1 00:00:27,361 --> 00:00:29,296 Ella, I know you wanna say it. 2 00:00:29,396 --> 00:00:30,397 Go ahead. 3 00:00:30,497 --> 00:00:31,933 I'm not gonna say it. 4 00:00:32,032 --> 00:00:32,800 But you wanna? 5 00:00:32,901 --> 00:00:33,801 Yeah, I do. 6 00:00:33,902 --> 00:00:35,537 I know. Go ahead. 7 00:00:35,637 --> 00:00:36,804 I told you so. 8 00:00:36,905 --> 00:00:37,772 See? Always with the 9 00:00:37,872 --> 00:00:38,640 "I told you so." 10 00:00:38,773 --> 00:00:40,407 'Cause I told you so 11 00:00:41,174 --> 00:00:43,011 You's right this time. 12 00:00:43,176 --> 00:00:44,579 What you mean, "this time"? 13 00:00:44,679 --> 00:00:46,113 I'm always right. 14 00:00:46,346 --> 00:00:47,080 Aight, aight, I got you. 15 00:00:47,180 --> 00:00:48,115 Calm down, calm down 16 00:00:48,215 --> 00:00:48,950 Aight, so get your little candy 17 00:00:49,049 --> 00:00:49,817 or whatever. 18 00:00:49,918 --> 00:00:50,552 And call me back. 19 00:00:50,652 --> 00:00:51,451 Aight. 20 00:00:56,524 --> 00:00:57,424 Hey. 21 00:01:02,195 --> 00:01:04,131 Three fifty. 22 00:01:30,490 --> 00:01:32,994 Like, I don't know, some... Oh, oh, oh... 23 00:01:33,093 --> 00:01:34,028 You know, like, breakfast. 24 00:01:34,127 --> 00:01:35,029 Okay, breakfast. 25 00:01:35,128 --> 00:01:35,897 I like me some eggs... 26 00:01:35,997 --> 00:01:37,097 You like grits, berries. 27 00:01:37,197 --> 00:01:37,966 I got you. 28 00:01:38,066 --> 00:01:39,232 You got me? 29 00:01:39,333 --> 00:01:40,367 I don't know if I want... You like berries? 30 00:01:40,467 --> 00:01:42,003 What you be eating berries with pancakes? 31 00:01:42,102 --> 00:01:43,004 Yeah, I eat berries 32 00:01:43,103 --> 00:01:44,204 with pancakes. 33 00:01:44,338 --> 00:01:45,439 Like blueberry pancakes. That's so bomb. 34 00:01:45,573 --> 00:01:47,140 See, okay. We've gotta have fun. 35 00:01:47,240 --> 00:01:47,875 We gotta do our own thing. 36 00:01:47,976 --> 00:01:48,843 I feel like... 37 00:01:48,943 --> 00:01:49,777 We gotta do our own thing. 38 00:01:49,877 --> 00:01:51,045 It's gonna be amazing. 39 00:01:51,144 --> 00:01:52,145 I'm really excited... 40 00:02:00,922 --> 00:02:01,756 Tray? 41 00:02:01,856 --> 00:02:02,957 Hey, I think... 42 00:02:03,057 --> 00:02:04,759 I think this car's following me. 43 00:02:04,859 --> 00:02:06,961 What? For real? 44 00:02:07,160 --> 00:02:07,929 It keeps looping 45 00:02:08,029 --> 00:02:09,030 around the block. 46 00:02:09,129 --> 00:02:11,666 Dang. Try goin' another way. 47 00:02:13,233 --> 00:02:14,736 Call me when you get home, okay? 48 00:02:14,836 --> 00:02:15,837 All right. 49 00:02:45,465 --> 00:02:46,299 Mama? 50 00:02:55,710 --> 00:02:56,911 Mama? 51 00:03:01,181 --> 00:03:02,784 Afternoon. 52 00:03:06,854 --> 00:03:09,524 Afternoon. Are you sleeping 53 00:03:09,624 --> 00:03:10,758 or kinda? 54 00:03:12,927 --> 00:03:14,294 Kinda. 55 00:03:17,197 --> 00:03:19,399 Hey, Sleeping Beauty. 56 00:03:21,669 --> 00:03:24,706 - Hello. - Hey. Hi. Hi. 57 00:03:28,109 --> 00:03:30,978 Want to sit up? Sit up. 58 00:03:31,079 --> 00:03:33,413 There you go. All right. 59 00:03:33,514 --> 00:03:35,083 Come on, one more time. 60 00:03:35,282 --> 00:03:37,350 -That's good. That's good. -Okay. 61 00:03:37,552 --> 00:03:39,554 -I'm okay. -How's that? 62 00:03:41,055 --> 00:03:42,757 Yeah. There we go. 63 00:03:43,290 --> 00:03:45,026 Sweetie with you? 64 00:03:45,126 --> 00:03:47,260 He's bringing the trash around back. 65 00:03:48,328 --> 00:03:51,065 Ah, yeah, garbage day. 66 00:03:51,264 --> 00:03:53,534 Everything in its right place. 67 00:03:55,002 --> 00:03:56,504 Of course you know how to do it 68 00:03:56,604 --> 00:03:58,639 but you don't have to do it, not while I'm here. 69 00:03:59,507 --> 00:04:02,342 Don't take my job from me, please. 70 00:04:02,643 --> 00:04:04,879 There's only so much joy left for me in this world, 71 00:04:04,979 --> 00:04:06,714 you gotta let me have it now. 72 00:04:07,949 --> 00:04:09,249 Okay. 73 00:04:12,220 --> 00:04:13,487 You ready? 74 00:04:20,795 --> 00:04:21,863 Come here. 75 00:04:29,570 --> 00:04:30,772 Okay. 76 00:04:30,872 --> 00:04:32,974 Go slow, okay? Come on. 77 00:04:34,142 --> 00:04:36,677 I got you. Okay. 78 00:04:36,844 --> 00:04:39,914 Could you tell me how many apartments there are in... 79 00:04:40,014 --> 00:04:41,916 We have 200 units. 80 00:04:42,083 --> 00:04:43,818 - Two hundred, okay. - Two hundred units. 81 00:04:43,918 --> 00:04:44,919 And everything... 82 00:04:45,019 --> 00:04:46,254 Kitchen, full kitchen... 83 00:04:46,353 --> 00:04:48,388 Full kitchen and... Yeah, that's... 84 00:04:48,488 --> 00:04:50,091 Well, everyone looks really nice. 85 00:04:50,191 --> 00:04:52,059 Yes. It's a great group. 86 00:04:52,160 --> 00:04:54,028 You know, Mr. Mayhew, 87 00:04:54,195 --> 00:04:57,031 my husband was a Tuskegee Airman. 88 00:04:57,198 --> 00:04:59,167 Fought for America in World War II. 89 00:04:59,267 --> 00:05:01,102 Oh. 90 00:05:01,202 --> 00:05:04,505 Oh, this is a gym here, yeah? 91 00:05:04,605 --> 00:05:06,974 Beautiful, open 24 hours. 92 00:05:22,023 --> 00:05:24,025 Oh, thank you. 93 00:05:27,028 --> 00:05:28,095 Thank you. 94 00:05:38,806 --> 00:05:41,909 So... You've got really nice kitchen... 95 00:05:47,915 --> 00:05:48,749 Hey. 96 00:05:50,685 --> 00:05:54,555 -At least there's good light. -Mmm. Yeah. 97 00:06:02,330 --> 00:06:04,332 Look at that cloud. 98 00:06:04,532 --> 00:06:09,537 I see a swimming pool with boys jumping in. 99 00:06:09,770 --> 00:06:13,107 -Where? -There. Look. 100 00:06:13,207 --> 00:06:14,474 There's the arms. 101 00:06:14,575 --> 00:06:17,979 Oh, yeah, I see it. I see it. I see it. 102 00:06:18,179 --> 00:06:22,550 They're a Little League team, just won the big game, 103 00:06:22,717 --> 00:06:25,853 celebrating and having a ball. 104 00:06:26,020 --> 00:06:27,088 See the splashes? 105 00:06:28,990 --> 00:06:30,157 Mama. 106 00:06:30,324 --> 00:06:33,694 Little League team. Splashes. 107 00:06:34,862 --> 00:06:36,130 It's true. 108 00:06:39,499 --> 00:06:41,569 You and your imagination. 109 00:06:51,145 --> 00:06:52,880 You gonna be all right? 110 00:06:56,350 --> 00:06:57,618 Yes. 111 00:06:58,619 --> 00:07:00,788 I'm gonna be all right, honey. 112 00:07:04,191 --> 00:07:06,627 I'm going to be all right. 113 00:07:06,727 --> 00:07:07,795 Okay. 114 00:07:14,602 --> 00:07:17,405 If anybody can maneuver, it's your ma. 115 00:07:17,505 --> 00:07:20,374 Okay? What's she say all the time? 116 00:07:20,473 --> 00:07:23,476 "My husband was a Tuskegee Airman." 117 00:07:24,679 --> 00:07:26,948 Listen, I know keeping elders at home 118 00:07:27,048 --> 00:07:28,950 is supposed to be a noble thing and all, 119 00:07:29,050 --> 00:07:30,618 but there's something to be said 120 00:07:30,718 --> 00:07:33,587 for keeping her as independent as she can be. 121 00:07:33,688 --> 00:07:37,224 -Where'd you find them? -Next to the lamp. 122 00:07:37,325 --> 00:07:39,459 Under a scarf with the ringer off. 123 00:07:39,560 --> 00:07:41,262 Ugh... 124 00:07:41,362 --> 00:07:42,229 You've got to use the hook. 125 00:07:42,330 --> 00:07:43,798 That is what it is there for. 126 00:07:43,965 --> 00:07:45,533 Is that Mr. Brett? 127 00:07:45,666 --> 00:07:48,069 - Ohh! - Ready to go out? 128 00:07:48,202 --> 00:07:50,037 Is this Marion? How's Teddy? 129 00:07:50,137 --> 00:07:52,840 You know, working my nerves, but what else is new? 130 00:07:55,343 --> 00:07:57,477 -You need some paper towels? -Yeah. 131 00:07:58,679 --> 00:08:00,815 Let's not miss this flight, okay? 132 00:08:03,884 --> 00:08:06,787 I love you. Please be safe, okay? 133 00:08:06,887 --> 00:08:07,855 Okay. 134 00:08:12,860 --> 00:08:14,862 You got your boarding pass? 135 00:08:18,733 --> 00:08:21,202 -I knew you had that. -Yeah, you knew it, huh? 136 00:08:21,369 --> 00:08:22,370 -You got it. -Bye. 137 00:08:22,470 --> 00:08:23,704 Bye, baby. 138 00:08:48,929 --> 00:08:51,899 The shipyard workers at Blohm and Voss 139 00:08:52,033 --> 00:08:56,137 gather for a ceremony celebrating the company's new 140 00:08:56,270 --> 00:08:58,305 295-foot vessel. 141 00:09:02,309 --> 00:09:03,978 Adopted by the Nazis, 142 00:09:04,078 --> 00:09:07,681 a "heil" salute was mandatory for German citizens. 143 00:09:09,316 --> 00:09:11,385 But if you look closely, 144 00:09:11,520 --> 00:09:14,855 you'll find someone who defied this. 145 00:09:16,290 --> 00:09:20,227 His name is believed to be August Landmesser. 146 00:09:20,529 --> 00:09:25,032 He had joined the Nazi Party two years before this day, 147 00:09:25,132 --> 00:09:26,767 but in that time, 148 00:09:27,068 --> 00:09:29,870 August met and fell in love with a woman 149 00:09:30,004 --> 00:09:33,808 unlike any he'd ever met. 150 00:09:33,941 --> 00:09:37,044 Unlike any he was supposed to have met. 151 00:09:39,180 --> 00:09:40,681 Irma Eckler. 152 00:09:41,582 --> 00:09:43,084 A Jewish woman. 153 00:09:59,333 --> 00:10:02,069 Although a member of the dominant class, 154 00:10:02,236 --> 00:10:08,742 August saw in Irma what others like him chose not to see. 155 00:10:11,045 --> 00:10:13,848 Her humanity, her beauty, 156 00:10:15,182 --> 00:10:16,650 her love. 157 00:10:20,354 --> 00:10:21,956 On this day, 158 00:10:23,224 --> 00:10:25,793 he folded his arms 159 00:10:26,093 --> 00:10:31,265 rather than salute a regime that deemed that love illegal. 160 00:10:33,535 --> 00:10:37,004 On this day, he was brave. 161 00:10:39,541 --> 00:10:43,410 He couldn't have been the only one who felt something tragic 162 00:10:44,078 --> 00:10:45,212 was happening. 163 00:10:46,280 --> 00:10:50,184 So why was he the only one among the men 164 00:10:50,284 --> 00:10:53,154 to not go along that day? 165 00:10:53,254 --> 00:10:56,558 Perhaps we can reflect on what it would mean 166 00:10:56,657 --> 00:10:58,893 to be him today. 167 00:11:02,830 --> 00:11:04,765 I'll leave you with that. 168 00:11:06,601 --> 00:11:07,668 Thank you. 169 00:11:16,844 --> 00:11:18,145 -Good luck. -Thank you. 170 00:11:18,245 --> 00:11:19,113 Bye. 171 00:11:21,282 --> 00:11:22,917 Let me get this. 172 00:11:26,353 --> 00:11:27,688 -Thank you. -Thank you. 173 00:11:27,788 --> 00:11:29,356 -Water? -I'm fine. Thank you so much. 174 00:11:32,226 --> 00:11:33,794 Thank you. 175 00:11:34,663 --> 00:11:36,997 Isabel, Isabel. Hey! 176 00:11:37,097 --> 00:11:38,567 Amari! 177 00:11:38,766 --> 00:11:40,502 I didn't know you were speaking. 178 00:11:40,602 --> 00:11:41,902 No, no, no, one of my reporters is. 179 00:11:42,036 --> 00:11:43,037 Hey, can you guys give me a minute? 180 00:11:43,137 --> 00:11:43,704 Okay. 181 00:11:43,804 --> 00:11:46,440 You were solid. 182 00:11:46,675 --> 00:11:48,242 -Nice work. -I am a better writer 183 00:11:48,342 --> 00:11:49,678 than I am a speaker. 184 00:11:49,810 --> 00:11:50,679 Yeah, well, you're a better writer 185 00:11:50,778 --> 00:11:52,346 than most people do anything. 186 00:11:52,514 --> 00:11:55,783 So, listen, I was gonna reach out to you on something. 187 00:11:56,050 --> 00:11:59,688 So I'mma take seeing you as a sign. 188 00:11:59,787 --> 00:12:02,723 This... This Trayvon Martin case. 189 00:12:04,291 --> 00:12:06,327 -I know. -Have you heard the tapes? 190 00:12:06,427 --> 00:12:08,062 No. Of what? 191 00:12:10,297 --> 00:12:11,832 Not the murder? 192 00:12:12,032 --> 00:12:14,603 911 calls. This killer called 911 193 00:12:14,703 --> 00:12:16,303 before he did it. 194 00:12:16,403 --> 00:12:18,272 And tapes of people that heard the boy screaming out 195 00:12:18,372 --> 00:12:19,273 and called the police. 196 00:12:22,376 --> 00:12:24,512 -Is this public? -No. 197 00:12:24,613 --> 00:12:25,614 But it's being released. 198 00:12:25,714 --> 00:12:27,114 Slowly. 199 00:12:27,982 --> 00:12:30,184 But we got him. 200 00:12:30,585 --> 00:12:33,521 Are you interested in listening, to consider writing something 201 00:12:33,622 --> 00:12:34,421 for us? 202 00:12:38,826 --> 00:12:42,597 Amari, you have a stable of writers. 203 00:12:42,763 --> 00:12:44,131 They don't have Pulitzer Prizes. 204 00:12:44,865 --> 00:12:46,867 Some of them do, actually. 205 00:12:47,034 --> 00:12:50,204 Yeah, well, then they're not as brilliant as you on things 206 00:12:50,304 --> 00:12:51,138 like this. 207 00:12:52,306 --> 00:12:55,075 -You know what I do. -Yeah, and I know what you used 208 00:12:55,175 --> 00:12:56,176 to do. 209 00:12:56,277 --> 00:12:57,612 Some of the best reporting I've ever edited. 210 00:12:57,712 --> 00:12:59,179 I write books now. 211 00:12:59,280 --> 00:13:02,149 So, that one book you wrote took way too damn long. 212 00:13:02,283 --> 00:13:05,754 It was a masterpiece and whatnot, but... 213 00:13:06,120 --> 00:13:09,256 it took too long, Isabel, if you ask me. Writers write. 214 00:13:11,191 --> 00:13:12,560 So write. 215 00:13:17,398 --> 00:13:20,801 I don't do assignments anymore. I... 216 00:13:21,802 --> 00:13:24,972 I wanna be in the story. 217 00:13:25,072 --> 00:13:28,375 Really inside the story. 218 00:13:30,444 --> 00:13:32,813 And, yes, that takes time. 219 00:13:33,548 --> 00:13:34,848 Okay. 220 00:13:35,849 --> 00:13:37,752 Maybe after you hear the tapes. 221 00:13:37,851 --> 00:13:39,219 I'mma send them to you. 222 00:13:39,320 --> 00:13:41,556 -Okay. -Okay. No pressure. 223 00:15:01,301 --> 00:15:04,905 Sanford Police Department. Is there a report of shots? 224 00:15:05,172 --> 00:15:07,441 Hey, we've had some break-ins in my neighborhood. 225 00:15:07,542 --> 00:15:10,411 And there's a real suspicious guy... 226 00:15:12,547 --> 00:15:15,149 This guy looks like he is up to no good, 227 00:15:15,249 --> 00:15:17,117 or he's on drugs or something. 228 00:15:17,217 --> 00:15:18,720 Okay, he's just walking around the area... 229 00:15:18,853 --> 00:15:20,154 Looking at all the houses. 230 00:15:20,254 --> 00:15:22,956 It's raining and he's just walking around, 231 00:15:23,056 --> 00:15:23,825 looking about. 232 00:15:23,991 --> 00:15:25,058 Okay. 233 00:15:27,261 --> 00:15:29,163 And he's a Black male. 234 00:15:34,201 --> 00:15:36,170 Now he's just staring at me. 235 00:15:38,305 --> 00:15:40,240 Did you see what he was wearing? 236 00:15:40,340 --> 00:15:43,243 Yeah, a dark hoodie, like, a gray hoodie, 237 00:15:43,343 --> 00:15:47,247 and either jeans or sweatpants, and white tennis shoes. 238 00:15:54,121 --> 00:15:55,757 Shit, he's running. 239 00:15:55,857 --> 00:15:57,991 He's running? Which way is he running? 240 00:15:58,392 --> 00:16:02,963 Down towards the other entrance to the neighborhood. 241 00:16:03,063 --> 00:16:05,332 These assholes, they always get away. 242 00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:08,770 Are you following him? 243 00:16:08,937 --> 00:16:10,672 -Yeah. -Okay, we don't need you 244 00:16:10,839 --> 00:16:11,840 to do that. 245 00:16:11,972 --> 00:16:13,207 Okay? 246 00:16:18,011 --> 00:16:20,347 All right, sir, what is your name? 247 00:16:20,447 --> 00:16:21,683 George. 248 00:16:21,816 --> 00:16:22,983 He ran. 249 00:16:24,552 --> 00:16:26,453 All right, George, what's your last name? 250 00:16:27,120 --> 00:16:28,523 Zimmerman. 251 00:16:29,824 --> 00:16:32,159 911. Do you need police, fire or medical? 252 00:16:32,292 --> 00:16:34,461 Maybe both, I'm not sure. There's just someone 253 00:16:34,596 --> 00:16:35,996 screaming outside. 254 00:16:37,799 --> 00:16:39,166 Okay, what's the address that they're near? 255 00:16:39,333 --> 00:16:41,235 1211 Twin Trees Lane. 256 00:16:41,335 --> 00:16:43,403 And is it a male or female? 257 00:16:43,505 --> 00:16:46,574 -It sounds like a male. -And you don't know why? 258 00:16:46,674 --> 00:16:48,977 I don't know why. I think they're yelling "help," 259 00:16:49,109 --> 00:16:50,043 but I don't know. 260 00:16:53,748 --> 00:16:55,884 So you think he's yelling "help"? 261 00:16:56,016 --> 00:16:57,384 Yes. 262 00:16:57,519 --> 00:16:59,186 I can't see him. I don't want to go out there, 263 00:16:59,286 --> 00:17:00,755 I don't know what's going on, so... 264 00:17:03,056 --> 00:17:05,058 Just... There's gunshots. 265 00:17:05,994 --> 00:17:08,530 -You just heard gunshots? -Yes. 266 00:17:08,696 --> 00:17:10,765 -How many? -Just one. 267 00:17:15,302 --> 00:17:18,038 Is he right outside 1211 Twin Trees Lane? 268 00:17:18,138 --> 00:17:20,608 Yeah, pretty much. Out the back, yes. 269 00:18:04,052 --> 00:18:06,688 -Good to see you. -Thank you. You too. 270 00:18:09,524 --> 00:18:10,558 -Hey. -Hi! 271 00:18:10,658 --> 00:18:12,192 Looking gorgeous. 272 00:18:12,292 --> 00:18:13,460 -Oh, Brett. How are you? -Hi. Yes. 273 00:18:13,561 --> 00:18:14,394 -How are you? 274 00:18:14,494 --> 00:18:15,997 -Great to see you. -And you. 275 00:18:16,296 --> 00:18:17,932 He's wearing the tux very well. 276 00:18:18,032 --> 00:18:19,333 Very well. 277 00:18:19,433 --> 00:18:21,035 - He can hear you. - Well, he can. 278 00:18:21,134 --> 00:18:22,737 But he's grateful, thank you. 279 00:18:22,837 --> 00:18:24,271 -Hi. -Hello. 280 00:18:24,471 --> 00:18:28,475 Amari Selvan asked me twice if you were coming. 281 00:18:28,576 --> 00:18:30,745 He wants something for the paper. 282 00:18:30,845 --> 00:18:32,479 He's made that very clear. 283 00:18:32,647 --> 00:18:35,182 You interested? We can time it with the audio book. 284 00:18:42,590 --> 00:18:43,791 Did you listen? 285 00:18:46,694 --> 00:18:49,597 Yeah. Yeah. 286 00:18:49,697 --> 00:18:51,331 It's a lot. 287 00:18:51,431 --> 00:18:53,166 -Yeah. -It's a lot. 288 00:18:53,266 --> 00:18:54,669 It's a lot there. 289 00:18:54,769 --> 00:18:57,038 But longer-form stuff, questions that I don't have 290 00:18:57,137 --> 00:18:57,939 the answer to. 291 00:18:58,039 --> 00:18:59,206 So ask them in a piece. 292 00:18:59,306 --> 00:19:02,175 I don't write questions. I write answers. 293 00:19:04,045 --> 00:19:06,014 Questions like what? 294 00:19:06,114 --> 00:19:09,449 Like why does a Latino man deputize himself 295 00:19:09,550 --> 00:19:13,821 to stalk a Black boy to protect an all-white community? 296 00:19:14,154 --> 00:19:15,857 -What is that? -The racist bias I want you 297 00:19:16,024 --> 00:19:16,824 to explore, 298 00:19:16,924 --> 00:19:18,291 excavate for the readers. 299 00:19:18,593 --> 00:19:22,063 We call everything "racism." What does it even mean anymore? 300 00:19:22,262 --> 00:19:25,099 It's the default. When did that happen? 301 00:19:25,198 --> 00:19:26,934 -Hey, Brett. -How are you doing? 302 00:19:27,035 --> 00:19:28,836 So, what? So you're saying 303 00:19:28,936 --> 00:19:30,270 that he isn't a racist? 304 00:19:30,370 --> 00:19:31,506 No, I'm not saying that he's not a racist. 305 00:19:31,639 --> 00:19:35,143 I'm questioning, why is everything racist? 306 00:19:35,275 --> 00:19:38,211 -This feels like a setup. -I've been there. 307 00:19:44,317 --> 00:19:45,520 Okay. 308 00:19:45,620 --> 00:19:48,056 - Home ownership. - Okay. 309 00:19:48,156 --> 00:19:50,323 Covenants were written into land deeds 310 00:19:50,424 --> 00:19:52,527 barring Black people from having wills. 311 00:19:52,627 --> 00:19:54,529 No generational wealth allowed. 312 00:19:54,629 --> 00:19:57,065 We could not pass on what we earned 313 00:19:57,165 --> 00:19:59,600 to our kids for almost 500 years. 314 00:19:59,701 --> 00:20:01,769 Every time, we'd have to start from zero. 315 00:20:02,003 --> 00:20:05,973 So, if we are not allowed to pass on the fruits 316 00:20:06,074 --> 00:20:07,909 of our labor to our family, 317 00:20:08,009 --> 00:20:11,344 is that the same racism that took Trayvon's life? 318 00:20:12,379 --> 00:20:14,816 Systemic racism. Yes, same. 319 00:20:15,683 --> 00:20:16,784 Are you sure? 320 00:20:17,685 --> 00:20:19,787 Are you sure? 321 00:20:19,887 --> 00:20:21,321 What does it mean? 322 00:20:21,556 --> 00:20:23,091 Murders of Black people by the police, 323 00:20:23,191 --> 00:20:25,093 we call that racism. 324 00:20:25,292 --> 00:20:27,227 -Everything's the same. -I get it. 325 00:20:27,327 --> 00:20:28,730 Being followed in a department store 326 00:20:28,830 --> 00:20:30,230 and being lynched 327 00:20:30,330 --> 00:20:31,766 shouldn't be called the same thing, I get that. 328 00:20:31,933 --> 00:20:37,805 Racism as the primary language to understand everything 329 00:20:38,973 --> 00:20:40,240 is insufficient. 330 00:20:40,340 --> 00:20:41,876 - See, this is good. - That's all. 331 00:20:41,976 --> 00:20:43,544 This is good. 332 00:20:43,644 --> 00:20:46,480 Look, I need a piece delving into what the Martin case means. 333 00:20:46,581 --> 00:20:48,415 Set the context with these questions, 334 00:20:48,516 --> 00:20:49,917 it's what you do best. 335 00:20:50,084 --> 00:20:52,987 Make the hard stuff digestible. And this is a hard one. 336 00:20:53,121 --> 00:20:55,422 "What does it all mean?" 337 00:20:55,656 --> 00:20:58,226 These questions are the piece. 338 00:20:58,458 --> 00:21:00,628 I'll make it splashy, prime placement, Sunday. 339 00:21:00,728 --> 00:21:01,929 -Maybe even the cover. -You're terrible. 340 00:21:02,029 --> 00:21:03,131 You're terrible, Amari. 341 00:21:03,231 --> 00:21:05,566 I'm just saying. Your face on the cover? 342 00:21:10,204 --> 00:21:12,774 There's a lot there. There's a lot there. 343 00:21:12,874 --> 00:21:14,642 But I am on hiatus. 344 00:21:14,742 --> 00:21:16,611 -Isabel, come on. Come on. -I am. I am. 345 00:21:16,711 --> 00:21:19,580 I... I have family responsibilities. 346 00:21:22,984 --> 00:21:24,417 Well... 347 00:21:24,652 --> 00:21:27,955 Well, good for you for taking time. 348 00:21:28,055 --> 00:21:29,489 -We'll talk again. -All right. 349 00:21:29,590 --> 00:21:31,458 Hey, you two take care, all right? 350 00:21:31,592 --> 00:21:33,027 Good to see you. All right. 351 00:21:35,428 --> 00:21:38,866 Okay. 352 00:21:40,735 --> 00:21:41,569 President Reagan taking an office... 353 00:21:41,669 --> 00:21:43,271 - I don't... - She's wrong. 354 00:21:43,370 --> 00:21:45,139 She just said it is the only movie she knows. 355 00:21:46,439 --> 00:21:48,341 She deserves to lose that money. 356 00:21:50,077 --> 00:21:51,646 ...speak to an issue that obviously has gotten a lot 357 00:21:51,746 --> 00:21:53,080 of attention 358 00:21:53,214 --> 00:21:54,314 over the course of the last week, 359 00:21:54,549 --> 00:21:57,384 the issue of the Trayvon Martin ruling. 360 00:21:57,518 --> 00:21:58,986 I gave a preliminary statement... 361 00:21:59,086 --> 00:22:00,453 That poor child's mother. 362 00:22:00,555 --> 00:22:01,756 ...right after the ruling on Sunday. 363 00:22:01,856 --> 00:22:04,659 I wish he'd answered the man right. 364 00:22:06,160 --> 00:22:07,494 What was that, Mama? 365 00:22:07,595 --> 00:22:10,565 I wish he had answered the man 366 00:22:10,665 --> 00:22:13,201 when he asked him why he was there 367 00:22:13,301 --> 00:22:14,367 in the neighborhood. 368 00:22:14,467 --> 00:22:17,205 Maybe he'd still be with us. 369 00:22:17,437 --> 00:22:19,707 Are you saying it's the boy's fault? 370 00:22:19,807 --> 00:22:22,777 No, of course not, don't be silly. 371 00:22:22,877 --> 00:22:27,882 I'm saying you got to act in a way to keep you safe. 372 00:22:29,116 --> 00:22:30,518 He was... 373 00:22:32,019 --> 00:22:33,521 He was too young to know it. 374 00:22:33,621 --> 00:22:36,591 He shouldn't have had to answer to anyone. 375 00:22:36,891 --> 00:22:39,560 "Should have" and real life are two different things, 376 00:22:39,660 --> 00:22:42,530 darling, you know that. 377 00:22:42,864 --> 00:22:46,300 You can't be walking around at night on a white street 378 00:22:46,399 --> 00:22:48,468 and not expect trouble. 379 00:22:48,669 --> 00:22:52,240 That's intimidating to most whites. 380 00:22:52,340 --> 00:22:53,507 True or not? 381 00:23:01,349 --> 00:23:02,783 Yeah. 382 00:23:03,017 --> 00:23:05,887 Yeah. Unfortunately, I think it is true. 383 00:23:07,521 --> 00:23:09,357 But I also think that you can't live your life 384 00:23:09,456 --> 00:23:12,026 based on what's intimidating to people. 385 00:23:17,298 --> 00:23:19,066 Sure you can, sweetie. 386 00:23:28,976 --> 00:23:31,212 So you're going on hiatus, huh, 387 00:23:31,312 --> 00:23:33,547 -is what you're doing? -Huh? 388 00:23:33,714 --> 00:23:35,082 You told Amari you were going on hiatus, 389 00:23:35,182 --> 00:23:37,985 you told me that you were gonna be traveling less 390 00:23:38,085 --> 00:23:39,553 for work. 391 00:23:39,654 --> 00:23:41,088 So I'm just trying to figure out what exactly it is 392 00:23:41,188 --> 00:23:42,023 that you're gonna do. 393 00:23:42,123 --> 00:23:43,456 'Cause... 394 00:23:43,624 --> 00:23:45,760 I said I wanted to focus on her. 395 00:23:46,928 --> 00:23:48,596 Okay. 396 00:23:48,930 --> 00:23:53,267 People are asking you to write because of your voice, 397 00:23:53,367 --> 00:23:55,670 because they... the way you think. 398 00:23:55,770 --> 00:23:57,738 I just... I don't know what you're doing. 399 00:23:57,838 --> 00:23:58,906 She... 400 00:23:59,006 --> 00:24:00,741 She doesn't belong in that place. 401 00:24:00,841 --> 00:24:01,943 Oh, right. 402 00:24:02,076 --> 00:24:03,711 She should be at home. 403 00:24:03,911 --> 00:24:06,981 She moved because she was lonely. 404 00:24:07,081 --> 00:24:09,684 I should've spent more time with her. 405 00:24:09,884 --> 00:24:11,786 Daddy would want me to fix this. 406 00:24:11,886 --> 00:24:13,587 Hmm. 407 00:24:13,821 --> 00:24:15,723 I think your father was pretty clear 408 00:24:15,823 --> 00:24:17,591 that what he wanted was for you to be happy, 409 00:24:17,692 --> 00:24:19,827 people to be happy. 410 00:24:20,161 --> 00:24:23,463 Sacrificing your work, well, that's gonna accomplish exactly 411 00:24:23,564 --> 00:24:25,266 the opposite, so... 412 00:24:25,599 --> 00:24:27,635 Your mother was very clear about what she wanted. 413 00:24:27,735 --> 00:24:29,603 It's not that, so... 414 00:25:22,923 --> 00:25:25,960 - I don't see it, Betty. - Maybe it's checked out. 415 00:25:27,695 --> 00:25:29,063 In 1933, 416 00:25:29,163 --> 00:25:32,466 two African-American anthropologists 417 00:25:32,566 --> 00:25:35,102 were studying in Berlin. 418 00:25:35,436 --> 00:25:36,537 There are no books here at all by him. 419 00:25:36,637 --> 00:25:40,074 At the premier library in the city. 420 00:25:40,241 --> 00:25:41,575 The country. 421 00:25:43,577 --> 00:25:46,247 Beautiful library, though. 422 00:25:46,547 --> 00:25:48,883 I could get lost in all these books forever. 423 00:25:49,984 --> 00:25:51,685 All these ideas. 424 00:26:51,546 --> 00:26:56,117 They witnessed events that would change the world. 425 00:27:07,294 --> 00:27:08,295 Baby. 426 00:27:14,201 --> 00:27:15,669 Brett. 427 00:27:58,513 --> 00:28:03,450 By trade, Brett Hamilton was a mathematician, 428 00:28:03,552 --> 00:28:06,621 a financial analyst. 429 00:28:06,720 --> 00:28:11,325 By heart, he was a passionate champion 430 00:28:11,425 --> 00:28:13,027 for those he loved deeply. 431 00:28:14,461 --> 00:28:16,531 He played classical guitar, 432 00:28:16,797 --> 00:28:19,066 was an enthusiastic cook, 433 00:28:19,233 --> 00:28:20,768 and volunteered his time and efforts 434 00:28:20,868 --> 00:28:23,538 to those less fortunate. 435 00:28:23,638 --> 00:28:26,740 In college, he joined Phi Kappa Tau, 436 00:28:26,840 --> 00:28:28,209 Delta Chapter, 437 00:28:28,375 --> 00:28:30,311 and, with his friends, enjoyed caving trips, 438 00:28:31,613 --> 00:28:33,380 watching thunderstorms, 439 00:28:34,683 --> 00:28:36,784 and debating the big stuff. 440 00:28:37,851 --> 00:28:40,321 Recently, he traveled extensively in Europe, 441 00:28:40,487 --> 00:28:45,226 accompanying his beloved in her professional activities 442 00:28:45,492 --> 00:28:46,727 in the cause of social justice. 443 00:28:46,827 --> 00:28:50,097 I'm Mrs. Copeland from across the street. 444 00:28:50,197 --> 00:28:51,666 How is Isabel? 445 00:28:51,899 --> 00:28:54,835 She's resting right now. 446 00:28:57,438 --> 00:28:58,973 I can't believe it. 447 00:29:00,841 --> 00:29:04,878 Thank you so much for coming by. 448 00:29:05,012 --> 00:29:06,814 Give her my love, please. 449 00:30:01,636 --> 00:30:03,904 Isabel Wilkerson's office. 450 00:30:04,038 --> 00:30:05,939 Hello, hi. 451 00:30:06,173 --> 00:30:09,910 This is Kate. I'm Isabel's editor. 452 00:30:10,177 --> 00:30:12,647 Yeah, I know who you are. Hi, Kate. 453 00:30:12,747 --> 00:30:14,716 This is her cousin Marion. 454 00:30:14,815 --> 00:30:16,551 Marion. Marion, hi. 455 00:30:18,152 --> 00:30:21,221 My condolences for your family's losses. 456 00:30:22,657 --> 00:30:25,926 I don't have the words. 457 00:30:26,060 --> 00:30:28,095 It's unfathomable, it's unthinkable. 458 00:30:30,931 --> 00:30:34,068 I just, I can't... 459 00:30:34,234 --> 00:30:38,339 Two of the closest people to you in a year, 460 00:30:38,439 --> 00:30:39,340 who can withstand it? 461 00:30:39,440 --> 00:30:40,508 How is she? 462 00:31:10,904 --> 00:31:15,075 Hold me. Don't leave me. 463 00:31:16,477 --> 00:31:18,979 I am right here. 464 00:31:19,848 --> 00:31:21,616 I am right here. 465 00:31:22,983 --> 00:31:27,722 Stay. Stay. 466 00:31:27,921 --> 00:31:29,990 I am right here. 467 00:31:30,124 --> 00:31:32,960 Stay. Stay. Stay. 468 00:33:25,607 --> 00:33:26,975 Hey. 469 00:33:27,107 --> 00:33:30,210 -You made it in okay? -Yeah, I'm here. 470 00:33:31,579 --> 00:33:32,814 How are you? 471 00:33:32,914 --> 00:33:34,883 Tell me how you're feeling. 472 00:33:35,048 --> 00:33:37,084 How does it feel to be back there 473 00:33:37,184 --> 00:33:38,352 with all of her things? 474 00:33:38,452 --> 00:33:40,555 I'm here, Marion. That's all I am. 475 00:33:44,491 --> 00:33:46,561 -You know what? I gotta go. -Right. 476 00:33:49,062 --> 00:33:50,698 I've gotta get this house packed. 477 00:33:50,798 --> 00:33:54,569 I could come down this weekend and help you. 478 00:33:54,669 --> 00:33:56,169 We could take it slow. 479 00:33:56,303 --> 00:33:58,640 I've gotta get these things packed up so I can start 480 00:33:58,740 --> 00:33:59,941 back work. 481 00:34:00,107 --> 00:34:01,441 Wait, you're starting back to work? 482 00:34:02,476 --> 00:34:04,111 Of course. 483 00:34:04,378 --> 00:34:06,648 What am I supposed to do? How am I supposed to live? 484 00:34:07,015 --> 00:34:08,650 Okay. 485 00:34:08,750 --> 00:34:11,318 What is the work you have to do and when do you need to start? 486 00:34:11,418 --> 00:34:14,087 Marion, I have to go. I'm already behind. 487 00:34:14,989 --> 00:34:16,791 I'll talk to you later, okay? Bye. 488 00:34:17,759 --> 00:34:19,293 Okay. 489 00:34:19,527 --> 00:34:22,396 The HVAC guy got the sump pump working 490 00:34:22,530 --> 00:34:24,866 and got most of the water out. 491 00:34:24,966 --> 00:34:27,234 This has never happened before. 492 00:34:27,467 --> 00:34:30,038 I'm never down here. My husband was always the one 493 00:34:30,137 --> 00:34:31,338 down here, 494 00:34:31,506 --> 00:34:33,007 changing the filter in the furnace 495 00:34:33,106 --> 00:34:35,375 or checking the fuse box. 496 00:34:35,475 --> 00:34:39,446 But he died last year, so... 497 00:34:39,547 --> 00:34:40,648 Uh-huh. 498 00:34:49,557 --> 00:34:52,560 There's where the water's coming in. 499 00:34:52,727 --> 00:34:54,361 Where? 500 00:34:54,494 --> 00:34:55,730 The sink. 501 00:35:00,434 --> 00:35:03,337 The sink doesn't overflow. 502 00:35:05,205 --> 00:35:08,943 I mean, is it a pipe that's clogged, or... 503 00:35:09,043 --> 00:35:11,646 Probably the pump needs clearing out. 504 00:35:11,746 --> 00:35:12,880 I'll write an estimate. 505 00:35:40,273 --> 00:35:42,409 My mother died a few months ago. 506 00:35:47,247 --> 00:35:48,850 What about you? 507 00:35:51,119 --> 00:35:53,153 Is your mother still alive? 508 00:35:57,692 --> 00:35:59,827 No. No, she's not. 509 00:35:59,927 --> 00:36:02,563 Died in 1991, 52 years old. 510 00:36:04,899 --> 00:36:06,266 Goodness. 511 00:36:09,904 --> 00:36:13,473 That's not old... at all. 512 00:36:14,742 --> 00:36:16,176 It sure ain't. 513 00:36:17,779 --> 00:36:18,946 Your father? 514 00:36:24,886 --> 00:36:26,219 He's 78. 515 00:36:29,057 --> 00:36:30,558 You're lucky to have him. 516 00:36:32,492 --> 00:36:34,294 He's mean as they come. 517 00:36:41,135 --> 00:36:43,538 Well... 518 00:36:43,638 --> 00:36:45,238 I guess, in the end, we miss them 519 00:36:45,338 --> 00:36:46,808 no matter what they were like. 520 00:36:46,908 --> 00:36:48,743 No, not him. 521 00:36:59,352 --> 00:37:00,722 You know what? 522 00:37:06,326 --> 00:37:08,629 -You see something? -Well, maybe. 523 00:37:55,342 --> 00:37:57,245 - I have an idea. - You do? 524 00:37:57,344 --> 00:37:59,981 Thought that might be why you came. 525 00:38:01,749 --> 00:38:03,117 Tell us. Is it... 526 00:38:03,217 --> 00:38:05,553 Well, I... 527 00:38:05,853 --> 00:38:08,990 didn't explore the Trayvon Martin case. 528 00:38:09,090 --> 00:38:12,760 I know it's been a while, but I think there's a lot 529 00:38:12,860 --> 00:38:14,028 to unpack. 530 00:38:14,128 --> 00:38:16,898 I've been thinking about my mother 531 00:38:16,998 --> 00:38:18,431 and how she insisted 532 00:38:18,533 --> 00:38:21,035 we be polite and buttoned-up around white people. 533 00:38:26,207 --> 00:38:29,442 And there's all this Nazi symbolism 534 00:38:30,912 --> 00:38:32,113 all over the place. 535 00:38:32,213 --> 00:38:33,781 You heard about what happened in... 536 00:38:33,948 --> 00:38:35,116 in Charlottesville. 537 00:38:35,216 --> 00:38:36,784 -Yes. Neo-Nazis. -Yeah. 538 00:38:36,884 --> 00:38:41,354 Drove his car through a crowd at a protest for Black Lives. 539 00:38:42,455 --> 00:38:43,925 Killed a white woman. 540 00:38:44,892 --> 00:38:46,294 Heather Heyer. 541 00:38:46,459 --> 00:38:50,330 All these idiots walking around with tiki torches, 542 00:38:50,631 --> 00:38:55,570 invoking imagery from the KKK and Nazi Germany to stoke fear. 543 00:38:56,704 --> 00:38:58,573 There's this terrific Indian scholar. 544 00:38:58,673 --> 00:39:02,677 I've been wanting to read his work, but I haven't. 545 00:39:04,712 --> 00:39:06,714 He's a Dalit professor, and he won a... 546 00:39:06,814 --> 00:39:10,084 -Sorry, a "Dalit" professor? -He's a Dalit 547 00:39:10,184 --> 00:39:11,351 and a professor. 548 00:39:11,451 --> 00:39:13,287 The Dalits are untouchables in India, 549 00:39:13,386 --> 00:39:14,856 beneath the lowest caste. 550 00:39:14,956 --> 00:39:16,489 -Have you ever heard of them? -No. 551 00:39:16,591 --> 00:39:18,358 -Have you ever heard of them? -No. 552 00:39:18,458 --> 00:39:20,328 No. Me either. Why? 553 00:39:20,493 --> 00:39:22,462 There's connective tissue here. 554 00:39:22,563 --> 00:39:24,031 There's connective tissue there. 555 00:39:24,131 --> 00:39:25,566 There is connective tissue here. 556 00:39:25,666 --> 00:39:28,603 I... I could... I could... I could... 557 00:39:28,903 --> 00:39:33,007 I could build a thesis that shows how all of this, 558 00:39:33,107 --> 00:39:34,609 all of it, 559 00:39:34,775 --> 00:39:35,843 is linked. 560 00:39:38,179 --> 00:39:39,379 Well... 561 00:39:42,917 --> 00:39:44,552 Well, that's the writer's journey, 562 00:39:44,685 --> 00:39:45,519 right? 563 00:39:46,654 --> 00:39:48,789 Sorting all of that out. 564 00:39:49,090 --> 00:39:51,726 There's a lot going on in that big brain of yours. 565 00:39:51,826 --> 00:39:53,728 I love that. 566 00:39:53,828 --> 00:39:54,962 I love it. 567 00:39:55,062 --> 00:39:57,565 But I gotta be honest with you, I don't understand 568 00:39:57,665 --> 00:40:01,769 how the woman that they killed, by the neo-Nazis... 569 00:40:01,869 --> 00:40:02,937 Heather Heyer. 570 00:40:03,037 --> 00:40:06,240 ...how that connects to the Dalit professor, 571 00:40:06,473 --> 00:40:07,909 connects to Trayvon Martin, 572 00:40:08,009 --> 00:40:09,844 connects to your mom. 573 00:40:09,977 --> 00:40:11,045 I don't see it. 574 00:40:11,145 --> 00:40:12,513 Yet. I don't see that yet. 575 00:40:12,613 --> 00:40:15,216 But if you can make people see it, 576 00:40:15,316 --> 00:40:17,585 then that is an incredible book. 577 00:40:42,643 --> 00:40:45,646 I love you. Please be safe, okay? 578 00:40:45,746 --> 00:40:46,747 Okay. 579 00:42:03,891 --> 00:42:05,559 -Hello, excuse me. -Hi. 580 00:42:05,659 --> 00:42:07,395 This is the book you ordered. 581 00:42:07,495 --> 00:42:09,997 -Oh, yes, yes. Please sit down. -And the list we talked about. 582 00:42:12,833 --> 00:42:15,369 This is a list from 1935, October, 583 00:42:15,469 --> 00:42:18,739 a little bit later than the first list. 584 00:42:18,839 --> 00:42:19,774 Yes. 585 00:42:19,874 --> 00:42:21,375 And here, Remarque, Erich Maria. 586 00:42:21,475 --> 00:42:25,514 That means everything he wrote is "to destroyed." Blown. 587 00:42:25,613 --> 00:42:27,648 -"To be destroyed." -Yes. 588 00:42:49,036 --> 00:42:50,071 Excuse me. 589 00:42:50,171 --> 00:42:52,907 I heard you inquire about Remarque. 590 00:42:54,942 --> 00:42:57,244 But I couldn't hear the librarian's answer. 591 00:42:58,179 --> 00:43:00,081 I'm Kästner. 592 00:43:00,181 --> 00:43:01,315 I'm from here. 593 00:43:02,716 --> 00:43:04,618 How long have you been in Berlin? 594 00:43:05,820 --> 00:43:07,755 About five weeks. 595 00:43:10,024 --> 00:43:12,126 You've no idea what's happening. 596 00:43:12,226 --> 00:43:15,362 -Pardon me? -I'm sorry, I didn't catch that. 597 00:43:15,564 --> 00:43:17,898 You have no idea what's happening here. 598 00:43:19,633 --> 00:43:21,735 Everything is being torn apart. 599 00:44:33,040 --> 00:44:35,843 In Germany, there's memorials to nearly everyone 600 00:44:35,943 --> 00:44:39,380 victimized by the Nazis. 601 00:44:39,480 --> 00:44:42,049 And there's no entry sign, no gate. 602 00:44:42,249 --> 00:44:44,351 It's just open both day and night. 603 00:44:44,451 --> 00:44:45,286 Yes, yes. 604 00:44:53,260 --> 00:44:55,429 Just standing to bear witness. 605 00:45:04,838 --> 00:45:07,041 20,000 books that were lost that night. 606 00:45:11,078 --> 00:45:14,616 Books filled with imagination and ideas, 607 00:45:14,715 --> 00:45:16,050 and history. 608 00:45:26,760 --> 00:45:28,729 Leave here, my friends. 609 00:45:30,297 --> 00:45:31,932 Leave Germany. 610 00:45:32,166 --> 00:45:34,368 Go to your home as soon as you can, 611 00:45:34,501 --> 00:45:35,903 you'll be safer there. 612 00:45:50,719 --> 00:45:52,086 Sigmund Freud, 613 00:45:53,588 --> 00:45:55,089 Heinrich Mann, 614 00:45:56,357 --> 00:45:57,891 Ernst Gläser, 615 00:45:58,759 --> 00:46:00,894 Erich Maria Remarque, 616 00:46:02,196 --> 00:46:03,497 Karl Renner, 617 00:46:04,999 --> 00:46:06,534 Erich Kästner. 618 00:46:09,604 --> 00:46:12,707 "Where you burn books, you end up burning men." 619 00:46:12,806 --> 00:46:15,009 It's a quote by Heinrich Heine. 620 00:46:15,276 --> 00:46:18,279 He was a poet. German and Jewish. 621 00:46:30,057 --> 00:46:32,527 No. You are not changing the subject anymore. 622 00:46:32,627 --> 00:46:33,662 Oh, yeah. 623 00:46:33,762 --> 00:46:34,895 Okay. 624 00:46:34,995 --> 00:46:36,363 -Guns, Christmas. -Yes. 625 00:46:36,463 --> 00:46:37,699 And then? 626 00:46:37,865 --> 00:46:40,267 - Sweetheart? - No, I still have 627 00:46:40,367 --> 00:46:41,802 a couple sips left. 628 00:46:42,604 --> 00:46:44,838 You're basically in danger when you're visiting 629 00:46:44,938 --> 00:46:45,906 your family. -Yeah. 630 00:46:46,006 --> 00:46:47,776 Always. -It's the American way. 631 00:46:47,875 --> 00:46:51,680 I mean, we know. We know. It's ridiculous. 632 00:46:52,246 --> 00:46:55,249 That is what I'm looking at with the article. 633 00:46:55,482 --> 00:46:59,920 You have 900 shootings a week, it seems, in America, 634 00:47:00,020 --> 00:47:01,989 and you keep giving people guns. 635 00:47:02,089 --> 00:47:03,924 I don't understand at all. 636 00:47:04,024 --> 00:47:05,459 We don't even understand it ourselves. 637 00:47:05,560 --> 00:47:06,827 We don't understand. 638 00:47:06,927 --> 00:47:08,730 You know, 639 00:47:08,829 --> 00:47:12,701 I heard, here, that displaying the swastika 640 00:47:12,801 --> 00:47:14,769 is a crime. 641 00:47:14,868 --> 00:47:16,470 -Mm-hmm. -Three years in prison? 642 00:47:16,571 --> 00:47:17,706 Yes, yes, that's true. 643 00:47:17,806 --> 00:47:19,306 I mean, it's not tolerated. 644 00:47:19,406 --> 00:47:21,041 Well, in America... 645 00:47:22,510 --> 00:47:25,780 the Confederate flag, which is like your swastika, 646 00:47:25,879 --> 00:47:28,616 the flag of murderers and traitors, 647 00:47:28,882 --> 00:47:31,352 it is a part of the official flag 648 00:47:31,452 --> 00:47:32,453 of one of our states, 649 00:47:32,554 --> 00:47:34,254 -No. -Mississippi. 650 00:47:34,455 --> 00:47:38,459 Men who wanted to wage war for the right to own 651 00:47:38,560 --> 00:47:40,127 other human beings. 652 00:47:40,227 --> 00:47:43,430 Statues of them sprinkled all over the country 653 00:47:43,531 --> 00:47:44,799 right now. 654 00:47:44,898 --> 00:47:46,133 Madness. 655 00:47:47,301 --> 00:47:48,402 You know, it's not perfect, 656 00:47:48,502 --> 00:47:52,707 but Germany has no monuments that celebrate Nazis. 657 00:47:52,807 --> 00:47:54,241 I mean, everything Hitler's gone, 658 00:47:54,341 --> 00:47:56,477 paved right over it all, and built new things. 659 00:47:56,578 --> 00:47:59,279 I mean, you can literally walk right over Nazi places 660 00:47:59,380 --> 00:48:01,248 and never know they were even there. 661 00:48:01,348 --> 00:48:02,983 - And the bunker. - Yes, the bunker. 662 00:48:03,083 --> 00:48:04,652 -It's long gone. -It like nothing. 663 00:48:04,753 --> 00:48:05,854 -Yeah. -I mean, it was 30 feet 664 00:48:05,953 --> 00:48:06,920 underground, 665 00:48:07,020 --> 00:48:09,089 and was protected with reinforced concrete. 666 00:48:09,189 --> 00:48:10,290 And now it has, like, a Volkswagen 667 00:48:10,391 --> 00:48:11,793 or something parked on top of it 668 00:48:11,892 --> 00:48:13,862 at any given time of the day. 669 00:48:14,061 --> 00:48:15,697 It is very different than the States. 670 00:48:15,797 --> 00:48:17,264 A very different approach. 671 00:48:17,364 --> 00:48:19,534 Well, there are so many differences between here 672 00:48:19,634 --> 00:48:20,535 and there. 673 00:48:20,635 --> 00:48:23,370 We are talking about the systematic murder 674 00:48:23,470 --> 00:48:24,839 of six million Jews, 675 00:48:24,938 --> 00:48:26,440 that's the official number. 676 00:48:26,541 --> 00:48:30,512 So it's just very different than monuments to soldiers 677 00:48:30,612 --> 00:48:32,079 and whatnot. 678 00:48:32,179 --> 00:48:33,313 0And what? What are you saying is different? 679 00:48:33,414 --> 00:48:36,250 All of it. We're talking about deliberate extermination 680 00:48:36,350 --> 00:48:37,317 over many years. 681 00:48:37,418 --> 00:48:40,287 Yeah, but wasn't slavery for, like, hundreds of years? 682 00:48:40,387 --> 00:48:41,556 Right, Isabel? 683 00:48:41,689 --> 00:48:44,826 Slavery lasted 246 years. 684 00:48:45,058 --> 00:48:48,730 That's 13 generations of people. 685 00:48:48,830 --> 00:48:51,031 Plus another 100 years of Jim Crow, 686 00:48:51,131 --> 00:48:53,367 segregation, violence and murder. 687 00:48:53,467 --> 00:48:56,937 It is, of course, horrific. I am not downplaying any of it. 688 00:48:57,037 --> 00:49:00,742 There were so many millions of African Americans 689 00:49:00,842 --> 00:49:03,277 who were murdered. 690 00:49:05,045 --> 00:49:06,947 From the Middle Passage until the end 691 00:49:07,047 --> 00:49:08,348 of legal segregation, 692 00:49:08,449 --> 00:49:13,153 that it goes beyond the realm of an official number. 693 00:49:16,791 --> 00:49:20,093 - There is no number. - I didn't know that. 694 00:49:20,194 --> 00:49:22,362 - No. It's stunning. - It is. 695 00:49:22,463 --> 00:49:26,701 And I understand you're trying to make sense 696 00:49:26,801 --> 00:49:28,268 of American racism. 697 00:49:28,368 --> 00:49:29,403 It is noble. 698 00:49:29,571 --> 00:49:32,239 But your thesis linking caste in Germany 699 00:49:32,339 --> 00:49:35,075 with the United States is flawed. 700 00:49:41,982 --> 00:49:44,051 Maybe it's not exactly the same, 701 00:49:44,151 --> 00:49:46,320 but the thesis of structural similarity 702 00:49:46,420 --> 00:49:49,289 certainly gives context for a framework. 703 00:49:49,389 --> 00:49:52,159 Right, but a framework is not a book, my friends. 704 00:49:52,259 --> 00:49:56,129 She is trying to connect the United States to Germany, 705 00:49:56,230 --> 00:49:57,498 but it doesn't fit. 706 00:49:57,599 --> 00:50:00,902 It's as if you're trying to "fit a square 707 00:50:01,001 --> 00:50:02,469 inside the circle," as they say. 708 00:50:05,072 --> 00:50:07,509 I would just like you to note for yourself 709 00:50:07,809 --> 00:50:12,079 that American slavery is rooted in subjugation, 710 00:50:12,246 --> 00:50:16,183 dominating Blacks for the purposes of capitalism, 711 00:50:16,450 --> 00:50:19,754 using bodies and labor for profit. 712 00:50:20,922 --> 00:50:24,726 But for the Jews during the Holocaust, 713 00:50:24,826 --> 00:50:28,028 the end call was not subjugation, 714 00:50:29,162 --> 00:50:31,799 it was extermination. 715 00:50:31,900 --> 00:50:33,801 "Kill them all. 716 00:50:34,134 --> 00:50:36,704 Wipe them off the face of the Earth. 717 00:50:36,938 --> 00:50:38,806 There's no need for them here." 718 00:50:40,542 --> 00:50:41,743 It's different. 719 00:50:44,111 --> 00:50:47,749 I say, leave Jewish folks alone. 720 00:50:47,982 --> 00:50:50,183 They're fine. They don't need you. 721 00:50:50,350 --> 00:50:52,152 Write about us, Isabel. 722 00:50:52,319 --> 00:50:53,721 I am writing about us. 723 00:50:54,121 --> 00:50:55,389 I just... 724 00:50:56,758 --> 00:50:58,893 I couldn't fully explain 725 00:50:59,159 --> 00:51:00,962 -what was in my head. -You better than me. 726 00:51:01,061 --> 00:51:02,931 Because I would have had words. 727 00:51:03,031 --> 00:51:04,032 She was rude. 728 00:51:04,131 --> 00:51:05,867 I had words. 729 00:51:06,034 --> 00:51:07,702 I had a ton of words. 730 00:51:07,802 --> 00:51:09,571 Wow. And none of them were, 731 00:51:09,671 --> 00:51:13,608 "I'm the right one on the wrong day, baby"? 732 00:51:13,708 --> 00:51:15,409 Yeah, well, I'm still my mother's child, 733 00:51:15,510 --> 00:51:16,911 and that wouldn't have happened. 734 00:51:17,011 --> 00:51:18,378 I know. 735 00:51:18,478 --> 00:51:21,348 You never could bag back, even when we were kids. 736 00:51:21,549 --> 00:51:23,450 Always thinking about your comeback 737 00:51:23,551 --> 00:51:24,986 the next day. 738 00:51:25,185 --> 00:51:28,355 "I know what I should have said was..." 739 00:51:30,223 --> 00:51:32,426 What if Brett had been there last night? 740 00:51:35,697 --> 00:51:37,097 Poor lady. 741 00:51:37,264 --> 00:51:38,733 Probably would still be there, 742 00:51:39,801 --> 00:51:41,069 confronting. 743 00:51:44,505 --> 00:51:45,607 Afternoon. 744 00:51:45,707 --> 00:51:47,107 Hi, afternoon. 745 00:51:47,274 --> 00:51:49,209 Some unwanted visitors, huh? 746 00:51:49,476 --> 00:51:52,614 Looks like they even built a guesthouse. 747 00:51:52,714 --> 00:51:54,616 I'm putting these out in the backyard 748 00:51:54,716 --> 00:51:55,917 to empty out. 749 00:51:56,017 --> 00:51:58,452 Just have your gardener pick 'em up in a day or two. 750 00:51:58,553 --> 00:51:59,319 Sir. 751 00:51:59,419 --> 00:52:01,321 Sir, I don't want that. 752 00:52:01,421 --> 00:52:04,659 I'd rather not have those nests in my yard. 753 00:52:05,693 --> 00:52:07,260 I have dogs, 754 00:52:07,494 --> 00:52:10,130 and that spray can't be good for them. 755 00:52:10,297 --> 00:52:11,766 It's fine, won't hurt 'em. 756 00:52:17,071 --> 00:52:18,438 Hey. 757 00:52:18,606 --> 00:52:20,041 Can I help? 758 00:52:20,273 --> 00:52:22,744 -Can I just... -Yes, go ahead. 759 00:52:22,844 --> 00:52:24,112 Excuse me. 760 00:52:24,344 --> 00:52:25,479 She doesn't want it back there. 761 00:52:25,580 --> 00:52:27,515 Did you not hear what she said? 762 00:52:27,615 --> 00:52:29,617 Yeah, but I can't take it with me today. 763 00:52:29,717 --> 00:52:31,151 My bins are full. 764 00:52:31,251 --> 00:52:32,654 Okay. Well, I guess we're just gonna have 765 00:52:32,754 --> 00:52:34,321 to figure something out then, right? 766 00:52:34,421 --> 00:52:35,657 I mean, you didn't... 767 00:52:35,757 --> 00:52:37,759 you didn't remove that for free, did you? 768 00:52:39,560 --> 00:52:40,928 No. Right? 769 00:52:42,764 --> 00:52:44,132 No, I didn't. 770 00:52:44,231 --> 00:52:45,432 So, look, if this is your tree, you go ahead 771 00:52:45,533 --> 00:52:47,234 and you leave that wherever you'd like. 772 00:52:47,334 --> 00:52:49,037 But if you do want to get paid for your work, 773 00:52:49,236 --> 00:52:51,405 you're gonna have to finish the job. 774 00:52:57,477 --> 00:52:59,413 Appreciate the cooperation. 775 00:53:03,450 --> 00:53:05,285 Did I just mansplain? 776 00:53:07,789 --> 00:53:11,224 Well, you asked for permission, so... 777 00:53:11,324 --> 00:53:12,492 And if you hadn't... 778 00:53:12,627 --> 00:53:15,997 I'd be in a white savior mode, right? 779 00:53:16,229 --> 00:53:17,598 What do you know about that? 780 00:53:17,699 --> 00:53:20,500 Well, break bad habits, never gonna get broke, right? 781 00:53:24,605 --> 00:53:27,675 Well, you asked for permission, so we'll just call it 782 00:53:27,775 --> 00:53:28,576 being neighborly. 783 00:53:28,676 --> 00:53:30,812 Okay. Let's... Let's do that. 784 00:53:33,147 --> 00:53:36,050 I haven't seen your mom and dad on their walks for a while. 785 00:53:36,150 --> 00:53:37,852 -How are they doing? -You know, 786 00:53:37,952 --> 00:53:39,252 they're slowing down. Thank you. 787 00:53:39,486 --> 00:53:42,222 But they're having the conversation about moving 788 00:53:42,322 --> 00:53:43,490 to Florida. 789 00:53:43,591 --> 00:53:45,960 But they're hanging in, you know. 790 00:53:47,795 --> 00:53:48,863 My mom, too. 791 00:53:50,098 --> 00:53:51,331 I get it. 792 00:53:54,001 --> 00:53:57,772 My mom made me promise I'd come by today. It's... 793 00:53:57,872 --> 00:53:59,406 It's my birthday, so... 794 00:54:01,109 --> 00:54:03,177 Wait... 795 00:54:03,276 --> 00:54:05,079 -Today is your birthday? -Yeah. 796 00:54:05,179 --> 00:54:07,481 -Today is your birthday? -It is. 797 00:54:08,216 --> 00:54:09,684 Yes, she... 798 00:54:09,851 --> 00:54:13,154 She made me a cake. Like I was a little kid. 799 00:54:13,487 --> 00:54:16,289 'Cause she still thinks you're her baby. 800 00:54:16,389 --> 00:54:17,625 I think it's sweet. 801 00:54:22,029 --> 00:54:23,463 Happy birthday... 802 00:54:25,099 --> 00:54:26,500 It's Brett. 803 00:54:28,301 --> 00:54:30,605 -I'm Isabel. -Yeah, I know. 804 00:54:35,375 --> 00:54:37,444 And I think birthdays are a big deal. 805 00:54:37,545 --> 00:54:40,014 -Do you? Wow. -Yes, I do. 806 00:54:40,248 --> 00:54:42,315 -Not me, honestly, but... -They should be. 807 00:54:42,415 --> 00:54:43,618 -Really? -Yes. 808 00:54:43,718 --> 00:54:44,685 Okay. 809 00:54:48,856 --> 00:54:50,525 Will you come over? 810 00:54:50,825 --> 00:54:52,260 Come have a slice of cake with us, 811 00:54:52,359 --> 00:54:53,828 you know, that would make my mom so happy. 812 00:54:53,928 --> 00:54:57,632 And... And, you know, it would make the birthday 813 00:54:57,732 --> 00:54:58,933 a big deal, 814 00:54:59,033 --> 00:55:01,636 because I don't have any idea how to do that. 815 00:55:08,943 --> 00:55:11,344 Well, I haven't seen your mom and dad for a while. 816 00:55:11,444 --> 00:55:12,647 There you go. 817 00:55:15,448 --> 00:55:16,684 I'll come in and say hi. 818 00:55:16,784 --> 00:55:18,119 -Yeah? -Yeah. 819 00:55:18,286 --> 00:55:19,486 Wow. 820 00:55:20,320 --> 00:55:23,057 - Okay. - Oh, God. 821 00:55:23,191 --> 00:55:24,625 -What? -Nothing, what? 822 00:55:24,725 --> 00:55:26,561 Come on, let's go eat some cake. 823 00:55:27,094 --> 00:55:28,896 She makes a mean cake, too. 824 00:55:29,096 --> 00:55:30,363 -Really? -Oh, yeah, she's got 825 00:55:30,463 --> 00:55:31,299 the layers going. 826 00:55:31,398 --> 00:55:32,332 What kind are we talking about? 827 00:55:32,465 --> 00:55:33,968 We're talking about, I mean... 828 00:55:34,135 --> 00:55:36,237 Hopefully, there's not gonna be, like, a fire engine on it 829 00:55:36,336 --> 00:55:37,470 like when I was seven, 830 00:55:37,605 --> 00:55:38,739 you never know with my mom. 831 00:57:23,911 --> 00:57:29,116 These are the minutes from the meeting in 1934. 832 00:57:29,417 --> 00:57:32,485 Fifteen months after the meeting, 833 00:57:32,586 --> 00:57:33,521 they become law. 834 00:57:33,621 --> 00:57:35,790 -Jim Crow laws. -Yes. 835 00:57:35,890 --> 00:57:38,359 -American race laws. -Yes. 836 00:57:38,526 --> 00:57:40,594 It's mind-blowing. 837 00:57:57,712 --> 00:57:59,380 "Our problem is different. 838 00:57:59,479 --> 00:58:01,849 Their problem is... 839 00:58:03,417 --> 00:58:07,755 Negroes with nothing to build upon. 840 00:58:07,855 --> 00:58:11,559 A problem that plays no part for us here in Germany. 841 00:58:11,659 --> 00:58:15,563 Our problem is the Jews, who must be kept 842 00:58:15,663 --> 00:58:16,964 enduringly apart." 843 00:58:17,064 --> 00:58:19,800 -What is this? -That is a transcript 844 00:58:19,900 --> 00:58:21,936 of a meeting that I saw a picture of, 845 00:58:22,036 --> 00:58:25,973 where Nazi lawyers were studying American law 846 00:58:26,073 --> 00:58:27,375 and customs 847 00:58:27,475 --> 00:58:29,710 to figure out how to pull off the Holocaust. 848 00:58:29,910 --> 00:58:33,247 Our problem is the Jews who must be kept 849 00:58:33,347 --> 00:58:34,615 enduringly apart, 850 00:58:34,715 --> 00:58:36,150 since there's no doubt that they represent 851 00:58:36,250 --> 00:58:37,818 a foreign body in the Volk. 852 00:58:38,019 --> 00:58:39,787 And segregation will never achieve the goal 853 00:58:39,887 --> 00:58:42,390 as long as the Jews have economic power 854 00:58:42,490 --> 00:58:45,126 in the German fatherland as they do have now. 855 00:58:45,359 --> 00:58:48,796 As long as they have the most beautiful automobiles, 856 00:58:49,530 --> 00:58:52,199 the most beautiful motorboats. 857 00:58:52,433 --> 00:58:54,502 As long as they play a prominent role 858 00:58:54,602 --> 00:58:56,837 in the pleasure spots and resorts 859 00:58:56,937 --> 00:58:59,607 and everywhere that costs money. 860 00:58:59,874 --> 00:59:02,176 This can only be achieved through measures 861 00:59:02,343 --> 00:59:06,747 that forbids sexual mixing of a Jew and a German, 862 00:59:06,847 --> 00:59:08,517 and imposes criminal punishment. 863 00:59:08,616 --> 00:59:11,118 We must answer the question today 864 00:59:11,352 --> 00:59:14,955 as to whether laws that the Reich will institute 865 00:59:15,222 --> 00:59:18,459 should declare only the separation of races, 866 00:59:18,626 --> 00:59:22,630 or if it should declare the superiority of one 867 00:59:22,730 --> 00:59:25,232 and the inferiority of others. 868 00:59:30,604 --> 00:59:32,807 In the fall of 1933, 869 00:59:32,907 --> 00:59:34,942 Allison Davis and his wife, 870 00:59:35,042 --> 00:59:36,377 Elizabeth, 871 00:59:36,477 --> 00:59:38,245 cut short their advanced studies 872 00:59:38,379 --> 00:59:40,114 at the University of Berlin, 873 00:59:40,214 --> 00:59:43,250 and fled Germany when Hitler took power. 874 00:59:44,585 --> 00:59:46,287 Well, we finally got proof 875 00:59:46,454 --> 00:59:49,390 that one landowner named Bailey has been whipping sharecroppers. 876 00:59:49,490 --> 00:59:51,192 Bailey's wife told me 877 00:59:51,292 --> 00:59:53,562 that's the way to manage them when they get too "uppity"? 878 00:59:53,661 --> 00:59:55,729 We heard about a tenant farmer, one county over, 879 00:59:55,830 --> 00:59:57,798 who was beaten so badly by a store merchant, 880 00:59:57,898 --> 00:59:59,266 he can't bring in a crop. 881 00:59:59,366 --> 01:00:00,367 We're headin' over there tomorrow. 882 01:00:00,468 --> 01:00:01,635 Do you know what sparked that? 883 01:00:01,735 --> 01:00:03,671 The Negro man asked for a receipt. 884 01:00:03,838 --> 01:00:05,840 Beat him right there in the store. 885 01:00:06,006 --> 01:00:10,044 It inspired him to study the process of injustice. 886 01:00:10,144 --> 01:00:14,615 This gave Dr. Davis new insight into the nature of hate. 887 01:00:14,715 --> 01:00:17,586 The other half of their team was a white couple 888 01:00:17,718 --> 01:00:20,287 named Burleigh and Mary Gardner, 889 01:00:20,387 --> 01:00:22,857 also Harvard anthropologists. 890 01:00:23,157 --> 01:00:25,826 The mission was quietly revolutionary. 891 01:00:27,261 --> 01:00:30,565 Together, all four would embed themselves 892 01:00:30,698 --> 01:00:34,536 in an isolated Southern town from both sides 893 01:00:34,635 --> 01:00:35,669 of the caste divide. 894 01:00:37,104 --> 01:00:40,774 One breach of a social order could cost them 895 01:00:40,875 --> 01:00:41,942 all their lives. 896 01:00:44,245 --> 01:00:46,581 And this was exactly what they were doing 897 01:00:46,680 --> 01:00:47,715 in Natchez, Mississippi, 898 01:00:49,049 --> 01:00:52,653 breaching the social order to study the social hierarchy 899 01:00:52,786 --> 01:00:53,721 of the South. 900 01:00:55,089 --> 01:00:57,691 A mission that would render them 901 01:00:57,858 --> 01:00:58,993 undercover investigators 902 01:00:59,160 --> 01:01:01,428 in order to fit into the community. 903 01:01:01,795 --> 01:01:03,697 This would be one of the first studies 904 01:01:03,797 --> 01:01:05,065 of its kind. 905 01:01:05,332 --> 01:01:09,336 Neither couple fully knew what they were 906 01:01:09,436 --> 01:01:10,304 getting themselves into. 907 01:01:11,772 --> 01:01:13,674 Out in public, 908 01:01:13,774 --> 01:01:17,011 they had to remain in character at all times. 909 01:01:19,313 --> 01:01:22,449 With the Davises required to show deference 910 01:01:22,551 --> 01:01:23,484 to the Gardners 911 01:01:23,585 --> 01:01:25,219 and never give the appearance 912 01:01:25,352 --> 01:01:28,856 that they were, in fact, colleagues in the trenches, 913 01:01:29,156 --> 01:01:32,726 they had to keep to their own caste performance. 914 01:01:32,826 --> 01:01:36,497 Everyone had to play the part expected of them. 915 01:01:36,797 --> 01:01:38,933 They don't need to be out on these streets. 916 01:01:39,033 --> 01:01:40,602 Seen 'em around before? 917 01:01:40,701 --> 01:01:42,002 Oh, yeah. 918 01:01:42,203 --> 01:01:44,238 Monkey's getting too big for his britches. 919 01:01:45,706 --> 01:01:47,576 Might've to train him. 920 01:01:47,676 --> 01:01:48,709 Come on. 921 01:01:52,213 --> 01:01:54,181 I don't see how we stay much longer. 922 01:01:54,281 --> 01:01:56,250 Our neighbor practically invited us 923 01:01:56,350 --> 01:01:57,718 to a lynching yesterday. 924 01:01:57,818 --> 01:01:59,621 Allison, there've been some... 925 01:01:59,887 --> 01:02:02,823 some unkind things said about you. 926 01:02:03,123 --> 01:02:05,594 I can't be sure these folks don't get in mind 927 01:02:05,694 --> 01:02:06,661 and do something. 928 01:02:06,760 --> 01:02:08,395 We're seeing similar suspicion, 929 01:02:08,495 --> 01:02:09,830 -we should consider. -Not yet. 930 01:02:09,930 --> 01:02:11,633 -Allison. -You're getting into the wide 931 01:02:11,732 --> 01:02:12,866 inner circle 932 01:02:12,967 --> 01:02:14,001 -of this town... -It's not worth our safety. 933 01:02:14,101 --> 01:02:16,103 ...and that is what we need to observe. 934 01:02:16,571 --> 01:02:18,072 We're close. 935 01:02:18,339 --> 01:02:20,274 The two couples kept on the move, 936 01:02:20,407 --> 01:02:23,110 constantly changing clandestine locations 937 01:02:23,210 --> 01:02:25,012 for safety. 938 01:02:25,246 --> 01:02:27,281 They couldn't go to each other's homes. 939 01:02:27,381 --> 01:02:30,585 Mixing of races was not allowed publicly 940 01:02:30,685 --> 01:02:34,355 in any form except subservience. 941 01:02:36,658 --> 01:02:41,996 "A most striking tenet of their embrace of supremacy 942 01:02:42,863 --> 01:02:45,499 is deference." 943 01:02:45,933 --> 01:02:48,035 That should be the core of the chapter, don't you think? 944 01:02:48,902 --> 01:02:50,204 Behavior, right? 945 01:02:51,405 --> 01:02:54,408 Deference goes beyond mere observance 946 01:02:54,509 --> 01:02:55,744 of certain formalities. 947 01:02:56,010 --> 01:02:59,079 We call them "sir" and they call us "boy" 948 01:02:59,179 --> 01:03:00,080 and "gal." 949 01:03:00,180 --> 01:03:01,382 Exactly. 950 01:03:01,516 --> 01:03:04,084 Never contradicting whites. 951 01:03:04,184 --> 01:03:05,754 Always agreeing with them. 952 01:03:05,853 --> 01:03:06,854 Evenin'. 953 01:03:08,822 --> 01:03:11,992 -Hey! -Y'all eat? 954 01:03:12,192 --> 01:03:15,462 Been out here readin' and writin' for hours. 955 01:03:17,898 --> 01:03:19,768 Greens with fatback gonna get cold. 956 01:03:19,867 --> 01:03:22,169 Hey, now, ain't gotta tell me twice. 957 01:03:22,269 --> 01:03:25,839 No. Yes, ma'am. Can't wait to try them greens. 958 01:03:25,939 --> 01:03:27,074 We'll be there. 959 01:03:29,744 --> 01:03:30,878 All right. 960 01:03:53,133 --> 01:03:54,234 Hey! 961 01:03:54,368 --> 01:03:55,469 Hi! 962 01:04:35,376 --> 01:04:39,614 The American material gives us a path to an answer. 963 01:04:40,582 --> 01:04:42,015 Yeah. 964 01:04:42,182 --> 01:04:44,084 America has succeeded here. 965 01:04:45,820 --> 01:04:49,256 Their legislation does not base itself 966 01:04:49,356 --> 01:04:52,359 on the mere idea of racial difference. 967 01:04:52,627 --> 01:04:54,529 But to the extent this legislation is aimed 968 01:04:54,629 --> 01:04:56,196 at Negroes, 969 01:04:56,296 --> 01:05:01,468 it bases itself absolutely on the idea of inferiority. 970 01:05:01,569 --> 01:05:02,903 Well, 971 01:05:03,003 --> 01:05:04,806 Germans are already convinced that the Jews 972 01:05:04,905 --> 01:05:05,973 are an inferior race. 973 01:05:07,908 --> 01:05:10,411 German laws should reflect that. 974 01:05:10,512 --> 01:05:11,613 Precisely. 975 01:05:13,515 --> 01:05:16,183 I am of the opinion that we can proceed 976 01:05:16,283 --> 01:05:20,855 with the same primitivity as the American states. 977 01:05:21,021 --> 01:05:23,957 Such a procedure would be... 978 01:05:24,158 --> 01:05:29,129 crude legally, but it would suffice. 979 01:05:31,699 --> 01:05:33,768 The Nazi blueprint, 980 01:05:34,034 --> 01:05:37,337 for the extermination of millions of people, 981 01:05:37,438 --> 01:05:41,275 was directly patterned after America's enslavement 982 01:05:41,375 --> 01:05:44,746 and segregation of Black people. 983 01:05:44,945 --> 01:05:48,817 -America taught the Nazis? -Caste in America. 984 01:05:48,917 --> 01:05:53,555 In Germany, it functions the same. 985 01:05:53,755 --> 01:05:55,590 The outcomes might be different, 986 01:05:55,690 --> 01:05:57,357 like Sabine said. 987 01:05:57,559 --> 01:05:58,560 But it is the same. 988 01:06:00,127 --> 01:06:02,162 I think that the caste system in India, 989 01:06:02,262 --> 01:06:05,132 I think that there is a connection there too, 990 01:06:05,232 --> 01:06:07,702 but... the interconnectedness. 991 01:06:09,102 --> 01:06:10,772 That is my point. 992 01:06:10,872 --> 01:06:12,239 That is what I'm saying. 993 01:06:13,775 --> 01:06:14,975 Come here. 994 01:06:34,596 --> 01:06:37,632 We proudly bestow this Ambedkar Award 995 01:06:37,732 --> 01:06:39,266 to Dr. Suraj Yengde, 996 01:06:39,366 --> 01:06:41,268 post-doctoral fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School. 997 01:07:20,775 --> 01:07:23,176 Come on, win it! Come on, win it! 998 01:07:34,454 --> 01:07:37,759 Nathaniel, I know it's gonna be worth the wait. 999 01:07:37,926 --> 01:07:39,226 Give it to me. 1000 01:07:41,161 --> 01:07:43,698 Carol, can you come and uncover this one? 1001 01:07:43,798 --> 01:07:44,699 I got it, baby. 1002 01:07:44,799 --> 01:07:46,266 This chicken looks good. 1003 01:07:50,070 --> 01:07:51,539 What? 1004 01:07:51,773 --> 01:07:57,712 Respectfully, we and everybody are just wondering about an ETA. 1005 01:07:57,879 --> 01:08:00,447 The ETA is when I say it's ready, 1006 01:08:00,548 --> 01:08:01,448 respectfully. 1007 01:08:01,916 --> 01:08:03,116 Yes, ma'am. 1008 01:08:04,719 --> 01:08:06,588 -Hi, Isabel. -Hello. 1009 01:08:06,688 --> 01:08:08,723 -How you been? -I've been all right. 1010 01:08:08,823 --> 01:08:10,758 Yeah, how are you holding up? 1011 01:08:10,925 --> 01:08:11,993 All is well. 1012 01:08:12,125 --> 01:08:13,561 How are you two? 1013 01:08:13,661 --> 01:08:14,562 We're good. 1014 01:08:14,662 --> 01:08:15,663 -Starvin'. -Good. 1015 01:08:17,331 --> 01:08:20,467 I wanted to ask if you knew one of my professors, 1016 01:08:20,568 --> 01:08:21,636 Dr. Montgomery? 1017 01:08:21,736 --> 01:08:25,073 I think he studies the same things you do. 1018 01:08:25,238 --> 01:08:29,176 No. But I'm not keeping up like I used to, so... 1019 01:08:29,276 --> 01:08:32,914 Of course. Well, he is a smart man, 1020 01:08:33,014 --> 01:08:34,348 a nice older gentleman. 1021 01:08:34,448 --> 01:08:36,283 I thought you might like to meet him. 1022 01:08:36,383 --> 01:08:39,587 He is handsome for his age, Black. 1023 01:08:41,488 --> 01:08:44,424 Why don't the two of you take this over to the Uno table? 1024 01:08:44,525 --> 01:08:46,060 And tell them we startin'. 1025 01:08:46,259 --> 01:08:47,494 -Okay. -Okay. 1026 01:08:48,062 --> 01:08:49,496 Boy. 1027 01:08:51,331 --> 01:08:52,734 They mean well. 1028 01:08:52,900 --> 01:08:55,937 You know, Brett always looked forward to these. 1029 01:08:56,269 --> 01:08:58,840 You and Mama were the only ones that let him in. 1030 01:08:59,007 --> 01:09:00,240 Folks weren't mean. 1031 01:09:00,340 --> 01:09:03,410 I know, but there was always... that. 1032 01:09:03,645 --> 01:09:05,913 "When is she gonna leave him and find herself 1033 01:09:06,014 --> 01:09:07,447 a good brother?" 1034 01:09:07,548 --> 01:09:10,518 Now, these containers, these containers we're in. 1035 01:09:10,618 --> 01:09:14,187 We... Maybe the... Maybe the label says 1036 01:09:14,287 --> 01:09:15,690 "Black woman." 1037 01:09:15,790 --> 01:09:17,859 Maybe the label says "white man, or Asian, or..." 1038 01:09:17,959 --> 01:09:20,394 Fix your face. You're too young for all that. 1039 01:09:20,494 --> 01:09:22,930 You read the label and we think we know 1040 01:09:23,031 --> 01:09:24,699 what's on the inside. 1041 01:09:24,799 --> 01:09:25,900 Y'all can eat now. 1042 01:09:27,434 --> 01:09:29,003 We trust the label. 1043 01:09:29,103 --> 01:09:31,204 We put the container on the shelf. 1044 01:09:31,304 --> 01:09:32,607 And that's it. 1045 01:09:32,974 --> 01:09:34,709 That's it. 1046 01:09:34,942 --> 01:09:36,443 Who need a kiss for good luck? 1047 01:09:36,544 --> 01:09:38,846 - Me. - 'Cause that hand is trash. 1048 01:09:41,115 --> 01:09:43,151 Come on, Mama, give me some sugar. 1049 01:09:43,383 --> 01:09:44,652 There you go. Thank you, baby. 1050 01:09:44,752 --> 01:09:46,286 Okay, so now go ahead, I'm listenin'. 1051 01:09:46,386 --> 01:09:48,422 I think that's what my book is about. 1052 01:09:50,124 --> 01:09:51,391 Ohh. Okay. 1053 01:09:53,427 --> 01:09:56,064 I forgot, which one is yours, which one is mine? 1054 01:09:56,164 --> 01:09:57,364 This one is mine. 1055 01:09:57,464 --> 01:09:59,266 Okay. Oh, here you go. 1056 01:09:59,466 --> 01:10:04,105 So, your book is about interracial relationships. 1057 01:10:04,304 --> 01:10:09,409 No, no, it's about... it's about caste. 1058 01:10:09,644 --> 01:10:15,348 That's the phenomenon of placing one group above another group. 1059 01:10:16,349 --> 01:10:17,585 In a hierarchy. 1060 01:10:17,685 --> 01:10:20,888 And the consequences to its victims 1061 01:10:20,988 --> 01:10:23,356 and presumed beneficiaries. 1062 01:10:27,128 --> 01:10:29,329 One more time in English? 1063 01:10:29,564 --> 01:10:33,701 A little Pulitzer Prize-less, if you can. 1064 01:10:33,801 --> 01:10:35,036 I can! 1065 01:10:35,203 --> 01:10:37,404 Okay, well, then do it. Make it plain. 1066 01:10:37,505 --> 01:10:40,273 Because the stuff you were saying about the Nazis 1067 01:10:40,373 --> 01:10:41,642 got me all twisted around. 1068 01:10:41,743 --> 01:10:43,711 How is that in the same book about Brett? 1069 01:10:43,811 --> 01:10:44,579 I don't get it. 1070 01:10:45,747 --> 01:10:49,016 Do you think slavery was a system 1071 01:10:49,117 --> 01:10:51,418 of terrorism and torture 1072 01:10:51,519 --> 01:10:54,856 that the Europeans used to profit off the labor 1073 01:10:54,956 --> 01:10:55,923 of Black people 1074 01:10:56,023 --> 01:10:57,692 who they considered inferior? 1075 01:10:58,559 --> 01:10:59,761 Yeah. 1076 01:10:59,861 --> 01:11:00,762 Hell yes, it was. 1077 01:11:00,862 --> 01:11:02,930 -No. -Don't shake your head, it was! 1078 01:11:03,030 --> 01:11:04,464 No, they made it all up. 1079 01:11:04,565 --> 01:11:06,067 Your girl Toni Morrison said: 1080 01:11:06,167 --> 01:11:10,104 "Why would you give your child to be nursed and raised 1081 01:11:10,204 --> 01:11:12,073 by people who you think aren't human? 1082 01:11:12,173 --> 01:11:13,473 Who are animals." 1083 01:11:13,574 --> 01:11:16,476 -Yes, Toni. -Yes, Toni. 1084 01:11:16,644 --> 01:11:19,247 It was all lies. They knew we weren't inferior, 1085 01:11:19,412 --> 01:11:22,683 but they magnified, they magnified the myths. 1086 01:11:22,850 --> 01:11:25,418 They codify them, set them in stone, 1087 01:11:26,120 --> 01:11:28,355 in systems, 1088 01:11:28,455 --> 01:11:31,491 in our laws, in our healthcare, 1089 01:11:31,592 --> 01:11:33,928 in where we live, how we learned, 1090 01:11:34,028 --> 01:11:38,032 the kind of work that we do, even our food. 1091 01:11:39,200 --> 01:11:42,203 Racism at its finest. 1092 01:11:42,302 --> 01:11:44,739 No, it's caste. 1093 01:11:44,839 --> 01:11:47,642 Everything you just said was racist. 1094 01:11:47,742 --> 01:11:49,409 Okay. Well, if it's racist, 1095 01:11:49,510 --> 01:11:52,680 then why is the same thing happening in India? 1096 01:11:52,780 --> 01:11:56,017 They're all brown. They're all Indian. 1097 01:11:56,117 --> 01:11:59,954 Marion, right now to this day, 1098 01:12:00,221 --> 01:12:02,156 there is a system in India 1099 01:12:02,256 --> 01:12:07,327 where generations of people are forced to clean sewers 1100 01:12:07,427 --> 01:12:09,530 with their hands, 1101 01:12:09,630 --> 01:12:12,867 their shit, with their hands. 1102 01:12:12,967 --> 01:12:15,502 They are beneath the lowest of the hierarchy. 1103 01:12:15,603 --> 01:12:17,638 They're called Dalits. 1104 01:12:17,872 --> 01:12:22,375 At one point, they were forced to tie brooms 1105 01:12:22,475 --> 01:12:23,911 around their waists 1106 01:12:24,011 --> 01:12:27,447 because their shadows were supposedly polluted. 1107 01:12:27,615 --> 01:12:29,349 -Mmm. -Their shadows. 1108 01:12:29,550 --> 01:12:33,120 They had to sweep behind themselves 1109 01:12:33,221 --> 01:12:34,655 when they walked. 1110 01:12:34,956 --> 01:12:38,726 How is it racist if they're all the same race? 1111 01:12:38,960 --> 01:12:43,331 Okay, do you think that Jews are white? 1112 01:12:43,496 --> 01:12:44,866 Definitely. 1113 01:12:44,966 --> 01:12:46,334 The majority are. 1114 01:12:46,433 --> 01:12:49,402 But the same thing happened to Jews in Germany 1115 01:12:49,502 --> 01:12:50,905 during the Holocaust. 1116 01:12:51,138 --> 01:12:54,342 The Nazis wanted to create an all-white republic, 1117 01:12:54,441 --> 01:12:56,711 but they hated, they hated the Jews. 1118 01:12:56,811 --> 01:12:58,980 So, they said, "How do we make the Jews 1119 01:12:59,080 --> 01:13:00,413 not white?" 1120 01:13:00,514 --> 01:13:03,450 So, they put them at the bottom of the hierarchy. 1121 01:13:03,551 --> 01:13:05,319 They said that they were greedy. 1122 01:13:05,418 --> 01:13:07,054 They said that they were dishonest. 1123 01:13:07,154 --> 01:13:10,490 They blamed them for Germany losing the First World War. 1124 01:13:10,591 --> 01:13:12,326 They blamed them for everything bad 1125 01:13:12,459 --> 01:13:14,028 that happened in Germany. 1126 01:13:14,161 --> 01:13:15,229 They were dogs. 1127 01:13:15,329 --> 01:13:18,933 "Kill them. Gas them, wipe them out." 1128 01:13:19,033 --> 01:13:22,737 The Jews and the Nazis were the same color. 1129 01:13:24,305 --> 01:13:27,474 We have to consider oppression in a way 1130 01:13:27,575 --> 01:13:30,011 that does not centralize race. 1131 01:13:30,111 --> 01:13:33,614 We do it here in America, yes, because racism is all we know. 1132 01:13:33,714 --> 01:13:35,750 But these containers, 1133 01:13:36,017 --> 01:13:39,486 the Dalits in India, Jewish people in Germany, 1134 01:13:39,587 --> 01:13:40,955 Black folks in America, 1135 01:13:41,055 --> 01:13:44,325 all these containers have something in common. 1136 01:13:44,424 --> 01:13:46,727 Race is not one of them. 1137 01:13:47,528 --> 01:13:48,863 It's caste. 1138 01:13:56,570 --> 01:13:58,539 Only took you 10 minutes 1139 01:13:58,706 --> 01:14:00,274 for that comeback. 1140 01:14:01,943 --> 01:14:06,280 Figure out how to say more of what you just said, 1141 01:14:06,446 --> 01:14:07,782 make it plain. 1142 01:14:07,982 --> 01:14:10,685 Talk to real people like you just did to me. 1143 01:14:11,419 --> 01:14:13,453 Real people. 1144 01:14:13,554 --> 01:14:14,889 Real things. 1145 01:14:18,059 --> 01:14:19,727 You know, we met in college. 1146 01:14:19,827 --> 01:14:21,494 So, one time, she comes up and saying, 1147 01:14:21,595 --> 01:14:22,863 "Can I borrow a pen?" 1148 01:14:22,964 --> 01:14:24,999 You are... That is not true! 1149 01:14:25,099 --> 01:14:26,734 And he didn't know the day of the final. 1150 01:14:26,834 --> 01:14:29,136 So he's like, "I've seen you in my class..." 1151 01:14:29,236 --> 01:14:30,604 And I'm just going... 1152 01:14:30,705 --> 01:14:32,206 "Do you know exactly what the day of the..." 1153 01:14:32,306 --> 01:14:33,441 And... See. 1154 01:14:33,541 --> 01:14:34,775 I think you were trying to get to me. 1155 01:14:34,875 --> 01:14:36,310 Let me let you in on a secret. 1156 01:14:36,410 --> 01:14:37,611 -Okay. -I knew when the final was. 1157 01:14:40,648 --> 01:14:41,649 -That's my baby. -Night. 1158 01:14:41,749 --> 01:14:43,451 Night, night. Sweet dreams. 1159 01:14:43,551 --> 01:14:44,986 Isabel. 1160 01:14:45,152 --> 01:14:46,887 Come by more often, will ya? 1161 01:14:47,088 --> 01:14:51,058 We seem to only get the lasagna when you around here. 1162 01:14:51,158 --> 01:14:53,527 I'm hearing that she's stingy with the lasagna. 1163 01:14:53,627 --> 01:14:55,196 I don't know what it is. 1164 01:14:55,296 --> 01:14:57,999 Stop, you are lying too close to Sunday, come on. 1165 01:14:59,600 --> 01:15:01,035 Love you. 1166 01:15:01,168 --> 01:15:02,136 -Good seeing you. Good night. -Good night. 1167 01:15:02,236 --> 01:15:03,637 Good to see you, too. 1168 01:15:03,771 --> 01:15:05,840 Make sure they bathe. With water, real water. 1169 01:15:05,940 --> 01:15:07,008 Yes, ma'am. 1170 01:15:07,108 --> 01:15:10,344 -And a washcloth. -I'll do my best, baby. 1171 01:15:10,511 --> 01:15:12,380 Shit, do I... What... Do I just... 1172 01:15:12,480 --> 01:15:14,115 Do I talk slow? What do I... 1173 01:15:14,215 --> 01:15:19,754 Okay, so I was in 10th grade, and we had just moved to Texas, 1174 01:15:19,954 --> 01:15:21,689 and my friend and I had this... 1175 01:15:21,789 --> 01:15:23,057 these walkie-talkies. 1176 01:15:23,157 --> 01:15:25,526 Which, you know, we'd be usin' between classes, 1177 01:15:25,626 --> 01:15:26,927 to talk or whatever. 1178 01:15:27,028 --> 01:15:28,396 And this was pre-cell phone, of course. 1179 01:15:28,496 --> 01:15:29,463 Right. 1180 01:15:29,563 --> 01:15:30,798 -Late '80s. -Right. 1181 01:15:30,898 --> 01:15:35,036 And... the principal called me to his office, 1182 01:15:35,136 --> 01:15:36,537 he was all suspicious. 1183 01:15:36,637 --> 01:15:37,805 Because he wanted to know why all these people 1184 01:15:37,972 --> 01:15:39,306 were gathered around my locker. 1185 01:15:39,407 --> 01:15:42,977 So I showed him the walkie-talkie. 1186 01:15:43,177 --> 01:15:45,046 And he asked my name. 1187 01:15:45,146 --> 01:15:48,682 And I said, "Miss Hale." 1188 01:15:49,717 --> 01:15:52,887 And he said, "What is your first name?" 1189 01:15:53,654 --> 01:15:54,922 "It's Miss." 1190 01:15:56,123 --> 01:15:59,593 I said, "What is your first name?" 1191 01:16:00,728 --> 01:16:03,597 "My name's Miss." 1192 01:16:03,697 --> 01:16:06,767 He's, "I don't have time for all this foolishness, gal. 1193 01:16:06,867 --> 01:16:09,837 "What is your real name?" 1194 01:16:10,171 --> 01:16:13,542 I've... I've repeated my damn name four times. 1195 01:16:13,641 --> 01:16:16,477 That's a direct defiance of caste. 1196 01:16:16,644 --> 01:16:18,746 The most personal I've heard yet. 1197 01:16:18,846 --> 01:16:20,214 Can you imagine that? 1198 01:16:20,314 --> 01:16:24,351 A young Black man plotting to force the respect 1199 01:16:24,452 --> 01:16:26,020 of white people. 1200 01:16:26,120 --> 01:16:29,223 Your father tore a loophole through the hierarchy. 1201 01:16:29,323 --> 01:16:30,458 It's brilliant. 1202 01:16:30,624 --> 01:16:32,660 Brilliant. Go on, go on. 1203 01:16:32,760 --> 01:16:35,863 So the principal was furious. 1204 01:16:35,963 --> 01:16:39,733 So he tells his secretary to check my records, 1205 01:16:39,834 --> 01:16:44,205 and, of course, they confirm that my legal name 1206 01:16:44,305 --> 01:16:45,973 is Miss Hale. 1207 01:16:46,073 --> 01:16:48,843 So he says to me, 1208 01:16:48,943 --> 01:16:52,646 "Hale. I don't know any Hales. 1209 01:16:52,813 --> 01:16:53,814 "You not from around here. 1210 01:16:53,914 --> 01:16:56,585 "Where's your father from?" 1211 01:16:56,884 --> 01:17:00,321 And I said, "He's from Alabama." 1212 01:17:00,421 --> 01:17:02,623 And he said, "I knew you weren't 1213 01:17:02,723 --> 01:17:04,425 from around here. 1214 01:17:04,526 --> 01:17:06,260 You know how I knew?" 1215 01:17:06,360 --> 01:17:08,028 And I said, "No." 1216 01:17:09,263 --> 01:17:12,199 And he said, real cold... 1217 01:17:13,701 --> 01:17:16,637 "'Cause you looking me in the eye. 1218 01:17:16,737 --> 01:17:19,673 Colored folk around here know better." 1219 01:17:25,246 --> 01:17:26,881 I was... 1220 01:17:28,649 --> 01:17:30,050 I was scared. 1221 01:17:33,687 --> 01:17:37,057 -You know, I was a kid. -Yeah. 1222 01:17:37,258 --> 01:17:38,425 I had never felt... 1223 01:17:41,530 --> 01:17:42,796 that... 1224 01:17:43,532 --> 01:17:46,500 that cold glare. 1225 01:17:46,800 --> 01:17:49,770 You know, he was lookin' me right in the eyes, 1226 01:17:49,937 --> 01:17:54,441 demanding that I not look him in the eyes. 1227 01:18:06,720 --> 01:18:07,922 You know, my... 1228 01:18:11,926 --> 01:18:13,460 You know, Daddy would... 1229 01:18:16,230 --> 01:18:17,264 It's okay. 1230 01:18:17,364 --> 01:18:18,699 It's okay. 1231 01:18:23,137 --> 01:18:24,471 Daddy tell me 1232 01:18:24,573 --> 01:18:26,240 again and again, 1233 01:18:26,974 --> 01:18:30,044 "Always live up to your name." 1234 01:18:34,549 --> 01:18:35,883 He said, "Miss... 1235 01:18:41,188 --> 01:18:44,358 They don't have the corner on humanity. 1236 01:18:45,359 --> 01:18:48,530 They don't have the corner on femininity. 1237 01:18:48,762 --> 01:18:53,734 They don't have the corner on what it means 1238 01:18:53,834 --> 01:18:54,902 to be a whole, noble, honorable person." 1239 01:19:03,744 --> 01:19:05,012 Far from it. 1240 01:19:15,189 --> 01:19:16,357 Thank you. 1241 01:19:30,271 --> 01:19:31,405 You okay? 1242 01:19:43,117 --> 01:19:44,885 Most relationships end. 1243 01:19:45,085 --> 01:19:47,354 Friendships, romances. 1244 01:19:47,622 --> 01:19:52,426 Divorces. I mean, separations, people grow apart. 1245 01:19:52,527 --> 01:19:53,494 They break. 1246 01:20:00,635 --> 01:20:02,102 But we didn't break. 1247 01:20:32,966 --> 01:20:35,369 We fought that night. 1248 01:20:37,338 --> 01:20:41,241 It was about something so silly, Miss. 1249 01:20:45,012 --> 01:20:47,782 I should have spent more time with her. 1250 01:20:47,915 --> 01:20:49,983 Daddy would want me to fix this. 1251 01:20:50,084 --> 01:20:52,453 For Christ's sake, would you stop, Isabel? 1252 01:20:52,587 --> 01:20:54,355 Just stop. 1253 01:20:54,656 --> 01:20:57,024 It's her idea, she made a choice, 1254 01:20:57,124 --> 01:20:58,660 she's a grown woman, let her make it. 1255 01:20:58,859 --> 01:21:00,027 It's like you hide behind this thing 1256 01:21:00,127 --> 01:21:01,095 with your mother. 1257 01:21:01,195 --> 01:21:02,496 -Hiding? -I just don't get it. 1258 01:21:02,664 --> 01:21:04,666 -Hide? I'm not hiding. -Hiding. You're hiding. 1259 01:21:04,766 --> 01:21:05,966 I'm not hiding. 1260 01:21:07,836 --> 01:21:09,571 So silly. 1261 01:21:12,607 --> 01:21:13,440 And then... 1262 01:21:14,609 --> 01:21:16,877 he offered me some pasta... 1263 01:21:17,878 --> 01:21:19,614 to apologize. 1264 01:21:29,858 --> 01:21:31,526 You want some of that pasta? 1265 01:21:35,730 --> 01:21:37,532 -Save me some. -Okay. 1266 01:21:44,938 --> 01:21:46,440 And then that was it. 1267 01:21:51,546 --> 01:21:53,147 But we didn't break. 1268 01:21:55,617 --> 01:21:57,084 We did not break. 1269 01:21:58,185 --> 01:21:59,521 We were together. 1270 01:22:01,021 --> 01:22:02,289 Till the end. 1271 01:22:04,659 --> 01:22:06,460 He should be here, Miss. 1272 01:22:07,662 --> 01:22:09,363 He should be here. 1273 01:22:36,089 --> 01:22:37,991 And the one person... 1274 01:22:38,959 --> 01:22:40,595 that I could talk to about... 1275 01:22:43,030 --> 01:22:44,998 she's gone, too. 1276 01:22:56,443 --> 01:22:59,146 What the hell am I supposed to do now? 1277 01:23:02,817 --> 01:23:04,586 Come, come, come. 1278 01:23:04,686 --> 01:23:05,687 You're okay. 1279 01:23:09,990 --> 01:23:11,492 I just wanna scream, 1280 01:23:11,593 --> 01:23:13,595 I just wanna scream, I just wanna scream. 1281 01:23:13,695 --> 01:23:14,495 Then scream. 1282 01:23:14,596 --> 01:23:16,096 Then scream. 1283 01:23:18,432 --> 01:23:19,500 Scream. 1284 01:23:29,309 --> 01:23:30,578 Roomy. 1285 01:23:30,745 --> 01:23:32,012 Fantastic light. 1286 01:23:32,914 --> 01:23:34,649 Will you update or sell as original? 1287 01:23:36,518 --> 01:23:38,786 I was thinking a fresh coat of paint. 1288 01:23:39,888 --> 01:23:41,121 Vintage it is. 1289 01:23:41,723 --> 01:23:43,056 Yeah. 1290 01:23:54,268 --> 01:23:56,436 There might be water damage there. 1291 01:23:58,540 --> 01:24:01,174 Yes, with everything going on, I just... 1292 01:24:02,109 --> 01:24:03,811 I just basically locked up the house, 1293 01:24:03,912 --> 01:24:05,045 I have to deal with it. 1294 01:24:05,212 --> 01:24:06,614 It's a process. 1295 01:24:07,615 --> 01:24:08,683 Isn't everything? 1296 01:24:10,350 --> 01:24:11,920 So what is the price difference 1297 01:24:12,020 --> 01:24:15,155 between fixing it up and selling it as is? 1298 01:24:15,924 --> 01:24:18,026 -As is? -Yeah. 1299 01:24:18,292 --> 01:24:21,428 You're basically giving this little jewel away. 1300 01:24:21,729 --> 01:24:24,064 The area's hot right now with hipsters. 1301 01:24:24,164 --> 01:24:25,867 And these older homes, when they're fixed up, 1302 01:24:25,967 --> 01:24:27,902 can sometimes double in value. 1303 01:24:28,002 --> 01:24:30,638 If you can put a few thousand towards getting it fixed, 1304 01:24:30,738 --> 01:24:32,974 you would have a competitive situation on your hands 1305 01:24:33,073 --> 01:24:34,676 with multiple bidders. 1306 01:24:38,846 --> 01:24:40,213 You write books, right? 1307 01:24:40,882 --> 01:24:42,082 A book. 1308 01:24:43,250 --> 01:24:44,719 I'm writing another one, but... 1309 01:24:46,320 --> 01:24:48,523 books don't pay as much as people think. 1310 01:24:50,190 --> 01:24:52,060 I get it. 1311 01:24:52,359 --> 01:24:54,629 Sell as a fixer and don't even worry about it. 1312 01:24:54,829 --> 01:24:56,129 Let someone else do the work. 1313 01:24:57,532 --> 01:24:59,433 So let's discuss the contract. 1314 01:24:59,601 --> 01:25:01,168 Once the property is clear, we'll go ahead 1315 01:25:01,335 --> 01:25:02,269 and do an open house, 1316 01:25:02,369 --> 01:25:03,805 that way, people can come in 1317 01:25:03,905 --> 01:25:05,105 and view the property and see what they're willing 1318 01:25:05,205 --> 01:25:06,608 to offer. 1319 01:25:06,708 --> 01:25:08,610 Like I said, we'll get multiple bidders... 1320 01:25:10,377 --> 01:25:11,579 Who is that? 1321 01:25:11,679 --> 01:25:12,847 What? They didn't wanna get 1322 01:25:12,947 --> 01:25:13,781 in trouble. 1323 01:25:16,651 --> 01:25:18,653 Stop. 1324 01:25:18,753 --> 01:25:21,656 She sucked her thumb and peed in the bed 1325 01:25:21,756 --> 01:25:23,958 'til she was 20 years old. 1326 01:25:24,058 --> 01:25:27,294 I'm not... I'm just... Stop. 1327 01:25:28,563 --> 01:25:30,464 So cute! 1328 01:25:30,565 --> 01:25:32,165 So cute. 1329 01:25:33,568 --> 01:25:35,168 Look at Mama. 1330 01:25:36,804 --> 01:25:37,605 So cute. 1331 01:25:37,705 --> 01:25:40,742 -So fine. -Yeah. 1332 01:25:40,842 --> 01:25:41,843 How much is it? 1333 01:25:44,311 --> 01:25:47,815 All four estimates are over $10,000. 1334 01:25:47,982 --> 01:25:49,617 -Damn. -Yeah. 1335 01:25:52,486 --> 01:25:54,555 You can't sell the roofless house. 1336 01:25:54,656 --> 01:25:58,225 Well, we'll have to wait till I get back. 1337 01:25:58,492 --> 01:26:01,929 -You leave when again? -Next month. 1338 01:26:02,063 --> 01:26:04,398 I have so much research to do here, 1339 01:26:04,498 --> 01:26:07,869 and I have to start a new draft soon. 1340 01:26:07,969 --> 01:26:09,804 Do you even know anybody in India? 1341 01:26:09,904 --> 01:26:11,371 Marion, here's Uncle. 1342 01:26:12,205 --> 01:26:14,241 That's the point of travelin'. 1343 01:26:14,441 --> 01:26:16,276 Meeting new people. 1344 01:26:16,577 --> 01:26:19,814 Traveling to places where you are warmly welcomed 1345 01:26:19,914 --> 01:26:21,582 by familiar faces 1346 01:26:22,750 --> 01:26:24,317 is underrated. 1347 01:26:24,585 --> 01:26:27,187 Well, I might have found an Indian professor 1348 01:26:27,922 --> 01:26:29,557 who can help me navigate. 1349 01:26:30,625 --> 01:26:31,526 "Might"? 1350 01:26:33,427 --> 01:26:34,762 No, no "might." 1351 01:28:12,425 --> 01:28:13,493 Here you are. 1352 01:28:14,427 --> 01:28:15,530 No, no, no. 1353 01:28:25,773 --> 01:28:27,708 - Thank you. - Thank you, Madame 1354 01:28:55,736 --> 01:28:56,771 Okay good. 1355 01:28:57,437 --> 01:28:58,639 Oh, good. 1356 01:29:53,961 --> 01:29:56,496 Isabel! Isabel! 1357 01:29:57,565 --> 01:29:59,533 Suraj! 1358 01:30:00,500 --> 01:30:02,502 -So good to see you. -Hello, hello. 1359 01:30:02,637 --> 01:30:04,471 Allow me to introduce my esteemed friend, 1360 01:30:04,572 --> 01:30:06,207 -Yes. -Professor Ram Kamli. 1361 01:30:06,307 --> 01:30:08,109 -Pleasure is mine. -Thank you. 1362 01:30:08,209 --> 01:30:09,310 You know what we're gonna do? 1363 01:30:09,409 --> 01:30:10,711 We're gonna go straight. 1364 01:30:10,811 --> 01:30:12,479 We're gonna walk right there. 1365 01:30:12,580 --> 01:30:14,315 - That's where we gotta go. - We're doing that? 1366 01:30:14,414 --> 01:30:15,650 We're gonna do that. 1367 01:30:15,816 --> 01:30:17,385 -You are excited? -Yes, I am. 1368 01:30:17,551 --> 01:30:20,420 Welcome to India, Isabel. So good to have you. 1369 01:30:20,588 --> 01:30:21,889 I'm happy to be here. 1370 01:30:21,989 --> 01:30:23,524 There are signals on all the corners. 1371 01:30:23,658 --> 01:30:25,626 And this is one of the... This is not four-way. 1372 01:30:25,726 --> 01:30:27,595 -This is five-way. -Five-way. 1373 01:30:27,695 --> 01:30:30,331 And if you add a person like me, 1374 01:30:30,430 --> 01:30:32,233 I make my own way. 1375 01:30:32,333 --> 01:30:34,001 -So, it's like six-way. -Six-way? 1376 01:30:36,037 --> 01:30:37,171 Oh my... 1377 01:30:45,579 --> 01:30:46,948 It's a beautiful market. 1378 01:31:07,101 --> 01:31:09,337 - I like this one. - You like this one? 1379 01:31:11,639 --> 01:31:13,107 She would like this. 1380 01:31:23,084 --> 01:31:24,452 It's for my cousin. 1381 01:31:24,585 --> 01:31:25,786 That look gorgeous. 1382 01:31:25,886 --> 01:31:26,921 Thank you. 1383 01:31:27,788 --> 01:31:29,991 Why is the statue caged? 1384 01:31:30,958 --> 01:31:32,259 Quite observant. 1385 01:31:32,393 --> 01:31:34,829 He's Baba Saheb, the leader of Dalits. 1386 01:31:34,929 --> 01:31:37,832 Isabel, he's Dr. Ambedkar. 1387 01:31:39,867 --> 01:31:42,370 This is the time when he had just completed 1388 01:31:42,470 --> 01:31:45,039 the task of drafting India's constitution. 1389 01:31:45,139 --> 01:31:48,476 There, he's holding it and standing tall. 1390 01:31:48,642 --> 01:31:51,545 You will find these statues all across the country. 1391 01:31:51,645 --> 01:31:56,150 From a busy street, square, parks, railway stations, 1392 01:31:56,250 --> 01:31:57,351 bus stations. 1393 01:31:57,451 --> 01:31:59,954 Even in people's private properties. 1394 01:32:00,121 --> 01:32:04,091 Him standing is an affirmation of our existence. 1395 01:32:05,659 --> 01:32:08,896 To us, he is revered. 1396 01:32:08,996 --> 01:32:11,732 To others, they revile him. 1397 01:32:11,999 --> 01:32:16,037 Dr. Ambedkar statues are one of the most vandalized 1398 01:32:16,137 --> 01:32:17,438 in the country. 1399 01:32:17,705 --> 01:32:20,808 The cage is to keep the vandals away. 1400 01:32:26,180 --> 01:32:29,350 Dr. Ambedkar is more than a champion 1401 01:32:29,450 --> 01:32:32,119 and a hero to the Dalit people. 1402 01:32:32,386 --> 01:32:35,723 He's the hope that lives within us. 1403 01:32:36,090 --> 01:32:38,859 He went to the heart of the problem of caste, and he thought 1404 01:32:38,959 --> 01:32:43,264 the purity was lying beneath the artifice of caste... 1405 01:32:43,364 --> 01:32:44,698 Mm-hmm. 1406 01:32:44,832 --> 01:32:48,602 and where the human population was chopped 1407 01:32:48,702 --> 01:32:51,572 into what he called fixed and definite units. 1408 01:32:52,440 --> 01:32:54,675 In America, you have what you call 1409 01:32:54,775 --> 01:32:57,478 the Blacks, the browns, the Asian, the whites 1410 01:32:57,578 --> 01:32:58,612 and et cetera. 1411 01:32:58,712 --> 01:33:00,714 Similarly, we have in India, 1412 01:33:00,815 --> 01:33:03,617 where the Dalits are supposed to be at the bottom 1413 01:33:03,717 --> 01:33:04,819 and the Brahmins at the top. 1414 01:33:04,919 --> 01:33:07,254 And between, there are various units 1415 01:33:07,354 --> 01:33:08,722 of caste. 1416 01:33:08,989 --> 01:33:13,828 What maintains this unit into continuing of caste system 1417 01:33:13,961 --> 01:33:17,498 is unending violence in the form of rape, 1418 01:33:17,598 --> 01:33:19,568 mutilation and murder. 1419 01:33:19,733 --> 01:33:24,573 In India, a Dalit person is attacked every 15 minutes. 1420 01:33:24,705 --> 01:33:28,109 Every day, 10 Dalit women are raped, 1421 01:33:28,209 --> 01:33:30,611 and these are only the reported cases. 1422 01:33:32,279 --> 01:33:35,416 Rohith Vemula's friends, family and the wider Dalit Movement 1423 01:33:35,517 --> 01:33:37,418 called it an institutional murder. 1424 01:33:37,519 --> 01:33:40,221 And they called it this because it was not simply a case 1425 01:33:40,321 --> 01:33:41,590 of suicide. 1426 01:33:41,689 --> 01:33:43,124 They said that this was an institution 1427 01:33:43,224 --> 01:33:45,560 that was systematically discriminating 1428 01:33:45,659 --> 01:33:46,894 against a young Dalit student. 1429 01:33:46,994 --> 01:33:48,829 And this was important because for a lot of us, 1430 01:33:48,929 --> 01:33:52,366 as young folks who were looking for a life of dignity 1431 01:33:52,466 --> 01:33:53,968 and respect, 1432 01:33:54,068 --> 01:33:55,604 and were looking to education and the university to give us 1433 01:33:55,703 --> 01:33:57,238 that life, 1434 01:33:57,338 --> 01:34:00,674 it showed that the specter of caste was still haunting us. 1435 01:34:00,941 --> 01:34:04,745 In a world where Dalit people are brutalized, 1436 01:34:04,912 --> 01:34:08,182 simply to keep us in our place, 1437 01:34:08,282 --> 01:34:11,752 Dr. Ambedkar remains our shining light. 1438 01:34:11,852 --> 01:34:15,890 Our guardian, our hero, our father. 1439 01:34:16,090 --> 01:34:18,527 The site of Dr. Ambedkar's last home. 1440 01:34:18,627 --> 01:34:20,394 -It's a museum now. -Ah. 1441 01:34:21,128 --> 01:34:22,496 Quite magnificent. 1442 01:34:22,763 --> 01:34:25,766 As you can see, it's an open-book concept. 1443 01:34:28,736 --> 01:34:32,039 While he is a giant among Dalits, 1444 01:34:32,273 --> 01:34:36,944 the world has failed to acknowledge his genius. 1445 01:34:37,311 --> 01:34:40,649 Dr. Ambedkar was separated from the kids of high caste 1446 01:34:40,748 --> 01:34:42,783 so as not to pollute them. 1447 01:34:48,289 --> 01:34:51,825 As a child, young Bhimrao Ambedkar 1448 01:34:51,926 --> 01:34:54,461 was not allowed to touch many of the things 1449 01:34:54,563 --> 01:34:57,031 his classmates would touch. 1450 01:34:59,967 --> 01:35:03,170 He was not even allowed to touch water at the school. 1451 01:35:03,270 --> 01:35:05,339 This is because he was considered 1452 01:35:05,439 --> 01:35:07,041 an "untouchable." 1453 01:35:09,443 --> 01:35:13,047 That was the term used for Dalits at the time. 1454 01:35:16,116 --> 01:35:20,387 Young Ambedkar was not allowed to touch or sit 1455 01:35:20,487 --> 01:35:21,656 at a desk during class. 1456 01:35:38,372 --> 01:35:39,907 But he persevered. 1457 01:35:40,007 --> 01:35:43,177 He continued to study and break barriers. 1458 01:35:47,515 --> 01:35:50,951 Dr. Ambedkar earned two PhDs. 1459 01:35:51,051 --> 01:35:53,754 One at Columbia University, 1460 01:35:53,921 --> 01:35:56,257 and the other at the London School 1461 01:35:56,357 --> 01:35:58,492 of Economics. 1462 01:35:58,859 --> 01:36:04,666 After obtaining his PhDs and passing the bar, 1463 01:36:05,032 --> 01:36:10,971 Dr. Ambedkar returned to India as a heralded scholar. 1464 01:36:11,171 --> 01:36:13,807 We have been carrying on with untouchability 1465 01:36:13,907 --> 01:36:15,175 for the last 2,000 years. 1466 01:36:15,409 --> 01:36:18,345 Nobody has bothered about it. You see? 1467 01:36:18,479 --> 01:36:22,449 Yes, there are some... some disabilities. 1468 01:36:22,550 --> 01:36:23,884 We are very harmful. 1469 01:36:23,984 --> 01:36:25,587 Apparently, people can't take water. 1470 01:36:25,754 --> 01:36:28,322 People can't have land, you see, 1471 01:36:28,422 --> 01:36:31,225 to cultivate and earn their livelihood. 1472 01:36:33,494 --> 01:36:38,733 There is an insistence on conflating caste with race. 1473 01:36:38,866 --> 01:36:40,100 Oh, yeah. 1474 01:36:40,267 --> 01:36:42,570 If I brought you to the family reunion, 1475 01:36:42,671 --> 01:36:43,672 what would you say? 1476 01:36:43,772 --> 01:36:44,773 What would you say to them? 1477 01:36:44,872 --> 01:36:48,576 My cousin Marion. My mother. 1478 01:36:52,313 --> 01:36:56,450 What would you say to them that's important for them 1479 01:36:56,551 --> 01:36:57,552 to know... 1480 01:36:58,852 --> 01:37:02,156 about you, about India, 1481 01:37:02,256 --> 01:37:06,761 about caste and our connection? 1482 01:37:07,061 --> 01:37:09,096 Our heroes found the connection. 1483 01:37:09,196 --> 01:37:11,865 And it is up to us to find it again, 1484 01:37:11,965 --> 01:37:15,936 and build upon it in sibling solidarity. 1485 01:37:16,236 --> 01:37:20,274 Bhimrao Ambedkar, a young Indian grad student, 1486 01:37:20,474 --> 01:37:23,410 he found himself in New York City. 1487 01:37:23,611 --> 01:37:26,113 Harlem, to be exact. 1488 01:37:26,480 --> 01:37:30,384 He saw kindred spirits among Black people in America. 1489 01:37:30,685 --> 01:37:35,956 Both in the oppression they faced and in their survival. 1490 01:37:38,392 --> 01:37:40,494 He immediately recognized the similarities 1491 01:37:40,628 --> 01:37:44,932 between how African Americans were treated 1492 01:37:45,032 --> 01:37:46,133 and the treatment of Dalits. 1493 01:37:50,003 --> 01:37:52,139 Asha, you've been doing some work on this right? 1494 01:37:52,272 --> 01:37:56,243 Yes, my thesis centered on Dr. King's visit to India. 1495 01:37:56,511 --> 01:37:59,146 He saw many of these things first time, 1496 01:37:59,246 --> 01:38:03,050 while he and his wife toured the country. 1497 01:38:03,150 --> 01:38:05,919 I found the way in which he wrote about India 1498 01:38:06,019 --> 01:38:09,524 to be fascinating as someone afflicted by caste 1499 01:38:09,657 --> 01:38:10,592 in their own country. 1500 01:38:11,626 --> 01:38:13,227 I used his essay 1501 01:38:13,327 --> 01:38:16,564 in the magazine of United States as the core of my research. 1502 01:38:16,731 --> 01:38:18,999 Do you know Ebony magazine? 1503 01:38:19,734 --> 01:38:21,935 Yes. 1504 01:38:22,069 --> 01:38:23,404 Yes, I know Ebony magazine. 1505 01:38:23,504 --> 01:38:26,473 Dr. King wrote about India in Ebony? 1506 01:38:26,641 --> 01:38:27,609 Yes. 1507 01:38:27,742 --> 01:38:29,443 July, 1959. 1508 01:38:29,544 --> 01:38:31,111 It is quite extraordinary. 1509 01:38:33,280 --> 01:38:36,684 And so, there is a connection between us. 1510 01:38:36,885 --> 01:38:39,153 The African Americans, the Dalits, 1511 01:38:39,253 --> 01:38:41,556 the indigenous people around the world, 1512 01:38:41,723 --> 01:38:45,159 the Palestinian people, the Roma people, Buraku people. 1513 01:38:45,259 --> 01:38:47,127 -Yes. -The outcasts of Africa 1514 01:38:47,227 --> 01:38:48,696 are still fighting for their rights. 1515 01:38:48,830 --> 01:38:50,899 Be it Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal. 1516 01:38:50,998 --> 01:38:54,067 You go to Latin America, you find outcasts 1517 01:38:54,168 --> 01:38:57,271 within the Mexican society or Brazilian society. 1518 01:38:57,371 --> 01:39:00,007 And if we think about our histories 1519 01:39:00,107 --> 01:39:02,075 through the wonderful ability of love, 1520 01:39:02,342 --> 01:39:06,614 the symbols of hate and diets of violence 1521 01:39:06,748 --> 01:39:12,019 will be replaced by compassion, care and solidarity. 1522 01:39:12,186 --> 01:39:16,256 This is the world that we have to imagine 1523 01:39:16,356 --> 01:39:19,326 for ourselves and for others 1524 01:39:19,426 --> 01:39:22,630 who have not yet seen the beauty 1525 01:39:22,730 --> 01:39:24,965 that human beings have to offer. 1526 01:39:28,703 --> 01:39:31,940 One afternoon, I went down to speak 1527 01:39:32,039 --> 01:39:33,808 in the southern part of India, 1528 01:39:33,908 --> 01:39:38,713 and I remember that afternoon that the principal got up 1529 01:39:38,813 --> 01:39:40,147 to introduce me. 1530 01:39:40,247 --> 01:39:44,151 He said, "I would like to present to you 1531 01:39:44,251 --> 01:39:45,720 a fellow untouchable 1532 01:39:45,887 --> 01:39:48,355 from the United States of America." 1533 01:39:48,523 --> 01:39:51,325 And for the moment, I was peeved. I was shocked 1534 01:39:51,492 --> 01:39:54,995 that I would be introduced as an untouchable. 1535 01:39:55,095 --> 01:39:58,633 But pretty soon, my mind ran back across 1536 01:39:58,733 --> 01:40:00,200 to America. 1537 01:40:00,568 --> 01:40:04,973 And I had to say to myself, I am an untouchable. 1538 01:40:05,105 --> 01:40:08,810 And segregation is evil and sinful 1539 01:40:08,910 --> 01:40:11,111 because it stigmatizes 1540 01:40:11,211 --> 01:40:13,648 the segregated as an untouchable 1541 01:40:13,748 --> 01:40:16,183 in a caste system. 1542 01:40:16,450 --> 01:40:19,152 And this is why I'm convinced 1543 01:40:19,253 --> 01:40:25,492 that we have the moral edict, a moral mandate, 1544 01:40:25,760 --> 01:40:30,063 to work to get rid of this unjust and evil system. 1545 01:41:17,311 --> 01:41:20,715 I'll put the phone near her. 1546 01:41:20,882 --> 01:41:21,749 Okay. 1547 01:41:29,524 --> 01:41:30,490 Baby. 1548 01:41:35,763 --> 01:41:36,864 You're on speaker. 1549 01:41:38,098 --> 01:41:39,466 She's... 1550 01:41:41,335 --> 01:41:43,403 She hasn't been responding to folks. 1551 01:41:47,107 --> 01:41:48,342 I understand. 1552 01:41:54,849 --> 01:41:56,116 Marion. 1553 01:41:56,951 --> 01:41:58,251 It's Isabel. 1554 01:42:01,589 --> 01:42:02,790 Hi, cousin. 1555 01:42:06,995 --> 01:42:08,763 I called to say goodbye. 1556 01:42:13,001 --> 01:42:14,636 I believe you can hear me. 1557 01:42:16,904 --> 01:42:18,606 You mean so much to me. 1558 01:42:23,511 --> 01:42:26,648 I remember everything you have ever said to me. 1559 01:42:27,915 --> 01:42:29,917 From the time that we were kids 1560 01:42:31,351 --> 01:42:34,187 until the last time I heard your voice. 1561 01:42:36,024 --> 01:42:37,324 I'll never forget it. 1562 01:42:40,427 --> 01:42:42,295 I'll never forget you. 1563 01:42:45,800 --> 01:42:47,735 You will walk with me. 1564 01:42:50,337 --> 01:42:52,674 You will live in me. 1565 01:42:54,207 --> 01:42:55,810 For as long as I'm here. 1566 01:43:00,648 --> 01:43:01,816 Watch over me. 1567 01:43:05,820 --> 01:43:07,722 Cover me, okay? 1568 01:43:11,491 --> 01:43:15,797 I won't see you, but you'll see me. 1569 01:43:18,900 --> 01:43:23,336 There's more to life than what you can see. 1570 01:43:25,707 --> 01:43:28,475 You're going to experience it all. 1571 01:43:35,683 --> 01:43:38,553 I love you. I love you. I love you. 1572 01:43:53,266 --> 01:43:54,902 I could stay around for a bit. 1573 01:43:56,104 --> 01:43:58,673 Don't you dare. You go. 1574 01:43:58,906 --> 01:44:01,609 So you can come home and you can write your stories. 1575 01:44:01,709 --> 01:44:03,945 'Cause folks need to know about this. 1576 01:44:27,835 --> 01:44:28,603 The pillars are working. 1577 01:44:28,703 --> 01:44:30,738 You know, it gives it shape. 1578 01:44:30,838 --> 01:44:32,372 Good, good. 1579 01:44:32,607 --> 01:44:34,575 Then how many of them will there be? 1580 01:44:35,275 --> 01:44:37,678 Six or seven. 1581 01:44:38,079 --> 01:44:39,547 Maybe eight. 1582 01:44:39,781 --> 01:44:41,516 And you are going to make this deadline? 1583 01:44:41,616 --> 01:44:43,618 I am going to make this deadline. 1584 01:44:43,718 --> 01:44:45,820 This self-imposed deadline. 1585 01:44:45,920 --> 01:44:48,222 Well, I don't have anyone to push me anymore, 1586 01:44:48,321 --> 01:44:49,356 so I have to push myself. 1587 01:45:26,459 --> 01:45:30,330 A caste system needs scaffolding 1588 01:45:30,430 --> 01:45:33,868 in order to maintain its hierarchies. 1589 01:45:43,343 --> 01:45:45,478 Dr. Ambedkar wrote, 1590 01:45:45,580 --> 01:45:48,348 "Caste is an artificial chopping up 1591 01:45:48,448 --> 01:45:52,019 of the population into fixed units. 1592 01:45:52,119 --> 01:45:54,755 Each unit is prevented from fusing into another 1593 01:45:54,856 --> 01:45:57,558 through the custom called endogamy." 1594 01:46:28,356 --> 01:46:31,359 In showing how endogamy is maintained, 1595 01:46:31,458 --> 01:46:34,929 we can prove the genesis and mechanism of caste. 1596 01:46:36,631 --> 01:46:39,800 Endogamy is defined as restricting marriage 1597 01:46:39,901 --> 01:46:42,036 to people within the same caste. 1598 01:47:04,926 --> 01:47:07,361 This is an ironclad foundation 1599 01:47:07,460 --> 01:47:09,196 of any caste system. 1600 01:47:10,564 --> 01:47:13,935 From ancient India, to the Nazi regime, 1601 01:47:14,101 --> 01:47:15,836 to the American colonizers. 1602 01:47:32,353 --> 01:47:35,323 Endogamy enforces caste boundaries 1603 01:47:35,423 --> 01:47:37,858 by forbidding marriage, sexual relations 1604 01:47:37,959 --> 01:47:41,395 or even the appearance of romantic interest 1605 01:47:41,494 --> 01:47:42,863 across caste lines. 1606 01:47:43,064 --> 01:47:46,634 It builds a firewall between certain people. 1607 01:48:02,984 --> 01:48:05,920 By closing off legal family connection, 1608 01:48:06,120 --> 01:48:09,256 endogamy purposely blocks sense of empathy 1609 01:48:09,423 --> 01:48:13,027 and shared destiny between people. 1610 01:48:16,130 --> 01:48:16,998 Mama! 1611 01:48:22,003 --> 01:48:23,070 Mama! 1612 01:48:32,279 --> 01:48:35,883 It was the caste system, through the practice 1613 01:48:35,983 --> 01:48:37,685 of endogamy, 1614 01:48:37,785 --> 01:48:39,820 which essentially regulated people's romantic choices 1615 01:48:39,987 --> 01:48:41,689 over the course of centuries, 1616 01:48:41,789 --> 01:48:46,260 that created and reinforced the idea of races. 1617 01:48:50,097 --> 01:48:54,135 By permitting only those with similar physical traits 1618 01:48:54,235 --> 01:48:55,102 to legally mate. 1619 01:48:59,240 --> 01:49:03,077 Endogamy laws written and enforced by white men 1620 01:49:03,177 --> 01:49:06,881 designed the population of the United States. 1621 01:49:12,853 --> 01:49:17,124 If you were not a white man and you violated that... 1622 01:49:19,460 --> 01:49:23,931 An unknowable number of lives were lost due to endogamy... 1623 01:49:26,000 --> 01:49:28,569 the defining pillar of caste. 1624 01:49:31,639 --> 01:49:35,376 It triggered the most publicized cases 1625 01:49:35,476 --> 01:49:36,877 of lynchings in America. 1626 01:49:37,111 --> 01:49:40,915 A protocol strictly enforced against Black men 1627 01:49:41,048 --> 01:49:42,483 and white women. 1628 01:49:42,583 --> 01:49:44,085 Front row seat, darlin'. 1629 01:49:54,829 --> 01:49:57,398 One of the foremost scholars of caste 1630 01:49:57,498 --> 01:49:59,366 in America once wrote, 1631 01:49:59,534 --> 01:50:01,368 "Tied to what one looked like, 1632 01:50:01,536 --> 01:50:05,372 membership in either the upper or the lowest caste 1633 01:50:05,473 --> 01:50:06,340 is immutable. 1634 01:50:08,309 --> 01:50:10,244 Fixed from birth to death. 1635 01:50:10,344 --> 01:50:11,879 Inescapable. 1636 01:50:11,979 --> 01:50:16,717 One may neither earn nor wed their way out." 1637 01:50:16,817 --> 01:50:20,589 That scholar was Dr. Allison Davis. 1638 01:50:20,821 --> 01:50:23,124 The Davis and Gardner team emerged 1639 01:50:23,224 --> 01:50:26,293 with perhaps the most comprehensive study, 1640 01:50:26,393 --> 01:50:29,630 to this day, of the American caste system. 1641 01:50:30,397 --> 01:50:31,799 Their book, Deep South, 1642 01:50:31,899 --> 01:50:35,402 is a quietly revolutionary landmark experiment 1643 01:50:35,503 --> 01:50:37,972 in interracial scholarship. 1644 01:50:38,205 --> 01:50:42,276 The Davises and the Gardners remained lifelong friends. 1645 01:50:56,991 --> 01:51:00,227 Nazi Germany, the United States and India 1646 01:51:00,327 --> 01:51:04,365 all reduced Jews, African Americans and Dalits 1647 01:51:04,465 --> 01:51:08,570 to an undifferentiated mass of nameless, 1648 01:51:08,669 --> 01:51:09,670 faceless scapegoats. 1649 01:51:14,108 --> 01:51:17,646 Millennia ago, Dalits were called 1650 01:51:17,745 --> 01:51:19,947 the "untouchables" of India. 1651 01:51:22,216 --> 01:51:27,188 Enforced into the degrading work of manual scavenging, 1652 01:51:27,321 --> 01:51:30,791 the practice of cleaning excrement 1653 01:51:30,891 --> 01:51:33,360 from toilets and open drains by hand 1654 01:51:33,460 --> 01:51:36,330 in exchange for leftover food. 1655 01:51:42,403 --> 01:51:45,906 The only thing that they have to protect their bodies... 1656 01:51:47,374 --> 01:51:48,909 is oil, 1657 01:51:49,276 --> 01:51:50,844 each other... 1658 01:51:50,978 --> 01:51:52,479 and their prayers. 1659 01:51:56,483 --> 01:52:01,889 To refuse is to invite severe punishment or death. 1660 01:52:01,989 --> 01:52:04,458 This persists to this day. 1661 01:52:10,364 --> 01:52:13,100 The trade and sale of African people 1662 01:52:13,234 --> 01:52:16,870 demolished communities, obliterated families 1663 01:52:17,037 --> 01:52:19,273 and tore flesh from spirit. 1664 01:52:23,844 --> 01:52:25,879 Human beings were tortured to death, 1665 01:52:25,980 --> 01:52:28,916 and thrown overboard on slave ships 1666 01:52:29,016 --> 01:52:30,084 during the Middle Passage. 1667 01:52:39,628 --> 01:52:43,230 Upon their arrival at the concentration camps, 1668 01:52:43,330 --> 01:52:45,567 Jews were stripped of the clothing 1669 01:52:45,667 --> 01:52:47,835 of their former lives. 1670 01:52:53,807 --> 01:52:55,943 Their heads were shaved. 1671 01:52:56,143 --> 01:52:58,647 Distinguishing features like sideburns 1672 01:52:58,747 --> 01:53:02,349 or red hair were deleted from them. 1673 01:53:02,717 --> 01:53:06,554 They were no longer personalities to engage with. 1674 01:53:06,655 --> 01:53:08,757 They became a single mass, 1675 01:53:08,889 --> 01:53:11,593 purposely easier for SS officers 1676 01:53:11,693 --> 01:53:13,494 to distance themselves from. 1677 01:53:26,307 --> 01:53:30,411 Indian activists explained that the manual scavenger 1678 01:53:30,578 --> 01:53:34,415 is not a form of employment, but an injustice 1679 01:53:34,516 --> 01:53:36,183 akin to slavery. 1680 01:53:36,483 --> 01:53:40,421 It is one of the most prominent forms of discrimination 1681 01:53:40,522 --> 01:53:41,690 against Dalits, 1682 01:53:41,790 --> 01:53:43,490 and it is central to the violation 1683 01:53:43,658 --> 01:53:44,425 of their human rights, 1684 01:53:46,460 --> 01:53:48,429 to their dehumanization. 1685 01:53:53,768 --> 01:53:58,573 Through violent storms at sea, starvation, mutilation 1686 01:53:58,673 --> 01:54:00,274 and rape, 1687 01:54:00,374 --> 01:54:02,811 Black people were stacked and squeezed into the hulls 1688 01:54:02,910 --> 01:54:04,378 of ships 1689 01:54:04,478 --> 01:54:07,448 to be sold into further unfathomable terror. 1690 01:54:13,320 --> 01:54:16,423 Their bodies did not belong to them... 1691 01:54:18,526 --> 01:54:23,397 but to the dominating caste to do with however it wished. 1692 01:54:26,300 --> 01:54:29,436 No longer daughter of a fisherman, 1693 01:54:29,637 --> 01:54:31,872 or a nephew of the midwife, 1694 01:54:33,040 --> 01:54:35,710 loving mothers, 1695 01:54:35,810 --> 01:54:39,346 headstrong nephews, dedicated bakers 1696 01:54:39,480 --> 01:54:41,081 and watchmakers, 1697 01:54:41,181 --> 01:54:44,418 all merged into a single mass of undifferentiated bodies. 1698 01:54:44,519 --> 01:54:48,288 No longer seen as humans deserving empathy... 1699 01:54:49,524 --> 01:54:54,529 but as objects over whom control could be exerted. 1700 01:54:54,763 --> 01:54:56,363 They were no longer people. 1701 01:54:59,166 --> 01:55:00,968 They were numbers. 1702 01:55:18,352 --> 01:55:19,987 Dehumanized. 1703 01:55:36,704 --> 01:55:40,040 Now a soulless animal. 1704 01:55:49,784 --> 01:55:51,151 Not human. 1705 01:56:04,532 --> 01:56:08,435 It is harder to dehumanize a single person standing 1706 01:56:08,536 --> 01:56:09,904 in front of you, 1707 01:56:10,170 --> 01:56:13,775 harder to dehumanize an individual 1708 01:56:13,875 --> 01:56:15,042 you've gotten the chance to know. 1709 01:56:20,915 --> 01:56:24,519 Which is why people and groups who seek power and division 1710 01:56:24,619 --> 01:56:28,523 don't bother with dehumanizing an individual. 1711 01:56:28,690 --> 01:56:32,760 Better to attach a stigma, a taint of pollution, 1712 01:56:32,861 --> 01:56:34,461 to an entire group. 1713 01:56:38,766 --> 01:56:40,367 Dehumanize the group 1714 01:56:40,467 --> 01:56:43,470 and you've successfully dehumanized 1715 01:56:43,571 --> 01:56:46,206 every individual person within it. 1716 01:56:57,585 --> 01:57:00,420 Racism is not the same as caste. 1717 01:57:00,588 --> 01:57:03,858 Because race does not matter in order for the system 1718 01:57:03,958 --> 01:57:05,058 to work. 1719 01:57:44,097 --> 01:57:48,603 "Little League team wins championship." 1720 01:58:01,549 --> 01:58:02,550 Mama. 1721 01:58:02,650 --> 01:58:05,687 "Little League team... splashes." 1722 01:58:07,154 --> 01:58:08,523 It's true. 1723 01:58:11,926 --> 01:58:13,795 Go, go, go! 1724 01:58:34,082 --> 01:58:36,017 It was a hot day like today. 1725 01:58:37,150 --> 01:58:39,219 We were pretty excited 1726 01:58:39,319 --> 01:58:41,556 because we had just won the city championship 1727 01:58:41,656 --> 01:58:44,692 when the coach told us he was bringing us to this park. 1728 01:58:44,792 --> 01:58:48,195 And we're gonna get to eat and go swimming. 1729 01:58:48,328 --> 01:58:49,964 We were quite excited, as you can imagine. 1730 01:58:50,064 --> 01:58:55,603 And then the park ranger came over and pointed out Al. 1731 01:58:55,770 --> 01:58:56,738 Hey, boy! 1732 01:59:03,778 --> 01:59:05,747 -Yes, sir? -You can't be in here right now. 1733 01:59:05,847 --> 01:59:07,180 And you know better. 1734 01:59:07,280 --> 01:59:09,149 - Who you with? - Everything okay here? 1735 01:59:09,517 --> 01:59:11,719 -This boy with your team? -He's one of my players. 1736 01:59:11,819 --> 01:59:12,920 You know how long it'd take for our maintenance crew 1737 01:59:13,021 --> 01:59:13,921 to clean this up? 1738 01:59:14,022 --> 01:59:15,389 Disinfect it? 1739 01:59:15,489 --> 01:59:16,456 -Disinfect what... -This is a whites-only pool. 1740 01:59:16,557 --> 01:59:18,291 We didn't know. Being young kids, 1741 01:59:18,392 --> 01:59:20,360 we didn't understand what was going on. 1742 01:59:20,460 --> 01:59:22,930 -Yeah. -And yet we wanted 1743 01:59:23,031 --> 01:59:24,264 to go in the pool 1744 01:59:24,364 --> 01:59:26,100 because it was so hot that day, too. 1745 01:59:26,199 --> 01:59:28,368 And then the park ranger, he said, 1746 01:59:28,502 --> 01:59:30,872 "If he goes in, nobody goes in." 1747 01:59:44,686 --> 01:59:49,423 So, they took Al outside to a blanket out there. 1748 01:59:49,724 --> 01:59:52,392 But, you know, we kept looking back at Al, 1749 01:59:52,492 --> 01:59:54,394 and seeing, why was he over there. 1750 01:59:55,596 --> 01:59:59,967 So, a few of my friends and I went over to talk to him 1751 02:00:00,101 --> 02:00:01,669 and to make sure he was okay. 1752 02:00:01,836 --> 02:00:05,106 So it felt strange when that happened, 1753 02:00:05,238 --> 02:00:06,506 that he was over there 1754 02:00:06,607 --> 02:00:07,575 -and you guys were here. -Yeah, it felt separate. 1755 02:00:07,675 --> 02:00:09,342 -He was on our team. -Yeah. Right, right. 1756 02:00:09,443 --> 02:00:11,278 And he was a big part of our team, and then, 1757 02:00:11,378 --> 02:00:14,314 they wouldn't let him in. 1758 02:00:14,749 --> 02:00:17,552 Some of the parents brought him over some food to eat. 1759 02:00:17,719 --> 02:00:19,721 -He sat there by himself? Ugh. -By himself. 1760 02:00:21,756 --> 02:00:24,826 And then, the coach talked to the park ranger again 1761 02:00:24,926 --> 02:00:26,293 and said, 1762 02:00:26,393 --> 02:00:27,394 "Hey, you've gotta let this kid in, at least 1763 02:00:27,494 --> 02:00:28,730 for a little swim." 1764 02:00:28,830 --> 02:00:33,034 -Yes, yes. -So he talked to the coach 1765 02:00:33,134 --> 02:00:35,069 and he said, "There's only one way 1766 02:00:35,169 --> 02:00:36,236 -I'm going to let this happen." -Mm-hmm. 1767 02:00:38,539 --> 02:00:41,008 Everybody out. Come on, now. 1768 02:00:41,109 --> 02:00:42,977 Come on. Come on. 1769 02:00:43,144 --> 02:00:44,579 Come on out now. Come on. 1770 02:01:05,733 --> 02:01:07,135 You cannot touch that water, boy. 1771 02:01:07,235 --> 02:01:08,603 You hear me? 1772 02:01:12,039 --> 02:01:13,473 Keep your balance. 1773 02:01:17,545 --> 02:01:19,346 Do not touch that water. 1774 02:01:25,253 --> 02:01:26,486 Real still. 1775 02:02:03,724 --> 02:02:04,859 Real still. 1776 02:02:21,209 --> 02:02:22,577 Don't touch the water. 1777 02:02:44,665 --> 02:02:49,103 It really affected us and we didn't know what to do. 1778 02:02:49,203 --> 02:02:50,838 Right. 1779 02:02:51,105 --> 02:02:53,007 And it still bothers me today. 1780 02:02:55,176 --> 02:02:58,913 As a kid, we just want to play baseball and swim. 1781 02:03:00,781 --> 02:03:03,017 We didn't know what to do. 1782 02:03:03,317 --> 02:03:05,452 And I wish I could do it over again. 1783 02:03:06,988 --> 02:03:08,923 Because I don't think I did enough. 1784 02:03:12,360 --> 02:03:13,628 How old were you? 1785 02:03:14,362 --> 02:03:15,630 I was nine. 1786 02:03:16,864 --> 02:03:17,932 Nine years old. 1787 02:03:30,211 --> 02:03:34,282 Al Bright went on to become an artist 1788 02:03:34,382 --> 02:03:35,616 and educator. 1789 02:03:35,950 --> 02:03:38,853 He was the first full-time Black faculty member 1790 02:03:38,953 --> 02:03:43,824 at his alma mater, Youngstown State University. 1791 02:03:43,991 --> 02:03:47,094 I missed talking to him for the book 1792 02:03:47,194 --> 02:03:48,996 by a matter of months. 1793 02:03:49,096 --> 02:03:52,366 He passed away at age 82. 1794 02:03:52,700 --> 02:03:56,570 But a part of him died that afternoon in 1951. 1795 02:04:03,443 --> 02:04:05,445 You're going to be fine. 1796 02:04:11,218 --> 02:04:13,754 You're going to be just fine. 1797 02:05:24,392 --> 02:05:27,528 The tragedy of caste 1798 02:05:28,863 --> 02:05:32,166 is that we are judged on the very things 1799 02:05:32,299 --> 02:05:33,734 that we cannot change. 1800 02:05:33,901 --> 02:05:38,539 Signposts on our bodies of gender and ancestry, 1801 02:05:38,639 --> 02:05:42,777 superficial differences that have nothing to do 1802 02:05:42,877 --> 02:05:45,112 with who we are on the inside. 1803 02:05:47,681 --> 02:05:52,186 The goal of this work has not been to resolve issues 1804 02:05:52,286 --> 02:05:55,456 of a millennia-old phenomenon, 1805 02:05:55,790 --> 02:05:58,726 but to bear witness to its presence 1806 02:05:58,859 --> 02:06:00,928 in our everyday lives, 1807 02:06:01,028 --> 02:06:05,266 to shine a light on its history despite those 1808 02:06:05,366 --> 02:06:06,967 who would deny it, 1809 02:06:07,068 --> 02:06:10,504 despite those who would withhold it from us even, 1810 02:06:11,372 --> 02:06:16,110 who try to convince us that we don't need to know. 1811 02:06:20,147 --> 02:06:22,850 We need to know. 1812 02:06:24,952 --> 02:06:31,826 You don't escape trauma by ignoring it. 1813 02:06:35,096 --> 02:06:39,233 You escape trauma by confronting it. 1814 02:06:46,373 --> 02:06:49,210 When you live in an old house, 1815 02:06:49,511 --> 02:06:52,581 you may not want to go in the basement after a storm 1816 02:06:52,713 --> 02:06:54,516 to see what the rains have brought. 1817 02:06:54,615 --> 02:06:58,853 But choose not to look at your own peril. 1818 02:07:05,292 --> 02:07:08,429 We're all like homeowners who've inherited a house 1819 02:07:08,530 --> 02:07:12,099 on a piece of land that's beautiful 1820 02:07:12,199 --> 02:07:13,167 on the outside. 1821 02:07:13,300 --> 02:07:14,935 But the soil is unstable. 1822 02:07:23,043 --> 02:07:28,349 People say I had nothing to do with how this all started. 1823 02:07:28,517 --> 02:07:29,750 I never owned slaves. 1824 02:07:29,850 --> 02:07:31,652 I didn't mistreat untouchables. 1825 02:07:31,752 --> 02:07:33,988 I didn't gas Jews. 1826 02:07:34,155 --> 02:07:37,825 And, yes, not one of us was around 1827 02:07:37,925 --> 02:07:39,994 when this house was built. 1828 02:07:45,567 --> 02:07:47,935 But here we are. 1829 02:07:48,035 --> 02:07:50,337 The current occupants of a property 1830 02:07:50,437 --> 02:07:53,642 with stress cracks built into the foundation, 1831 02:07:53,741 --> 02:07:56,677 and a roof that must be replaced. 1832 02:08:06,621 --> 02:08:10,592 We are the heirs to whatever is right or wrong with it. 1833 02:08:10,791 --> 02:08:13,093 We didn't erect the uneven pillars, 1834 02:08:13,194 --> 02:08:15,829 but they are ours to deal with now. 1835 02:08:24,606 --> 02:08:27,341 The cracks won't fix themselves. 1836 02:08:34,215 --> 02:08:37,718 Any more deterioration is on our watch. 1837 02:08:45,192 --> 02:08:48,429 Caste is not simply hatred. 1838 02:08:55,604 --> 02:09:00,575 It is the worn grooves of routine and expectation. 1839 02:09:00,774 --> 02:09:02,309 Patterns of a social order 1840 02:09:02,409 --> 02:09:06,615 that have been in place so long, it looks natural... 1841 02:09:06,715 --> 02:09:07,781 when it isn't. 1842 02:09:12,687 --> 02:09:16,490 Caste is everywhere, yet invisible. 1843 02:09:20,127 --> 02:09:23,397 No one avoids exposure to its message, 1844 02:09:23,497 --> 02:09:25,065 and the message is simple. 1845 02:09:27,434 --> 02:09:30,838 One kind of person is more deserving of freedom 1846 02:09:30,938 --> 02:09:33,307 than another kind. 1847 02:09:35,510 --> 02:09:38,912 Freedom to love whoever you want to love. 1848 02:09:47,722 --> 02:09:50,958 Freedom to go wherever you want to go. 1849 02:09:55,863 --> 02:09:59,701 Freedom to express yourself however you want 1850 02:09:59,833 --> 02:10:00,834 to express yourself. 1851 02:10:04,606 --> 02:10:10,477 Freedom to resist and fight for your human right to do so.