1 00:00:12,645 --> 00:00:18,884 >>> PREVIOUSLY ON "LINCOLN: DIVIDED WE STAND" -- 2 00:00:18,886 --> 00:00:20,519 DIVIDED WE STAND" -- >> THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT 3 00:00:20,521 --> 00:00:21,387 >> THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT REPEALED THE VERY COMPROMISE 4 00:00:21,389 --> 00:00:23,455 REPEALED THE VERY COMPROMISE WHICH SAID THERE CAN BE NO 5 00:00:23,457 --> 00:00:27,259 WHICH SAID THERE CAN BE NO SLAVERY NORTH OF THE 36-30 LINE. 6 00:00:27,261 --> 00:00:29,328 SLAVERY NORTH OF THE 36-30 LINE. IT'S TREMENDOUSLY CONTROVERSIAL. 7 00:00:29,330 --> 00:00:31,997 IT'S TREMENDOUSLY CONTROVERSIAL. >> THE ACT PROPELS LINCOLN BACK 8 00:00:31,999 --> 00:00:32,664 >> THE ACT PROPELS LINCOLN BACK INTO POLITICS. 9 00:00:32,666 --> 00:00:34,299 INTO POLITICS. >> HE THINKS IT'S AN ORANGE. 10 00:00:34,301 --> 00:00:36,668 >> HE THINKS IT'S AN ORANGE. HE DOES NOT WANT TO SEE SLAVERY 11 00:00:36,670 --> 00:00:37,002 HE DOES NOT WANT TO SEE SLAVERY EXPAND. 12 00:00:37,004 --> 00:00:38,370 EXPAND. >> SO HE BEGINS TO SPEAK OUT 13 00:00:38,372 --> 00:00:40,372 >> SO HE BEGINS TO SPEAK OUT AGAINST THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT. 14 00:00:40,374 --> 00:00:44,543 AGAINST THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT. >> HE IS AN ABSOLUTE SENSATION. 15 00:00:44,545 --> 00:00:46,111 >> HE IS AN ABSOLUTE SENSATION. REPUBLICAN PAPERS PRAISE HIM. 16 00:00:46,113 --> 00:00:47,413 REPUBLICAN PAPERS PRAISE HIM. DEMOCRATIC PAPERS ARE FEARFUL OF 17 00:00:47,415 --> 00:00:48,547 DEMOCRATIC PAPERS ARE FEARFUL OF THIS RISING MAN. 18 00:00:48,549 --> 00:00:49,281 THIS RISING MAN. >> LINCOLN IS GOING TO WIN THE 19 00:00:49,283 --> 00:00:56,055 >> LINCOLN IS GOING TO WIN THE 1860 ELECTION. 20 00:00:56,057 --> 00:00:57,623 1860 ELECTION. >> FROM THE MOMENT ABRAHAM 21 00:00:57,625 --> 00:01:00,125 >> FROM THE MOMENT ABRAHAM LINCOLN IS ELECTED, LINCOLN IS 22 00:01:00,127 --> 00:01:02,594 LINCOLN IS ELECTED, LINCOLN IS CONFRONTED WITH CRISIS. 23 00:01:02,596 --> 00:01:05,164 CONFRONTED WITH CRISIS. >> TO WHITE SOUTHERNER, 24 00:01:05,166 --> 00:01:06,265 >> TO WHITE SOUTHERNER, LINCOLN'S ELECTION MEANS THE 25 00:01:06,267 --> 00:01:08,500 LINCOLN'S ELECTION MEANS THE GREATEST OF THEIR FEARS BEING 26 00:01:08,502 --> 00:01:08,867 GREATEST OF THEIR FEARS BEING REALIZED. 27 00:01:08,869 --> 00:01:11,303 REALIZED. THEY ARE CONVINCED, DESPITE ALL 28 00:01:11,305 --> 00:01:13,072 THEY ARE CONVINCED, DESPITE ALL THE THINGS LINCOLN SAYS, HE 29 00:01:13,074 --> 00:01:17,109 THE THINGS LINCOLN SAYS, HE WANTS TO CREATE RACIAL EQUALITY. 30 00:01:17,111 --> 00:01:19,511 WANTS TO CREATE RACIAL EQUALITY. >> LINCOLN AND HIS FAMILY WERE 31 00:01:19,513 --> 00:01:21,580 >> LINCOLN AND HIS FAMILY WERE SUBJECTED TO UNNERVING THREATS 32 00:01:21,582 --> 00:01:22,281 SUBJECTED TO UNNERVING THREATS THAT NO OTHER PRESIDENT-ELECT 33 00:01:22,283 --> 00:01:28,787 THAT NO OTHER PRESIDENT-ELECT HAS EVER FACED. 34 00:01:28,789 --> 00:01:29,655 HAS EVER FACED. ABRAHAM LINCOLN WAS SENT A 35 00:01:29,657 --> 00:01:32,191 ABRAHAM LINCOLN WAS SENT A LETTER SAYING I'M GOING TO PUT A 36 00:01:32,193 --> 00:01:36,829 LETTER SAYING I'M GOING TO PUT A SPIDER IN YOUR DUMPLING, YOU 37 00:01:36,831 --> 00:01:39,765 SPIDER IN YOUR DUMPLING, YOU GODDAMN SON OF A BITCH, AND 38 00:01:39,767 --> 00:01:40,933 GODDAMN SON OF A BITCH, AND OTHER EXPRESSIONS THAT I DIDN'T 39 00:01:40,935 --> 00:01:42,968 OTHER EXPRESSIONS THAT I DIDN'T KNOW EXISTED IN THE 19th 40 00:01:42,970 --> 00:01:43,302 KNOW EXISTED IN THE 19th CENTURY. 41 00:01:43,304 --> 00:01:44,236 CENTURY. >> PEOPLE HAD SENT NOOSES. 42 00:01:44,238 --> 00:01:45,804 >> PEOPLE HAD SENT NOOSES. >> ROBERT LINCOLN, THE TEENAGER, 43 00:01:45,806 --> 00:01:49,441 >> ROBERT LINCOLN, THE TEENAGER, OPENED THIS THREATENING ENVELOPE 44 00:01:49,443 --> 00:01:52,177 OPENED THIS THREATENING ENVELOPE AND WAS UNNERVED BY IT. 45 00:01:52,179 --> 00:01:52,845 AND WAS UNNERVED BY IT. THE SITUATION REQUIRED HIS 46 00:01:52,847 --> 00:01:54,046 THE SITUATION REQUIRED HIS FATHER TO CALM HIM DOWN. 47 00:01:54,048 --> 00:01:55,914 FATHER TO CALM HIM DOWN. FOLKS IN THE SOUTH USING THE 48 00:01:55,916 --> 00:01:58,283 FOLKS IN THE SOUTH USING THE DYNAMICS OF POLARIZATION AND 49 00:01:58,285 --> 00:02:01,954 DYNAMICS OF POLARIZATION AND VIOLENCE TO MOVE PEOPLE INTO 50 00:02:01,956 --> 00:02:02,521 VIOLENCE TO MOVE PEOPLE INTO SUPPORTING SUCCESSION. 51 00:02:02,523 --> 00:02:04,423 SUPPORTING SUCCESSION. VIOLENCE CREATES THAT SENSE OF 52 00:02:04,425 --> 00:02:05,257 VIOLENCE CREATES THAT SENSE OF TRIBALISM THAT IS WHAT THE 53 00:02:05,259 --> 00:02:06,391 TRIBALISM THAT IS WHAT THE ENTIRE FIGHT IS ABOUT. 54 00:02:06,393 --> 00:02:07,126 ENTIRE FIGHT IS ABOUT. >> AND IT'S CLEAR THAT IT COULD 55 00:02:07,128 --> 00:02:21,507 >> AND IT'S CLEAR THAT IT COULD DESCEND INTO WAR 56 00:02:27,814 --> 00:02:29,948 . >> WHEN ABRAHAM LINCOLN IS 57 00:02:29,950 --> 00:02:35,287 >> WHEN ABRAHAM LINCOLN IS ELECTED IN 1860, THERE ARE 58 00:02:35,289 --> 00:02:35,988 ELECTED IN 1860, THERE ARE NEARLY FOUR MILLION ENSLAVED 59 00:02:35,990 --> 00:02:41,026 NEARLY FOUR MILLION ENSLAVED PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES. 60 00:02:41,028 --> 00:02:42,494 PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES. IN SOME COUNTIES IN THE SOUTH, 61 00:02:42,496 --> 00:02:43,195 IN SOME COUNTIES IN THE SOUTH, OVER 70% OF THE POPULATION IS 62 00:02:43,197 --> 00:02:47,032 OVER 70% OF THE POPULATION IS ENSLAVED. 63 00:02:47,034 --> 00:02:48,033 ENSLAVED. THE BOOMING SOUTHERN ECONOMY 64 00:02:48,035 --> 00:02:51,937 THE BOOMING SOUTHERN ECONOMY RELIES ON THEIR FORCED LABOR. 65 00:02:51,939 --> 00:02:53,972 RELIES ON THEIR FORCED LABOR. >> ENSLAVED PEOPLE ARE ENGAGED 66 00:02:53,974 --> 00:02:56,074 >> ENSLAVED PEOPLE ARE ENGAGED PRIMARILY IN COTTON PRODUCTION, 67 00:02:56,076 --> 00:02:58,944 PRIMARILY IN COTTON PRODUCTION, TOBACCO PRODUCTION, MIXED 68 00:02:58,946 --> 00:02:59,645 TOBACCO PRODUCTION, MIXED FARMING. 69 00:02:59,647 --> 00:03:00,212 FARMING. YOU'RE UP BEFORE DAWN. 70 00:03:00,214 --> 00:03:02,014 YOU'RE UP BEFORE DAWN. YOU GO OUT INTO THE FIELDS. 71 00:03:02,016 --> 00:03:02,814 YOU GO OUT INTO THE FIELDS. YOU CAN EXPECT TO WORK UNTIL 72 00:03:02,816 --> 00:03:06,084 YOU CAN EXPECT TO WORK UNTIL DARK. 73 00:03:06,086 --> 00:03:08,887 DARK. AND IF IT'S HARVEST TIME, YOU'RE 74 00:03:08,889 --> 00:03:14,092 AND IF IT'S HARVEST TIME, YOU'RE GOING TO WORK 20 HOURS A DAY. 75 00:03:14,094 --> 00:03:17,429 GOING TO WORK 20 HOURS A DAY. BUT THE ISSUE IS NOT THE DAY TO 76 00:03:17,431 --> 00:03:21,833 BUT THE ISSUE IS NOT THE DAY TO DAY LABOR OF ENSLAVED PEOPLE. 77 00:03:21,835 --> 00:03:24,436 DAY LABOR OF ENSLAVED PEOPLE. IT'S THE LACK OF ABILITY TO 78 00:03:24,438 --> 00:03:26,305 IT'S THE LACK OF ABILITY TO CONTROL YOUR LIFE THE WAY YOU 79 00:03:26,307 --> 00:03:27,039 CONTROL YOUR LIFE THE WAY YOU WOULD EXPECT A HUMAN BEING TO BE 80 00:03:27,041 --> 00:03:32,778 WOULD EXPECT A HUMAN BEING TO BE ABLE TO CONTROL IT. 81 00:03:32,780 --> 00:03:34,580 ABLE TO CONTROL IT. THERE WAS A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF 82 00:03:34,582 --> 00:03:38,116 THERE WAS A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF VIOLENCE, RAPES, MURDERS, 83 00:03:38,118 --> 00:03:39,718 VIOLENCE, RAPES, MURDERS, BEATINGS, BUT NONE OF THAT 84 00:03:39,720 --> 00:03:42,221 BEATINGS, BUT NONE OF THAT COMPARES TO WHAT THE REAL EVIL 85 00:03:42,223 --> 00:03:42,955 COMPARES TO WHAT THE REAL EVIL OF SLAVERY WAS, AND THAT WAS 86 00:03:42,957 --> 00:03:47,059 OF SLAVERY WAS, AND THAT WAS SEPARATION. 87 00:03:47,061 --> 00:03:50,495 SEPARATION. REMOVING CHILDREN FROM THEIR 88 00:03:50,497 --> 00:03:51,230 REMOVING CHILDREN FROM THEIR PARENTS, REMOVING HUSBANDS FROM 89 00:03:51,232 --> 00:03:53,198 PARENTS, REMOVING HUSBANDS FROM WIVES. 90 00:03:53,200 --> 00:03:56,702 WIVES. MOST OF THOSE PEOPLE NEVER SAW 91 00:03:56,704 --> 00:03:57,536 MOST OF THOSE PEOPLE NEVER SAW THOSE FOLK AGAIN. 92 00:03:57,538 --> 00:03:58,437 THOSE FOLK AGAIN. THAT'S ABOUT AS DEHUMANIZING AS 93 00:03:58,439 --> 00:04:03,575 THAT'S ABOUT AS DEHUMANIZING AS YOU CAN GET. 94 00:04:03,577 --> 00:04:05,944 YOU CAN GET. >> THE CORE OF THE AMERICAN 95 00:04:05,946 --> 00:04:06,645 >> THE CORE OF THE AMERICAN ECONOMY WAS RURAL. 96 00:04:06,647 --> 00:04:08,180 ECONOMY WAS RURAL. IT WAS AGRARIAN. 97 00:04:08,182 --> 00:04:09,715 IT WAS AGRARIAN. IT WAS IN THE SOUTH, AND THE 98 00:04:09,717 --> 00:04:12,384 IT WAS IN THE SOUTH, AND THE CORE OF THAT ECONOMY ENSLAVED 99 00:04:12,386 --> 00:04:12,951 CORE OF THAT ECONOMY ENSLAVED AFRICANS. 100 00:04:12,953 --> 00:04:17,456 AFRICANS. >> IN THE 1860 CENSUS, SLAVES AS 101 00:04:17,458 --> 00:04:20,525 >> IN THE 1860 CENSUS, SLAVES AS PROPERTY WERE WORTH $3.8 102 00:04:20,527 --> 00:04:21,026 PROPERTY WERE WORTH $3.8 BILLION. 103 00:04:21,028 --> 00:04:23,528 BILLION. THAT'S MORE THAN $100 BILLION 104 00:04:23,530 --> 00:04:23,895 THAT'S MORE THAN $100 BILLION TODAY. 105 00:04:23,897 --> 00:04:26,231 TODAY. MORE THAN ALL THE BANKS, 106 00:04:26,233 --> 00:04:26,932 MORE THAN ALL THE BANKS, RAILROADS, AND FACTORIES PUT 107 00:04:26,934 --> 00:04:30,636 RAILROADS, AND FACTORIES PUT TOGETHER. 108 00:04:30,638 --> 00:04:31,937 TOGETHER. >> AND LET'S REMEMBER, PEOPLE IN 109 00:04:31,939 --> 00:04:33,105 >> AND LET'S REMEMBER, PEOPLE IN THE NORTH BENEFIT FROM THE 110 00:04:33,107 --> 00:04:34,373 THE NORTH BENEFIT FROM THE COTTON THAT IS GROWING IN THE 111 00:04:34,375 --> 00:04:34,673 COTTON THAT IS GROWING IN THE SOUTH. 112 00:04:34,675 --> 00:04:36,308 SOUTH. NEW YORK CITY WAS THE BANKING 113 00:04:36,310 --> 00:04:36,642 NEW YORK CITY WAS THE BANKING CENTER. 114 00:04:36,644 --> 00:04:38,110 CENTER. AN AWFUL LOT OF BANKS LENT MONEY 115 00:04:38,112 --> 00:04:40,445 AN AWFUL LOT OF BANKS LENT MONEY TO SOUTHERN PLANTATION OWNERS. 116 00:04:40,447 --> 00:04:41,647 TO SOUTHERN PLANTATION OWNERS. SHIPPERS BASED IN NEW YORK AND 117 00:04:41,649 --> 00:04:42,781 SHIPPERS BASED IN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND SHIPPED GOODS TO THE 118 00:04:42,783 --> 00:04:45,484 NEW ENGLAND SHIPPED GOODS TO THE SOUTH AND COTTON THE REST OF THE 119 00:04:45,486 --> 00:04:45,784 SOUTH AND COTTON THE REST OF THE WORLD. 120 00:04:45,786 --> 00:04:47,653 WORLD. >> BUT EVEN THOUGH THE NORTH 121 00:04:47,655 --> 00:04:48,987 >> BUT EVEN THOUGH THE NORTH BENEFITTED FROM SLAVERY, IT WAS 122 00:04:48,989 --> 00:04:50,389 BENEFITTED FROM SLAVERY, IT WAS NEVER THE CORNERSTONE OF THEIR 123 00:04:50,391 --> 00:04:50,722 NEVER THE CORNERSTONE OF THEIR ECONOMY. 124 00:04:50,724 --> 00:04:54,092 ECONOMY. IT WAS ALWAYS THE CORNERSTONE OF 125 00:04:54,094 --> 00:04:55,294 IT WAS ALWAYS THE CORNERSTONE OF THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY. 126 00:04:55,296 --> 00:04:57,396 THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY. >> AMONGST WHITE SOUTHERNER, 127 00:04:57,398 --> 00:04:59,164 >> AMONGST WHITE SOUTHERNER, TALK OF SOUTHERN SEPARATISM HAD 128 00:04:59,166 --> 00:05:01,133 TALK OF SOUTHERN SEPARATISM HAD BEEN GOING ON FOR QUITE A LONG 129 00:05:01,135 --> 00:05:01,833 BEEN GOING ON FOR QUITE A LONG TIME, AND PARTICULARLY OUT OF 130 00:05:01,835 --> 00:05:02,301 TIME, AND PARTICULARLY OUT OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 131 00:05:02,303 --> 00:05:05,237 SOUTH CAROLINA. THEY WERE THE HOTBED OF TALKING 132 00:05:05,239 --> 00:05:06,972 THEY WERE THE HOTBED OF TALKING ABOUT HOW SLAVE HOLDERS HAVE 133 00:05:06,974 --> 00:05:08,106 ABOUT HOW SLAVE HOLDERS HAVE DIFFERENT INTERESTS FROM THE 134 00:05:08,108 --> 00:05:08,940 DIFFERENT INTERESTS FROM THE REST OF THE NATION. 135 00:05:08,942 --> 00:05:10,842 REST OF THE NATION. MAYBE WE WOULD BE BETTER OFF 136 00:05:10,844 --> 00:05:11,843 MAYBE WE WOULD BE BETTER OFF MAKING OUR OWN NATION. 137 00:05:11,845 --> 00:05:13,612 MAKING OUR OWN NATION. BUT FOR A VERY LONG TIME, THAT 138 00:05:13,614 --> 00:05:14,313 BUT FOR A VERY LONG TIME, THAT WAS A REALLY FRINGE MARGINAL 139 00:05:14,315 --> 00:05:18,350 WAS A REALLY FRINGE MARGINAL POSITION. 140 00:05:18,352 --> 00:05:20,052 POSITION. >> UNTIL LINCOLN'S ELECTION ON 141 00:05:20,054 --> 00:05:24,323 >> UNTIL LINCOLN'S ELECTION ON NOVEMBER 6th, 1860. 142 00:05:24,325 --> 00:05:28,093 NOVEMBER 6th, 1860. >> HIS ELECTION IS AN 143 00:05:28,095 --> 00:05:28,527 >> HIS ELECTION IS AN EARTHQUAKE. 144 00:05:28,529 --> 00:05:30,162 EARTHQUAKE. EVEN THOUGH THERE WERE STRONG 145 00:05:30,164 --> 00:05:31,563 EVEN THOUGH THERE WERE STRONG SIGNS THAT LINCOLN WAS GOING 146 00:05:31,565 --> 00:05:33,665 SIGNS THAT LINCOLN WAS GOING WIN, IT WAS STILL SHOCKING WHEN 147 00:05:33,667 --> 00:05:34,199 WIN, IT WAS STILL SHOCKING WHEN HE DID WIN. 148 00:05:34,201 --> 00:05:37,102 HE DID WIN. IN THE SOUTH, IT'S A 149 00:05:37,104 --> 00:05:37,636 IN THE SOUTH, IT'S A CATASTROPHE. 150 00:05:37,638 --> 00:05:41,573 CATASTROPHE. >> EVEN THOUGH HE IS NOT A 151 00:05:41,575 --> 00:05:42,407 >> EVEN THOUGH HE IS NOT A HARD-CORE ABOLITIONIST, THE NEAR 152 00:05:42,409 --> 00:05:43,875 HARD-CORE ABOLITIONIST, THE NEAR MACK OF LINCOLN'S ELECTION THE 153 00:05:43,877 --> 00:05:45,444 MACK OF LINCOLN'S ELECTION THE THREAT OF THIS NEW PARTY UNITED 154 00:05:45,446 --> 00:05:47,245 THREAT OF THIS NEW PARTY UNITED IN OPPOSITION TO THE EXPANSION 155 00:05:47,247 --> 00:05:48,380 IN OPPOSITION TO THE EXPANSION OF SLAVERY IS THREATENING ENOUGH 156 00:05:48,382 --> 00:05:53,385 OF SLAVERY IS THREATENING ENOUGH THAT IT SPURRED SUCCESSION. 157 00:05:53,387 --> 00:05:56,688 THAT IT SPURRED SUCCESSION. >> SEVEN SOUTHERN STATES SECEDE 158 00:05:56,690 --> 00:05:59,124 >> SEVEN SOUTHERN STATES SECEDE FROM THE UNION BEFORE LINCOLN IS 159 00:05:59,126 --> 00:05:59,524 FROM THE UNION BEFORE LINCOLN IS INAUGURATED. 160 00:05:59,526 --> 00:05:59,991 INAUGURATED. SOUTH CAROLINA. 161 00:05:59,993 --> 00:06:00,959 SOUTH CAROLINA. >> MISSISSIPPI, FLORIDA. 162 00:06:00,961 --> 00:06:01,960 >> MISSISSIPPI, FLORIDA. >> ALABAMA. 163 00:06:01,962 --> 00:06:02,961 >> ALABAMA. >> GEORGIA. 164 00:06:02,963 --> 00:06:03,762 >> GEORGIA. >> LOUISIANA. 165 00:06:03,764 --> 00:06:04,529 >> LOUISIANA. >> TEXAS. 166 00:06:04,531 --> 00:06:06,765 >> TEXAS. THEY ALL SECEDE FROM THE UNION 167 00:06:06,767 --> 00:06:08,433 THEY ALL SECEDE FROM THE UNION AND A PARALLEL GOVERNMENT IS 168 00:06:08,435 --> 00:06:10,202 AND A PARALLEL GOVERNMENT IS FORMING IN WHAT IS NOW CALLED 169 00:06:10,204 --> 00:06:10,836 FORMING IN WHAT IS NOW CALLED THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF 170 00:06:10,838 --> 00:06:13,805 THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA. 171 00:06:13,807 --> 00:06:15,240 AMERICA. >> AND THE REAL QUESTION IS 172 00:06:15,242 --> 00:06:17,943 >> AND THE REAL QUESTION IS GOING TO BE ARE HIS WORDS AND 173 00:06:17,945 --> 00:06:19,311 GOING TO BE ARE HIS WORDS AND HIS POLICIES GOING TO DRIVE 174 00:06:19,313 --> 00:06:20,579 HIS POLICIES GOING TO DRIVE OTHER STATES INTO THE BREAKAWAY 175 00:06:20,581 --> 00:06:28,053 OTHER STATES INTO THE BREAKAWAY CONFEDERACY? 176 00:06:28,055 --> 00:06:30,655 CONFEDERACY? WHICH THE NATION IN CRISIS, 177 00:06:30,657 --> 00:06:32,758 WHICH THE NATION IN CRISIS, LINCOLN IS IN AN IMPOSSIBLE 178 00:06:32,760 --> 00:06:33,125 LINCOLN IS IN AN IMPOSSIBLE POSITION. 179 00:06:33,127 --> 00:06:34,726 POSITION. THE FATE OF THE UNION WILL 180 00:06:34,728 --> 00:06:36,061 THE FATE OF THE UNION WILL EVENTUALLY BE HIS 181 00:06:36,063 --> 00:06:37,396 EVENTUALLY BE HIS RESPONSIBILITY, BUT UNTIL HIS 182 00:06:37,398 --> 00:06:38,897 RESPONSIBILITY, BUT UNTIL HIS INAUGURATION IN MARCH, THE 183 00:06:38,899 --> 00:06:44,035 INAUGURATION IN MARCH, THE PRESIDENT-ELECT IS POWERLESS. 184 00:06:44,037 --> 00:06:44,669 PRESIDENT-ELECT IS POWERLESS. >> DURING THE FOUR MONTHS 185 00:06:44,671 --> 00:06:45,537 >> DURING THE FOUR MONTHS BETWEEN LINCOLN'S ELECTION AND 186 00:06:45,539 --> 00:06:48,273 BETWEEN LINCOLN'S ELECTION AND HIS INAUGURATION, LINCOLN IS 187 00:06:48,275 --> 00:06:49,441 HIS INAUGURATION, LINCOLN IS TERRIBLY FRUSTRATED BECAUSE HE 188 00:06:49,443 --> 00:06:50,776 TERRIBLY FRUSTRATED BECAUSE HE SEES THAT THESE STATES ARE 189 00:06:50,778 --> 00:06:51,510 SEES THAT THESE STATES ARE PULLING OUT OF THE UNION AND THE 190 00:06:51,512 --> 00:06:52,244 PULLING OUT OF THE UNION AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IS NOT DOING 191 00:06:52,246 --> 00:06:54,746 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IS NOT DOING ANYTHING ABOUT IT. 192 00:06:54,748 --> 00:06:56,348 ANYTHING ABOUT IT. PRESIDENT BUCHANAN IN HIS ANNUAL 193 00:06:56,350 --> 00:06:57,516 PRESIDENT BUCHANAN IN HIS ANNUAL MESSAGE TO CONGRESS SAYS THE 194 00:06:57,518 --> 00:07:01,319 MESSAGE TO CONGRESS SAYS THE SOUTH HAS NO RIGHT TO SECEDE. 195 00:07:01,321 --> 00:07:02,654 SOUTH HAS NO RIGHT TO SECEDE. IT'S UNCONSTITUTIONAL, BUT WE 196 00:07:02,656 --> 00:07:03,955 IT'S UNCONSTITUTIONAL, BUT WE HAVE NO POWER TO DO ANYTHING 197 00:07:03,957 --> 00:07:04,790 HAVE NO POWER TO DO ANYTHING ABOUT IT. 198 00:07:04,792 --> 00:07:06,925 ABOUT IT. BUCHANAN'S BASIC STANCE SEEMS TO 199 00:07:06,927 --> 00:07:08,326 BUCHANAN'S BASIC STANCE SEEMS TO BE DEAR GOD, DON'T LET IT HAPPEN 200 00:07:08,328 --> 00:07:10,128 BE DEAR GOD, DON'T LET IT HAPPEN ON MY WATCH. 201 00:07:10,130 --> 00:07:11,296 ON MY WATCH. LET HIM DEAL WITH IT. 202 00:07:11,298 --> 00:07:13,899 LET HIM DEAL WITH IT. >> ALTHOUGH HE IS FRUSTRATED, AT 203 00:07:13,901 --> 00:07:16,001 >> ALTHOUGH HE IS FRUSTRATED, AT THE SAME TIME HE DOES NOT WANT 204 00:07:16,003 --> 00:07:18,136 THE SAME TIME HE DOES NOT WANT TO BE BOUND BY ANYBODY ELSE'S 205 00:07:18,138 --> 00:07:18,537 TO BE BOUND BY ANYBODY ELSE'S AGREEMENTS. 206 00:07:18,539 --> 00:07:20,772 AGREEMENTS. HE DOESN'T WANT ANYTHING TO TIE 207 00:07:20,774 --> 00:07:21,406 HE DOESN'T WANT ANYTHING TO TIE HIS HANDS. 208 00:07:21,408 --> 00:07:23,542 HIS HANDS. >> ALL PRESIDENTS-ELECT SINCE 209 00:07:23,544 --> 00:07:24,843 >> ALL PRESIDENTS-ELECT SINCE WASHINGTON HAVE NOT DONE 210 00:07:24,845 --> 00:07:26,178 WASHINGTON HAVE NOT DONE ANYTHING TO INTERFERE WITH THE 211 00:07:26,180 --> 00:07:27,546 ANYTHING TO INTERFERE WITH THE OPERATION OF GOVERNMENT BEFORE 212 00:07:27,548 --> 00:07:29,748 OPERATION OF GOVERNMENT BEFORE THEY ARE INAUGURATED. 213 00:07:29,750 --> 00:07:32,617 THEY ARE INAUGURATED. BUT LINCOLN WAS DIFFERENT. 214 00:07:32,619 --> 00:07:34,653 BUT LINCOLN WAS DIFFERENT. >> HE'S QUIET ON THE SURFACE BUT 215 00:07:34,655 --> 00:07:36,321 >> HE'S QUIET ON THE SURFACE BUT HE IS WRITING LETTERS TO A 216 00:07:36,323 --> 00:07:39,024 HE IS WRITING LETTERS TO A NETWORK OF KEY ALLIES IN 217 00:07:39,026 --> 00:07:39,424 NETWORK OF KEY ALLIES IN WASHINGTON. 218 00:07:39,426 --> 00:07:41,359 WASHINGTON. >> HE SENDS TOP SECRET 219 00:07:41,361 --> 00:07:43,495 >> HE SENDS TOP SECRET INSTRUCTIONS TO SENATORS AND 220 00:07:43,497 --> 00:07:45,630 INSTRUCTIONS TO SENATORS AND CONGRESSMEN WHO HE TRUSTS. 221 00:07:45,632 --> 00:07:47,466 CONGRESSMEN WHO HE TRUSTS. >> LET THERE BE NO COMPROMISE ON 222 00:07:47,468 --> 00:07:49,334 >> LET THERE BE NO COMPROMISE ON THE QUESTION OF EXTENDING 223 00:07:49,336 --> 00:07:49,668 THE QUESTION OF EXTENDING SLAVERY. 224 00:07:49,670 --> 00:07:56,208 SLAVERY. IF THERE BE, ALL OUR LABOR IS 225 00:07:56,210 --> 00:07:58,610 IF THERE BE, ALL OUR LABOR IS LOST AND ERE LONG MUST BE DONE 226 00:07:58,612 --> 00:07:58,910 LOST AND ERE LONG MUST BE DONE AGAIN. 227 00:07:58,912 --> 00:07:59,878 AGAIN. THE DANGEROUS GROUND TO WHICH 228 00:07:59,880 --> 00:08:01,713 THE DANGEROUS GROUND TO WHICH SOME OF OUR FRIENDS HAVE A 229 00:08:01,715 --> 00:08:03,648 SOME OF OUR FRIENDS HAVE A HANKERING TO RUN IS POPULIST 230 00:08:03,650 --> 00:08:04,049 HANKERING TO RUN IS POPULIST SOVEREIGNTY. 231 00:08:04,051 --> 00:08:04,983 SOVEREIGNTY. HAVE NONE OF IT. 232 00:08:04,985 --> 00:08:05,717 HAVE NONE OF IT. STAND FIRM. 233 00:08:05,719 --> 00:08:08,186 STAND FIRM. THE TUG HAS TO COME, AND BETTER 234 00:08:08,188 --> 00:08:11,523 THE TUG HAS TO COME, AND BETTER NOW THAN ANY TIME HERE AFTER. 235 00:08:11,525 --> 00:08:12,591 NOW THAN ANY TIME HERE AFTER. >> NO CAN WISE ON MY WATCH. 236 00:08:12,593 --> 00:08:14,926 >> NO CAN WISE ON MY WATCH. I'M ON MY WAY. 237 00:08:14,928 --> 00:08:17,362 I'M ON MY WAY. THIS IS ONE OF THOSE MOMENTS 238 00:08:17,364 --> 00:08:19,397 THIS IS ONE OF THOSE MOMENTS WHEN YOU REALIZE THAT HUMBLE 239 00:08:19,399 --> 00:08:20,732 WHEN YOU REALIZE THAT HUMBLE ABRAHAM LINCOLN, AS HE DESCRIBED 240 00:08:20,734 --> 00:08:22,701 ABRAHAM LINCOLN, AS HE DESCRIBED HIMSELF IN HIS FIRST POLITICAL 241 00:08:22,703 --> 00:08:24,703 HIMSELF IN HIS FIRST POLITICAL MESSAGE IS REALLY PRETTY SECURE 242 00:08:24,705 --> 00:08:28,106 MESSAGE IS REALLY PRETTY SECURE IN HIS OWN ABILITY. 243 00:08:28,108 --> 00:08:31,476 IN HIS OWN ABILITY. >> THIS INEXPERIENCED MAN FROM 244 00:08:31,478 --> 00:08:34,880 >> THIS INEXPERIENCED MAN FROM ILLINOIS IN THE FACE OF THE 245 00:08:34,882 --> 00:08:36,815 ILLINOIS IN THE FACE OF THE COUNTRY TEARING ITSELF TO 246 00:08:36,817 --> 00:08:37,148 COUNTRY TEARING ITSELF TO PIECES. 247 00:08:37,150 --> 00:08:38,083 PIECES. HE WILL ALWAYS HAVE THAT 248 00:08:38,085 --> 00:08:38,817 HE WILL ALWAYS HAVE THAT CONFIDENCE THAT HE IS HEADING IN 249 00:08:38,819 --> 00:08:41,786 CONFIDENCE THAT HE IS HEADING IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION. 250 00:08:41,788 --> 00:08:43,188 THE RIGHT DIRECTION. >> MANY PEOPLE CAME TO LINCOLN 251 00:08:43,190 --> 00:08:44,322 >> MANY PEOPLE CAME TO LINCOLN AFTER THE ELECTION AND SAID 252 00:08:44,324 --> 00:08:46,791 AFTER THE ELECTION AND SAID OKAY, YOU HAVE TO SAY SOMETHING 253 00:08:46,793 --> 00:08:50,929 OKAY, YOU HAVE TO SAY SOMETHING TO CONCILIATE THE SOUTH. 254 00:08:50,931 --> 00:08:52,697 TO CONCILIATE THE SOUTH. YOU HAVE TO REASSURE THEM AGAIN 255 00:08:52,699 --> 00:08:54,366 YOU HAVE TO REASSURE THEM AGAIN THAT YOU WILL NOT TAKE ACTION 256 00:08:54,368 --> 00:08:55,033 THAT YOU WILL NOT TAKE ACTION AGAINST THE INSTITUTION OF 257 00:08:55,035 --> 00:08:58,436 AGAINST THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY IN THE SOUTH. 258 00:08:58,438 --> 00:08:59,471 SLAVERY IN THE SOUTH. OTHER PEOPLE CAME TO HIM AND 259 00:08:59,473 --> 00:09:01,239 OTHER PEOPLE CAME TO HIM AND SAID YOU'VE GOT TO REAFFIRM THAT 260 00:09:01,241 --> 00:09:03,141 SAID YOU'VE GOT TO REAFFIRM THAT YOU'RE ANTI-SLAVERY. 261 00:09:03,143 --> 00:09:03,775 YOU'RE ANTI-SLAVERY. SO LINCOLN DECIDED TO SAY 262 00:09:03,777 --> 00:09:06,645 SO LINCOLN DECIDED TO SAY ABSOLUTELY NOTHING. 263 00:09:06,647 --> 00:09:08,780 ABSOLUTELY NOTHING. >> I THINK HE BELIEVED THAT IF 264 00:09:08,782 --> 00:09:12,517 >> I THINK HE BELIEVED THAT IF HE DID NOT DO ANYTHING, HE WOULD 265 00:09:12,519 --> 00:09:14,219 HE DID NOT DO ANYTHING, HE WOULD BE ABLE TO RETURN THOSE STATES 266 00:09:14,221 --> 00:09:18,890 BE ABLE TO RETURN THOSE STATES THAT HAD SECEDED FROM THE UNION 267 00:09:18,892 --> 00:09:19,958 THAT HAD SECEDED FROM THE UNION WITHOUT TOUCHING SLAVERY. 268 00:09:19,960 --> 00:09:23,562 WITHOUT TOUCHING SLAVERY. >> HE BELIEVED THE COUNTRY WAS 269 00:09:23,564 --> 00:09:24,563 >> HE BELIEVED THE COUNTRY WAS INDISSOLVABLE, AND THAT PRO 270 00:09:24,565 --> 00:09:26,197 INDISSOLVABLE, AND THAT PRO UNION SENTIMENT WOULD PREVAIL, 271 00:09:26,199 --> 00:09:27,799 UNION SENTIMENT WOULD PREVAIL, AND THERE WOULD BE AN 272 00:09:27,801 --> 00:09:29,401 AND THERE WOULD BE AN OPPORTUNITY TO WORK THINGS OUT. 273 00:09:29,403 --> 00:09:32,904 OPPORTUNITY TO WORK THINGS OUT. I THINK HE 274 00:09:41,480 --> 00:09:47,118 >>> AS IS SUCCESSION CRISIS WORSENS AND LISTEN CON AWAITS 275 00:09:47,120 --> 00:09:49,654 WORSENS AND LISTEN CON AWAITS HIS INAUGURATION, MARY LINCOLN 276 00:09:49,656 --> 00:09:51,456 HIS INAUGURATION, MARY LINCOLN RELISHES A LIFE-LONG DREAM COME 277 00:09:51,458 --> 00:09:51,756 RELISHES A LIFE-LONG DREAM COME TRUE. 278 00:09:51,758 --> 00:09:57,529 TRUE. >> AS A GIRL, SHE DECLARED THAT 279 00:09:57,531 --> 00:09:58,330 >> AS A GIRL, SHE DECLARED THAT SHE WAS GOING TO MARRY A 280 00:09:58,332 --> 00:10:00,532 SHE WAS GOING TO MARRY A PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 281 00:10:00,534 --> 00:10:02,100 PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. >> THIS IS SOMETHING THAT SHE 282 00:10:02,102 --> 00:10:06,705 >> THIS IS SOMETHING THAT SHE HAS DREAMED ABOUT FOR YEARS. 283 00:10:06,707 --> 00:10:08,974 HAS DREAMED ABOUT FOR YEARS. SO MARY IS IN A BIT OF AN 284 00:10:08,976 --> 00:10:09,674 SO MARY IS IN A BIT OF AN OBLIVIOUS SPOT HERE. 285 00:10:09,676 --> 00:10:11,443 OBLIVIOUS SPOT HERE. SHE IS GOING TO BE THE FIRST 286 00:10:11,445 --> 00:10:13,845 SHE IS GOING TO BE THE FIRST LADY OF THE UNITED STATES. 287 00:10:13,847 --> 00:10:14,546 LADY OF THE UNITED STATES. SHE HAS FELT THAT THIS IS HER 288 00:10:14,548 --> 00:10:19,684 SHE HAS FELT THAT THIS IS HER DESTINY. 289 00:10:19,686 --> 00:10:22,520 DESTINY. NONE OF THE TALK OF SUCCESSION 290 00:10:22,522 --> 00:10:25,323 NONE OF THE TALK OF SUCCESSION IS GOING TO INHIBIT HER FROM 291 00:10:25,325 --> 00:10:26,758 IS GOING TO INHIBIT HER FROM PUTTING HER BEST FOOT FORWARD IN 292 00:10:26,760 --> 00:10:27,158 PUTTING HER BEST FOOT FORWARD IN WASHINGTON. 293 00:10:27,160 --> 00:10:29,427 WASHINGTON. SO IN THE MIDDLE OF ALL THIS, 294 00:10:29,429 --> 00:10:34,199 SO IN THE MIDDLE OF ALL THIS, MARY GOES ON A SHOPPING TRIP TO 295 00:10:34,201 --> 00:10:34,566 MARY GOES ON A SHOPPING TRIP TO NEW YORK. 296 00:10:34,568 --> 00:10:35,767 NEW YORK. SHE USES THE PERIOD BETWEEN THE 297 00:10:35,769 --> 00:10:38,069 SHE USES THE PERIOD BETWEEN THE ELECTION AND THE INAUGURATION TO 298 00:10:38,071 --> 00:10:41,339 ELECTION AND THE INAUGURATION TO GET HER WARDROBE READY, BECAUSE 299 00:10:41,341 --> 00:10:43,942 GET HER WARDROBE READY, BECAUSE HER JOB SHE THINKS IS TO OUTFIT 300 00:10:43,944 --> 00:10:45,176 HER JOB SHE THINKS IS TO OUTFIT HERSELF MAGNIFICENTLY, TO BUY 301 00:10:45,178 --> 00:10:47,145 HERSELF MAGNIFICENTLY, TO BUY THE RIGHT DISHES, TO BUY THE 302 00:10:47,147 --> 00:10:48,079 THE RIGHT DISHES, TO BUY THE RIGHT JEWELRY, AND TO BUY AND TO 303 00:10:48,081 --> 00:10:50,582 RIGHT JEWELRY, AND TO BUY AND TO BUY AND TO BUY. 304 00:10:50,584 --> 00:10:53,418 BUY AND TO BUY. >> IT'S HERE THAT MARY BEGAN TO 305 00:10:53,420 --> 00:10:56,154 >> IT'S HERE THAT MARY BEGAN TO ENCOUNTER THE TROUBLED 306 00:10:56,156 --> 00:10:56,888 ENCOUNTER THE TROUBLED REPUTATION THAT SHE WOULD LATER 307 00:10:56,890 --> 00:11:01,760 REPUTATION THAT SHE WOULD LATER ENCOUNTER. 308 00:11:01,762 --> 00:11:03,962 ENCOUNTER. >> MARY BELIEVES SHE HAS A FIRM 309 00:11:03,964 --> 00:11:06,431 >> MARY BELIEVES SHE HAS A FIRM GRASP ON HER RESPONSIBILITIES AS 310 00:11:06,433 --> 00:11:07,799 GRASP ON HER RESPONSIBILITIES AS FIRST LADY, BUT THE TASK BEFORE 311 00:11:07,801 --> 00:11:11,136 FIRST LADY, BUT THE TASK BEFORE HER HUSBAND IS UNPRECEDENTED. 312 00:11:11,138 --> 00:11:13,438 HER HUSBAND IS UNPRECEDENTED. THE DREAM THAT AMERICA'S 313 00:11:13,440 --> 00:11:15,707 THE DREAM THAT AMERICA'S FOREFATHERS BLED FOR ONLY 84 314 00:11:15,709 --> 00:11:16,441 FOREFATHERS BLED FOR ONLY 84 YEARS BEFORE LIES IN LINCOLN'S 315 00:11:16,443 --> 00:11:23,181 YEARS BEFORE LIES IN LINCOLN'S HANDS. 316 00:11:23,183 --> 00:11:26,484 HANDS. >> THE SURVIVAL OF THE UNION IS 317 00:11:26,486 --> 00:11:28,153 >> THE SURVIVAL OF THE UNION IS NOT JUST ABOUT NATIONAL 318 00:11:28,155 --> 00:11:29,320 NOT JUST ABOUT NATIONAL SURVIVAL. 319 00:11:29,322 --> 00:11:31,089 SURVIVAL. IT'S NOT EVEN JUST ABOUT THE 320 00:11:31,091 --> 00:11:32,524 IT'S NOT EVEN JUST ABOUT THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY. 321 00:11:32,526 --> 00:11:34,993 INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY. IT'S ABOUT WHETHER DEMOCRACY, 322 00:11:34,995 --> 00:11:36,294 IT'S ABOUT WHETHER DEMOCRACY, WHETHER THE GIVEN ORDINARY 323 00:11:36,296 --> 00:11:37,696 WHETHER THE GIVEN ORDINARY PEOPLE A STRONG VOICE IN THEIR 324 00:11:37,698 --> 00:11:38,430 PEOPLE A STRONG VOICE IN THEIR GOVERN IS A GOOD IDEA OR A BAD 325 00:11:38,432 --> 00:11:43,902 GOVERN IS A GOOD IDEA OR A BAD IDEA. 326 00:11:43,904 --> 00:11:45,837 IDEA. >> WE'RE THE ONLY NATION IN THE 327 00:11:45,839 --> 00:11:46,871 >> WE'RE THE ONLY NATION IN THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD FOUNDED ON 328 00:11:46,873 --> 00:11:49,941 HISTORY OF THE WORLD FOUNDED ON AN IDEA, NOT A TRIBAL IDENTITY. 329 00:11:49,943 --> 00:11:52,577 AN IDEA, NOT A TRIBAL IDENTITY. >> ALL THE OLD POWER, ALL THE 330 00:11:52,579 --> 00:11:53,912 >> ALL THE OLD POWER, ALL THE MONARCHIES ARE PREDICTING OUR 331 00:11:53,914 --> 00:11:55,146 MONARCHIES ARE PREDICTING OUR FAILURE VERY CONFIDENTLY. 332 00:11:55,148 --> 00:11:57,982 FAILURE VERY CONFIDENTLY. >> COMMONLY, IT'S BEEN BELIEVED 333 00:11:57,984 --> 00:11:58,917 >> COMMONLY, IT'S BEEN BELIEVED THAT YOU HAVE TO HAVE THE 334 00:11:58,919 --> 00:11:59,784 THAT YOU HAVE TO HAVE THE EDU 335 00:11:59,786 --> 00:12:00,518 EDU EDUCATED, THE WELL BORN RUNNING 336 00:12:00,520 --> 00:12:00,885 EDUCATED, THE WELL BORN RUNNING THE SHOW. 337 00:12:00,887 --> 00:12:01,619 THE SHOW. BUT WE'RE TRYING TO PROVE TO THE 338 00:12:01,621 --> 00:12:03,321 BUT WE'RE TRYING TO PROVE TO THE REST OF THE WORLD THAT THAT 339 00:12:03,323 --> 00:12:03,722 REST OF THE WORLD THAT THAT ISN'T TRUE. 340 00:12:03,724 --> 00:12:08,526 ISN'T TRUE. WE REPRESENT AN EXPERIMENT. 341 00:12:08,528 --> 00:12:11,096 WE REPRESENT AN EXPERIMENT. THE STAKES ARE MUCH BIGGER EVEN 342 00:12:11,098 --> 00:12:12,497 THE STAKES ARE MUCH BIGGER EVEN THAN THE UNITED STATES. 343 00:12:12,499 --> 00:12:14,833 THAN THE UNITED STATES. IT'S ABOUT WHETHER DEMOCRACY CAN 344 00:12:14,835 --> 00:12:15,333 IT'S ABOUT WHETHER DEMOCRACY CAN SUCCEED. 345 00:12:15,335 --> 00:12:16,034 SUCCEED. AND ALL THE SMART MONEY IS ON 346 00:12:16,036 --> 00:12:17,669 AND ALL THE SMART MONEY IS ON THE OTHER SIDE. 347 00:12:17,671 --> 00:12:27,579 THE OTHER SIDE. ♪ 348 00:12:27,581 --> 00:12:31,483 ♪ >> FINALLY, ON FEBRUARY 11th, 349 00:12:31,485 --> 00:12:33,518 >> FINALLY, ON FEBRUARY 11th, 1861, AFTER MONTHS OF 350 00:12:33,520 --> 00:12:34,886 1861, AFTER MONTHS OF ANTICIPATION, THE LINCOLNS HEAD 351 00:12:34,888 --> 00:12:38,256 ANTICIPATION, THE LINCOLNS HEAD TO THE SPRINGFIELD DEPOT. 352 00:12:38,258 --> 00:12:40,725 TO THE SPRINGFIELD DEPOT. THERE THEY WILL BOARD THE TRAIN 353 00:12:40,727 --> 00:12:42,093 THERE THEY WILL BOARD THE TRAIN TO WASHINGTON, D.C. AND TO THE 354 00:12:42,095 --> 00:12:42,761 TO WASHINGTON, D.C. AND TO THE HELM OF THE WORST CRISIS IN 355 00:12:42,763 --> 00:12:48,066 HELM OF THE WORST CRISIS IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 356 00:12:48,068 --> 00:12:50,935 AMERICAN HISTORY. >> AS LINCOLN DEPARTS 357 00:12:50,937 --> 00:12:52,504 >> AS LINCOLN DEPARTS SPRINGFIELD, A BIG CROWD GATHERS 358 00:12:52,506 --> 00:12:53,238 SPRINGFIELD, A BIG CROWD GATHERS AT THE TRAIN STATION TO BID HIM 359 00:12:53,240 --> 00:12:55,573 AT THE TRAIN STATION TO BID HIM FAREWELL. 360 00:12:55,575 --> 00:12:57,208 FAREWELL. >> EVERYONE HAS BEEN TOLD THAT 361 00:12:57,210 --> 00:12:58,243 >> EVERYONE HAS BEEN TOLD THAT THE PRESIDENT-ELECT IS NOT GOING 362 00:12:58,245 --> 00:13:02,647 THE PRESIDENT-ELECT IS NOT GOING MAKE A FAREWELL SPEECH. 363 00:13:02,649 --> 00:13:08,052 MAKE A FAREWELL SPEECH. THIS MAN HAS SAID NOT A PUBLIC 364 00:13:08,054 --> 00:13:08,686 THIS MAN HAS SAID NOT A PUBLIC WORD TO ANYBODY SINCE HIS 365 00:13:08,688 --> 00:13:09,087 WORD TO ANYBODY SINCE HIS NOMINATION. 366 00:13:09,089 --> 00:13:10,688 NOMINATION. BUT HE BEGINS TO SPEAK. 367 00:13:10,690 --> 00:13:12,557 BUT HE BEGINS TO SPEAK. >> LINCOLN OFF THE CUFF DELIVERS 368 00:13:12,559 --> 00:13:13,591 >> LINCOLN OFF THE CUFF DELIVERS ONE OF HIS MOST HEARTFELT 369 00:13:13,593 --> 00:13:18,863 ONE OF HIS MOST HEARTFELT ELOQUENT ADDRESSES. 370 00:13:18,865 --> 00:13:20,765 ELOQUENT ADDRESSES. >> HERE I HAVE PASSED FROM A 371 00:13:20,767 --> 00:13:22,600 >> HERE I HAVE PASSED FROM A YOUNG TO AN OLD MAN. 372 00:13:22,602 --> 00:13:24,569 YOUNG TO AN OLD MAN. HERE MY CHILDREN HAVE BEEN BORN 373 00:13:24,571 --> 00:13:27,672 HERE MY CHILDREN HAVE BEEN BORN AND ONE IS BURIED. 374 00:13:27,674 --> 00:13:30,074 AND ONE IS BURIED. I NOW LEAVE NOT KNOWING WHEN OR 375 00:13:30,076 --> 00:13:33,111 I NOW LEAVE NOT KNOWING WHEN OR WHETHER EVER I MAY RETURN WITH A 376 00:13:33,113 --> 00:13:34,212 WHETHER EVER I MAY RETURN WITH A TASK BEFORE ME GREATER THAN THAT 377 00:13:34,214 --> 00:13:39,717 TASK BEFORE ME GREATER THAN THAT WHICH RESTED UPON WASHINGTON. 378 00:13:39,719 --> 00:13:42,053 WHICH RESTED UPON WASHINGTON. >> HE IS ABLE TO STAY IN TWO 379 00:13:42,055 --> 00:13:44,022 >> HE IS ABLE TO STAY IN TWO MINUTES SOMETHING MORE PROFOUND, 380 00:13:44,024 --> 00:13:44,989 MINUTES SOMETHING MORE PROFOUND, MORE TOUCHING THAN ANYTHING HE 381 00:13:44,991 --> 00:13:52,630 MORE TOUCHING THAN ANYTHING HE HAD EVER SAID IN TWO HOURS. 382 00:13:52,632 --> 00:13:53,865 HAD EVER SAID IN TWO HOURS. AND THE PEOPLE STAND SILENTLY IN 383 00:13:53,867 --> 00:13:55,667 AND THE PEOPLE STAND SILENTLY IN PLACE WATCHING AS THAT TALL 384 00:13:55,669 --> 00:13:56,768 PLACE WATCHING AS THAT TALL FIGURE RECEDES INTO JUST A SMALL 385 00:13:56,770 --> 00:14:03,141 FIGURE RECEDES INTO JUST A SMALL DOT ON THE HORIZON. 386 00:14:03,143 --> 00:14:08,012 DOT ON THE HORIZON. >> IN FEBRUARY 1861, ABRAHAM 387 00:14:08,014 --> 00:14:09,047 >> IN FEBRUARY 1861, ABRAHAM LINCOLN SAYS GOODBYE TO THE 388 00:14:09,049 --> 00:14:10,949 LINCOLN SAYS GOODBYE TO THE PLACE WHERE HE STARTED HIS 389 00:14:10,951 --> 00:14:12,684 PLACE WHERE HE STARTED HIS FAMILY AND ASCENDED FROM CIRCUIT 390 00:14:12,686 --> 00:14:13,751 FAMILY AND ASCENDED FROM CIRCUIT LAWYER TO THE HIGHEST OFFICE IN 391 00:14:13,753 --> 00:14:17,388 LAWYER TO THE HIGHEST OFFICE IN THE NATION. 392 00:14:17,390 --> 00:14:19,224 THE NATION. THE NEXT TIME HE RETURNS TO 393 00:14:19,226 --> 00:14:19,958 THE NEXT TIME HE RETURNS TO SPRINGFIELD WILL BE FOUR YEARS 394 00:14:19,960 --> 00:14:23,862 SPRINGFIELD WILL BE FOUR YEARS LATER IN A COFFIN. 395 00:14:32,004 --> 00:14:35,006 >>> ON HIS TRAIN TRIP FROM SPRINGFIELD TO D.C., ABRAHAM 396 00:14:35,008 --> 00:14:36,641 SPRINGFIELD TO D.C., ABRAHAM LINCOLN BREAKS HIS PUBLIC 397 00:14:36,643 --> 00:14:38,776 LINCOLN BREAKS HIS PUBLIC SILENCE. 398 00:14:38,778 --> 00:14:40,411 SILENCE. HE STOPS IN CITIES ALONG THE 399 00:14:40,413 --> 00:14:41,613 HE STOPS IN CITIES ALONG THE ROUTE, REASSURING HIS 400 00:14:41,615 --> 00:14:43,348 ROUTE, REASSURING HIS CONSTITUENTS OF HIS RESOLVE TO 401 00:14:43,350 --> 00:14:44,048 CONSTITUENTS OF HIS RESOLVE TO PRESERVE THE UNION AND DEFEND 402 00:14:44,050 --> 00:14:48,119 PRESERVE THE UNION AND DEFEND DEMOCRACY. 403 00:14:48,121 --> 00:14:49,921 DEMOCRACY. >> MOST AMERICANS WHOEVER SAW 404 00:14:49,923 --> 00:14:52,757 >> MOST AMERICANS WHOEVER SAW LINCOLN, SAW HIM DURING THAT 405 00:14:52,759 --> 00:14:57,028 LINCOLN, SAW HIM DURING THAT 13-DAY TRAIN TRIP. 406 00:14:57,030 --> 00:15:00,899 13-DAY TRAIN TRIP. >> HE IS SEEN A GROWING 407 00:15:00,901 --> 00:15:01,866 >> HE IS SEEN A GROWING INDUSTRIAL NORTH. 408 00:15:01,868 --> 00:15:03,868 INDUSTRIAL NORTH. JUST IN THE LAST DECADE, THESE 409 00:15:03,870 --> 00:15:05,103 JUST IN THE LAST DECADE, THESE PLACES, THEY'VE GONE THROUGH A 410 00:15:05,105 --> 00:15:08,306 PLACES, THEY'VE GONE THROUGH A REVOLUTION. 411 00:15:08,308 --> 00:15:09,941 REVOLUTION. ECONOMICALLY, POLITICALLY AND 412 00:15:09,943 --> 00:15:11,609 ECONOMICALLY, POLITICALLY AND SOCIALLY, IT IS THE HEART OF THE 413 00:15:11,611 --> 00:15:13,111 SOCIALLY, IT IS THE HEART OF THE COUNTRY THAT MADE HIM PRESIDENT. 414 00:15:13,113 --> 00:15:14,979 COUNTRY THAT MADE HIM PRESIDENT. >> WHAT HE WON'T SEE 415 00:15:14,981 --> 00:15:16,648 >> WHAT HE WON'T SEE INTERESTINGLY ON THIS TRIP IS 416 00:15:16,650 --> 00:15:19,751 INTERESTINGLY ON THIS TRIP IS THE SOUTH. 417 00:15:19,753 --> 00:15:21,152 THE SOUTH. THE CLOSEST HE COMES TO SPEAKING 418 00:15:21,154 --> 00:15:23,021 THE CLOSEST HE COMES TO SPEAKING TO THE SOUTH IS BY GIVING A 419 00:15:23,023 --> 00:15:24,789 TO THE SOUTH IS BY GIVING A SPEECH ON THE BANKS OF THE OHIO 420 00:15:24,791 --> 00:15:26,925 SPEECH ON THE BANKS OF THE OHIO RIVER AND SAYING IF THEY CAN 421 00:15:26,927 --> 00:15:28,660 RIVER AND SAYING IF THEY CAN HEAR ME OVER THERE, BUT THEY 422 00:15:28,662 --> 00:15:29,160 HEAR ME OVER THERE, BUT THEY CAN'T. 423 00:15:29,162 --> 00:15:32,630 CAN'T. THEY CAN'T HEAR HIS WORDS OF 424 00:15:32,632 --> 00:15:33,531 THEY CAN'T HEAR HIS WORDS OF RECONCILIATION BECAUSE WHEN HE 425 00:15:33,533 --> 00:15:37,502 RECONCILIATION BECAUSE WHEN HE MAKES HIS INAUGURAL JOURNEY, 426 00:15:37,504 --> 00:15:39,904 MAKES HIS INAUGURAL JOURNEY, THERE IS ANOTHER INAUGG AAUGURA 427 00:15:39,906 --> 00:15:41,339 THERE IS ANOTHER INAUGG AAUGURA JOURNEY TAKING PLACE. 428 00:15:41,341 --> 00:15:43,174 JOURNEY TAKING PLACE. JEFFERSON DAVIS IS HEADING TO 429 00:15:43,176 --> 00:15:44,676 JEFFERSON DAVIS IS HEADING TO MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA TO BE 430 00:15:44,678 --> 00:15:46,611 MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA TO BE INAUGURATED AS PRESIDENT OF THE 431 00:15:46,613 --> 00:15:47,011 INAUGURATED AS PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERACY. 432 00:15:47,013 --> 00:15:47,712 CONFEDERACY. THAT'S A PRETTY SERIOUS SIGN 433 00:15:47,714 --> 00:15:48,379 THAT'S A PRETTY SERIOUS SIGN THAT THIS IS GOING TO BE A 434 00:15:48,381 --> 00:15:50,548 THAT THIS IS GOING TO BE A CONFLICT. 435 00:15:50,550 --> 00:15:52,650 CONFLICT. >> SLAVE-OWNING MISSISSIPPI 436 00:15:52,652 --> 00:15:54,485 >> SLAVE-OWNING MISSISSIPPI SENATOR AND FORMER SECRETARY OF 437 00:15:54,487 --> 00:15:55,753 SENATOR AND FORMER SECRETARY OF WAR JEFFERSON DAVIS IS CHOSEN TO 438 00:15:55,755 --> 00:16:02,760 WAR JEFFERSON DAVIS IS CHOSEN TO LEAD THE CONFEDERACY. 439 00:16:02,762 --> 00:16:05,797 LEAD THE CONFEDERACY. >> ON FEBRUARY 22 AND, 1861, 440 00:16:05,799 --> 00:16:08,099 >> ON FEBRUARY 22 AND, 1861, WHEN LINCOLN WAS IN PHILADELPHIA 441 00:16:08,101 --> 00:16:10,601 WHEN LINCOLN WAS IN PHILADELPHIA EN ROUTE TO HIS INAUGURATION, HE 442 00:16:10,603 --> 00:16:12,737 EN ROUTE TO HIS INAUGURATION, HE SPOKE OUTSIDE OF INDEPENDENCE 443 00:16:12,739 --> 00:16:14,439 SPOKE OUTSIDE OF INDEPENDENCE HALL, AND HE SAID THAT EVERY 444 00:16:14,441 --> 00:16:17,308 HALL, AND HE SAID THAT EVERY IDEA HE HAD EVER HAD POLITICALLY 445 00:16:17,310 --> 00:16:19,510 IDEA HE HAD EVER HAD POLITICALLY CAME FROM THE DELIBERATIONS OF 446 00:16:19,512 --> 00:16:22,947 CAME FROM THE DELIBERATIONS OF THOSE MEN IN THAT HALL. 447 00:16:22,949 --> 00:16:26,217 THOSE MEN IN THAT HALL. HE SAID RATHER THAN BE FALSE TO 448 00:16:26,219 --> 00:16:28,987 HE SAID RATHER THAN BE FALSE TO THOSE IDEAS, HE WOULD RATHER BE 449 00:16:28,989 --> 00:16:40,965 THOSE IDEAS, HE WOULD RATHER BE ASSASSINATED ON THE SPOT. 450 00:16:40,967 --> 00:16:43,534 ASSASSINATED ON THE SPOT. >> ON THE TRIP, HE RECEIVED 451 00:16:43,536 --> 00:16:45,203 >> ON THE TRIP, HE RECEIVED INFORMATION THAT A MOB IN 452 00:16:45,205 --> 00:16:48,639 INFORMATION THAT A MOB IN BALTIMORE WAS GOING TO 453 00:16:48,641 --> 00:16:52,210 BALTIMORE WAS GOING TO ASSASSINATE HIM. 454 00:16:52,212 --> 00:16:53,311 ASSASSINATE HIM. >> EVEN THOUGH MARYLAND WAS IN 455 00:16:53,313 --> 00:16:54,712 >> EVEN THOUGH MARYLAND WAS IN THE UNION, BALTIMORE WAS A 456 00:16:54,714 --> 00:16:58,082 THE UNION, BALTIMORE WAS A HOTBED OF CONFEDERATE SENTIMENT. 457 00:16:58,084 --> 00:17:01,052 HOTBED OF CONFEDERATE SENTIMENT. >> IT IS THE ONLY CITY BELOW THE 458 00:17:01,054 --> 00:17:02,820 >> IT IS THE ONLY CITY BELOW THE MASON-DIXON LINE IN WHICH HE IS 459 00:17:02,822 --> 00:17:04,188 MASON-DIXON LINE IN WHICH HE IS SCHEDULED TO STOP AND SPEAK. 460 00:17:04,190 --> 00:17:07,058 SCHEDULED TO STOP AND SPEAK. >> HE COULD GET SHOT, STABBED, 461 00:17:07,060 --> 00:17:07,425 >> HE COULD GET SHOT, STABBED, KIDNAPPED. 462 00:17:07,427 --> 00:17:08,159 KIDNAPPED. IT'S A TERRIBLE SITUATION HE'S 463 00:17:08,161 --> 00:17:14,132 IT'S A TERRIBLE SITUATION HE'S IN. 464 00:17:14,134 --> 00:17:16,667 IN. >> LINCOLN'S ADVISERS BEG HIM TO 465 00:17:16,669 --> 00:17:18,469 >> LINCOLN'S ADVISERS BEG HIM TO END HIS SPEAKING TOUR AND GET TO 466 00:17:18,471 --> 00:17:22,373 END HIS SPEAKING TOUR AND GET TO WASHINGTON UNDER COVER. 467 00:17:22,375 --> 00:17:24,208 WASHINGTON UNDER COVER. >> LINCOLN SAID THAT'S GOING TO 468 00:17:24,210 --> 00:17:24,675 >> LINCOLN SAID THAT'S GOING TO LOOK PRETTY BAD. 469 00:17:24,677 --> 00:17:26,344 LOOK PRETTY BAD. I'M GOING TO LOOK LIKE A WIMP, 470 00:17:26,346 --> 00:17:28,046 I'M GOING TO LOOK LIKE A WIMP, LIKE A COWARD, BUT I HAVE A 471 00:17:28,048 --> 00:17:29,147 LIKE A COWARD, BUT I HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO THE COUNTRY TO 472 00:17:29,149 --> 00:17:30,348 RESPONSIBILITY TO THE COUNTRY TO ACTUALLY GET THERE AND NOT TO 473 00:17:30,350 --> 00:17:32,116 ACTUALLY GET THERE AND NOT TO PROVE THAT I'M A MACHO GUY THAT 474 00:17:32,118 --> 00:17:33,851 PROVE THAT I'M A MACHO GUY THAT WILL STAND UP AND DEFY 475 00:17:33,853 --> 00:17:34,252 WILL STAND UP AND DEFY ASSASSINS. 476 00:17:34,254 --> 00:17:36,521 ASSASSINS. >> WHAT HAPPENS NEXT IS A 477 00:17:36,523 --> 00:17:40,024 >> WHAT HAPPENS NEXT IS A COMBINATION OF SECRECY AND 478 00:17:40,026 --> 00:17:40,358 COMBINATION OF SECRECY AND MYSTERY. 479 00:17:40,360 --> 00:17:42,727 MYSTERY. >> THE PLOT IS HATCHED TO HAVE 480 00:17:42,729 --> 00:17:46,731 >> THE PLOT IS HATCHED TO HAVE HIM DISGUISE HIMSELF. 481 00:17:46,733 --> 00:17:48,833 HIM DISGUISE HIMSELF. >> LINCOLN IS ENCOURAGED TO GET 482 00:17:48,835 --> 00:17:50,935 >> LINCOLN IS ENCOURAGED TO GET RID OF THE TALL STOVEPIPE HAT, 483 00:17:50,937 --> 00:17:52,870 RID OF THE TALL STOVEPIPE HAT, WHICH IS ALREADY A TRADEMARK, 484 00:17:52,872 --> 00:17:56,207 WHICH IS ALREADY A TRADEMARK, AND HE WEARS A HAT, AS HE WRITES 485 00:17:56,209 --> 00:17:56,941 AND HE WEARS A HAT, AS HE WRITES LETTER, SUCH AS I'VE NEVER WORN 486 00:17:56,943 --> 00:18:03,347 LETTER, SUCH AS I'VE NEVER WORN BEFORE OR SINCE. 487 00:18:03,349 --> 00:18:07,819 BEFORE OR SINCE. HE ALSO WEARS A LONG OVERCOAT, 488 00:18:07,821 --> 00:18:08,553 HE ALSO WEARS A LONG OVERCOAT, PRACTICALLY DOWN TO HIS ANKLES. 489 00:18:08,555 --> 00:18:12,723 PRACTICALLY DOWN TO HIS ANKLES. >> HE HAD ONE BODYGUARD TO 490 00:18:12,725 --> 00:18:13,858 >> HE HAD ONE BODYGUARD TO PROTECT HIM. 491 00:18:13,860 --> 00:18:17,028 PROTECT HIM. >> WARD HILL LAMON, HIS OLD 492 00:18:17,030 --> 00:18:19,764 >> WARD HILL LAMON, HIS OLD FRIEND FROM ILLINOIS, HIS BANJO 493 00:18:19,766 --> 00:18:22,667 FRIEND FROM ILLINOIS, HIS BANJO PLAYING BOON COMPANION. 494 00:18:22,669 --> 00:18:24,502 PLAYING BOON COMPANION. LAMON HAS BRASS KNUCKLES, A 495 00:18:24,504 --> 00:18:26,070 LAMON HAS BRASS KNUCKLES, A PISTOL, DAGGERS, AND THEY GO TO 496 00:18:26,072 --> 00:18:28,439 PISTOL, DAGGERS, AND THEY GO TO BALTIMORE, BY TRAIN AT NIGHT. 497 00:18:28,441 --> 00:18:29,841 BALTIMORE, BY TRAIN AT NIGHT. IN THOSE DAYS, THERE WAS NO 498 00:18:29,843 --> 00:18:32,410 IN THOSE DAYS, THERE WAS NO CONTINUITY OF RAILROAD STATIONS. 499 00:18:32,412 --> 00:18:35,913 CONTINUITY OF RAILROAD STATIONS. YOU HAD TO SWITCH THE TRACKS. 500 00:18:35,915 --> 00:18:38,015 YOU HAD TO SWITCH THE TRACKS. >> SO TO GET FROM THE NORTH 501 00:18:38,017 --> 00:18:39,817 >> SO TO GET FROM THE NORTH THROUGH BALTIMORE TO WASHINGTON, 502 00:18:39,819 --> 00:18:41,452 THROUGH BALTIMORE TO WASHINGTON, YOU HAD TO COME INTO ONE STATION 503 00:18:41,454 --> 00:18:44,689 YOU HAD TO COME INTO ONE STATION IN THE NORTH PART OF TOWN AND 504 00:18:44,691 --> 00:18:46,724 IN THE NORTH PART OF TOWN AND THEN CROSS TOWN AND THEN GET ON 505 00:18:46,726 --> 00:18:47,425 THEN CROSS TOWN AND THEN GET ON TO ANOTHER TRAIN IN THE SOUTH 506 00:18:47,427 --> 00:18:52,463 TO ANOTHER TRAIN IN THE SOUTH STATION. 507 00:18:52,465 --> 00:18:54,899 STATION. >> SO WHEN IT ARRIVES, THEIR 508 00:18:54,901 --> 00:18:57,602 >> SO WHEN IT ARRIVES, THEIR TRAIN CAR IS PULLED BY A HORSE 509 00:18:57,604 --> 00:18:58,636 TRAIN CAR IS PULLED BY A HORSE ACROSS TOWN ON TROLLEY TRACKS TO 510 00:18:58,638 --> 00:19:08,813 ACROSS TOWN ON TROLLEY TRACKS TO THE NEXT STATION. 511 00:19:08,815 --> 00:19:16,521 THE NEXT STATION. IT'S A VERY EERIE MOMENT. 512 00:19:16,523 --> 00:19:22,593 IT'S A VERY EERIE MOMENT. IT'S THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT. 513 00:19:22,595 --> 00:19:23,361 IT'S THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT. THEY HEAR VOICES. 514 00:19:23,363 --> 00:19:24,061 THEY HEAR VOICES. THEY REALLY DON'T KNOW WHAT'S 515 00:19:24,063 --> 00:19:36,707 THEY REALLY DON'T KNOW WHAT'S OUTSIDE. 516 00:19:36,709 --> 00:19:38,509 OUTSIDE. SHORTLY AFTER DAWN, ON FEBRUARY 517 00:19:38,511 --> 00:19:44,482 SHORTLY AFTER DAWN, ON FEBRUARY 23rd, 1861, LINCOLN'S CAR PULLS 518 00:19:44,484 --> 00:19:46,717 23rd, 1861, LINCOLN'S CAR PULLS INTO WASHINGTON. 519 00:19:46,719 --> 00:19:47,418 INTO WASHINGTON. EVERYBODY IS QUITE SURPRISED 520 00:19:47,420 --> 00:19:48,653 EVERYBODY IS QUITE SURPRISED THAT HE'S ARRIVED IN THIS RATHER 521 00:19:48,655 --> 00:19:50,555 THAT HE'S ARRIVED IN THIS RATHER UNSEEMLY FASHION. 522 00:19:50,557 --> 00:19:54,058 UNSEEMLY FASHION. >> THE MOOD IS SO TENSE THAT 523 00:19:54,060 --> 00:19:57,995 >> THE MOOD IS SO TENSE THAT WHEN CONGRESSMAN ELIAH WASHBURN 524 00:19:57,997 --> 00:19:59,397 WHEN CONGRESSMAN ELIAH WASHBURN SEES MR. LINCOLN AT THE DEPOT, 525 00:19:59,399 --> 00:20:01,732 SEES MR. LINCOLN AT THE DEPOT, HE RUSHES UP AND SAYS MR. 526 00:20:01,734 --> 00:20:04,302 HE RUSHES UP AND SAYS MR. LINCOLN, IS THAT YOU? 527 00:20:04,304 --> 00:20:05,603 LINCOLN, IS THAT YOU? LAMON BELTS HIM IN THE CHEST 528 00:20:05,605 --> 00:20:06,971 LAMON BELTS HIM IN THE CHEST THINKING HE IS A THREAT. 529 00:20:06,973 --> 00:20:08,639 THINKING HE IS A THREAT. AND LINCOLN IS OH, NO, THIS IS 530 00:20:08,641 --> 00:20:11,409 AND LINCOLN IS OH, NO, THIS IS MY FRIEND. 531 00:20:11,411 --> 00:20:14,345 MY FRIEND. >> THE NEXT DAY, MRS. LINCOLN, 532 00:20:14,347 --> 00:20:15,846 >> THE NEXT DAY, MRS. LINCOLN, STILL IN PHILADELPHIA, WAS TOLD 533 00:20:15,848 --> 00:20:18,249 STILL IN PHILADELPHIA, WAS TOLD THAT HER HUSBAND WAS TAKEN 534 00:20:18,251 --> 00:20:19,350 THAT HER HUSBAND WAS TAKEN THROUGH BALTIMORE IN THE DEAD OF 535 00:20:19,352 --> 00:20:21,385 THROUGH BALTIMORE IN THE DEAD OF THE NIGHT, AND SHE WAS VERY 536 00:20:21,387 --> 00:20:23,187 THE NIGHT, AND SHE WAS VERY UPSET. 537 00:20:23,189 --> 00:20:24,388 UPSET. >> SHE WAS ABSOLUTELY 538 00:20:24,390 --> 00:20:27,892 >> SHE WAS ABSOLUTELY DRAMATICALLY BALLISTIC. 539 00:20:27,894 --> 00:20:29,694 DRAMATICALLY BALLISTIC. THREATS TO HER HUSBAND WERE 540 00:20:29,696 --> 00:20:31,562 THREATS TO HER HUSBAND WERE SOMETHING THAT MARY LINCOLN TOOK 541 00:20:31,564 --> 00:20:32,230 SOMETHING THAT MARY LINCOLN TOOK QUITE SERIOUSLY. 542 00:20:32,232 --> 00:20:34,465 QUITE SERIOUSLY. AND THEN TO BE FORCED TO 543 00:20:34,467 --> 00:20:35,466 AND THEN TO BE FORCED TO SEPARATE FROM HIS FAMILY. 544 00:20:35,468 --> 00:20:38,102 SEPARATE FROM HIS FAMILY. >> SHE FLIES INTO A RAGE, 545 00:20:38,104 --> 00:20:39,203 >> SHE FLIES INTO A RAGE, SCREAMING NO, I HAVE TO BE WITH 546 00:20:39,205 --> 00:20:39,971 SCREAMING NO, I HAVE TO BE WITH HIM. 547 00:20:39,973 --> 00:20:42,073 HIM. AND EVERYBODY SAYS SHHH, QUIET. 548 00:20:42,075 --> 00:20:43,674 AND EVERYBODY SAYS SHHH, QUIET. SO THEY FINALLY TAKE HER IN A 549 00:20:43,676 --> 00:20:44,408 SO THEY FINALLY TAKE HER IN A ROOM AND SHUT THE DOOR AND LOCK 550 00:20:44,410 --> 00:20:49,347 ROOM AND SHUT THE DOOR AND LOCK IT. 551 00:20:49,349 --> 00:20:53,084 IT. >> ONCE THEY CALMED HER DOWN, 552 00:20:53,086 --> 00:20:56,520 >> ONCE THEY CALMED HER DOWN, MARY LINCOLN AND THE BOYS ALL 553 00:20:56,522 --> 00:20:59,123 MARY LINCOLN AND THE BOYS ALL TAKE THE SCHEDULED TRAIN. 554 00:20:59,125 --> 00:21:01,826 TAKE THE SCHEDULED TRAIN. >> AND ACTUALLY, SHE EXPERIENCED 555 00:21:01,828 --> 00:21:03,361 >> AND ACTUALLY, SHE EXPERIENCED SOME TUMULT IN BALTIMORE BECAUSE 556 00:21:03,363 --> 00:21:05,763 SOME TUMULT IN BALTIMORE BECAUSE THE MOB THAT WAS GOING TO HARASS 557 00:21:05,765 --> 00:21:08,733 THE MOB THAT WAS GOING TO HARASS HER HUSBAND WAS HARASSING HER. 558 00:21:08,735 --> 00:21:10,134 HER HUSBAND WAS HARASSING HER. AND THE CAR THEY WERE IN WAS 559 00:21:10,136 --> 00:21:15,339 AND THE CAR THEY WERE IN WAS ROCKED AND INSULTS WERE HURLED. 560 00:21:15,341 --> 00:21:17,642 ROCKED AND INSULTS WERE HURLED. >> BUT THE PRESIDENTIAL SPECIAL 561 00:21:17,644 --> 00:21:19,877 >> BUT THE PRESIDENTIAL SPECIAL ARRIVES IN WASHINGTON ON TIME. 562 00:21:19,879 --> 00:21:21,612 ARRIVES IN WASHINGTON ON TIME. AND MARY AND THE BOYS ARE 563 00:21:21,614 --> 00:21:25,349 AND MARY AND THE BOYS ARE REUNITED WITH LINCOLN. 564 00:21:25,351 --> 00:21:27,018 REUNITED WITH LINCOLN. >> NOW THAT SHE KNEW HER HUSBAND 565 00:21:27,020 --> 00:21:29,854 >> NOW THAT SHE KNEW HER HUSBAND WAS SAFE AND SOUND, MARY 566 00:21:29,856 --> 00:21:30,821 WAS SAFE AND SOUND, MARY IMMEDIATELY SAW TO HER BUSINESS. 567 00:21:30,823 --> 00:21:35,026 IMMEDIATELY SAW TO HER BUSINESS. GET READY FOR THE INAUGURATION. 568 00:21:35,028 --> 00:21:36,961 GET READY FOR THE INAUGURATION. >> WITH HIS FAMILY REUNITED UPON 569 00:21:36,963 --> 00:21:39,063 >> WITH HIS FAMILY REUNITED UPON HIS SAFE ARRIVAL IN WASHINGTON, 570 00:21:39,065 --> 00:21:39,797 HIS SAFE ARRIVAL IN WASHINGTON, LINCOLN FOCUSES ON HIS UPCOMING 571 00:21:39,799 --> 00:21:43,601 LINCOLN FOCUSES ON HIS UPCOMING INAUGURATION. 572 00:21:43,603 --> 00:21:46,604 INAUGURATION. HIS WORDS WILL EITHER HEAL A 573 00:21:46,606 --> 00:21:47,305 HIS WORDS WILL EITHER HEAL A WOUNDED NATION OR CATAPULT IT 574 00:21:47,307 --> 00:21:49,774 WOUNDED NATION OR CATAPULT IT INTO A CIVIL WAR 575 00:21:57,382 --> 00:22:01,986 >>> AS HIS INAUGURATION APPROACH, ABRAHAM LINCOLN FACES 576 00:22:01,988 --> 00:22:03,187 APPROACH, ABRAHAM LINCOLN FACES A DIFFICULT TASK. 577 00:22:03,189 --> 00:22:06,590 A DIFFICULT TASK. WITH SEVEN SLAVE STATES SECEDED 578 00:22:06,592 --> 00:22:09,193 WITH SEVEN SLAVE STATES SECEDED FROM THE UNION, HE MUST PERSUADE 579 00:22:09,195 --> 00:22:10,461 FROM THE UNION, HE MUST PERSUADE THE OTHER SLAVE STATES TO REMAIN 580 00:22:10,463 --> 00:22:11,762 THE OTHER SLAVE STATES TO REMAIN WHILE ALSO APPEALING TO HIS 581 00:22:11,764 --> 00:22:12,396 WHILE ALSO APPEALING TO HIS REPUBLICAN BASE. 582 00:22:12,398 --> 00:22:15,499 REPUBLICAN BASE. HE SPENT WEEKS PREPARING A 583 00:22:15,501 --> 00:22:21,272 HE SPENT WEEKS PREPARING A SPEECH HE HOPES WILL DO BOTH. 584 00:22:21,274 --> 00:22:24,141 SPEECH HE HOPES WILL DO BOTH. >> WE ARE LIVING THROUGH A SLOW 585 00:22:24,143 --> 00:22:26,277 >> WE ARE LIVING THROUGH A SLOW MOTION CAR CRASH INTO CIVIL WAR. 586 00:22:26,279 --> 00:22:28,579 MOTION CAR CRASH INTO CIVIL WAR. YOU SAW THE STORM CLOUDS COMING, 587 00:22:28,581 --> 00:22:31,582 YOU SAW THE STORM CLOUDS COMING, AND HERE IS ABRAHAM LINCOLN, NEW 588 00:22:31,584 --> 00:22:33,718 AND HERE IS ABRAHAM LINCOLN, NEW PRESIDENT, A PRAIRIE LAWYER WITH 589 00:22:33,720 --> 00:22:36,320 PRESIDENT, A PRAIRIE LAWYER WITH NO EXPERIENCE TRYING TO HOLD 590 00:22:36,322 --> 00:22:37,822 NO EXPERIENCE TRYING TO HOLD TOGETHER THE AMERICAN EXPERIMENT 591 00:22:37,824 --> 00:22:38,556 TOGETHER THE AMERICAN EXPERIMENT BEQUEATHED TO US BY THE FOUNDING 592 00:22:38,558 --> 00:22:48,999 BEQUEATHED TO US BY THE FOUNDING FATHERS WITH A SPEECH. 593 00:22:49,001 --> 00:22:51,168 FATHERS WITH A SPEECH. >> ON INAUGURATION DAY, MARCH 594 00:22:51,170 --> 00:22:55,373 >> ON INAUGURATION DAY, MARCH 4th, 1861, LINCOLN WAKES UP 595 00:22:55,375 --> 00:22:58,409 4th, 1861, LINCOLN WAKES UP EARLY AND HE REHEARSES HIS 596 00:22:58,411 --> 00:22:59,944 EARLY AND HE REHEARSES HIS INAUGURAL ADDRESS, READING IT 597 00:22:59,946 --> 00:23:05,750 INAUGURAL ADDRESS, READING IT ALOUD TO HIS SON ROBERT. 598 00:23:05,752 --> 00:23:06,384 ALOUD TO HIS SON ROBERT. ♪ 599 00:23:06,386 --> 00:23:09,153 ♪ LINCOLN LIKED READING ALOUD. 600 00:23:09,155 --> 00:23:11,389 LINCOLN LIKED READING ALOUD. HE LIKED HEARING HIS WORDS FOR 601 00:23:11,391 --> 00:23:21,265 HE LIKED HEARING HIS WORDS FOR SPEECHES IN ADVANCE. 602 00:23:21,267 --> 00:23:23,267 SPEECHES IN ADVANCE. THE CARRIAGE OF PRESIDENT JAMES 603 00:23:23,269 --> 00:23:25,169 THE CARRIAGE OF PRESIDENT JAMES BUCHANAN DRAWS UP. 604 00:23:25,171 --> 00:23:27,371 BUCHANAN DRAWS UP. LINCOLN ENTERS THE CARRIAGE, AND 605 00:23:27,373 --> 00:23:29,840 LINCOLN ENTERS THE CARRIAGE, AND BUCHANAN SAYS TO HIM, "IF YOU'RE 606 00:23:29,842 --> 00:23:33,944 BUCHANAN SAYS TO HIM, "IF YOU'RE AS HAPPY ON ASSUMING OFFICE AS I 607 00:23:33,946 --> 00:23:35,413 AS HAPPY ON ASSUMING OFFICE AS I AM LEAVING IT, THEN YOU'RE A 608 00:23:35,415 --> 00:23:40,384 AM LEAVING IT, THEN YOU'RE A HAPPY MAN INDEED." 609 00:23:40,386 --> 00:23:42,386 HAPPY MAN INDEED." THERE IS AN OMINOUS AIR AS THEY 610 00:23:42,388 --> 00:23:43,387 THERE IS AN OMINOUS AIR AS THEY PROCEED ALL THE WAY DOWN 611 00:23:43,389 --> 00:23:44,054 PROCEED ALL THE WAY DOWN PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, UP TO 612 00:23:44,056 --> 00:23:47,658 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, UP TO CAPITOL HILL. 613 00:23:47,660 --> 00:23:50,394 CAPITOL HILL. BUT WHEN LINCOLN ARRIVES ON THE 614 00:23:50,396 --> 00:23:51,095 BUT WHEN LINCOLN ARRIVES ON THE PORTICO, HE IS GREETED WITH A 615 00:23:51,097 --> 00:23:56,100 PORTICO, HE IS GREETED WITH A HUGE CHEER. 616 00:23:56,102 --> 00:23:58,302 HUGE CHEER. UNCHARACTERISTICALLY, HE IS 617 00:23:58,304 --> 00:24:00,871 UNCHARACTERISTICALLY, HE IS CARRYING A CANE, HIS TOP HAT AND 618 00:24:00,873 --> 00:24:05,743 CARRYING A CANE, HIS TOP HAT AND A SHEAF OF PAPERS, HANDWRITTEN 619 00:24:05,745 --> 00:24:07,912 A SHEAF OF PAPERS, HANDWRITTEN NOTES, REWRITES. 620 00:24:07,914 --> 00:24:10,281 NOTES, REWRITES. SO HE PUTS HIS CANE ON TOP OF 621 00:24:10,283 --> 00:24:12,349 SO HE PUTS HIS CANE ON TOP OF THE PAPERS, AND THEN HE LOOKS 622 00:24:12,351 --> 00:24:14,852 THE PAPERS, AND THEN HE LOOKS AROUND FOR A PLACE TO PUT HIS 623 00:24:14,854 --> 00:24:15,119 AROUND FOR A PLACE TO PUT HIS HAT. 624 00:24:15,121 --> 00:24:16,320 HAT. HE HADN'T THOUGHT OF THAT. 625 00:24:16,322 --> 00:24:19,857 HE HADN'T THOUGHT OF THAT. AND OUT OF THE FIRST ROW COMES 626 00:24:19,859 --> 00:24:21,158 AND OUT OF THE FIRST ROW COMES SENATOR STEVEN DOUGLAS, THE MAN 627 00:24:21,160 --> 00:24:23,594 SENATOR STEVEN DOUGLAS, THE MAN HE HAS OPPOSED FOR ALMOST ALL OF 628 00:24:23,596 --> 00:24:24,929 HE HAS OPPOSED FOR ALMOST ALL OF HIS POLITICAL CAREER, THE 629 00:24:24,931 --> 00:24:27,031 HIS POLITICAL CAREER, THE DEMOCRAT WHOM HE HAD BEATEN FOR 630 00:24:27,033 --> 00:24:27,465 DEMOCRAT WHOM HE HAD BEATEN FOR PRESIDENT. 631 00:24:27,467 --> 00:24:28,165 PRESIDENT. >> HE WILL HOLD LINCOLN'S HAT 632 00:24:28,167 --> 00:24:29,099 >> HE WILL HOLD LINCOLN'S HAT FOR HIM. 633 00:24:29,101 --> 00:24:34,872 FOR HIM. WHAT A GESTURE. 634 00:24:34,874 --> 00:24:37,374 WHAT A GESTURE. >> IT IS VIEWED IMMEDIATELY AS A 635 00:24:37,376 --> 00:24:39,376 >> IT IS VIEWED IMMEDIATELY AS A GESTURE OF RECONCILIATION, IF 636 00:24:39,378 --> 00:24:42,246 GESTURE OF RECONCILIATION, IF NOT BETWEEN THE SOUTH AND THE 637 00:24:42,248 --> 00:24:44,748 NOT BETWEEN THE SOUTH AND THE NORTH, THEN AT LEAST BETWEEN 638 00:24:44,750 --> 00:24:45,449 NORTH, THEN AT LEAST BETWEEN REPUBLICANS AND DEMOCRATS WHO 639 00:24:45,451 --> 00:24:46,183 REPUBLICANS AND DEMOCRATS WHO ARE NOW UNITED IN HOPING THAT 640 00:24:46,185 --> 00:24:49,286 ARE NOW UNITED IN HOPING THAT THE UNION SURVIVES. 641 00:24:49,288 --> 00:24:51,856 THE UNION SURVIVES. AND THEN HE BEGINS AN 642 00:24:51,858 --> 00:24:56,293 AND THEN HE BEGINS AN UNDERRATED, BRILLIANT SPEECH. 643 00:24:56,295 --> 00:24:58,496 UNDERRATED, BRILLIANT SPEECH. >> APPREHENSION SEEMS TO EXIST 644 00:24:58,498 --> 00:25:00,898 >> APPREHENSION SEEMS TO EXIST AMONG THE PEOPLE OF THE SOUTHERN 645 00:25:00,900 --> 00:25:06,170 AMONG THE PEOPLE OF THE SOUTHERN STETS THAT BY THE RECESSION OF A 646 00:25:06,172 --> 00:25:08,005 STETS THAT BY THE RECESSION OF A REPUBLICAN ADMINISTRATION, THEIR 647 00:25:08,007 --> 00:25:09,240 REPUBLICAN ADMINISTRATION, THEIR PROPERTY, THEIR PEACE AND 648 00:25:09,242 --> 00:25:10,875 PROPERTY, THEIR PEACE AND PERSONAL SECURITY ARE TO BE IN 649 00:25:10,877 --> 00:25:11,208 PERSONAL SECURITY ARE TO BE IN DANGER. 650 00:25:11,210 --> 00:25:12,443 DANGER. THERE HAS NEVER BEEN ANY 651 00:25:12,445 --> 00:25:15,913 THERE HAS NEVER BEEN ANY REASONABLE CAUSE FOR SUCH 652 00:25:15,915 --> 00:25:16,347 REASONABLE CAUSE FOR SUCH APPREHENSION. 653 00:25:16,349 --> 00:25:17,281 APPREHENSION. H 654 00:25:17,283 --> 00:25:17,548 H HI. 655 00:25:17,550 --> 00:25:19,350 HI. >> HE LAYS OUT WHAT KIND OF 656 00:25:19,352 --> 00:25:21,552 >> HE LAYS OUT WHAT KIND OF PRESIDENT HE WANTS TO BE, HIS 657 00:25:21,554 --> 00:25:22,553 PRESIDENT HE WANTS TO BE, HIS HOPES FOR QUICKLY HEALING THIS 658 00:25:22,555 --> 00:25:23,921 HOPES FOR QUICKLY HEALING THIS KIND OF RIFT THAT'S OPENED UP IN 659 00:25:23,923 --> 00:25:24,421 KIND OF RIFT THAT'S OPENED UP IN THE COUNTRY. 660 00:25:24,423 --> 00:25:25,956 THE COUNTRY. >> HE MAKES IT CLEAR THAT A 661 00:25:25,958 --> 00:25:26,891 >> HE MAKES IT CLEAR THAT A HUSBAND AND WIFE MAY DIVORCE, 662 00:25:26,893 --> 00:25:29,393 HUSBAND AND WIFE MAY DIVORCE, BUT THE STATES WAY NOT. 663 00:25:29,395 --> 00:25:32,663 BUT THE STATES WAY NOT. HE SAYS THE SOUTH HAS NO OATH 664 00:25:32,665 --> 00:25:33,531 HE SAYS THE SOUTH HAS NO OATH REGISTERED IN HEAVEN TO LEAVE 665 00:25:33,533 --> 00:25:35,799 REGISTERED IN HEAVEN TO LEAVE THE UNION, BUT I WILL BE TAKING 666 00:25:35,801 --> 00:25:38,836 THE UNION, BUT I WILL BE TAKING AN OATH SOLEMNLY SWEARING TO 667 00:25:38,838 --> 00:25:40,137 AN OATH SOLEMNLY SWEARING TO PRESERVE, PROTECT AND DEFEND IT. 668 00:25:40,139 --> 00:25:41,972 PRESERVE, PROTECT AND DEFEND IT. >> HE WANTS THE STATES THAT HAVE 669 00:25:41,974 --> 00:25:43,807 >> HE WANTS THE STATES THAT HAVE LEFT TO PLEASE COME BACK, BUT HE 670 00:25:43,809 --> 00:25:47,011 LEFT TO PLEASE COME BACK, BUT HE IS ALSO VERY FIRM ABOUT STICKING 671 00:25:47,013 --> 00:25:49,713 IS ALSO VERY FIRM ABOUT STICKING WITH THE PRINCIPLES THAT THE 672 00:25:49,715 --> 00:25:50,347 WITH THE PRINCIPLES THAT THE REPUBLICANS HAVE PLEDGED 673 00:25:50,349 --> 00:25:50,781 REPUBLICANS HAVE PLEDGED THEMSELVES TO. 674 00:25:50,783 --> 00:25:53,050 THEMSELVES TO. >> HE SAYS "I WILL NOT ACCEPT 675 00:25:53,052 --> 00:25:55,419 >> HE SAYS "I WILL NOT ACCEPT THE EXPANSION OF SLAVERY, AND I 676 00:25:55,421 --> 00:25:57,922 THE EXPANSION OF SLAVERY, AND I WILL NOT ACQUIESCE IN THE 677 00:25:57,924 --> 00:26:00,524 WILL NOT ACQUIESCE IN THE DOCTRINE OF SECESSION." 678 00:26:00,526 --> 00:26:02,159 DOCTRINE OF SECESSION." BUT IT'S CON SAILER TO IN SOME 679 00:26:02,161 --> 00:26:04,061 BUT IT'S CON SAILER TO IN SOME WAYS TO THE SOUTH. 680 00:26:04,063 --> 00:26:07,398 WAYS TO THE SOUTH. HE SAYS I WILL ACCEPT 681 00:26:07,400 --> 00:26:08,032 HE SAYS I WILL ACCEPT CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS 682 00:26:08,034 --> 00:26:09,333 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS CONGRESS CANNOT FREEZE THE 683 00:26:09,335 --> 00:26:10,267 CONGRESS CANNOT FREEZE THE SLAVES IN INDIVIDUAL STATES. 684 00:26:10,269 --> 00:26:13,704 SLAVES IN INDIVIDUAL STATES. >> HE OFFERS TO ENFORCE THE 685 00:26:13,706 --> 00:26:15,472 >> HE OFFERS TO ENFORCE THE FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT THAT REQUIRED 686 00:26:15,474 --> 00:26:16,206 FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT THAT REQUIRED NORTHERNERS TO RETURN RUNAWAY 687 00:26:16,208 --> 00:26:16,907 NORTHERNERS TO RETURN RUNAWAY SLAVES TO THEIR OWNERS IN THE 688 00:26:16,909 --> 00:26:20,377 SLAVES TO THEIR OWNERS IN THE SOUTH. 689 00:26:20,379 --> 00:26:24,682 SOUTH. >> I HAVE NO PURPOSE DIRECTLY OR 690 00:26:24,684 --> 00:26:26,417 >> I HAVE NO PURPOSE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY TO INTERFERE WITH THE 691 00:26:26,419 --> 00:26:27,351 INDIRECTLY TO INTERFERE WITH THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY IN STATES 692 00:26:27,353 --> 00:26:29,653 INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY IN STATES WHERE IT EXISTS. 693 00:26:29,655 --> 00:26:31,622 WHERE IT EXISTS. I BELIEVE I HAVE NO LAWFUL RIGHT 694 00:26:31,624 --> 00:26:33,057 I BELIEVE I HAVE NO LAWFUL RIGHT TO DO SO, AND I HAVE NO 695 00:26:33,059 --> 00:26:40,230 TO DO SO, AND I HAVE NO INCLINATION TO DO SO. 696 00:26:40,232 --> 00:26:42,600 INCLINATION TO DO SO. >> HE MADE CLEAR THAT HE DID NOT 697 00:26:42,602 --> 00:26:43,334 >> HE MADE CLEAR THAT HE DID NOT INTEND TO TOUCH SLAVERY IN THE 698 00:26:43,336 --> 00:26:47,171 INTEND TO TOUCH SLAVERY IN THE SOUTHERN STATES. 699 00:26:47,173 --> 00:26:48,238 SOUTHERN STATES. WHICH WAS CONSISTENT WITH THE 700 00:26:48,240 --> 00:26:48,973 WHICH WAS CONSISTENT WITH THE VIEWS THAT HE HAD ESPOUSED FOR 701 00:26:48,975 --> 00:26:52,343 VIEWS THAT HE HAD ESPOUSED FOR YEARS. 702 00:26:52,345 --> 00:26:55,245 YEARS. YOU COULD THINK THAT SLAVERY 703 00:26:55,247 --> 00:26:56,246 YOU COULD THINK THAT SLAVERY PHILOSOPHICALLY WAS WRONG, BUT 704 00:26:56,248 --> 00:26:57,881 PHILOSOPHICALLY WAS WRONG, BUT THAT DIDN'T MEAN THAT YOU WERE 705 00:26:57,883 --> 00:26:59,383 THAT DIDN'T MEAN THAT YOU WERE GOING OUT FULL BORE TO TRY TO 706 00:26:59,385 --> 00:27:05,489 GOING OUT FULL BORE TO TRY TO ABOLISH IT. 707 00:27:05,491 --> 00:27:08,926 ABOLISH IT. >> THE TRUTH IS THAT ALL OF THE 708 00:27:08,928 --> 00:27:10,828 >> THE TRUTH IS THAT ALL OF THE REPUBLICAN ANTI-SLAVERY THINKERS 709 00:27:10,830 --> 00:27:13,497 REPUBLICAN ANTI-SLAVERY THINKERS BELIEVED THAT CONSTITUTIONALLY, 710 00:27:13,499 --> 00:27:15,432 BELIEVED THAT CONSTITUTIONALLY, SLAVERY WAS A LOCAL INSTITUTION 711 00:27:15,434 --> 00:27:17,067 SLAVERY WAS A LOCAL INSTITUTION IN THE SOUTH THAT WAS SUPPORTED 712 00:27:17,069 --> 00:27:17,801 IN THE SOUTH THAT WAS SUPPORTED WITHIN THE FOUR CORNERS OF THE 713 00:27:17,803 --> 00:27:20,371 WITHIN THE FOUR CORNERS OF THE LAW. 714 00:27:20,373 --> 00:27:25,109 LAW. AND THEY SAID THAT IN THEIR 715 00:27:25,111 --> 00:27:25,843 AND THEY SAID THAT IN THEIR SLOGAN, FREEDOM NATIONAL, 716 00:27:25,845 --> 00:27:26,276 SLOGAN, FREEDOM NATIONAL, SLAVERY LOCAL. 717 00:27:26,278 --> 00:27:28,846 SLAVERY LOCAL. LINCOLN BELIEVED THAT. 718 00:27:28,848 --> 00:27:30,381 LINCOLN BELIEVED THAT. >> FOR LINCOLN, IT WAS REALLY 719 00:27:30,383 --> 00:27:32,149 >> FOR LINCOLN, IT WAS REALLY IMPORTANT FOR HIM TO ACT WITHIN 720 00:27:32,151 --> 00:27:35,319 IMPORTANT FOR HIM TO ACT WITHIN WHAT HE SAW AS THE BOUNDS OF THE 721 00:27:35,321 --> 00:27:35,919 WHAT HE SAW AS THE BOUNDS OF THE PRESIDENCY AND THE LAW. 722 00:27:35,921 --> 00:27:36,720 PRESIDENCY AND THE LAW. BUT I THINK THAT FOR BLACK 723 00:27:36,722 --> 00:27:39,423 BUT I THINK THAT FOR BLACK PEOPLE, THE LAW IS NOT EVER 724 00:27:39,425 --> 00:27:40,624 PEOPLE, THE LAW IS NOT EVER SOMETHING THAT WE CAN LIMIT 725 00:27:40,626 --> 00:27:42,860 SOMETHING THAT WE CAN LIMIT OURSELVES TO IN THE STRUGGLE FOR 726 00:27:42,862 --> 00:27:44,094 OURSELVES TO IN THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM, BECAUSE MANY OF THE 727 00:27:44,096 --> 00:27:47,031 FREEDOM, BECAUSE MANY OF THE RIGHTS THAT I HAVE TODAY AS AN 728 00:27:47,033 --> 00:27:47,765 RIGHTS THAT I HAVE TODAY AS AN AFRICAN AMERICAN MAN WERE EARNED 729 00:27:47,767 --> 00:27:51,535 AFRICAN AMERICAN MAN WERE EARNED BECAUSE PEOPLE BROKE LAWS. 730 00:27:51,537 --> 00:27:54,405 BECAUSE PEOPLE BROKE LAWS. >> BUT LINCOLN THINKS IF HE CAN 731 00:27:54,407 --> 00:27:57,141 >> BUT LINCOLN THINKS IF HE CAN JUST THREAD THAT NEEDLE, BE 732 00:27:57,143 --> 00:28:00,110 JUST THREAD THAT NEEDLE, BE SUFFICIENTLY CONCILIATORY, BE 733 00:28:00,112 --> 00:28:00,978 SUFFICIENTLY CONCILIATORY, BE SUFFICIENTLY FIRM TO BOTH THE 734 00:28:00,980 --> 00:28:01,879 SUFFICIENTLY FIRM TO BOTH THE SOUTH AND THE REPUBLICAN PARTY 735 00:28:01,881 --> 00:28:04,815 SOUTH AND THE REPUBLICAN PARTY THAT THE SEVEN STATES THAT HAVE 736 00:28:04,817 --> 00:28:05,949 THAT THE SEVEN STATES THAT HAVE SECEDED WILL VOLUNTARILY REJOIN 737 00:28:05,951 --> 00:28:06,684 SECEDED WILL VOLUNTARILY REJOIN THE UNION. 738 00:28:06,686 --> 00:28:07,418 THE UNION. THE HEALING WONDERS OF TIME WILL 739 00:28:07,420 --> 00:28:10,154 THE HEALING WONDERS OF TIME WILL SOLVE THE PROBLEM. 740 00:28:10,156 --> 00:28:12,690 SOLVE THE PROBLEM. >> THEN HE GETS TO THE END, 741 00:28:12,692 --> 00:28:14,124 >> THEN HE GETS TO THE END, WHICH HE STRUGGLED WITH. 742 00:28:14,126 --> 00:28:16,794 WHICH HE STRUGGLED WITH. HE WANTED TO END BY SAYING "MY 743 00:28:16,796 --> 00:28:18,462 HE WANTED TO END BY SAYING "MY FELLOW COUNTRYMEN, THE CHOICE IS 744 00:28:18,464 --> 00:28:21,965 FELLOW COUNTRYMEN, THE CHOICE IS YOURSELF, WILL IT BE PEACE OR 745 00:28:21,967 --> 00:28:22,266 YOURSELF, WILL IT BE PEACE OR SORT?" 746 00:28:22,268 --> 00:28:23,634 SORT?" AND THEN LEAVE IT HANGING IN THE 747 00:28:23,636 --> 00:28:25,869 AND THEN LEAVE IT HANGING IN THE AIR, ALMOST LIKE A DARE. 748 00:28:25,871 --> 00:28:27,304 AIR, ALMOST LIKE A DARE. HIS FRIENDS ADVISED HIM YOU 749 00:28:27,306 --> 00:28:27,971 HIS FRIENDS ADVISED HIM YOU CAN'T DO THAT. 750 00:28:27,973 --> 00:28:31,742 CAN'T DO THAT. YOU'VE GOT TO APPEAL TO THEIR 751 00:28:31,744 --> 00:28:35,012 YOU'VE GOT TO APPEAL TO THEIR BETTER SENSIBILITIES, THEIR 752 00:28:35,014 --> 00:28:37,014 BETTER SENSIBILITIES, THEIR PATRIOTISM, AND ENDED HIS SPEECH 753 00:28:37,016 --> 00:28:38,549 PATRIOTISM, AND ENDED HIS SPEECH REALLY BRILLIANTLY. 754 00:28:38,551 --> 00:28:41,552 REALLY BRILLIANTLY. >> THE MYSTIC CHORDS OF MEMORY 755 00:28:41,554 --> 00:28:43,120 >> THE MYSTIC CHORDS OF MEMORY STRETCHING FROM EVERY 756 00:28:43,122 --> 00:28:46,724 STRETCHING FROM EVERY BATTLEFIELD AND PATRIOT GRAVE TO 757 00:28:46,726 --> 00:28:48,625 BATTLEFIELD AND PATRIOT GRAVE TO EVERY LIVING HEART AND HEART 758 00:28:48,627 --> 00:28:50,627 EVERY LIVING HEART AND HEART STONE ALL OVER THIS BROAD LAND 759 00:28:50,629 --> 00:28:52,963 STONE ALL OVER THIS BROAD LAND WILL YET SWELL THE CHORUS OF THE 760 00:28:52,965 --> 00:28:54,465 WILL YET SWELL THE CHORUS OF THE UNION WHEN AGAIN TOUCHED AS 761 00:28:54,467 --> 00:28:55,966 UNION WHEN AGAIN TOUCHED AS SURELY THEY WILL BE BY THE 762 00:28:55,968 --> 00:29:01,271 SURELY THEY WILL BE BY THE BETTER ANGELS OF OUR NATURE. 763 00:29:01,273 --> 00:29:08,879 BETTER ANGELS OF OUR NATURE. >> MYSTIC CORDS OF MEMORY. 764 00:29:08,881 --> 00:29:09,446 >> MYSTIC CORDS OF MEMORY. JUST BEAUTIFUL. 765 00:29:09,448 --> 00:29:11,281 JUST BEAUTIFUL. HE NAILS THE POINT, BUT HE ALSO 766 00:29:11,283 --> 00:29:12,683 HE NAILS THE POINT, BUT HE ALSO GIVES YOU GREAT PHRASES. 767 00:29:12,685 --> 00:29:13,851 GIVES YOU GREAT PHRASES. THERE HAVE BEEN OCCASIONAL 768 00:29:13,853 --> 00:29:14,585 THERE HAVE BEEN OCCASIONAL PRESIDENTS WHO WROTE WELL, AND 769 00:29:14,587 --> 00:29:17,121 PRESIDENTS WHO WROTE WELL, AND THEN THERE IS LINCOLN. 770 00:29:17,123 --> 00:29:18,255 THEN THERE IS LINCOLN. LINCOLN COULD HAVE MADE IT AS A 771 00:29:18,257 --> 00:29:22,392 LINCOLN COULD HAVE MADE IT AS A WRITER. 772 00:29:22,394 --> 00:29:24,061 WRITER. >> LIKE EVERYTHING ELSE, THE 773 00:29:24,063 --> 00:29:25,763 >> LIKE EVERYTHING ELSE, THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS IS RECEIVED 774 00:29:25,765 --> 00:29:27,131 INAUGURAL ADDRESS IS RECEIVED STRICTLY ALONG PARTY, REGIONAL, 775 00:29:27,133 --> 00:29:31,401 STRICTLY ALONG PARTY, REGIONAL, AND EVEN RACIAL LINES. 776 00:29:31,403 --> 00:29:32,035 AND EVEN RACIAL LINES. WHITE REPUBLICANS LOVE IT. 777 00:29:32,037 --> 00:29:33,403 WHITE REPUBLICANS LOVE IT. LINCOLN IS BALANCED. 778 00:29:33,405 --> 00:29:34,972 LINCOLN IS BALANCED. LINCOLN IS FAIR. 779 00:29:34,974 --> 00:29:35,639 LINCOLN IS FAIR. LINCOLN IS APPEALING TO THE 780 00:29:35,641 --> 00:29:38,842 LINCOLN IS APPEALING TO THE BETTER ANGELS OF OUR NATURE. 781 00:29:38,844 --> 00:29:42,012 BETTER ANGELS OF OUR NATURE. SOUTHERNERS THINK HIS FIRST 782 00:29:42,014 --> 00:29:44,882 SOUTHERNERS THINK HIS FIRST INAUGURAL, IT'S BATTERY WRITTEN, 783 00:29:44,884 --> 00:29:46,183 INAUGURAL, IT'S BATTERY WRITTEN, IT'S COERCIVE, IT'S THREATENING. 784 00:29:46,185 --> 00:29:48,485 IT'S COERCIVE, IT'S THREATENING. >> IT DID NOT KEEP THEM FROM 785 00:29:48,487 --> 00:29:49,987 >> IT DID NOT KEEP THEM FROM SECEDING FROM THE UNION. 786 00:29:49,989 --> 00:29:52,122 SECEDING FROM THE UNION. >> SO HIS POLITICS DON'T GET HIM 787 00:29:52,124 --> 00:29:53,824 >> SO HIS POLITICS DON'T GET HIM THAT FAR ULTIMATELY, BECAUSE 788 00:29:53,826 --> 00:29:55,492 THAT FAR ULTIMATELY, BECAUSE THEY DON'T BELIZE ANYBODY. 789 00:29:55,494 --> 00:29:58,228 THEY DON'T BELIZE ANYBODY. THEY DON'T PLEASE THE 790 00:29:58,230 --> 00:29:58,896 THEY DON'T PLEASE THE SOUTHERNERS AND THEY DON'T 791 00:29:58,898 --> 00:30:00,597 SOUTHERNERS AND THEY DON'T PLEASE THE ABOLITIONISTS. 792 00:30:00,599 --> 00:30:03,767 PLEASE THE ABOLITIONISTS. >> ONE OF LINCOLN'S HARSH 793 00:30:03,769 --> 00:30:04,835 >> ONE OF LINCOLN'S HARSH CRITICS IS FREDERICK DOUGLASS, 794 00:30:04,837 --> 00:30:06,870 CRITICS IS FREDERICK DOUGLASS, AN ESCAPED SLAVE WHO GAINED 795 00:30:06,872 --> 00:30:08,338 AN ESCAPED SLAVE WHO GAINED NATIONAL RECOGNITION FOR HIS 796 00:30:08,340 --> 00:30:09,273 NATIONAL RECOGNITION FOR HIS ANTI-SLAVERY WRITINGS. 797 00:30:09,275 --> 00:30:11,108 ANTI-SLAVERY WRITINGS. >> DOUGLASS WAS ONE OF THE MOST 798 00:30:11,110 --> 00:30:12,810 >> DOUGLASS WAS ONE OF THE MOST PROMINENT LEADERS IN THE AFRICAN 799 00:30:12,812 --> 00:30:13,377 PROMINENT LEADERS IN THE AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY. 800 00:30:13,379 --> 00:30:15,279 AMERICAN COMMUNITY. >> ONE OF THE GREATEST FIGURES 801 00:30:15,281 --> 00:30:17,181 >> ONE OF THE GREATEST FIGURES OF THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT, A 802 00:30:17,183 --> 00:30:20,184 OF THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT, A GREAT WRITER, A GREAT NEWSPAPER 803 00:30:20,186 --> 00:30:22,553 GREAT WRITER, A GREAT NEWSPAPER EDITOR, A GREAT ORATOR. 804 00:30:22,555 --> 00:30:25,489 EDITOR, A GREAT ORATOR. >> WHEN LINCOLN SAID HE WAS NOT 805 00:30:25,491 --> 00:30:26,757 >> WHEN LINCOLN SAID HE WAS NOT TRYING TO ABOLISH SLAVERY IN ALL 806 00:30:26,759 --> 00:30:28,792 TRYING TO ABOLISH SLAVERY IN ALL THE SOUTHERN STATES, THAT DID 807 00:30:28,794 --> 00:30:29,393 THE SOUTHERN STATES, THAT DID NOT APPEAL TO FREDERICK 808 00:30:29,395 --> 00:30:33,797 NOT APPEAL TO FREDERICK DOUGLASS. 809 00:30:33,799 --> 00:30:35,899 DOUGLASS. >> A LOT OF TIMES WHEN PEOPLE 810 00:30:35,901 --> 00:30:37,067 >> A LOT OF TIMES WHEN PEOPLE CELEBRATE LINCOLN, IT'S A WAY OF 811 00:30:37,069 --> 00:30:38,635 CELEBRATE LINCOLN, IT'S A WAY OF ALSO SAYING LINCOLN IS BETTER 812 00:30:38,637 --> 00:30:41,638 ALSO SAYING LINCOLN IS BETTER THAN THE RADICAL REPUBLICANS AND 813 00:30:41,640 --> 00:30:43,607 THAN THE RADICAL REPUBLICANS AND HIS RESTRAINT IN REALLY PUSHING 814 00:30:43,609 --> 00:30:45,609 HIS RESTRAINT IN REALLY PUSHING HARD FOR THE FREEDOM OF AFRICAN 815 00:30:45,611 --> 00:30:47,477 HARD FOR THE FREEDOM OF AFRICAN AMERICAN PEOPLE, THAT WAS A WISE 816 00:30:47,479 --> 00:30:49,813 AMERICAN PEOPLE, THAT WAS A WISE COURSE TO AVOID A CATASTROPHE. 817 00:30:49,815 --> 00:30:51,782 COURSE TO AVOID A CATASTROPHE. BUT IT DOESN'T AVOID A 818 00:30:51,784 --> 00:30:52,182 BUT IT DOESN'T AVOID A CATASTROPHE. 819 00:30:52,184 --> 00:30:52,883 CATASTROPHE. WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED IS WE 820 00:30:52,885 --> 00:30:57,754 WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED IS WE WENT TO WAR. 821 00:31:11,369 --> 00:31:14,771 >>> AS LINCOLN SETTLES INTO OFFICE AND THE COUNTRY LOOMS 822 00:31:14,773 --> 00:31:16,506 OFFICE AND THE COUNTRY LOOMS CLOSER TO WAR, MARY FINDS THE 823 00:31:16,508 --> 00:31:17,207 CLOSER TO WAR, MARY FINDS THE ROLE OF FIRST LADY TO BE MORE 824 00:31:17,209 --> 00:31:22,746 ROLE OF FIRST LADY TO BE MORE DIFFICULT THAN SHE IMAGINED. 825 00:31:22,748 --> 00:31:24,448 DIFFICULT THAN SHE IMAGINED. >> MARY LANDED IN WASHINGTON 826 00:31:24,450 --> 00:31:27,251 >> MARY LANDED IN WASHINGTON AMID, OF COURSE RUMORS OF 827 00:31:27,253 --> 00:31:30,587 AMID, OF COURSE RUMORS OF SECESSION AND DRAMA OVER THE NEW 828 00:31:30,589 --> 00:31:31,822 SECESSION AND DRAMA OVER THE NEW CONFEDERACY BECAUSE JEFFERSON 829 00:31:31,824 --> 00:31:33,757 CONFEDERACY BECAUSE JEFFERSON DAVIS WAS BEING INAUGURATED THE 830 00:31:33,759 --> 00:31:36,093 DAVIS WAS BEING INAUGURATED THE SAME MONTH AS ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 831 00:31:36,095 --> 00:31:38,362 SAME MONTH AS ABRAHAM LINCOLN. >> BUT MRS. LINCOLN LONGED TO BE 832 00:31:38,364 --> 00:31:39,963 >> BUT MRS. LINCOLN LONGED TO BE REGARDED AS THE LEADER OF 833 00:31:39,965 --> 00:31:40,898 REGARDED AS THE LEADER OF WASHINGTON SOCIETY. 834 00:31:40,900 --> 00:31:42,132 WASHINGTON SOCIETY. IT WAS HER DREAM TO BE FIRST 835 00:31:42,134 --> 00:31:42,900 IT WAS HER DREAM TO BE FIRST LADY. 836 00:31:42,902 --> 00:31:44,801 LADY. SHE EXPECTED DEFERENCE, FAME, 837 00:31:44,803 --> 00:31:46,203 SHE EXPECTED DEFERENCE, FAME, SOCIAL LEADERSHIP, BUT IT WASN'T 838 00:31:46,205 --> 00:31:48,872 SOCIAL LEADERSHIP, BUT IT WASN'T GIVEN. 839 00:31:48,874 --> 00:31:50,173 GIVEN. >> THE WASHINGTON ESTABLISHMENT 840 00:31:50,175 --> 00:31:52,743 >> THE WASHINGTON ESTABLISHMENT REGARDED HER AS A RUBE AND A 841 00:31:52,745 --> 00:31:55,178 REGARDED HER AS A RUBE AND A HICK, A WILD PERSON FROM THE 842 00:31:55,180 --> 00:31:55,545 HICK, A WILD PERSON FROM THE PRAIRIES. 843 00:31:55,547 --> 00:31:58,315 PRAIRIES. EVEN THOUGH THE TODD FAMILY WAS 844 00:31:58,317 --> 00:32:01,051 EVEN THOUGH THE TODD FAMILY WAS AMONG THE ARISTOCRACY OF 845 00:32:01,053 --> 00:32:01,618 AMONG THE ARISTOCRACY OF LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY. 846 00:32:01,620 --> 00:32:03,620 LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY. >> PEOPLE WERE TALKING ABOUT THE 847 00:32:03,622 --> 00:32:06,757 >> PEOPLE WERE TALKING ABOUT THE LINCOLNS AS IF THEY WERE HAY 848 00:32:06,759 --> 00:32:07,891 LINCOLNS AS IF THEY WERE HAY SEEDS, COMING IN READY TO HAVE A 849 00:32:07,893 --> 00:32:09,526 SEEDS, COMING IN READY TO HAVE A HOE DOWN IN THE WHITE HOUSE. 850 00:32:09,528 --> 00:32:15,732 HOE DOWN IN THE WHITE HOUSE. >> THEY THOUGHT SHE WAS 851 00:32:15,734 --> 00:32:16,433 >> THEY THOUGHT SHE WAS UNSOPHISTICATED AND UNFIT FOR 852 00:32:16,435 --> 00:32:17,134 UNSOPHISTICATED AND UNFIT FOR THE DUTY OF SOCIAL LEADERSHIP. 853 00:32:17,136 --> 00:32:18,235 THE DUTY OF SOCIAL LEADERSHIP. >> WHEN HER FAMILY COMES TO TAKE 854 00:32:18,237 --> 00:32:18,969 >> WHEN HER FAMILY COMES TO TAKE A LOOK AT THE WHITE HOUSE, THEY 855 00:32:18,971 --> 00:32:20,871 A LOOK AT THE WHITE HOUSE, THEY TELL HER IT LOOKS LIKE A THIRD 856 00:32:20,873 --> 00:32:21,305 TELL HER IT LOOKS LIKE A THIRD RATE HOTEL. 857 00:32:21,307 --> 00:32:23,407 RATE HOTEL. >> IT HAD BEEN OCCUPIED FOR THE 858 00:32:23,409 --> 00:32:25,108 >> IT HAD BEEN OCCUPIED FOR THE PREVIOUS FOUR YEARS BY THE ONLY 859 00:32:25,110 --> 00:32:26,209 PREVIOUS FOUR YEARS BY THE ONLY BACHELOR PRESIDENT IN AMERICAN 860 00:32:26,211 --> 00:32:28,011 BACHELOR PRESIDENT IN AMERICAN HISTORY, JAMES BUCHANAN. 861 00:32:28,013 --> 00:32:30,914 HISTORY, JAMES BUCHANAN. >> IT IS ABSOLUTELY SHABBY. 862 00:32:30,916 --> 00:32:32,983 >> IT IS ABSOLUTELY SHABBY. SO SHE DECIDES THAT IT WILL BE 863 00:32:32,985 --> 00:32:35,319 SO SHE DECIDES THAT IT WILL BE HER JOB TO REDECORATE. 864 00:32:35,321 --> 00:32:37,087 HER JOB TO REDECORATE. SHE BELIEVES THAT WITH THE 865 00:32:37,089 --> 00:32:38,155 SHE BELIEVES THAT WITH THE NATION IN CRISIS, THE WHITE 866 00:32:38,157 --> 00:32:39,923 NATION IN CRISIS, THE WHITE HOUSE BECOMES A SYMBOL OF THAT 867 00:32:39,925 --> 00:32:41,091 HOUSE BECOMES A SYMBOL OF THAT NATION AND IT'S NOT GOING TO BE 868 00:32:41,093 --> 00:32:42,259 NATION AND IT'S NOT GOING TO BE FRAYED AND IT'S NOT GOING TO BE 869 00:32:42,261 --> 00:32:43,560 FRAYED AND IT'S NOT GOING TO BE TIRED. 870 00:32:43,562 --> 00:32:44,928 TIRED. SHE IS NOT GOING LIVE IN A PLACE 871 00:32:44,930 --> 00:32:49,533 SHE IS NOT GOING LIVE IN A PLACE THAT REFLECTS THE UNCERTAINTY. 872 00:32:49,535 --> 00:32:52,202 THAT REFLECTS THE UNCERTAINTY. SHE WAS GIVEN $20,000, A 873 00:32:52,204 --> 00:32:52,936 SHE WAS GIVEN $20,000, A PRINCELY SUM TO REDECORATE THE 874 00:32:52,938 --> 00:32:58,608 PRINCELY SUM TO REDECORATE THE WHITE HOUSE. 875 00:32:58,610 --> 00:33:00,143 WHITE HOUSE. >> WITH THE MODERN EQUIVALENT OF 876 00:33:00,145 --> 00:33:05,048 >> WITH THE MODERN EQUIVALENT OF MORE THAN $600,000, MARY IS 877 00:33:05,050 --> 00:33:07,317 MORE THAN $600,000, MARY IS DETERMINED TO PROVE HER WORTH 878 00:33:07,319 --> 00:33:07,918 DETERMINED TO PROVE HER WORTH AND PEDIGREE TO POLITE 879 00:33:07,920 --> 00:33:09,853 AND PEDIGREE TO POLITE WASHINGTON SOCIETY. 880 00:33:09,855 --> 00:33:11,788 WASHINGTON SOCIETY. >> SO SHE GUESS TO NEW YORK AND 881 00:33:11,790 --> 00:33:14,391 >> SO SHE GUESS TO NEW YORK AND SHOPS AND BIAS LOT OF NEW 882 00:33:14,393 --> 00:33:15,859 SHOPS AND BIAS LOT OF NEW FURNITURE, DRAPERIES, RUGS AND 883 00:33:15,861 --> 00:33:19,429 FURNITURE, DRAPERIES, RUGS AND THE LIKE. 884 00:33:19,431 --> 00:33:22,432 THE LIKE. BUT SHE VASTLY OVERSPENDS. 885 00:33:22,434 --> 00:33:25,202 BUT SHE VASTLY OVERSPENDS. >> SHE WAS JUST A SHOP-AHOLIC. 886 00:33:25,204 --> 00:33:25,869 >> SHE WAS JUST A SHOP-AHOLIC. SHE LOVED FINE THINGS. 887 00:33:25,871 --> 00:33:28,605 SHE LOVED FINE THINGS. >> THERE WAS A LOT OF OUTRAGE 888 00:33:28,607 --> 00:33:29,606 >> THERE WAS A LOT OF OUTRAGE ABOUT THIS. 889 00:33:29,608 --> 00:33:34,211 ABOUT THIS. THE SCANDAL WAS REACHING UP INTO 890 00:33:34,213 --> 00:33:34,945 THE SCANDAL WAS REACHING UP INTO CONGRESSIONAL DISCUSSION LEVELS. 891 00:33:34,947 --> 00:33:35,612 CONGRESSIONAL DISCUSSION LEVELS. SO HER HUSBAND DID HAVE TO 892 00:33:35,614 --> 00:33:38,115 SO HER HUSBAND DID HAVE TO INTERVENE. 893 00:33:38,117 --> 00:33:39,249 INTERVENE. >> AND THE PRESIDENT IS TOLD 894 00:33:39,251 --> 00:33:41,752 >> AND THE PRESIDENT IS TOLD THAT HE IS GOING TO HAVE TO 895 00:33:41,754 --> 00:33:44,021 THAT HE IS GOING TO HAVE TO AUTHORIZE AN APPEAL TO CONGRESS 896 00:33:44,023 --> 00:33:46,189 AUTHORIZE AN APPEAL TO CONGRESS TO ADD AN SPECIAL APPROPRIATION 897 00:33:46,191 --> 00:33:47,924 TO ADD AN SPECIAL APPROPRIATION TO COVER THE EXTRA EXPENSES, HE 898 00:33:47,926 --> 00:33:50,127 TO COVER THE EXTRA EXPENSES, HE IS INDIGNANT WHEN HE FINDS OUT 899 00:33:50,129 --> 00:33:51,461 IS INDIGNANT WHEN HE FINDS OUT HOW MUCH MONEY IT IS GOING TO 900 00:33:51,463 --> 00:33:52,162 HOW MUCH MONEY IT IS GOING TO BE. 901 00:33:52,164 --> 00:33:54,031 BE. LINCOLN SAID "I WILL BE 902 00:33:54,033 --> 00:33:55,999 LINCOLN SAID "I WILL BE DAMNED -- AND HE DOESN'T SWEAR 903 00:33:56,001 --> 00:33:58,268 DAMNED -- AND HE DOESN'T SWEAR VERY OFTEN -- IF I AM GOING TO 904 00:33:58,270 --> 00:34:00,037 VERY OFTEN -- IF I AM GOING TO GO TO CONGRESS AND ASK FOR EXTRA 905 00:34:00,039 --> 00:34:02,539 GO TO CONGRESS AND ASK FOR EXTRA APPROPRIATIONS FOR FLUBDUBS OF 906 00:34:02,541 --> 00:34:06,410 APPROPRIATIONS FOR FLUBDUBS OF THIS OLD HOUSE THINKING WAS SEEN 907 00:34:06,412 --> 00:34:07,110 THIS OLD HOUSE THINKING WAS SEEN IN POOR TASTE IN TIMES OF THE 908 00:34:07,112 --> 00:34:08,845 IN POOR TASTE IN TIMES OF THE COUNTRY GEARING UP FOR WAR. 909 00:34:08,847 --> 00:34:10,247 COUNTRY GEARING UP FOR WAR. LINCOLN DIDN'T WANT THIS TO 910 00:34:10,249 --> 00:34:11,815 LINCOLN DIDN'T WANT THIS TO BECOME A POLITICAL SCANDAL, SO 911 00:34:11,817 --> 00:34:13,383 BECOME A POLITICAL SCANDAL, SO LINCOLN SAID HE WANTED TO PAY 912 00:34:13,385 --> 00:34:14,117 LINCOLN SAID HE WANTED TO PAY THE COSTS. 913 00:34:14,119 --> 00:34:16,420 THE COSTS. SO THERE WAS TENSION BETWEEN 914 00:34:16,422 --> 00:34:17,120 SO THERE WAS TENSION BETWEEN MARY AND ABRAHAM DURING THIS 915 00:34:17,122 --> 00:34:19,623 MARY AND ABRAHAM DURING THIS PERIOD ABOUT APPEARANCES. 916 00:34:19,625 --> 00:34:21,892 PERIOD ABOUT APPEARANCES. >> DESPITE THE LINCOLNS' ATTEMPT 917 00:34:21,894 --> 00:34:23,960 >> DESPITE THE LINCOLNS' ATTEMPT TO KEEP UP APPEARANCES, THE 918 00:34:23,962 --> 00:34:27,497 TO KEEP UP APPEARANCES, THE DEMOCRATIC PRESS MALIGNS THEM. 919 00:34:27,499 --> 00:34:33,103 DEMOCRATIC PRESS MALIGNS THEM. THEY PAN MARY FOR HER FRIVOLOUS 920 00:34:33,105 --> 00:34:36,273 THEY PAN MARY FOR HER FRIVOLOUS SPENDING AND QUESTION IF HE IS 921 00:34:36,275 --> 00:34:37,741 SPENDING AND QUESTION IF HE IS ABLE TO LEAD THE COUNTRY IN A 922 00:34:37,743 --> 00:34:38,475 ABLE TO LEAD THE COUNTRY IN A TIME OF WAR. 923 00:34:38,477 --> 00:34:40,644 TIME OF WAR. >> ON PAPER, LINCOLN LOOKS AS 924 00:34:40,646 --> 00:34:42,446 >> ON PAPER, LINCOLN LOOKS AS THOUGH HE IS THE LEAST QUALIFIED 925 00:34:42,448 --> 00:34:43,480 THOUGH HE IS THE LEAST QUALIFIED PERSON TO HOLD THE POSITION THAT 926 00:34:43,482 --> 00:34:44,014 PERSON TO HOLD THE POSITION THAT HE HOLDS. 927 00:34:44,016 --> 00:34:45,348 HE HOLDS. >> HE WAS THE FIRST PRESIDENT 928 00:34:45,350 --> 00:34:46,083 >> HE WAS THE FIRST PRESIDENT BORN OUTSIDE OF THE ORIGINAL 13 929 00:34:46,085 --> 00:34:47,651 BORN OUTSIDE OF THE ORIGINAL 13 STATES. 930 00:34:47,653 --> 00:34:50,187 STATES. HE HAD ONLY BEEN A CONGRESSMAN 931 00:34:50,189 --> 00:34:50,487 HE HAD ONLY BEEN A CONGRESSMAN ONCE. 932 00:34:50,489 --> 00:34:54,624 ONCE. HOW COULD WE ENTRUST THE NATION 933 00:34:54,626 --> 00:34:56,026 HOW COULD WE ENTRUST THE NATION ESPECIALLY AT THIS VERY DRAMATIC 934 00:34:56,028 --> 00:34:58,195 ESPECIALLY AT THIS VERY DRAMATIC TIME TO SOMEONE SO 935 00:34:58,197 --> 00:35:01,698 TIME TO SOMEONE SO INEXPERIENCED? 936 00:35:01,700 --> 00:35:04,101 INEXPERIENCED? >> PEOPLE LIONIZE LINCOLN NOW, 937 00:35:04,103 --> 00:35:05,202 >> PEOPLE LIONIZE LINCOLN NOW, BUT VERY FEW PRESIDENTS HAVE 938 00:35:05,204 --> 00:35:07,137 BUT VERY FEW PRESIDENTS HAVE BEEN CRITICIZED AS CRUELLY AS 939 00:35:07,139 --> 00:35:08,572 BEEN CRITICIZED AS CRUELLY AS ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 940 00:35:08,574 --> 00:35:12,375 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. HE IS VICIOUSLY ATTACKED IN THE 941 00:35:12,377 --> 00:35:12,776 HE IS VICIOUSLY ATTACKED IN THE NEWSPAPERS. 942 00:35:12,778 --> 00:35:15,345 NEWSPAPERS. HE IS DEPICTED AS A MAN WHO IS 943 00:35:15,347 --> 00:35:17,881 HE IS DEPICTED AS A MAN WHO IS AFRAID AND WHO HAS BEEN 944 00:35:17,883 --> 00:35:18,248 AFRAID AND WHO HAS BEEN COWERING. 945 00:35:18,250 --> 00:35:20,817 COWERING. THEY REDUCE LINCOLN TO A FIGURE 946 00:35:20,819 --> 00:35:21,718 THEY REDUCE LINCOLN TO A FIGURE OF RIDICULE AND SATIRE. 947 00:35:21,720 --> 00:35:24,154 OF RIDICULE AND SATIRE. >> LINCOLN WAS WIDELY HATED. 948 00:35:24,156 --> 00:35:27,290 >> LINCOLN WAS WIDELY HATED. NOT JUST BY FOLKS IN THE SOUTH, 949 00:35:27,292 --> 00:35:28,692 NOT JUST BY FOLKS IN THE SOUTH, BUT HE WAS ALSO WIDELY 950 00:35:28,694 --> 00:35:29,626 BUT HE WAS ALSO WIDELY DISRESPECTED BY HIS PEERS. 951 00:35:29,628 --> 00:35:32,929 DISRESPECTED BY HIS PEERS. HE WAS SEEN AS SOMEONE WHO HAD 952 00:35:32,931 --> 00:35:34,164 HE WAS SEEN AS SOMEONE WHO HAD SLIPPED INTO THE OFFICE AND WAS 953 00:35:34,166 --> 00:35:36,433 SLIPPED INTO THE OFFICE AND WAS AS A MATTER OF CONSENSUS AMONG 954 00:35:36,435 --> 00:35:37,801 AS A MATTER OF CONSENSUS AMONG HIS FELLOW REPUBLICANS NOT SEEN 955 00:35:37,803 --> 00:35:43,440 HIS FELLOW REPUBLICANS NOT SEEN AS 956 00:35:43,442 --> 00:35:45,509 AS >> BUT LINCOLN HAD ALWAYS BEEN 957 00:35:45,511 --> 00:35:47,611 >> BUT LINCOLN HAD ALWAYS BEEN ABLE TO EMBRACE PEOPLE WHO HAD 958 00:35:47,613 --> 00:35:49,312 ABLE TO EMBRACE PEOPLE WHO HAD BEEN CRITICAL OF HIM. 959 00:35:49,314 --> 00:35:50,514 BEEN CRITICAL OF HIM. LOOK AT HIS CABINET. 960 00:35:50,516 --> 00:35:55,752 LOOK AT HIS CABINET. >> AWARE OF HIS SHORTCOMINGS, 961 00:35:55,754 --> 00:36:00,590 >> AWARE OF HIS SHORTCOMINGS, ABRAHAM LINCOLN IS MORE 962 00:36:00,592 --> 00:36:05,228 ABRAHAM LINCOLN IS MORE EXPERIENCED ON BOTH SIDES OF THE 963 00:36:05,230 --> 00:36:12,335 EXPERIENCED ON BOTH SIDES OF THE POLITICAL AISLE, AND HE NAMES 964 00:36:12,337 --> 00:36:14,771 POLITICAL AISLE, AND HE NAMES OHIO SENATOR, SENATOR CHASE, 965 00:36:14,773 --> 00:36:17,607 OHIO SENATOR, SENATOR CHASE, SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, AND 966 00:36:17,609 --> 00:36:21,311 SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, AND FORMER DEMOCRAT, MONTGOMERY 967 00:36:21,313 --> 00:36:26,650 FORMER DEMOCRAT, MONTGOMERY BLAIR, POSTMASTER GENERAL. 968 00:36:26,652 --> 00:36:33,623 BLAIR, POSTMASTER GENERAL. >> BLAIR OF MARYLAND WAS A 969 00:36:33,625 --> 00:36:39,930 >> BLAIR OF MARYLAND WAS A CONSERVATIVE. 970 00:36:39,932 --> 00:36:41,932 CONSERVATIVE. SEWARD, THE CABINET DIVIDED INTO 971 00:36:41,934 --> 00:36:42,899 SEWARD, THE CABINET DIVIDED INTO LEFT AND RIGHT. 972 00:36:42,901 --> 00:36:44,534 LEFT AND RIGHT. >> PEOPLE PERSONALLY CHARITABLE 973 00:36:44,536 --> 00:36:46,703 >> PEOPLE PERSONALLY CHARITABLE TO LINCOLN, HE EMPOWERED AND 974 00:36:46,705 --> 00:36:48,405 TO LINCOLN, HE EMPOWERED AND GAVE A POSITION TO BECAUSE HE 975 00:36:48,407 --> 00:36:50,006 GAVE A POSITION TO BECAUSE HE THOUGHT THEY COULD SERVE THE 976 00:36:50,008 --> 00:36:50,340 THOUGHT THEY COULD SERVE THE COUNTRY. 977 00:36:50,342 --> 00:36:51,975 COUNTRY. >> WHAT A CRAZY IDEA. 978 00:36:51,977 --> 00:36:55,212 >> WHAT A CRAZY IDEA. THESE PEOPLE ARE SMART, SO HE 979 00:36:55,214 --> 00:36:58,982 THESE PEOPLE ARE SMART, SO HE WANTED THESE PEOPLE CLOSE BY AND 980 00:36:58,984 --> 00:37:01,952 WANTED THESE PEOPLE CLOSE BY AND HE WANTED TO USE THEIR 981 00:37:01,954 --> 00:37:06,189 HE WANTED TO USE THEIR DISAGREEMENTS WITH HIM TO 982 00:37:06,191 --> 00:37:06,723 DISAGREEMENTS WITH HIM TO CHALLENGE HIS VIEWS. 983 00:37:06,725 --> 00:37:08,925 CHALLENGE HIS VIEWS. THAT SAYS TO ME THAT THIS MAN IS 984 00:37:08,927 --> 00:37:11,528 THAT SAYS TO ME THAT THIS MAN IS VERY SECURE, THAT HE'S THE 985 00:37:11,530 --> 00:37:13,463 VERY SECURE, THAT HE'S THE SMARTEST PERSON IN THE ROOM. 986 00:37:13,465 --> 00:37:14,931 SMARTEST PERSON IN THE ROOM. >> HE KNEW THERE WERE THINGS 987 00:37:14,933 --> 00:37:16,967 >> HE KNEW THERE WERE THINGS MORE IMPORTANT THAN PARTISAN 988 00:37:16,969 --> 00:37:18,201 MORE IMPORTANT THAN PARTISAN DIFFERENCES AND PERSONAL 989 00:37:18,203 --> 00:37:18,602 DIFFERENCES AND PERSONAL DIFFERENCES. 990 00:37:18,604 --> 00:37:21,104 DIFFERENCES. >> HE DID WORK ACROSS THE AISLE 991 00:37:21,106 --> 00:37:23,607 >> HE DID WORK ACROSS THE AISLE AND ENGAGE WITH ENEMIES 992 00:37:23,609 --> 00:37:24,641 AND ENGAGE WITH ENEMIES CONSTRUCTIVELY AND TRY TO PUT 993 00:37:24,643 --> 00:37:26,743 CONSTRUCTIVELY AND TRY TO PUT THE COUNTRY FIRST. 994 00:37:26,745 --> 00:37:28,511 THE COUNTRY FIRST. THAT'S A TRUE THING ABOUT THIS 995 00:37:28,513 --> 00:37:30,747 THAT'S A TRUE THING ABOUT THIS GUY THAT SETS HIM APART FROM A 996 00:37:30,749 --> 00:37:32,849 GUY THAT SETS HIM APART FROM A LOT OF LEADERS, ESPECIALLY 997 00:37:32,851 --> 00:37:33,149 LOT OF LEADERS, ESPECIALLY TODAY. 998 00:37:33,151 --> 00:37:35,485 TODAY. >> WHILE LINCOLN STACKS HIS 999 00:37:35,487 --> 00:37:38,154 >> WHILE LINCOLN STACKS HIS CABINET WITH CAREER POLITICIANS, 1000 00:37:38,156 --> 00:37:38,888 CABINET WITH CAREER POLITICIANS, TENSIONS BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH 1001 00:37:38,890 --> 00:37:41,057 TENSIONS BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH ESCALATE. 1002 00:37:41,059 --> 00:37:44,427 ESCALATE. ONE BY ONE THE CONFEDERACY 1003 00:37:44,429 --> 00:37:45,662 ONE BY ONE THE CONFEDERACY BEGINS SEIZING MILITARY BASES 1004 00:37:45,664 --> 00:37:48,965 BEGINS SEIZING MILITARY BASES ACROSS THE SOUTH. 1005 00:37:48,967 --> 00:37:51,167 ACROSS THE SOUTH. AS THE LAST FEW BEGIN TO RUN OUT 1006 00:37:51,169 --> 00:37:53,536 AS THE LAST FEW BEGIN TO RUN OUT OF SUPPLIES, THE COUNTRY INCHES 1007 00:37:53,538 --> 00:37:56,306 OF SUPPLIES, THE COUNTRY INCHES CLOSER TO ARMED CONFRONTATION, 1008 00:37:56,308 --> 00:37:59,676 CLOSER TO ARMED CONFRONTATION, AND THE FATE OF TH 1009 00:38:08,085 --> 00:38:13,056 >>> IN APRIL 1861, THREE WEEKS AFTER HIS INAUGURATION, THE 1010 00:38:13,058 --> 00:38:14,424 AFTER HIS INAUGURATION, THE MOUNTING TENSION BETWEEN THE 1011 00:38:14,426 --> 00:38:17,127 MOUNTING TENSION BETWEEN THE UNION AND CONFEDERACY FINALLY 1012 00:38:17,129 --> 00:38:23,466 UNION AND CONFEDERACY FINALLY REACHES A TIPPING POINT. 1013 00:38:23,468 --> 00:38:34,878 REACHES A TIPPING POINT. >> THE SEVEN STATES THAT 1014 00:38:34,880 --> 00:38:36,980 >> THE SEVEN STATES THAT SUCEEDED, THERE WERE TWO FOR THE 1015 00:38:36,982 --> 00:38:42,786 SUCEEDED, THERE WERE TWO FOR THE HARD FOR THE CONFEDERATE'S TO 1016 00:38:42,788 --> 00:38:44,888 HARD FOR THE CONFEDERATE'S TO GET AT. 1017 00:38:44,890 --> 00:38:49,259 GET AT. >> THE VERY EPICENTER OF 1018 00:38:49,261 --> 00:38:49,659 >> THE VERY EPICENTER OF SUCCESSION. 1019 00:38:49,661 --> 00:38:53,396 SUCCESSION. >> THE CONFEDERATES HAD 1020 00:38:53,398 --> 00:38:54,564 >> THE CONFEDERATES HAD ARTILLERY POINTED AT IT FROM THE 1021 00:38:54,566 --> 00:38:57,567 ARTILLERY POINTED AT IT FROM THE SHORE AND IT WAS EXTREMELY 1022 00:38:57,569 --> 00:38:57,967 SHORE AND IT WAS EXTREMELY VULNERABLE. 1023 00:38:57,969 --> 00:38:59,402 VULNERABLE. LINCOLN'S CABINET RECOMMENDED 1024 00:38:59,404 --> 00:39:01,271 LINCOLN'S CABINET RECOMMENDED THEY LET IT GO AND JUST 1025 00:39:01,273 --> 00:39:09,212 THEY LET IT GO AND JUST SURRENDER IT, AND LINCOLN SAID 1026 00:39:09,214 --> 00:39:13,249 SURRENDER IT, AND LINCOLN SAID IF WE DO THAT, IT BECOMES 1027 00:39:13,251 --> 00:39:15,985 IF WE DO THAT, IT BECOMES SYMBOLIC AND LINCOLN TAKES A 1028 00:39:15,987 --> 00:39:16,353 SYMBOLIC AND LINCOLN TAKES A HARD LINE. 1029 00:39:16,355 --> 00:39:18,254 HARD LINE. >> THE PEOPLE WHO ARE STATIONED 1030 00:39:18,256 --> 00:39:20,957 >> THE PEOPLE WHO ARE STATIONED AT FT. SUMTER START TO RUN OUT 1031 00:39:20,959 --> 00:39:23,326 AT FT. SUMTER START TO RUN OUT OF PROVISIONS, SO THE QUESTION 1032 00:39:23,328 --> 00:39:24,861 OF PROVISIONS, SO THE QUESTION WAS WHEN THEY RAN OUT OF THINGS 1033 00:39:24,863 --> 00:39:27,430 WAS WHEN THEY RAN OUT OF THINGS TO EAT WOULD THE UNITED STATES 1034 00:39:27,432 --> 00:39:29,432 TO EAT WOULD THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BE PERMITTED TO BRING 1035 00:39:29,434 --> 00:39:31,368 GOVERNMENT BE PERMITTED TO BRING PROVISIONS TO THE PEOPLE THERE, 1036 00:39:31,370 --> 00:39:36,539 PROVISIONS TO THE PEOPLE THERE, WHICH OBVIOUSLY THE SOUTH 1037 00:39:36,541 --> 00:39:39,042 WHICH OBVIOUSLY THE SOUTH CAROLINAENS DIDN'T WANT TO DO, 1038 00:39:39,044 --> 00:39:40,243 CAROLINAENS DIDN'T WANT TO DO, BECAUSE THEY SAW THEM AS AN 1039 00:39:40,245 --> 00:39:42,712 BECAUSE THEY SAW THEM AS AN ENEMY AND THERE'S A STANDOFF. 1040 00:39:42,714 --> 00:39:44,214 ENEMY AND THERE'S A STANDOFF. >> LINCOLN EVENTUALLY HITS ON 1041 00:39:44,216 --> 00:39:45,048 >> LINCOLN EVENTUALLY HITS ON THE COMPROMISE. 1042 00:39:45,050 --> 00:39:48,118 THE COMPROMISE. HE WILL SEND RELIEF TO FT. 1043 00:39:48,120 --> 00:39:49,319 HE WILL SEND RELIEF TO FT. SUMTER, BUT ONLY FOOD AND 1044 00:39:49,321 --> 00:39:54,491 SUMTER, BUT ONLY FOOD AND MEDICAL SUPPLIES, NO SOLDIERS OR 1045 00:39:54,493 --> 00:39:57,127 MEDICAL SUPPLIES, NO SOLDIERS OR AMMUNITION, NOTHING WAR LIKE. 1046 00:39:57,129 --> 00:39:59,295 AMMUNITION, NOTHING WAR LIKE. >> HE SAID I AM SENDING A FLEET 1047 00:39:59,297 --> 00:40:02,799 >> HE SAID I AM SENDING A FLEET DOWN TO GIVE BREAD TO STARVING 1048 00:40:02,801 --> 00:40:05,168 DOWN TO GIVE BREAD TO STARVING MEN, AND IF YOU DON'T BOTHER 1049 00:40:05,170 --> 00:40:10,573 MEN, AND IF YOU DON'T BOTHER THAT RELIEF EXPEDITION, WE WON'T 1050 00:40:10,575 --> 00:40:13,710 THAT RELIEF EXPEDITION, WE WON'T DO ANYTHING, BUT IF YOU DO WE 1051 00:40:13,712 --> 00:40:15,578 DO ANYTHING, BUT IF YOU DO WE HAVE WARSHIPS THERE TO ENGAGE. 1052 00:40:15,580 --> 00:40:21,351 HAVE WARSHIPS THERE TO ENGAGE. >> LINCOLN SAID AT VARIOUS 1053 00:40:21,353 --> 00:40:24,521 >> LINCOLN SAID AT VARIOUS POINTS TO WHITE SOUTHERNERS, YOU 1054 00:40:24,523 --> 00:40:27,357 POINTS TO WHITE SOUTHERNERS, YOU CANNOT HAVE WAR UNTIL YOU ARE 1055 00:40:27,359 --> 00:40:28,658 CANNOT HAVE WAR UNTIL YOU ARE THE AUTHORS. 1056 00:40:28,660 --> 00:40:31,961 THE AUTHORS. >> THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT 1057 00:40:31,963 --> 00:40:38,001 >> THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT UNDER PRESIDENT JEFFERSON DAVIS 1058 00:40:38,003 --> 00:40:39,769 UNDER PRESIDENT JEFFERSON DAVIS SEES THIS FOR WHAT IT IS. 1059 00:40:39,771 --> 00:40:41,671 SEES THIS FOR WHAT IT IS. >> THE SHIPS WOULD BE VIEWED AS 1060 00:40:41,673 --> 00:40:43,973 >> THE SHIPS WOULD BE VIEWED AS AN ACT OF WAR. 1061 00:40:43,975 --> 00:40:46,242 AN ACT OF WAR. THE ONLY WAY TO ASSURE THAT THE 1062 00:40:46,244 --> 00:40:49,078 THE ONLY WAY TO ASSURE THAT THE TROOPS ON FT. SUMTER DO NOT 1063 00:40:49,080 --> 00:40:51,581 TROOPS ON FT. SUMTER DO NOT STARVE WOULD BE THE RELINQUISH 1064 00:40:51,583 --> 00:40:52,916 STARVE WOULD BE THE RELINQUISH HIT TO THE CONFEDERACY. 1065 00:40:52,918 --> 00:40:58,388 HIT TO THE CONFEDERACY. >> THE CONFEDERATE COMMANDER IN 1066 00:40:58,390 --> 00:41:02,025 >> THE CONFEDERATE COMMANDER IN CHARLESTON SURRENDERS MT. 1067 00:41:02,027 --> 00:41:05,228 CHARLESTON SURRENDERS MT. SUMTER, AND HE REPLIES UNDER NO 1068 00:41:05,230 --> 00:41:06,629 SUMTER, AND HE REPLIES UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES CAN HE AGREE TO 1069 00:41:06,631 --> 00:41:06,930 CIRCUMSTANCES CAN HE AGREE TO THAT. 1070 00:41:06,932 --> 00:41:11,234 THAT. SO THE CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY 1071 00:41:11,236 --> 00:41:13,369 SO THE CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY OPENS FIRE ON FT. SUMTER. 1072 00:41:13,371 --> 00:41:18,641 OPENS FIRE ON FT. SUMTER. FIRE! 1073 00:41:18,643 --> 00:41:20,844 FIRE! >> AS SOON AS SUMTER IS FIRED 1074 00:41:20,846 --> 00:41:24,914 >> AS SOON AS SUMTER IS FIRED UPON, THE GAME IS UP. 1075 00:41:24,916 --> 00:41:29,986 UPON, THE GAME IS UP. CIVIL WAR AS WE KNOW IT BEGINS. 1076 00:41:29,988 --> 00:41:32,388 CIVIL WAR AS WE KNOW IT BEGINS. AND WHAT IT'S END IS GOING TO BE 1077 00:41:32,390 --> 00:41:33,623 AND WHAT IT'S END IS GOING TO BE NOW LINCOLN CANNOT EASILY 1078 00:41:33,625 --> 00:41:35,959 NOW LINCOLN CANNOT EASILY PREDICT. 1079 00:41:35,961 --> 00:41:40,029 PREDICT. >> NEARLY 800,000 AMERICANS ARE 1080 00:41:40,031 --> 00:41:40,763 >> NEARLY 800,000 AMERICANS ARE KILLED IN THE CIVIL WAR, MAKING 1081 00:41:40,765 --> 00:41:41,731 KILLED IN THE CIVIL WAR, MAKING IT THE DEADLIEST CONFLICT IN 1082 00:41:41,733 --> 00:41:45,802 IT THE DEADLIEST CONFLICT IN U.S. HISTORY. 1083 00:41:45,804 --> 00:41:47,837 U.S. HISTORY. PRESIDENT ABRAHAM LINCOLN IS 1084 00:41:47,839 --> 00:41:49,873 PRESIDENT ABRAHAM LINCOLN IS TASKED WITH LEADING THE COUNTRY 1085 00:41:49,875 --> 00:41:52,609 TASKED WITH LEADING THE COUNTRY THROUGH THE MOST PERILOUS TIME 1086 00:41:52,611 --> 00:41:55,044 THROUGH THE MOST PERILOUS TIME IT EVER HAS KNOWN, AND THE 1087 00:41:55,046 --> 00:41:58,047 IT EVER HAS KNOWN, AND THE CHOICES HE MAKES IS FOR THE 1088 00:41:58,049 --> 00:41:59,815 CHOICES HE MAKES IS FOR THE FUTURE OF DEMOCRACY AND THE FATE