1 00:00:42,795 --> 00:00:44,379 [Tray] Ella, I know you wanna say it. 2 00:00:44,505 --> 00:00:45,714 Go ahead. 3 00:00:45,839 --> 00:00:47,216 [Ella] I'm not gonna say it. 4 00:00:47,341 --> 00:00:48,133 But you wanna? 5 00:00:48,258 --> 00:00:49,134 Yeah, I do. 6 00:00:49,259 --> 00:00:50,552 I know. Go ahead. 7 00:00:50,677 --> 00:00:52,012 I told you so. 8 00:00:52,137 --> 00:00:53,889 See? Always with the "I told you so." 9 00:00:54,014 --> 00:00:56,391 'Cause I told you so! [Ella laughing] 10 00:00:56,517 --> 00:00:58,310 You's right this time. 11 00:00:58,435 --> 00:00:59,728 Uh, what you mean, "this time"? 12 00:00:59,853 --> 00:01:01,563 I'm always right. 13 00:01:01,688 --> 00:01:03,524 [Tray] Aight, aight, I got you. Calm down, calm down. 14 00:01:03,649 --> 00:01:05,317 [Ella] Aight, so get your little candy or whatever. 15 00:01:05,442 --> 00:01:07,152 - And call me back. - [Tray] Aight. 16 00:01:11,698 --> 00:01:12,533 [cashier] Hey. 17 00:01:17,538 --> 00:01:19,164 3.50. 18 00:01:29,716 --> 00:01:31,218 [rain falling] 19 00:01:45,899 --> 00:01:47,442 [Tray] Like, I don't know, some... 20 00:01:47,568 --> 00:01:49,278 Oh, oh, oh... You know, like, breakfast. 21 00:01:49,403 --> 00:01:51,071 - [Ella] Okay, breakfast. - [Tray] I like me some eggs... 22 00:01:51,196 --> 00:01:53,240 You like grits, berries. I got you. 23 00:01:53,365 --> 00:01:55,701 You got me? I don't know if I want... You like berries? 24 00:01:55,826 --> 00:01:57,286 What, you be eating berries with pancakes? 25 00:01:57,411 --> 00:01:58,662 Yeah, I eat berries with pancakes. 26 00:01:58,787 --> 00:02:00,497 Like blueberry pancakes. They're so bomb. 27 00:02:00,622 --> 00:02:02,291 [Tray] See, okay, okay. We've gotta have fun. 28 00:02:02,416 --> 00:02:04,084 We gotta do our own thing. I feel like... 29 00:02:04,209 --> 00:02:06,295 We gotta do our own thing. It's gonna be amazing. 30 00:02:06,420 --> 00:02:07,462 I'm really excited... 31 00:02:07,588 --> 00:02:08,630 [soft music] 32 00:02:08,755 --> 00:02:11,341 [Ella continues indistinctly] 33 00:02:15,846 --> 00:02:17,431 - Tray? - Hey, I think... 34 00:02:17,556 --> 00:02:19,850 I think this car's following me. 35 00:02:19,975 --> 00:02:22,269 What? For real? 36 00:02:22,394 --> 00:02:24,313 [Tray] It keeps looping around the block. 37 00:02:24,438 --> 00:02:28,442 Dang. Try goin' another way. 38 00:02:28,567 --> 00:02:29,943 Call me when you get home, okay? 39 00:02:30,068 --> 00:02:31,028 All right. 40 00:03:00,557 --> 00:03:01,683 Mama? 41 00:03:10,901 --> 00:03:12,110 Mama? 42 00:03:16,490 --> 00:03:17,950 Afternoon. 43 00:03:21,662 --> 00:03:28,043 Afternoon. Are you sleeping or kinda? 44 00:03:28,168 --> 00:03:29,294 Kinda. 45 00:03:32,506 --> 00:03:34,091 Hey, Sleeping Beauty. 46 00:03:37,052 --> 00:03:39,846 - Hello. - Hey. Hi. Hi. 47 00:03:43,308 --> 00:03:46,269 Want to sit up? Sit up. 48 00:03:46,395 --> 00:03:48,772 There you go. All right. 49 00:03:48,897 --> 00:03:50,357 Come on, one more time. 50 00:03:50,482 --> 00:03:52,734 - That's good. That's good. - Okay. 51 00:03:52,859 --> 00:03:56,154 - Okay. - How's that? 52 00:03:56,279 --> 00:03:57,990 Yeah. There we go. 53 00:03:58,115 --> 00:03:59,741 Sweetie with you? 54 00:03:59,866 --> 00:04:02,995 He's bringing the trash around back. 55 00:04:03,120 --> 00:04:05,706 Ah, yeah, garbage day. 56 00:04:05,831 --> 00:04:09,126 Everything in its right place. 57 00:04:09,251 --> 00:04:11,837 Of course you know how to do it, 58 00:04:11,962 --> 00:04:14,297 but you don't have to do it, not while I'm here. 59 00:04:14,423 --> 00:04:17,259 Don't take my job from me, please. 60 00:04:17,384 --> 00:04:19,594 There's only so much joy left for me in this world, 61 00:04:19,720 --> 00:04:22,597 you gotta let me have it now. 62 00:04:22,723 --> 00:04:24,057 Okay. 63 00:04:27,519 --> 00:04:28,562 You ready? 64 00:04:35,986 --> 00:04:37,029 Come here. 65 00:04:44,661 --> 00:04:45,912 Okay. 66 00:04:46,038 --> 00:04:49,041 Go slow, okay? Come on. 67 00:04:49,166 --> 00:04:52,169 I got you. Okay. 68 00:04:52,294 --> 00:04:54,921 [Mama] Could you tell me how many apartments there are in... 69 00:04:55,047 --> 00:04:57,174 [man] We have 200 units. 70 00:04:57,299 --> 00:04:59,009 - [Mama] 200, okay. - [man] 200 units. 71 00:04:59,134 --> 00:04:59,968 [Mama] And everything... 72 00:05:00,093 --> 00:05:01,553 Kitchen, full kitchen... 73 00:05:01,678 --> 00:05:03,680 Full kitchen and... Yeah, that's... 74 00:05:03,805 --> 00:05:05,223 Well, everyone looks really nice. 75 00:05:05,348 --> 00:05:09,144 - Yes. It's a great group. - You know, Mr. Mayhew, 76 00:05:09,269 --> 00:05:11,688 my husband was a Tuskegee Airman. 77 00:05:11,813 --> 00:05:14,441 Fought for America in World War II. 78 00:05:14,566 --> 00:05:16,109 Oh. 79 00:05:16,234 --> 00:05:19,613 Oh, this is a gym here, yeah? 80 00:05:19,738 --> 00:05:22,157 Beautiful, open 24 hours. 81 00:05:37,464 --> 00:05:39,216 Oh, thank you. 82 00:05:42,219 --> 00:05:43,303 Thank you. 83 00:05:46,515 --> 00:05:47,390 [sighs] 84 00:05:54,231 --> 00:05:57,067 So, um, you've got a really nice kitchen. 85 00:06:02,697 --> 00:06:05,826 Hey. 86 00:06:05,951 --> 00:06:11,039 - At least there's good light. - Mmm. Yeah. 87 00:06:11,164 --> 00:06:12,833 [sighing] 88 00:06:17,420 --> 00:06:19,673 Look at that cloud. 89 00:06:19,798 --> 00:06:24,719 I see a swimming pool with boys jumping in. 90 00:06:24,845 --> 00:06:27,931 - Where? - There. Look. 91 00:06:28,056 --> 00:06:29,266 There's the arms. 92 00:06:29,391 --> 00:06:33,395 Oh, yeah, I see it. I see it. I see it. 93 00:06:33,520 --> 00:06:37,649 They're a Little League team, just won the big game, 94 00:06:37,774 --> 00:06:40,694 celebrating and having a ball. [chuckling] 95 00:06:40,819 --> 00:06:42,070 See the splashes? 96 00:06:42,195 --> 00:06:43,989 [laughing] 97 00:06:44,114 --> 00:06:45,365 [Isabel] Mama. 98 00:06:45,490 --> 00:06:47,909 Little League team. Splashes. 99 00:06:48,034 --> 00:06:49,911 [laughing] 100 00:06:50,036 --> 00:06:51,329 It's true. 101 00:06:54,833 --> 00:06:57,752 You and your imagination. 102 00:06:57,878 --> 00:07:00,380 [soft music] 103 00:07:06,261 --> 00:07:09,347 You gonna be all right? 104 00:07:09,472 --> 00:07:11,308 [heavy sigh] 105 00:07:11,433 --> 00:07:13,810 Yes. 106 00:07:13,935 --> 00:07:15,896 I'm gonna be all right, honey. 107 00:07:19,232 --> 00:07:21,443 I'm going to be all right. 108 00:07:21,568 --> 00:07:22,777 Okay. 109 00:07:29,618 --> 00:07:32,454 If anybody can maneuver, it's your ma. 110 00:07:32,579 --> 00:07:35,332 Okay? What's she say all the time? 111 00:07:35,457 --> 00:07:38,168 "My husband was a Tuskegee Airman." 112 00:07:38,293 --> 00:07:39,753 [both chuckling] 113 00:07:39,878 --> 00:07:41,838 Listen, I know keeping elders at home 114 00:07:41,963 --> 00:07:43,840 is supposed to be a noble thing and all, 115 00:07:43,965 --> 00:07:45,800 but there's something to be said 116 00:07:45,926 --> 00:07:48,345 for keeping her as independent as she can be. 117 00:07:48,470 --> 00:07:51,973 - Where'd you find them? - Next to the lamp. 118 00:07:52,098 --> 00:07:54,226 Under a scarf with the ringer off. 119 00:07:54,351 --> 00:07:56,061 [Isabel] Ugh... 120 00:07:56,186 --> 00:07:58,813 [Brett] You've got to use the hook. That is what it is there for. 121 00:07:58,939 --> 00:08:00,732 Is that Mr. Brett? 122 00:08:00,857 --> 00:08:03,318 - Oh! - [Isabel] Ready to go out? 123 00:08:03,443 --> 00:08:05,528 Is this Marion? How's Teddy? 124 00:08:05,654 --> 00:08:08,031 You know, working my nerves, but what else is new? 125 00:08:08,156 --> 00:08:10,492 [laughing] 126 00:08:10,617 --> 00:08:13,870 - You need some paper towels? - Yeah. 127 00:08:13,995 --> 00:08:15,914 Let's not miss this flight, okay? 128 00:08:19,292 --> 00:08:21,878 I love you. Please be safe, okay? 129 00:08:22,003 --> 00:08:22,963 Okay. 130 00:08:28,260 --> 00:08:29,970 You got your boarding pass? 131 00:08:34,266 --> 00:08:36,268 - I knew you had that. - Yeah, you knew it, huh? 132 00:08:36,393 --> 00:08:37,644 - You got it. - Bye. 133 00:08:37,769 --> 00:08:38,770 Bye, baby. 134 00:08:46,695 --> 00:08:50,532 [pensive music] 135 00:09:04,296 --> 00:09:07,173 [Isabel] The shipyard owners of Blohm & Voss 136 00:09:07,299 --> 00:09:10,135 gather for a ceremony celebrating the company's 137 00:09:10,260 --> 00:09:14,264 new 295-foot vessel. 138 00:09:14,389 --> 00:09:17,434 [men shouting] 139 00:09:17,559 --> 00:09:19,352 Adopted by the Nazis, 140 00:09:19,477 --> 00:09:22,731 a "heil" salute was mandatory for German citizens. 141 00:09:22,856 --> 00:09:24,566 [speaking German] 142 00:09:24,691 --> 00:09:26,693 But if you look closely, 143 00:09:26,818 --> 00:09:31,656 you'll find someone who defied this. 144 00:09:31,781 --> 00:09:35,952 His name is believed to be August Landmesser. 145 00:09:36,077 --> 00:09:40,248 He had joined the Nazi Party two years before this day, 146 00:09:40,373 --> 00:09:42,292 but in that time, 147 00:09:42,417 --> 00:09:45,045 August met and fell in love with a woman 148 00:09:45,170 --> 00:09:49,007 unlike any he'd ever met. 149 00:09:49,132 --> 00:09:54,220 Unlike any he was supposed to have met. 150 00:09:54,346 --> 00:09:56,723 Irma Eckler. 151 00:09:56,848 --> 00:09:58,224 A Jewish woman. 152 00:10:00,643 --> 00:10:03,063 [both chuckling] 153 00:10:03,188 --> 00:10:05,774 [speaking German] An unexpected treat. You're early. 154 00:10:05,899 --> 00:10:07,650 I'm a surprise. 155 00:10:07,776 --> 00:10:09,611 That you are. 156 00:10:09,736 --> 00:10:10,987 A handsome one. 157 00:10:14,783 --> 00:10:17,619 [in English] Although a member of the dominant class, 158 00:10:17,744 --> 00:10:23,875 August saw in Irma what others like him chose not to see. 159 00:10:26,419 --> 00:10:30,256 Her humanity, her beauty, 160 00:10:30,382 --> 00:10:31,674 her love. 161 00:10:35,762 --> 00:10:38,306 On this day, 162 00:10:38,431 --> 00:10:41,267 he folded his arms 163 00:10:41,393 --> 00:10:48,691 rather than salute a regime that deemed that love illegal. 164 00:10:48,817 --> 00:10:52,112 On this day, he was brave. 165 00:10:55,073 --> 00:10:59,119 He couldn't have been the only one who felt something tragic 166 00:10:59,244 --> 00:11:01,621 was happening. 167 00:11:01,746 --> 00:11:05,375 So why was he the only one among the men 168 00:11:05,500 --> 00:11:08,545 to not go along that day? 169 00:11:08,670 --> 00:11:11,756 Perhaps we can reflect on what it would mean 170 00:11:11,881 --> 00:11:14,467 to be him today. 171 00:11:18,179 --> 00:11:21,766 I'll leave you with that. 172 00:11:21,891 --> 00:11:23,101 Thank you. 173 00:11:23,226 --> 00:11:25,353 [applause] 174 00:11:32,193 --> 00:11:33,236 - Good luck. - Thank you. 175 00:11:33,361 --> 00:11:36,364 Bye. 176 00:11:36,489 --> 00:11:37,949 Let me get this. 177 00:11:38,074 --> 00:11:41,202 [woman speaking at the podium] 178 00:11:41,327 --> 00:11:42,454 - Thank you. - Thank you. 179 00:11:42,579 --> 00:11:44,539 - Water? - I'm fine. Thank you so much. 180 00:11:47,417 --> 00:11:49,836 Thank you. 181 00:11:49,961 --> 00:11:52,130 Isabel, Isabel. Hey! 182 00:11:52,255 --> 00:11:53,923 Amari! [laughing] 183 00:11:54,048 --> 00:11:55,842 I didn't know you were speaking. 184 00:11:55,967 --> 00:11:57,469 No, no, no, one of my reporters is. 185 00:11:57,594 --> 00:11:59,262 Hey, can you guys give me a minute? Okay. 186 00:11:59,387 --> 00:12:01,723 - You were solid. - Uh... 187 00:12:01,848 --> 00:12:03,183 - Nice work. - I am a better writer 188 00:12:03,308 --> 00:12:04,601 than I am a speaker. 189 00:12:04,726 --> 00:12:05,977 Yeah, well, you're a better writer 190 00:12:06,102 --> 00:12:07,687 than most people do anything. 191 00:12:07,812 --> 00:12:11,191 So, listen, I was gonna reach out to you on something. 192 00:12:11,316 --> 00:12:14,944 So I'm gonna take seeing you as a sign. 193 00:12:15,069 --> 00:12:18,281 This... This Trayvon Martin case. 194 00:12:18,406 --> 00:12:19,574 [heavy sigh] 195 00:12:19,699 --> 00:12:21,534 - I know. - Have you heard the tapes? 196 00:12:21,659 --> 00:12:23,161 No. Of what? 197 00:12:25,455 --> 00:12:27,207 Not the murder? 198 00:12:27,332 --> 00:12:29,375 911 calls. This killer called 911 199 00:12:29,501 --> 00:12:31,044 before he did it. 200 00:12:31,169 --> 00:12:33,588 And tapes of people that heard the boy screaming out 201 00:12:33,713 --> 00:12:34,923 and called the police. 202 00:12:37,592 --> 00:12:39,719 - Is this public? - No. 203 00:12:39,844 --> 00:12:41,012 But it's being released. 204 00:12:41,137 --> 00:12:43,264 Slowly. 205 00:12:43,389 --> 00:12:45,850 But we got him. 206 00:12:45,975 --> 00:12:47,393 Are you interested in listening, 207 00:12:47,519 --> 00:12:49,604 to consider writing something for us? 208 00:12:52,982 --> 00:12:54,025 [scoffs] 209 00:12:54,150 --> 00:12:57,570 Amari, you have a stable of writers. 210 00:12:57,695 --> 00:13:00,031 They don't have Pulitzer Prizes. 211 00:13:00,156 --> 00:13:01,950 Some of them do, actually. 212 00:13:02,075 --> 00:13:04,744 Yeah, well, then they're not as brilliant as you 213 00:13:04,869 --> 00:13:07,664 on things like this. 214 00:13:07,789 --> 00:13:10,708 - You know what I do. - Yeah, and I know what you used to do. 215 00:13:10,833 --> 00:13:12,752 Some of the best reporting I've ever edited. 216 00:13:12,877 --> 00:13:14,295 I write books now. 217 00:13:14,420 --> 00:13:17,507 So, that one book you wrote took way too damn long. 218 00:13:17,632 --> 00:13:21,386 It was a masterpiece and whatnot, but... 219 00:13:21,511 --> 00:13:26,349 it took too long, Isabel, if you ask me. Writers write. 220 00:13:26,474 --> 00:13:27,850 So write. 221 00:13:32,855 --> 00:13:36,985 I don't do assignments anymore. I... 222 00:13:37,110 --> 00:13:40,321 I wanna be in the story. 223 00:13:40,446 --> 00:13:45,743 Really inside the story. 224 00:13:45,868 --> 00:13:48,496 And, yes, that takes time. 225 00:13:48,621 --> 00:13:51,124 Okay. 226 00:13:51,249 --> 00:13:52,959 Maybe after you hear the tapes. 227 00:13:53,084 --> 00:13:54,752 I'm gonna send them to you. 228 00:13:54,877 --> 00:13:57,005 - Okay. - Okay. No pressure. 229 00:14:51,184 --> 00:14:52,435 [clears throat] 230 00:14:56,564 --> 00:14:59,525 [pensive music] 231 00:15:02,278 --> 00:15:03,780 [sighs] 232 00:15:16,709 --> 00:15:20,505 Sanford Police Department. Is there a report of the shots? 233 00:15:20,630 --> 00:15:22,840 [caller] Hey, we've had some break-ins in my neighbourhood. 234 00:15:22,965 --> 00:15:27,845 And there's a real suspicious guy, uh... 235 00:15:27,970 --> 00:15:30,515 This guy looks like he is up to no good, 236 00:15:30,640 --> 00:15:32,475 or he's on drugs or something. 237 00:15:32,600 --> 00:15:34,060 [officer] Okay, he's just walking around the area... 238 00:15:34,185 --> 00:15:35,520 [caller] Looking at all the houses. 239 00:15:35,645 --> 00:15:38,106 It's raining and he's just walking around, 240 00:15:38,231 --> 00:15:40,108 - looking about. - [officer] Okay. 241 00:15:42,652 --> 00:15:44,237 [caller] And he's a Black male. 242 00:15:49,575 --> 00:15:51,494 Now he's just staring at me. 243 00:15:53,913 --> 00:15:55,623 [officer] Did you see what he was wearing? 244 00:15:55,748 --> 00:15:58,668 [caller] Yeah, a dark hoodie, like, a gray hoodie, 245 00:15:58,793 --> 00:16:02,630 and either jeans or sweatpants, and white tennis shoes. 246 00:16:09,470 --> 00:16:11,514 - Shit, he's running. - [officer] He's running? 247 00:16:11,639 --> 00:16:13,683 Which way is he running? 248 00:16:13,808 --> 00:16:17,770 [caller] Down towards the other entrance to the neighbourhood. 249 00:16:17,895 --> 00:16:22,108 These assholes, they always get away. 250 00:16:22,233 --> 00:16:24,277 [officer] Are you following him? 251 00:16:24,402 --> 00:16:27,071 - Yeah. - Okay, we don't need you to do that. 252 00:16:27,196 --> 00:16:28,281 Okay? 253 00:16:33,327 --> 00:16:35,455 All right, sir, what is your name? 254 00:16:35,580 --> 00:16:36,831 George. 255 00:16:36,956 --> 00:16:40,084 He ran. 256 00:16:40,209 --> 00:16:42,587 [officer] All right, George, what's your last name? 257 00:16:42,712 --> 00:16:45,465 Zimmerman. 258 00:16:45,590 --> 00:16:47,592 [officer 2] 911. Do you need police, fire or medical? 259 00:16:47,717 --> 00:16:51,387 [woman] Maybe both, I'm not sure. There's just someone screaming outside. 260 00:16:51,512 --> 00:16:53,139 [screaming] 261 00:16:53,264 --> 00:16:54,932 [officer 2] Okay, what's the address that they're near? 262 00:16:55,057 --> 00:16:56,517 [woman] 1211 Twin Trees Lane. 263 00:16:56,642 --> 00:16:58,936 [officer 2] And is it a male or female? 264 00:16:59,061 --> 00:17:01,981 - It sounds like a male. - And you don't know why? 265 00:17:02,106 --> 00:17:04,192 I don't know why. I think they're yelling "help," 266 00:17:04,317 --> 00:17:06,027 but I don't know. 267 00:17:06,152 --> 00:17:09,030 [screaming] 268 00:17:09,155 --> 00:17:10,907 [officer 2] So you think he's yelling "help"? 269 00:17:11,032 --> 00:17:12,325 [woman] Yes. 270 00:17:12,450 --> 00:17:14,494 I can't see him. I don't want to go out there, 271 00:17:14,619 --> 00:17:16,621 I don't know what's going on, so... 272 00:17:16,746 --> 00:17:18,456 [gunshot] 273 00:17:18,581 --> 00:17:21,167 Just... gunshots. 274 00:17:21,292 --> 00:17:23,669 - You just heard gunshots? - Yes. 275 00:17:23,795 --> 00:17:26,130 - How many? - Just one. 276 00:17:30,635 --> 00:17:33,429 [officer 2] Is he right outside 1211 Twin Trees Lane? 277 00:17:33,554 --> 00:17:35,848 [woman] Yeah, pretty much. Out the back, yes. 278 00:17:45,608 --> 00:17:48,236 [heavy breathing] 279 00:18:15,179 --> 00:18:19,517 [soft piano music] 280 00:18:19,642 --> 00:18:22,019 - Good to see you. - Thank you. You too. 281 00:18:22,144 --> 00:18:24,355 Hi. 282 00:18:24,480 --> 00:18:25,439 - Hey. - Hi! 283 00:18:25,565 --> 00:18:27,149 Looking gorgeous. 284 00:18:27,275 --> 00:18:29,235 - Oh, Brett. How are you? - Hi. Yeah. How are you? 285 00:18:29,360 --> 00:18:31,320 - You well? Great to see you. - Okay, and you. 286 00:18:31,445 --> 00:18:32,947 He's wearing that tux very well. 287 00:18:33,072 --> 00:18:34,365 - Very well. - [chuckling] 288 00:18:34,490 --> 00:18:35,992 - He can hear you. - [Brett] Well, he can. 289 00:18:36,117 --> 00:18:37,952 But he's grateful, thank you. 290 00:18:38,077 --> 00:18:39,453 - Hi. - Hello. 291 00:18:39,579 --> 00:18:43,374 Amari Selvan asked me twice if you were coming. 292 00:18:43,499 --> 00:18:45,376 He wants something for the paper. 293 00:18:45,501 --> 00:18:47,503 He's made that very clear. 294 00:18:47,628 --> 00:18:50,214 You interested? We can time it with the audiobook. 295 00:18:50,339 --> 00:18:52,383 [indistinct talking] 296 00:18:57,430 --> 00:18:58,598 Did you listen? 297 00:19:01,559 --> 00:19:05,271 Yeah. Yeah. 298 00:19:05,396 --> 00:19:06,439 It's a lot. 299 00:19:06,564 --> 00:19:08,149 - Yeah. - It's a lot. 300 00:19:08,274 --> 00:19:10,985 There's a lot there. But longer-form stuff, 301 00:19:11,110 --> 00:19:12,737 questions that I don't have the answer to. 302 00:19:12,862 --> 00:19:14,155 So ask them in a piece. 303 00:19:14,280 --> 00:19:19,035 I don't write questions. I write answers. 304 00:19:19,160 --> 00:19:21,078 Questions like what? 305 00:19:21,203 --> 00:19:24,415 Like why does a Latino man deputize himself 306 00:19:24,540 --> 00:19:29,003 to stalk a Black boy to protect an all-white community? 307 00:19:29,128 --> 00:19:31,130 - What is that? - The racist bias I want you to explore, 308 00:19:31,255 --> 00:19:33,007 excavate for the readers. 309 00:19:33,132 --> 00:19:37,053 We call everything "racism." What does it even mean anymore? 310 00:19:37,178 --> 00:19:40,306 It's the default. When did that happen? 311 00:19:40,431 --> 00:19:41,974 - Hey, Brett. - How are you doing? 312 00:19:42,099 --> 00:19:44,477 So, what? So you're saying that he isn't a racist? 313 00:19:44,602 --> 00:19:46,395 No, I'm not saying that he's not a racist. 314 00:19:46,520 --> 00:19:50,232 I'm questioning, why is everything racist? 315 00:19:50,358 --> 00:19:52,818 - This feels like a setup. - I've been there. 316 00:19:52,944 --> 00:19:54,111 [chuckling] 317 00:19:59,367 --> 00:20:01,202 [Isabel] Okay. 318 00:20:01,327 --> 00:20:02,954 - Home ownership. - [Amari] Okay. 319 00:20:03,079 --> 00:20:04,830 Covenants were written into land deeds 320 00:20:04,956 --> 00:20:07,416 barring Black people from having wills. 321 00:20:07,541 --> 00:20:09,585 No generational wealth allowed. 322 00:20:09,710 --> 00:20:11,712 We could not pass on what we earned 323 00:20:11,837 --> 00:20:14,465 to our kids for almost 500 years. 324 00:20:14,590 --> 00:20:16,384 Every time, we'd have to start from zero. 325 00:20:16,509 --> 00:20:20,888 So, if we are not allowed to pass on the fruits 326 00:20:21,013 --> 00:20:23,099 of our labour to our family, 327 00:20:23,224 --> 00:20:27,186 is that the same racism that took Trayvon's life? 328 00:20:27,311 --> 00:20:30,481 Systemic racism. Yes, same. 329 00:20:30,606 --> 00:20:32,566 Are you sure? 330 00:20:32,692 --> 00:20:34,527 Are you sure? 331 00:20:34,652 --> 00:20:36,320 What does it mean? 332 00:20:36,445 --> 00:20:38,239 Murders of Black people by the police, 333 00:20:38,364 --> 00:20:40,157 we call that racism. 334 00:20:40,282 --> 00:20:42,243 - Everything's the same. - I get it. 335 00:20:42,368 --> 00:20:43,703 Being followed in a department store 336 00:20:43,828 --> 00:20:45,621 and being lynched shouldn't be called the same thing, 337 00:20:45,746 --> 00:20:50,001 - I get that. - Racism as the primary language 338 00:20:50,126 --> 00:20:53,754 to understand everything 339 00:20:53,879 --> 00:20:55,256 is insufficient. 340 00:20:55,381 --> 00:20:56,924 - [Amari] See, this is good. - That's all. 341 00:20:57,049 --> 00:20:58,843 This is good. 342 00:20:58,968 --> 00:21:01,512 Look, I need a piece delving into what the Martin case means. 343 00:21:01,637 --> 00:21:03,764 Set the context with these questions, 344 00:21:03,889 --> 00:21:05,349 it's what you do best. 345 00:21:05,474 --> 00:21:07,977 Make the hard stuff digestible. And this is a hard one. 346 00:21:08,102 --> 00:21:10,563 "What does it all mean?" 347 00:21:10,688 --> 00:21:13,232 These questions are the piece. 348 00:21:13,357 --> 00:21:15,651 Hey, I'll make it splashy, prime placement, Sunday. 349 00:21:15,776 --> 00:21:17,153 - Maybe even the cover. - You're terrible. 350 00:21:17,278 --> 00:21:18,320 You're terrible, Amari. 351 00:21:18,446 --> 00:21:20,531 I'm just saying. Your face on the cover? 352 00:21:25,202 --> 00:21:27,496 There's a lot there. There's a lot there. 353 00:21:27,621 --> 00:21:29,206 But I am on hiatus. 354 00:21:29,331 --> 00:21:31,751 - Isabel, come on. Come on. - I am. I am. 355 00:21:31,876 --> 00:21:34,336 I... I have family responsibilities. 356 00:21:37,923 --> 00:21:39,759 Well... 357 00:21:39,884 --> 00:21:42,928 [Amari] Well, good for you for taking time. 358 00:21:43,054 --> 00:21:44,638 - We'll talk again. - All right. 359 00:21:44,764 --> 00:21:46,682 Hey, you two take care, all right? 360 00:21:46,807 --> 00:21:50,478 Good to see you. All right. 361 00:21:50,603 --> 00:21:52,271 - I don't like this. - Okay. 362 00:21:52,396 --> 00:21:53,898 Okay. Okay. 363 00:21:54,023 --> 00:21:55,816 [laughing] 364 00:21:55,941 --> 00:21:57,026 [man speaking on TV] 365 00:21:57,151 --> 00:21:58,402 - [contestant] I don't... - She's wrong. 366 00:21:58,527 --> 00:22:00,154 She just said the only movie she knows. 367 00:22:00,279 --> 00:22:01,322 [TV continues] 368 00:22:01,447 --> 00:22:04,909 Oh, she deserves to lose that money. 369 00:22:05,034 --> 00:22:07,870 ...speak to an issue that obviously has gotten a lot of attention 370 00:22:07,995 --> 00:22:09,663 over the course of the last week, 371 00:22:09,789 --> 00:22:12,374 the issue of the Trayvon Martin ruling. 372 00:22:12,500 --> 00:22:13,751 I gave a preliminary statement... 373 00:22:13,876 --> 00:22:15,503 That poor child's mother. 374 00:22:15,628 --> 00:22:17,338 ...right after the ruling on Sunday. 375 00:22:17,463 --> 00:22:21,342 I wish he'd answered the man right. 376 00:22:21,467 --> 00:22:22,843 What was that, Mama? 377 00:22:22,968 --> 00:22:25,930 I wish he had answered the man 378 00:22:26,055 --> 00:22:29,767 when he asked him why he was there in the neighbourhood. 379 00:22:29,892 --> 00:22:32,728 Maybe he'd still be with us. 380 00:22:32,853 --> 00:22:35,231 Are you saying it's the boy's fault? 381 00:22:35,356 --> 00:22:38,317 No, of course not, don't be silly. 382 00:22:38,442 --> 00:22:44,281 I'm saying you got to act in a way to keep you safe. 383 00:22:44,406 --> 00:22:47,076 He was... 384 00:22:47,201 --> 00:22:48,953 He was too young to know it. 385 00:22:49,078 --> 00:22:51,831 He shouldn't have had to answer to anyone. 386 00:22:51,956 --> 00:22:54,917 "Should have" and real life are two different things, 387 00:22:55,042 --> 00:22:57,545 darling, you know that. 388 00:22:57,670 --> 00:23:01,215 You can't be walking around at night on a white street 389 00:23:01,340 --> 00:23:04,009 and not expect trouble. 390 00:23:04,135 --> 00:23:07,263 That's intimidating to most whites. 391 00:23:07,388 --> 00:23:08,722 True or not? 392 00:23:16,605 --> 00:23:18,524 Yeah. 393 00:23:18,649 --> 00:23:22,862 Yeah. Unfortunately, I think it is true. 394 00:23:22,987 --> 00:23:24,864 But I also think that you can't live your life 395 00:23:24,989 --> 00:23:27,366 based on what's intimidating to people. 396 00:23:32,663 --> 00:23:34,540 Sure you can, sweetie. 397 00:23:44,592 --> 00:23:46,468 [Brett] So you're going on hiatus, huh, 398 00:23:46,594 --> 00:23:48,971 - is what you're doing? - Huh? 399 00:23:49,096 --> 00:23:50,806 You told Amari you were going on hiatus, 400 00:23:50,931 --> 00:23:54,310 you told me that you were gonna be travelling less for work. 401 00:23:54,435 --> 00:23:56,478 So I'm just trying to figure out what exactly it is 402 00:23:56,604 --> 00:23:58,939 that you're gonna do. 'Cause... 403 00:23:59,064 --> 00:24:01,775 I said I wanted to focus on her. 404 00:24:01,901 --> 00:24:04,195 Okay. 405 00:24:04,320 --> 00:24:08,741 People are asking you to write because of your voice, 406 00:24:08,866 --> 00:24:11,243 because they... the way you think. 407 00:24:11,368 --> 00:24:13,954 - I just... I don't know what you're doing. - She... 408 00:24:14,079 --> 00:24:15,748 She doesn't belong in that place. 409 00:24:15,873 --> 00:24:17,124 Oh, right. 410 00:24:17,249 --> 00:24:19,293 [Isabel] She should be at home. 411 00:24:19,418 --> 00:24:22,546 She moved because she was lonely. 412 00:24:22,671 --> 00:24:25,132 I should've spent more time with her. 413 00:24:25,257 --> 00:24:27,051 Daddy would want me to fix this. 414 00:24:27,176 --> 00:24:29,136 Hmm. 415 00:24:29,261 --> 00:24:30,930 I think your father was pretty clear 416 00:24:31,055 --> 00:24:33,057 that what he wanted was for you to be happy, 417 00:24:33,182 --> 00:24:35,684 people to be happy. 418 00:24:35,809 --> 00:24:38,562 Sacrificing your work, well, that's gonna accomplish exactly 419 00:24:38,687 --> 00:24:40,898 the opposite, so... 420 00:24:41,023 --> 00:24:42,983 Your mother was very clear about what she wanted. 421 00:24:43,108 --> 00:24:44,777 It's not that, so... 422 00:24:59,541 --> 00:25:02,544 [soft music] 423 00:25:38,580 --> 00:25:43,168 - [man] I don't see it, Betty. - Maybe it's checked out. 424 00:25:43,294 --> 00:25:45,004 [Isabel] In 1933, 425 00:25:45,129 --> 00:25:50,259 two African-American anthropologists were studying in Berlin. 426 00:25:50,384 --> 00:25:52,136 There are no books here at all by him. 427 00:25:52,261 --> 00:25:55,097 At the premier library in the city. 428 00:25:55,222 --> 00:25:58,767 The country. 429 00:25:58,892 --> 00:26:01,854 Beautiful library, though. 430 00:26:01,979 --> 00:26:05,024 I could get lost in all these books forever. 431 00:26:05,149 --> 00:26:06,608 All these ideas. 432 00:26:06,734 --> 00:26:07,985 [laughing] 433 00:26:12,865 --> 00:26:15,784 [speaking German] Your library card. 434 00:26:15,909 --> 00:26:19,496 Good afternoon. Of course. 435 00:26:19,621 --> 00:26:21,040 And your passports. 436 00:26:33,927 --> 00:26:39,058 Can you tell us when Erich Maria Remarque's 'All Quiet on the Western Front' is due back? 437 00:26:47,775 --> 00:26:50,110 (heavy music) 438 00:27:07,294 --> 00:27:11,590 [in English] They witnessed events that would change the world. 439 00:27:22,476 --> 00:27:23,477 Baby. 440 00:27:29,650 --> 00:27:32,653 Brett. 441 00:27:32,778 --> 00:27:35,781 [disturbing music] 442 00:27:48,460 --> 00:27:50,254 [no audible dialogue] 443 00:28:13,068 --> 00:28:17,614 [priest] By trade, Brett Hamilton was a mathematician, 444 00:28:17,739 --> 00:28:20,826 a financial analyst. 445 00:28:20,951 --> 00:28:25,330 By heart, he was a passionate champion 446 00:28:25,456 --> 00:28:28,542 for those he loved deeply. 447 00:28:28,667 --> 00:28:31,128 He played classical guitar, 448 00:28:31,253 --> 00:28:33,714 was an enthusiastic cook, 449 00:28:33,839 --> 00:28:35,841 and volunteered his time and efforts 450 00:28:35,966 --> 00:28:38,552 to those less fortunate. 451 00:28:38,677 --> 00:28:41,763 In college, he joined Phi Kappa Tau, 452 00:28:41,889 --> 00:28:43,348 Delta Chapter, 453 00:28:43,474 --> 00:28:46,852 and with his friends, enjoyed caving trips, 454 00:28:46,977 --> 00:28:49,980 watching thunderstorms, 455 00:28:50,105 --> 00:28:53,192 and debating the big stuff. 456 00:28:53,317 --> 00:28:55,944 Recently, he travelled extensively in Europe, 457 00:28:56,069 --> 00:29:00,324 accompanying his beloved in her professional activities 458 00:29:00,449 --> 00:29:01,992 in the cause of social justice. 459 00:29:02,117 --> 00:29:05,162 I'm Mrs. Copeland from across the street. 460 00:29:05,287 --> 00:29:06,705 How is Isabel? 461 00:29:06,830 --> 00:29:11,043 She's... she's resting right now. 462 00:29:11,168 --> 00:29:12,711 [sighs] 463 00:29:12,836 --> 00:29:15,631 I can't believe it. 464 00:29:15,756 --> 00:29:19,927 [Marion] Thank you so much for coming by. 465 00:29:20,052 --> 00:29:22,179 [Mrs. Copeland] Give her my love, please. 466 00:29:22,304 --> 00:29:25,182 (sorrowful string music) 467 00:30:06,807 --> 00:30:11,061 [whistling wind] 468 00:30:11,186 --> 00:30:16,775 [phone ringing] 469 00:30:16,900 --> 00:30:19,111 Isabel Wilkerson's office. 470 00:30:19,236 --> 00:30:21,738 [Kate] Hello, hi. 471 00:30:21,863 --> 00:30:25,576 This is Kate. I'm Isabel's editor. 472 00:30:25,701 --> 00:30:28,161 Yeah, I know who you are. Hi, Kate. 473 00:30:28,287 --> 00:30:30,163 This is her cousin Marion. 474 00:30:30,289 --> 00:30:33,709 Marion. Marion, hi. 475 00:30:33,834 --> 00:30:37,921 My condolences for your family's losses. 476 00:30:38,046 --> 00:30:41,258 I don't have the words. 477 00:30:41,383 --> 00:30:43,552 It's unfathomable, it's unthinkable. 478 00:30:46,430 --> 00:30:49,474 I just, I can't... 479 00:30:49,600 --> 00:30:52,352 Two of the closest people to you in a year, 480 00:30:52,477 --> 00:30:54,271 who can withstand it? 481 00:30:54,396 --> 00:30:55,689 How is she? 482 00:31:00,485 --> 00:31:03,030 [soft piano music] 483 00:31:22,090 --> 00:31:26,762 [sobbing quietly] 484 00:31:26,887 --> 00:31:30,682 Hold me. Don't leave me. 485 00:31:30,807 --> 00:31:33,935 I am right here. I am right here. 486 00:31:34,061 --> 00:31:35,646 I am right here. 487 00:31:38,065 --> 00:31:40,817 Stay. Stay. 488 00:31:40,942 --> 00:31:44,029 - Stay. Stay. - I am right here 489 00:31:44,154 --> 00:31:48,367 Stay. Stay. Stay. 490 00:31:48,492 --> 00:31:49,701 Stay. 491 00:33:40,979 --> 00:33:42,355 [Marion] Hey. 492 00:33:42,481 --> 00:33:46,651 - You made it in okay? - Yeah, I'm here. 493 00:33:46,777 --> 00:33:48,320 How are you? 494 00:33:48,445 --> 00:33:50,447 Tell me how you're feeling. 495 00:33:50,572 --> 00:33:53,074 How does it feel to be back there with all of her things? 496 00:33:53,200 --> 00:33:56,119 I'm here, Marion. That's all I am. 497 00:33:59,873 --> 00:34:03,293 - You know what? I gotta go. - Right. 498 00:34:03,418 --> 00:34:04,461 [sighs] 499 00:34:04,586 --> 00:34:06,880 I've gotta get this house packed. 500 00:34:07,005 --> 00:34:10,008 I could come down this weekend and help you. 501 00:34:10,133 --> 00:34:11,468 We could take it slow. 502 00:34:11,593 --> 00:34:13,220 I've gotta get these things packed up 503 00:34:13,345 --> 00:34:14,721 so I can start back work. 504 00:34:14,846 --> 00:34:17,682 Wait, you're starting back to work? 505 00:34:17,808 --> 00:34:19,643 Of course. 506 00:34:19,768 --> 00:34:21,978 What am I supposed to do? How am I supposed to live? 507 00:34:22,103 --> 00:34:23,855 Okay. 508 00:34:23,980 --> 00:34:26,900 What is the work you have to do and when do you need to start? 509 00:34:27,025 --> 00:34:29,027 Marion, I have to go. I'm already behind. 510 00:34:29,152 --> 00:34:30,403 I... 511 00:34:30,529 --> 00:34:32,823 I'll talk to you later, okay? Bye. 512 00:34:32,948 --> 00:34:35,158 Okay. 513 00:34:35,283 --> 00:34:37,452 The HVAC guy got the sump pump working 514 00:34:37,577 --> 00:34:40,455 and got most of the water out. 515 00:34:40,580 --> 00:34:43,041 This has never happened before. 516 00:34:43,166 --> 00:34:45,085 I'm never down here. My husband was always 517 00:34:45,210 --> 00:34:46,253 the one down here, 518 00:34:46,378 --> 00:34:48,463 changing the filter in the furnace 519 00:34:48,588 --> 00:34:50,507 or checking the fuse box. 520 00:34:50,632 --> 00:34:54,469 But he died last year, so... 521 00:34:54,594 --> 00:34:55,846 [man] Uh-huh. 522 00:34:59,975 --> 00:35:01,434 [Isabel sighs] 523 00:35:05,480 --> 00:35:07,357 There's where the water's coming in. 524 00:35:07,482 --> 00:35:09,442 Where? 525 00:35:09,568 --> 00:35:10,777 The sink. 526 00:35:15,699 --> 00:35:18,285 The sink doesn't overflow. 527 00:35:20,579 --> 00:35:24,124 I mean, is it a pipe that's clogged, or... 528 00:35:24,249 --> 00:35:26,042 Probably the pump needs clearing out. 529 00:35:26,167 --> 00:35:27,544 I'll write an estimate. 530 00:35:37,262 --> 00:35:38,513 [sighs] 531 00:35:55,614 --> 00:35:57,532 My mother died a few months ago. 532 00:36:02,537 --> 00:36:06,291 What about you? 533 00:36:06,416 --> 00:36:08,209 Is your mother still alive? 534 00:36:12,881 --> 00:36:15,050 No. No, she's not. 535 00:36:15,175 --> 00:36:20,013 Died in 1991, 52 years old. 536 00:36:20,138 --> 00:36:21,306 Goodness. 537 00:36:25,101 --> 00:36:29,814 That's not old... at all. 538 00:36:29,940 --> 00:36:32,859 It sure ain't. 539 00:36:32,984 --> 00:36:34,152 Your father? 540 00:36:40,200 --> 00:36:42,035 He's 78. 541 00:36:42,160 --> 00:36:44,162 [Isabel] Hmm. 542 00:36:44,287 --> 00:36:47,749 You're lucky to have him. 543 00:36:47,874 --> 00:36:49,334 He's mean as they come. 544 00:36:53,922 --> 00:36:56,257 [soft chuckle] 545 00:36:56,383 --> 00:36:58,802 Well... 546 00:36:58,927 --> 00:37:00,762 I guess, in the end, we miss them no matter... 547 00:37:00,887 --> 00:37:02,097 no matter what they were like. 548 00:37:02,222 --> 00:37:04,224 No, not him. 549 00:37:14,359 --> 00:37:16,111 [clears throat] You know what? Uh... 550 00:37:21,491 --> 00:37:24,160 - You see something? - Well, maybe. 551 00:37:59,946 --> 00:38:03,283 [whooshing in crescendo] 552 00:38:10,623 --> 00:38:13,001 - [Isabel] I have an idea. Yes. - You do? 553 00:38:13,126 --> 00:38:15,086 Thought that might be why you came. 554 00:38:15,211 --> 00:38:16,296 [laughing] 555 00:38:16,421 --> 00:38:20,717 - Tell us, tell. Is it... - Well, I... 556 00:38:20,842 --> 00:38:23,928 didn't explore the Trayvon Martin case. 557 00:38:24,054 --> 00:38:25,346 I know it's been a while, 558 00:38:25,472 --> 00:38:29,142 but I think there's a lot to unpack. 559 00:38:29,267 --> 00:38:30,977 I've been thinking about my mother 560 00:38:31,102 --> 00:38:32,479 and how she insisted 561 00:38:32,604 --> 00:38:36,232 we be polite and buttoned up around white people. 562 00:38:40,820 --> 00:38:45,408 And there's all this... Nazi symbolism 563 00:38:45,533 --> 00:38:48,411 all over the place. You heard about what happened 564 00:38:48,536 --> 00:38:49,788 in Charlottesville. 565 00:38:49,913 --> 00:38:51,456 - Yes. Neo-Nazis. - Yeah. 566 00:38:51,581 --> 00:38:57,087 Drove his car through a crowd at a protest for Black Lives. 567 00:38:57,212 --> 00:38:59,255 Killed a white woman. 568 00:38:59,380 --> 00:39:00,673 Heather Heyer. 569 00:39:00,799 --> 00:39:05,720 All these idiots walking around with tiki torches, 570 00:39:05,845 --> 00:39:11,476 invoking imagery from the KKK and Nazi Germany to stoke fear. 571 00:39:11,601 --> 00:39:13,520 There's this terrific Indian scholar. 572 00:39:13,645 --> 00:39:17,607 I've been wanting to read his work, but I haven't. 573 00:39:17,732 --> 00:39:19,442 Um... 574 00:39:19,567 --> 00:39:22,112 He's a Dalit professor, and he won a... 575 00:39:22,237 --> 00:39:24,697 - Sorry, a "Dalit" professor? - He's a Dalit 576 00:39:24,823 --> 00:39:25,990 and a professor. 577 00:39:26,116 --> 00:39:27,867 The Dalits are untouchables in India, 578 00:39:27,992 --> 00:39:29,786 beneath the lowest caste. 579 00:39:29,911 --> 00:39:31,371 - Have you ever heard of them? - No. 580 00:39:31,496 --> 00:39:33,081 - Have you ever heard of them? - No. 581 00:39:33,206 --> 00:39:35,208 No! Me either. Why? 582 00:39:35,333 --> 00:39:38,795 There's connective tissue here. There's connective tissue there. 583 00:39:38,920 --> 00:39:41,714 There is connective tissue here. I... I could... 584 00:39:41,840 --> 00:39:43,716 I could... I could... 585 00:39:43,842 --> 00:39:47,637 I could build a thesis that shows how all of this, 586 00:39:47,762 --> 00:39:49,389 all of it, 587 00:39:49,514 --> 00:39:52,725 is linked. 588 00:39:52,851 --> 00:39:54,894 Well... 589 00:39:55,019 --> 00:39:57,772 [sighs] 590 00:39:57,897 --> 00:40:01,109 Well, that's the writer's journey, right? 591 00:40:01,234 --> 00:40:03,778 Sorting all of that out. 592 00:40:03,903 --> 00:40:06,489 There's a lot going on in that big brain of yours. 593 00:40:06,614 --> 00:40:09,492 I love that. I love it. 594 00:40:09,617 --> 00:40:13,246 But I gotta be honest with you, I don't understand 595 00:40:13,371 --> 00:40:16,291 how the woman that they killed, by the neo-Nazis... 596 00:40:16,416 --> 00:40:17,709 Heather Heyer. 597 00:40:17,834 --> 00:40:20,503 ...how that connects to the Dalit professor... 598 00:40:20,628 --> 00:40:22,338 - Mm-hmm. - ...connects to Trayvon Martin, 599 00:40:22,463 --> 00:40:25,008 connects to your mom. 600 00:40:25,133 --> 00:40:26,551 I don't see it. 601 00:40:26,676 --> 00:40:27,969 Yet. I don't see that yet. 602 00:40:28,094 --> 00:40:30,680 But if you can make people see it, 603 00:40:30,805 --> 00:40:33,099 then that is an incredible book. 604 00:40:54,621 --> 00:40:57,457 Come here. Mm... 605 00:40:57,582 --> 00:40:59,918 I love you. Please be safe, okay? 606 00:41:04,047 --> 00:41:07,383 [airplane engine rumbling] 607 00:41:13,973 --> 00:41:17,310 [sombre music] 608 00:41:37,664 --> 00:41:40,041 [no audible dialogue] 609 00:42:18,579 --> 00:42:20,081 - Hello, excuse me. - Hi. 610 00:42:20,206 --> 00:42:21,791 Um, this is the book you ordered. 611 00:42:21,916 --> 00:42:24,585 - Oh, yes, yes. Please sit down. - And the list we talked about. 612 00:42:27,297 --> 00:42:30,133 This is a list from 1935, October, 613 00:42:30,258 --> 00:42:34,262 - a little bit later than the first list. - Yes. 614 00:42:34,387 --> 00:42:37,390 And here, Remarque, Erich Maria... [speaks German] 615 00:42:37,515 --> 00:42:40,226 That means everything he wrote is "to destroyed." Blown. 616 00:42:40,351 --> 00:42:42,145 -"To be destroyed." - Yes. 617 00:42:56,743 --> 00:42:59,454 [soft music] 618 00:43:03,624 --> 00:43:04,917 [man] Excuse me. 619 00:43:05,043 --> 00:43:09,589 I heard you inquire about Remarque. 620 00:43:09,714 --> 00:43:12,467 But I couldn't hear the librarian's answer. 621 00:43:12,592 --> 00:43:14,927 I'm Kästner. 622 00:43:15,053 --> 00:43:17,096 I'm from here. 623 00:43:17,221 --> 00:43:20,516 How long have you been in Berlin? 624 00:43:20,641 --> 00:43:22,268 About five weeks. 625 00:43:25,104 --> 00:43:27,023 You've no idea what's happening. 626 00:43:27,148 --> 00:43:31,110 - Pardon me? - I'm sorry, I didn't catch that. 627 00:43:31,235 --> 00:43:34,614 You have no idea what's happening here. 628 00:43:34,739 --> 00:43:36,991 Everything is being torn apart. 629 00:43:41,579 --> 00:43:43,748 [shouting] 630 00:43:59,889 --> 00:44:08,272 [speaking German] The period of exaggerated Jewish intellectualism 631 00:44:08,398 --> 00:44:10,274 is now at an end! 632 00:44:14,821 --> 00:44:17,115 The German soul... 633 00:44:17,240 --> 00:44:21,661 ...can express itself again! 634 00:44:21,786 --> 00:44:25,581 No to decadence... 635 00:44:25,706 --> 00:44:28,084 [tense music] 636 00:44:28,209 --> 00:44:30,962 ...and moral corruption! 637 00:44:36,134 --> 00:44:44,225 Yes to decency and morality in family and state! 638 00:44:48,271 --> 00:44:51,315 [Nigella, in English] In Germany, there's memorials to nearly everyone 639 00:44:51,441 --> 00:44:54,694 victimized by the Nazis. 640 00:44:54,819 --> 00:44:57,363 And there's no entry sign, no gate. 641 00:44:57,488 --> 00:45:00,783 - It's just opened both day and night. - Yes, yes. 642 00:45:09,125 --> 00:45:11,002 [Nigella] Just standing to bear witness. 643 00:45:11,127 --> 00:45:14,464 [dramatic music] 644 00:45:19,844 --> 00:45:22,305 20,000 books that were lost that night. 645 00:45:22,430 --> 00:45:26,476 [crowd shouting] 646 00:45:26,601 --> 00:45:31,481 Books filled with imagination and ideas, and history. 647 00:45:41,407 --> 00:45:45,578 [Kästner] Leave here, my friends. 648 00:45:45,703 --> 00:45:47,788 Leave Germany. 649 00:45:47,914 --> 00:45:49,624 Go to your home as soon as you can, 650 00:45:49,749 --> 00:45:51,501 you'll be safer there. 651 00:45:53,920 --> 00:45:57,048 [shouting continues] 652 00:46:00,968 --> 00:46:06,307 [speaking German] I deliver to the flames the works of... 653 00:46:06,432 --> 00:46:09,143 Sigmund Freud, 654 00:46:09,268 --> 00:46:11,896 Heinrich Mann, 655 00:46:12,021 --> 00:46:14,357 Ernst Gläser, 656 00:46:14,482 --> 00:46:17,652 Erich Maria Remarque... 657 00:46:17,777 --> 00:46:20,696 [indistinct] 658 00:46:20,821 --> 00:46:22,156 Erich Kästner. 659 00:46:25,493 --> 00:46:28,412 [Nigella, in English] "Where you burn books, you end up burning men." 660 00:46:28,538 --> 00:46:30,915 It's a quote by Heinrich Heine. 661 00:46:31,040 --> 00:46:33,834 He was a poet. German and Jewish. 662 00:46:40,424 --> 00:46:42,510 [speaking German] 663 00:46:45,263 --> 00:46:47,765 No. You are not changing the subject anymore. 664 00:46:47,890 --> 00:46:49,934 - Oh, yeah. - Okay. 665 00:46:50,059 --> 00:46:51,269 - Guns, Christmas. - Yes. 666 00:46:51,394 --> 00:46:52,895 - And then? - Ah! 667 00:46:53,020 --> 00:46:55,523 - Jawohl. Sweetheart? - No, I still have 668 00:46:55,648 --> 00:46:56,732 a couple sips left. 669 00:46:56,857 --> 00:46:58,025 [laughing] 670 00:46:58,150 --> 00:46:59,277 You're basically in danger 671 00:46:59,402 --> 00:47:00,861 when you're visiting your family. 672 00:47:00,987 --> 00:47:02,738 - Yeah. Always. - It's the American way. 673 00:47:02,863 --> 00:47:06,742 I mean, we know. We know. It's ridiculous. 674 00:47:06,867 --> 00:47:10,288 That is what I'm looking at with the article. 675 00:47:10,413 --> 00:47:14,584 You have 900 shootings a week, it seems, in America, 676 00:47:14,709 --> 00:47:16,877 and you keep giving people guns. 677 00:47:17,003 --> 00:47:18,713 I don't understand at all. 678 00:47:18,838 --> 00:47:19,922 We don't even understand it ourselves. 679 00:47:20,047 --> 00:47:21,757 We don't understand. 680 00:47:21,882 --> 00:47:24,677 You know, I um... I heard, here, 681 00:47:24,802 --> 00:47:29,098 that displaying the swastika is a crime. 682 00:47:29,223 --> 00:47:31,100 - Mm-hmm. - Three years in prison? 683 00:47:31,225 --> 00:47:32,435 Yes, yes, that's true. 684 00:47:32,560 --> 00:47:33,894 I mean, it's not tolerated. 685 00:47:34,020 --> 00:47:37,148 Well, in America, um... 686 00:47:37,273 --> 00:47:39,942 the Confederate flag, which is like your swastika, 687 00:47:40,067 --> 00:47:43,487 the flag of murderers and traitors, 688 00:47:43,613 --> 00:47:45,823 it is a part of the official flag 689 00:47:45,948 --> 00:47:47,116 of one of our states, 690 00:47:47,241 --> 00:47:49,285 - No. - Mississippi. 691 00:47:49,410 --> 00:47:52,705 Men who wanted to wage war for the right 692 00:47:52,830 --> 00:47:54,874 to own other human beings. 693 00:47:54,999 --> 00:47:59,629 Statues of them sprinkled all over the country right now. 694 00:47:59,754 --> 00:48:02,006 - Madness. - Hmm. 695 00:48:02,131 --> 00:48:04,216 You know, it's not perfect, 696 00:48:04,342 --> 00:48:07,470 but Germany has no monuments that celebrate Nazis. 697 00:48:07,595 --> 00:48:08,929 I mean, everything Hitler's gone, 698 00:48:09,055 --> 00:48:11,474 paved right over it all, and built new things. 699 00:48:11,599 --> 00:48:14,226 I mean, you can literally walk right over Nazi places 700 00:48:14,352 --> 00:48:16,103 and never know they were even there. 701 00:48:16,228 --> 00:48:17,730 - [Ulrich] And the bunker. - Yes, the bunker. 702 00:48:17,855 --> 00:48:19,357 - It's long gone. - It's like nothing. 703 00:48:19,482 --> 00:48:21,651 - Yeah. - I mean, it was 30 feet underground, 704 00:48:21,776 --> 00:48:24,028 and was protected with reinforced concrete. 705 00:48:24,153 --> 00:48:25,738 And now it has, like, a Volkswagen 706 00:48:25,863 --> 00:48:28,783 or something parked on top of it at any given time of the day. 707 00:48:28,908 --> 00:48:30,576 It is very different than the States. 708 00:48:30,701 --> 00:48:32,411 A very different approach. 709 00:48:32,536 --> 00:48:34,080 Well, there are so many differences 710 00:48:34,205 --> 00:48:35,998 between here and there. We are talking 711 00:48:36,123 --> 00:48:39,585 about the systematic murder of 6,000,000 Jews, 712 00:48:39,710 --> 00:48:41,128 that's the official number. 713 00:48:41,253 --> 00:48:44,131 So it's just very different 714 00:48:44,256 --> 00:48:45,925 than monuments to soldiers and whatnot. 715 00:48:46,050 --> 00:48:48,761 [Ulrich] And what? What are you saying is different? 716 00:48:48,886 --> 00:48:51,013 All of it. We're talking about deliberate extermination 717 00:48:51,138 --> 00:48:52,723 over many years. 718 00:48:52,848 --> 00:48:55,184 Yeah, but wasn't slavery for, like, hundreds of years? 719 00:48:55,309 --> 00:48:59,772 - Right, Isabel? - Slavery lasted 246 years. 720 00:48:59,897 --> 00:49:03,609 That's 13 generations of people. 721 00:49:03,734 --> 00:49:06,028 Plus another 100 years of Jim Crow, 722 00:49:06,153 --> 00:49:09,073 segregation, violence and murder. 723 00:49:09,198 --> 00:49:11,867 It is, of course, horrific. I am not downplaying any of it. 724 00:49:11,992 --> 00:49:15,621 There were so many millions of African Americans 725 00:49:15,746 --> 00:49:19,917 who were murdered. 726 00:49:20,042 --> 00:49:21,961 From the Middle Passage until the end 727 00:49:22,086 --> 00:49:23,462 of legal segregation, 728 00:49:23,587 --> 00:49:28,050 that it goes beyond the realm of an official number. 729 00:49:31,929 --> 00:49:34,682 - There is no number. - I didn't know that. 730 00:49:34,807 --> 00:49:37,101 - No. It's stunning. - [Sabine] It is. 731 00:49:37,226 --> 00:49:41,647 And I understand you're trying to make sense 732 00:49:41,772 --> 00:49:44,108 of American racism. It is noble. 733 00:49:44,233 --> 00:49:47,278 But your thesis linking caste in Germany 734 00:49:47,403 --> 00:49:50,281 with the United States is flawed. 735 00:49:56,954 --> 00:49:59,206 Maybe it's not exactly the same, 736 00:49:59,331 --> 00:50:01,417 but the thesis of structural similarity 737 00:50:01,542 --> 00:50:03,878 certainly gives context for a framework. 738 00:50:04,003 --> 00:50:07,256 Right, but a framework is not a book, my friends. 739 00:50:07,381 --> 00:50:11,218 She is trying to connect the United States to Germany, 740 00:50:11,343 --> 00:50:12,595 but it doesn't fit. 741 00:50:12,720 --> 00:50:14,972 It's as if you're trying 742 00:50:15,097 --> 00:50:17,308 to "fit a square inside the circle," as they say. 743 00:50:20,269 --> 00:50:22,897 I would just like you to note for yourself 744 00:50:23,022 --> 00:50:27,193 that American slavery is rooted in subjugation, 745 00:50:27,318 --> 00:50:31,363 dominating Blacks for the purposes of capitalism, 746 00:50:31,489 --> 00:50:35,868 using bodies and labour for profit. 747 00:50:35,993 --> 00:50:39,747 But for the Jews during the Holocaust, 748 00:50:39,872 --> 00:50:44,126 the end call was not subjugation, 749 00:50:44,251 --> 00:50:46,837 it was extermination. 750 00:50:46,962 --> 00:50:49,089 "Kill them all. 751 00:50:49,215 --> 00:50:51,675 Wipe them off the face of the Earth. 752 00:50:51,801 --> 00:50:55,304 There's no need for them here." 753 00:50:55,429 --> 00:50:58,849 It's different. 754 00:50:58,974 --> 00:51:02,812 I say, leave Jewish folks alone. 755 00:51:02,937 --> 00:51:04,855 They're fine. They don't need you. 756 00:51:04,980 --> 00:51:07,191 Write about us, Isabel. 757 00:51:07,316 --> 00:51:09,235 I am writing about us. 758 00:51:09,360 --> 00:51:11,612 I just... 759 00:51:11,737 --> 00:51:14,073 I couldn't fully explain 760 00:51:14,198 --> 00:51:16,075 - what was in my head. - You better than me. 761 00:51:16,200 --> 00:51:17,993 Because I would have had words. 762 00:51:18,118 --> 00:51:19,119 She was rude. 763 00:51:19,245 --> 00:51:20,955 I had words. 764 00:51:21,080 --> 00:51:22,540 I had a ton of words. 765 00:51:22,665 --> 00:51:24,834 Wow. And none of them were, 766 00:51:24,959 --> 00:51:28,921 "I'm the right one on the wrong day, baby"? 767 00:51:29,046 --> 00:51:30,548 Yeah, well, I'm still my mother's child, 768 00:51:30,673 --> 00:51:32,716 - and that wouldn't have happened. - I know. 769 00:51:32,842 --> 00:51:36,595 You never could bag back, even when we were kids. 770 00:51:36,720 --> 00:51:38,347 Always thinking about your comeback 771 00:51:38,472 --> 00:51:39,974 the next day. 772 00:51:40,099 --> 00:51:43,269 "I know what I should have said was..." 773 00:51:43,394 --> 00:51:45,271 [chuckling] 774 00:51:45,396 --> 00:51:47,398 What if Brett had been there last night? 775 00:51:47,523 --> 00:51:50,693 [laughing] 776 00:51:50,818 --> 00:51:52,403 Poor lady. 777 00:51:52,528 --> 00:51:54,780 Probably would still be there, 778 00:51:54,905 --> 00:51:56,532 confronting. 779 00:51:56,657 --> 00:51:59,869 [Marion laughing] 780 00:51:59,994 --> 00:52:00,995 Afternoon. 781 00:52:01,120 --> 00:52:02,788 Hi, afternoon. 782 00:52:02,913 --> 00:52:04,790 Some unwanted visitors, huh? 783 00:52:04,915 --> 00:52:08,419 - [Isabel chuckles] - Looks like they even built a guesthouse. 784 00:52:08,544 --> 00:52:10,921 I'm putting these out in the backyard to empty out. 785 00:52:11,046 --> 00:52:13,382 Just have your gardener pick 'em up in a day or two. 786 00:52:13,507 --> 00:52:15,968 Sir. Sir. 787 00:52:16,093 --> 00:52:17,678 Sir, I don't want that. 788 00:52:17,803 --> 00:52:21,181 I'd rather not have those nests in my yard. 789 00:52:21,307 --> 00:52:23,183 I have dogs, 790 00:52:23,309 --> 00:52:25,352 and that spray can't be good for them. 791 00:52:25,477 --> 00:52:27,354 It's fine, won't hurt 'em. 792 00:52:32,735 --> 00:52:34,069 Hey. 793 00:52:34,194 --> 00:52:35,821 Can I help? 794 00:52:35,946 --> 00:52:38,324 - Can I just... - Yes, go ahead. 795 00:52:38,449 --> 00:52:39,992 Excuse me. 796 00:52:40,117 --> 00:52:41,869 She doesn't want it back there. Did you...? 797 00:52:41,994 --> 00:52:43,287 Did you not hear what she said? 798 00:52:43,412 --> 00:52:45,039 Yeah, but I can't take it with me today. 799 00:52:45,164 --> 00:52:46,832 - My bins are full. - Okay. Well, 800 00:52:46,957 --> 00:52:49,877 I guess we're just gonna have to figure something out then, right? 801 00:52:50,002 --> 00:52:51,128 I mean, you didn't... 802 00:52:51,253 --> 00:52:54,882 you didn't remove that for free, did you? 803 00:52:55,007 --> 00:52:58,218 No. Right? 804 00:52:58,344 --> 00:53:00,512 - No, I didn't. - So, look, if this is your tree, 805 00:53:00,638 --> 00:53:02,473 you go ahead and you leave that wherever you'd like. 806 00:53:02,598 --> 00:53:04,808 But if you do want to get paid for your work, 807 00:53:04,934 --> 00:53:06,852 you're gonna have to finish the job. 808 00:53:13,317 --> 00:53:14,902 Appreciate the cooperation. 809 00:53:19,281 --> 00:53:21,325 Did I just mansplain? 810 00:53:21,450 --> 00:53:23,494 [chuckling] 811 00:53:23,619 --> 00:53:26,914 - Well, you asked for permission, so... - Right. 812 00:53:27,039 --> 00:53:28,415 And if you hadn't... 813 00:53:28,540 --> 00:53:31,085 I'd be in a white saviour mode, right? 814 00:53:31,210 --> 00:53:32,962 - [both laughing] - What do you know about that? 815 00:53:33,087 --> 00:53:34,588 Oh, hey. Well, break bad habits, 816 00:53:34,713 --> 00:53:37,257 you never gonna get broke, right? 817 00:53:37,383 --> 00:53:40,302 [exhales] 818 00:53:40,427 --> 00:53:42,304 Well, you asked for permission, 819 00:53:42,429 --> 00:53:44,139 so we'll just call it being neighbourly. 820 00:53:44,264 --> 00:53:46,725 Okay. Let's... let's do that. 821 00:53:49,144 --> 00:53:51,814 I haven't seen your mom and dad on their walks for a while. 822 00:53:51,939 --> 00:53:53,649 - How are they doing? - You know, 823 00:53:53,774 --> 00:53:55,109 they're slowing down. Thank you. 824 00:53:55,234 --> 00:53:57,945 But they're having the conversation about moving 825 00:53:58,070 --> 00:53:59,446 to Florida. 826 00:53:59,571 --> 00:54:03,283 But they're hanging in, you know. 827 00:54:03,409 --> 00:54:05,619 - My mom, too. - Mmm. 828 00:54:05,744 --> 00:54:07,287 I get it. 829 00:54:09,873 --> 00:54:13,293 My mom made me promise I'd come by today. It's... 830 00:54:13,419 --> 00:54:16,630 It's my birthday, so... 831 00:54:16,755 --> 00:54:18,882 Wait... 832 00:54:19,008 --> 00:54:20,676 - Today is your birthday? - Yeah. 833 00:54:20,801 --> 00:54:23,846 - Today is your birthday? - It is. 834 00:54:23,971 --> 00:54:25,514 - Yes, she... - Oh. 835 00:54:25,639 --> 00:54:29,184 She made me a cake. Like I was a little kid. 836 00:54:29,309 --> 00:54:31,854 'Cause she still thinks you're her baby. 837 00:54:31,979 --> 00:54:33,105 I think it's sweet. 838 00:54:33,230 --> 00:54:35,941 Hmm. 839 00:54:36,066 --> 00:54:37,067 Um... 840 00:54:37,192 --> 00:54:40,654 Happy birthday... 841 00:54:40,779 --> 00:54:43,824 It's Brett. 842 00:54:43,949 --> 00:54:45,826 - I'm Isabel. - Yeah, I know. 843 00:54:45,951 --> 00:54:50,998 [sweet music] 844 00:54:51,123 --> 00:54:53,208 And I think birthdays are a big deal. 845 00:54:53,333 --> 00:54:55,669 - Do you? Wow. - Yes, I do. 846 00:54:55,794 --> 00:54:58,047 - Not me, honestly, but... - They should be. 847 00:54:58,172 --> 00:54:59,089 - Really? - Yes. 848 00:54:59,214 --> 00:55:00,215 Okay. 849 00:55:04,470 --> 00:55:06,388 Will you come over? 850 00:55:06,513 --> 00:55:08,015 Come have a slice of cake with us, 851 00:55:08,140 --> 00:55:09,850 you know, that would make my mom so happy. 852 00:55:09,975 --> 00:55:13,353 And... And, you know, it would make the birthday 853 00:55:13,479 --> 00:55:17,399 a big deal, because I don't have any idea how to do that. 854 00:55:24,865 --> 00:55:27,034 Well, I haven't seen your mom and dad for a while. 855 00:55:27,159 --> 00:55:31,080 - There you go. - Yeah. 856 00:55:31,205 --> 00:55:32,289 I'll come in and say hi. 857 00:55:32,414 --> 00:55:33,582 - Yeah? - Yeah. 858 00:55:33,707 --> 00:55:34,958 Wow. 859 00:55:35,084 --> 00:55:38,587 - [chuckles] Okay. - Oh, God. 860 00:55:38,712 --> 00:55:40,422 - What? - Nothing, what? 861 00:55:40,547 --> 00:55:42,883 Come on, let's go eat some cake. 862 00:55:43,008 --> 00:55:45,052 - She makes a mean cake, too. - Really? 863 00:55:45,177 --> 00:55:47,012 Oh, yeah, she's got the layers going. 864 00:55:47,137 --> 00:55:49,348 - What kind are we talking about? - We're talking about, I mean... 865 00:55:49,473 --> 00:55:51,725 Hopefully, there's not gonna be, like, a fire engine on it 866 00:55:51,850 --> 00:55:54,478 like when I was seven, you never know with my mom. 867 00:56:08,784 --> 00:56:11,954 [soft music] 868 00:56:28,679 --> 00:56:30,264 [sighing] 869 00:57:14,016 --> 00:57:17,227 [intriguing music] 870 00:57:39,750 --> 00:57:44,922 These are the minutes from the meeting in 1934. 871 00:57:45,047 --> 00:57:49,134 15 months after the meeting, they become law. 872 00:57:49,259 --> 00:57:51,178 - Jim Crow laws. - Yes. 873 00:57:51,303 --> 00:57:53,764 - American race laws. - Yes. 874 00:57:53,889 --> 00:57:56,016 [Isabel] It's mind-blowing. 875 00:57:58,977 --> 00:58:00,771 [speaking German] 876 00:58:13,033 --> 00:58:15,118 [Nathan] "Our problem is different. 877 00:58:15,244 --> 00:58:18,956 Their problem is... 878 00:58:19,081 --> 00:58:23,335 negroes with nothing to build upon. 879 00:58:23,460 --> 00:58:27,297 A problem that plays no part for us here in Germany. 880 00:58:27,422 --> 00:58:30,467 Our problem is the Jews, 881 00:58:30,592 --> 00:58:32,844 who must be kept enduringly apart." 882 00:58:32,970 --> 00:58:35,597 - What is this? - That is a transcript 883 00:58:35,722 --> 00:58:37,766 of a meeting that I saw a picture of, 884 00:58:37,891 --> 00:58:42,354 where Nazi lawyers were studying American law and customs 885 00:58:42,479 --> 00:58:45,440 to figure out how to pull off the Holocaust. 886 00:58:45,565 --> 00:58:49,736 Our problem is the Jews who must be kept enduringly apart, 887 00:58:49,861 --> 00:58:51,613 since there's no doubt that they represent 888 00:58:51,738 --> 00:58:53,115 a foreign body in the Volk. 889 00:58:53,240 --> 00:58:55,575 And segregation will never achieve the goal 890 00:58:55,701 --> 00:58:58,036 as long as the Jews have economic power 891 00:58:58,161 --> 00:59:00,914 in the German fatherland as they do have now. 892 00:59:01,039 --> 00:59:05,085 As long as they have the most beautiful automobiles, 893 00:59:05,210 --> 00:59:08,046 - the most beautiful motorboats... - Mm-hmm. 894 00:59:08,171 --> 00:59:10,215 As long as they play a prominent role 895 00:59:10,340 --> 00:59:12,634 in the pleasure spots and resorts 896 00:59:12,759 --> 00:59:15,095 and everywhere that costs money. 897 00:59:15,220 --> 00:59:17,639 This can only be achieved through measures 898 00:59:17,764 --> 00:59:22,519 that forbids sexual mixing of a Jew and a German, 899 00:59:22,644 --> 00:59:24,271 and imposes criminal punishment. 900 00:59:24,396 --> 00:59:27,149 We must answer the question today 901 00:59:27,274 --> 00:59:30,819 as to whether laws that the Reich will institute 902 00:59:30,944 --> 00:59:34,197 should declare only the separation of races, 903 00:59:34,323 --> 00:59:38,577 or if it should declare the superiority of one 904 00:59:38,702 --> 00:59:41,163 and the inferiority of others. 905 00:59:46,293 --> 00:59:48,545 [Isabel] In the fall of 1933, 906 00:59:48,670 --> 00:59:51,214 Allison Davis and his wife, Elizabeth, 907 00:59:51,340 --> 00:59:55,969 cut short their advanced studies at the University of Berlin, 908 00:59:56,094 --> 01:00:00,182 and fled Germany when Hitler took power. 909 01:00:00,307 --> 01:00:02,100 Well, we finally got proof 910 01:00:02,225 --> 01:00:05,103 that one landowner named Bailey has been whipping sharecroppers. 911 01:00:05,228 --> 01:00:07,022 Bailey's wife told me 912 01:00:07,147 --> 01:00:09,191 that's the way to manage them when they get too "uppity"? 913 01:00:09,316 --> 01:00:11,443 We heard about a tenant farmer, one county over, 914 01:00:11,568 --> 01:00:14,446 who was beaten so badly by a store merchant, he can't bring in a crop. 915 01:00:14,571 --> 01:00:16,031 We're headin' over there tomorrow. 916 01:00:16,156 --> 01:00:17,240 Do you know what sparked that? 917 01:00:17,366 --> 01:00:19,076 The Negro man asked for a receipt. 918 01:00:19,201 --> 01:00:21,078 Beat him right there in the store. 919 01:00:21,203 --> 01:00:25,749 [Isabel] It inspired him to study the process of injustice. 920 01:00:25,874 --> 01:00:30,337 This gave Dr. Davis new insight into the nature of hate. 921 01:00:30,462 --> 01:00:33,215 The other half of their team was a white couple 922 01:00:33,340 --> 01:00:35,801 named Burleigh and Mary Gardner, 923 01:00:35,926 --> 01:00:38,762 also Harvard anthropologists. 924 01:00:38,887 --> 01:00:43,058 The mission was quietly revolutionary. 925 01:00:43,183 --> 01:00:46,186 Together, all four would embed themselves 926 01:00:46,311 --> 01:00:49,523 in an isolated Southern town from both sides 927 01:00:49,648 --> 01:00:52,818 of the caste divide. 928 01:00:52,943 --> 01:00:55,904 One breach of a social order could cost them 929 01:00:56,029 --> 01:00:57,447 all their lives. 930 01:00:59,991 --> 01:01:01,827 And this was exactly what they were doing 931 01:01:01,952 --> 01:01:04,746 in Natchez, Mississippi, 932 01:01:04,871 --> 01:01:08,250 breaching the social order to study the social hierarchy 933 01:01:08,375 --> 01:01:10,794 of the South. 934 01:01:10,919 --> 01:01:12,379 A mission that would render them 935 01:01:12,504 --> 01:01:14,172 undercover investigators 936 01:01:14,297 --> 01:01:17,300 in order to fit into the community. 937 01:01:17,426 --> 01:01:19,386 This would be one of the first studies 938 01:01:19,511 --> 01:01:21,138 of its kind. 939 01:01:21,263 --> 01:01:23,974 Neither couple fully knew what they were 940 01:01:24,099 --> 01:01:27,477 getting themselves into. 941 01:01:27,602 --> 01:01:29,396 Out in public, 942 01:01:29,521 --> 01:01:34,526 they had to remain in character at all times. 943 01:01:34,651 --> 01:01:37,946 With the Davises required to show deference 944 01:01:38,071 --> 01:01:40,282 to the Gardners and never give the appearance 945 01:01:40,407 --> 01:01:44,744 that they were, in fact, colleagues in the trenches, 946 01:01:44,870 --> 01:01:48,415 they had to keep to their own caste performance. 947 01:01:48,540 --> 01:01:52,377 Everyone had to play the part expected of them. 948 01:01:52,502 --> 01:01:54,629 [man] They don't need to be out on these streets. 949 01:01:54,754 --> 01:01:56,256 [Burleigh] You seen 'em around before? 950 01:01:56,381 --> 01:01:57,716 Oh, yeah. 951 01:01:57,841 --> 01:01:59,843 The monkey's getting too big for his britches. 952 01:01:59,968 --> 01:02:01,303 Hmm. 953 01:02:01,428 --> 01:02:03,013 - Might've to train him. - [chuckles] 954 01:02:03,138 --> 01:02:04,055 Come on. 955 01:02:04,181 --> 01:02:07,392 [tense music] 956 01:02:07,517 --> 01:02:09,811 [Mary] I don't see how we stay much longer. 957 01:02:09,936 --> 01:02:11,354 Our neighbour practically invited us 958 01:02:11,480 --> 01:02:12,689 to a lynching yesterday. 959 01:02:12,814 --> 01:02:15,525 [Burleigh] And Allison, there've been some... 960 01:02:15,650 --> 01:02:18,612 some unkind things said about you. 961 01:02:18,737 --> 01:02:21,114 I can't be sure these folks don't get in mind 962 01:02:21,239 --> 01:02:22,157 and do something. 963 01:02:22,282 --> 01:02:23,700 We're seeing similar suspicion, 964 01:02:23,825 --> 01:02:25,243 - we should consider. - Not yet. 965 01:02:25,368 --> 01:02:27,245 - Allison. - You're getting into the wide inner circle 966 01:02:27,370 --> 01:02:28,830 - of this town... - It's not worth our safety. 967 01:02:28,955 --> 01:02:32,042 ...and that is what we need to observe. 968 01:02:32,167 --> 01:02:34,044 We're close. 969 01:02:34,169 --> 01:02:36,046 [Isabel] The two couples kept on the move, 970 01:02:36,171 --> 01:02:40,842 constantly changing clandestine locations for safety. 971 01:02:40,967 --> 01:02:43,011 They couldn't go to each other's homes. 972 01:02:43,136 --> 01:02:46,598 Mixing of races was not allowed publicly 973 01:02:46,723 --> 01:02:49,851 in any form except subservience. 974 01:02:52,646 --> 01:02:58,485 "A most striking tenet of their embrace of supremacy 975 01:02:58,610 --> 01:03:01,571 is deference." 976 01:03:01,696 --> 01:03:04,533 That should be the core of the chapter, don't you think? 977 01:03:04,658 --> 01:03:07,160 Maybe you're right. 978 01:03:07,285 --> 01:03:09,329 Deference goes beyond mere observance 979 01:03:09,454 --> 01:03:11,623 of certain formalities. 980 01:03:11,748 --> 01:03:13,500 We call them "sir" 981 01:03:13,625 --> 01:03:15,544 and they call us "boy" and "gal." 982 01:03:15,669 --> 01:03:16,962 Exactly. 983 01:03:17,087 --> 01:03:19,297 Never contradicting whites. 984 01:03:19,422 --> 01:03:21,049 Always agreeing with them. 985 01:03:21,174 --> 01:03:24,427 Evenin'. 986 01:03:24,553 --> 01:03:27,597 - Hey! - Y'all eat? 987 01:03:27,722 --> 01:03:30,976 Been out here readin' and writin' for hours. 988 01:03:33,562 --> 01:03:35,480 Greens with fatback gonna get cold. 989 01:03:35,605 --> 01:03:37,983 Hey, now, ain't gotta tell me twice. 990 01:03:38,108 --> 01:03:40,443 No. Yes, ma'am. Can't wait to try them greens. 991 01:03:40,569 --> 01:03:41,444 [laughing] 992 01:03:41,570 --> 01:03:42,571 We'll be there. 993 01:03:45,282 --> 01:03:46,241 All right. 994 01:03:51,121 --> 01:03:53,415 [soft music] 995 01:03:56,042 --> 01:03:58,086 [no audible dialogue] 996 01:04:07,804 --> 01:04:09,389 Hey! 997 01:04:09,514 --> 01:04:11,474 [both] Hi! 998 01:04:25,196 --> 01:04:27,490 [sinister music] 999 01:04:51,181 --> 01:04:53,475 [Kohlrausch] The American material gives us 1000 01:04:53,600 --> 01:04:56,144 a path to an answer. 1001 01:04:56,269 --> 01:05:01,441 Yeah. America has succeeded here. 1002 01:05:01,566 --> 01:05:04,569 Their legislation does not base itself 1003 01:05:04,694 --> 01:05:08,156 on the mere idea of racial difference. 1004 01:05:08,281 --> 01:05:11,076 But to the extent this legislation is aimed at Negroes, 1005 01:05:11,201 --> 01:05:14,245 it bases itself absolutely 1006 01:05:14,371 --> 01:05:16,331 on the idea of inferiority. 1007 01:05:16,456 --> 01:05:20,126 Well, Germans are already convinced that the Jews 1008 01:05:20,251 --> 01:05:23,505 are an inferior race. 1009 01:05:23,630 --> 01:05:25,965 German laws should reflect that. 1010 01:05:26,091 --> 01:05:29,135 [man] Precisely. 1011 01:05:29,260 --> 01:05:31,971 I am of the opinion that we can proceed 1012 01:05:32,097 --> 01:05:36,017 with the same primitivity as the American states. 1013 01:05:36,142 --> 01:05:39,145 Such a procedure would be... 1014 01:05:39,270 --> 01:05:42,565 crude legally, 1015 01:05:42,691 --> 01:05:44,609 but it would suffice. 1016 01:05:47,362 --> 01:05:49,280 [Isabel] The Nazi blueprint, 1017 01:05:49,406 --> 01:05:53,118 for the extermination of millions of people, 1018 01:05:53,243 --> 01:05:56,913 was directly patterned after America's enslavement 1019 01:05:57,038 --> 01:05:59,999 and segregation of Black people. 1020 01:06:00,125 --> 01:06:04,462 - America taught the Nazis? - Caste in America. 1021 01:06:04,587 --> 01:06:09,217 In Germany, it functions the same. 1022 01:06:09,342 --> 01:06:11,094 The outcomes might be different, 1023 01:06:11,219 --> 01:06:12,762 like Sabine said. 1024 01:06:12,887 --> 01:06:15,598 But it is the same. 1025 01:06:15,724 --> 01:06:17,934 I think that the caste system in India, 1026 01:06:18,059 --> 01:06:20,895 I think that there is a connection there too, 1027 01:06:21,020 --> 01:06:24,774 but... the interconnectedness. 1028 01:06:24,899 --> 01:06:26,317 That is my point. 1029 01:06:26,443 --> 01:06:28,945 That is what I'm saying. 1030 01:06:29,070 --> 01:06:29,988 Come here. 1031 01:06:30,113 --> 01:06:32,907 [orchestral music] 1032 01:06:50,258 --> 01:06:52,385 {\an8}We proudly bestow this Ambedkar Award 1033 01:06:52,510 --> 01:06:54,095 {\an8}to Dr. Suraj Yengde, 1034 01:06:54,220 --> 01:06:56,973 {\an8}postdoctoral fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School. 1035 01:06:57,098 --> 01:07:00,268 {\an8}[crowd applauding] 1036 01:07:21,039 --> 01:07:23,291 [rhythmic music] 1037 01:07:23,416 --> 01:07:25,835 [indistinct conversations] 1038 01:07:28,713 --> 01:07:30,298 [men shouting] 1039 01:07:36,304 --> 01:07:39,557 Come on, win it! Come on, win it! 1040 01:07:39,682 --> 01:07:41,643 [indistinct conversations] 1041 01:07:50,276 --> 01:07:53,112 Nathaniel, I know it's gonna be worth the wait. 1042 01:07:53,238 --> 01:07:56,741 Give it to me. 1043 01:07:56,866 --> 01:07:59,118 [Marion] Carol, can you finish uncovering this one? 1044 01:07:59,244 --> 01:08:00,245 I got it, baby. 1045 01:08:00,370 --> 01:08:01,746 This chicken looks good. 1046 01:08:05,208 --> 01:08:06,668 What? 1047 01:08:06,793 --> 01:08:08,670 - Respectfully... - Yeah. 1048 01:08:08,795 --> 01:08:13,258 We and everybody are just wondering about an ETA. 1049 01:08:13,383 --> 01:08:15,718 The ETA is when I say it's ready, 1050 01:08:15,844 --> 01:08:16,845 respectfully. 1051 01:08:16,970 --> 01:08:19,848 Yes, ma'am. 1052 01:08:19,973 --> 01:08:22,433 - Hi, Isabel. - Hello. 1053 01:08:22,559 --> 01:08:24,352 - How you been? - I've been all right. 1054 01:08:24,477 --> 01:08:25,937 Yeah, how are you holding up? 1055 01:08:26,062 --> 01:08:27,438 All is well. 1056 01:08:27,564 --> 01:08:28,982 How are you two? 1057 01:08:29,107 --> 01:08:30,066 We're good. 1058 01:08:30,191 --> 01:08:31,150 - Everything's good. - Starvin'. 1059 01:08:31,276 --> 01:08:32,986 [chuckling] 1060 01:08:33,111 --> 01:08:36,030 I wanted to ask if you knew one of my professors, 1061 01:08:36,155 --> 01:08:37,323 Dr. Montgomery? 1062 01:08:37,448 --> 01:08:40,243 I think he studies the same things you do. 1063 01:08:40,368 --> 01:08:44,956 Oh, no. But I'm not keeping up like I used to, so... 1064 01:08:45,081 --> 01:08:48,585 Of course. Well, he is a smart man, 1065 01:08:48,710 --> 01:08:50,128 a nice older gentleman. 1066 01:08:50,253 --> 01:08:51,963 I thought you might like to meet him. 1067 01:08:52,088 --> 01:08:56,885 He is handsome for his age, Black. 1068 01:08:57,010 --> 01:09:00,179 Why don't the two of you take this over to the Uno table? 1069 01:09:00,305 --> 01:09:01,639 And tell them we startin'. 1070 01:09:01,764 --> 01:09:03,725 - Okay. - Okay. 1071 01:09:03,850 --> 01:09:06,728 Boy. 1072 01:09:06,853 --> 01:09:08,104 They mean well. 1073 01:09:08,229 --> 01:09:11,858 You know, Brett always looked forward to these. 1074 01:09:11,983 --> 01:09:14,360 You and Mama were the only ones that let him in. 1075 01:09:14,485 --> 01:09:15,987 Folks weren't mean. 1076 01:09:16,112 --> 01:09:19,198 I know, but there was always... that. 1077 01:09:19,324 --> 01:09:20,617 "When is she gonna leave him 1078 01:09:20,742 --> 01:09:22,493 and find herself a good brother?" 1079 01:09:22,619 --> 01:09:26,331 Now, these containers, these containers we're in. 1080 01:09:26,456 --> 01:09:28,249 We, we... Maybe the... 1081 01:09:28,374 --> 01:09:30,710 Maybe the label says, "Black woman." 1082 01:09:30,835 --> 01:09:32,462 Maybe the label says, "White man, or Asian." 1083 01:09:32,587 --> 01:09:34,672 Hey! Fix your face. 1084 01:09:34,797 --> 01:09:36,466 You're too young for all that. 1085 01:09:36,591 --> 01:09:38,509 You read the label and we think we know 1086 01:09:38,635 --> 01:09:40,219 what's on the inside. 1087 01:09:40,345 --> 01:09:42,764 Y'all can eat now. Mm-hmm. 1088 01:09:42,889 --> 01:09:44,641 We trust the label. 1089 01:09:44,766 --> 01:09:46,726 We put the container on the shelf. 1090 01:09:46,851 --> 01:09:48,102 And that's it. 1091 01:09:48,227 --> 01:09:50,772 That's it. 1092 01:09:50,897 --> 01:09:52,231 Who need a kiss for good luck? 1093 01:09:52,357 --> 01:09:54,400 - [man] Me. - 'Cause that hand is trash. 1094 01:09:54,525 --> 01:09:56,694 [laughing] 1095 01:09:56,819 --> 01:09:58,780 Come on, Mama, give me some sugar. 1096 01:09:58,905 --> 01:10:00,281 There you go. Thank you, baby. 1097 01:10:00,406 --> 01:10:02,033 Okay, so now go ahead, I'm listenin'. 1098 01:10:02,158 --> 01:10:04,744 I think that's what my book is about. 1099 01:10:04,869 --> 01:10:08,706 Oh. Okay. 1100 01:10:08,831 --> 01:10:11,709 I forgot, which one is yours, which one is mine? 1101 01:10:11,834 --> 01:10:13,294 [sighs] This one is mine. 1102 01:10:13,419 --> 01:10:15,129 Okay. Oh, here you go. 1103 01:10:15,254 --> 01:10:19,926 So, your book is about interracial relationships. 1104 01:10:20,051 --> 01:10:22,929 Mm, no, no. It's about... 1105 01:10:23,054 --> 01:10:24,639 it's about caste. 1106 01:10:24,764 --> 01:10:31,896 It's a phenomenon of placing one group above another group. 1107 01:10:32,021 --> 01:10:33,439 In a hierarchy. 1108 01:10:33,564 --> 01:10:36,192 And the consequences to its victims 1109 01:10:36,317 --> 01:10:40,905 and presumed beneficiaries. 1110 01:10:41,030 --> 01:10:42,615 Um... 1111 01:10:42,740 --> 01:10:44,450 One more time in English? 1112 01:10:44,575 --> 01:10:48,496 A little Pulitzer Prize-less, if you can. 1113 01:10:48,621 --> 01:10:50,790 I can! 1114 01:10:50,915 --> 01:10:53,209 Okay, well, then do it. Make it plain. 1115 01:10:53,334 --> 01:10:55,294 Because the stuff you were saying about the Nazis 1116 01:10:55,420 --> 01:10:56,921 got me all twisted around. 1117 01:10:57,046 --> 01:10:58,840 How is that in the same book about Brett? 1118 01:10:58,965 --> 01:11:01,384 I don't get it. 1119 01:11:01,509 --> 01:11:04,679 Do you think slavery was a system 1120 01:11:04,804 --> 01:11:07,223 of terrorism and torture 1121 01:11:07,348 --> 01:11:10,518 that the Europeans used to profit off the labour 1122 01:11:10,643 --> 01:11:14,147 of Black people who they considered inferior? 1123 01:11:14,272 --> 01:11:16,607 Yeah. Hell yes, it was. 1124 01:11:16,733 --> 01:11:18,526 - No. - Don't shake your head, it was! 1125 01:11:18,651 --> 01:11:20,236 No, they made it all up. 1126 01:11:20,361 --> 01:11:22,155 Your girl Toni Morrison said, 1127 01:11:22,280 --> 01:11:25,783 "Why would you give your child to be nursed and raised 1128 01:11:25,908 --> 01:11:27,702 by people who you think aren't human, 1129 01:11:27,827 --> 01:11:29,203 who are animals?" 1130 01:11:29,328 --> 01:11:32,290 - Yes, Toni. - Yes, Toni. 1131 01:11:32,415 --> 01:11:34,959 It was all lies. They knew we weren't inferior, 1132 01:11:35,084 --> 01:11:38,171 but they magnified, they magnified the myths. 1133 01:11:38,296 --> 01:11:41,716 They codify them, set them in stone, 1134 01:11:41,841 --> 01:11:45,595 in systems, in our laws, 1135 01:11:45,720 --> 01:11:49,766 in our healthcare, in where we live, how we learned, 1136 01:11:49,891 --> 01:11:54,937 the kind of work that we do, even our food. 1137 01:11:55,063 --> 01:11:57,815 - Racism at its finest. - Mm-hmm. 1138 01:11:57,940 --> 01:12:00,526 No, it's caste. 1139 01:12:00,651 --> 01:12:03,446 Everything you just said was racist. 1140 01:12:03,571 --> 01:12:05,156 Okay. Well, if it's racist, 1141 01:12:05,281 --> 01:12:08,576 then why is the same thing happening in India? 1142 01:12:08,701 --> 01:12:11,662 They're all brown. They're all Indian. 1143 01:12:11,788 --> 01:12:15,708 Marion, right now to this day, 1144 01:12:15,833 --> 01:12:18,127 there is a system in India 1145 01:12:18,252 --> 01:12:22,090 where generations of people are forced to clean sewers 1146 01:12:22,215 --> 01:12:25,259 with their hands, 1147 01:12:25,384 --> 01:12:28,805 their shit, with their hands. 1148 01:12:28,930 --> 01:12:31,265 They are beneath the lowest of the hierarchy. 1149 01:12:31,390 --> 01:12:33,643 They're called Dalits. 1150 01:12:33,768 --> 01:12:38,189 At one point, they were forced to tie brooms 1151 01:12:38,314 --> 01:12:39,732 around their waists because 1152 01:12:39,857 --> 01:12:43,027 their shadows were supposedly polluted. 1153 01:12:43,152 --> 01:12:44,987 - Hmm. - Their shadows. 1154 01:12:45,113 --> 01:12:48,449 They had to sweep behind themselves 1155 01:12:48,574 --> 01:12:50,701 when they walked. 1156 01:12:50,827 --> 01:12:54,664 How is it racist if they're all the same race? 1157 01:12:54,789 --> 01:12:58,751 Okay, do you think that Jews are white? 1158 01:12:58,876 --> 01:13:00,461 Definitely. 1159 01:13:00,586 --> 01:13:01,963 The majority are. 1160 01:13:02,088 --> 01:13:05,091 But the same thing happened to Jews in Germany 1161 01:13:05,216 --> 01:13:06,759 during the Holocaust. 1162 01:13:06,884 --> 01:13:10,221 The Nazis wanted to create an all-white republic, 1163 01:13:10,346 --> 01:13:12,515 but they hated, they hated the Jews. 1164 01:13:12,640 --> 01:13:15,726 So, they said, "How do we make the Jews not white?" 1165 01:13:15,852 --> 01:13:19,355 So, they put them at the bottom of the hierarchy. 1166 01:13:19,480 --> 01:13:20,982 They said that they were greedy. 1167 01:13:21,107 --> 01:13:22,525 They said that they were dishonest. 1168 01:13:22,650 --> 01:13:26,279 They blamed them for Germany losing the First World War. 1169 01:13:26,404 --> 01:13:27,989 They blamed them for everything bad 1170 01:13:28,114 --> 01:13:29,490 that happened in Germany. 1171 01:13:29,615 --> 01:13:30,908 They were dogs. 1172 01:13:31,033 --> 01:13:34,829 "Kill them. Gas them, wipe them out." 1173 01:13:34,954 --> 01:13:39,834 The Jews and the Nazis were the same colour. 1174 01:13:39,959 --> 01:13:42,753 We have to consider oppression in a way 1175 01:13:42,879 --> 01:13:45,256 that does not centralize race. 1176 01:13:45,381 --> 01:13:49,385 We do it here in America, yes, because racism is all we know. 1177 01:13:49,510 --> 01:13:51,679 But these containers, 1178 01:13:51,804 --> 01:13:55,141 the Dalits in India, Jewish people in Germany, 1179 01:13:55,266 --> 01:13:56,767 Black folks in America, 1180 01:13:56,893 --> 01:14:00,021 all these containers have something in common. 1181 01:14:00,146 --> 01:14:03,149 Race is not one of them. 1182 01:14:03,274 --> 01:14:04,400 It's caste. 1183 01:14:12,325 --> 01:14:15,453 Only took you 10 minutes for that comeback. 1184 01:14:15,578 --> 01:14:17,622 [laughing] 1185 01:14:17,747 --> 01:14:21,626 Figure out how to say more of what you just said, 1186 01:14:21,751 --> 01:14:23,502 make it plain. 1187 01:14:23,628 --> 01:14:26,797 Talk to real people like you just did to me. 1188 01:14:26,923 --> 01:14:28,758 Real people. 1189 01:14:28,883 --> 01:14:30,593 Real things. 1190 01:14:34,138 --> 01:14:35,431 [James] You know, we met in college. 1191 01:14:35,556 --> 01:14:37,099 So, one time, she comes up and saying, 1192 01:14:37,225 --> 01:14:38,559 -"Can I borrow a pen?" - [giggling] 1193 01:14:38,684 --> 01:14:40,853 You are... nigga! That is not true! 1194 01:14:40,978 --> 01:14:42,688 And he didn't know the day of the final. 1195 01:14:42,813 --> 01:14:44,941 So he's like, "I've seen you in my class..." 1196 01:14:45,066 --> 01:14:46,317 And I'm just going... 1197 01:14:46,442 --> 01:14:48,069 "Do you know exactly what the day of the..." 1198 01:14:48,194 --> 01:14:50,154 And... see. I think you were trying to get to me. 1199 01:14:50,279 --> 01:14:51,906 - Let me let you in on a secret. - Mmm. 1200 01:14:52,031 --> 01:14:53,407 - Okay. - I knew when the final was. 1201 01:14:53,532 --> 01:14:56,327 [laughing and clapping] 1202 01:14:56,452 --> 01:14:57,453 - That's my baby. - Night, night. 1203 01:14:57,578 --> 01:14:59,121 Night, night. Sweet dreams. 1204 01:14:59,247 --> 01:15:00,665 Isabel. 1205 01:15:00,790 --> 01:15:02,792 Come by more often, will ya? 1206 01:15:02,917 --> 01:15:05,378 We seem to only get the lasagna when you around here. 1207 01:15:05,503 --> 01:15:07,046 [laughing] 1208 01:15:07,171 --> 01:15:09,257 I'm hearing that she's stingy with the lasagna. 1209 01:15:09,382 --> 01:15:10,675 I don't know what it is. 1210 01:15:10,800 --> 01:15:13,636 Stop, you are lying too close to Sunday, come on. 1211 01:15:13,761 --> 01:15:15,429 [chuckling] 1212 01:15:15,554 --> 01:15:16,889 - Love you. - It was good seeing you. 1213 01:15:17,014 --> 01:15:18,975 - Good night. - Good night. Good to see you, too. 1214 01:15:19,100 --> 01:15:21,394 Make sure they bathe. With water, real water. 1215 01:15:21,519 --> 01:15:22,853 Yes, ma'am. 1216 01:15:22,979 --> 01:15:25,773 - And a washcloth. - I'll do my best, baby. 1217 01:15:25,898 --> 01:15:27,984 Shit, do I... What... Do I just... 1218 01:15:28,109 --> 01:15:29,986 Do I talk slow? What do I... 1219 01:15:30,111 --> 01:15:35,616 Okay, so I was in 10th grade, and we had just moved to Texas, 1220 01:15:35,741 --> 01:15:38,703 and my friend and I had this... these walkie-talkies. 1221 01:15:38,828 --> 01:15:40,955 Which, you know, we'd be using between classes, 1222 01:15:41,080 --> 01:15:42,707 to talk or whatever. 1223 01:15:42,832 --> 01:15:44,667 - And this was pre-cell phone, of course. - Right. 1224 01:15:44,792 --> 01:15:46,627 - Right. - Late 80s. 1225 01:15:46,752 --> 01:15:50,464 And... the principal called me to his office, 1226 01:15:50,589 --> 01:15:51,882 he was all suspicious. 1227 01:15:52,008 --> 01:15:53,676 Because he wanted to know why all these people 1228 01:15:53,801 --> 01:15:54,969 were gathered around my locker. 1229 01:15:55,094 --> 01:15:58,764 So I showed him the walkie-talkie. 1230 01:15:58,889 --> 01:16:00,725 And he asked my name. 1231 01:16:00,850 --> 01:16:05,354 And I said, "Miss Hale." 1232 01:16:05,479 --> 01:16:06,772 And he said, 1233 01:16:06,897 --> 01:16:09,483 "What is your first name?" 1234 01:16:09,608 --> 01:16:11,986 "It's Miss." 1235 01:16:12,111 --> 01:16:16,324 I said, "What is your first name?" 1236 01:16:16,449 --> 01:16:19,493 "My name's Miss." 1237 01:16:19,618 --> 01:16:22,538 He's, "I don't have time for all this foolishness, gal. 1238 01:16:22,663 --> 01:16:25,875 What is your real name?" 1239 01:16:26,000 --> 01:16:29,420 I've... I've repeated my damn name four times. 1240 01:16:29,545 --> 01:16:32,423 That's a direct defiance of caste. 1241 01:16:32,548 --> 01:16:34,091 The most personal I've heard yet. 1242 01:16:34,216 --> 01:16:35,509 Can you imagine that? 1243 01:16:35,634 --> 01:16:37,261 A young Black man plotting 1244 01:16:37,386 --> 01:16:40,931 to force the respect of white people. 1245 01:16:41,057 --> 01:16:44,685 Your father tore a loophole through the hierarchy. 1246 01:16:44,810 --> 01:16:46,228 It's brilliant. 1247 01:16:46,354 --> 01:16:48,439 Brilliant. Go on, go on. 1248 01:16:48,564 --> 01:16:51,942 So the principal was furious. 1249 01:16:52,068 --> 01:16:55,071 So he tells his secretary to check my records, 1250 01:16:55,196 --> 01:16:58,657 and, of course, they confirm that my legal name 1251 01:16:58,783 --> 01:17:01,369 is Miss Hale. 1252 01:17:01,494 --> 01:17:04,622 So he says to me, 1253 01:17:04,747 --> 01:17:08,334 "Hale. I don't know any Hales. 1254 01:17:08,459 --> 01:17:09,752 You not from around here. 1255 01:17:09,877 --> 01:17:12,463 Where's your father from?" 1256 01:17:12,588 --> 01:17:16,133 And I said, "He's from Alabama." 1257 01:17:16,258 --> 01:17:17,468 And he said, 1258 01:17:17,593 --> 01:17:20,096 "I knew you weren't from around here. 1259 01:17:20,221 --> 01:17:21,972 You know how I knew? 1260 01:17:22,098 --> 01:17:24,767 And I said, "No." 1261 01:17:24,892 --> 01:17:29,271 And he said, real cold... 1262 01:17:29,397 --> 01:17:32,358 "'Cause you looking me in the eye. 1263 01:17:32,483 --> 01:17:35,111 Coloured folk around here know better." 1264 01:17:40,866 --> 01:17:44,412 I was... 1265 01:17:44,537 --> 01:17:46,038 I was scared. 1266 01:17:49,291 --> 01:17:52,837 - You know, I was a kid. - Yeah. 1267 01:17:52,962 --> 01:17:54,588 I had never felt... 1268 01:17:57,216 --> 01:17:59,093 that... 1269 01:17:59,218 --> 01:18:02,513 that cold glare. 1270 01:18:02,638 --> 01:18:05,474 You know, he was lookin' me right in the eyes, 1271 01:18:05,599 --> 01:18:10,062 demanding that I not look him in the eyes. 1272 01:18:22,408 --> 01:18:23,409 You know, my... 1273 01:18:27,705 --> 01:18:29,081 You know, Daddy would... 1274 01:18:31,917 --> 01:18:34,128 It's okay. It's okay. 1275 01:18:38,716 --> 01:18:42,636 Daddy tell me again and again, 1276 01:18:42,761 --> 01:18:45,764 "Always live up to your name." 1277 01:18:50,227 --> 01:18:51,687 He said, "Miss... 1278 01:18:57,067 --> 01:19:01,113 They don't have the corner on humanity. 1279 01:19:01,238 --> 01:19:04,241 They don't have the corner on femininity. 1280 01:19:04,366 --> 01:19:06,785 They don't have the corner on what it means 1281 01:19:06,911 --> 01:19:10,831 to be a whole, noble, honourable person." 1282 01:19:15,753 --> 01:19:19,507 [melancholic music] 1283 01:19:19,632 --> 01:19:20,925 Far from it. 1284 01:19:30,768 --> 01:19:32,019 Thank you. 1285 01:19:45,950 --> 01:19:46,992 You okay? 1286 01:19:56,043 --> 01:19:58,879 [soft piano music] 1287 01:19:59,004 --> 01:20:00,965 [Isabel] Most relationships end. 1288 01:20:01,090 --> 01:20:03,217 Friendships, romances. 1289 01:20:03,342 --> 01:20:08,180 Divorces. I mean, separations, people grow apart. 1290 01:20:08,305 --> 01:20:09,557 They break. 1291 01:20:16,480 --> 01:20:18,065 But we didn't break. 1292 01:20:48,721 --> 01:20:51,098 We fought that night. 1293 01:20:53,392 --> 01:20:56,770 It was about something so silly, Miss. 1294 01:21:00,774 --> 01:21:03,485 I should have spent more time with her. 1295 01:21:03,611 --> 01:21:05,029 Daddy would want me to fix this. 1296 01:21:05,154 --> 01:21:07,990 For Christ's sake, would you stop, Isabel? 1297 01:21:08,115 --> 01:21:10,326 Just stop. 1298 01:21:10,451 --> 01:21:12,536 It's her idea, she made a choice, 1299 01:21:12,661 --> 01:21:14,538 she's a grown woman, let her make it. 1300 01:21:14,663 --> 01:21:16,582 It's like you hide behind this thing with your mother. 1301 01:21:16,707 --> 01:21:18,292 - Hiding? - I just don't get it. 1302 01:21:18,417 --> 01:21:20,419 - Hide? I'm not hiding. - Hiding. You're hiding. 1303 01:21:20,544 --> 01:21:23,631 I'm not hiding. 1304 01:21:23,756 --> 01:21:25,174 So silly. 1305 01:21:27,968 --> 01:21:30,179 And then... 1306 01:21:30,304 --> 01:21:33,515 he offered me some pasta... 1307 01:21:33,641 --> 01:21:35,392 to apologize. 1308 01:21:45,611 --> 01:21:47,488 You want some of that pasta? 1309 01:21:51,742 --> 01:21:53,369 - Save me some. - Okay. 1310 01:22:00,668 --> 01:22:02,211 And then that was it. 1311 01:22:07,299 --> 01:22:08,509 But we didn't break. 1312 01:22:11,053 --> 01:22:13,847 We did not break. 1313 01:22:13,972 --> 01:22:16,600 We were together. 1314 01:22:16,725 --> 01:22:17,768 Til' the end. 1315 01:22:20,312 --> 01:22:23,232 He should be here, Miss. 1316 01:22:23,357 --> 01:22:26,276 He should be here. 1317 01:22:26,402 --> 01:22:28,779 [no audible dialogue] 1318 01:22:28,904 --> 01:22:32,866 [melancholic music] 1319 01:22:51,844 --> 01:22:54,805 And the one person... 1320 01:22:54,930 --> 01:22:56,140 that I could talk to about... 1321 01:22:58,851 --> 01:23:00,352 she's gone, too. 1322 01:23:06,692 --> 01:23:09,153 [heavy breathing] 1323 01:23:12,281 --> 01:23:14,742 What the hell am I supposed to do now? 1324 01:23:18,454 --> 01:23:19,496 Come, come, come. 1325 01:23:19,621 --> 01:23:21,415 - [sharp inhale] - You're okay. 1326 01:23:25,711 --> 01:23:27,463 I just wanna scream, 1327 01:23:27,588 --> 01:23:29,423 I just wanna scream, I just wanna scream. 1328 01:23:29,548 --> 01:23:33,635 Then scream. Then scream. 1329 01:23:33,761 --> 01:23:35,053 Scream. 1330 01:23:37,514 --> 01:23:38,932 [whimpers] 1331 01:23:44,938 --> 01:23:48,484 Roomy. Fantastic light. 1332 01:23:48,609 --> 01:23:50,235 Will you update or sell as original? 1333 01:23:52,529 --> 01:23:55,449 I was thinking a fresh coat of paint. 1334 01:23:55,574 --> 01:23:57,075 Vintage it is. 1335 01:23:57,201 --> 01:23:58,619 Yeah. 1336 01:24:10,130 --> 01:24:12,049 There might be water damage there. 1337 01:24:14,384 --> 01:24:17,095 Yes, with everything going on, I just... 1338 01:24:17,221 --> 01:24:18,722 I just basically locked up the house, 1339 01:24:18,847 --> 01:24:20,349 I have to deal with it. 1340 01:24:20,474 --> 01:24:22,518 It's a process. 1341 01:24:22,643 --> 01:24:25,479 Isn't everything? 1342 01:24:25,604 --> 01:24:28,148 So what is the price difference 1343 01:24:28,273 --> 01:24:30,901 between fixing it up and selling it as is? 1344 01:24:31,026 --> 01:24:33,529 - As is? - Yeah. 1345 01:24:33,654 --> 01:24:36,824 You're basically giving this little jewel away. 1346 01:24:36,949 --> 01:24:39,284 The area's hot right now with hipsters. 1347 01:24:39,409 --> 01:24:40,994 And these older homes, when they're fixed up, 1348 01:24:41,119 --> 01:24:43,080 can sometimes double in value. 1349 01:24:43,205 --> 01:24:45,791 If you can put a few thousand towards getting it fixed, 1350 01:24:45,916 --> 01:24:48,168 you would have a competitive situation on your hands 1351 01:24:48,293 --> 01:24:50,045 with multiple bidders. 1352 01:24:54,049 --> 01:24:55,926 You write books, right? 1353 01:24:56,051 --> 01:24:58,262 A book. 1354 01:24:58,387 --> 01:25:01,390 I'm writing another one, but... 1355 01:25:01,515 --> 01:25:05,352 books don't pay as much as people think. 1356 01:25:05,477 --> 01:25:07,521 I get it. 1357 01:25:07,646 --> 01:25:10,065 Sell as a fixer and don't even worry about it. 1358 01:25:10,190 --> 01:25:12,609 Let someone else do the work. 1359 01:25:12,734 --> 01:25:14,653 So let's discuss the contract. 1360 01:25:14,778 --> 01:25:16,405 Once the property is clear, we'll go ahead 1361 01:25:16,530 --> 01:25:18,532 and do an open house, that way, people can come in 1362 01:25:18,657 --> 01:25:20,868 and view the property and see what they're willing to offer. 1363 01:25:20,993 --> 01:25:23,287 Like I said, we'll get multiple bidders... 1364 01:25:23,412 --> 01:25:25,455 [women laughing] 1365 01:25:25,581 --> 01:25:27,416 - [Isabel] Who is that? - [Marion] What? 1366 01:25:27,541 --> 01:25:29,418 They didn't wanna get in trouble. 1367 01:25:29,543 --> 01:25:32,254 [giggling] 1368 01:25:32,379 --> 01:25:34,548 Stop. 1369 01:25:34,673 --> 01:25:36,717 She sucked her thumb and peed in the bed 1370 01:25:36,842 --> 01:25:38,802 'til she was 20 years old. 1371 01:25:38,927 --> 01:25:43,473 I'm not... I'm just... Stop. 1372 01:25:43,599 --> 01:25:46,059 So cute. So cute. 1373 01:25:46,184 --> 01:25:48,437 - [laughing] - Mm, mm, mm. 1374 01:25:48,562 --> 01:25:51,648 Look at Mama. 1375 01:25:51,773 --> 01:25:52,691 So cute. 1376 01:25:52,816 --> 01:25:55,360 - So fine. - Yeah. 1377 01:25:55,485 --> 01:25:57,029 How much is it? 1378 01:25:57,154 --> 01:25:58,906 Eh... 1379 01:25:59,031 --> 01:26:02,868 All four estimates are over $10,000. 1380 01:26:02,993 --> 01:26:05,120 - Damn. - Yeah. 1381 01:26:07,497 --> 01:26:09,416 You can't sell the roofless house. 1382 01:26:09,541 --> 01:26:12,961 Well, we'll have to wait til' I get back. 1383 01:26:13,086 --> 01:26:16,715 - You leave when again? - Next month. 1384 01:26:16,840 --> 01:26:19,176 I have so much research to do here, 1385 01:26:19,301 --> 01:26:22,721 and I have to start a new draft soon. 1386 01:26:22,846 --> 01:26:24,681 Do you even know anybody in India? 1387 01:26:24,806 --> 01:26:27,142 Marion, here's Uncle. 1388 01:26:27,267 --> 01:26:29,353 That's the point of travellin'. 1389 01:26:29,478 --> 01:26:31,521 Meeting new people. 1390 01:26:31,647 --> 01:26:34,691 Travelling to places where you are warmly welcomed 1391 01:26:34,816 --> 01:26:39,112 by familiar faces is underrated. 1392 01:26:39,237 --> 01:26:42,574 Well, I might have found an Indian professor 1393 01:26:42,699 --> 01:26:44,660 - who can help me navigate. - [Marion coughing] 1394 01:26:44,785 --> 01:26:48,121 "Might"? [coughing] 1395 01:26:48,246 --> 01:26:50,165 No, no "might." 1396 01:26:50,290 --> 01:26:52,584 [worrying music] 1397 01:26:56,922 --> 01:27:00,008 [foreign language over plane intercom] 1398 01:27:45,220 --> 01:27:47,931 [tense music] 1399 01:28:27,471 --> 01:28:29,181 Here you are. 1400 01:28:29,306 --> 01:28:30,432 No, no, no. 1401 01:28:41,193 --> 01:28:44,279 - Thank you. - [man] Thank you, Madam. 1402 01:28:44,404 --> 01:28:46,990 [distant honking] 1403 01:28:52,871 --> 01:28:54,081 [sighs] 1404 01:29:03,840 --> 01:29:04,925 [phone dings] 1405 01:29:11,139 --> 01:29:13,809 Okay, good. Oh, good. 1406 01:29:26,363 --> 01:29:29,616 [city hubbub] 1407 01:29:33,370 --> 01:29:34,871 [Isabel exhales] 1408 01:30:07,112 --> 01:30:08,947 [honking] 1409 01:30:09,072 --> 01:30:11,032 Isabel! Isabel! 1410 01:30:11,158 --> 01:30:15,328 [excited laughing] Suraj! 1411 01:30:15,453 --> 01:30:16,913 - So good to see you. - Hello, hello. 1412 01:30:17,038 --> 01:30:19,291 Allow me to introduce my esteemed friend... 1413 01:30:19,416 --> 01:30:21,084 - Yes. - ...Professor Ram Kamli. 1414 01:30:21,209 --> 01:30:23,128 - The pleasure is mine. - Thank you, thank you. 1415 01:30:23,253 --> 01:30:25,839 You know what we're gonna do? We're gonna go straight. 1416 01:30:25,964 --> 01:30:27,424 We're gonna walk right there. 1417 01:30:27,549 --> 01:30:29,217 - That's where we gotta go. - [Isabel] We're doing that? 1418 01:30:29,342 --> 01:30:30,260 [Suraj] We're gonna do that. 1419 01:30:30,385 --> 01:30:32,429 - You're excited? - Yes, I am. 1420 01:30:32,554 --> 01:30:35,307 Welcome to India, Isabel. It's so good to have you. 1421 01:30:35,432 --> 01:30:36,641 [Isabel] I'm happy to be here. 1422 01:30:36,766 --> 01:30:38,393 [Suraj] There are signals on all the corners. 1423 01:30:38,518 --> 01:30:40,854 And this is one of the... This is not four-way. 1424 01:30:40,979 --> 01:30:42,564 - This is five-way. - Five-way. 1425 01:30:42,689 --> 01:30:45,317 And if you add a person like me, 1426 01:30:45,442 --> 01:30:46,943 I make my own way. 1427 01:30:47,068 --> 01:30:50,906 - So, it's like six-way. - Six-way? 1428 01:30:51,031 --> 01:30:52,908 Oh my... 1429 01:31:00,957 --> 01:31:02,500 A beautiful market. 1430 01:31:06,880 --> 01:31:10,342 [indistinct talking] 1431 01:31:17,974 --> 01:31:22,437 [speaking in foreign language] 1432 01:31:22,562 --> 01:31:24,272 - I like this one. - [Ram] You like this one? 1433 01:31:24,397 --> 01:31:26,274 [Ram and vendor speaking] 1434 01:31:26,399 --> 01:31:28,026 She would like this. 1435 01:31:28,151 --> 01:31:30,820 [Ram and vendor haggling in foreign language] 1436 01:31:38,245 --> 01:31:41,164 - It's for my cousin. - That look gorgeous. 1437 01:31:41,289 --> 01:31:43,124 Thank you. 1438 01:31:43,250 --> 01:31:45,293 Why is the statue caged? 1439 01:31:45,418 --> 01:31:47,545 Ah. Quite observant. 1440 01:31:47,671 --> 01:31:50,382 He's Babasaheb, the leader of Dalits. 1441 01:31:50,507 --> 01:31:55,136 Isabel, he's Dr. Ambedkar! 1442 01:31:55,262 --> 01:31:57,847 This is the time when he had just completed 1443 01:31:57,973 --> 01:32:00,558 the task of drafting India's constitution. 1444 01:32:00,684 --> 01:32:03,436 There, he's holding it and standing tall. 1445 01:32:03,561 --> 01:32:07,107 You will find these statues all across the country. 1446 01:32:07,232 --> 01:32:10,318 From a busier street, square, parks, 1447 01:32:10,443 --> 01:32:12,404 railway stations, bus stations. 1448 01:32:12,529 --> 01:32:15,657 Even in people's private properties. 1449 01:32:15,782 --> 01:32:20,912 Him standing is an affirmation of our existence. 1450 01:32:21,037 --> 01:32:24,374 To us, he is revered. 1451 01:32:24,499 --> 01:32:27,294 To others, they revile him. 1452 01:32:27,419 --> 01:32:30,880 Dr. Ambedkar statues are one of the most vandalized 1453 01:32:31,006 --> 01:32:33,008 in the country. 1454 01:32:33,133 --> 01:32:36,136 The cage is to keep the vandals away. 1455 01:32:36,261 --> 01:32:41,516 [pensive music] 1456 01:32:41,641 --> 01:32:44,561 Dr. Ambedkar is more than a champion 1457 01:32:44,686 --> 01:32:47,355 and a hero to the Dalit people. 1458 01:32:47,480 --> 01:32:50,984 He's the hope that lives within us. 1459 01:32:51,109 --> 01:32:53,028 He went to the heart of the problem of caste, 1460 01:32:53,153 --> 01:32:55,363 and he thought purity was lying 1461 01:32:55,488 --> 01:32:59,451 - beneath the artifice of caste... - Mm-hmm. 1462 01:32:59,576 --> 01:33:03,705 And where the human population was chopped 1463 01:33:03,830 --> 01:33:07,459 into what he called "fixed and definite units." 1464 01:33:07,584 --> 01:33:10,003 In America, you have what you call 1465 01:33:10,128 --> 01:33:13,048 the Blacks, the Browns, the Asian, the Whites, and etc. 1466 01:33:13,173 --> 01:33:15,258 Similarly, we have in India, 1467 01:33:15,383 --> 01:33:18,303 where the Dalits are supposed to be at the bottom 1468 01:33:18,428 --> 01:33:19,971 - and the Brahmins at the top. - Mm-hmm. 1469 01:33:20,096 --> 01:33:23,892 And between, there are various units of caste. 1470 01:33:24,017 --> 01:33:28,813 What maintains this unit into continuing of caste system 1471 01:33:28,938 --> 01:33:32,734 is unending violence in the form of rape, 1472 01:33:32,859 --> 01:33:35,445 mutilation and murder. 1473 01:33:35,570 --> 01:33:40,408 In India, a Dalit person is attacked every 15 minutes. 1474 01:33:40,533 --> 01:33:43,370 Every day, 10 Dalit women are raped, 1475 01:33:43,495 --> 01:33:47,624 and these are only the reported cases. 1476 01:33:47,749 --> 01:33:50,627 Rohith Vemula's friends, family and the wider Dalit Movement 1477 01:33:50,752 --> 01:33:53,046 called it an institutional murder. 1478 01:33:53,171 --> 01:33:54,881 And they called it this because it was not 1479 01:33:55,006 --> 01:33:56,591 simply a case of suicide. 1480 01:33:56,716 --> 01:33:58,551 They said that this was an institution 1481 01:33:58,676 --> 01:34:00,553 that was systematically discriminating 1482 01:34:00,678 --> 01:34:01,846 against a young Dalit student. 1483 01:34:01,971 --> 01:34:04,307 And this was important because for a lot of us, 1484 01:34:04,432 --> 01:34:06,518 as young folks who were looking 1485 01:34:06,643 --> 01:34:08,144 for a life of dignity and respect, 1486 01:34:08,269 --> 01:34:10,355 and were looking to education 1487 01:34:10,480 --> 01:34:12,107 and the university to give us that life, 1488 01:34:12,232 --> 01:34:16,528 it showed that the spectre of caste was still haunting us. 1489 01:34:16,653 --> 01:34:20,240 [Suraj] In a world where Dalit people are brutalized, 1490 01:34:20,365 --> 01:34:23,326 simply to keep us in our place, 1491 01:34:23,451 --> 01:34:26,621 Dr. Ambedkar remains our shining light. 1492 01:34:26,746 --> 01:34:31,334 Our guardian, our hero, our father. 1493 01:34:31,459 --> 01:34:33,628 The site of Dr. Ambedkar's last home. 1494 01:34:33,753 --> 01:34:36,131 - It's a museum now. - Ah. 1495 01:34:36,256 --> 01:34:37,924 Quite magnificent. 1496 01:34:38,049 --> 01:34:40,802 As you can see, it's an open-book concept. 1497 01:34:44,472 --> 01:34:47,350 While he is a giant among Dalits, 1498 01:34:47,475 --> 01:34:52,647 the world has failed to acknowledge his genius. 1499 01:34:52,772 --> 01:34:56,109 Dr. Ambedkar was separated from the kids of high caste 1500 01:34:56,234 --> 01:34:58,069 so as not to pollute them. 1501 01:34:58,194 --> 01:35:00,029 [man shouting playfully] 1502 01:35:00,155 --> 01:35:03,450 [children cheering] 1503 01:35:03,575 --> 01:35:06,953 [Suraj] As a child, young Bhimrao Ambedkar 1504 01:35:07,078 --> 01:35:09,664 was not allowed to touch many of the things 1505 01:35:09,789 --> 01:35:12,375 his classmates would touch. 1506 01:35:15,295 --> 01:35:18,381 He was not even allowed to touch water at the school. 1507 01:35:18,506 --> 01:35:20,508 This is because he was considered 1508 01:35:20,633 --> 01:35:22,177 an "untouchable." 1509 01:35:25,138 --> 01:35:29,976 That was the term used for Dalits at the time. 1510 01:35:30,101 --> 01:35:31,728 [teacher speaking foreign language] 1511 01:35:31,853 --> 01:35:35,064 Young Ambedkar was not allowed to touch or sit 1512 01:35:35,190 --> 01:35:37,442 at a desk during class. 1513 01:35:37,567 --> 01:35:39,986 [teacher speaking foreign language] 1514 01:35:42,530 --> 01:35:45,408 [soft music] 1515 01:35:53,583 --> 01:35:56,336 But he persevered. 1516 01:35:56,461 --> 01:35:59,255 He continued to study and break barriers. 1517 01:36:02,800 --> 01:36:06,262 Dr. Ambedkar earned two PhDs. 1518 01:36:06,387 --> 01:36:09,057 One at Columbia University, 1519 01:36:09,182 --> 01:36:14,187 and the other at the London School of Economics. 1520 01:36:14,312 --> 01:36:20,527 After obtaining his PhDs and passing the bar, 1521 01:36:20,652 --> 01:36:26,908 Dr. Ambedkar returned to India as a heralded scholar. 1522 01:36:27,033 --> 01:36:28,826 We have been carrying on with untouchability 1523 01:36:28,952 --> 01:36:30,495 for the last 2,000 years. 1524 01:36:30,620 --> 01:36:32,455 Nobody has bothered about it. 1525 01:36:32,580 --> 01:36:37,085 You see? Yes, there are some... some disabilities. 1526 01:36:37,210 --> 01:36:39,045 We are very harmful. 1527 01:36:39,170 --> 01:36:40,922 Apparently, people can't take water. 1528 01:36:41,047 --> 01:36:43,967 People can't have land, you see, 1529 01:36:44,092 --> 01:36:46,886 to cultivate and earn their livelihood. 1530 01:36:49,347 --> 01:36:54,477 There is an insistence on conflating caste with race. 1531 01:36:54,602 --> 01:36:56,271 - Oh, yeah. - If I brought you 1532 01:36:56,396 --> 01:36:58,856 to the family reunion, what would you say? 1533 01:36:58,982 --> 01:37:00,108 What would you say to them? 1534 01:37:00,233 --> 01:37:04,028 My cousin Marion. My... my mother. 1535 01:37:07,907 --> 01:37:09,742 What would you say to them 1536 01:37:09,867 --> 01:37:13,997 that's important for them to know... 1537 01:37:14,122 --> 01:37:17,417 about you, about India, 1538 01:37:17,542 --> 01:37:23,172 about caste and our connection? 1539 01:37:23,298 --> 01:37:24,882 [Suraj] Our heroes found the connection. 1540 01:37:25,008 --> 01:37:27,343 And it is up to us to find it again, 1541 01:37:27,468 --> 01:37:31,931 and build upon it in sibling solidarity. 1542 01:37:32,056 --> 01:37:36,060 When Bhimrao Ambedkar was a young Indian graduate student, 1543 01:37:36,185 --> 01:37:38,813 he found himself in New York City. 1544 01:37:38,938 --> 01:37:42,233 Harlem, to be exact. 1545 01:37:42,358 --> 01:37:46,321 He saw kindred spirits among Black people in America. 1546 01:37:46,446 --> 01:37:48,448 Both in the oppression they faced 1547 01:37:48,573 --> 01:37:51,576 and in their survival. 1548 01:37:54,120 --> 01:37:56,289 He immediately recognized the similarities 1549 01:37:56,414 --> 01:37:59,500 between how African Americans were treated 1550 01:37:59,626 --> 01:38:01,919 and the treatment of Dalits. 1551 01:38:05,381 --> 01:38:07,342 Asha, you've been doing some work on this right? 1552 01:38:07,467 --> 01:38:11,888 Yes, my thesis centred on Dr. King's visit to India. 1553 01:38:12,013 --> 01:38:14,974 He saw many of these things first time, 1554 01:38:15,099 --> 01:38:18,186 while he and his wife toured the country. 1555 01:38:18,311 --> 01:38:21,230 I found the way in which he wrote about India 1556 01:38:21,356 --> 01:38:24,359 to be fascinating as someone afflicted by caste 1557 01:38:24,484 --> 01:38:26,736 in their own country. 1558 01:38:26,861 --> 01:38:30,073 I used his essay in the magazine of United States 1559 01:38:30,198 --> 01:38:35,495 as the core of my research. Uh, do you know Ebony Magazine? 1560 01:38:35,620 --> 01:38:37,121 Yes. 1561 01:38:37,246 --> 01:38:38,623 Yes, I know Ebony Magazine. 1562 01:38:38,748 --> 01:38:41,626 Dr. King wrote about India in Ebony? 1563 01:38:41,751 --> 01:38:43,044 [Asha] Yes. [soft chuckle] 1564 01:38:43,169 --> 01:38:44,545 July 1959. 1565 01:38:44,671 --> 01:38:48,299 It is quite extraordinary. 1566 01:38:48,424 --> 01:38:52,011 [Suraj] And so, there is a connection between us. 1567 01:38:52,136 --> 01:38:54,639 The African Americans, the Dalits, 1568 01:38:54,764 --> 01:38:56,974 the indigenous people around the world, 1569 01:38:57,100 --> 01:39:00,436 the Palestinian people, the Roma people, Buraku people. 1570 01:39:00,561 --> 01:39:02,438 - Yes. - The outcasts of Africa 1571 01:39:02,563 --> 01:39:03,940 are still fighting for their rights. 1572 01:39:04,065 --> 01:39:06,109 Be it Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal. 1573 01:39:06,234 --> 01:39:09,320 You go to Latin America, you find outcasts 1574 01:39:09,445 --> 01:39:13,074 within the Mexican society or Brazilian society. 1575 01:39:13,199 --> 01:39:15,034 And if we think about our histories 1576 01:39:15,159 --> 01:39:17,620 through the wonderful ability of love, 1577 01:39:17,745 --> 01:39:21,958 the symbols of hate and diets of violence 1578 01:39:22,083 --> 01:39:27,964 will be replaced by compassion, care and solidarity. 1579 01:39:28,089 --> 01:39:32,260 This is the world that we have to imagine 1580 01:39:32,385 --> 01:39:35,304 for ourselves and for others 1581 01:39:35,430 --> 01:39:38,349 who have not yet seen the beauty 1582 01:39:38,474 --> 01:39:40,518 that human beings have to offer. 1583 01:39:44,105 --> 01:39:46,566 [Dr. King] One afternoon, I went down to speak 1584 01:39:46,691 --> 01:39:49,235 in the southern part of India, 1585 01:39:49,360 --> 01:39:53,781 and I remember that afternoon that the principal got up 1586 01:39:53,906 --> 01:39:55,825 to introduce me. 1587 01:39:55,950 --> 01:39:59,203 He said, "I would like to present to you 1588 01:39:59,328 --> 01:40:01,372 a fellow untouchable 1589 01:40:01,497 --> 01:40:03,624 from the United States of America." 1590 01:40:03,750 --> 01:40:06,586 And for the moment, I was peeved. I was shocked 1591 01:40:06,711 --> 01:40:10,256 that I would be introduced as an untouchable. 1592 01:40:10,381 --> 01:40:15,803 Pretty soon, my mind ran back across to America. 1593 01:40:15,928 --> 01:40:20,224 And I had to say to myself, I am an untouchable. 1594 01:40:20,349 --> 01:40:23,352 And segregation is evil and sinful 1595 01:40:23,478 --> 01:40:26,355 because it stigmatizes 1596 01:40:26,481 --> 01:40:29,025 the segregated as an untouchable 1597 01:40:29,150 --> 01:40:31,486 in a caste system. 1598 01:40:31,611 --> 01:40:34,363 And this is why I'm convinced 1599 01:40:34,489 --> 01:40:38,951 that we have the moral edict, 1600 01:40:39,076 --> 01:40:40,912 a moral mandate, 1601 01:40:41,037 --> 01:40:47,376 to work to get rid of this unjust and evil system. 1602 01:40:47,502 --> 01:40:48,669 [phone dings] 1603 01:41:06,437 --> 01:41:09,565 [pensive music] 1604 01:41:22,286 --> 01:41:24,497 [heavy breathing] 1605 01:41:32,338 --> 01:41:36,217 I'll put the phone near her. 1606 01:41:36,342 --> 01:41:37,593 [Isabel] Okay. 1607 01:41:45,059 --> 01:41:46,102 Baby. 1608 01:41:50,982 --> 01:41:53,609 - [raspy breathing] - You're on speaker. Um... 1609 01:41:53,734 --> 01:41:56,737 She's... 1610 01:41:56,863 --> 01:41:58,656 She hasn't been responding to folks. 1611 01:42:02,493 --> 01:42:03,703 I understand. 1612 01:42:10,251 --> 01:42:12,253 Marion. 1613 01:42:12,378 --> 01:42:13,754 It's Isabel. 1614 01:42:16,966 --> 01:42:18,467 Hi, Cousin. 1615 01:42:22,388 --> 01:42:24,223 I called to say goodbye. 1616 01:42:28,352 --> 01:42:32,273 I believe you can hear me. 1617 01:42:32,398 --> 01:42:34,275 You mean so much to me. 1618 01:42:38,863 --> 01:42:43,117 I remember everything you have ever said to me. 1619 01:42:43,242 --> 01:42:46,579 From the time that we were kids 1620 01:42:46,704 --> 01:42:51,167 until the last time I heard your voice. 1621 01:42:51,292 --> 01:42:52,668 I'll never forget it. 1622 01:42:55,963 --> 01:42:57,632 I'll never forget you. 1623 01:43:01,052 --> 01:43:03,346 You will walk with me. 1624 01:43:05,848 --> 01:43:09,644 You will live in me. 1625 01:43:09,769 --> 01:43:11,479 For as long as I'm here. 1626 01:43:15,983 --> 01:43:17,151 Watch over me. 1627 01:43:21,155 --> 01:43:23,032 Cover me, okay? 1628 01:43:26,994 --> 01:43:31,123 I won't see you, but you'll see me. 1629 01:43:34,502 --> 01:43:38,547 There's more to life than what you can see. 1630 01:43:41,300 --> 01:43:43,928 You're going to experience it all. 1631 01:43:51,268 --> 01:43:53,813 I love you. I love you. I love you. 1632 01:44:05,408 --> 01:44:08,577 [sorrowful music] 1633 01:44:08,703 --> 01:44:11,080 I could stay around for a bit. 1634 01:44:11,205 --> 01:44:14,333 Don't you dare. You go. 1635 01:44:14,458 --> 01:44:17,128 So you can come home and you can write your stories. 1636 01:44:17,253 --> 01:44:19,505 'Cause folks need to know about this. 1637 01:44:31,017 --> 01:44:33,227 [chirping birds] 1638 01:44:42,903 --> 01:44:44,155 The pillars are working. 1639 01:44:44,280 --> 01:44:46,073 You know, it gives it shape. 1640 01:44:46,198 --> 01:44:48,034 Good, good. 1641 01:44:48,159 --> 01:44:50,619 Then how many of them will there be? 1642 01:44:50,745 --> 01:44:53,080 Six or seven. 1643 01:44:53,205 --> 01:44:55,458 Maybe eight. 1644 01:44:55,583 --> 01:44:57,084 And you are going to make this deadline? 1645 01:44:57,209 --> 01:44:59,045 I am going to make this deadline. 1646 01:44:59,170 --> 01:45:00,463 This self-imposed deadline. 1647 01:45:00,588 --> 01:45:03,132 Well, I don't have anyone to push me anymore, 1648 01:45:03,257 --> 01:45:04,759 so I have to push myself. 1649 01:45:15,978 --> 01:45:18,939 [pensive music] 1650 01:45:41,670 --> 01:45:45,341 [Isabel] A caste system needs scaffolding 1651 01:45:45,466 --> 01:45:48,719 in order to maintain its hierarchies. 1652 01:45:58,270 --> 01:46:00,606 Dr. Ambedkar wrote, 1653 01:46:00,731 --> 01:46:03,984 "Caste is an artificial chopping up of 1654 01:46:04,110 --> 01:46:06,529 the population into fixed units. 1655 01:46:06,654 --> 01:46:09,865 Each unit is prevented from fusing into another 1656 01:46:09,990 --> 01:46:12,409 through the custom called endogamy." 1657 01:46:12,535 --> 01:46:13,327 [cheering] 1658 01:46:13,452 --> 01:46:15,329 [speaking German] Our rehearsing has paid off. 1659 01:46:15,454 --> 01:46:18,791 It's only taken six months to get that twirl down. 1660 01:46:18,916 --> 01:46:20,459 But... 1661 01:46:20,584 --> 01:46:22,086 ...completely worthwhile. 1662 01:46:30,761 --> 01:46:32,012 Let's go again. 1663 01:46:34,348 --> 01:46:35,933 Let me powder my nose first. 1664 01:46:43,566 --> 01:46:46,193 [in English] In showing how endogamy is maintained, 1665 01:46:46,318 --> 01:46:51,073 we can prove the genesis and mechanism of caste. 1666 01:46:51,198 --> 01:46:54,285 Endogamy is defined as restricting marriage 1667 01:46:54,410 --> 01:46:56,954 to people within the same caste. 1668 01:47:01,375 --> 01:47:03,002 [speaking German] 1669 01:47:06,714 --> 01:47:07,923 [speaking German] Have you heard... 1670 01:47:08,048 --> 01:47:11,177 ...they're asking for names and addresses. 1671 01:47:11,302 --> 01:47:12,720 They won't. 1672 01:47:12,845 --> 01:47:14,638 They're looking for artists and people who like jazz. 1673 01:47:14,763 --> 01:47:17,016 I don't believe it. It's all blown out of proportion. 1674 01:47:17,141 --> 01:47:20,269 No. This happened at the Wonder Room last month. 1675 01:47:20,394 --> 01:47:22,271 [Isabel, in English] This is an ironclad foundation 1676 01:47:22,396 --> 01:47:25,733 of any caste system. 1677 01:47:25,858 --> 01:47:28,944 From ancient India, to the Nazi regime, 1678 01:47:29,069 --> 01:47:31,697 to the American colonizers. 1679 01:47:37,786 --> 01:47:41,123 [speaking German] Laugh, dear. 1680 01:47:41,248 --> 01:47:43,375 Laugh right now. 1681 01:47:43,500 --> 01:47:47,379 [giggling] 1682 01:47:47,504 --> 01:47:50,466 [in English] Endogamy enforces caste boundaries 1683 01:47:50,591 --> 01:47:53,344 by forbidding marriage, sexual relations 1684 01:47:53,469 --> 01:47:55,930 or even the appearance of romantic interest 1685 01:47:56,055 --> 01:47:58,098 across caste lines. 1686 01:47:58,224 --> 01:48:01,602 It builds a firewall between certain people. 1687 01:48:01,727 --> 01:48:03,854 [men speaking, dogs barking] 1688 01:48:03,979 --> 01:48:06,523 [men shouting in German] 1689 01:48:18,577 --> 01:48:22,164 By closing off legal family connection, 1690 01:48:22,289 --> 01:48:25,417 endogamy purposely blocks sense of empathy 1691 01:48:25,542 --> 01:48:27,878 and shared destiny between people. 1692 01:48:28,003 --> 01:48:30,965 [shouting in German] 1693 01:48:31,090 --> 01:48:32,132 Mama! 1694 01:48:32,258 --> 01:48:34,510 [indistinct shouting] 1695 01:48:37,054 --> 01:48:39,139 Mama! 1696 01:48:39,265 --> 01:48:40,641 [shouting continues] 1697 01:48:43,352 --> 01:48:47,731 [soft piano music] 1698 01:48:47,856 --> 01:48:49,900 [Isabel] It was the caste system, 1699 01:48:50,025 --> 01:48:51,944 through the practice of endogamy, 1700 01:48:52,069 --> 01:48:55,239 which essentially regulated people's romantic choices 1701 01:48:55,364 --> 01:48:57,116 over the course of centuries, 1702 01:48:57,241 --> 01:49:01,787 that created and reinforced the idea of races. 1703 01:49:05,499 --> 01:49:09,044 By permitting only those with similar physical traits 1704 01:49:09,169 --> 01:49:11,130 to legally mate. 1705 01:49:14,717 --> 01:49:18,470 Endogamy laws written and enforced by white men 1706 01:49:18,595 --> 01:49:22,391 designed the population of the United States. 1707 01:49:28,147 --> 01:49:32,234 If you were not a white man and you violated that... 1708 01:49:34,945 --> 01:49:38,991 An unknowable number of lives were lost due to endogamy... 1709 01:49:41,410 --> 01:49:43,579 the defining pillar of caste. 1710 01:49:46,874 --> 01:49:49,543 It triggered the most publicized cases 1711 01:49:49,668 --> 01:49:51,503 of lynchings in America. 1712 01:49:51,628 --> 01:49:55,632 A protocol strictly enforced against Black men 1713 01:49:55,758 --> 01:49:57,801 and white women. 1714 01:49:57,926 --> 01:49:59,553 Front row seat, darlin'. 1715 01:50:02,431 --> 01:50:05,851 [man choking] 1716 01:50:10,189 --> 01:50:12,816 [Isabel] One of the foremost scholars of caste 1717 01:50:12,941 --> 01:50:14,610 in America once wrote, 1718 01:50:14,735 --> 01:50:16,737 "Tied to what one looked like, 1719 01:50:16,862 --> 01:50:20,199 membership in either the upper or the lowest caste 1720 01:50:20,324 --> 01:50:22,993 is immutable. 1721 01:50:23,118 --> 01:50:25,412 Fixed from birth to death. 1722 01:50:25,537 --> 01:50:26,955 Inescapable. 1723 01:50:27,081 --> 01:50:32,127 One may neither earn nor wed their way out." 1724 01:50:32,252 --> 01:50:36,131 That scholar was Dr. Allison Davis. 1725 01:50:36,256 --> 01:50:38,509 The Davis and Gardner team emerged 1726 01:50:38,634 --> 01:50:41,303 with perhaps the most comprehensive study, 1727 01:50:41,428 --> 01:50:45,182 to this day, of the American caste system. 1728 01:50:45,307 --> 01:50:47,101 Their book, Deep South, 1729 01:50:47,226 --> 01:50:50,687 is a quietly revolutionary landmark experiment 1730 01:50:50,813 --> 01:50:53,190 in interracial scholarship. 1731 01:50:53,315 --> 01:50:57,569 The Davises and the Gardners remained lifelong friends. 1732 01:51:05,160 --> 01:51:08,163 [distant banging] 1733 01:51:12,334 --> 01:51:15,629 Nazi Germany, the United States and India 1734 01:51:15,754 --> 01:51:19,675 all reduced Jews, African Americans and Dalits 1735 01:51:19,800 --> 01:51:22,761 to an undifferentiated mass of nameless, 1736 01:51:22,886 --> 01:51:24,680 faceless scapegoats. 1737 01:51:29,476 --> 01:51:32,646 Millennia ago, Dalits were called 1738 01:51:32,771 --> 01:51:35,149 the "untouchables" of India. 1739 01:51:38,110 --> 01:51:43,407 Enforced into the degrading work of manual scavenging, 1740 01:51:43,532 --> 01:51:45,659 the practice of cleaning excrement 1741 01:51:45,784 --> 01:51:48,871 from toilets and open drains by hand 1742 01:51:48,996 --> 01:51:51,915 in exchange for leftover food. 1743 01:51:57,713 --> 01:52:01,800 The only thing that they have to protect their bodies... 1744 01:52:01,925 --> 01:52:05,596 is oil, each other 1745 01:52:05,721 --> 01:52:07,806 and their prayers. 1746 01:52:11,518 --> 01:52:17,399 To refuse is to invite severe punishment or death. 1747 01:52:17,524 --> 01:52:20,319 This persists to this day. 1748 01:52:25,657 --> 01:52:27,951 The trade and sale of African people 1749 01:52:28,076 --> 01:52:32,206 demolished communities, obliterated families 1750 01:52:32,331 --> 01:52:34,875 and tore flesh from spirit. 1751 01:52:39,213 --> 01:52:41,798 Human beings were tortured to death, 1752 01:52:41,924 --> 01:52:43,967 and thrown overboard on slave ships 1753 01:52:44,092 --> 01:52:45,469 during the Middle Passage. 1754 01:52:45,594 --> 01:52:48,013 [crying] 1755 01:52:55,604 --> 01:52:58,440 Upon their arrival at the concentration camps, 1756 01:52:58,565 --> 01:53:00,651 Jews were stripped of the clothing 1757 01:53:00,776 --> 01:53:02,778 of their former lives. 1758 01:53:02,903 --> 01:53:06,365 [people speaking German] 1759 01:53:08,909 --> 01:53:11,745 Their heads were shaved. 1760 01:53:11,870 --> 01:53:13,956 Distinguishing features like sideburns 1761 01:53:14,081 --> 01:53:18,085 or red hair were deleted from them. 1762 01:53:18,210 --> 01:53:21,630 They were no longer personalities to engage with. 1763 01:53:21,755 --> 01:53:23,840 They became a single mass, 1764 01:53:23,966 --> 01:53:26,552 purposely easier for SS officers 1765 01:53:26,677 --> 01:53:28,804 to distance themselves from. 1766 01:53:41,692 --> 01:53:45,862 Indian activists explained that the manual scavenger 1767 01:53:45,988 --> 01:53:49,241 is not a form of employment, but an injustice 1768 01:53:49,366 --> 01:53:51,743 akin to slavery. 1769 01:53:51,868 --> 01:53:54,955 It is one of the most prominent forms of discrimination 1770 01:53:55,080 --> 01:53:58,000 against Dalits, and it is central to the violation 1771 01:53:58,125 --> 01:54:01,461 of their human rights, 1772 01:54:01,587 --> 01:54:03,547 to their dehumanization. 1773 01:54:09,261 --> 01:54:12,723 Through violent storms at sea, starvation, 1774 01:54:12,848 --> 01:54:14,725 mutilation and rape, 1775 01:54:14,850 --> 01:54:17,227 Black people were stacked and squeezed 1776 01:54:17,352 --> 01:54:19,771 into the hulls of ships 1777 01:54:19,896 --> 01:54:22,608 to be sold into further unfathomable terror. 1778 01:54:28,447 --> 01:54:31,575 Their bodies did not belong to them... 1779 01:54:34,036 --> 01:54:38,749 but to the dominating caste to do with however it wished. 1780 01:54:38,874 --> 01:54:41,209 [agonizing screams] 1781 01:54:41,335 --> 01:54:44,129 No longer daughter of a fisherman, 1782 01:54:44,254 --> 01:54:46,256 or a nephew of the midwife, 1783 01:54:48,800 --> 01:54:51,011 loving mothers, 1784 01:54:51,136 --> 01:54:53,430 headstrong nephews, dedicated bakers 1785 01:54:53,555 --> 01:54:55,307 and watchmakers, 1786 01:54:55,432 --> 01:54:59,936 all merged into a single mass of undifferentiated bodies. 1787 01:55:00,062 --> 01:55:04,775 No longer seen as humans deserving empathy... 1788 01:55:04,900 --> 01:55:09,780 but as objects over whom control could be exerted. 1789 01:55:09,905 --> 01:55:11,698 They were no longer people. 1790 01:55:14,660 --> 01:55:15,994 They were numbers. 1791 01:55:19,998 --> 01:55:23,251 [screaming] 1792 01:55:30,050 --> 01:55:33,470 [gunshot]s 1793 01:55:33,595 --> 01:55:37,307 Dehumanized. 1794 01:55:37,432 --> 01:55:41,061 [melancholic music] 1795 01:55:51,613 --> 01:55:55,033 Now a soulless animal. 1796 01:56:05,377 --> 01:56:08,547 Not human. 1797 01:56:08,672 --> 01:56:11,800 [chains jingling] 1798 01:56:19,975 --> 01:56:23,061 It is harder to dehumanize a single person standing 1799 01:56:23,186 --> 01:56:25,397 in front of you, 1800 01:56:25,522 --> 01:56:28,191 harder to dehumanize an individual 1801 01:56:28,316 --> 01:56:30,694 you've gotten the chance to know. 1802 01:56:36,408 --> 01:56:40,120 Which is why people and groups who seek power and division 1803 01:56:40,245 --> 01:56:43,665 don't bother with dehumanizing an individual. 1804 01:56:43,790 --> 01:56:47,419 Better to attach a stigma, a taint of pollution, 1805 01:56:47,544 --> 01:56:50,797 to an entire group. 1806 01:56:50,922 --> 01:56:54,009 [sobbing and whimpering] 1807 01:56:54,134 --> 01:56:55,719 Dehumanize the group 1808 01:56:55,844 --> 01:56:58,764 and you've successfully dehumanized 1809 01:56:58,889 --> 01:57:01,224 every individual person within it. 1810 01:57:12,986 --> 01:57:15,489 Racism is not the same as caste. 1811 01:57:15,614 --> 01:57:17,866 Because race does not matter 1812 01:57:17,991 --> 01:57:20,160 in order for the system to work. 1813 01:57:33,465 --> 01:57:35,801 [no audible dialogue] 1814 01:57:59,366 --> 01:58:03,829 "Little League team wins championship." 1815 01:58:03,954 --> 01:58:05,872 [soft music] 1816 01:58:15,715 --> 01:58:17,926 [chuckling] Mama. 1817 01:58:18,051 --> 01:58:20,554 "Little League team... splashes." 1818 01:58:20,679 --> 01:58:22,389 Oh... [both chuckling] 1819 01:58:22,514 --> 01:58:23,890 It's true. 1820 01:58:27,185 --> 01:58:28,854 [coach] Go, go, go! 1821 01:58:28,979 --> 01:58:30,313 [crowd cheering] 1822 01:58:49,624 --> 01:58:51,376 [Al's friend] It was a hot day like today. 1823 01:58:51,501 --> 01:58:52,544 [cheering in unison] 1824 01:58:52,669 --> 01:58:54,963 We were pretty excited 1825 01:58:55,088 --> 01:58:57,048 because we had just won the city championship 1826 01:58:57,173 --> 01:59:00,135 when the coach told us he was bringing us to this park. 1827 01:59:00,260 --> 01:59:03,930 And we're gonna get to eat and go swimming. 1828 01:59:04,055 --> 01:59:05,807 And we were quite excited, as you can imagine. 1829 01:59:05,932 --> 01:59:10,478 And then the park ranger came over and pointed out Al. 1830 01:59:10,604 --> 01:59:11,980 [park ranger] Hey, boy! 1831 01:59:19,237 --> 01:59:21,031 - Yes, sir? - You can't be in here right now. 1832 01:59:21,156 --> 01:59:22,824 And you know better. Who you with? 1833 01:59:22,949 --> 01:59:24,868 [coach] Everything okay here? 1834 01:59:24,993 --> 01:59:26,912 - This boy with your team? - He's one of my players. 1835 01:59:27,037 --> 01:59:28,830 You know how long it'd take for our maintenance crew 1836 01:59:28,955 --> 01:59:30,373 - to clean this up? - Disinfect it? 1837 01:59:30,498 --> 01:59:32,208 - Disinfect what? - This is a whites-only pool. 1838 01:59:32,334 --> 01:59:33,793 [Al's friend] We didn't know. Being young kids, 1839 01:59:33,919 --> 01:59:35,587 we didn't understand what was going on. 1840 01:59:35,712 --> 01:59:37,756 - Yeah. - And um... 1841 01:59:37,881 --> 01:59:39,424 yet we wanted to go in the pool 1842 01:59:39,549 --> 01:59:41,343 because it was so hot that day, too. 1843 01:59:41,468 --> 01:59:43,887 And then the park ranger, he said, 1844 01:59:44,012 --> 01:59:46,973 "If he goes in, nobody goes in." 1845 01:59:47,098 --> 01:59:50,018 [surf rock music] 1846 01:59:59,903 --> 02:00:05,200 So, they took Al outside to a blanket out there. 1847 02:00:05,325 --> 02:00:08,119 But, you know, we kept looking back at Al, 1848 02:00:08,244 --> 02:00:09,788 and see him. Why was he over there? 1849 02:00:09,913 --> 02:00:11,289 Mm-hmm. 1850 02:00:11,414 --> 02:00:15,085 So, a few of my friends and I went over to talk to him 1851 02:00:15,210 --> 02:00:17,170 and to make sure he was okay. 1852 02:00:17,295 --> 02:00:19,756 [Isabel] So it felt strange when that happened, 1853 02:00:19,881 --> 02:00:21,091 that he was over there 1854 02:00:21,216 --> 02:00:22,884 - and you guys were here. - Yeah, it felt separate. 1855 02:00:23,009 --> 02:00:24,511 - He was on our team. - Yeah. Right, right. 1856 02:00:24,636 --> 02:00:26,763 And he was a big part of our team, and then, 1857 02:00:26,888 --> 02:00:29,224 they wouldn't let him in. 1858 02:00:29,349 --> 02:00:31,518 Some of the parents brought him over some food to eat. 1859 02:00:31,643 --> 02:00:33,019 Mm-hmm. 1860 02:00:33,144 --> 02:00:37,273 - He sat there by himself? Ugh. - By himself. 1861 02:00:37,399 --> 02:00:40,443 And then, the coach talked to the park ranger again 1862 02:00:40,568 --> 02:00:42,278 and said, "Hey, you've gotta let this kid in, 1863 02:00:42,404 --> 02:00:43,571 at least for a little swim." 1864 02:00:43,697 --> 02:00:47,659 - Yes, yes. - So he talked to the coach 1865 02:00:47,784 --> 02:00:49,202 and he said, "There's only one way 1866 02:00:49,327 --> 02:00:51,705 - I'm going to let this happen." - Mm-hmm. 1867 02:00:51,830 --> 02:00:53,707 [whistle] 1868 02:00:53,832 --> 02:00:56,584 Everybody out. Come on, now. 1869 02:00:56,710 --> 02:00:57,919 Come on. 1870 02:00:58,044 --> 02:01:00,005 Come on out now. Come on. 1871 02:01:06,928 --> 02:01:09,973 [sombre music] 1872 02:01:20,859 --> 02:01:22,569 You cannot touch that water, boy. 1873 02:01:22,694 --> 02:01:23,903 You hear me? 1874 02:01:27,449 --> 02:01:28,783 Keep your balance. 1875 02:01:32,829 --> 02:01:34,706 Do not touch that water. 1876 02:01:40,420 --> 02:01:41,838 Real still. 1877 02:02:18,917 --> 02:02:20,418 Real still. 1878 02:02:36,434 --> 02:02:37,852 Don't touch that water. 1879 02:02:59,582 --> 02:03:03,878 It really affected us and we didn't know what to do. 1880 02:03:04,003 --> 02:03:05,880 Right. 1881 02:03:06,005 --> 02:03:10,385 And it still bothers me today. 1882 02:03:10,510 --> 02:03:15,765 As a kid, we just want to play baseball and swim. 1883 02:03:15,890 --> 02:03:17,809 We didn't know what to do. 1884 02:03:17,934 --> 02:03:22,272 And I wish I could do it over again. 1885 02:03:22,397 --> 02:03:24,107 'Cause I don't think I did enough. 1886 02:03:27,318 --> 02:03:29,279 How old were you? 1887 02:03:29,404 --> 02:03:31,656 I was nine. 1888 02:03:31,781 --> 02:03:34,117 Nine years old. 1889 02:03:34,242 --> 02:03:37,162 [soft orchestral music] 1890 02:03:45,503 --> 02:03:47,714 [Isabel] Al Bright went on to become 1891 02:03:47,839 --> 02:03:51,050 an artist and educator. 1892 02:03:51,176 --> 02:03:54,179 He was the first full-time Black faculty member 1893 02:03:54,304 --> 02:03:59,017 at his alma mater, Youngstown State University. 1894 02:03:59,142 --> 02:04:01,436 I missed talking to him for the book 1895 02:04:01,561 --> 02:04:04,147 by a matter of months. 1896 02:04:04,272 --> 02:04:07,734 He passed away at age 82. 1897 02:04:07,859 --> 02:04:11,487 But a part of him died that afternoon in 1951. 1898 02:04:18,453 --> 02:04:20,371 You're going to be fine. 1899 02:04:26,085 --> 02:04:28,880 You're going to be just fine. 1900 02:04:40,934 --> 02:04:43,561 [emotional music] 1901 02:05:28,898 --> 02:05:31,901 [soft piano music] 1902 02:05:39,575 --> 02:05:44,122 The tragedy of caste 1903 02:05:44,247 --> 02:05:47,083 is that we are judged on the very things 1904 02:05:47,208 --> 02:05:48,960 that we cannot change. 1905 02:05:49,085 --> 02:05:53,715 Signposts on our bodies of gender and ancestry, 1906 02:05:53,840 --> 02:05:57,885 superficial differences that have nothing to do 1907 02:05:58,011 --> 02:06:00,221 with who we are on the inside. 1908 02:06:02,932 --> 02:06:07,353 The goal of this work has not been to resolve issues 1909 02:06:07,478 --> 02:06:10,898 of a millennia-old phenomenon, 1910 02:06:11,024 --> 02:06:14,027 {\an8}but to bear witness to its presence 1911 02:06:14,152 --> 02:06:16,279 {\an8}in our everyday lives, 1912 02:06:16,404 --> 02:06:20,241 {\an8}to shine a light on its history despite those 1913 02:06:20,366 --> 02:06:22,577 {\an8}who would deny it, despite those 1914 02:06:22,702 --> 02:06:26,664 {\an8}who would withhold it from us even, 1915 02:06:26,789 --> 02:06:31,210 {\an8}who try to convince us that we don't need to know. 1916 02:06:35,256 --> 02:06:37,884 We need to know. 1917 02:06:40,261 --> 02:06:46,851 You don't escape trauma by ignoring it. 1918 02:06:50,480 --> 02:06:54,484 You escape trauma by confronting it. 1919 02:07:01,574 --> 02:07:04,786 When you live in an old house, 1920 02:07:04,911 --> 02:07:07,830 you may not want to go in the basement after a storm 1921 02:07:07,955 --> 02:07:09,749 to see what the rains have brought. 1922 02:07:09,874 --> 02:07:13,878 But choose not to look at your own peril. 1923 02:07:20,676 --> 02:07:23,638 We're all like homeowners who've inherited a house 1924 02:07:23,763 --> 02:07:25,932 on a piece of land that's beautiful 1925 02:07:26,057 --> 02:07:27,850 on the outside. 1926 02:07:27,975 --> 02:07:29,977 But the soil is unstable. 1927 02:07:38,361 --> 02:07:43,449 People say I had nothing to do with how this all started. 1928 02:07:43,574 --> 02:07:44,992 I never owned slaves. 1929 02:07:45,118 --> 02:07:46,911 I didn't mistreat untouchables. 1930 02:07:47,036 --> 02:07:49,288 I didn't gas Jews. 1931 02:07:49,414 --> 02:07:53,084 And, yes, not one of us was around 1932 02:07:53,209 --> 02:07:55,044 when this house was built. 1933 02:08:00,800 --> 02:08:03,136 But here we are. 1934 02:08:03,261 --> 02:08:05,555 The current occupants of a property 1935 02:08:05,680 --> 02:08:08,850 with stress cracks built into the foundation, 1936 02:08:08,975 --> 02:08:11,769 and a roof that must be replaced. 1937 02:08:22,113 --> 02:08:25,908 We are the heirs to whatever is right or wrong with it. 1938 02:08:26,033 --> 02:08:28,453 We didn't erect the uneven pillars, 1939 02:08:28,578 --> 02:08:30,997 but they are ours to deal with now. 1940 02:08:39,755 --> 02:08:42,467 The cracks won't fix themselves. 1941 02:08:49,557 --> 02:08:52,685 Any more deterioration is on our watch. 1942 02:09:00,568 --> 02:09:03,571 Caste is not simply hatred. 1943 02:09:11,078 --> 02:09:15,833 It is the worn grooves of routine and expectation. 1944 02:09:15,958 --> 02:09:17,668 Patterns of a social order 1945 02:09:17,793 --> 02:09:21,422 that have been in place so long, it looks natural... 1946 02:09:21,547 --> 02:09:23,090 when it isn't. 1947 02:09:27,887 --> 02:09:31,641 Caste is everywhere, yet invisible. 1948 02:09:35,436 --> 02:09:38,314 No one avoids exposure to its message, 1949 02:09:38,439 --> 02:09:40,107 and the message is simple. 1950 02:09:42,860 --> 02:09:46,113 One kind of person is more deserving of freedom 1951 02:09:46,239 --> 02:09:48,407 than another kind. 1952 02:09:50,952 --> 02:09:53,829 Freedom to love whoever you want to love. 1953 02:10:02,964 --> 02:10:05,967 Freedom to go wherever you want to go. 1954 02:10:11,138 --> 02:10:14,100 Freedom to express yourself however you want 1955 02:10:14,225 --> 02:10:15,851 to express yourself. 1956 02:10:20,022 --> 02:10:25,611 Freedom to resist and fight for your human right to do so. 1957 02:11:27,798 --> 02:11:30,885 [♪ I Am ♪ by Stan Walker] 1958 02:11:42,021 --> 02:11:45,733 ♪ We are the colour ♪ 1959 02:11:45,858 --> 02:11:49,612 ♪ Found in spring ♪ 1960 02:11:49,737 --> 02:11:53,574 ♪ You are the wind ♪ 1961 02:11:53,699 --> 02:11:57,119 {\an8}♪ Breathe into me ♪ 1962 02:11:57,244 --> 02:12:01,082 {\an8}♪ You inherit me ♪ 1963 02:12:01,207 --> 02:12:04,460 ♪ I inherit you ♪ 1964 02:12:04,585 --> 02:12:08,339 {\an8}♪ I am the language ♪ 1965 02:12:08,464 --> 02:12:13,969 {\an8}♪ You speak to me ♪ 1966 02:12:14,095 --> 02:12:16,847 {\an8}♪ As far as the eye can see ♪ 1967 02:12:16,972 --> 02:12:21,060 {\an8}♪ Everything has changed ♪ 1968 02:12:21,185 --> 02:12:26,273 ♪ Tell me how can we stand by ♪ 1969 02:12:26,399 --> 02:12:28,734 ♪ I don't wanna be the same ♪ 1970 02:12:28,859 --> 02:12:32,905 {\an8}♪ He toiora ahau nu ♪ 1971 02:12:33,030 --> 02:12:37,159 {\an8}♪ Te toi n Kurawaka ♪ 1972 02:12:37,284 --> 02:12:43,958 {\an8}♪ Taku rongomaiwhiti e ♪ 1973 02:12:44,083 --> 02:12:48,921 {\an8}♪ Tkiri ko te haeata ♪ 1974 02:12:49,046 --> 02:12:52,174 {\an8}♪ Anga atu ki te r ♪ 1975 02:12:52,299 --> 02:12:59,640 ♪ Whiti, whiti ki te ora e ♪ 1976 02:12:59,765 --> 02:13:03,185 ♪ We are the waters ♪ 1977 02:13:03,310 --> 02:13:06,731 ♪ The rivers and streams ♪ 1978 02:13:06,856 --> 02:13:10,317 ♪ Flow through the armour ♪ 1979 02:13:10,443 --> 02:13:14,947 ♪ Of a dying breed ♪ 1980 02:13:15,072 --> 02:13:18,409 ♪ I am with you ♪ 1981 02:13:18,534 --> 02:13:22,163 ♪ And you are with me ♪ 1982 02:13:22,288 --> 02:13:26,250 {\an8}♪ Baptised in fire ♪ 1983 02:13:26,375 --> 02:13:31,088 {\an8}♪ We're lions in the ring ♪ 1984 02:13:31,213 --> 02:13:34,508 {\an8}♪ As far as the eye can see ♪ 1985 02:13:34,633 --> 02:13:38,262 {\an8}♪ Everything has changed ♪ 1986 02:13:38,387 --> 02:13:43,684 {\an8}♪ Tell me how can we stand by ♪ 1987 02:13:43,809 --> 02:13:46,103 {\an8}♪ I don't wanna be the same ♪ 1988 02:13:46,228 --> 02:13:50,858 {\an8}♪ He toiora ahau nu ♪ 1989 02:13:50,983 --> 02:13:54,570 {\an8}♪ Te toi n Kurawaka ♪ 1990 02:13:54,695 --> 02:14:01,452 {\an8}♪ Taku rongomaiwhiti e ♪ 1991 02:14:01,577 --> 02:14:06,332 {\an8}♪ Tkiri ko te haeata ♪ 1992 02:14:06,457 --> 02:14:10,294 {\an8}♪ Anga atu ki te r ♪ 1993 02:14:10,419 --> 02:14:16,717 {\an8}♪ Whiti, whiti ki te ora e... ♪