> 00:59:10,635 And I think within that bubble, you are safe. 854 00:59:18,351 --> 00:59:20,812 [Porter] Mickey connects generations. 855 00:59:25,191 --> 00:59:28,528 He connects our childhood memories to our adult memories. 856 00:59:31,030 --> 00:59:35,284 And so when you encounter Mickey in the park, you are not just you. 857 00:59:35,368 --> 00:59:37,495 You are six-year-old you, 858 00:59:39,038 --> 00:59:41,833 and you are 80-year-old you in the future. 859 00:59:44,210 --> 00:59:47,547 And you are with your grandmother, and you are with your grandchildren, 860 00:59:47,630 --> 00:59:51,384 and you are participating in a timeless moment. 861 01:00:00,935 --> 01:00:05,356 Mickey is the walking embodiment of Walt's philosophies. 862 01:00:05,440 --> 01:00:08,901 And you can meet him, still, in the persona of Mickey. 863 01:00:13,656 --> 01:00:16,325 [fan] I do remember, like, driving up to it 864 01:00:16,409 --> 01:00:19,954 and having that feeling that, like, this is where Mickey lives. 865 01:00:20,037 --> 01:00:22,165 Oh, this is a sacred space. 866 01:00:22,248 --> 01:00:23,708 It's like he made Disneyland. 867 01:00:23,791 --> 01:00:25,501 It's like he used magic to, like-- 868 01:00:25,585 --> 01:00:27,086 [imitates magical sound] 869 01:00:27,170 --> 01:00:29,172 At that time, I'm thinking he's like John Wayne 870 01:00:29,255 --> 01:00:30,798 or he's like a real, true movie star. 871 01:00:30,882 --> 01:00:32,133 He spent his money. 872 01:00:32,216 --> 01:00:34,552 He bought this so people could come visit him. 873 01:00:34,635 --> 01:00:36,137 And I actually got to meet him. 874 01:00:36,220 --> 01:00:38,806 -When I was five years old-- -Five years old. 875 01:00:38,890 --> 01:00:40,016 Maybe ten? 876 01:00:40,099 --> 01:00:44,771 When I saw him in Tokyo Disneyland, I really believe it's him. 877 01:00:44,854 --> 01:00:46,606 He's right down here. 878 01:00:46,689 --> 01:00:50,485 And actually, I think the sweetest one is me and Minnie down here. 879 01:00:50,568 --> 01:00:53,196 It's kind of a big deal when I see Mickey. 880 01:00:53,279 --> 01:00:55,990 My husband literally pushed me out of the way-- 881 01:00:56,074 --> 01:00:58,868 Pushed her out of the way so I could get to Mickey first. 882 01:00:58,951 --> 01:00:59,786 [laughs] 883 01:00:59,869 --> 01:01:02,497 Really happy when I got Mickey Mouse's signature. 884 01:01:03,081 --> 01:01:06,000 Thank you for all the times you were there for me. 885 01:01:06,501 --> 01:01:08,628 And you've always been my best friend. 886 01:01:09,128 --> 01:01:10,671 [fan] I resonate with Mickey so well 887 01:01:10,755 --> 01:01:14,509 because there's an undeniable piece of Walt's heart in Mickey Mouse. 888 01:01:24,519 --> 01:01:26,687 [interviewer] Can you still make a noise like Mickey Mouse? 889 01:01:27,271 --> 01:01:30,108 [as Mickey] Well, uh, Mickey used to talk something like this, you know? 890 01:01:30,191 --> 01:01:31,692 It's kind of a falsetto. 891 01:01:31,776 --> 01:01:35,655 Of course, he's an old mouse now and the falsetto's getting a little old. 892 01:01:35,738 --> 01:01:36,739 [normal] Yeah. 893 01:01:48,710 --> 01:01:52,255 [Norman] Working with Walt, nobody had any idea he was ill. 894 01:01:52,922 --> 01:01:55,341 Certainly not to the extent he was. 895 01:01:57,343 --> 01:02:00,763 We simply didn't see it coming. We never saw it coming. 896 01:02:06,352 --> 01:02:11,566 After Walt's death, his wife, Lillian, said that 897 01:02:11,649 --> 01:02:16,070 it was difficult for her to watch or listen to Mickey Mouse 898 01:02:17,572 --> 01:02:19,532 because there was so much of Walt in him. 899 01:02:34,922 --> 01:02:38,426 After his passing, they pretty much closed up the office. 900 01:02:41,220 --> 01:02:43,473 They'd go in and dust and-- and things like that, 901 01:02:43,556 --> 01:02:45,391 but it-- it looks just the way it did. 902 01:02:48,728 --> 01:02:51,397 We've tried to keep it as close to Walt as possible. 903 01:03:06,454 --> 01:03:08,706 [Norman] You know, with the passing of Walt, 904 01:03:08,790 --> 01:03:11,918 the studio honestly did not know what to do with Mickey. 905 01:03:13,711 --> 01:03:17,632 And for me as a Disney storyteller, it was kind of eye-opening. 906 01:03:20,760 --> 01:03:23,805 It almost seemed that they wanted to put the lid on Mickey. 907 01:03:28,142 --> 01:03:32,730 Because Walt's values, Walt's ideas would be frozen in time. 908 01:03:46,160 --> 01:03:48,121 The world changed. The culture changed. 909 01:03:49,997 --> 01:03:53,000 And Mickey hadn't really changed with it. 910 01:03:54,043 --> 01:03:56,504 [reporter 1] Even Mickey Mouse has troubles these days. 911 01:03:56,587 --> 01:03:59,966 A band of yippies threatened trouble in the park all day yesterday. 912 01:04:01,134 --> 01:04:04,595 [reporter 2] The yippies said they have come to liberate Mickey Mouse. 913 01:04:08,641 --> 01:04:12,395 [Norman] Mickey Mouse was still very much alive outside the Disney studio. 914 01:04:13,980 --> 01:04:16,774 [laughing] You know, you could not escape him. 915 01:04:20,111 --> 01:04:21,988 [Glenn] Just like America splits in the '60s, 916 01:04:22,071 --> 01:04:23,573 Mickey Mouse splits as well. 917 01:04:25,241 --> 01:04:27,285 There's kind of a surface meaning to him. 918 01:04:27,368 --> 01:04:30,079 But the more you look into him, the more you think about it, 919 01:04:30,163 --> 01:04:32,623 the more levels there are to this symbol. 920 01:04:34,542 --> 01:04:36,335 So there are two Mickeys now. 921 01:04:36,419 --> 01:04:38,796 Mainstream Mickey and counterculture Mickey. 922 01:04:39,338 --> 01:04:41,466 And those coexist in this one character. 923 01:04:43,843 --> 01:04:45,678 ["Life on Mars?" playing] 924 01:04:45,762 --> 01:04:48,931 ♪ It's on America's tortured brow ♪ 925 01:04:50,016 --> 01:04:52,769 ♪ That Mickey Mouse has grown up a cow ♪ 926 01:04:54,103 --> 01:04:56,939 ♪ Now the workers have struck for fame… ♪ 927 01:04:57,023 --> 01:04:58,816 [Glenn] Mickey becomes this irresistible symbol 928 01:04:58,900 --> 01:04:59,942 to the counterculture. 929 01:05:02,779 --> 01:05:06,949 So if you have an issue with your parents, with authority, with America in general, 930 01:05:07,033 --> 01:05:08,409 Mickey Mouse is your guy. 931 01:05:10,703 --> 01:05:13,831 What Mickey provided was inspiration. 932 01:05:15,374 --> 01:05:16,918 People were starting to use Mickey 933 01:05:17,001 --> 01:05:21,089 to reflect life around them in all sorts of different ways. 934 01:05:24,175 --> 01:05:27,387 And that really starts to deepen the character of Mickey Mouse. 935 01:05:31,182 --> 01:05:34,977 [Glaser] I don't know why things persist in people's minds and memories. 936 01:05:35,061 --> 01:05:37,605 Some things stick, some things don't. 937 01:05:38,189 --> 01:05:39,440 I forgot I did that. 938 01:05:39,524 --> 01:05:44,445 That was Mickey Mouse by Leonardo da Vinci. 939 01:05:46,406 --> 01:05:53,204 All significant art represents an attempt to understand reality. 940 01:05:57,125 --> 01:05:59,502 I was against the Vietnam War, 941 01:06:01,295 --> 01:06:07,051 and I thought we could do a little film on Mickey Mouse in Vietnam. 942 01:06:09,053 --> 01:06:12,306 I was looking for a symbol that would represent every man. 943 01:06:13,015 --> 01:06:15,476 And Mickey was sort of universal. 944 01:06:16,436 --> 01:06:18,855 And so much a part of the American ethos. 945 01:06:20,356 --> 01:06:23,359 Part of the factor was his innocence. 946 01:06:24,944 --> 01:06:29,031 By that point, Mickey really had become an emblem of what America stood for. 947 01:06:29,115 --> 01:06:30,575 [chattering] 948 01:06:30,658 --> 01:06:34,495 But America is changing during that time, and in that short film, 949 01:06:34,579 --> 01:06:38,374 Mickey somehow manages to be the perfect symbol for that change. 950 01:06:38,458 --> 01:06:40,585 Of innocence lost during that war. 951 01:06:41,836 --> 01:06:44,130 By that point, we're so identified with Mickey, 952 01:06:44,213 --> 01:06:48,384 Mickey is so close to us, that there's no other character or symbol 953 01:06:48,468 --> 01:06:50,511 that could sell that message so effectively. 954 01:06:51,888 --> 01:06:55,391 ♪ Boys and girls from far and near You're welcome as can be ♪ 955 01:06:55,475 --> 01:06:59,604 ♪ M-I-C-K-E-Y M-O-U-S-E ♪ 956 01:06:59,687 --> 01:07:01,981 -♪ Mickey Mouse ♪ -♪ Mickey Mouse ♪ 957 01:07:02,065 --> 01:07:04,275 -♪ Mickey Mouse ♪ -♪ Mickey Mouse ♪ 958 01:07:04,358 --> 01:07:07,737 Every version of Mickey is a version of all of us. 959 01:07:07,820 --> 01:07:10,573 It's a version of the society that we have all come from. 960 01:07:10,656 --> 01:07:12,700 [protestors singing] 961 01:07:12,784 --> 01:07:17,830 And in the 1960s, America began to ask questions about itself, 962 01:07:19,165 --> 01:07:23,669 questions that many had ignored, and that included Mickey Mouse. 963 01:07:26,089 --> 01:07:31,344 Just like Mickey's shorts in the '30s where Mickey's performing in blackface, 964 01:07:31,427 --> 01:07:34,013 popular forms of entertainment show 965 01:07:34,097 --> 01:07:38,226 America has been divided since the founding of this country. 966 01:07:41,396 --> 01:07:45,900 But it's difficult to see Mickey part of that conversation. 967 01:07:48,403 --> 01:07:52,490 It's a disconnection that happens as a viewer when I'm faced with that… 968 01:07:52,573 --> 01:07:54,659 [war whoops] 969 01:07:54,742 --> 01:07:56,577 …and those sorts of presentations. 970 01:07:58,454 --> 01:08:00,415 And then, of course, you have Minnie. 971 01:08:02,959 --> 01:08:06,796 [Nilsen] It's hard to watch those Mickey shorts with our eyes today. 972 01:08:07,880 --> 01:08:10,216 -But the last thing we wanna do… -Don't do that! 973 01:08:10,299 --> 01:08:13,052 …is to ignore, to hide, 974 01:08:13,136 --> 01:08:16,305 to somehow imagine those elements of our identity don't exist. 975 01:08:17,140 --> 01:08:19,684 That version of Mickey does exist. 976 01:08:20,184 --> 01:08:23,312 He speaks to the racism within our own society. 977 01:08:24,522 --> 01:08:26,315 [Higginbotham] It's easy to say, "It is what it is." 978 01:08:26,399 --> 01:08:29,402 It's easy to say that was just Walt being the man he was at the time. 979 01:08:30,445 --> 01:08:34,198 But given the cultural power that Walt had, 980 01:08:34,282 --> 01:08:38,494 some of the images he put out there with Mickey did damage. 981 01:08:40,288 --> 01:08:42,540 Mickey's supposed to love everybody. 982 01:08:44,709 --> 01:08:48,921 Clearly, in these moments, he's not loving all of us. 983 01:08:49,005 --> 01:08:50,840 He's not loving all of us. 984 01:08:52,633 --> 01:08:56,179 And here is Mickey's official 50th anniversary portrait. 985 01:08:56,262 --> 01:09:02,018 He's a little taller now. More grown-up. And, at the temples, just a touch of gray. 986 01:09:02,852 --> 01:09:08,775 ♪ Happy Birthday, dear Mickey ♪ 987 01:09:09,358 --> 01:09:12,111 [presenter] Mickey's physical appearance has changed somewhat 988 01:09:12,195 --> 01:09:15,198 since Walt Disney created the mouse back in 1928. 989 01:09:15,281 --> 01:09:18,367 And over the years, Mickey's tastes have changed as well. 990 01:09:18,868 --> 01:09:23,372 But Mickey Mouse seems to stay up with the times, and in the area of music, 991 01:09:23,456 --> 01:09:27,919 it is only natural that Mickey Mouse would eventually go disco. 992 01:09:28,002 --> 01:09:31,130 ♪ Let the dancing fever move him ♪ 993 01:09:31,214 --> 01:09:34,467 ♪ And he'll always bring down the house ♪ 994 01:09:34,550 --> 01:09:38,221 ♪ Disco Mickey Mouse ♪ 995 01:09:39,722 --> 01:09:43,684 Mickey is truly iconic in the sense that he cannot be beaten. 996 01:09:44,727 --> 01:09:47,230 So, yes, he's gonna have a disco album that's horrible 997 01:09:47,313 --> 01:09:50,108 and that comes two or three years after disco's peak. 998 01:09:50,191 --> 01:09:53,111 But it's still gonna be really popular and successful. 999 01:09:53,194 --> 01:09:56,697 [fan] I loved the Mickey Mouse Disco when I was younger. 1000 01:09:56,781 --> 01:09:58,825 And I would just, like, dance in my living room. 1001 01:09:58,908 --> 01:10:01,452 ♪ Watch out, watch out for Goofy Watch out for Goofy ♪ 1002 01:10:01,536 --> 01:10:02,537 That's cute. 1003 01:10:02,620 --> 01:10:03,746 [music ends] 1004 01:10:03,830 --> 01:10:07,583 [Glenn] But then on the other side, we see the punk appropriation of Mickey. 1005 01:10:07,667 --> 01:10:10,753 ♪ Mickey Mouse is dead Got kicked in the head ♪ 1006 01:10:10,837 --> 01:10:14,132 ♪ 'Cause people got too serious They planned out what they said… ♪ 1007 01:10:14,215 --> 01:10:17,176 And we see the Ramones wearing Mickey Mouse T-shirts. 1008 01:10:17,260 --> 01:10:18,594 What are they doing? 1009 01:10:21,472 --> 01:10:25,518 I, myself, and my friends, when we were into punk and skateboarding, 1010 01:10:25,601 --> 01:10:27,854 would wear Mickey Mouse T-shirts. 1011 01:10:27,937 --> 01:10:31,149 It was a mixture of, "I am making fun of something, 1012 01:10:31,232 --> 01:10:33,651 and I am also expressing admiration for something, 1013 01:10:33,735 --> 01:10:36,028 and my parents don't get that." 1014 01:10:36,529 --> 01:10:38,823 So it became kind of a secret language. 1015 01:10:46,164 --> 01:10:49,792 A lot of artists began to incorporate Mickey as a way of saying, 1016 01:10:49,876 --> 01:10:53,588 "If you're gonna flood the culture with this kind of imagery, 1017 01:10:53,671 --> 01:10:55,548 then it becomes ours at some point." 1018 01:11:05,433 --> 01:11:07,101 He becomes the super symbol. 1019 01:11:08,227 --> 01:11:09,771 [reporter] Mickey Mouse, we are told, 1020 01:11:09,854 --> 01:11:12,398 is one of the top three icons of the 20th century. 1021 01:11:12,482 --> 01:11:16,277 A distinction he shares with Adolf Hitler and the Coca-Cola bottle. 1022 01:11:16,360 --> 01:11:18,738 Andy Warhol lifted the image straight 1023 01:11:18,821 --> 01:11:21,657 as part of a series of screen prints entitled Myths. 1024 01:11:21,741 --> 01:11:24,660 Mickey Mouse is my favorite, uh, image 1025 01:11:24,744 --> 01:11:27,705 because, uh, Walt Disney is my favorite artist. 1026 01:11:29,749 --> 01:11:31,751 [music ends] 1027 01:11:31,834 --> 01:11:34,003 -[child 1] I'm Mickey Mouse. -[child 2] I'm Minnie Mouse. 1028 01:11:34,087 --> 01:11:35,505 [child 3] I'm Donald Duck. 1029 01:11:35,588 --> 01:11:36,631 [chattering] 1030 01:11:36,714 --> 01:11:38,257 [Norman] By the 1980s, 1031 01:11:38,341 --> 01:11:40,218 things were getting weird for Mickey Mouse, 1032 01:11:40,885 --> 01:11:47,058 because he had become almost this divine figure that you didn't mess with. 1033 01:11:47,642 --> 01:11:49,227 [reporter 1] Recently, The Walt Disney Company 1034 01:11:49,310 --> 01:11:51,979 heard about the painted characters at this day care center 1035 01:11:52,063 --> 01:11:54,565 and two others in Hallandale, Florida. 1036 01:11:54,649 --> 01:11:57,318 [reporter 2] Disney now demanding the removal of all its characters. 1037 01:11:57,402 --> 01:12:00,613 The company charging unauthorized infringement of its rights 1038 01:12:00,696 --> 01:12:02,407 under the US Copyright Act. 1039 01:12:03,825 --> 01:12:06,452 [reporter 3] Do you know what they're going to do to Mickey Mouse? 1040 01:12:06,536 --> 01:12:08,955 -What? -They're gonna take him away. 1041 01:12:10,248 --> 01:12:13,000 [reporter 4] Despite their objections, the day care centers say 1042 01:12:13,084 --> 01:12:15,712 they'll have to paint over the cartoon characters 1043 01:12:15,795 --> 01:12:18,840 because they can't fight the power of the corporate mouse. 1044 01:12:20,007 --> 01:12:22,677 Our legal protection of Mickey has inevitably led 1045 01:12:22,760 --> 01:12:26,597 to some uncomfortable situations over the course of the company's history. 1046 01:12:27,557 --> 01:12:30,518 I wouldn't say that we've handled every situation perfectly, 1047 01:12:30,601 --> 01:12:34,522 but there's really no precedent for a creation like this 1048 01:12:34,605 --> 01:12:36,274 when it comes to copyright. 1049 01:12:36,357 --> 01:12:38,568 Mickey's one of the most popular characters in the world, 1050 01:12:38,651 --> 01:12:41,487 and there's really no question that we've had to learn as we go. 1051 01:12:43,823 --> 01:12:45,825 Disney's been very protective of Mickey, 1052 01:12:46,367 --> 01:12:49,662 and it's interesting to think about how Walt's own experience 1053 01:12:49,746 --> 01:12:54,459 of losing Oswald early on helps to define the trajectory of the studio. 1054 01:12:54,542 --> 01:12:58,838 You signed this contract. See this signature there? Walt Disney. 1055 01:12:58,921 --> 01:13:03,092 Right here it says that we own Oswald the Rabbit. 1056 01:13:03,176 --> 01:13:04,218 [chuckles] 1057 01:13:04,302 --> 01:13:07,889 [Cline] Disney as a company was created out of tremendous loss, 1058 01:13:08,765 --> 01:13:12,727 and I think that will give some context to why the company 1059 01:13:12,810 --> 01:13:15,188 has defended Mickey so carefully over the years. 1060 01:13:16,939 --> 01:13:20,359 And we understand that copyright is a part of the Mickey Mouse story. 1061 01:13:21,444 --> 01:13:24,822 The challenging thing is that from a practical perspective, 1062 01:13:24,906 --> 01:13:28,409 your copyright is only as good as your ability to enforce it. 1063 01:13:29,535 --> 01:13:33,164 It's a balance and one that we continually work to get right. 1064 01:13:36,084 --> 01:13:39,837 I am wholeheartedly against the infringement of copyright. 1065 01:13:39,921 --> 01:13:42,715 So much so, that I had that phrase trademarked, 1066 01:13:42,799 --> 01:13:45,802 and then I had it emblazoned on a Mickey Mouse doll. 1067 01:13:45,885 --> 01:13:47,553 [audience laughing, cheering] 1068 01:13:49,680 --> 01:13:53,684 Where does something this big and this important to society 1069 01:13:53,768 --> 01:13:56,396 become just owned by society? 1070 01:13:56,479 --> 01:13:59,649 There is a level of Mickey that, you know, we all own. 1071 01:13:59,732 --> 01:14:04,195 Disney the company was very strict about copyright and legal issues, 1072 01:14:04,278 --> 01:14:07,865 but I never personally associated it with Mickey himself. 1073 01:14:07,949 --> 01:14:10,159 There's the ambassador-of-the-company Mickey, 1074 01:14:10,243 --> 01:14:13,329 and then there is that little more rambunctious nature of Mickey. 1075 01:14:13,413 --> 01:14:15,873 There are two Mickeys, 'cause like anybody else would, 1076 01:14:15,957 --> 01:14:19,377 Mickey has to act a little bit differently in different environments. 1077 01:14:21,295 --> 01:14:23,673 And how do you not love Mickey's Christmas Carol? 1078 01:14:23,756 --> 01:14:24,757 You know that-- that-- 1079 01:14:24,841 --> 01:14:28,010 The soul of Mickey in that movie is still the pure soul of the film. 1080 01:14:31,806 --> 01:14:33,599 [narrator] Walt Disney Studios. 1081 01:14:33,683 --> 01:14:38,146 Home to characters and stories spun from pure cinematic magic. 1082 01:14:38,229 --> 01:14:40,773 But up until 1983, 1083 01:14:40,857 --> 01:14:44,152 the Disney character who started the whole enchanted operation 1084 01:14:44,235 --> 01:14:46,487 hadn't made a movie in 30 years. 1085 01:14:46,571 --> 01:14:47,572 [squawks] 1086 01:14:51,284 --> 01:14:52,744 [Mattinson] When we created the picture, 1087 01:14:52,827 --> 01:14:57,832 there was, amongst us, a sense that we-- we were gonna be able to bring him back. 1088 01:15:01,085 --> 01:15:04,130 [stammers] G-g-g-good morning, Mr. Scrooge. 1089 01:15:04,213 --> 01:15:07,133 [Gerstein] Mickey's Christmas Carol was heralded as Mickey's great comeback. 1090 01:15:08,217 --> 01:15:09,886 But it's really a Scrooge McDuck cartoon. 1091 01:15:09,969 --> 01:15:11,345 What are you doing? 1092 01:15:12,472 --> 01:15:16,100 [chuckles] I was just trying to keep my hands warm, sir. 1093 01:15:18,144 --> 01:15:21,022 [Henn] Some of the top people that used to work here have done Mickey 1094 01:15:21,105 --> 01:15:23,775 and, uh, you know, things were pretty well established 1095 01:15:23,858 --> 01:15:26,778 as far as what kind of a character, you know, he is. 1096 01:15:28,738 --> 01:15:33,534 There was a sense that there was a little bit of a fear, I think, 1097 01:15:33,618 --> 01:15:35,036 that the studio had with Mickey 1098 01:15:35,119 --> 01:15:40,124 'cause they didn't want to do something that failed. 1099 01:15:40,208 --> 01:15:41,459 [applause] 1100 01:15:41,542 --> 01:15:44,003 He was our corporate symbol. 1101 01:15:44,837 --> 01:15:48,591 So it would've been really difficult if Mickey's a flop. 1102 01:15:48,674 --> 01:15:52,178 [narrator] Like Walt always said, it all started with a mouse. 1103 01:15:52,261 --> 01:15:54,597 [Henn] So they kind of became very careful 1104 01:15:54,680 --> 01:15:57,683 about what projects Mickey was involved with. 1105 01:15:58,226 --> 01:16:00,228 [scatting] 1106 01:16:01,521 --> 01:16:02,980 Oh! Huh. 1107 01:16:03,064 --> 01:16:04,357 Aw, Minnie and I… 1108 01:16:04,440 --> 01:16:07,527 [Goldberg] It's both an honor and a challenge 1109 01:16:07,610 --> 01:16:09,821 to animate Mickey in the present day. 1110 01:16:09,904 --> 01:16:11,322 Hey! 1111 01:16:12,657 --> 01:16:15,868 You've got this big weight on your shoulders… [laughing] 1112 01:16:15,952 --> 01:16:18,121 …like, "I'd better not louse it up." 1113 01:16:19,872 --> 01:16:24,961 But, you know, I just look at it as a continuum. 1114 01:16:25,837 --> 01:16:28,589 I mean, here we are almost a hundred years later, 1115 01:16:28,673 --> 01:16:32,343 and we're in the final week of animating this new short. 1116 01:16:33,177 --> 01:16:36,973 You know, we're still drawing him, we're still talking about him. 1117 01:16:37,932 --> 01:16:40,810 After all the things that Mickey has been through… 1118 01:16:41,769 --> 01:16:43,104 he's still here. 1119 01:16:46,232 --> 01:16:47,567 [reporter 1] The Disney name evoked 1120 01:16:47,650 --> 01:16:50,194 some of the happiest and most endearing memories 1121 01:16:50,278 --> 01:16:54,365 in entertainment, but in recent years, some of that luster has dimmed. 1122 01:16:54,449 --> 01:16:57,118 Even with that legacy and with those assets, 1123 01:16:57,201 --> 01:17:00,455 everyone would acknowledge something was wrong. 1124 01:17:00,538 --> 01:17:02,248 [reporter 2] What do you think about Mickey Mouse? 1125 01:17:02,331 --> 01:17:03,624 He's okay, but… 1126 01:17:03,708 --> 01:17:07,378 I like Goofy. And Minnie and Goofy. 1127 01:17:08,629 --> 01:17:12,425 [Higginbotham] In attempting to interact with as many people as possible, 1128 01:17:12,508 --> 01:17:13,885 Mickey seems lost. 1129 01:17:14,886 --> 01:17:17,096 He's hollow. There's-- There's nothing there. 1130 01:17:17,680 --> 01:17:20,224 [reporter] Look in the dictionary. What a definition! 1131 01:17:20,308 --> 01:17:24,103 "Unimportant. Trivial. Irritatingly petty." 1132 01:17:24,187 --> 01:17:28,357 Let Fredo take care of some Mickey Mouse nightclub somewhere! 1133 01:17:29,192 --> 01:17:31,110 [Birnkrant] Do I like new Mickey Mouse? 1134 01:17:31,652 --> 01:17:34,655 Would I sing the Mouseketeer Club song? 1135 01:17:35,239 --> 01:17:37,575 No. No, I'm not a fan of Mickey. 1136 01:17:38,534 --> 01:17:41,370 [Kimball] This is the Mickey that you see today. 1137 01:17:41,454 --> 01:17:44,040 He has nice puffed-out cheeks. 1138 01:17:44,123 --> 01:17:46,542 In other words, all the kids think he looks cute. 1139 01:17:48,086 --> 01:17:49,837 [anchor] Guess who's moving to Japan? 1140 01:17:49,921 --> 01:17:52,590 America's best-known mouse, Mickey. 1141 01:17:53,341 --> 01:17:55,176 [reporter] Not only was Mickey mobbed 1142 01:17:55,259 --> 01:17:56,928 but so was the store selling his ears. 1143 01:17:57,011 --> 01:18:00,139 Fresh supplies had to be flown in after the hats sold out. 1144 01:18:00,723 --> 01:18:03,601 [Kimball] Mickey stands for Disneyland 1145 01:18:03,684 --> 01:18:06,437 the place where they can go and have all this fun. 1146 01:18:07,688 --> 01:18:08,815 And spend money. 1147 01:18:09,524 --> 01:18:11,567 [announcer] We don't just sell Disney. 1148 01:18:11,651 --> 01:18:13,111 We are Disney. 1149 01:18:14,112 --> 01:18:16,781 Mickey in one word? Uh… 1150 01:18:18,282 --> 01:18:19,534 Consumerism. 1151 01:18:20,660 --> 01:18:23,454 I'm the mascot of an evil corporation. [laughs] 1152 01:18:27,959 --> 01:18:29,252 [Mickey] Take the good with the bad. 1153 01:18:29,335 --> 01:18:31,421 Think of all the laughs I've given you. 1154 01:18:32,004 --> 01:18:34,048 You're supposed to be funny? 1155 01:18:34,132 --> 01:18:36,092 -[laughter] -Yeah. 1156 01:18:49,605 --> 01:18:52,233 I think we confused people. 1157 01:18:52,316 --> 01:18:56,738 So that, in 2005, when you asked people, uh, who Mickey Mouse was, 1158 01:18:57,363 --> 01:18:58,573 they typically would say 1159 01:18:58,656 --> 01:19:01,993 he's a corporate symbol of The Walt Disney Company. 1160 01:19:04,287 --> 01:19:09,792 I'm not sure people really knew who Mickey was or what Mickey was 1161 01:19:09,876 --> 01:19:12,545 because Mickey had been so many different things 1162 01:19:12,628 --> 01:19:14,005 and not necessarily all good. 1163 01:19:14,088 --> 01:19:16,674 -[Mickey] What's that? You want some more? -[children] Hey! 1164 01:19:16,758 --> 01:19:18,509 [Mickey] Who's the mouse that's got the groove? 1165 01:19:18,593 --> 01:19:21,054 [Iger] He was looked upon, I think, as commerce versus art. 1166 01:19:23,014 --> 01:19:24,182 Not quite heartless, 1167 01:19:24,265 --> 01:19:30,688 but he didn't have enough of the identity that Walt created for him originally. 1168 01:19:30,772 --> 01:19:31,856 [Mickey whistling] 1169 01:19:35,735 --> 01:19:38,571 The last thing Walt would've wanted would've been for Mickey 1170 01:19:38,654 --> 01:19:42,241 to remain as he was or to be stuck in some museum case. 1171 01:19:42,867 --> 01:19:46,871 So, we began a process to bring Mickey forward. 1172 01:19:48,790 --> 01:19:50,583 Most people, when they thought of Mickey, 1173 01:19:50,666 --> 01:19:54,212 besides being a corporate icon, felt that Mickey was old. 1174 01:19:55,129 --> 01:19:57,757 We asked people, "How old do you think Mickey is?" 1175 01:19:57,840 --> 01:20:00,426 And everybody said, "Well, he's over sixty-five." 1176 01:20:01,677 --> 01:20:04,430 And there had been very little content made 1177 01:20:04,514 --> 01:20:06,933 with Mickey in it for quite some time. 1178 01:20:08,059 --> 01:20:11,187 We prevented anyone innovating with the character 1179 01:20:11,270 --> 01:20:14,690 or anyone even trying to return Mickey to his former self. 1180 01:20:15,483 --> 01:20:18,903 We thought we owed it to ourselves and to the character 1181 01:20:18,986 --> 01:20:22,031 to engage with all sectors of the company. 1182 01:20:22,907 --> 01:20:25,243 And that led to what we called a bake-off. 1183 01:20:25,326 --> 01:20:28,704 We let each of the entities present to us 1184 01:20:28,788 --> 01:20:32,417 a fresh version of Mickey Mouse that everybody could love again. 1185 01:20:33,084 --> 01:20:36,003 At first, I was like, "Well, gosh. It sure would be cool 1186 01:20:36,087 --> 01:20:40,299 to just make Mickey Mouse shorts, but they're not gonna let me do that." 1187 01:20:43,010 --> 01:20:46,806 It was a very interesting time. For me, it was like, 1188 01:20:46,889 --> 01:20:48,307 "He doesn't need to be a shill. 1189 01:20:48,391 --> 01:20:52,937 He can go back to the time when he was really active and happy." 1190 01:20:54,439 --> 01:20:57,608 But I felt like Mickey himself had forgotten his roots. 1191 01:20:57,692 --> 01:20:59,026 Forgotten where he came from. 1192 01:20:59,861 --> 01:21:03,406 [Rudish] Disney had this bible of what Mickey is and isn't, 1193 01:21:03,489 --> 01:21:07,535 the dos and don'ts, and they decided not to show me that. 1194 01:21:08,578 --> 01:21:12,582 [Spector] I wanted to remind him that he wasn't just a corporate symbol, 1195 01:21:12,665 --> 01:21:15,001 that he wasn't just a greeter in the parks, 1196 01:21:15,835 --> 01:21:18,212 that he was a cartoon character too. 1197 01:21:24,510 --> 01:21:27,388 [Green] The bake-off ultimately led to 1198 01:21:27,472 --> 01:21:30,308 a whole new era of storytelling with Mickey. 1199 01:21:30,391 --> 01:21:32,185 [as Mickey] Hang on, pal. Here we go. 1200 01:21:32,769 --> 01:21:35,772 Holy moly! It's Mickey Mouse! 1201 01:21:35,855 --> 01:21:36,856 [chattering] 1202 01:21:36,939 --> 01:21:38,066 [trumpets blaring] 1203 01:21:39,400 --> 01:21:42,487 [Iger] They wanted to restore Mickey to his glory and make sure, 1204 01:21:42,570 --> 01:21:44,947 because Mickey didn't take himself too seriously, 1205 01:21:45,031 --> 01:21:47,033 we weren't taking Mickey so seriously. 1206 01:21:47,116 --> 01:21:48,117 [humming] 1207 01:21:48,201 --> 01:21:49,202 [whoops] 1208 01:21:49,285 --> 01:21:52,080 [fan] The new shorts actually, that version of Mickey, to me, 1209 01:21:52,163 --> 01:21:55,833 is the first time I've seen that kind of truest version of him in a long time. 1210 01:21:55,917 --> 01:21:58,252 I'm coming, Minnie! 1211 01:21:58,336 --> 01:21:59,545 Fire, fire, fire! 1212 01:21:59,629 --> 01:22:01,422 He's, like, coming into his personality. 1213 01:22:01,506 --> 01:22:04,425 He's not holding back. The sky is the limit for him. 1214 01:22:06,010 --> 01:22:07,929 [Rudish] He's still allowed to be a goober 1215 01:22:08,012 --> 01:22:12,558 and still allowed to be sad and happy and angry. All of it. 1216 01:22:12,642 --> 01:22:14,143 [slow music playing on radio] 1217 01:22:15,269 --> 01:22:16,646 Get back here! 1218 01:22:17,897 --> 01:22:21,442 It's been fun to see kids going, "Wow! These are actually funny!" 1219 01:22:21,526 --> 01:22:22,527 [chuckles] 1220 01:22:24,570 --> 01:22:27,782 [Iger] How do you balance the heritage that created the character, 1221 01:22:27,865 --> 01:22:31,994 that created the company, with the need to be innovative and modern? 1222 01:22:32,078 --> 01:22:36,916 The trick is to respect the past but not revere it. 1223 01:22:43,631 --> 01:22:45,007 Hello. 1224 01:22:45,091 --> 01:22:46,092 [screams] 1225 01:22:47,385 --> 01:22:49,387 Oh, my gosh. Red! 1226 01:22:49,470 --> 01:22:53,224 [MacMullan] There's only really one Mickey I want to see. 1227 01:22:53,307 --> 01:22:56,060 And that's that old-time Mickey. 1228 01:22:56,144 --> 01:22:57,145 -Mickey! -Minnie! 1229 01:22:57,228 --> 01:22:59,814 When he came out of the screen, we didn't want him to feel like, 1230 01:23:00,314 --> 01:23:02,900 "Oh, he's the new Mickey." We wanted him to feel like, 1231 01:23:02,984 --> 01:23:05,945 "This is Mickey, just outside of his black-and-white screen." 1232 01:23:06,988 --> 01:23:09,365 There was a moment on the film when we were like, 1233 01:23:09,449 --> 01:23:16,456 "Wait. So, all the characters are running in and out of the screen from 2D to CG, 1234 01:23:16,539 --> 01:23:19,250 and they loop, like, six or seven times?" 1235 01:23:19,333 --> 01:23:20,668 And Lauren's like, "Yeah!" 1236 01:23:20,752 --> 01:23:21,753 And we're like… 1237 01:23:23,254 --> 01:23:25,048 "Okay." [laughs] 1238 01:23:26,174 --> 01:23:29,385 I think that's something that Walt established early on 1239 01:23:29,469 --> 01:23:30,970 where you just-- You never say no. 1240 01:23:31,054 --> 01:23:33,389 You always push boundaries. You're always innovating. 1241 01:23:33,473 --> 01:23:34,849 [all scream] 1242 01:23:34,932 --> 01:23:37,810 He would've had us in hologram animation by now. 1243 01:23:39,353 --> 01:23:41,564 [Goldberg] In the same way that the parks 1244 01:23:41,647 --> 01:23:44,317 and the walk-arounds keep the characters alive, 1245 01:23:45,234 --> 01:23:48,780 new animation helps keep them alive. 1246 01:23:49,447 --> 01:23:53,785 And pencil to paper is the way that Mickey started. 1247 01:23:53,868 --> 01:23:57,538 And, in many cases, it's the way he looks the best. 1248 01:24:03,878 --> 01:24:05,630 Well, I just got the short back. 1249 01:24:06,506 --> 01:24:08,341 [birds chirping] 1250 01:24:08,424 --> 01:24:11,719 The thing that I'm really happiest about in this piece is 1251 01:24:11,803 --> 01:24:13,888 that when you see it all cut together-- 1252 01:24:14,722 --> 01:24:18,267 you know, all the Mickeys, all in one short film-- 1253 01:24:19,227 --> 01:24:23,356 it really does feel like the Mickey that we all love. 1254 01:24:24,565 --> 01:24:26,692 -Good to see you guys! -Good to see you. 1255 01:24:26,776 --> 01:24:27,985 Good to see you. 1256 01:24:28,069 --> 01:24:29,404 This is gonna be cool. 1257 01:24:29,487 --> 01:24:31,322 [Haycock] Everything looks better in this theater. 1258 01:24:31,406 --> 01:24:33,408 -[all laughing] -[Goldberg] Yeah, I think it does. 1259 01:24:33,491 --> 01:24:36,244 You know, if Walt and Ub are watching, 1260 01:24:36,911 --> 01:24:43,751 I'd like to think we did our darndest to honor them and honor their creation. 1261 01:24:44,460 --> 01:24:46,462 [birds chirping] 1262 01:24:48,005 --> 01:24:50,007 [scatting] 1263 01:24:51,467 --> 01:24:52,635 Oh! Huh. 1264 01:24:53,428 --> 01:24:54,595 Mm-hmm. 1265 01:24:54,679 --> 01:24:56,222 Oh. [chuckles] And there's Pluto. 1266 01:24:57,014 --> 01:24:58,391 Aw, Minnie and I. 1267 01:25:00,226 --> 01:25:03,229 Wow. That one sure gave me a workout. 1268 01:25:03,896 --> 01:25:04,897 Hey! 1269 01:25:04,981 --> 01:25:06,983 [orchestral music playing] 1270 01:25:12,321 --> 01:25:14,824 ♪ M-I-C-K-E-Y M-O-U... ♪ 1271 01:25:16,284 --> 01:25:17,285 [shouts] 1272 01:25:20,163 --> 01:25:21,998 Whoo! Whoo! 1273 01:25:26,377 --> 01:25:27,754 [groaning] 1274 01:25:36,804 --> 01:25:38,556 Oh! Gosh. [chuckles] 1275 01:25:40,433 --> 01:25:41,434 [music ends] 1276 01:25:41,517 --> 01:25:42,518 [grunts] 1277 01:25:43,144 --> 01:25:44,687 Well… [chuckles] …what do you know? 1278 01:25:46,439 --> 01:25:47,857 Okay, roll it! 1279 01:25:48,649 --> 01:25:50,026 Whoa! 1280 01:25:50,610 --> 01:25:51,819 [Haycock] Yeah, that's it. 1281 01:25:51,903 --> 01:25:53,071 [Henn] All right. 1282 01:25:54,947 --> 01:25:56,949 [Goldberg] You guys did a great job. 1283 01:25:57,033 --> 01:25:59,368 -Absolutely great. -Thank you. It was fun. A lot of fun. 1284 01:25:59,452 --> 01:26:01,079 Walt would be proud. 1285 01:26:01,162 --> 01:26:03,206 -I hope so. -[laughs] 1286 01:26:04,832 --> 01:26:05,875 Can we run it again? 1287 01:26:05,958 --> 01:26:06,959 [technician] Yeah. 1288 01:26:08,378 --> 01:26:09,879 [wind howling] 1289 01:26:14,467 --> 01:26:17,303 [Iger] Everybody used to say, "What would Walt think?" 1290 01:26:17,970 --> 01:26:20,056 I actually think about that a lot. 1291 01:26:22,767 --> 01:26:25,561 Walt would say, "Never lose sight of the fact 1292 01:26:25,645 --> 01:26:27,355 that it was all started with a mouse." 1293 01:26:27,438 --> 01:26:31,317 But before Mickey Mouse, it all started with Walt Disney. 1294 01:26:32,151 --> 01:26:34,445 [birds chirping] 1295 01:26:41,536 --> 01:26:45,456 [Malins] One thing that Walt kept in his office right until the end 1296 01:26:46,082 --> 01:26:50,211 was a hand-drawn map of the farm here in Marceline. 1297 01:26:57,385 --> 01:27:02,598 And I-- I really like the idea that even at the end of his life, 1298 01:27:02,682 --> 01:27:08,646 Walt was still thinking about that tree where he first felt that spark. 1299 01:27:17,238 --> 01:27:19,782 [chattering] 1300 01:27:25,037 --> 01:27:27,749 [Spector] Mickey is a thing we all share. 1301 01:27:28,833 --> 01:27:30,543 There aren't many of those around. 1302 01:27:31,252 --> 01:27:32,295 [cheering] 1303 01:27:32,378 --> 01:27:33,379 [laughing] 1304 01:27:33,463 --> 01:27:39,260 He's grown into a necessary character for us. 1305 01:27:39,761 --> 01:27:42,930 ♪ Who's the leader of the club ♪ 1306 01:27:43,014 --> 01:27:47,226 ♪ That's made for you and me? ♪ 1307 01:27:47,310 --> 01:27:50,605 Whenever I did chemo, I had to have my Mickey Mouse shorts. 1308 01:27:50,688 --> 01:27:54,067 And this dark and dreary moment that I was in-- 1309 01:27:54,650 --> 01:27:56,402 I found a little hope, you know? 1310 01:27:56,486 --> 01:27:59,405 And I feel like that's who Mickey Mouse is. 1311 01:28:01,824 --> 01:28:05,328 When I was 13, I was granted a Make-A-Wish. 1312 01:28:05,411 --> 01:28:09,916 Then seeing Mickey, he just brought, like, this, um, happiness out of me, 1313 01:28:09,999 --> 01:28:14,003 and, like, made me, uh, remember that I was still a child. 1314 01:28:14,087 --> 01:28:15,421 [chattering] 1315 01:28:15,505 --> 01:28:16,589 [laughing] 1316 01:28:24,597 --> 01:28:26,724 [Norman] That magical spark… 1317 01:28:27,850 --> 01:28:30,728 I felt it and never forgot it. 1318 01:28:32,355 --> 01:28:33,898 [child] Bye, Mickey! 1319 01:28:33,981 --> 01:28:37,193 [Norman] At this point, I think Mickey is us. 1320 01:28:37,276 --> 01:28:38,986 [laughs] 1321 01:28:39,070 --> 01:28:43,533 So, wherever we're headed next, he's coming with us. 1322 01:29:07,640 --> 01:29:11,060 [fan 1] I love that Disney hides Mickey Mouses everywhere. 1323 01:29:11,644 --> 01:29:13,980 [fan 2] All over the park or any sort of property. 1324 01:29:15,148 --> 01:29:16,941 [Norman] It's a little secret way of saying, 1325 01:29:17,024 --> 01:29:18,943 "Thank you, Mickey. You still belong here." 1326 01:29:20,945 --> 01:29:23,573 [fan 1] And the cool thing about it is, it doesn't stop there. 1327 01:29:23,656 --> 01:29:25,950 You'll leave, and then in real life, 1328 01:29:26,033 --> 01:29:28,995 you'll just notice Mickey heads everywhere. 1329 01:29:30,079 --> 01:29:31,080 It's like, "Oh, my gosh. 1330 01:29:31,164 --> 01:29:33,499 Okay, wait a minute. Mickey, are you-- are you speaking to me? 1331 01:29:33,583 --> 01:29:36,127 Are you communicating to me? What is happening here? 1332 01:29:36,210 --> 01:29:37,837 Why am I seeing you everywhere?" 1333 01:29:37,920 --> 01:29:39,088 [laughs]